Cervical Rib Syndrome
A condition associated with compression of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS; SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY; and SUBCLAVIAN VEIN at the thoracic outlet and caused by a complete or incomplete anomalous CERVICAL RIB or fascial band connecting the tip of a cervical rib with the first thoracic rib. Clinical manifestations may include pain in the neck and shoulder which radiates into the upper extremity, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of brachial plexus innervated muscles; sensory loss; PARESTHESIAS; ISCHEMIA; and EDEMA. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p214)
Cervical Rib
Ribs
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
A neurovascular syndrome associated with compression of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS; SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY; and SUBCLAVIAN VEIN at the superior thoracic outlet. This may result from a variety of anomalies such as a CERVICAL RIB, anomalous fascial bands, and abnormalities of the origin or insertion of the anterior or medial scalene muscles. Clinical features may include pain in the shoulder and neck region which radiates into the arm, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of brachial plexus innervated muscles, PARESTHESIA, loss of sensation, reduction of arterial pulses in the affected extremity, ISCHEMIA, and EDEMA. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp214-5).
Subclavian Artery
Vibration
Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome
An occupational disorder resulting from prolonged exposure to vibration, affecting the fingers, hands, and forearms. It occurs in workers who regularly use vibrating tools such as jackhammers, power chain saws, riveters, etc. Symptoms include episodic finger blanching, NUMBNESS, tingling, and loss of nerve sensitivity.
Raynaud Disease
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.)
Management of cervical ribs and anomalous first ribs causing neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. (1/10)
OBJECTIVE: Cervical and anomalous first ribs are rare conditions, occurring in less than 1% of the population. This manuscript reviews our management of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) associated with these congenital anomalies. METHODS: During the past 26 years, 65 operations were performed for abnormal ribs that produced symptoms of TOS. Of these, 54 operations were for neurogenic TOS and are covered in this paper. Indications for surgery were disabling pain and paresthesia and failure to respond to conservative treatment. Surgical technique for neurogenic TOS was supraclavicular cervical rib resection and scalenectomy without first rib resection in 22 cases, supraclavicular cervical and first rib resection in 17 cases, supraclavicular excision of anomalous first ribs in five cases, and transaxillary anomalous first rib resections in two cases (total, 46 cases). Eight reoperations were performed for recurrent TOS in patients who previously had undergone cervical and first rib resections. RESULTS: Neck trauma was the cause of neurogenic symptoms in 80% of patients with cervical or anomalous first ribs. The surgical failure rate was 28% for 46 primary operations. A significant variable in results was the etiology of the symptoms. The failure rate for patients in whom symptoms developed after work-related injuries or repetitive stress at work was 42%, and the failure rates for patients whose symptoms followed an auto accident or developed spontaneously were 26% and 18%, respectively. The failure rate in each etiology group also was affected by the operation performed. The failure rate for cervical rib resection without first rib resection in the work-related group was 75% compared with a failure rate of 38% in the non-work-related group. In contrast, when both cervical and first ribs were resected, the failure rate in the work-related group fell to 25% and in the non-work-related group to 20%. These failure rates for the work-related and non-work-related groups are similar to our failure rates in patients without cervical ribs. CONCLUSION: Surgery for neurogenic TOS in patients with cervical ribs should include both cervical and first rib resection. The presence of cervical or anomalous first ribs in patients with neurogenic TOS does not improve the success rate from surgery compared with patients without abnormal ribs. Neck trauma is the most common cause for neurogenic TOS in patients with abnormal ribs. Cervical and anomalous first ribs are the predisposing factors rather than the cause. (+info)Exercise induced critical ischaemia of the upper limb secondary to a cervical rib. (2/10)
The case is reported of a 32 year old woman with acute on chronic upper limb ischaemia due to thrombus from a cervical rib that had compressed the right subclavian artery of her dominant hand after use of a rowing machine. If not detected early, this condition can be debilitating especially in the young. A multidisciplinary approach is advisable to ensure a satisfactory outcome. (+info)Sonography for diagnosis of cervical ribs in children. (3/10)
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this series was to describe the use of sonography for diagnosis of cervical ribs in children. METHODS: Two children had hard nonmobile supraclavicular masses that were of clinical concern for malignancy. Both children were first evaluated by sonography. RESULTS: Sonography showed each mass to be a tubular bony structure with a cartilaginous end. They were thought to represent cervical ribs. This anatomic variant was subsequently confirmed with radiography in 1 case and computed tomography in the other. CONCLUSIONS: Musculoskeletal sonography may offer a reliable method for diagnosing cervical ribs without the need for ionizing radiation. (+info)A "hard" neck lump. (4/10)
We discuss a case of an asymptomatic cervical rib presenting as a hard neck lump in a 56-year-old woman. Cervical rib is a common condition associated with thoracic outlet syndrome. The diagnosis, investigation and management of this condition is an important differential diagnosis that an ENT surgeon should know in a patient presenting with a neck mass. (+info)Cervical rib with stroke as the initial presentation. (5/10)
(+info)The ossification of the costal element of the seventh cervical vertebra with particular reference to cervical ribs. (6/10)
During 16 years of study at Northwick Park Hospital 715 fetuses were radiographed to determine the incidence of skeletal malformations. A technique using low kV and industrial film provided higher resolution radiographs than would have been possible in live births because of dose considerations. Gestational age calculated from LMP and ultrasound findings ranged from less than 18 weeks to 42 weeks. A separate costal element of C7, the possible precursor of a cervical rib, could be identified in 63% of fetuses. Males outnumbered females 403:311 but there was no intersex difference in the presence of such rudimentary cervical ribs with 63 and 64% respectively in each group. Of the 452 cases with separate costal elements, 73% were bilateral. Of the unilateral group 60% occurred on the right and 40% on the left. There was no significant difference in the incidence between the gestational age groups from 20 weeks onwards, confirming that the disappearance of the separate element occurs predominantly after birth, 394 cases (87%) of fetuses had an otherwise normal skeleton. (+info)First rib resection using videothorascopy for the treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome. (7/10)
(+info)An unusual case of the syndrome of cervical rib with subclavian artery thrombosis and cerebellar and cerebral infarctions. (8/10)
(+info)
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Supernumerary body part
"Cervical ribs and thoracic outlet syndrome". Accessed 10 July 2006. Grumbach, M.M., Conte, F.A., 1998. "Disorders of sex ... one or more additional spleens Cervical rib - an additional rib Diphallia - having two penes/penises Hermaphroditism - having ... It is an uncommon syndrome, usually due to some kind of brain injuries in the somatosensory cortex or in some parts of the ...
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Cervical rib syndrome (compression on brachial plexus and/or subclavian artery caused by bone growth). Costoclavicular syndrome ... In some cases there may be a rudimentary rib or a cervical rib that can be causing the compression, which can be removed using ... This is called a "cervical rib" because of its attachment to C-7 (the seventh cervical vertebra), and its surgical removal is ... These include cervical rib, prolonged transverse process, and muscular abnormalities (e.g., in the scalenus anterior muscle, a ...
Cervical rib
The presence of a cervical rib can cause a form of thoracic outlet syndrome due to compression of the lower trunk of the ... A cervical rib is estimated to occur in 0.2% to 0.5% (1 in 200 to 500) of the population. People may have a cervical rib on the ... A cervical rib in humans is an extra rib which arises from the seventh cervical vertebra. Their presence is a congenital ... Most cases of cervical ribs are not clinically relevant and do not have symptoms; cervical ribs are generally discovered ...
Tracheal intubation
Examples of such conditions include cervical spine injury, multiple rib fractures, severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress ... Syndromes such as respiratory distress syndrome, congenital heart disease, pneumothorax, and shock may lead to breathing ... Cricothyrotomy is easier and quicker to perform than tracheotomy, does not require manipulation of the cervical spine and is ... A history of previous surgery (e.g., previous cervical fusion), injury, radiation therapy, or tumors involving the head, neck ...
Nail-patella syndrome
... and the presence of cervical ribs. An elbow of a man with nail-patella syndrome (NPS) This is a view from a different angle of ... It is also referred to as iliac horn syndrome, hereditary onychoosteodysplasia (HOOD syndrome), Fong disease or Turner-Kieser ... Nail-patella syndrome is a genetic disorder that results in small, poorly developed nails and kneecaps, but can also affect ... Nail-patella syndrome is inherited via autosomal dominancy linked to aberrancy on human chromosome 9's q arm (the longer arm), ...
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Surgery for this condition initially involved the removal of cervical ribs despite Marie and Foix's suggested treatment. In ... Electromyography and imaging of the cervical spine can help to differentiate cervical radiculopathy from carpal tunnel syndrome ... There are few disorders on the differential diagnosis for carpal tunnel syndrome. Cervical radiculopathy can also cause ... Recurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome after successful surgery is rare. The condition known as carpal tunnel syndrome had major ...
Ruzicka Goerz Anton syndrome
... accessory cervical ribs and carcinoma of the thyroid". Dermatologica. 162 (2): 124-36. doi:10.1159/000250259. PMID 7250456. ... Ruzicka Goerz Anton syndrome is a rare genetic disease described by Ruzicka et al. in 1981. It is characterized by icthyosis ( ... Ruzicka Goerz Anton syndrome at the Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center Causes of Ichthyosis at RightDiagnosis.com v t ... One year earlier, the patient had developed thyroid carcinoma, but whether or not this is due to the syndrome is unknown. The ...
Sprengel's deformity
... cervical ribs, fused ribs, omovertebral connections which are fibrous, cartilaginous or bony connection between the ... The deformity is associated with the following conditions:- Klippel-Feil syndrome (most common) congenital scoliosis, ... Sometimes a bony connection is present between the elevated scapula and one of the cervical vertebrae, usually C5 or C6. This ... see Klippel-Feil syndrome). It is named for German surgeon Otto Sprengel, who described it in 1891. "Sprengel deformity , ...
Horner's syndrome
Cervical rib traction on stellate ganglion Thyroid carcinoma Thyroidectomy Goiter Bronchogenic carcinoma of the superior ... Anisocoria Harlequin syndrome "Horner syndrome: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2019-05-06. ... such as cervical plexus block, stellate ganglion or interscalene block Horner syndrome is due to a deficiency of sympathetic ... The syndrome is named after Johann Friedrich Horner, the Swiss ophthalmologist who first described the syndrome in 1869. ...
Brachial plexus injury
Cervical rib, prominent transverse process, and congenital fibrous bands can also compress the brachial plexus and cause ... "Parsonage-Turner Syndrome". Who Named It?. Archived from the original on 2002-04-23. Retrieved 2021-11-30. Lorei, Matthew P.; ... The brachial plexus includes the last four cervical nerves (C5-C8) and the 1st thoracic nerve (T1). Each of those nerves splits ... A trauma directly on the shoulder and neck region can crush the brachial plexus between the clavicle and the first rib. ...
Michele Morrow
... small fracture and thoracic outlet syndrome, which resulted in the removal of her left cervical rib. Morrow's favorite games ...
KBG syndrome
Skeletal abnormalities Cervical ribs Delayed bone age Curved Pinky Fingers Flat Feet Short Stature Emotional or behavioral ... "Characteristics - KBG Syndrome". "Characteristics - KBG Syndrome". "Characteristics - KBG Syndrome". (Articles with short ... KBG syndrome - 148050 Herrmann J, Pallister PD, Tiddy W, Opitz JM (1975). "The KBG syndrome-a syndrome of short stature, ... The syndrome was first described by Herrmann in 1975 in three distinct families. Herrmann proposed the name KBG syndrome after ...
Shaken baby syndrome
Furthermore, shaking cervical spine injury can occur at much lower levels of head velocity and acceleration than those reported ... Fractures of the vertebrae, long bones, and ribs may also be associated with SBS. Dr. John Caffey reported in 1972 that ... Shaken baby syndrome (SBS), also known as abusive head trauma (AHT), is the leading cause of fatal head injuries in children ... Diagnosing the syndrome has continuously proved both challenging and contentious for medical professionals, in that they often ...
Cornelia de Lange syndrome
... cervical ribs, hirsutism)]. Jahrbuch für Kinderheilkunde und physische Erziehung (in German). 84: 225-235. NAID 10013330170. de ... Syndromes affecting stature, Rare syndromes, Syndromes with craniofacial abnormalities, Syndromes with cleft lip and/or palate) ... Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a genetic disorder. People with this syndrome experience a range of physical, cognitive, ... The syndrome has a widely varied phenotype, meaning people with the syndrome have varied features and challenges. The typical ...
List of MeSH codes (C14)
CREST syndrome MeSH C14.907.823.780 - telangiectasia, hereditary hemorrhagic MeSH C14.907.863.200 - cervical rib syndrome MeSH ... long QT syndrome MeSH C14.280.067.565.070 - Andersen syndrome MeSH C14.280.067.565.440 - Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome ... Behcet syndrome MeSH C14.907.940.110 - Churg-Strauss syndrome MeSH C14.907.940.560 - mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome MeSH ... CREST syndrome MeSH C14.907.790.100 - anterior spinal artery syndrome MeSH C14.907.790.550 - spinal cord ischemia MeSH C14.907. ...
First rib resection
... is a surgical procedure used in humans to treat thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) and Paget-Schroetter disease ... If anomalous cervical ribs are present, these may be removed as well. Brooke, Benjamin; Freishlag (2010). "Contemporary ... It involves the surgical removal of a segment of the first rib, which is the rib closest to the head, under the collar bone. ... First rib resection is indicated for venous, arterial, and neurogenic TOS. In all cases, the goal of the operation is to ...
Congenital vertebral anomaly
For instance, the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra may resemble a rib. A transitional vertebra at the ... Gorlin syndrome, fetal pyelectasis 3, Jarcho-Levin syndrome, OEIS complex, VACTERL association. The probable cause of ... It can lead to an abnormal angle in the spine, there are certain syndromes associated with block vertebrae; for example, ... Back pain associated with lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) is known as Bertolotti's syndrome. One study found that ...
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
There is usually also tenderness on palpation of the right upper abdomen and tenderness to percussion of the lower ribs which ... Surprisingly there is often no or only minimal pelvic pain, vaginal discharge or cervical motion tenderness, which may lead to ... Syndromes in females, Rare syndromes, Rare infectious diseases, Gonorrhea). ... Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome is a rare complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) involving liver capsule inflammation ...
List of MeSH codes (C10)
... tarsal tunnel syndrome MeSH C10.668.829.550.850 - thoracic outlet syndrome MeSH C10.668.829.550.850.200 - cervical rib syndrome ... cri-du-chat syndrome MeSH C10.597.606.643.210 - de lange syndrome MeSH C10.597.606.643.220 - down syndrome MeSH C10.597.606.643 ... melas syndrome MeSH C10.228.140.163.100.540 - menkes kinky hair syndrome MeSH C10.228.140.163.100.545 - merrf syndrome MeSH ... guillain-barre syndrome MeSH C10.668.829.350.500 - miller fisher syndrome MeSH C10.668.829.425 - isaacs syndrome MeSH C10.668. ...
List of ICD-9 codes 740-759: congenital anomalies
756.16 Klippel-Feil syndrome 756.17 Spina bifida occulta 756.2 Cervical rib 756.3 Other congenital anomalies of ribs and ... Down syndrome 758.1 Patau's syndrome 758.2 Edward's syndrome 758.3 Autosomal deletion syndromes 758.31 Cri du chat syndrome ... syndrome XO syndrome 758.7 Klinefelter syndrome 758.8 Other conditions due to sex chromosome anomalies Snyder-Robinson syndrome ... 759.8 Other specified congenital anomalies 759.81 Prader-Willi syndrome 759.82 Marfan syndrome 759.83 Fragile X syndrome 759.89 ...
Subclavian steal syndrome
Presence of a cervical rib is a risk factor for both TOS and SSS.[citation needed] Takayasu's arteritis is a disease causing ... subclavian steal syndrome". Circ J. 67 (5): 464-6. doi:10.1253/circj.67.464. PMID 12736489. Subclavian Steal Syndrome - ... Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) increases the risk for SSS. TOS doesn't directly cause SSS, because the site of subclavian ... Subclavian steal syndrome (SSS), also called subclavian steal steno-occlusive disease, is a constellation of signs and symptoms ...
Cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome
"Mitral regurgitation, conductive deafness, and fusion of cervical vertebrae and of carpal and tarsal bones". Genetic and Rare ... reflux Hypertelorism Joint hypermobility Long philtrum Rotated ears Pseudoepiphyses High frequency of middle ear infections Rib ... Cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by cardiac, digital, osseous ... "Mitral regurgitation, conductive deafness, and fusion of cervical vertebrae and of carpal and tarsal bones - About the Disease ...
Joint manipulation
... vertebral and rib fractures, and cauda equina syndrome. In a 1993 study, J.D. Cassidy, DC, and co-workers concluded that the ... The degree of serious risks associated with manipulation of the cervical spine is uncertain, with widely differing results ...
Cervical vertebrae
... a condition known as thoracic outlet syndrome. Very rarely, this rib occurs in a pair. The long spinous process of C7 is thick ... In sauropsid species, the cervical vertebrae bear cervical ribs. In lizards and saurischian dinosaurs, the cervical ribs are ... Sometimes, the seventh cervical vertebra is associated with an abnormal extra rib, known as a cervical rib, which develops from ... The cervical spinal nerves emerge from above the cervical vertebrae. For example, the cervical spinal nerve 3 (C3) passes above ...
Morquio syndrome
... causes progressive changes to the skeleton of the ribs and chest, which may lead to neurological complications ... a surgical procedure called spinal cervical bone fusion can be lifesaving. Restricted breathing, joint stiffness, and heart ... Hurler syndrome (MPS I) Hunter syndrome (MPS II) Sanfilippo syndrome (MPS III) Dwarfism "MPS IV (Morquio syndrome)". MPSSociety ... This syndrome has two forms, A and B, referred to as Morquio A and Morquio B syndrome or MPS IVA and MPS IVB. The two forms are ...
Myelomalacia
The areas most commonly injured include the cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), and the lumbar spine (L1-L5). Depending on the extent ... is known as ascending syndrome and is said to be a typical feature of diffuse myelomalacia. Although clinical signs of ... muscles that run between the ribs) and diaphragmatic paralysis. Gradual cranial migration of the neurological deficits ( ... Possible causes of myelomalacia include cervical myelopathy, hemorrhagic infarction, or acute injury, such as that caused by ...
Index of trauma and orthopaedics articles
Catel-Manzke syndrome - Cenani-Lenz syndactylism - Cervical dislocation - Cervical fracture - Cervical rib - Chalkstick ... Barré-Liéou syndrome - Barton's fracture - Baumann's angle - Beals syndrome - Bechterew's - Bennett's fracture - Bifid rib - ... Ehlers-Danlos syndrome - Eiken syndrome - Elbow examination - Elbow extension test - Ellis-van Creveld syndrome - Enchondroma ... Marfan syndrome - Marie-Strümpell disease - Marshall syndrome - Marshall-Smith syndrome - Martin-Gruber Anastomosis - Mayfield ...
Otoplasty
... made of autologous rib cartilage, under the skin of the mastoid region of the head, which reconstructed the pinna; he then ... Treacher Collins syndrome and hemifacial microsomia). Otoplasty (surgery of the ear) was developed in ancient India in the 5th ... separated this from the skin of the mastoid area by means of a cervical flap. In 1937, Dr. Gillies also attempted a similar ...
Stellate ganglion
... anterior to the transverse process of C7 and the neck of the first rib, superior to the cervical pleura and just below the ... because stellectomy causes Horner's syndrome. The stellate ganglion lies in front of the neck of the first rib, and posterior ... It is superiorly covered by the prevertebral lamina of the cervical fascia and anteriorly in relation with common carotid ... Left stellectomy is a treatment strategy in prolonged QT syndrome because activity of the stellate ganglia drives prolonged QT ...
Scalene muscles
Abd Jalil, N; Awang, MS; Omar, M (2010). "Scalene myofascial pain syndrome mimicking cervical disc prolapse: a report of two ... resection of the cervical rib. The scalenes used to be known as the lateral vertebral muscles. The muscles are named from Greek ... the posterior scalene lifts the second rib and tilts the neck to the same side. Because they elevate the upper ribs, they also ... originate from the transverse processes from the cervical vertebrae of C2 to C7 and insert onto the first and second ribs. The ...
Childbirth
Cervical effacement, which is the thinning and stretching of the cervix, and cervical dilation occur during the closing weeks ... Postmature births carry risks for both the mother and the baby, including meconium aspiration syndrome, fetal malnutrition, and ... which is the process of the baby moving down from the rib cage with the head of the baby engaging deep in the pelvis. The ... Health care providers may assess the mother's progress in labour by performing a cervical exam to evaluate the cervical ...
List of diseases (C)
Cervical ribs sprengel anomaly polydactyly Cervical spinal stenosis Cervical vertebral fusion Cervicooculoacoustic syndrome ... CCA syndrome Ccge syndrome CCHS CDG syndrome CDG syndrome type 1A CDG syndrome type 1B CDG syndrome type 1C CDG syndrome type 2 ... syndrome Coffin-Siris syndrome COFS syndrome Cogan-Reese syndrome Cogan syndrome Cohen-Gibson syndrome Cohen-Hayden syndrome ... syndrome type 1 Cockayne syndrome type 2 Cockayne syndrome type 3 Cockayne's syndrome Codas syndrome Codesette syndrome Coeliac ...
Childhood immunizations in the United States
Other HPV types can cause normal cells in the body to turn abnormal, and might lead to cancer over time such as cervical cancer ... IPV may be associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) (no more than 1 or 2 per million) The attenuated vaccine may have ... 1 or 2 in 100 will die In teens and adults symptoms include weight loss loss of bladder control passing out rib fractures from ... toxic shock syndrome bone infections joint infections Some people with serious complications may need to be hospitalized, and ...
Long thoracic nerve
The long thoracic nerve arises from the anterior rami of the C5, C6, and C7 cervical spinal nerve. The root from C7 may ... Parsonage Turner Syndrome, an autoimmune disease. trauma or infection. Symptoms are often minimal - if symptomatic, a posterior ... various sports injuries, typically occurring from a blow to the ribs underneath an outstretched arm. surgery for shoulder and ... "Parsonage-Turner syndrome". Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia. 50 (3): 336-341. doi:10.1016/j.rboe.2015.04.002. ISSN 2255-4971. ...
Tutankhamun
Fröhlich syndrome (adiposogenital dystrophy), Klinefelter syndrome, androgen insensitivity syndrome, aromatase excess syndrome ... including the fact that the front part of his chest wall and ribs are missing. However, the missing ribs are unlikely to be a ... Boyer, R.S.; Rodin, E.A.; Grey, T.C.; Connolly, R.C. (2003). "The skull and cervical spine radiographs of Tutankhamen: a ... Antley-Bixler syndrome) or Marfan syndrome. Genetic testing for STEVOR, AMA1, or MSP1 genes specific for Plasmodium falciparum ...
Tutankhamun's mummy
Fröhlich syndrome (adiposogenital dystrophy), Klinefelter syndrome, androgen insensitivity syndrome, aromatase excess syndrome ... Boyer, R.S.; Rodin, E.A.; Grey, T.C.; Connolly, R.C. (2003). "The skull and cervical spine radiographs of Tutankhamen: a ... Forbes, Dennis; Ikram, Salima; Kamrin, Janice (2007). "Tutankhamen's Missing Ribs". KMT. 18 (1): 51-56. Retrieved 22 August ... These include gynecomastia, Marfan syndrome, Wilson-Turner X-linked intellectual disability syndrome, ...
List of OMIM disorder codes
IL2RG Short QT syndrome-1; 609620; KCNH2 Short QT syndrome-2; 609621; KCNQ1 Short QT syndrome-3; 609622; KCNJ2 Short rib- ... CLN6 Cervical cancer, somatic; 603956; FGFR3 Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome; 275630; ABHD5 Char syndrome; 169100; TFAP2B Charcot- ... AKAP9 Long QT syndrome-3; 603830; SCN5A Long QT syndrome-4; 600919; ANK2 Long QT syndrome-7; 170390; KCNJ2 Long QT syndrome-9; ... TGFBR2 Long QT syndrome 12; 612955; SNT1 Long QT syndrome 13; 613485; KCNJ5 Long QT syndrome-1; 192500; KCNQ1 Long QT syndrome- ...
Manatee
The manatee is unusual among mammals in having just six cervical vertebrae, a number that may be due to mutations in the ... Prolonged exposure to water below 20 °C (68 °F) can cause "cold stress syndrome" and death. Florida manatees can move freely ... by age 2 its dorsum was grossly deformed and included a large protruding rib fragment visible." These veterinarians go on to ... All other mammals have seven cervical vertebrae, other than the two-toed and three-toed sloths. Like the horse, the manatee has ...
Complication (medicine)
Toxic shock syndrome. A severe reaction of the body to toxins produced by various bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes. ... Fractured ribs and sternum may be a complication of cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts. Sepsis (infection of the blood) may ... and cervical adenopathy (swollen lymph nodes underneath the chin and around the neck area). Streptococcal pharyngitis can lead ... "Toxic Shock Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology". 2019-01-15. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ,journal= ( ...
Thymus
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1, is a rare genetic autoimmune syndrome that results from a genetic defect of the ... The nerves supplying the thymus arise from the vagus nerve and the cervical sympathetic chain. Branches from the phrenic nerves ... and stretch from below the thyroid in the neck to as low as the cartilage of the fourth rib. The lobes are covered by a capsule ... Loss of the thymus at an early age through genetic mutation (as in DiGeorge syndrome, CHARGE syndrome, or a very rare "nude" ...
F wave
Wulff, C. H.; Gilliatt, R. W. (1979). "F waves in patients with hand wasting caused by a cervical rib and band". Muscle & Nerve ... frequently used in the assessment of demyelinating neuropathic conditions including Guillain-Barré syndrome. chronodispersion ... in the cervical and lumbosacral cord. F-waves are able to assess both afferent and efferent loops of the alpha motor neuron in ...
Thoracic diaphragm
When the central tendon is stabilized and the lower ribs are mobile, a contraction lifts the origins (ribs) up towards the ... The diaphragm is primarily innervated by the phrenic nerve which is formed from the cervical nerves C3, C4 and C5. While the ... Other causes include Guillain-Barré syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. A hiatus hernia is a hernia common in adults in ... When the lower ribs are stabilized and the central tendon of the diaphragm is mobile, a contraction brings the insertion ( ...
Subclavian artery
Subclavian steal syndrome occurs when there is occlusion or stenosis of the subclavian artery at a point before the branching ... As the subclavian artery crosses the lateral border of the first rib, it becomes the axillary artery. On the right side the ... Behind, it is in relation with the esophagus, thoracic duct, left recurrent laryngeal nerve, inferior cervical ganglion of the ... Below, it rests on the upper surface of the first rib. The subclavian arteries give off five major arteries each: the vertebral ...
Plesiosaur
With early forms, the amphicoelous or amphiplat neck vertebrae bore double-headed neck ribs; later forms had single-headed ribs ... The neck length variations were not caused by an elongation of the individual cervical vertebrae, but an increase in their ... Rothschild, B.M.; Storrs, G.W. (2003). "Decompression syndrome in plesiosaurs (Sauropterygia: Reptilia)". Journal of Vertebrate ... The pectoral and pelvic plates were connected by a plastron, a bone cage formed by the paired belly ribs that each had a middle ...
Causes of cancer pain
Fracture Rib fractures, common in breast, prostate and other cancers with rib metastases, can cause brief severe pain on ... Superior vena cava syndrome The superior vena cava (a large vein carrying circulating, de-oxygenated blood into the heart) may ... Seventy percent of cases involve the thoracic, 20 percent the lumbar, and 10 percent the cervical spine; and about 20 percent ... ISBN 978-0-340-94007-5. Foley KM (2004). "Acute and chronic cancer pain syndromes". In Doyle D, Hanks G, Cherny N, Calman K ( ...
List of ICD-9 codes 800-999: injury and poisoning
995.55 Shaken infant syndrome 995.6 Anaphylactic shock due to adverse food reaction 995.60 Anaphylactic shock due to ... with rib(s) and sternum 829 Fracture of unspecified bones 830 Dislocation of jaw 831 Dislocation of shoulder 832 Dislocation of ... Spinal cord injury without evidence of spinal bone injury 953 Injury to nerve roots and spinal plexus 953.0 Injury to cervical ... and upper limb with rib(s) and sternum 820 Fracture of neck of femur 821 Fracture of other and unspecified parts of femur 822 ...
Shoulder problem
Arm movement is further facilitated by the ability of the scapula itself to slide along the rib cage. The capsule is a soft ... Impingement syndrome may be confirmed when injection of a small amount of anesthetic (lidocaine hydrochloride) into the space ... Other regions within the body (such as gallbladder, liver, or heart disease, or disease of the cervical spine of the neck) also ... Tendinitis and impingement syndrome are often accompanied by inflammation of the bursa sacs that protect the shoulder. ...
Perlecan
This is consistent with other results showing loss of perlecan in basement membranes affected by invasive cervical cancer ... May 2002). "Structural and functional mutations of the perlecan gene cause Schwartz-Jampel syndrome, with myotonic myopathy and ... "Changes in perlecan during chondrocyte differentiation in the fetal bovine rib growth plate". J. Orthop. Res. 24 (6): 1317-26. ... Diabetes and atherosclerosis are commonly associated syndromes. 80% of diabetes-associated deaths involve some form of ...
List of syndromes
Shone's syndrome Short anagen syndrome Short bowel syndrome short limb syndrome Short man syndrome Short QT syndrome Short rib ... syndrome cervical disc syndrome Cervical syndrome Cervicocranial syndrome Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease CHARGE syndrome Charles ... syndrome Wende-Bauckus syndrome Werner syndrome Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome West syndrome Westerhof syndrome Wet lung syndrome ... syndrome Radial tunnel syndrome Rage syndrome Raghib syndrome Raine syndrome Ramos-Arroyo syndrome Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 1 ...
Neanderthal
... the use of less abundant bovine ribs may indicate a specific preference for bovine ribs. Potential lissoirs have also been ... Gómez-Olivencia, A.; Been, E.; Arsuaga, J. L.; Stock, J. T. (2013). "The Neandertal vertebral column 1: the cervical spine". ... and Costello syndrome. Nonetheless, some genes may have helped modern human Europeans adapt to the environment; the Val92Met ... In 2013, two 51.4-41.1 thousand year old deer rib lissoirs were reported from Pech-de-l'Azé and the nearby Abri Peyrony in ...
Ichthyosaur
These belly ribs have a single centre segment and one or two outer segments per side. They are not fused into a real plastron. ... The neck is short, and derived species show a reduction in the number of cervical vertebrae. The short neck positions the skull ... for marine habitat and the effect of Triassic and Jurassic predator pressure on development of decompression syndrome in ... The ribs typically are very thin and possess a longitudinal groove on both the inner and the outer sides. The lower side of the ...
Mullerian anomalies
Women with MRKH syndrome commonly present with primary amenorrhea, where menstruation does not occur by the age of 16. In the ... DES cervical and vaginal anomalies include hypoplasia, collar and hood malformation of the vagina and cervix and is seen in 20 ... Skeletal malformations which include congenital dislocation of the hip, malformations of the arms, foot, ribs, hemivertebrae in ... MRKH syndrome account for 5% to 10% of all mullerian anomalies. While septate uterus or class II uterine anomalies account for ...
Pancoast tumor
... of sympathetic fibers as they exit the cord at T1 and ascend to the superior cervical ganglion will produce Horner's syndrome.[ ... It typically spreads to nearby tissues such as the ribs and vertebrae. Most Pancoast tumors are non-small-cell lung cancers. ... A Pancoast tumor can give rise to both Pancoast syndrome and Horner's syndrome. When the brachial plexus roots are involved, it ... ribs and vertebral bodies), as well as mediastinal lymphadenectomy. Surgical access may be via thoracotomy from the back or the ...
Pain under right rib.. | Cervical Rib Syndrome | Forums | Patient
Ive been have pain under my right rib, ive had that feeling like i have a ball stuck inder there on and of for maybe a yr or ... But know sometimes I feel as if i have broken ribs and often a swelling under there . I was told by a different doctor that i ... I told her the Only way i could explain it was the gas is not completly gone but better BUT i have pain under my right rib like ...
Cervical Ribs and Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | RADIOLOGYPICS.COM
This is an example of cervical ribs, which are seen in less than 1% of the population. Cervical ribs are on the differential ... diagnosis for neck pain, and can be a cause of thoracic outlet syndrome. The thoracic outlet contains multiple spaces including ... This is an example of cervical ribs, which are seen in less than 1% of the population. Cervical ribs are on the differential ... Cervical Ribs and Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. Posted by radiologypics ⋅ March 6, 2013. ⋅ 1 Comment ...
Pancoast Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
... with destructive lesions of the thoracic inlet and involvement of the brachial plexus and cervical sympathetic nerves (stellate ... Pancoasts syndrome) is characterized by a malignant neoplasm of the superior sulcus of the lung (lung cancer) ... or third rib. In a review of 60 patients with Pancoast tumors, Maggi et al found radiographic evidence of rib erosion in 50%; ... Pancoast syndrome (Pancoasts syndrome) typically results when a malignant neoplasm of the superior sulcus of the lung leads to ...
IMSEAR at SEARO: A Case Report of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome with Vascular Complications due to Cervical Rib.
... indication for cervical rib and or first rib resection.1 We report the case of a young woman having a left sided cervical rib. ... A Case Report of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome with Vascular Complications due to Cervical Rib. ... A Case Report of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome with Vascular Complications due to Cervical Rib. Cardiovascular Journal. 2014; 7(1): ... Surgical resection of the cervical rib was performed uneventfully through a supraclavicular approach which resulted in complete ...
Horner Syndrome: Overview, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
Horners syndrome) results from an interruption of the sympathetic nerve supply to the eye and is characterized by the classic ... The term Horner syndrome is commonly used in English-speaking countries, whereas the term Ber... ... Neck trauma (eg, traumatic dislocation of cervical vertebrae or traumatic dissection of the vertebral artery) - Horner syndrome ... whereas the term Bernard-Horner syndrome is common in France. Von Passow syndrome is an association of Horner syndrome with ...
Vibration Syndrome (83-110) | NIOSH | CDC
... the Institute concludes that vibrating hand tools can cause vibration syndrome, a condition also known as vibration white ... c. Frostbite and immersion syndrome. To Proximal Vessels by Compression. a. Thoracic outlet syndrome (cervical rib, scalenus ... Table 1. Stages of Vibration Syndrome. Stages of Vibration Syndrome. Stage. Condition of Fingers. Work and Social Interference ... Appendix I: Clinical Aspects of Vibration Syndrome. The physiological cause of vibration syndrome is not known.27 Vibration may ...
Orphanet: Search a disease
Neurogenic cervical rib syndrome. *Neurogenic costoclavicular syndrome. *Neurogenic thoracic outlet compression syndrome ... Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) is a form of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS; see this term) that presents with pain, ... Differential diagnoses include arterial and venous TOS (see these terms), cervical radiculopathy, carpal tunnel syndrome or any ... Radiographs may identify compressive sources including an elongated C7 transverse process or anomalous first rib. ...
Plus it
2018) Transaxillary decompression of thoracic outlet syndrome patients presenting with cervical ribs. J Vasc Surg 68:1143-1149. ... 2007b) Differentiation of thoracic outlet syndrome from treatment-resistant cervical brachial pain syndromes: development and ... neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. SMB. scalene muscle block. TA. tibialis anterior. TOS. thoracic outlet syndrome. ... 2012) A review of thoracic outlet syndrome and the possible role of botulinum toxin in the treatment of this syndrome. Toxins ( ...
NECK RIB SYNDROME - CAUSES, SYMPTOMS & TREATMENT - DISEASES
It is also known as the scale syndrome. ... The neck rib syndrome is one of the bottleneck syndromes. ... The excess cervical rib exerts pressure in cervical rib syndrome. Furthermore, thickenings or changes in shape of the first rib ... In medicine, the cervical rib syndrome is also called Scale syndrome or Naffziger Syndrome designated. What is meant is ... Excess cervical ribs are one of the most common causes of cervical rib syndrome. In addition to bony structures, muscles with ...
Aortic Branch Aneurysms - Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders - Merck Manuals Consumer Version
... cervical rib) or thoracic outlet syndrome Thoracic Outlet Syndromes (TOS) Thoracic outlet syndromes are a group of disorders ... Surgery for subclavian artery aneurysms may involve removal of a cervical rib (if present) from the upper chest before repair ... sometimes occur in people with an extra rib located in the neck area ( ...
OUH - Publications
An unusual case of the syndrome of cervical rib with subclavian artery thrombosis and cerebellar and cerebral infarctions. BMC ... Reversed Robin Hood syndrome visualized by CT perfusion. Radiol Case Rep, 16 (4), 884-887. DOI 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.01.047, ... Legumain in Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Substudy of the PLATO (Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes) Trial. J Am Heart ... Increased expression of NAMPT in PBMC from patients with acute coronary syndrome and in inflammatory M1 macrophages. ...
Code System Concept
Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome due to cervical rib (disorder). Code System Preferred Concept Name. Arterial thoracic outlet ... Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome due to cervical rib Active Synonym false false ... Thoracic outlet syndrome, either nerve or vessel compression, due to a cervical rib.. ...
Pancoast Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
... with destructive lesions of the thoracic inlet and involvement of the brachial plexus and cervical sympathetic nerves (stellate ... Pancoasts syndrome) is characterized by a malignant neoplasm of the superior sulcus of the lung (lung cancer) ... or third rib. In a review of 60 patients with Pancoast tumors, Maggi et al found radiographic evidence of rib erosion in 50%; ... Pancoast syndrome (Pancoasts syndrome) typically results when a malignant neoplasm of the superior sulcus of the lung leads to ...
The Rib-Roll Stretch for Thoracic Spine Mobility
... shoulder impingement syndrome, cervical pain, carpal tunnel problems, and hip pain. ... The rib roll is a wonderful way to introduce movement into the lives of more people. You will find it to be one of your primary ... The Rib-Roll Stretch for Thoracic Spine Mobility. By Perry Nickelston, DC, FMS, SFMA. Decreased thoracic spine rotation may ... Go full cervical rotation to comfort level.. *Cue leading with the posterior shoulder. Almost like trying to touch the top ...
Cervical Transverse Mega-apophysis: A Rare Cause of Plexopathy
Minimally invasive resection of symptomatic cervical rib for treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome. World Neurosurg 2020;139: ... Cervical rib synostosis to the first rib: a rare anatomic variation. World Neurosurg 2020;10(138):187-192. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu. ... Another congenital cervical skeletal anomaly that is mandatory to differentiate is the cervical rib. This entity varies in ... We present a rare case of a man with a neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome with left plexopathy caused by a cervical transverse ...
Neurologic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Medication: Analgesics, Other, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), Opioid...
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is complex clinical entity characterized by various neurovascular signs and symptoms of the ... Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Associated With a Large Cervical Rib. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2009 Jun 24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Thoracic outlet syndrome. Results of 282 transaxillary first rib resections. Clin Orthop. 1999 Nov. (368):66-79. [QxMD MEDLINE ... encoded search term (Neurologic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome) and Neurologic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome What to Read Next on Medscape ...
Vascular & Peripheral
Vascular
What is the cause of radioradial and radiofemoral delay?
Cardiothoracic
Thoracic outlet syndrome - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
... causes symptoms including pain or numbness due to pressure on the blood vessels or nerves between the collarbone and rib. ... may include an extra rib located above the first rib (cervical rib) or an abnormally tight fibrous band connecting your spine ... Venous thoracic outlet syndrome. This type of thoracic outlet syndrome occurs when one or more of the veins under the ... There are three general types of thoracic outlet syndrome:. *Neurogenic (neurologic) thoracic outlet syndrome. This most common ...
Happle-Tinschert syndrome: Report of a newly delineated entity - Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
Happle-Tinschert syndrome: Report of a newly delineated entity ... cervical rib, widening of paravertebral segments of ribs, ... Gorlin syndrome (naevoid BCC syndrome), Bazex Dupre-Christol syndrome, Apert′s syndrome, nevus comedonicus syndrome and ... 1],[4],[5] There was no evidence of cervical rib on X-ray. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was normal. ... Lesions of this syndrome should not be confused with generalized basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome or other forms of ...
Thoracic outlet anatomy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image
This can happen when there is an extra cervical rib or because of a ... Thoracic outlet syndrome is a rare condition that occurs when there is compression of vessels and nerves in the area of the ... Thoracic outlet syndrome is a rare condition that occurs when there is compression of vessels and nerves in the area of the ... This can happen when there is an extra cervical rib or because of a tight fibrous band that connects the spinal vertebra to the ...
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome I Ohio State Medical Center
Learn more about Thoracic outlet syndrome here at Ohio State. ... Thoracic outlet syndrome refers to pressure against the blood ... Almost all arterial thoracic outlet syndrome cases occur as a secondary effect of being born with an extra rib (cervical rib) ... Thoracic outlet syndrome decompression surgery involves removing certain muscles from your neck or removing your first rib, and ... Thoracic outlet syndrome can be caused by a variety of factors. Each type of thoracic outlet syndrome has a different cause: * ...
Pancoast tumour presenting as shoulder pain with Horner's syndrome | BMJ Case Reports
... pneumothorax and fracture of the first rib or cervical rib.3 Pancoast tumours often show subtle changes on plain radiographs, ... Horners syndrome is the result of an interruption to the cervical sympathetic innervation of the eye.1 This constellation of ... paraesthesia along the medial arm and forearm and a preganglionic Horners syndrome is called Pancoast syndrome.3 The most ... Horners syndrome due to damage to the preganglionic neuron of the oculosympathetic pathway. Huber A , ed. Symphathetics and ...
Q76.5 - ICD-10 Code for Cervical rib - Billable
DeCS
... of the population and can put pressure on adjacent structures causing CERVICAL RIB SYNDROME; THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME; or other ... Cervical Rib - Preferred Concept UI. M0534239. Scope note. A supernumerary rib developing from an abnormal enlargement of the ... of the population and can put pressure on adjacent structures causing CERVICAL RIB SYNDROME; THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME; or other ... A supernumerary rib developing from an abnormal enlargement of the costal element of the C7 vertebra. This anomaly is found in ...
Buy cheap Bactexina online no RX - Quality Bactexina
Associated bony congenital anomalies include Klippel-Feil syndrome, fused ribs, cervical ribs, congenital scoliosis, cervical ... Place the pores and skin incision for the portal over a rib to enable the portal to be positioned above and below the rib (two ... Associated anomalies embody Klippel-Feil syndrome, rib deformities, omovertebral bone formation, muscle anomalies, clavicle ... The scapula in Sprengel deformity could also be hooked up to the decrease cervical vertebrae (usually C6) by an abnormal band ...
DeCS 2016 - June 12, 2016 version
Naffziger Syndrome use Cervical Rib Syndrome Naffziger Syndromes use Cervical Rib Syndrome ... Naffzigers Syndrome use Cervical Rib Syndrome Naffzigers Syndromes use Cervical Rib Syndrome ... Nail Syndromes, Yellow use Yellow Nail Syndrome Nail Whitener (Mechanical and Chemical Types) use Products for Nails and ... N WASP Protein use Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal N WASP Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome Protein use Wiskott-Aldrich ...
Conditions | Society for Vascular Surgery
Scalene Anticus Syndrome, Cervical Rib, Subclavian Vein Thrombosis ... Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (VEDS, EDS-IV), Marfan Syndrome (MFS), Loeys-Dietz Syndrome (LDS), Familial Thoracic Aortic ... Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. Thoracic Outlet Decompression, TOS, TOD, nTOS, vTOS, aTOS, Paget-Schroetter Syndrome, Subclavian ... arm arterial disease, arm claudication, steal syndrome, peripheral vascular disease, upper extremity arterial disease ...
4 Vascular Lesions | Radiology Key
4.9a-c Thoracic outlet syndrome. Coronal image (a) shows bilateral cervical ribs that impress on the subclavian arteries, as ... Cervical ribs or fibrous bands located adjacent to the subclavian artery, subclavian vein, and/or brachial plexus. ... Causes of the compression include cervical ribs, fibrous bands, hypertrophy, and anomalies involving the scalene muscles. ... 4.7a, b Sturge-Weber syndrome. Postcontrast axial images show dilated enhancing medullary and ependymal veins. Fig. 4.8a, b ...
FracturesVertebraeNeckCongenitalFusion of ribsAnatomyFractureCarpalAnomalousBilateralThoracic outlet syndromeSymptoms of thoracic outlet sSternumTight fibrous bandDiagnosisHaving an extra ribCollarboneLumbarAnomaliesTransverse processVertebraVenous thoracic outlet sArterial thoracic outlet sSpinalMusclesPostureOccurrenceCostoclavicularCompression of the brachial plexusLeft sidedRadiographDifferent types of thoracic outlet sShoulderImpingementMusculoskeletalType of thoracic outlet sTreatment for thoracic outlet sOccurPainClinicalPrevalenceScaleneBrachial plexusStructuresSurgicalUpper ribsFingersNumbness2021Neurogenic thoracic outlet sOccursSecond ribVertebral arterySubclavian arteryTransaxillary approachDisorderChronicBlood vessels
Fractures6
- Some medical conditions, particularly fractures, lacerations, costoclavicular syndrome, connective tissue diseases, vascular disorders such as Buerger's disease, generalized atherosclerosis, or a long history of high blood pressure, may result in the same signs and symptoms as primary Raynaud's phenomenon. (cdc.gov)
- It can be Effective for Desk to My Symptom of the Lumbar Spine, Inter-vertebral Disc Syndrome, Rib Fractures, Osteoarthritis. (moglix.com)
- He sustained an incomplete T10-T11 spinal cord injury, multiple rib fractures, a tension pneumothorax, and a splenic injury. (cdc.gov)
- Multiple right-sided anterolateral rib fractures: 2-7th ribs. (radiopaedia.org)
- Multiple left-sided rib fractures: 1 st rib posteriorly, 2nd and 3rd ribs anteriorly and 6th-10th ribs laterally. (radiopaedia.org)
- There is marked displacement of the inferior rib fractures with herniation of small and large bowel into the left lateral thoracic and abdominal wall. (radiopaedia.org)
Vertebrae4
- The scalenus gap is located between the ribs and the cervical vertebrae, in which the musculus scalenus medius and the musculus scalenus anterior are accommodated. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
- Adjacent ribs and vertebrae. (medscape.com)
- A syndrome characterised by a low hairline and a shortened neck resulting from a reduced number of vertebrae or the fusion of multiple hemivertebrae into one osseous mass. (musc.edu)
- A 28-year-old man with 15 years' riding experience was thrown to the ground while riding a bull and suffered a fracture of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae and an incomplete * spinal cord injury. (cdc.gov)
Neck18
- Frontal radiograph of the neck reveals bilateral ribs articulating with the C7 transverse processes. (radiologypics.com)
- Cervical ribs are on the differential diagnosis for neck pain, and can be a cause of thoracic outlet syndrome. (radiologypics.com)
- This point can become a bottleneck if a second neck rib is located there. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
- In this way, additional neck ribs can be identified in the pictures. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
- Thoracic Outlet Syndromes (TOS) Thoracic outlet syndromes are a group of disorders caused by pressure on nerves, arteries, or large veins as they pass between the neck and chest. (merckmanuals.com)
- Use a cervical spine support to maintain a comfortable line with a "packed (neutral) neck. (dynamicchiropractic.com)
- Venous thoracic outlet syndrome - Symptoms include swelling, dark discoloration of the arm and neck pain. (osu.edu)
- Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome - Your specialist may prescribe physical therapy, which includes stretching and neck-strengthening exercises. (osu.edu)
- Thoracic outlet syndrome decompression surgery involves removing certain muscles from your neck or removing your first rib, and sometimes it's necessary to remove both. (osu.edu)
- Review of the evidence underpinning the practice of HVLA thrust manipulation and its effectiveness (and limitations) in the management of cervicogenic headaches, idiopathic neck pain, whiplash associated disorder, post-partum pelvic pain, sacroiliac joint dysfunction, and facet and rib syndromes of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and four spinal junctional zones. (spinalmanipulation.org)
- associated with the cervical spine often become inhibited and fail to do their job of supporting the head and neck. (thekineticchain.com)
- Treatment to the cervical spine requires facilitation of these deep muscles in the neck as well as correction of any faulty posturing or movement patterns involving the spine, shoulder girdle and trunk. (thekineticchain.com)
- Degenerative disc disease can take place throughout the spine, but it most often occurs in the discs in the lower back (lumbar region) and the neck (cervical region). (thekineticchain.com)
- ii) People born with a 'cervical rib' (extra rib in the neck) are 10 times more likely to develop TOS. (londonpainclinic.com)
- Sometimes, TOS is caused from tightness in the muscles of your neck and chest, other times the space between your first rib and collarbone is too small. (colepaintherapygroup.com)
- People who have an extra rib (cervical rib) and people who have recently suffered a neck injury may have a greater chance of having this problem. (colepaintherapygroup.com)
- We have seen TOS occur from sports injuries, car accidents, pregnancy, repetitive stress, poor posture, or anatomical variants such as an additional rib in the cervical (neck) region. (axisspineandsport.com)
- Thoracic Outlet Syndrome can be identified by a few defining symptoms that you may experience including shoulder and/or neck pain, tinging, numbness, or weakness in the arm and hand, pale coloration of the fingers, and lack of endurance in the muscles of the arm. (axisspineandsport.com)
Congenital4
- Congenital cervical skeletal anomalies are not frequent. (ijhns.com)
- Inherited defects that are present at birth (congenital) may include an extra rib located above the first rib (cervical rib) or an abnormally tight fibrous band connecting your spine to your rib. (mayoclinic.org)
- Larsen syndrome (LS), also called Autosomal Dominant Larsen syndrome , [1] is a rare autosomal dominant [2] congenital disorder that occurs in about every 1 in 100,000 people. (wikidoc.org)
- The thoracic outlet syndrome is primarily considered a result of injury, disease or a congenital abnormality. (londonpainclinic.com)
Fusion of ribs1
- Fusion of Ribs -- Index. (nshealth.ca)
Anatomy2
Fracture1
- 1) Additional contributing factors include osseous overgrowth of a prior clavicle or first rib fracture and a history of trauma. (colepaintherapygroup.com)
Carpal3
- Differential diagnoses include arterial and venous TOS (see these terms), cervical radiculopathy, carpal tunnel syndrome or any disorder involving nerve fibers derived from C8 or T1 nerve roots such as cubital tunnel syndrome. (orpha.net)
- Suggested conditions conducive to effective use of the rib roll include elbow tendinitis, shoulder impingement syndrome, cervical pain, carpal tunnel problems, and hip pain. (dynamicchiropractic.com)
- TOS is commonly confused with a condition known as carpal tunnel syndrome. (oranochiropractic.com)
Anomalous2
- Radiographs may identify compressive sources including an elongated C7 transverse process or anomalous first rib. (orpha.net)
- Arterial TOS is caused by occlusion of the subclavian artery from stenosis, aneurysm, embolus, or compression from a cervical rib or anomalous first rib. (colepaintherapygroup.com)
Bilateral3
- Bilateral cervical ribs were seen in 17(34.0%) patients. (msjonline.org)
- Cervical ribs are present in approximately 1% of the population and are bilateral in 80% of cases. (colepaintherapygroup.com)
- Patients typically have unilateral or bilateral enlarged, firm, and mobile regional lymph nodes in the axillary, supraclavicular, or cervical areas. (logicalimages.com)
Thoracic outlet syndrome1
- Common causes of thoracic outlet syndrome include physical trauma from a car accident, repetitive injuries from job- or sports-related activities, certain anatomical defects (such as having an extra rib), and pregnancy. (mayoclinic.org)
Symptoms of thoracic outlet s2
- See your doctor if you consistently experience any of the signs and symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome. (mayoclinic.org)
- What are the Symptoms of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome? (askapollo.com)
Sternum2
- With the exception of the vertebral ribs, they are connected to the sternum by costal cartilages. (unboundmedicine.com)
- The patch always overlies bone, typically the ribs or sternum, though it has been seen over the clavicle, scapula, and skull. (logicalimages.com)
Tight fibrous band1
- This can happen when there is an extra cervical rib or because of a tight fibrous band that connects the spinal vertebra to the rib. (medlineplus.gov)
Diagnosis9
- A positive response to scalene muscle block (SMB) is an important indication for the diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome. (aspetjournals.org)
- SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Muscle block is important for the diagnosis and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome and commonly performed with lidocaine. (aspetjournals.org)
- The differential diagnosis is also important because the cervical rib syndrome must be differentiated from other thoracic outlet syndromes. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
- Q76.5 is a valid billable ICD-10 diagnosis code for Cervical rib . (icd10coded.com)
- They show how these radiographs helped in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, or abdominal syndromes. (drdavidwarwickblog.com)
- He is an expert in the diagnosis and treatment of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome and he was the first surgeon to perform endovenous (keyhole) surgery for varicose veins in the UK. (doctify.com)
- The neurogenic-arterial thoracic outlet syndrome section covers how to diagnosis the illness using the proper tests, therefore eliminating the use of expensive, uncomfortable and inconvenient tests. (nshealth.ca)
- A list of the useful tests is provided to make a correct diagnosis of this syndrome. (nshealth.ca)
- The second section involves the venous thoracic outlet syndrome divided into the corresponding subsections comprising: symptoms and physical findings, etiology, diagnosis. (nshealth.ca)
Having an extra rib1
- Firstly, having an extra rib on your cervical spine (Yes, this is true! (acupunctureturningpoint.ca)
Collarbone6
- The thoracic outlet is the space between your collarbone (clavicle) and your first rib. (mayoclinic.org)
- Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a group of disorders that occur when blood vessels or nerves in the space between your collarbone and your first rib (thoracic outlet) are compressed. (mayoclinic.org)
- This type of thoracic outlet syndrome occurs when one or more of the veins under the collarbone (clavicle) are compressed, resulting in blood clots. (mayoclinic.org)
- Thoracic outlet syndrome is usually caused by compression of the nerves or blood vessels in the thoracic outlet, just under your collarbone (clavicle). (mayoclinic.org)
- TOS occurs when blood vessels or nerves are compressed between your collarbone and top rib, leading to pain and numbness. (oranochiropractic.com)
- The brachial plexus can become compressed by the collarbone, surrounding muscles or a cervical rib (this is an extra rib that some people are born with). (oranochiropractic.com)
Lumbar1
- Provide Maximum Support from Weak, Unstable Spine(Lumbar, Thoracic & Cervical) & Immobilizes. (moglix.com)
Anomalies3
- Duplication of intracranial or cervical arteries is an infrequent type of vascular variant compared with anomalies involving other intracranial arteries. (radiologykey.com)
- Merks JH, Smets AM, Van Rijn RR, Kobes J, Caron HN, Maas M. Prevalence of rib anomalies in normal Caucasian children and childhood cancer patients. (msjonline.org)
- Schumacher R, Mai A, Gutjahr P. Association of rib anomalies and malignancy in childhood. (msjonline.org)
Transverse process1
- The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of cervical ribs and elongated transverse process in the Kashmiri population. (msjonline.org)
Vertebra3
- The tumor may invade the bony structures of the chest, including the first or second thoracic vertebra or the first, second, or third rib. (medscape.com)
- A supernumerary rib developing from an abnormal enlargement of the costal element of the C7 vertebra. (bvsalud.org)
- A 2011 case study of a 60-year-old man who had suffered from TOS for seven years without receiving treatment reported that spinal adjustments to the first cervical vertebra (the atlas ) alone reduced his symptoms after just one chiropractic visit. (oranochiropractic.com)
Venous thoracic outlet s3
- Venous thoracic outlet syndrome may be caused by repetitive or strenuous use of the arm and shoulder. (osu.edu)
- Venous thoracic outlet syndrome - Your specialist may prescribe clot-dissolving medication (thrombolysis) or anticoagulants (blood thinners). (osu.edu)
- Venous thoracic outlet syndrome - Your surgeon may need to remove the blood clot surgically from your vein. (osu.edu)
Arterial thoracic outlet s7
- Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by a narrowing of the main artery to the arm. (osu.edu)
- Almost all arterial thoracic outlet syndrome cases occur as a secondary effect of being born with an extra rib (cervical rib) or an abnormal first rib. (osu.edu)
- The danger with arterial thoracic outlet syndrome is that it leads to blood clots that can block the circulation to your hand. (osu.edu)
- Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome - Symptoms include pain, discoloration and coldness in the hand. (osu.edu)
- Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome - This type can't be treated with medication. (osu.edu)
- Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome - Surgery is the only treatment option for arterial thoracic outlet syndrome. (osu.edu)
- Symptoms of Neurogenic-Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome -- 2. (nshealth.ca)
Spinal2
- In tight filum terminale syndrome, the spinal cord is tightly tethered. (healthrising.org)
- Wow, what a story is behind this short filum terminale and the 'tethered spinal cord syndrome. (healthrising.org)
Muscles3
- In addition to bony structures, muscles that are hypertrophied are also responsible for the occurrence of cervical rib syndrome. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
- The compression can be triggered by a cervical rib, hypertrophy of scalene muscles or disruptive ligament structures. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
- When they do surgery to decompress your thoracic outlet they cut the muscles that lift the rib up into the outlet (anterior scalene muscle and middle scalene muscle and the rib. (thoracicoutletsyndrome.com)
Posture2
- Poor posture, especially upper crossed syndrome, is a predisposing factor for all mechanical forms of TOS. (colepaintherapygroup.com)
- Regardless if you have a work injury, auto accident, sports injury, repetitive motion, poor posture, or even cervical ribs, there is usually only one cause of your thoracic outlet syndrome, compression. (thoracicoutletsyndrome.com)
Occurrence3
- However, existing data are insufficient to recommend a safe duration and intensity of exposure or specific work practices that will prevent the occurrence of vibration syndrome. (cdc.gov)
- Thus it is concluded that in the populations with higher rates of consanguinity, there is high probability of occurrence of cervical ribs because of HOX gene mutations. (msjonline.org)
- Certain unique facts have been observed regarding the occurrence of the thoracic outlet syndrome. (londonpainclinic.com)
Costoclavicular3
- Costoclavicular" compression happens between the first rib and clavicle. (colepaintherapygroup.com)
- Anatomical predisposing factors for costoclavicular TOS include tightening or thickening of the fascial band that connects the first rib to the clavicle, and the presence of a cervical rib (3). (colepaintherapygroup.com)
- Although cervical ribs can be a causative factor for costoclavicular TOS, less than 10% of patients with cervical ribs will experience TOS complaints. (colepaintherapygroup.com)
Compression of the brachial plexus3
- Thoracic outlet syndrome can be classified as neurological in which compression of the brachial plexus causes symptoms, or vascular in which compression of the subclavian vessels causes symptoms. (radiologypics.com)
- A compression of the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery is responsible for the cervical rib syndrome. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
- This most common type of thoracic outlet syndrome is characterized by compression of the brachial plexus. (mayoclinic.org)
Left sided1
- Treatment is initially conservative but persistence of significant symptoms, which occurs in approximately 5% of patients with diagnosed TOS, is an indication for cervical rib and or first rib resection.1 We report the case of a young woman having a left sided cervical rib. (who.int)
Radiograph1
- In this review article, Owens identifies the chiropractic techniques used to assess the structure of the cervical spine as seen on the static cervical radiograph. (drdavidwarwickblog.com)
Different types of thoracic outlet s2
- It's possible to have a mix of the three different types of thoracic outlet syndrome, with multiple parts of the thoracic outlet being compressed. (mayoclinic.org)
- Our team uses different tests to diagnose the different types of thoracic outlet syndrome. (osu.edu)
Shoulder5
- Typical symptoms of cervical rib syndrome include neuralgiform pain that occurs in the arm and shoulder. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
- Carcinomas in the superior pulmonary sulcus produce Pancoast syndrome, thus causing pain in the shoulder and along the ulnar nerve distribution of the arm and hand. (medscape.com)
- This instability can result in nerve pain, headaches, chronic shoulder pain, Tinnitus, muscle spasms, fatigue, Temporo-mandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMJ/TMD) and many other syndromes and pain patterns. (thekineticchain.com)
- Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a condition caused by compression of the bundle of nerves and arteries that passes through the shoulder. (axisspineandsport.com)
- A nerve that is pinched , as it exits the cervical spine, can produce shoulder pain. (tebbyclinic.com)
Impingement1
- In any compression syndrome, impingement becomes bad enough you start to notice numbness. (acupunctureturningpoint.ca)
Musculoskeletal1
- It's no wonder there are rampant increases in chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes. (dynamicchiropractic.com)
Type of thoracic outlet s2
Treatment for thoracic outlet s1
- Treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome usually involves physical therapy and pain relief measures. (mayoclinic.org)
Occur6
- Workers tend to underreport the syndrome because symptoms are intermittent and occur most frequently under conditions not present in a doctor's office (e.g., early in the morning or when the hands are cold or wet). (cdc.gov)
- To be diagnosed as vibration syndrome, these neurologic symptoms must be more persistent and occur without provocation by immediate exposure to vibration. (cdc.gov)
- This is characterized by neurovascular compression syndromes that occur in the upper chest (thorax). (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
- The last section of this text is dedicated to the presence of cervical ribs and their classification of the different types that occur, and also the proper surgical treatment when fusion of the upper ribs is present. (nshealth.ca)
- KFS can occur along with other types of birth defects , and sometimes KFS occurs as a feature of another disorder or syndrome. (rareimmunology.com)
- Primary HPT can also occur in familial syndromes, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1), MEN 2A, hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome, and familial isolated primary HPT, which seems to be an early stage of MEN 1 or HPT-JT. (eurekaselect.com)
Pain16
- Pain under right rib. (patient.info)
- She ask how i had been feeling I told her the Only way i could explain it was the gas is not completly gone but better BUT i have pain under my right rib like someone stuck a sock under it. (patient.info)
- Ive been have pain under my right rib, ive had that feeling like i have a ball stuck inder there on and of for maybe a yr or two. (patient.info)
- Other symptoms of vibration syndrome include blanching, pain, and flushing. (cdc.gov)
- Even though some authors describe cervical pain associated with this condition, we found very few data regarding plexopathy or other neurological symptoms caused by a cervical transverse apophysomegaly. (ijhns.com)
- The patient does not present cervical pain. (ijhns.com)
- Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome - Symptoms include pain, numbness and weakness in your arm or hand. (osu.edu)
- Keeping in mind the high prevalence of cervical rib, patients with unexplained cervical pain need to be evaluated for this entity. (msjonline.org)
- Compression of these tissues causes a condition called "thoracic outlet syndrome" which results in pain, numbness or tingling in your arm. (colepaintherapygroup.com)
- Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is characterized by upper extremity pain or paresthesia caused by occlusion, compression, injury or irritation to the neurovascular structures traversing the thoracic outlet. (colepaintherapygroup.com)
- The client often has shooting pain down the arm and/or numbness and tingling in the hand and wrist, which can be confused and misdiagnosed with carpel tunnel syndrome if the symptoms are isolated to the fingers only. (acupunctureturningpoint.ca)
- Hose with nonspecific-type thoracic outlet syndrome suffer from chronic pain in the thoracic outlet area which worsens with physical activity. (askapollo.com)
- The more common indications include complex regional pain syndrome of the upper extremity and face and vascular disorders. (medscape.com)
- Sympathetically maintained pain occurs in a variety conditions such as upper extremity or facial complex regional pain syndrome type I and II (formerly named regional sympathetic dystrophy [type I] and causalgia [type II]), vascular pain conditions, Raynaud's disease, and refractory angina. (medscape.com)
- 10551 ='Rib pain' 10552 ='Side pain, flank pain' 10553 ='Groin pain' 10554 ='Facial pain' 10600 ='Pain and related symptoms, generalize. (cdc.gov)
- Strengthening the hip external rotators and hip extensors, for example, is a key component in the rehabilitation of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. (thestudentphysicaltherapist.com)
Clinical4
- Hooper TL, Denton J, McGalliard MK, Brismée JM, Sizer PS Jr. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a controversial clinical condition. (medscape.com)
- Consequently, many doctors do not perform the appropriate clinical examination and interview to test for vibration syndrome. (cdc.gov)
- Roentgenologic manifestations and clinical symptoms of rib abnormalities. (msjonline.org)
- Filum terminale disease and fibromyalgia syndrome share common clinical features in at least one subset of patients. (healthrising.org)
Prevalence4
- A comprehensive study recently completed by NIOSH demonstrates the seriousness of vibration syndrome in workers and provides an accurate measure of the prevalence of vibration syndrome. (cdc.gov)
- Prevalence of cervical rib and C7 transversomegaly is high in Kashmiri population. (msjonline.org)
- Brewin J, Hill M, Ellis H. The prevalence of cervical ribs in a London population. (msjonline.org)
- The prevalence of cervical rib in Anatolian population. (msjonline.org)
Scalene3
- With a scalene syndrome, for example, the wrist pulse can no longer be felt if the head is stretched backwards, the patient turns to the painful side and inhales at the same time. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
- scalene syndrome. (medicosnotes.com)
- We completely detach the anterior scalene muscle from the first rib as well as from the subclavian vein, artery, and attachments to the fascia beneath the subclavian artery, vein and brachial plexus. (hyderabadvascularcenter.com)
Brachial plexus3
- Pancoast syndrome (Pancoast's syndrome) typically results when a malignant neoplasm of the superior sulcus of the lung leads to destructive lesions of the thoracic inlet and involvement of the brachial plexus and cervical sympathetic nerves (stellate ganglion). (medscape.com)
- Our hypothesis was that the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus was compressed between the left C7 transverse mega-apophysis and the first left costal arch causing a neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. (ijhns.com)
- TOS is a compression syndrome too, but of the Brachial Plexus which is found deep in the clavicle (collar bone). (acupunctureturningpoint.ca)
Structures3
- Compression of neurovascular structures in these spaces by cervical ribs causes thoracic outlet syndrome. (radiologypics.com)
- Therefore in the absence of something like a fractured rib or collar bone it may be possible to relax and stretch the muscular structures around the nerves and make the symptoms go away. (hyderabadvascularcenter.com)
- The way we go about treating such syndromes is by taking time to work all the structures. (acupunctureturningpoint.ca)
Surgical2
- Surgical resection of the cervical rib was performed uneventfully through a supraclavicular approach which resulted in complete relief of her symptoms. (who.int)
- It has been our experience that surgical removal of the first rib along with muscular and connective tissue which compresses the vein from the outside provides the best chance of returning normal venous drainage to the affected arm. (hyderabadvascularcenter.com)
Upper ribs1
- In some cases, cervical rib syndrome is caused by an exostosis or a steep incline of the upper ribs. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
Fingers2
Numbness1
- Temporary tingling or numbness during or soon after use of a vibrating hand tool is not considered vibration syndrome. (cdc.gov)
20211
- 2021. https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/759807/all/vertebrocostal_rib. (unboundmedicine.com)
Neurogenic thoracic outlet s4
- This article aims to describe the case of a 43-year-old male with a neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome caused by a C7 transverse mega-apophysis. (ijhns.com)
- We present a rare case of a man with a neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (in this case, a left plexopathy) caused by a cervical transverse mega-apophysis. (ijhns.com)
- Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome often has no specific cause but develops gradually over time. (osu.edu)
- Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome - If your condition interferes with daily living activities and does not improve with medication and therapy, your physician may recommend surgery. (osu.edu)
Occurs4
- The frequency with which the cervical rib syndrome occurs could not be determined. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
- Thoracic outlet syndrome occurs when there is pressure against the blood vessels or nerves in your thoracic outlet. (osu.edu)
- Thoracic outlet syndrome is a rare condition that occurs when there is compression of vessels and nerves in the area of the clavicle. (medlineplus.gov)
- When this damage occurs as a result of a person's occupation, symptoms may be called "working hand syndrome. (sleepfoundation.org)
Second rib2
- an almost equal percentage demonstrated involvement of the first or second rib, and 20% had involvement of the third rib. (medscape.com)
- This showed a 5.1 cm right apical Pancoast tumour with infiltration of the posterior right second rib, T1 vertebral body and right T2 neural foramina ( figures 2 and 3 ). (bmj.com)
Vertebral artery2
- These are commonly reported ad being associated with Chiari, and with vertebral artery syndrome. (healthrising.org)
- The inferior (serpentine) thyroid artery lies anterior to the vertebral artery at the seventh cervical level. (medscape.com)
Subclavian artery2
- In the advanced stage of the cervical rib syndrome, small blood clots are also possible due to narrowing of the subclavian artery. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
- Caused by disease in the artery to the arm (subclavian artery), this type is very rare and comprises only 1% of all thoracic outlet syndrome cases. (osu.edu)
Transaxillary approach1
- We remove the first rib through a transaxillary approach (under the arm pit) as described by Dr. Roos. (hyderabadvascularcenter.com)
Disorder2
- Thoracic outlet syndrome is generally a benign mechanical disorder, but two potentially threatening vascular origins should be excluded. (colepaintherapygroup.com)
- AESOP syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome associated with an underlying plasma cell disorder. (logicalimages.com)
Chronic1
- Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is not a life-threatening disease, but if it is left untreated, it can surely cause certain chronic complications. (askapollo.com)
Blood vessels3
- The exact location at which the blood vessels are narrowed by the syndrome can be shown with a sonography (ultrasound examination). (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
- Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is the term used to describe symptoms produced from the compression of nerves or blood vessels running through the thoracic outlet. (londonpainclinic.com)
- All doctors agree that thoracic outlet syndrome is a compression of the outlet and tunnel where the blood vessels and nerves pass. (thoracicoutletsyndrome.com)