Cerebrospinal fluid. Medical search

A watery fluid that is continuously produced in the CHOROID PLEXUS and circulates around the surface of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and in the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.

Proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid, normally albumin and globulin present in the ratio of 8 to 1. Increases in protein levels are of diagnostic value in neurological diseases. (Brain and Bannister's Clinical Neurology, 7th ed, p221)

Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Common etiologies include trauma, neoplasms, and prior surgery, although the condition may occur spontaneously. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997 Apr;116(4):442-9)

Manometric pressure of the CEREBROSPINAL FLUID as measured by lumbar, cerebroventricular, or cisternal puncture. Within the cranial cavity it is called INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE.

Tubes inserted to create communication between a cerebral ventricle and the internal jugular vein. Their emplacement permits draining of cerebrospinal fluid for relief of hydrocephalus or other condition leading to fluid accumulation in the ventricles.

Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)

Tapping fluid from the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region, usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae.

Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the external auditory meatus or through the eustachian tube into the nasopharynx. This is usually associated with CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE involving the TEMPORAL BONE;), NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; or other conditions, but may rarely occur spontaneously. (From Am J Otol 1995 Nov;16(6):765-71)

Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots.

Viral infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space. TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RUBELLA; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORBIVIRUS infections; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RHABDOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; JC VIRUS infections; and RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS may cause this form of meningitis. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, neck pain, vomiting, PHOTOPHOBIA, and signs of meningeal irritation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp1-3)

Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium which may be associated with dilation of cerebral ventricles, INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; HEADACHE; lethargy; URINARY INCONTINENCE; and ATAXIA.

A syndrome characterized by headache, neck stiffness, low grade fever, and CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis in the absence of an acute bacterial pathogen. Viral meningitis is the most frequent cause although MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS; diagnostic or therapeutic procedures; NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES; septic perimeningeal foci; and other conditions may result in this syndrome. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p745)

A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9)

An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111)

A villous structure of tangled masses of BLOOD VESSELS contained within the third, lateral, and fourth ventricles of the BRAIN. It regulates part of the production and composition of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID.

An inflammatory process involving the brain (ENCEPHALITIS) and meninges (MENINGITIS), most often produced by pathogenic organisms which invade the central nervous system, and occasionally by toxins, autoimmune disorders, and other conditions.

The space between the arachnoid membrane and PIA MATER, filled with CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. It contains large blood vessels that supply the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD.

Infections of the central nervous system caused by TREPONEMA PALLIDUM which present with a variety of clinical syndromes. The initial phase of infection usually causes a mild or asymptomatic meningeal reaction. The meningovascular form may present acutely as BRAIN INFARCTION. The infection may also remain subclinical for several years. Late syndromes include general paresis; TABES DORSALIS; meningeal syphilis; syphilitic OPTIC ATROPHY; and spinal syphilis. General paresis is characterized by progressive DEMENTIA; DYSARTHRIA; TREMOR; MYOCLONUS; SEIZURES; and Argyll-Robertson pupils. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp722-8)

One of three principal openings in the SUBARACHNOID SPACE. They are also known as cerebellomedullary cistern, and collectively as cisterns.

Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dynamics, and skull rigidity.

A delicate membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord. It lies between the PIA MATER and the DURA MATER. It is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid cavity which is filled with CEREBROSPINAL FLUID.

Four CSF-filled (see CEREBROSPINAL FLUID) cavities within the cerebral hemispheres (LATERAL VENTRICLES), in the midline (THIRD VENTRICLE) and within the PONS and MEDULLA OBLONGATA (FOURTH VENTRICLE).

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)

Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.

Multiple protein bands serving as markers of specific ANTIBODIES and detected by ELECTROPHORESIS of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID or serum. The bands are most often seen during inflammatory or immune processes and are found in most patients with MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.

Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue.

Meningitis caused by fungal agents which may occur as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS or arise in immunocompetent hosts.

Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.

The three membranes that cover the BRAIN and the SPINAL CORD. They are the dura mater, the arachnoid, and the pia mater.

Surgical creation of a communication between a cerebral ventricle and the peritoneum by means of a plastic tube to permit drainage of cerebrospinal fluid for relief of hydrocephalus. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Radiographic visualization of the cerebral ventricles by injection of air or other gas.

Nervous system infections caused by tick-borne spirochetes of the BORRELIA BURGDORFERI GROUP. The disease may affect elements of the central or peripheral nervous system in isolation or in combination. Common clinical manifestations include a lymphocytic meningitis, cranial neuropathy (most often a facial neuropathy), POLYRADICULOPATHY, and a mild loss of memory and other cognitive functions. Less often more extensive inflammation involving the central nervous system (encephalomyelitis) may occur. In the peripheral nervous system, B. burgdorferi infection is associated with mononeuritis multiplex and polyradiculoneuritis. (From J Neurol Sci 1998 Jan 8;153(2):182-91)

Pathogenic infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. DNA VIRUS INFECTIONS; RNA VIRUS INFECTIONS; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; SPIROCHAETALES INFECTIONS; fungal infections; PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS; HELMINTHIASIS; and PRION DISEASES may involve the central nervous system as a primary or secondary process.

Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.

Infections of the nervous system caused by bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS, and marked by prominent inflammation of the MENINGES. HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B is the most common causative organism. The condition primarily affects children under 6 years of age but may occur in adults.

Surgical creation of an opening in a cerebral ventricle.

Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.

Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.

A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.

A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8)

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.

Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2)

Infection of the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal structures with the larval forms of the genus TAENIA (primarily T. solium in humans). Lesions formed by the organism are referred to as cysticerci. The infection may be subacute or chronic, and the severity of symptoms depends on the severity of the host immune response and the location and number of lesions. SEIZURES represent the most common clinical manifestation although focal neurologic deficits may occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp46-50)

A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)

Viral infections of the brain, spinal cord, meninges, or perimeningeal spaces.

Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.

Injections into the cerebral ventricles.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Peptides generated from AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES PRECURSOR. An amyloid fibrillar form of these peptides is the major component of amyloid plaques found in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and in aged individuals with trisomy 21 (DOWN SYNDROME). The peptide is found predominantly in the nervous system, but there have been reports of its presence in non-neural tissue.

The outermost of the three MENINGES, a fibrous membrane of connective tissue that covers the brain and the spinal cord.

Microtubule-associated proteins that are mainly expressed in neurons. Tau proteins constitute several isoforms and play an important role in the assembly of tubulin monomers into microtubules and in maintaining the cytoskeleton and axonal transport. Aggregation of specific sets of tau proteins in filamentous inclusions is the common feature of intraneuronal and glial fibrillar lesions (NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; NEUROPIL THREADS) in numerous neurodegenerative disorders (ALZHEIMER DISEASE; TAUOPATHIES).

Reduction of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID pressure characterized clinically by HEADACHE which is maximal in an upright posture and occasionally by an abducens nerve palsy (see ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES), neck stiffness, hearing loss (see DEAFNESS); NAUSEA; and other symptoms. This condition may be spontaneous or secondary to SPINAL PUNCTURE; NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; DEHYDRATION; UREMIA; trauma (see also CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA); and other processes. Chronic hypotension may be associated with subdural hematomas (see HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL) or hygromas. (From Semin Neurol 1996 Mar;16(1):5-10; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp637-8)

Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.

A thin membrane that lines the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES and the central canal of the SPINAL CORD.

A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)

A form of compensated hydrocephalus characterized clinically by a slowly progressive gait disorder (see GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC), progressive intellectual decline, and URINARY INCONTINENCE. Spinal fluid pressure tends to be in the high normal range. This condition may result from processes which interfere with the absorption of CSF including SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, chronic MENINGITIS, and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp631-3)

Radiography of the ventricular system of the brain after injection of air or other contrast medium directly into the cerebral ventricles. It is used also for x-ray computed tomography of the cerebral ventricles.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

A rare, slowly progressive encephalitis caused by chronic infection with the MEASLES VIRUS. The condition occurs primarily in children and young adults, approximately 2-8 years after the initial infection. A gradual decline in intellectual abilities and behavioral alterations are followed by progressive MYOCLONUS; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; SEIZURES; DEMENTIA; autonomic dysfunction; and ATAXIA. DEATH usually occurs 1-3 years after disease onset. Pathologic features include perivascular cuffing, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, neurophagia, and fibrous gliosis. It is caused by the SSPE virus, which is a defective variant of MEASLES VIRUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp767-8)

A hemoflagellate subspecies of parasitic protozoa that causes Gambian or West African sleeping sickness in humans. The vector host is usually the tsetse fly (Glossina).

A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS).

An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)

Leakage and accumulation of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID in the subdural space which may be associated with an infectious process; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; INTRACRANIAL HYPOTENSION; and other conditions.

Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.

X-ray visualization of the spinal cord following injection of contrast medium into the spinal arachnoid space.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Inflammation of the meninges caused by LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES infection, usually occurring in individuals under the age of 3 years or over the age of 50 years. It may occur at any age in individuals with IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, altered mentation, HEADACHE, meningeal signs, focal neurologic signs, and SEIZURES. (From Medicine 1998 Sep;77(5):313-36)

Passive agglutination tests in which antigen is adsorbed onto latex particles which then clump in the presence of antibody specific for the adsorbed antigen. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Derivatives of phenylacetic acid. Included under this heading are a variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the benzeneacetic acid structure. Note that this class of compounds should not be confused with derivatives of phenyl acetate, which contain the PHENOL ester of ACETIC ACID.

Longitudinal cavities in the spinal cord, most often in the cervical region, which may extend for multiple spinal levels. The cavities are lined by dense, gliogenous tissue and may be associated with SPINAL CORD NEOPLASMS; spinal cord traumatic injuries; and vascular malformations. Syringomyelia is marked clinically by pain and PARESTHESIA, muscular atrophy of the hands, and analgesia with thermoanesthesia of the hands and arms, but with the tactile sense preserved (sensory dissociation). Lower extremity spasticity and incontinence may also develop. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1269)

Presence of air or gas within the intracranial cavity (e.g., epidural space, subdural space, intracerebral, etc.) which may result from traumatic injuries, fistulous tract formation, erosions of the skull from NEOPLASMS or infection, NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES, and other conditions.

A light and spongy (pneumatized) bone that lies between the orbital part of FRONTAL BONE and the anterior of SPHENOID BONE. Ethmoid bone separates the ORBIT from the ETHMOID SINUS. It consists of a horizontal plate, a perpendicular plate, and two lateral labyrinths.

Primary or secondary neoplasm in the ARACHNOID or SUBARACHNOID SPACE. It appears as a diffuse fibrotic thickening of the MENINGES associated with variable degrees of inflammation.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Brain tissue herniation through a congenital or acquired defect in the skull. The majority of congenital encephaloceles occur in the occipital or frontal regions. Clinical features include a protuberant mass that may be pulsatile. The quantity and location of protruding neural tissue determines the type and degree of neurologic deficit. Visual defects, psychomotor developmental delay, and persistent motor deficits frequently occur.

The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A congenital or acquired protrusion of the meninges, unaccompanied by neural tissue, through a bony defect in the skull or vertebral column.

Intracranial or spinal cavities containing a cerebrospinal-like fluid, the wall of which is composed of arachnoidal cells. They are most often developmental or related to trauma. Intracranial arachnoid cysts usually occur adjacent to arachnoidal cistern and may present with HYDROCEPHALUS; HEADACHE; SEIZURES; and focal neurologic signs. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch44, pp105-115)

A genus of the family PICORNAVIRIDAE whose members preferentially inhabit the intestinal tract of a variety of hosts. The genus contains many species. Newly described members of human enteroviruses are assigned continuous numbers with the species designated "human enterovirus".

The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the NASOPHARYNX. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis (MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL). It is also found in venereal discharges and blood. There are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135. Each serogroup can be further classified by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype.

A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.

The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.

A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.

One of the paired air spaces located in the body of the SPHENOID BONE behind the ETHMOID BONE in the middle of the skull. Sphenoid sinus communicates with the posterosuperior part of NASAL CAVITY on the same side.

Acute or chronic inflammation of the arachnoid membrane of the meninges most often involving the spinal cord or base of the brain. This term generally refers to a persistent inflammatory process characterized by thickening of the ARACHNOID membrane and dural adhesions. Associated conditions include prior surgery, infections, trauma, SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, and chemical irritation. Clinical features vary with the site of inflammation, but include cranial neuropathies, radiculopathies, and myelopathies. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch48, p25)

Infection with a fungus of the species CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS.

Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.

A pteridine derivative present in body fluids; elevated levels result from immune system activation, malignant disease, allograft rejection, and viral infections. (From Stedman, 26th ed) Neopterin also serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of biopterin.

Narrow channel in the MESENCEPHALON that connects the third and fourth CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.

Immunoelectrophoresis in which immunoprecipitation occurs when antigen at the cathode is caused to migrate in an electric field through a suitable medium of diffusion against a stream of antibody migrating from the anode as a result of endosmotic flow.

The innermost layer of the three meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. It is the fine vascular membrane that lies under the ARACHNOID and the DURA MATER.

A gram-positive organism found in the upper respiratory tract, inflammatory exudates, and various body fluids of normal and/or diseased humans and, rarely, domestic animals.

Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.

A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces "African sleeping sickness." Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.

Reduced blood flow to the spinal cord which is supplied by the anterior spinal artery and the paired posterior spinal arteries. This condition may be associated with ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, trauma, emboli, diseases of the aorta, and other disorders. Prolonged ischemia may lead to INFARCTION of spinal cord tissue.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Any operation on the cranium or incision into the cranium. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS, originally isolated from the brain of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The patient's initials J.C. gave the virus its name. Infection is not accompanied by any apparent illness but serious demyelinating disease can appear later, probably following reactivation of latent virus.

The body fluid that circulates in the vascular system (BLOOD VESSELS). Whole blood includes PLASMA and BLOOD CELLS.

A calcium-binding protein that is 92 AA long, contains 2 EF-hand domains, and is concentrated mainly in GLIAL CELLS. Elevation of S100B levels in brain tissue correlates with a role in neurological disorders.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

An acute (or rarely chronic) inflammatory process of the brain caused by SIMPLEXVIRUS infections which may be fatal. The majority of infections are caused by human herpesvirus 1 (HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN) and less often by human herpesvirus 2 (HERPESVIRUS 2, HUMAN). Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; SEIZURES; HALLUCINATIONS; behavioral alterations; APHASIA; hemiparesis; and COMA. Pathologically, the condition is marked by a hemorrhagic necrosis involving the medial and inferior TEMPORAL LOBE and orbital regions of the FRONTAL LOBE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp751-4)

Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

A species of parasitic nematodes distributed throughout the Pacific islands that infests the lungs of domestic rats. Human infection, caused by consumption of raw slugs and land snails, results in eosinophilic meningitis.

Water-soluble proteins found in egg whites, blood, lymph, and other tissues and fluids. They coagulate upon heating.

Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.

Bacterial infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges, including infections involving the perimeningeal spaces.

The removal of fluids or discharges from the body, such as from a wound, sore, or cavity.

The larval form of various tapeworms of the genus Taenia.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A species of HAEMOPHILUS found on the mucous membranes of humans and a variety of animals. The species is further divided into biotypes I through VIII.

Infectious disease processes, including meningitis, diarrhea, and respiratory disorders, caused by echoviruses.

The inferior region of the skull consisting of an internal (cerebral), and an external (basilar) surface.

Infections of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges by single celled organisms of the former subkingdom known as protozoa. The central nervous system may be the primary or secondary site of protozoal infection. These diseases may occur as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS or arise in immunocompetent hosts.

A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans.

Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.

The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.

A hydro-lyase that catalyzes the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate to form PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE. Several different isoforms of this enzyme exist, each with its own tissue specificity.

A mitosporic Tremellales fungal genus whose species usually have a capsule and do not form pseudomycellium. Teleomorphs include Filobasidiella and Fidobasidium.

Liquid components of living organisms.

The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)

A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.

Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.

A generic grouping for dihydric alcohols with the hydroxy groups (-OH) located on different carbon atoms. They are viscous liquids with high boiling points for their molecular weights.

Infections of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; or MENINGES caused by HELMINTHS (parasitic worms).

Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured, usually, but not necessarily, at right angles to the incident light beam.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).

A genus of large tapeworms.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.

Bactericidal cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant used as a topical anti-infective agent. It is an ingredient in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, etc., and is used to disinfect apparatus, etc., in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries, in surgery, and also as a preservative. The compound is toxic orally as a result of neuromuscular blockade.

Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.

Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Inflammation of a transverse portion of the spinal cord characterized by acute or subacute segmental demyelination or necrosis. The condition may occur sporadically, follow an infection or vaccination, or present as a paraneoplastic syndrome (see also ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, ACUTE DISSEMINATED). Clinical manifestations include motor weakness, sensory loss, and incontinence. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1242-6)

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A narrow cleft inferior to the CORPUS CALLOSUM, within the DIENCEPHALON, between the paired thalami. Its floor is formed by the HYPOTHALAMUS, its anterior wall by the lamina terminalis, and its roof by EPENDYMA. It communicates with the FOURTH VENTRICLE by the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT, and with the LATERAL VENTRICLES by the interventricular foramina.

Inflammation of CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

A group of congenital malformations involving the brainstem, cerebellum, upper spinal cord, and surrounding bony structures. Type II is the most common, and features compression of the medulla and cerebellar tonsils into the upper cervical spinal canal and an associated MENINGOMYELOCELE. Type I features similar, but less severe malformations and is without an associated meningomyelocele. Type III has the features of type II with an additional herniation of the entire cerebellum through the bony defect involving the foramen magnum, forming an ENCEPHALOCELE. Type IV is a form a cerebellar hypoplasia. Clinical manifestations of types I-III include TORTICOLLIS; opisthotonus; HEADACHE; VERTIGO; VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS; APNEA; NYSTAGMUS, CONGENITAL; swallowing difficulties; and ATAXIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p261; Davis, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp236-46)

PROCEDURES that use NEUROENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Neuroendoscopy, generally an integration of the neuroendoscope with a computer-assisted NEURONAVIGATION system, provides guidance in NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

Infections of the BRAIN caused by the protozoan TOXOPLASMA gondii that primarily arise in individuals with IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (see also AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS). The infection may involve the brain diffusely or form discrete abscesses. Clinical manifestations include SEIZURES, altered mentation, headache, focal neurologic deficits, and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp41-3)

A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.

An irregular unpaired bone situated at the SKULL BASE and wedged between the frontal, temporal, and occipital bones (FRONTAL BONE; TEMPORAL BONE; OCCIPITAL BONE). Sphenoid bone consists of a median body and three pairs of processes resembling a bat with spread wings. The body is hollowed out in its inferior to form two large cavities (SPHENOID SINUS).

Region of the back including the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, SACRUM, and nearby structures.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.

Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.

Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.

A technique for measuring extracellular concentrations of substances in tissues, usually in vivo, by means of a small probe equipped with a semipermeable membrane. Substances may also be introduced into the extracellular space through the membrane.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.

An acute or subacute inflammatory process of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM characterized histologically by multiple foci of perivascular demyelination. Symptom onset usually occurs several days after an acute viral infection or immunization, but it may coincide with the onset of infection or rarely no antecedent event can be identified. Clinical manifestations include CONFUSION, somnolence, FEVER, nuchal rigidity, and involuntary movements. The illness may progress to COMA and eventually be fatal. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p921)

Used as feed supplement for sheep and cattle since it is a good non-protein nitrogen source. In strongly alkaline solution biuret gives a violet color with copper sulfate.

Space between the dura mater and the walls of the vertebral canal.

A species of the genus MACACA inhabiting India, China, and other parts of Asia. The species is used extensively in biomedical research and adapts very well to living with humans.

Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or "seizure disorder."

Inflammation of brain tissue caused by infection with the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). This condition is associated with immunocompromised states, including the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME. Pathologically, the virus tends to induce a vasculopathy and infect oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells, leading to CEREBRAL INFARCTION, multifocal regions of demyelination, and periventricular necrosis. Manifestations of varicella encephalitis usually occur 5-7 days after onset of HERPES ZOSTER and include HEADACHE; VOMITING; lethargy; focal neurologic deficits; FEVER; and COMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch 26, pp29-32; Hum Pathol 1996 Sep;27(9):927-38)

The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.

A prodromal phase of cognitive decline that may precede the emergence of ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other dementias. It may include impairment of cognition, such as impairments in language, visuospatial awareness, ATTENTION and MEMORY.

Central nervous system vasculitis that is associated with SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Clinical manifestations may include DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES; HEMIPARESIS; BLINDNESS; DYSPHASIA; and other neurological disorders.

Diseases characterized by injury or dysfunction involving multiple peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process may primarily affect myelin or nerve axons. Two of the more common demyelinating forms are acute inflammatory polyradiculopathy (GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME) and POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY, CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING. Polyradiculoneuritis refers to inflammation of multiple peripheral nerves and spinal nerve roots.

A rare transmissible encephalopathy most prevalent between the ages of 50 and 70 years. Affected individuals may present with sleep disturbances, personality changes, ATAXIA; APHASIA, visual loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, MYOCLONUS, progressive dementia, and death within one year of disease onset. A familial form exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance and a new variant CJD (potentially associated with ENCEPHALOPATHY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM) have been described. Pathological features include prominent cerebellar and cerebral cortical spongiform degeneration and the presence of PRIONS. (From N Engl J Med, 1998 Dec 31;339(27))

A family of highly acidic calcium-binding proteins found in large concentration in the brain and believed to be glial in origin. They are also found in other organs in the body. They have in common the EF-hand motif (EF HAND MOTIFS) found on a number of calcium binding proteins. The name of this family derives from the property of being soluble in a 100% saturated ammonium sulfate solution.

Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.

The fluid separating the membranous labyrinth from the osseous labyrinth of the ear. It is entirely separate from the ENDOLYMPH which is contained in the membranous labyrinth. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1396, 642)

A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (From Winslade, Dictionary of Clinical Research, 1992)

A condition characterized by transient weakness or paralysis of somatic musculature triggered by an emotional stimulus or physical exertion. Cataplexy is frequently associated with NARCOLEPSY. During a cataplectic attack, there is a marked reduction in muscle tone similar to the normal physiologic hypotonia that accompanies rapid eye movement sleep (SLEEP, REM). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p396)

A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Species of tapeworm in the genus TAENIA, that infects swine. It is acquired by humans through the ingestion of cured or undercooked pork.

Non-invasive methods of visualizing the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the brain, by various imaging modalities.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.

Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.

An autologous or commercial tissue adhesive containing FIBRINOGEN and THROMBIN. The commercial product is a two component system from human plasma that contains more than fibrinogen and thrombin. The first component contains highly concentrated fibrinogen, FACTOR VIII, fibronectin, and traces of other plasma proteins. The second component contains thrombin, calcium chloride, and antifibrinolytic agents such as APROTININ. Mixing of the two components promotes BLOOD CLOTTING and the formation and cross-linking of fibrin. The tissue adhesive is used for tissue sealing, HEMOSTASIS, and WOUND HEALING.

A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)

Veins draining the cerebrum.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)

Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but diseases ranging from chronic, mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery may occur.

The type species of VARICELLOVIRUS causing CHICKENPOX (varicella) and HERPES ZOSTER (shingles) in humans.

Early mycological treatment failure in AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. (1/1631)

Cryptococcal meningitis causes significant morbidity and mortality in persons with AIDS. Of 236 AIDS patients treated with amphotericin B plus flucytosine, 29 (12%) died within 2 weeks and 62 (26%) died before 10 weeks. Just 129 (55%) of 236 patients were alive with negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures at 10 weeks. Multivariate analyses identified that titer of cryptococcal antigen in CSF, serum albumin level, and CD4 cell count, together with dose of amphotericin B, had the strongest joint association with failure to achieve negative CSF cultures by day 14. Among patients with similar CSF cryptococcal antigen titers, CD4 cell counts, and serum albumin levels, the odds of failure at week 10 for those without negative CSF cultures by day 14 was five times that for those with negative CSF cultures by day 14 (odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-10.9). Prognosis is dismal for patients with AIDS-related cryptococcal meningitis. Multivariate analyses identified three components that, along with initial treatment, have the strongest joint association with early outcome. Clearly, more effective initial therapy and patient management strategies that address immune function and nutritional status are needed to improve outcomes of this disease. (+info)

Assessment of complement deficiency in patients with meningococcal disease in The Netherlands. (2/1631)

The frequency of complement deficiency in 176 of 7,732 patients with meningococcal disease in the Netherlands from 1959 through 1992 was assessed. Complement deficiency was found in six patients (3%): 3 (7%) of the patients with Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C disease, 1 (2%) of the patients with N. meningitidis serogroup A disease, and 2 (33%) of the patients with infections due to uncommon serogroups and nongroupable strains of N. meningitidis. Of 91 additional patients with meningococcal infections due to uncommon serogroups, 33% also had complement deficiency. Thirty-four of the 36 complement-deficient patients with meningococcal disease who were from 33 families were 5 years of age or older. Twenty-six additional complement-deficient relatives were found. Screening individuals with meningococcal disease due to uncommon serogroups who were 5 years of age or older identified 30 of the 33 complement-deficient families. Only 27% of the complement-deficient relatives had had meningococcal disease. This risk was lower for relatives with properdin deficiency (18%) than for those deficient in the late component of complement (38%). Therefore, pedigree studies are warranted for identifying those complement-deficient persons who require vaccination for meningococcal disease. (+info)

Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli septicemia and meningoencephalitis in a 7-day-old llama. (3/1631)

Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli were isolated from blood collected on presentation and tissues samples taken postmortem. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid collected antemortem. The importance of passive transfer of immunity, the subtlety of neurologic signs in early meningitis, and considering blood-CSF penetration in antimicrobial selection are discussed. (+info)

Early diagnosis of central nervous system aspergillosis with combination use of cerebral diffusion-weighted echo-planar magnetic resonance image and polymerase chain reaction of cerebrospinal fluid. (4/1631)

We treated a patient diagnosed as central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis with the combined use of cerebral diffusion-weighted echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and polymerase chain reaction of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-PCR). DWI, a cutting-edge imaging modality to reveal the earliest changes of cerebral infarction, detected cerebral fungal embolization when the conventional computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging failed to reveal it. CSF-PCR demonstrated the presence of Aspergillus-specific DNA in the specimen, when the conventional examination and culture of CSF were nonspecific or negative. These diagnostic methods could be useful in the early diagnosis of CNS aspergillosis. (+info)

Prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid cytology in pediatric medulloblastoma. Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group. (5/1631)

BACKGROUND: Although the demonstration of leptomeningeal dissemination is the most important predictor of poor outcome in children with medulloblastoma, there is lack of consensus on the prognostic value of a positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology (i.e., stage M1). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-six pediatric medulloblastoma patients treated in Switzerland between 1972-1991 were retrospectively studied regarding the influence of M-stage on prognosis. 39 were M0, 13 M1, 15 Mx, 17 M2, and 2 M3. RESULTS: Five- and 10-year overall survival rates were 76% and 54% for M0, 68% and 50% for Mx, 36% and 25% for M1, and 22% and 22% for M2-3 (P < 0.001), respectively. No significant survival differences were observed between M1 and M2-3 patients. Among 26 patients with only postoperative CSF cytologies, seven were positive. Their outcome was similar to that of six preoperatively staged M1 and significantly different from that of M0 patients (P = 0.001). In 14 patients both pre- and postoperative CSF cytology was performed. Total agreement was observed between the pre- and postoperative results (six positive and eight negative). Among the 19 M2-3 patients CSF cytology was positive in eight, negative in five, and unknown in six. CONCLUSIONS: A positive CSF cytology either pre- or postoperatively predicts for a poor outcome, similar to that observed in stage M2-3 patients. A postoperative cytology is likely to be concordant with cytologic results obtained preoperatively, and seems to have the same prognostic significance. A negative cytology, however, does not exclude a more advanced stage. (+info)

Choroid plexus epithelial expression of MDR1 P glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein contribute to the blood-cerebrospinal-fluid drug-permeability barrier. (6/1631)

The blood-brain barrier and a blood-cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) barrier function together to isolate the brain from circulating drugs, toxins, and xenobiotics. The blood-CSF drug-permeability barrier is localized to the epithelium of the choroid plexus (CP). However, the molecular mechanisms regulating drug permeability across the CP epithelium are defined poorly. Herein, we describe a drug-permeability barrier in human and rodent CP mediated by epithelial-specific expression of the MDR1 (multidrug resistance) P glycoprotein (Pgp) and the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP). Noninvasive single-photon-emission computed tomography with 99mTc-sestamibi, a membrane-permeant radiopharmaceutical whose transport is mediated by both Pgp and MRP, shows a large blood-to-CSF concentration gradient across intact CP epithelium in humans in vivo. In rats, pharmacokinetic analysis with 99mTc-sestamibi determined the concentration gradient to be greater than 100-fold. In membrane fractions of isolated native CP from rat, mouse, and human, the 170-kDa Pgp and 190-kDa MRP are identified readily. Furthermore, the murine proteins are absent in CP isolated from their respective mdr1a/1b(-/-) and mrp(-/-) gene knockout littermates. As determined by immunohistochemical and drug-transport analysis of native CP and polarized epithelial cell cultures derived from neonatal rat CP, Pgp localizes subapically, conferring an apical-to-basal transepithelial permeation barrier to radiolabeled drugs. Conversely, MRP localizes basolaterally, conferring an opposing basal-to-apical drug-permeation barrier. Together, these transporters may coordinate secretion and reabsorption of natural product substrates and therapeutic drugs, including chemotherapeutic agents, antipsychotics, and HIV protease inhibitors, into and out of the central nervous system. (+info)

Spinal reflexes and the concentrations of 5-HIAA, MHPG, and HVA in lumbar cereborspinal fluid after spinal lesions in man. (7/1631)

Descending bulbospinal pathways that employ specific neurotransmitter substances are known to be capable of modulating segmental reflex activity in the experimental animal. To determine whether this might also occur in man correlations have been sought between the activity in spinal reflex pathways and the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), 3 methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and homovanillic acid (HVA) in 12 patients with complete or virtually complete spinal lesions. The concentrations of 5-HIAA and MHPG in lumbar CSF ARE REDUCED AFTER COMPLETE OR VIRTUALLY COMPLETE SPINAL LESIONS IN MAN. This may occur within 18 days of the lesion. MHPG concentrations appear to be inversely related to the level of the lesion. The HVA concentration in lumbar CSF is reduced when there is obstruction of the CSF pathways. No relationship could be demonstrated between the concentrations of 5-HIAA or MHPG in lumbar CSF and the activity in the spinal monosynaptic pathway (estimated from the proportion of the motoneurone pool activated by the Achilles tendon reflex or H reflex) or the activity of a spinal inhibitory mechanism (estimated by the degree of vibratory inhibition of the monosynaptic reflex). Patients with a tonic vibration reflex (TVR) tended to have higher MHPG levels. There appeared to be an association between low CSF HVA and enhanced vibratory inhibition of the monosynaptic reflex in the nine patients whose spinal lesions were complete. (+info)

Human herpesvirus 6 DNA in cerebrospinal fluid specimens from allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients: does it have clinical significance? (8/1631)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 22 allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms (cases) and 107 patients who were immunocompromised but did not have CNS symptoms (controls) were assayed for human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) DNA. HHV-6 DNA was detected in CSF specimens from five (23%) of 22 cases and in CSF specimens from one (0.9%) of 107 controls (P < .001, Fisher's exact test). In addition, none of the five cases with HHV-6 DNA detected in CSF samples had any other identified cause of their CNS symptoms, and none of the other 11 cases with known causes for their CNS diseases had HHV-6 DNA detected in CSF samples (P = .03, Fisher's exact test). In three cases, HHV-6 variant B was identified, and the HHV-6 variant could not be defined in the other two cases. Prophylaxis with acyclovir did not prevent the occurrence of HHV-6-associated CNS disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Four cases' conditions were improved or they were cured after treatment with either ganciclovir or foscarnet, and one case died of CNS disease despite foscarnet treatment. (+info)

... a bacterial infection can result in the cerebrospinal fluid.[6] This fluid circulates through the brain and spinal cord, and it ... When the cerebrospinal fluid is infected, the meninges become inflamed and can start to deteriorate. This inflammation of the ... Prevention of syphilis includes avoiding contact of bodily fluids with an infected person. This can be particularly difficult ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningeal_syphilis

Lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis[edit]. Lumbar puncture (LP) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis are ... For certain tumors, a definitive diagnosis can be accomplished by vitreous aspirate, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, or ... are a group of highly aggressive central nervous system tumors with a tendency to spread via cerebrospinal fluid pathways. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurooncology

Cerebrospinal fluid **Third ventricle. *Fourth ventricle. *Lateral ventricles *Angular bundle. *Anterior horn ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regions_in_the_human_brain

Cerebrospinal fluid pressure. *Intracranial pressure. *Intramuscular pressure (compartment syndrome). *Central venous pressure ... They displayed the pressure difference between two fluids as a vertical difference between the mercury levels in two connected ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millimetre_of_mercury

"Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier". NCBI.. *^ a b Damier, P.; Hirsch, E. C.; Agid, Y.; Graybiel, A. M. (1999-08-01). "The ... Between the peduncles is the interpeduncular fossa, which is a cistern filled with cerebrospinal fluid.[citation needed] The ... Cerebral spinal fluid originates via the choroid plexus, circulating through the ventricular system and recycled into the ... The ventricular system comprises the choroid plexus, which produces cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), the lateral, third, and fourth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesencephalon

Cerebrospinal fluid flows in bulk from sites of production to sites of absorption. Fluid formed in the lateral ventricles flows ... The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the skull and spine provides further protection and also buoyancy, and is found in the ... As cerebrospinal fluid is continually produced by the choroid plexus within the ventricles, a blockage of outflow leads to ... This allows the cerebrospinal fluid to flow directly to the basal cisterns, thereby bypassing any obstruction. A surgical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_system

Cerebrospinal fluid[edit]. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) allows for regulation of the distribution of substances between cells of ... A change in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is detected as altered pH in the cerebrospinal fluid by central ... Sakka, L.; Coll, G.; Chazal, J. (December 2011). "Anatomy and physiology of cerebrospinal fluid". European Annals of ... Fluid balance involves keeping the fluid volume stabilized, and also keeping the levels of electrolytes in the extracellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_homeostasis

... investigates the role of intracranial fluid hydrodynamics (e.g. cerebrospinal fluid, cerebral blood flow, ... Malucci, Conor; Sgouros, Spyros (December 2008). Cerebrospinal fluid disorders. [Informa Healthcare]. doi:10.3109/9781420016284 ... Marmarou was considered a world authority on fluid dynamics within the brain and spinal cord. Dr. Marmarou was the recipient of ... It combines fluid mechanics principles with neuroscience to improve neurological disorder healthcare diagnosis, monitoring and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurohydrodynamics

Most importantly however, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is collected via lumbar puncture (also known as spinal tap). This fluid, ... Increasingly, cerebrospinal fluid PCR tests have become especially useful for diagnosing viral meningitis, with an estimated ... Fomin, Dean A. Seehusen,Mark Reeves,Demitri (2003-09-15). "Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis". American Family Physician. 68 (6): ... cerebrospinal fluid). The new method will first be developed using CSF samples where the microorganism is known, but then will ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_meningitis

As part of the embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (eCSF), SCO-spondin is of the uttermost importance in the development of the ... Vera A, Stanic K, Montecinos H, Torrejón M, Marcellini S, Caprile T (2013). "SCO-spondin from embryonic cerebrospinal fluid is ... Ependymal cells secrete high molecular mass glycoproteins into the cerebrospinal fluid, in which the bulk of them condense to ... The ependyma consists of long, columnar cells that release their secretions into the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcommissural_organ

Cerebrospinal Fluid Research. 7 (Suppl 1): S40. doi:10.1186/1743-8454-7-S1-S40. PMC 3026519. "John D Pickard - List of ... Registry was funded by the UK Department of Health Medical Devices Agency and contains data on over 70,000 cerebrospinal fluid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pickard_(neurosurgeon)

In addition, a shunt may be surgically installed to provide a continuous drain for the excess cerebrospinal fluid produced in ... Cerebrospinal Fluid Research. 7 (1): S18. doi:10.1186/1743-8454-7-S1-S18. PMC 3026494. Farmer DL, von Koch CS, Peacock WJ, ... External sac with cerebrospinal fluid (2) Spinal cord wedged between the vertebrae Physical signs of spina bifida may include: ... cerebrospinal fluid, and parts of the spinal cord and nerve roots. Myelomeningocele is also associated with Arnold-Chiari ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spina_bifida

... is a measurement used to determine the levels of albumin in cerebrospinal fluid. A closely related test, CSF total ... "MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: CSF total protein". Seehusen DA, Reeves MM, Fomin DA (September 2003). "Cerebrospinal fluid ... "Changes with aging of steroidal levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of women". Maturitas. 33 (1): 71-80. doi:10.1016/S0378-5122( ... protein is a measurement used to determine the levels of protein in cerebrospinal fluid. It combines the albumin, IgG, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSF_albumin

Cerebrospinal Fluid Research. 6 (13): 13. doi:10.1186/1743-8454-6-13. PMC 2777116. PMID 19878608. Nigou J, Gilleron M, Puzo G ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoarabinomannan

... or glycorrhachia is a measurement used to determine the concentration of glucose in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The ... Seehusen DA, Reeves MM, Fomin DA (September 2003). "Cerebrospinal fluid analysis". Am Fam Physician. 68 (6): 1103-8. PMID ... "Relationship between Cerebrospinal Fluid Glucose and Serum Glucose". The New England Journal of Medicine. 366 (6): 576-8. doi: ... Lillian A. Mundt; Kristy Shanahan (2010). Graff's Textbook of Routine Urinalysis and Body Fluids. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSF_glucose

Spector R, Johanson CE (2010). "Choroid plexus failure in the Kearns-Sayre syndrome". Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 7: 14. doi: ... a syndrome in which 5-MTHF levels are decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid despite being normal in serum. Treatment with ... cerebellar ataxia and elevated levels of cerebrospinal fluid protein.[citation needed] Kearns-Sayre syndrome occurs ... of the mechanisms in the choroid plexus that are responsible for passage of folates from the serum to the cerebrospinal fluid. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kearns–Sayre_syndrome

Proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid, normally albumin and globulin are present in the ratio of 8 to 1. Increases in protein ... Pandy's test (or Pandy's reaction) is done on the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) to detect the elevated levels of proteins (mainly ... "Cerebrospinal fluid analysis". Am Fam Physician. 68: 1103-8. PMID 14524396. Diagnostic test. ... The normal CSF is clear and transparent fluid. The Pandy's reaction makes it translucent or opaque. A positive test shows a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandy's_test

... 's half-life in the cerebrospinal fluid, 68 hours, indicates that nitrazepam is eliminated extremely slowly from the ... Kangas L, Kanto J, Siirtola T, Pekkarinen A (July 1977). "Cerebrospinal-fluid concentrations of nitrazepam in man". Acta ... cerebrospinal fluid. Concomitant food intake has no influence on the rate of absorption of nitrazepam nor on its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrazepam

Cotugno wrote a classic monograph on sciatic neuralgia, and is also credited the discovery of the cerebrospinal fluid in 1774. ... Liquor Cotunni: The cerebrospinal fluid. De aquaeductibus auris humane internae anatomica dissertatio. 1761, Ex typographica ... Di Ieva, Antonio; Yaşargil M Gazi (Aug 2008). "Liquor cotunnii: the history of cerebrospinal fluid in Domenico Cotugno's work ... Pearce, J M S (Sep 2004). "Cotugno and cerebrospinal fluid". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. England. 75 (9): 1299. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domenico_Cotugno

... of carbonic acid in cerebrospinal fluid". J. Biol. Chem. 236: 592-6. PMID 13682371. Retrieved 2008-06-13.. CS1 maint: Uses ... and the composition of arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid". Am. J. Physiol. 202: 1049-54. PMID 13860364. Retrieved 2008-06- ... Johnson PC, Driscoll TB, Alexander WC, Lambertsen CJ (July 1973). "Body fluid volume changes during a 14-day continuous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_J._Lambertsen

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis shows a large number of white blood cells. Typically small mature lymphocytes are the ... ISBN 0-683-30076-8. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link) Vernau, William (2005). "Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Dogs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulomatous_meningoencephalitis

leaking cerebrospinal fluid (a clear fluid drainage from nose, mouth or ear) may be and is strongly indicative of basilar skull ... This can include sedation, paralytics, cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Second line alternatives include decompressive ... and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and otorrhea.. Because brain injuries can be life-threatening, even people with apparently ... CT scans can show brain bleeds, fractures of the skull, fluid build up in the brain that will lead to increased cranial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_injuries

"Borrelia valaisiana in cerebrospinal fluid." Emerging infectious diseases 10.9 (2004): 1692. Schutzer, S. E.; Fraser-Liggett, C ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_valaisiana

The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier. CRC Press, New York. 2005 (with Chodobski, A) Publications can be found in Google ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_Zheng_(pharmacist)

Diagnosis of TB meningitis is made by analysing cerebrospinal fluid collected by lumbar puncture. When collecting CSF for ... Irani, David N. (2008). Cerebrospinal Fluid in Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 196. ISBN 978-1416029083. Gram- ... "Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collection: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-06-02. ... suspected TB meningitis, a minimum of 1ml of fluid should be taken (preferably 5 to 10ml). The CSF usually has a high protein, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculous_meningitis

... in a variety of biological fluids from patients including blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. Early detection of ctDNA (as in ... 2018). "Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Analysis of Cell-Free Circulating Mitochondrial DNA by Digital PCR". Digital PCR. ... European Society for Medical Oncology (17 Nov 2017). "Study analyzes mutations in cerebrospinal fluid in lung cancer with brain ... detection in cerebrospinal fluid". Hematological Oncology. 36 (2): 429-435. doi:10.1002/hon.2489. PMID 29210102. S2CID 4968214 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_polymerase_chain_reaction

The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) is a fluid-brain barrier that is composed of a pair of membranes that separate ... Fluid filters through these cells from blood to become cerebrospinal fluid. There is also much active transport of substances ... The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier has also been shown to modulate the entry of leukocytes from the blood to the central ... The choroid plexus produces most of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the central nervous system. CSF is produced and secreted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choroid_plexus

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations vary; peak CSF concentrations are lower than serum ones, due to slow diffusion across ... linezolid was found to penetrate well into cerebrospinal fluid, but its effectiveness was inferior to that of other antibiotics ... Notably, the concentration of linezolid in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the lower respiratory tract is at least equal ... perhaps because the penetration of linezolid into bronchial fluids is much higher than that of vancomycin. Several issues in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid

Cerebrospinal fluid fills the syrinx. Pressure differences along the spine cause the fluid to move within the cyst. Physicians ... A number of medical conditions can cause an obstruction in the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid, redirecting it into the ... A syrinx results when a watery, protective substance known as cerebrospinal fluid, that normally flows around the spinal cord ... A syrinx is a rare, fluid-filled neuroglial cavity within the spinal cord (syringomyelia), in the brain stem (syringobulbia), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrinx_(medicine)

Cerebrospinal fluid is found in the brain and spinal cord. It is a clear fluid that provides a barrier to absorb shock and ... Sodium and Potassium can also be measured in the cerebrospinal fluid to predict the time since death, but it is not as accurate ... Biochemical analyses of vitreous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, blood and urine is important in determining the cause of death or ... There are various substances in the cerebrospinal fluid that can be measured including urea, glucose, potassium, chloride, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-mortem_chemistry

A compensatory mechanism involves the movement of cerebrospinal fluid from the cranial vault towards the spinal cord.[21] The ... intracranial blood and cerebrospinal fluid.[21] The sum of volumes of these three elements is constant.[21] An increase in one ... which can partially obstruct the flow of cerebro-spinal fluid from the neurocranium to the spinal cord.[6] The Chiari ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniosynostosis

"Elevated cerebrospinal fluid substance p concentrations in posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression". The American ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P

Birds have photoactive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons within the paraventricular organ that respond to light in ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell

PCR often shows false negative results because few Borrelia cells can be found in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during ... Lymphocytic meningitis causes characteristic changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and may be accompanied for several weeks ... and protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) typically rise to characteristically abnormal levels, while glucose level remains ... "Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi-specific antigen in antibody-negative cerebrospinal fluid in neurologic Lyme disease". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

Between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater is the subarachnoid space which contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This fluid ... Swelling or obstruction of the passage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the brain may cause (early) signs of increased ... or increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume, which may, in turn, have secondary symptoms. ... caused by the blockage of the free flow of cerebrospinal fluid.[42] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_tumors

... virus can also be found in cerebrospinal fluid.[16] Prevention[edit]. Main article: Prevention of viral hemorrhagic ... Lassa Virus in Cerebrospinal Fluid but Not in Serum". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 184 (3): 345-349. doi:10.1086/322033 ... Fluid replacement, blood transfusion, and fighting hypotension are usually required. Intravenous interferon therapy has also ... All persons suspected of Lassa fever infection should be admitted to isolation facilities and their body fluids and excreta ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lassa_fever

38 PATHOLOGY 425 CEREBROSPINAL FLUID [CSF] at the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of British ... http://www.scribd.com/doc/60332021/Cerebrospinal-Liquor-and-Its-Circulation. *http://neurology.pote.hu/smcenters/modules/liquor ...

https://sl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Možgansko-hrbtenjačna_tekočina

... early onset encephalopathy with calcifications of the basal ganglia and chronic cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis)". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man

It is frequently used to measure the central venous pressure, the intracranial pressure while sampling cerebrospinal fluid, as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre_of_water

... cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - cervical cancer - cervical dysplasia - cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1, CIN2, CIN3) - ... body fluids - bone marrow - bone marrow suppression - booster - branched DNA assay - breakthrough infection - Broadway Cares/ ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_AIDS-related_topics

Sokol DK, O'Brien RS, Wagenknecht DR, Rao T, McIntyre JA (2007). "Antiphospholipid antibodies in blood and cerebrospinal fluid ... Some studies have shown the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in the blood and spinal fluid of patients with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiphospholipid_syndrome

The ventricles are spaces within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid.[29] ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenic

The protein biomarker levels should be readily measured in accessible biofluid such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, plasma ... fluid percussion injury [FPI], close head injury [CHI], penetrating ballistic brain injury [PBBI], or blast overpressure wave ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomarkers

মস্তিষ্ক-সুষম্না তরল (Cerebrospinal fluid). *মস্তিষ্কগহ্বর ব্যবস্থা (Ventricular system) *আবরণীবৎ জালিকা (Choroid plexus) ... মস্তিষ্ক-সুষুম্না স্নায়ুতন্ত্র (Cerebro-spinal nervous system) *কেন্দ্রীয় স্নায়ুতন্ত্র (Central nervous system). *প্রান্তীয় ...

https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/নিতম্বাস্থি

... pentamidine does not reach curative levels in the cerebrospinal fluid.[11] It has a volume of distribution of 286-1356 liters ... Ample fluids or intravenous hydration may prevent some nephrotoxicity.[9]. *Liver: Elevated liver enzymes are associated with ... When inhaled through a nebulizer, pentamidine accumulates in the bronchoalveolar fluid of the lungs at a higher concentration ... Inhaled pentamidine is mainly deposited into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the lungs.[20] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentamidine

"Marked increase in cerebrospinal fluid ubiquitin in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease". Neuroscience Letters. 139 (1): 47-9. doi: ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteasome

A semipermeable membrane separating the blood from the cerebrospinal fluid, and constituting a barrier to the passage of cells ... A type of animal, such as a flatworm, with a body plan that lacks a fluid-filled cavity between the body wall and the digestive ... A fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid. Skin absorption is a route by which substances can enter the body ... A small structure within or sometimes external to a cell, consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer.. vestigiality. The ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_biology

diagnostic test, medical tests on cerebrospinal fluid Dynodwyr. Ffeiliau perthnasol ar Gomin Wicimedia. ...

https://cy.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsugnofesureg_pelydr_X_egni_deuol

Cerebrospinal fluid of PD patients also shows elevated TNF alpha.[91] Research indicates there may be a link between DNA ... IL-6 and transforming growth factor-alpha levels are elevated in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid in juvenile parkinsonism and ... "Alterations of 3-nitrotyrosine concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid during aging and in patients with Alzheimer's disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics_of_neurodegenerative_diseases

Because cerebrospinal fluid and perilymph communicate through the cochlear aqueduct, an increase in intracranial pressure is ... and is consequently filled with cerebrospinal fluid whose pressure is equal to intracranial pressure. Intracranial hypertension ... or fluid). Unfortunately, a reproducible quantitative relationship between the diameter of the cranium and ICP could not be ... pressure and eventual presence of fluid or other masses in the middle ear) or the strength of the acoustic reflex ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-invasive_intracranial_pressure_measurement_methods

മസ്തിഷ്കമേരുദ്രവത്തിന്റെ (Cerebrospinal fluid) ശരിയായ സംക്രമണത്തിനു തടസ്സം നേരിടുമ്പോൾ ഹൈഡ്രോസൈഫാലസ് (Hydrocephalus) എന്ന ...

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/അംഗവൈകല്യം

Excess lactate may be seen in the urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood of a person with Leigh syndrome.[5] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leigh_disease

... whereas men have a higher percentage of white matter and cerebrospinal fluid. There is high variability between individuals in ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_size

... but also in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Specific tests of enzyme function (either in leukocytes, skin fibroblasts, liver, or ... Biochemical studies are performed to screen for imbalances of metabolites in the bodily fluid, usually the blood (plasma/serum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Genetics

leaking cerebrospinal fluid (a clear fluid drainage from nose, mouth or ear) is strongly indicative of basilar skull fracture ... This can include sedation, paralytics, cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Second line alternatives include decompressive ... and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and otorrhea.. Because brain injuries can be life-threatening, even people with apparently ... CT scans can show brain bleeds, fractures of the skull, fluid build up in the brain that will lead to increased cranial ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_trauma

... sometimes causing hydrocephalus as a result of obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid outflow. ... between two lumbar vertebrae to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for testing. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxia

மனித மூளை, தடிப்பான மண்டையோட்டின் எலும்புகளாலும், மூளை முதுகுத் தண்டுநீர்மம் (cerebrospinal fluid) என்னும் நீர்மத்தாலும், ...

https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/மூளை

Removing cerebrospinal fluid at regular 3- to 7-day intervals is the only proven method of significantly reducing intracranial ... Eosinophilic meningitis is commonly defined by the increased number of eosinophils in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In most ... the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis was identified in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with eosinophilic meningitis by ... "Angiostrongylus cantonensis as a Cause of Cerebrospinal Disease in a Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus funereus) ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiostrongylus_cantonensis

Herpes simplex virus type I DNA has been found in the cerebrospinal fluid of at least one patient diagnosed with Hopkins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopkins_syndrome

Cerebrospinal fluid: A watery fluid that is continuously produced and absorbed and that flows in the ventricles within the ... Medical Definition of Cerebrospinal fluid. *Medical Author: William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR ... This can also occur if the CSF pathways are obstructed, causing the fluid to accumulate. The CSF obtained during a lumbar ...

https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7529

Formed primarily in the ventricles of the brain, the cerebrospinal fluid supports the brain and provides lubrication between ... Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), clear, colourless liquid that fills and surrounds the brain and the spinal cord and provides a ... www.britannica.com/science/cerebrospinal-fluid", "title": "Cerebrospinal fluid", "documentGroup": "TOPIC PAGINATED MEDIUM" ," ... Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), clear, colourless liquid that fills and surrounds the brain and the spinal cord and provides a ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/cerebrospinal-fluid

A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is a group of tests that help diagnose diseases and conditions affecting the brain and ... What is a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis?. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid found in your brain and ... medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/ Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis. ... www.nationalmssociety.org/Symptoms-Diagnosis/Diagnosing-Tools/Cerebrospinal-Fluid-(CSF). *Rammohan KW. Cerebrospinal fluid in ...

https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/

Cerebrospinal fluid is the fluid found in and around the central nervous system (CNS) organs, the brain and spinal cord. It ... Cerebrospinal fluid is the fluid found in and around the central nervous system (CNS) organs, the brain and spinal cord. It ... The fluid allows the organs to be buoyant protecting them from blows or other trauma. Inside the skull the cerebrospinal fluid ... Any trauma or tear in the dura can allow the fluid to leak out creating an emergency situation. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/9240.htm

CEREBRAL OEDEMA (EXCESS CEREBROSPINAL FLUID). Br Med J 1918; 1 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.2992.499 (Published 04 May ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/1/2992/499

... the fluid in the ventricles of the brain, between the arachnoid and pia mater, and surrounding the spinal cord. See more. ... Origin of cerebrospinal fluid. First recorded in 1895-1900. Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged ... The clear fluid that fills the cavities of the brain and covers the surfaces of the brain and spinal cord. It lubricates the ... The serumlike fluid that circulates through the ventricles of the brain, the cavity of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid ...

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/cerebrospinal-fluid

A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test can be used to diagnose many conditions, from neurological disorders to infectious diseases. ... Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the liquid that protects and cushions your brain and spinal cord. ... CSF cell count and differential are measured during cerebrospinal fluid analysis. The results can help diagnose conditions of ...

https://www.healthline.com/health/csf-oligoclonal-banding

Cerebrospinal Fluid γ-Aminobutyric Acid Correlation with Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Constituents and Alterations in ... Cerebro- spinal fluid (CSF) bathes the brain and spinal cord, is in dynamic equilibrium with its extracellular fluid, and tends ... Cerebrospinal Fluid Amine Metabolites and the Probenecid Test Michael H. Ebert, Ronald Kartzinel, Rex W. Cowdry, Frederick K. ... Cerebrospinal Fluid Pituitary Hormone Concentrations in Patients with Pituitary Tumors Kalmon D. Post, Bruce J. Biller, Ivor M ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-4684-1039-6

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting has significantly improved the lives of patients with hydrocephalus. It was a major advance ... Whitehead W.E. (2019) Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunting. In: Limbrick Jr. D., Leonard J. (eds) Cerebrospinal Fluid Disorders. ... Treatment of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections: a decision analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002;21:632-6.CrossRefGoogle ... Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting has significantly improved the lives of patients with hydrocephalus. It was a major advance ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-97928-1_16

The amount of cerebrospinal fluid varies by size and species. In humans and other mammals, cerebrospinal fluid, produced, ... ISBN 978-1-118-68589-1. Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) - interactive tool Cerebrospinal fluid - course material in ... Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of ... The brain produces roughly 500 mL of cerebrospinal fluid per day, at a rate of about 25 mL an hour. This transcellular fluid is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid

THE POSSIBLE FUNCTIONS OF CEREBRO-SPINAL FLUID Br Med J 1916; 2 :745 ... THE POSSIBLE FUNCTIONS OF CEREBRO-SPINAL FLUID. Br Med J 1916; 2 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.2917.745 (Published 25 ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/2/2917/745.1

"The Egyptian physician Imhotep is the most likely to be the first one to discover intracranial cerebrospinal fluid in vivo in ... L. Herbowski, "The maze of the cerebrospinal fluid discovery," Anatomy Research International, vol. 2013, Article ID 596027, 8 ... There is, however, an unfortunate assumption regarding the Egyptian origin of the discovery of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is ... The Maze of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Discovery, Leszek Herbowski Anatomy Research International Review Article (8 pages), ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ari/2014/256105/

biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid, Huntington disease, pilot projects, tau proteins Ämneskategorier. Neurologi, Klinisk ... Cerebrospinal fluid total tau concentration predicts clinical phenotype in Huntingtons disease. Artikel i vetenskaplig ... Our goal was to study whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau is a biomarker of disease progression in HD. After informed consent ... We quantified Tau protein, a marker of neuronal death, in cerebrospinal fluid and found it was increased in patients with ...

https://gu.se/forskning/publikation/?tipFriend=true&tipUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fgu.se%2Fforskning%2Fpublikation%2F%3FpublicationId%3D244343&publicationId=244343

Characteristics of cerebrospinal ﬂuid in tuberculous meningitis. J Clin Microbiol 2004. Adrados M. 12 Rook GA. Freedman VH. the ... Cerebrospinal ﬂuid drug concentrations and the treatment of tuberculous meningitis. Laheij RJ. Geyik MF. Thorax 1998. 3: 39-44 ... Cerebrospinal ﬂuid concentrations of ethionamide in children with tuberculous meningitis. Outcome of tuberculous meningitis at ... Predominance of Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal ﬂuid of children with tuberculous meningitis: reversal after ...

https://www.scribd.com/document/269501061/TB-Meningitis

Cerebrospinal fluid diversion is a procedure that is used to drain fluid from the brain and spinal cord. A shunt is placed in a ... Garton HJ (2004). "Cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedures". J Neuroophthalmol. 24 (2): 146-55. doi:10.1097/00041327-200406000 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid_diversion

cerebrospinal fluid synonyms, cerebrospinal fluid pronunciation, cerebrospinal fluid translation, English dictionary definition ... of cerebrospinal fluid. n. The serumlike fluid that circulates through the ventricles of the brain, the cavity of the spinal ... cerebrospinal fluid leak, Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis, Blood brain barrier. cerebrospinal fluid. n.. The serumlike fluid that ... cerebrospinal fluid. Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.. Related to cerebrospinal fluid: ...

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/cerebrospinal+fluid

In this study, we determined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) MCP-1 and MIP-1β levels and assessed their association with the duration ... Increased cerebrospinal fluid levels of cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory ... Increased cerebrospinal fluid levels of cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory ...

https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/c1e25727-2454-3cc6-a2d4-f231c82741cb/

Correlation of cerebrospinal fluid levels of tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 231 with rates of hippocampal atrophy in ... Levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p-tau231 vary across patients with Alzheimer disease. We hypothesized that these variations ...

https://www.mendeley.com/research-papers/correlation-cerebrospinal-fluid-levels-tau-protein-phosphorylated-threonine-231-rates-hippocampal-at/

biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid, Huntington disease, pilot projects, tau proteins Subject categories. Neurology, Clinical ... Our goal was to study whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau is a biomarker of disease progression in HD. After informed consent ... We quantified Tau protein, a marker of neuronal death, in cerebrospinal fluid and found it was increased in patients with ... Cerebrospinal fluid total tau concentration predicts clinical phenotype in Huntingtons disease. Journal article ...

https://gu.se/english/research/publication/?languageId=100001&disableRedirect=true&returnUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fgu.se%2Fforskning%2Fpublikation%2F%3FpublicationId%3D244343&publicationId=244343

Cerebrospinal Fluid Collections with ISBN 9781879284487 and ISBN 1879284480. ...

https://www.valorebooks.com/textbooks/cerebrospinal-fluid-collections/9781879284487&default=buy

ABUABARA, Allan. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea: diagnosis and management. Med. oral patol. oral cir.bucal (Internet) [online ... A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea occurs when there is a fistula between the dura and the skull base and discharge of CSF ... A spinal fluid leak from the intracranial space to the nasal respiratory tract is potentially very serious because of the risk ...

http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1698-69462007000500014&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en

R. A. Fishman, Cerebrospinal Fluid in Diseases of the Nervous System, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 2nd edition, 1992. ... Postmortem Cerebrospinal Fluid Pleocytosis: A Marker of Inflammation or Postmortem Artifact?. James A. Morris,1 Linda M. ... M. S. Platt, S. McClure, R. Clarke, W. U. Spitz, and W. Cox, "Postmortem cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis," American Journal of ... D. Wyler, W. Marty, and W. Bar, "Correlation between the post-mortem cell content of cerebrospinal fluid and time of death," ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijpedi/2012/964074/

... patients who had a positive response to the cerebrospinal fluid tap test (CSFTT) and (2) healthy controls. The aims of the ... The Movement of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Its Relationship with Substances Behavior in Cerebrospinal and Interstitial Fluid. ... cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and the cerebrospinal fluid tap test. J Clin Neurosci 21, 1398-1403, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ... Cerebrospinal fluid tap test. A lumbar tap removing 30-50 ml of CSF was done for all INPH patients. After the CSFTT, patients ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-52448-3?error=cookies_not_supported&code=32d79181-72f6-44e9-ac58-fd4444326f69

Acetaminophen Concentration in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Infants. This study has been completed. ... A small study (19) of nine children who had indwelling ventricular drains found that cerebrospinal fluid concentrations lagged ... The objective of the current study is to describe concentrations of acetaminophen in the fluid around the brain of infants ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00389454

The serumlike fluid that circulates through the ventricles of the brain, the cavity of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid ... A clear bodily fluid in the form of a very pure saline solution with microglia that occupies the subarachnoid space in the ... n. The serumlike fluid that circulates through the ventricles of the brain, the cavity of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid ...

https://www.wordnik.com/words/cerebrospinal%20fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Parkinson disease diagnosis and progression. Ann Neurol. 2011;69(3):570-580.. View this ... Blennow K, Hampel H, Weiner M, Zetterberg H. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol. ... Effect of sample collection tubes on cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of tau proteins and amyloid β peptides. Clin Chem. 2006 ... Quantification of mutant huntingtin protein in cerebrospinal fluid from Huntingtons disease patients. Edward J. Wild,1 Roberto ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/80743

It is believed that the bulk of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drains through arachnoid projections from the subarachnoid space to ... Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been commonly accepted to drain through arachnoid projections from the subarachnoid space to the ... Pollay, M. The function and structure of the cerebrospinal fluid outflow system. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 7, 9 (2010). ... is it time to embrace a new concept of cerebrospinal fluid absorption? Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 2, 6 (2005). ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01484-6?_ga=2.79482832.556771680.1522540800-812310393.1522540800&error=cookies_not_supported&code=b9f9b7ca-8ce8-4b7e-b01b-0394e147ddcd

The article, entitled "Accuracy of a Panel of 5 Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in the Differential Diagnosis of Patients with ... Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid Can Identify Patients with Alzheimer´s disease. 22.10.2012 ... Analysis of specific biomarkers in a cerebrospinal fluid sample can differentiate patients with Alzheimers disease from those ... Academy »Alzheimer »Alzheimer´s »Biomarker »Parkinson »Parkinson disease »Parkinsonian »biochemical change »cerebrospinal » ...

https://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/life-sciences/biomarkers-cerebrospinal-fluid-identify-patients-204202.html

... however there is very little research on similarly simple and inexpensive methods for the transport of other diagnostic fluids. ... "This novel method for saturating dried cerebrospinal fluid spots has the potential to enhance our knowledge of Japanese ... However, diagnosis relies on laboratory facilities to test for antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid. The researchers tested ... Novel method for storing and transporting cerebrospinal fluid samples for diagnosis of JEV. PLOS ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-03/p-nmf031516.php

... Pediatr Neurol. 2007 Jun;36(6):361-5. doi ... Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was significantly higher (mean = 104.10 pg/mL) than ... The ratio of the cerebrospinal fluid levels to serum levels averaged 53.7:1. This ratio is significantly higher than the ... A series of 10 children with autism had clinical evaluation of their serum and spinal fluid for inflammatory changes and ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17560496/

Analysis of specific biomarkers in a cerebrospinal fluid sample can differentiate patients with Alzheimer's disease from those with other types of dementia. (innovations-report.com)
The article, entitled "Accuracy of a Panel of 5 Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in the Differential Diagnosis of Patients with Dementia and/or Parkinsonian Disorders," was published by the Journal of the American Medical Association. (innovations-report.com)
Apolipoprotein E genotype and the diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer disease. (unboundmedicine.com)
Consequently, we have planned to test a few novel/promising biomarkers discovered in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected in cross-sectional cohorts of PD patients in this precious DATATOP samples. (michaeljfox.org)
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Parkinson disease diagnosis and progression. (docme.ru)

To determine age-specific reference values and quantify age-related changes for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell (WBC) counts and protein and glucose concentrations in infants ≤60 days of age. (aappublications.org)
Moffitt researchers wanted to improve their understanding of the development of LMM by analyzing the protein and RNA composition of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with LMM. (news-medical.net)
Any increase in cellular content or protein composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) above the normal range for the specific age group is an absolute indicator of meningeal disease (inflammation) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Infections such as encephalitis will be indicated by an increase of cell count and total protein in the fluid. (thefreedictionary.com)
The level of the presynaptic protein growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has previously been shown to be increased in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and thus may serve as an o. (bioportfolio.com)
For every 1000 cerebrospinal fluid red blood cells/mm3, cerebrospinal (cerebrospinal fluid) protein increased 1.1 mg/dL (95% confidence interval: 1.0-1.2 mg/dL). (ovid.com)
The median value obtained in a control group was 2.3 ng/ml with an upper limit at 5.5 ng/ml. the concentrations in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid were independent, but that in cerebrospinal fluid correlated with its total protein content. (bmj.com)
In many cases the electrophoretically separated protein fractions of CSF and subdural fluids were spectrophotometrically examined. (bmj.com)
The analysis of the protein content of the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) is a central tool in the diagnosis of a number of diseases, including Multiple Sclerosis and Encephalitis. (boomerangbooks.com.au)
656 Annals of Neurology Vol 58 No 4 October 2005 In a recent issue of the Annals, Grossman and colleagues1 investigated the potential of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers tau, amyloid ␤42 protein (A␤42), phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181) to differentiate frontotemporal dementia (FTD) from Alzheimer's disease (AD). (docme.ru)
The primary objective of this study was to examine the association of a major autophagy protein, lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein (lamp2), with age in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from healthy subjects. (frontiersin.org)
Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Protein in Neurology: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (semanticscholar.org)
A seminested-PCR assay, based on the amplification of the pneumococcal penicillin-binding protein 2B gene ( pbp2B ), was developed for the detection of penicillin-resistant and -susceptible pneumococci in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens. (asm.org)

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/serum ratio of antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin were 11- and ninefold higher than the CSF/serum ratio of total immunoglobulin G. The CSF/serum ratio of albumin was normal. (aappublications.org)
von Eckardstein, K. , Kiwit, J. , Westhause, U. and Rohde, V. (2016) Magnesium Concentration in Cerebrospinal and Brain Interstitial Fluid Correlates with Serum Level in Induced Hypermagnesemia. (scirp.org)
None of the aforementioned studies, however, correlated the dependent variable (e.g. clinical outcome, Doppler ultrasound examinations, neuroradiological or neuropathological studies) with the level of magnesium in either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or brain parenchyma but only to serum levels. (scirp.org)
An antibody reaction against the homologous isolate that was distinctly stronger than that against the heterologous isolates was found in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from one patient. (asm.org)
High accuracy (stable isotope dilution) measurements of lead in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. (bmj.com)
The concentration of lead in blood, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine was measured in patients with neurological disease and in control subjects including cases of plumbism. (bmj.com)
The lead content of cerebrospinal fluid is consistently less than that of serum, averaging 50% of the serum concentration for blood leads of less than 20 micrograms/dl (1 mumol/l) but rising to 80-90% in cases of plumbism. (bmj.com)
Patients with motor neurone disease could not be distinguished from those with other neurological diseases on the basis of the lead content of their serum or cerebrospinal fluid. (bmj.com)

Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Pro. (kb.se)
Human Cerebrospinal. (kb.se)
Here, we stereotactically injected human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing GAD65-antibodies into the hippocampus of rats in vivo and then prepared hippocampal slices 1-2 days after post-operative recovery. (frontiersin.org)
We examined the in vitro activity of vancomycin at high concentrations against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 in human cerebrospinal fluid samples. (asm.org)

Spirochetes were cultured from cerebrospinal fluid samples of four of these patients. (asm.org)

The number of mononuclear cells in the cerebrospinal fluid does rise in the first 24 hours after death, and this is most probably due to detachment of leptomeningeal lining cells. (hindawi.com)
The increase of cells in the cerebrospinal fluid may be either in the number of mononuclear lymphocytes or polymorphonuclear leukocytes and is invariably an indication of a pathological process. (annals.org)

Immunotherapy containing antibody bapineuzumab in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease lead to fall in a cerebrospinal fluid biomarker, which may indicate downstream effects on the degenerative process, states report published Online First by Archives of Neurology , a JAMA Network publication. (medindia.net)
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker signature in Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative subjects. (semanticscholar.org)
Elevated extra-axial fluid volume is a possible biomarker for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). (nitrc.org)

Your provider will withdraw a small amount of cerebrospinal fluid for testing. (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers said it is not clear whether a large amount of cerebrospinal fluid actually causes autism or not. (wikinews.org)

The examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is crucial for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, which causes significant morbidity and mortality in infants. (aappublications.org)
However, diagnosis relies on laboratory facilities to test for antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid. (eurekalert.org)
What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures or assays in the diagnosis of Lyme meningitis? (medscape.com)
Toxoplasma gondii assay by real time Multiplex of cephalorachidian fluid was positive for 11 out of 16 patients with AIDS and a presumptive diagnosis for cerebral toxoplasmosis, while none of the 35 control patients displayed such a result. (scielo.br)
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ42 are strongly associated with the diagnosis of AD and cortical Aβ accumulation independent of APOE genotype. (unboundmedicine.com)
Ultimately, cerebrospinal volume was able to provide an early diagnosis of probably ASD in high-risk children with 70% accuracy. (wikinews.org)
Currently, the most sensitive method of diagnosis is based on the successful culture and identification of bacteria from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (asm.org)
We and others have demonstrated that a decrease in DJ-1 and/or a-synuclein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a potential index for Parkinson disease diagnosis, but not for PD severity. (docme.ru)
Its diagnosis is made through the clinical presentation, measurement of the cerebrospinal fluid pressure and neurorimage features. (eurekamag.com)

In general, globular proteins and albumin are in lower concentration in ventricular CSF compared to lumbar or cisternal fluid. (wikipedia.org)
For the purpose of this study [Mg 2+ ] MDS was considered a surrogate parameter for magnesium concentration of the cerebral extracellular fluid ([Mg 2+ ] ecf ), a direct linear correlation had been shown between the concentration of magnesium ions in the medium surrounding the dialysis membrane (i.e. (scirp.org)
The clinical relevance of ferritin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid. (bmj.com)

A small study (19) of nine children who had indwelling ventricular drains found that cerebrospinal fluid concentrations lagged behind those of plasma with an equilibration half time of 0.72 h. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is considered to be produced primarily by the choroid plexus and to flow through the ventricular system to reach the subarachnoid space (SAS) of the skull and spinal column 1 . (nature.com)
Considerable insight into the mechanisms involved in secondary injury after TBI has resulted from analysis of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained in children with severe noninflicted and inflicted TBI (nTBI and iTBI, respectively). (aappublications.org)
Br J Neurosurg 15:324-327, 2001 Wong GK, Poon WS, Wai S, Yu LM, Lyon D, Lam JMK: Failure of regular external ventricular drain exchange to reduce cerebrospinal fluid infection: result of a randomised controlled trial. (cns.org)

A recently approved drug, raltegravir, reaches therapeutic concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and may be effective at controlling HIV replication in the primary target cells in the brain, macrophages and microglia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
This result has been related to the fact that this mode of treatment results in higher antibiotic concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) than systemic application does ( 3-5 ). (asm.org)

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and perioperative management of patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in New York State. (biomedsearch.com)
Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are a serious complication in patients with cerebrospinal shunting devices ( 4 ). (asm.org)

The serumlike fluid that circulates through the ventricles of the brain, the cavity of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid space, functioning as a shock absorber. (dictionary.com)
Cerebrospinal fluid circulates throughout the central nervous system, where it performs a dual role. (reference.com)
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates in the subarachnoid space and has a twofold function: to protect the brain and spinal cord from injury and to transport products of cellular metabolism and neurosecretion. (thefreedictionary.com)

Previous studies in which researchers define cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reference standards for infants have been limited by their single-center study designs and small sample sizes. (aappublications.org)

and in the conclusions the author writes " The Egyptian physician Imhotep is the most likely to be the first one to discover intracranial cerebrospinal fluid in vivo in 3000 B.C. The description of the discovery was found in The Papyrus of Smith of 1600 B.C. " [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
A spinal fluid leak from the intracranial space to the nasal respiratory tract is potentially very serious because of the risk of an ascending infection which could produce fulminant meningitis. (isciii.es)
Farahat, A. , Elshitany, H. and Soliman, M. (2020) The Management of Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea in Patients at Risk for Increased Intracranial Tension. (scirp.org)
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is a rare syndrome, characterized by pressure in the cerebrospinal fluid ranging between 50 and 70 mmH2O and postural headache. (eurekamag.com)
We report a case of spontaneous nerve root cerebrospinal fluid leaks in a 34 year-old man and intracranial hypotension. (eurekamag.com)

SAN DIEGO--( BUSINESS WIRE )-- Biocept, Inc . (Nasdaq: BIOC), a leading provider of molecular diagnostic assays, products and services, has announced the full commercial launch of CNSide™ , its cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assay designed to better detect and manage treatment of metastatic cancers involving the central nervous system (CNS). (businesswire.com)
The full sales force launch of our CSF assay, along with new branding, is an exciting next step toward our goal of establishing CNSide as a new standard-of-care diagnostic test for cerebrospinal fluid," said Michael Nall, Biocept's President and CEO. (businesswire.com)
In addition to its broad portfolio of blood-based liquid biopsy assays, Biocept has developed the CNSide™ cerebrospinal fluid assay that detects cancer that has metastasized to the central nervous system. (businesswire.com)
Two of them had no detectable antibodies against any of the isolated spirochetes in their cerebrospinal fluid, both when tested with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and when tested by immunoblotting. (asm.org)

Autoimmune disorders , such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome and multiple sclerosis (MS). CSF tests for these disorders look for high levels of certain proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid. (medlineplus.gov)
They discovered that the cerebrospinal fluid from LMM patients was enriched for proteins involved in innate immunity, proteases and the IGF-signaling pathway. (news-medical.net)
They confirmed this hypothesis by incubating cerebrospinal fluid from the LMM patients with melanoma cells and discovered that the fluid was able to induce activation of proteins and signaling pathways involved in malignant progression, including the PI3K/AKT pathway, integrins, B cell signaling, mitotic cell cycle progression, TNFR, TGF-β and oxidative stress. (news-medical.net)
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by, among other things, deposits of extracellular β-amyloid (Αβ) plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles with accompanying decreases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Αβ and increases in CSF tau proteins. (medindia.net)
Proteins of the Cerebrospinal Fluid is a complete revision of the first edition published 16 years ago and reflects the advances in the field in that period. (boomerangbooks.com.au)
Buy Proteins of the Cerebrospinal Fluid by E. J. Thompson from Australia's Online Independent Bookstore, Boomerang Books. (boomerangbooks.com.au)
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Published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases , they propose the use of pre-cut filter paper to store samples for detection of anti-Japanese encephalitis virus antibodies from patient cerebrospinal fluid. (eurekalert.org)
To test whether Japanese encephalitis virus could be successfully identified from the samples, the researchers carried out a retrospective analysis on cerebrospinal fluid for patients tested for the virus between 2009 - 2015 in Laos, with a total of 132 samples containing sufficient fluid volume for testing. (eurekalert.org)
This novel method for saturating dried cerebrospinal fluid spots has the potential to enhance our knowledge of Japanese encephalitis virus epidemiology, and inform health policies where they are most needed," explains Dr. Tehmina Bharucha from LOMWRU and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. (eurekalert.org)

Several studies suggest that the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele modulates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of β-amyloid 42 (Aβ42). (unboundmedicine.com)
Inverse relation between in vivo amyloid imaging load and cerebrospinal fluid Abeta42 in humans. (semanticscholar.org)

Now, researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have found the first direct evidence in children that blood oxytocin measurements are tightly linked to levels of oxytocin in cerebrospinal fluid, which bathes the brain. (medicalxpress.com)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acts as a cushion, protecting the brain and spinal cord from injury. (nih.gov)

The fluid also transports metabolic waste products, antibodies , chemicals, and pathological products of disease away from the brain and spinal-cord tissue into the bloodstream. (britannica.com)
In the context of multiple sclerosis (MS), we applied an affinity proteomic strategy and screened 22 plasma samples with 4595 antibodies (3450 genes) on bead arrays, then defined 375 antibodies (334 genes) for targeted analysis in a set of 172 samples and finally used 101 antibodies (43 genes) on 443 plasma as well as 573 cerebrospinal spinal fluid (CSF) samples. (diva-portal.org)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid found in your brain and spinal cord. (medlineplus.gov)
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colorless fluid found in the subarachnoid spaces in the cranial cavity, where it functions as a shock absorber for the delicate tissues of the brain, according to Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. (reference.com)
This colorless fluid is crucial in protecting the brain as it acts like a cushion. (alleydog.com)
Normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is clear and colorless. (healthtap.com)

Your cerebrospinal fluid will be collected through a procedure called a spinal tap, also known as a lumbar puncture. (medlineplus.gov)
In second lumbar puncture, the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid was found to be 18 cmH20. (thefreedictionary.com)

The mechanisms behind molecular transport from cerebrospinal fluid to dural lymphatic vessels remain unknown. (nih.gov)
Within the CNS itself, lymphatic vessels are believed to be absent, instead a system of paravascular spaces (historically known as Virchow-Robin spaces but recently described as part of the "glymphatic system") is thought to provide channels for the movement of fluid and solutes from the brain interstitial space and to the CSF and vice versa 5 . (nature.com)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) , clear, colourless liquid that fills and surrounds the brain and the spinal cord and provides a mechanical barrier against shock. (britannica.com)
In a healthy individual, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is clear and colourless. (hindawi.com)

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage from the subarachnoid space (SAS) into the paranasal sinuses and then to the nasal cavity is called CSF rhinorrhea. (scirp.org)

To evaluate Bacterial Meningitis Score (BMS) on its own and in association with Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) lactate dosage in order to distinguish bacterial from aseptic meningitis. (scielo.br)
Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactic Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes in Bacterial Meningitis and Viral Meningoencephalitis. (annals.org)
Specimens of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained from 11 patients with bacterial meningitis and 9 patients with viral meningoencephalitis, and total and isoenzyme concentrations of LDH were determined. (annals.org)
The Mechanism of Low Cerebrospinal Fluid Sugar in Bacterial Meningitis. (annals.org)
Alternate methods of diagnosing pneumococcal disease are based on the detection of bacterial antigens in body fluids. (asm.org)

published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS, suggests that cerebrospinal fluid might have yet another role in exchanging fluid with blood and interstitial fluid. (reference.com)
An additional source of CSF is the interstitial fluid (ISF) from the brain tissue that is produced at the blood-brain barrier and may account for around 10% of the total volume of CSF 2 . (nature.com)

When an individual suffers a head injury, the fluid acts as a cushion, dulling the force by distributing its impact. (britannica.com)
A clear bodily fluid in the form of a very pure saline solution with microglia that occupies the subarachnoid space in the brain (between the skull and the cerebral cortex), and which acts as a cushion or buffer for the cortex. (wordnik.com)

Correlation of cerebrospinal fluid levels. (mendeley.com)
In a study that appeared on Monday in Biological Psychiatry , scientists from the Universities of California and North Carolina , with several other universities in the United States and Canada , report a strong correlation between abnormal distribution of cerebrospinal fluid in infants and later development of autistic symptoms. (wikinews.org)
Children with higher than usual volumes of cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space - the area just around the brain - were more likely to be diagnosed with autism later in life, with a strong correlation in the high-risk group. (wikinews.org)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency and the causes of the intra- and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and to discuss the sella closure methods. (mdpi.com)
what causes spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks? (healthtap.com)

Varicella-zoster virus in cerebrospinal fluid at relapses of multiple sclerosis. (unboundmedicine.com)
TY - JOUR T1 - Varicella-zoster virus in cerebrospinal fluid at relapses of multiple sclerosis. (unboundmedicine.com)

The objective of the current study is to describe concentrations of acetaminophen in the fluid around the brain of infants after administration of acetaminophen. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Automatic Extra-Axial Cerebrospinal Fluid (Auto EACSF) is an open-source, interactive tool for automatic computation of brain extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid (EA-CSF) in magnetic resonance image (MRI) scans of infants. (nitrc.org)

1. A clear fluid filling the brain's ventricles and surrounding the brain and spinal cord to protect them from injury. (thefreedictionary.com)
The paper also suggests that cerebrospinal fluid circulation might play an important role in the brain's regeneration during sleep. (reference.com)
Overall, sodium concentrations were significantly higher in the brain's cerebrospinal fluid in migraine patients than in the healthy control group . (medicalxpress.com)

Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea" by people in this website by year, and whether "Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)

The free circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, therefore, is essential to keeping individual nerve cells healthy and removing toxic byproducts of normal cell metabolism. (reference.com)
Objective - To compare the effects of a 4-week high saturated fat/high glycemic index (HIGH) diet with a low saturated fat/low glycemic index (LOW) diet on insulin and lipid metabolism, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of Alzheimer disease, and cognition for healthy adults and adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). (natap.org)

Formed primarily in the ventricles of the brain, the cerebrospinal fluid supports the brain and provides lubrication between surrounding bones and the brain and spinal cord. (britannica.com)
the fluid in the ventricles of the brain, between the arachnoid and pia mater, and surrounding the spinal cord. (dictionary.com)
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is made within the inner fluid chambers (ventricles) of the brain and flows through tubes (ducts) to other chambers and around the brain and spinal cord. (wellspan.org)

For decades it has been hypothesized that molecules within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diffuse into the brain parenchyma and influence the function of neurons. (kb.se)
However, no study supported its conclusion by providing evidence for a local increase in magnesium, i.e. in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the brain parenchyma. (scirp.org)

Postmortem Cerebrospinal Fluid Pleocytosis: A Marker of Inflammation or Postmortem Artifact? (hindawi.com)
The aim of this paper is to reassess the significance of postmortem cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. (hindawi.com)
All four patients had pleocytosis in their cerebrospinal fluid and a history of neurological symptoms of only 4 to 10 days in duration. (asm.org)

A combination of brain scanning with a new imaging agent and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis has left neuroscientists encouraged that they may finally be moving toward techniques for diagnosing Alzheimer s disease before its clinical symptoms become apparent. (innovations-report.com)
It is a double-blinded, placebo controlled investigation, initiated over 20 years ago, where both collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and extensive clinical assessment of Parkinson s patients were performed at baseline and then again when patients reached the endpoint, i.e. needing levodopa therapy to overcome motor disability. (michaeljfox.org)

A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test can be used to diagnose many conditions, from neurological disorders to infectious diseases. (healthline.com)
In 18 subjects with suspicion of various types of cerebrospinal fluid disorders, 3D T2-Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery, T1-black-blood, and T1 gradient echo acquisitions were obtained prior to intrathecal administration of the contrast agent gadobutrol (0.5 ml, 1 mmol/ml), serving as a cerebrospinal fluid tracer. (nih.gov)
By means of a new technique (Particle Counting Immunoassay), we have determined the level of ferritin in 470 samples of cerebrospinal fluid of patients with various neurological disorders. (bmj.com)
The affinity proteomic translation of profiles discovered by profiling human body fluids and tissue provides a powerful strategy to suggest additional candidates to studies of neurological disorders. (diva-portal.org)

A research team at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, is developing a new method to differentiate patients with Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson disease by analyzing a cerebrospinal fluid sample. (innovations-report.com)

what is the definition or description of: cerebrospinal fluid? (healthtap.com)

A watery fluid that is continuously produced and absorbed and that flows in the ventricles within the brain and around the surface of the brain and spinal cord. (medicinenet.com)

Preferred detection of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) consists of head computed tomography (CT), followed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. (cns.org)

A CSF analysis is a group of tests that look at your cerebrospinal fluid to help diagnose diseases and conditions that affect the brain and spinal cord. (medlineplus.gov)
It could also be transferred for use in diagnosing other infectious diseases, including using other body fluid samples. (eurekalert.org)
Instead, fluids taken from the spinal cord or circulatory system are preferred sources for the discovery of candidate markers within neurological diseases. (diva-portal.org)

Silicone elastomer cerebrospinal fluid shunt systems. (springer.com)
Randomized trial of cerebrospinal fluid shunt valve design in pediatric hydrocephalus. (springer.com)

What is a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis? (medlineplus.gov)
CSF cell count and differential are measured during cerebrospinal fluid analysis. (healthline.com)
Researchers in Moffitt Cancer Center's Donald A. Adam Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center of Excellence and the Department of Neuro-Oncology sought to change this by performing an extensive analysis of the molecular characteristics of the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with LMM. (news-medical.net)
We investigated gait performance utilizing a quantitative gait analysis for 2 groups: (1) idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) patients who had a positive response to the cerebrospinal fluid tap test (CSFTT) and (2) healthy controls. (nature.com)
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is a set of laboratory tests that examine a sample of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. (surgeryencyclopedia.com)
2008). 'Thunderclap headache and normal computed tomographic results: value of cerebrospinal fluid analysis. (cns.org)

Filter paper is currently used for the storage and transport of dried blood samples, however there is very little research on similarly simple and inexpensive methods for the transport of other diagnostic fluids. (eurekalert.org)
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ42 and total and phosphorylated tau in relation to the APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 polymorphism in different diagnostic groups and in cases with or without cortical uptake of [18F]flutemetamol. (unboundmedicine.com)
Spectrophotometric examinations were performed on cerebrospinal and subdural fluids in subacute (five patients) and chronic (20 patients) subdural haematomas, with special reference to the diagnostic aid of CSF spectrophotometry. (bmj.com)
The apparatus withdraws cerebrospinal fluid from the lumbar subarachnoid space, filters, cools, pH adjusts and performs diagnostic/monitoring functions on the fluid. (freepatentsonline.com)
Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid CXCL13 for acute Lyme neuroborreliosis. (semanticscholar.org)

Researchers analyzed cerebrospinal fluid from 69 people with HIV who had been on anti-HIV therapy for an average of nine years. (thefreedictionary.com)
The researchers, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, tracked the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and found that the hypertensive rats exhibited larger ventricles, decreased brain volume, and impaired fluid transport. (thefreedictionary.com)
This prompted researchers from the Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU) to explore an appropriate storage system of cerebrospinal fluid. (eurekalert.org)
The researchers tested different techniques and filter papers to find the optimal method for transporting dried cerebrospinal fluid samples without the need for keeping samples frozen. (eurekalert.org)
However, significant differences emerged when the researchers looked at sodium concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid, the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, providing a cushion for the brain while also helping to ensure chemical stability for proper brain function. (medicalxpress.com)

Persistent HIV-infected cells in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with poorer neurocognitive performance [published online July 15, 2019]. (ajmc.com)

Cerebrospinal fluid diversion is a procedure that is used to drain fluid from the brain and spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
We suggest a novel approach directed for the elimination of pathogenic agents from the CNS and, in parallel, its enrichment with an array of neuroprotective substances, using a "cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exchange" procedure, in which endogenous (pathogenic) CSF is removed and replaced by artificial CSF (aCSF) enriched with secretions of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). (mdpi.com)

The clear fluid that fills the cavities of the brain and covers the surfaces of the brain and spinal cord. (dictionary.com)
The clear fluid that fills the cavities of the brain and spinal cord, serving to lubricate the tissues and to absorb shock. (thefreedictionary.com)
On the other hand, the volume of cerebrospinal fluid , which fills the inner and outer cavities of the brain, had increased within the cortex with long-term exposure to microgravity. (thefreedictionary.com)

In this study, we determined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) MCP-1 and MIP-1β levels and assessed their association with the duration and severity of ALS. (mendeley.com)
Levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p-tau231 vary across patients with Alzheimer disease. (mendeley.com)
The patient who responded well to treatment had very low to undetectable levels of cerebrospinal fluid TGF-β, while those patients who did not respond to treatment had much higher levels of TGF-β. (news-medical.net)
Many prior studies have found that A-beta 42 levels drop in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer s disease patients. (innovations-report.com)
A young woman with Kearns-Sayre syndrome and progressive central nervous system deterioration over 15 years had decreased plasma and cerebrospinal fluid folate levels while receiving phenytoin for a seizure disorder. (umich.edu)
Cerebrospinal fluid tau levels in frontotemporal dementia. (docme.ru)
Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau Levels in Frontotemporal Dementia Marcel M. Verbeek,1,2 Yolande A. Pijnenburg,3 Niki S. Schoonenboom,3 Berry P. H. Kremer,1 and Philip Scheltens3 Fig. Differential effects of 1Hz and sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in Huntington's disease (HD) patients with chorea. (docme.ru)

2. A fluid that surrounds the spinal cord and brain. (thefreedictionary.com)

Anatomy28

Organisms18

Diseases100

Chemicals and Drugs40

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment43

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes9

Information Science1

Named Groups1

Health Care10

Early mycological treatment failure in AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. (1/1631)

Assessment of complement deficiency in patients with meningococcal disease in The Netherlands. (2/1631)

Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli septicemia and meningoencephalitis in a 7-day-old llama. (3/1631)

Early diagnosis of central nervous system aspergillosis with combination use of cerebral diffusion-weighted echo-planar magnetic resonance image and polymerase chain reaction of cerebrospinal fluid. (4/1631)

Prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid cytology in pediatric medulloblastoma. Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group. (5/1631)

Choroid plexus epithelial expression of MDR1 P glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein contribute to the blood-cerebrospinal-fluid drug-permeability barrier. (6/1631)

Spinal reflexes and the concentrations of 5-HIAA, MHPG, and HVA in lumbar cereborspinal fluid after spinal lesions in man. (7/1631)

Human herpesvirus 6 DNA in cerebrospinal fluid specimens from allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients: does it have clinical significance? (8/1631)

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea

Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts

Meningitis

Spinal Puncture

Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea

Meningitis, Bacterial

Meningitis, Viral

Hydrocephalus

Meningitis, Aseptic

Tuberculosis, Meningeal

Meningitis, Pneumococcal

Choroid Plexus

Meningoencephalitis

Subarachnoid Space

Neurosyphilis

Cisterna Magna

Intracranial Pressure

Arachnoid

Cerebral Ventricles

Brain

Multiple Sclerosis

Central Nervous System Diseases

Oligoclonal Bands

Blood-Brain Barrier

Meningitis, Fungal

Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid

Nervous System Diseases

Meninges

Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

Pneumoencephalography

Lyme Neuroborreliosis

Central Nervous System Infections

Homovanillic Acid

Encephalitis

Meningitis, Haemophilus

Ventriculostomy

Brain Diseases

Encephalitis, Viral

Leukocytosis

Meningitis, Meningococcal

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Biological Markers

Injections, Spinal

Meningitis, Cryptococcal

Neurocysticercosis

Alzheimer Disease

Central Nervous System Viral Diseases

Meningeal Neoplasms

Injections, Intraventricular

Sensitivity and Specificity

Amyloid beta-Peptides

Dura Mater

tau Proteins

Intracranial Hypotension

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Ependyma

AIDS Dementia Complex

Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure

Enterovirus Infections

Cerebral Ventriculography

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

Pseudotumor Cerebri

Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal

Subdural Effusion

Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol

Myelography

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Meningitis, Listeria

Latex Fixation Tests

Phenylacetates

Syringomyelia

Pneumocephalus

Ethmoid Bone

Meningeal Carcinomatosis

Infant, Newborn