Pathological processes or diseases where cerebral MICROVESSELS show abnormalities. They are often associated with aging, hypertension and risk factors for lacunar infarcts (see LACUNAR INFARCTION); LEUKOARAIOSIS; and CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE.
Non-specific white matter changes in the BRAIN, often seen after age 65. Changes include loss of AXONS; MYELIN pallor, GLIOSIS, loss of ependymal cells, and enlarged perivascular spaces. Leukoaraiosis is a risk factor for DEMENTIA and CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.
Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.
Stroke caused by lacunar infarction or other small vessel diseases of the brain. It features hemiparesis (see PARESIS), hemisensory, or hemisensory motor loss.
Any of various diseases affecting the white matter of the central nervous system.
An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
The finer blood vessels of the vasculature that are generally less than 100 microns in internal diameter.
A form of secondary glaucoma which develops as a consequence of another ocular disease and is attributed to the forming of new vessels in the angle of the anterior chamber.
A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH. They are fibers of relatively large and varied diameters. Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers (NERVE FIBERS, UNMYELINATED). Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves.
A familial, cerebral arteriopathy mapped to chromosome 19q12, and characterized by the presence of granular deposits in small CEREBRAL ARTERIES producing ischemic STROKE; PSEUDOBULBAR PALSY; and multiple subcortical infarcts (CEREBRAL INFARCTION). CADASIL is an acronym for Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. CADASIL differs from BINSWANGER DISEASE by the presence of MIGRAINE WITH AURA and usually by the lack of history of arterial HYPERTENSION. (From Bradley et al, Neurology in Clinical Practice, 2000, p1146)
The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins.
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)
Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.
The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.
A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES.
The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM.
Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).
A pathological condition caused by impaired blood flow in the basal regions of cerebral hemispheres (BASAL GANGLIA), such as INFARCTION; HEMORRHAGE; or ISCHEMIA in vessels of this brain region including the lateral lenticulostriate arteries. Primary clinical manifestations include involuntary movements (DYSKINESIAS) and muscle weakness (HEMIPARESIS).
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.

Vascular pathology in the aged human brain. (1/41)

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Diffusion tensor imaging and cognition in cerebral small vessel disease: the RUN DMC study. (2/41)

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Vascular inflammation in cerebral small vessel disease. (3/41)

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Arterial stiffness and cognitive decline in well-functioning older adults. (4/41)

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Cerebral small vessel disease and risk of death, ischemic stroke, and cardiac complications in patients with atherosclerotic disease: the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance (SMART-MR) study. (5/41)

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The pathologic cascade of cerebrovascular lesions in SHRSP: is erythrocyte accumulation an early phase? (6/41)

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Frontal and temporal microbleeds are related to cognitive function: the Radboud University Nijmegen Diffusion Tensor and Magnetic Resonance Cohort (RUN DMC) Study. (7/41)

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Angiogenic T-cells and putative endothelial progenitor cells in hypertension-related cerebral small vessel disease. (8/41)

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The term "small vessel disease" encompasses a range of conditions that affect the small blood vessels in the brain, including:

1. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA): A condition characterized by the accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides in the walls of small blood vessels, leading to vascular inflammation and degeneration.
2. Cerebral infarction (CI): A condition caused by a blockage or rupture of small blood vessels in the brain, resulting in tissue damage or death due to lack of oxygen and nutrients.
3. Leukoaraiosis: A condition characterized by the degeneration of white matter in the brain, leading to a loss of myelin and axonal damage.
4. Moyamoya disease (MMD): A rare condition caused by stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery and its branches, leading to decreased blood flow to the brain.
5. Small vessel ischemic change (SVIC): A condition characterized by the degeneration of small blood vessels in the brain due to chronic hypoperfusion or other factors.
6. Vasculitis: An inflammatory condition affecting the blood vessels in the brain, leading to damage and scarring.
7. Other conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia can also contribute to the development of CSVD.

The exact pathophysiology of CSVD is complex and involves multiple factors, including genetic predisposition, aging, inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular damage. The symptoms of CSVD can vary depending on the location and severity of the affected blood vessels, but may include cognitive decline, memory loss, difficulty with speech and language, weakness or numbness in the limbs, and vision problems.

CSVD is often difficult to diagnose, as its symptoms can be similar to other conditions such as Alzheimer's disease or stroke. A comprehensive diagnostic workup may include a physical examination, medical history, neuroimaging studies (such as CT or MRI scans), and laboratory tests to rule out other conditions.

There is currently no cure for CSVD, but various treatment options are available to manage its symptoms and slow its progression. These may include medications to control hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia; lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise and a healthy diet; and rehabilitation therapies to improve cognitive and motor function. In severe cases, surgical interventions such as bypass surgery or endarterectomy may be necessary.

In conclusion, CSVD is a complex and multifactorial condition that affects the blood vessels in the brain, leading to a range of cognitive and motor symptoms. While there is currently no cure for CSVD, various treatment options are available to manage its symptoms and slow its progression. Early detection and management of underlying risk factors can help to slow the progression of CSVD and improve outcomes for affected individuals.

Leukoaraiosis can cause a range of cognitive, motor, and behavioral symptoms depending on the severity and location of the degeneration. In some cases, it may lead to difficulty with walking, balance, and coordination, as well as cognitive impairments such as memory loss and difficulty with language processing.

The term "leukoaraiosis" comes from the Greek words "leukos," meaning white, and "araia," meaning matter. It is often used interchangeably with the term "white matter degeneration."

Leukoaraiosis can be diagnosed using a variety of neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and magnetization transfer imaging (MTI). Treatment for leukoaraiosis is typically focused on managing the underlying cause of the condition, such as addressing inflammation or oxidative stress, and may include medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.

In summary, leukoaraiosis refers to the loss or degeneration of white matter in the brain, leading to a range of cognitive, motor, and behavioral symptoms. It is often seen in neurodegenerative diseases and can be diagnosed using various neuroimaging techniques. Treatment is focused on managing the underlying cause of the condition.

Types: There are several types of brain infarction, including:

1. Cerebral infarction: This type of infarction occurs when there is a blockage or obstruction in the blood vessels that supply the cerebrum, which is the largest part of the brain.
2. Cerebellar infarction: This type of infarction occurs when there is a blockage or obstruction in the blood vessels that supply the cerebellum, which is located at the base of the brain.
3. Brain stem infarction: This type of infarction occurs when there is a blockage or obstruction in the blood vessels that supply the brain stem, which is the part of the brain that controls vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Symptoms: The symptoms of brain infarction can vary depending on the location and size of the affected area, but common symptoms include:

1. Sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg
2. Sudden confusion or trouble speaking or understanding speech
3. Sudden difficulty seeing or blindness
4. Sudden difficulty walking or loss of balance
5. Sudden severe headache
6. Difficulty with coordination and movement
7. Slurred speech
8. Vision changes
9. Seizures

Diagnosis: Brain infarction is typically diagnosed using a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans. Other diagnostic tests may include blood tests to check for signs of infection or blood clotting abnormalities, and an electroencephalogram (EEG) to measure the electrical activity of the brain.

Treatment: The treatment of brain infarction depends on the underlying cause, but common treatments include:

1. Medications: To control symptoms such as high blood pressure, seizures, and swelling in the brain.
2. Endovascular therapy: A minimally invasive procedure to open or remove blockages in the blood vessels.
3. Surgery: To relieve pressure on the brain or repair damaged blood vessels.
4. Rehabilitation: To help regain lost function and improve quality of life.

Prognosis: The prognosis for brain infarction depends on the location and size of the affected area, as well as the promptness and effectiveness of treatment. In general, the earlier treatment is received, the better the outcome. However, some individuals may experience long-term or permanent disability, or even death.

Lacunar strokes typically affect only a small area of the brain, resulting in a relatively mild stroke with few symptoms. However, they can sometimes occur in clusters, leading to more severe and widespread damage.

The most common cause of lacunar stroke is the buildup of plaque in the small blood vessels of the brain, which can narrow or block the flow of blood. Other risk factors for lacunar stroke include high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, and obesity.

Symptoms of lacunar stroke may include weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, sudden vision loss, dizziness, and loss of balance or coordination.

Diagnosis of lacunar stroke is typically made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans. Treatment for lacunar stroke may include medications to dissolve blood clots, manage blood pressure, and control symptoms such as seizures or swelling. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the blockage or repair the damaged blood vessel.

Overall, while lacunar stroke is a relatively rare type of stroke, it can have a significant impact on cognitive and physical functioning, and prompt medical attention is essential for effective treatment and recovery.

There are several types of leukoencephalopathies, each with its own unique set of causes and characteristics. Some of the most common include:

1. Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD): A genetic disorder that affects the breakdown of fatty acids in the body, leading to the accumulation of toxic substances in the brain.
2. Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD): A genetic disorder that affects the metabolism of certain fats in the body, leading to the accumulation of toxic substances in the brain.
3. Krabbe disease: A rare genetic disorder that affects the breakdown of a substance called galactocerebroside in the brain, leading to the accumulation of toxic substances and progressive damage to the nervous system.
4. Niemann-Pick disease: A group of inherited disorders that affect the metabolism of certain fats in the body, leading to the accumulation of toxic substances in the brain and other organs.
5. Alexander disease: A rare genetic disorder that affects the breakdown of a substance called galactose in the brain, leading to the accumulation of toxic substances and progressive damage to the nervous system.

The symptoms of leukoencephalopathies can vary depending on the specific type of disorder and the severity of the disease. Common symptoms include:

* Cognitive impairment: Difficulty with learning, memory, and problem-solving skills.
* Motor dysfunction: Weakness, rigidity, or tremors in the muscles.
* Seizures: Abnormal electrical activity in the brain that can cause convulsions or other symptoms.
* Vision loss: Blindness or vision impairment due to damage to the optic nerve.
* Speech difficulties: Slurred speech, difficulty with articulation, or other communication challenges.
* Behavioral changes: Increased irritability, aggression, or other behavioral problems.

There is no cure for leukoencephalopathies, but treatment options are available to manage the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These may include:

1. Physical therapy: To improve motor function and reduce muscle weakness.
2. Occupational therapy: To improve daily living skills and cognitive function.
3. Speech therapy: To improve communication skills and address swallowing difficulties.
4. Medications: To control seizures, muscle spasms, or other symptoms.
5. Nutritional support: To ensure adequate nutrition and address any feeding challenges.
6. Respiratory support: To assist with breathing and manage respiratory infections.
7. Psychological support: To address behavioral changes and other psychological issues.

The prognosis for leukoencephalopathies is generally poor, as the diseases tend to progress rapidly and can lead to significant disability or death within a few years of onset. However, with appropriate management and support, many individuals with these conditions can achieve a good quality of life and live well into adulthood. It is important for families to work closely with healthcare providers to develop a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses their child's specific needs and provides ongoing support throughout their lives.

The symptoms of vascular dementia can vary depending on the location and severity of the damage to the brain, but common symptoms include:

* Memory loss, such as difficulty remembering recent events or learning new information
* Confusion and disorientation
* Difficulty with communication, including trouble finding the right words or understanding what others are saying
* Difficulty with problem-solving, decision-making, and judgment
* Mood changes, such as depression, anxiety, or agitation
* Personality changes, such as becoming more passive or suspicious
* Difficulty with coordination and movement, including trouble walking or balance

Vascular dementia can be caused by a variety of conditions that affect the blood vessels in the brain, including:

* Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA, or "mini-stroke")
* Small vessel disease, such as tiny strokes or changes in the blood vessels that occur over time
* Moyamoya disease, a rare condition caused by narrowing or blockage of the internal carotid artery and its branches
* Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, a condition in which abnormal protein deposits build up in the blood vessels of the brain
* Other conditions that can cause reduced blood flow to the brain, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease

There is no cure for vascular dementia, but there are several treatment options available to help manage its symptoms and slow its progression. These may include medications to improve memory and cognitive function, physical therapy to maintain mobility and strength, and lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet and regular exercise. In some cases, surgery or endovascular procedures may be recommended to treat the underlying cause of the dementia, such as a stroke or blocked blood vessel.

It is important for individuals with vascular dementia to receive timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment, as well as ongoing support and care from healthcare professionals, family members, and caregivers. With appropriate management, many people with vascular dementia are able to maintain their independence and quality of life for as long as possible.

1. Stroke: A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted, either due to a blockage or a rupture of the blood vessels. This can lead to cell death and permanent brain damage.
2. Cerebral vasospasm: Vasospasm is a temporary constriction of the blood vessels in the brain, which can occur after a subarachnoid hemorrhage (bleeding in the space surrounding the brain).
3. Moyamoya disease: This is a rare condition caused by narrowing or blockage of the internal carotid artery and its branches. It can lead to recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIs) or stroke.
4. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: This is a condition where abnormal protein deposits accumulate in the blood vessels of the brain, leading to inflammation and bleeding.
5. Cavernous malformations: These are abnormal collections of blood vessels in the brain that can cause seizures, headaches, and other symptoms.
6. Carotid artery disease: Atherosclerosis (hardening) of the carotid arteries can lead to a stroke or TIAs.
7. Vertebrobasilar insufficiency: This is a condition where the blood flow to the brain is reduced due to narrowing or blockage of the vertebral and basilar arteries.
8. Temporal lobe dementia: This is a type of dementia that affects the temporal lobe of the brain, leading to memory loss and other cognitive symptoms.
9. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL): This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the blood vessels in the brain, leading to recurrent stroke-like events.
10. Moyamoya disease: This is a rare condition caused by narrowing or blockage of the internal carotid artery and its branches, leading to decreased blood flow to the brain and increased risk of stroke.

It's important to note that this list is not exhaustive and there may be other causes of stroke and TIAs that are not included here. A proper diagnosis can only be made by a qualified medical professional after conducting a thorough examination and reviewing the individual's medical history.

There are several subtypes of neovascular glaucoma, including:

1. Rubeosis iridis: This is a type of neovascular glaucoma that occurs when new blood vessels grow on the surface of the iris.
2. Uveitic glaucoma: This is a type of neovascular glaucoma that occurs in people with uveitis, an inflammatory condition that affects the inner layers of the eye.
3. Chronic ocular inflammation: This is a type of neovascular glaucoma that occurs when there is chronic inflammation in the eye, leading to the growth of new blood vessels.

Neovascular glaucoma is typically diagnosed with a comprehensive eye exam, which includes a visual acuity test, dilated eye exam, and imaging tests such as ultrasound or optical coherence tomography (OCT). Treatment for neovascular glaucoma usually involves medication to reduce inflammation and pressure in the eye, as well as laser surgery to destroy the new blood vessels. In some cases, a trabeculectomy, or filter surgery, may be performed to drain excess fluid from the eye and reduce pressure.

It is caused by a mutation in the NOTCH3 gene, which is involved in the development and maintenance of blood vessels in the brain. The mutation leads to the formation of abnormal blood vessels that can rupture and cause bleeding in the brain, leading to stroke-like episodes.

Symptoms of CADASIL can vary widely among affected individuals and may include:

* Stroke-like episodes, which can cause weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, difficulty with speech and language, and loss of sensation in the limbs
* Cognitive decline, including memory loss and difficulty with concentration and attention
* Behavioral changes, such as depression, anxiety, and mood swings
* Seizures
* Vision loss
* Headaches
* Weakness or paralysis of the extremities

CADASIL is typically diagnosed in adulthood, although some individuals may experience symptoms earlier in life. There is no cure for CADASIL, but treatment can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Treatment options may include medications to control blood pressure, seizures, and other symptoms, as well as physical therapy and rehabilitation to improve function and mobility.

Overall, CADASIL is a rare and debilitating genetic disorder that can have a significant impact on quality of life. However, with proper diagnosis and management, individuals with CADASIL can lead fulfilling lives despite the challenges posed by the disease.

1. Ischemic stroke: This is the most common type of stroke, accounting for about 87% of all strokes. It occurs when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked, reducing blood flow to the brain.
2. Hemorrhagic stroke: This type of stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causing bleeding in the brain. High blood pressure, aneurysms, and blood vessel malformations can all cause hemorrhagic strokes.
3. Transient ischemic attack (TIA): Also known as a "mini-stroke," a TIA is a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain that lasts for a short period of time, usually less than 24 hours. TIAs are often a warning sign for a future stroke and should be taken seriously.

Stroke can cause a wide range of symptoms depending on the location and severity of the damage to the brain. Some common symptoms include:

* Weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg
* Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
* Sudden vision loss or double vision
* Dizziness, loss of balance, or sudden falls
* Severe headache
* Confusion, disorientation, or difficulty with memory

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability and can have a significant impact on the quality of life for survivors. However, with prompt medical treatment and rehabilitation, many people are able to recover some or all of their lost functions and lead active lives.

The medical community has made significant progress in understanding stroke and developing effective treatments. Some of the most important advances include:

* Development of clot-busting drugs and mechanical thrombectomy devices to treat ischemic strokes
* Improved imaging techniques, such as CT and MRI scans, to diagnose stroke and determine its cause
* Advances in surgical techniques for hemorrhagic stroke
* Development of new medications to prevent blood clots and reduce the risk of stroke

Despite these advances, stroke remains a significant public health problem. According to the American Heart Association, stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States and the leading cause of long-term disability. In 2017, there were over 795,000 strokes in the United States alone.

There are several risk factors for stroke that can be controlled or modified. These include:

* High blood pressure
* Diabetes mellitus
* High cholesterol levels
* Smoking
* Obesity
* Lack of physical activity
* Poor diet

In addition to these modifiable risk factors, there are also several non-modifiable risk factors for stroke, such as age (stroke risk increases with age), family history of stroke, and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).

The medical community has made significant progress in understanding the causes and risk factors for stroke, as well as developing effective treatments and prevention strategies. However, more research is needed to improve outcomes for stroke survivors and reduce the overall burden of this disease.

Types of Cognition Disorders: There are several types of cognitive disorders that affect different aspects of cognitive functioning. Some common types include:

1. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
2. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Caused by a blow or jolt to the head that disrupts brain function, resulting in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes.
3. Alzheimer's Disease: A progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss, confusion, and difficulty with communication.
4. Stroke: A condition where blood flow to the brain is interrupted, leading to cognitive impairment and other symptoms.
5. Parkinson's Disease: A neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement, balance, and cognition.
6. Huntington's Disease: An inherited disorder that causes progressive damage to the brain, leading to cognitive decline and other symptoms.
7. Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD): A group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by changes in personality, behavior, and language.
8. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A condition that develops after a traumatic event, characterized by symptoms such as anxiety, avoidance, and hypervigilance.
9. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): A condition characterized by memory loss and other cognitive symptoms that are more severe than normal age-related changes but not severe enough to interfere with daily life.

Causes and Risk Factors: The causes of cognition disorders can vary depending on the specific disorder, but some common risk factors include:

1. Genetics: Many cognitive disorders have a genetic component, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.
2. Age: As people age, their risk of developing cognitive disorders increases, such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia.
3. Lifestyle factors: Factors such as physical inactivity, smoking, and poor diet can increase the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.
4. Traumatic brain injury: A severe blow to the head or a traumatic brain injury can increase the risk of developing cognitive disorders, such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).
5. Infections: Certain infections, such as meningitis and encephalitis, can cause cognitive disorders if they damage the brain tissue.
6. Stroke or other cardiovascular conditions: A stroke or other cardiovascular conditions can cause cognitive disorders by damaging the blood vessels in the brain.
7. Chronic substance abuse: Long-term use of drugs or alcohol can damage the brain and increase the risk of cognitive disorders, such as dementia.
8. Sleep disorders: Sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea, can increase the risk of cognitive disorders, such as dementia.
9. Depression and anxiety: Mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety, can increase the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.
10. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as pesticides and heavy metals, has been linked to an increased risk of cognitive disorders.

It's important to note that not everyone with these risk factors will develop a cognitive disorder, and some people without any known risk factors can still develop a cognitive disorder. If you have concerns about your cognitive health, it's important to speak with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis.

Cerebral infarction can result in a range of symptoms, including sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, sudden vision loss, dizziness, and confusion. Depending on the location and severity of the infarction, it can lead to long-term disability or even death.

There are several types of cerebral infarction, including:

1. Ischemic stroke: This is the most common type of cerebral infarction, accounting for around 87% of all cases. It occurs when a blood clot blocks the flow of blood to the brain, leading to cell death and tissue damage.
2. Hemorrhagic stroke: This type of cerebral infarction occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, leading to bleeding and cell death.
3. Lacunar infarction: This type of cerebral infarction affects the deep structures of the brain, particularly the basal ganglia, and is often caused by small blockages or stenosis (narrowing) in the blood vessels.
4. Territorial infarction: This type of cerebral infarction occurs when there is a complete blockage of a blood vessel that supplies a specific area of the brain, leading to cell death and tissue damage in that area.

Diagnosis of cerebral infarction typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans. Treatment options vary depending on the cause and location of the infarction, but may include medication to dissolve blood clots, surgery to remove blockages, or supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

The term "cerebrovascular disease" refers specifically to conditions that affect the blood vessels of the brain, such as stroke, cerebral vasculitis, and Moyamoya disease. The basal ganglia are particularly vulnerable to cerebrovascular disease because they rely heavily on a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients from the bloodstream.

Basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease can result from a variety of causes, including:

1. Stroke or bleeding in the brain: A stroke or bleed in the brain can damage the basal ganglia and lead to basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease.
2. Cerebral vasculitis: Inflammation of the blood vessels supplying the basal ganglia can cause damage and lead to basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease.
3. Moyamoya disease: A rare condition caused by narrowing or blockage of the internal carotid artery and its branches, leading to decreased blood flow to the brain and basal ganglia.
4. Other conditions that affect blood flow to the brain, such as hypoperfusion or vasospasm.

The symptoms of basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease can vary depending on the severity and location of the damage, but may include:

1. Difficulty with movement, including weakness or paralysis on one side of the body (hemiparesis) or difficulty with coordination and balance.
2. Cognitive impairment, including memory loss, confusion, and difficulty with problem-solving.
3. Behavioral changes, such as depression, anxiety, or personality changes.
4. Seizures or other neurological symptoms, depending on the location and severity of the damage.

Diagnosis of basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans, as well as blood flow studies such as SPECT or PET scans. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include medications to control symptoms, surgery to repair or bypass blocked blood vessels, or other interventions as appropriate.

The term ischemia refers to the reduction of blood flow, and it is often used interchangeably with the term stroke. However, not all strokes are caused by ischemia, as some can be caused by other factors such as bleeding in the brain. Ischemic stroke accounts for about 87% of all strokes.

There are different types of brain ischemia, including:

1. Cerebral ischemia: This refers to the reduction of blood flow to the cerebrum, which is the largest part of the brain and responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thought, emotion, and voluntary movement.
2. Cerebellar ischemia: This refers to the reduction of blood flow to the cerebellum, which is responsible for coordinating and regulating movement, balance, and posture.
3. Brainstem ischemia: This refers to the reduction of blood flow to the brainstem, which is responsible for controlling many of the body's automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
4. Territorial ischemia: This refers to the reduction of blood flow to a specific area of the brain, often caused by a blockage in a blood vessel.
5. Global ischemia: This refers to the reduction of blood flow to the entire brain, which can be caused by a cardiac arrest or other systemic conditions.

The symptoms of brain ischemia can vary depending on the location and severity of the condition, but may include:

1. Weakness or paralysis of the face, arm, or leg on one side of the body
2. Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
3. Sudden vision loss or double vision
4. Dizziness or loss of balance
5. Confusion or difficulty with memory
6. Seizures
7. Slurred speech or inability to speak
8. Numbness or tingling sensations in the face, arm, or leg
9. Vision changes, such as blurred vision or loss of peripheral vision
10. Difficulty with coordination and balance.

It is important to seek medical attention immediately if you experience any of these symptoms, as brain ischemia can cause permanent damage or death if left untreated.

ISBN 978-1-4160-5009-4. Pantoni, Leonardo; Gorelick, Philip B. (May 2014). Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Cambridge University ... "Dementia, familial Danish - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Paul ... Articles using small message boxes, Neurodegenerative disorders, Rare diseases). ... Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in this disorder is severe. CAA is present in all regions of the central nervous system. The ...
Cerebral small vessel disease refers to a group of diseases that affect the small arteries, arterioles, venules, and ... small vessel disease (SVD) or microvascular dysfunction) is a disease of the microvessels, small blood vessels in the ... "Cerebral small vessel disease , Radiology Reference Article , Radiopaedia.org". Radiopaedia. Retrieved 13 February 2022. Zhang ... Age-related and hypertension-related small vessel diseases and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are the most common forms. Coronary ...
"Large and Small Vessel Atherosclerosis: Similarities and Differences". Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 50 (2): 112-125. ... In the skull, when blood flow is blocked or a damaged cerebral artery prevents adequate blood flow to the brain, a cerebral ... Medical conditions such as ischemic heart disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that increase the risk of surgery ... peripheral vascular disease or coronary artery disease). Some patients start feeling normal after one month, while others may ...
Pantoni, Leonardo (2010). "Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic ... Norrving, Bo (2016). "Lacunar Syndromes, Lacunar Infarcts, and Cerebral Small-vessel Disease". Stroke. Elsevier. pp. 449-465.e4 ... Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), a blood vessel failure often associated with Alzheimer's disease, utilizes dilated VRS to ... Dilation is also a common characteristic of diseases or disorders of vascular pathologies, including CADASIL (cerebral ...
... studies that link cerebral small vessel diseases to cognitive decline and lipohyalinosis being a cerebral small vessel disease ... Cerebral small vessel disease is a major cause of cognitive decline in the older populations. The results from a small pilot ... Lipohyalinosis is a cerebral small vessel disease affecting the small arteries, arterioles or capillaries in the brain. ... "Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Cognition, Mood, Daily Functioning, and Imaging Findings from a Small Pilot Sample." Dementia ...
Wardlaw, Joanna M; Smith, Colin; Dichgans, Martin (May 2013). "Mechanisms of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: insights ... particularly cerebral small vessel diseases. She is also interested in the use of imaging in pathophysiology. In 2005, Wardlaw ... "Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration". The Lancet ... Wardlaw is recognised as an expert in brain blood vessel diseases and neuroimaging. Her current research is focused on the ...
Cerebral ischemia in PXE is caused by small vessel occlusive disease. Other rare neurological complications may include ... These cracks may allow small blood vessels that were originally held back by Bruch's membrane to penetrate the retina. These ... The most common problems arise in the skin and eyes, and later in blood vessels in the form of premature atherosclerosis. PXE ... Small, yellowish papular lesions form and cutaneous laxity mainly affect the neck, axillae (armpits), groin, and flexural ...
"Dawson Fingers in Older Adults with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Population Study". European Neurology. 83 (4): 421-425. ... Schilder disease or diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis: is a rare disease that presents clinically as a pseudotumoural ... Demyelinating diseases are traditionally classified in two kinds: demyelinating myelinoclastic diseases and demyelinating ... The second group was denominated dysmyelinating diseases by Poser Therefore, since Poser demyelinating diseases normally refers ...
Seo P, Stone JH (December 2007). "Small-vessel and medium-vessel vasculitis". Arthritis Rheum. 57 (8): 1552-9. doi:10.1002/art. ... 1.5 cm) Isolated cerebral vasculitis. Affects medium and small arteries over a diffuse CNS area, without symptomatic ... Aortitis can also be considered a large-vessel disease. Takayasu arteritis. Primarily affects the aorta and its main branches. ... Arteriograms are helpful in vasculitis affecting the large and medium vessels but not helpful in small vessel vasculitis. ...
"Association Between Blood Pressure Variability and Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". ... are significantly greater than the norm are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease brain small vessel disease ... In the longer term a process termed remodeling also contributes to changing the caliber of small blood vessels and influencing ... Long-term hypertension is a risk factor for many diseases, including stroke, heart disease, and kidney failure. Long-term ...
Alzheimer's Disease, and small vessel disease. For example, her group, in collaboration with Yale's Magnetic Resonance Research ... Her research program is investigating the glymphatic system is affected in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, ... "Suppression of glymphatic fluid transport in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease". Neurobiology of Disease. 93: 215-225. doi: ... neurodegenerative disease, and aging. She received her MD in 1989 and her Ph.D in 1991, both from the University of Copenhagen ...
... and cerebral small vessel diseases involving both stroke and infarction. Abnormal gene expression of COL4A1 can contribute to ... The COL4A1 protein provides a strong layer around blood vessels. The mutation can weaken the blood vessels within the brain, ... blood clotting of vessels Cystic periventricular leukomalacia Cerebral atrophy - decrease in neuron number and size and loss of ... abnormal movements of appendages Cerebral palsy - a motor condition causing movement disabilities Blood vascular diseases such ...
This small vessel damage can also reduce the clearance of amyloid-β, thereby increasing the likelihood of CAA. Diseases ... cerebral atherosclerosis and associated diseases can cause are: Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease is a form of dementia ... Cerebral atherosclerosis is a type of atherosclerosis where build-up of plaque in the blood vessels of the brain occurs. Some ... The risk of cerebral atherosclerosis and its associated diseases appears to increase with increasing age; however there are ...
It is described as a small aneurysm on cerebral perforated vessels that could be the cause of intracranial hemorrhages. ... Bouchard is remembered for his work with infectious and nutritional diseases. He was a student of Jean Charcot at the Pitié- ... 1] The clinician, germs and infectious diseases: the example of Charles Bouchard in Paris by Alain Contrepois Charles-Joseph ... "Lectures on Auto-Intoxication in Disease, or Self-Poisoning of the Individual". Other noted writings by Bouchard are as follows ...
... which are a result of pathologies involving small vessels. Such pathologies are arteriosclerosis or cerebral amyloid angiopathy ... Microinfarcts may be the second most important cause of dementia, after Alzheimer's disease. Microinfarcts are microscopic ... "Cerebral Microinfarcts: The Invisible Lesions." Lancet Neurology 11.3 (2012): 272-282. PMC. Web. 20 Mar. 2016. Wang M, Iliff JJ ... Microinfarcts - Small Size, Big Impact Archived 2014-09-01 at archive.today. Hotchkiss Brain Institute. Retrieved September 1, ...
Schilder-Foix disease, Nonprogressive sclerotic lesions of the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere. Charles Foix @ Who ... Foix-Alajouanine syndrome, softening of the grey matter of the spinal cord with obliterative sclerosis of the small vessels. ... Foix's syndrome II, ophtalmoplegic disease secondary to intracranial aneurysmas or thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. ...
... (RCVS, sometimes called Call-Fleming syndrome) is a disease characterized by a ... One small, possibly biased study found that the condition was eventually diagnosed in 45% of outpatients with sudden headache, ... Symptoms are thought to arise from transient abnormalities in the blood vessels of the brain. In some cases, it may be ... If it occurs after delivery it may be referred to as postpartum cerebral angiopathy. For the vast majority of patients, all ...
... microcirculation rarefaction precede white matter lesions in a mouse genetic model of cerebral ischemic small vessel disease. ... Joutel studies the pathogenic mechanisms of small vessel diseases (SVD) of the brain. She has a long-standing interest in ... Anne Joutel, M.D. Ph.D." Leducq Center Against Small Vessel Disease. Retrieved 10 May 2021. "The Institute". Institute of ... "French Neuroscientists Awarded 2019 Brain Prize for their Research into Small Vessel Strokes". British Neuroscience Association ...
... a model of small vessel diseases of the brain]". J. Soc. Biol. 196 (1): 109-15. doi:10.1051/jbio/2002196010109. PMID 12134625. ... Mutations in NOTCH3 have been identified as the underlying cause of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical ... "Exome sequencing reveals an unexpected genetic cause of disease: NOTCH3 mutation in a Turkish family with Alzheimer's disease ... Guidetti D, Casali B, Mazzei RL, Dotti MT (2006). "Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and ...
... in patients with cerebral small vessel disease". Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 28 (1): 81-87. doi:10.1159/ ... such as Parkinson's disease, vascular cognitive impairment, Huntington's disease, brain metastasis, sleep behaviour disorder, ... Other studies have tested the MoCA on patients with Alzheimer's disease. The National Institutes of Health and the Canadian ... people with Alzheimer's disease scored an average of 16.2. In a study by Ihle-Hansen et al. (2017), of 3,413 Norwegian ...
Small vessel thrombosis affecting one or more organs, systems, or tissue; must be documented by histopathology. In addition to ... Diseases of veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes). ... Cerebral vein thrombosis. Portal vein thrombosis, hepatic vein ... A very small number of people who develop blood clots have a more serious and often life-threatening condition, known as ... Stroke and/or transient ischemic attack, in the absence of severe atherosclerotic disease and at an age less than 60 years. ...
... her team identified several other genes involved in cerebral small-vessel diseases and cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) ... Treat Small Vessel Diseases. Retrieved 9 May 2021. Joutel, Anne (2004). "Pathogenic Mutations Associated with Cerebral ... With the geneticist Marie-Germaine Bousser, she discovered a genetic disease, designated by the acronym CADASIL (cerebral ... Recently, she has been involved in researching moyamoya disease. The major awards and honours won by Tournier-Lasserve and her ...
... and brain biopsy findings suggest a small vessel vasculopathy leading to arteriolar occlusion and microinfarction of cerebral, ... Autoimmune diseases, Neurological disorders, Vascular diseases, Rare syndromes, Syndromes affecting the nervous system). ... which revealed sclerosis of the media and adventitia of small pial and cortical vessels, suggestive of a healed angiitis. Both ... Most lesions were small (3 to 7 mm), though some were larger than 7 mm. All 27 patients had corpus callosum lesions. These all ...
... as well as Aβ deposits in the walls of small blood vessel walls in the brain called cerebral amyloid angiopathy. AD is also ... Small GW, Ercoli LM, Silverman DH, Huang SC, Komo S, Bookheimer SY, et al. (May 2000). "Cerebral metabolic and cognitive ... Kerr ML, Small DH (April 2005). "Cytoplasmic domain of the beta-amyloid protein precursor of Alzheimer's disease: function, ... "Diminished cerebral glucose metabolism: A key pathology in Alzheimer's disease" (PDF). Retrieved 9 October 2013. De Felice FG ( ...
This disease affects small blood vessels, leading to damage of multiple organs including but not limited to the retina and the ... the disease is truly a multi-system disorder characterized by chronic kidney disease, liver disease, and frequently other ... "Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy , Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS Program". " ... Vessels can exhibit obliterative fibrosis in all the layers of vessel walls, as well as perivascular, adventitial fibrosis with ...
High blood pressure weakens arteries (small vessel disease) and causes blood vessels to be more likely to clog and/or burst. A ... remodels vessel structure and function by increasing oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, and altering cerebral blood flow ... Hypertension→ Small vessel disease → Lacunar infarction & Intracerebral hemorrhage → Tissue damage Vascular dementia develops ... Diseases that can cause secondary hypertension include diabetic nephropathy, glomerular disease, polycystic kidney disease, ...
Small vessel disease involves the smaller arteries inside the brain: branches of the circle of Willis, middle cerebral artery, ... Diseases that may form thrombi in the small vessels include (in descending incidence): lipohyalinosis (build-up of fatty ... Diseases that may form thrombi in the large vessels include (in descending incidence): atherosclerosis, vasoconstriction ( ... Two types of thrombosis can cause stroke: Large vessel disease involves the common and internal carotid arteries, the vertebral ...
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, a disease characterized by deposition of amyloid beta peptides in the walls of the small blood ... A catheter may be passed into the brain vasculature to close off or dilate blood vessels, avoiding invasive surgical procedures ... It accounts for 20% of all cases of cerebrovascular disease in the United States, behind cerebral thrombosis (40%) and cerebral ... A very small proportion is due to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.[citation needed] Risk factors for ICH include: Hypertension ...
Small balloons can be inflated inside a narrowed vessel to open it. These can then be safely deflated and removed. Some ... Either can result in degrees of cerebral ischemia. Carotid artery disease can be typically addressed with open surgical ... These can be used for a variety of applications depending on the vessel and the nature of the disease. Sometimes multiple ... A small cut is made in the skin and a tiny needle called a cryoprobe is inserted. Using image-guidance - either by a computed ...
... of disability in individuals who have a small subcortical ischemic stroke as a result of severe cerebral small vessel disease. ... Those of male biological sex have been found to have a less convoluted (small fractal dimension) right anterior wall of the ... Demonstrating position of the central sulcus of the left cerebral hemisphere Primary motor cortex Primary somatosensory cortex ... in the cerebral cortex in the brains of vertebrates. It is sometimes confused with the longitudinal fissure. The central sulcus ...
Focal brain ischemia occurs when a blood clot has occluded a cerebral vessel. Focal brain ischemia reduces blood flow to a ... Moyamoya disease has also been identified as a potential cause for brain ischemia. Moyamoya disease is an extremely rare ... Even a small amount of plaque build up can result in the narrowing of passageways, causing that area to become more prone to ... This leads to poor oxygen supply or cerebral hypoxia and thus leads to the death of brain tissue or cerebral infarction/ ...
The cerebral aqueduct is a narrow channel in the midbrain, which connects the third and fourth ventricles. When a tumor blocks ... Since there is such a small number of cases that have been reported, the treatment guidelines have not been established. A ... These proteins arise from blood vessels, nerve cells and muscle cells. These tumors, papillary tumors in this case, have no ... The value of radiotherapy as well as chemotherapy on disease progression will need to be investigated in future trials. With ...
In one small study, around 1/3 of patients with CADASIL were found to have cerebral microhemorrhages (tiny areas of old blood) ... "The Brain Prize 2019: French neuroscientists honoured for outstanding research into small vessel strokes in the brain". FENS. ... although MRI is able to detect signs of the disease years prior to clinical manifestation of disease. The condition was ... The disease belongs to a family of disorders called the leukodystrophies. The most common clinical manifestations are migraine ...
As the dorsal and ventral column cells proliferate, the lumen of the neural tube narrows to form the small central canal of the ... The epidural space is filled with adipose tissue, and it contains a network of blood vessels. The arachnoid mater, the middle ... The corticospinal tract serves as the motor pathway for upper motor neuronal signals coming from the cerebral cortex and from ... Spinal cord injury can also be non-traumatic and caused by disease (transverse myelitis, polio, spina bifida, Friedreich's ...
... is a form of angiopathy in which amyloid beta peptide deposits in the walls of small to medium blood vessels of the central ... Verbeek, M. M.; Waal, R. M. de; Vinters, Harry V. (2013). Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Alzheimer's Disease and Related ... In all cases, it is defined by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the leptomeningal and cerebral vessel walls. CAA ... The aim in cerebral amyloid angiopathy is to treat the symptoms, as there is no current cure. Physical, occupational and/or ...
January 2022). "Lewy body disease or diseases with Lewy bodies?". NPJ Parkinson's Disease (Review). 8 (1): 3. doi:10.1038/ ... As of 2020, there has been little study on the best management for non-motor symptoms such as sleep disorders and autonomic ... Areas of the brain and functions affected: cerebral cortex - thought, perception and language; limbic cortex - emotions and ... Alpha-synuclein deposits can affect cardiac muscle and blood vessels. "Degeneration of the cardiac sympathetic nerves is a ...
Additionally iron deposition occurs in different neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease that ... A small genetic study looked at fifteen MS patients who also had CCSVI. It found 234 specific copy number variations in the ... Haacke EM, Garbern J, Miao Y, Habib C, Liu M (April 2010). "Iron stores and cerebral veins in MS studied by susceptibility ... Zamboni theorized that malformed blood vessels cause increased deposition of iron in the brain, which in turn triggers ...
The whale eye is relatively small for its size, yet they do retain a good degree of eyesight. As well as this, the eyes of a ... Hof, Patrick R.; Van Der Gucht, Estel (2007). "Structure of the cerebral cortex of the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae ( ... These pollutants can cause gastrointestinal cancers and greater vulnerability to infectious diseases. They can also be poisoned ... during which whales do not respond to passing vessels unless they are in contact, leading to the suggestion that whales ...
Blood vessels enter the central nervous system through holes in the meningeal layers. The cells in the blood vessel walls are ... A prion disease called kuru has been traced to this. Brain-computer interface Central nervous system disease List of ... The brain is small and simple in some species, such as nematode worms; in other species, including vertebrates, it is the most ... In mammals, the cerebral cortex tends to show large slow delta waves during sleep, faster alpha waves when the animal is awake ...
When catecholamines activate the alpha receptor, the vessel constricts (gets smaller), which results in hypertension. However, ... disease 10% of patients have extra-adrenal (paraganglioma) disease 10% of patients have inherited (familial disease) Despite ... May 2010). "Cerebral ischaemic stroke and bilateral pheochromocytoma". BMJ Case Reports. 2010: bcr1220092535. doi:10.1136/bcr. ... "Rare Disease Day 2021 - 28 Feb". Rare Disease Day - 28 Feb 2021. Retrieved 2020-08-26. "Home". NORD (National Organization for ...
Hereditary connective tissue diseases include autosomal polycystic kidney disease, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, ... A complete occlusion of the artery can result in cerebral ischemia as the brain is depleted of oxygen-rich blood. Because the ... Cervical artery dissections begin initially with a small tear in the innermost layer of the arterial wall, the tunica intima, ... Tucker WD, Arora Y, Mahajan K (2021). "Anatomy, Blood Vessels". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID ...
Fordyce's spots are small, raised, yellowish-white spots 1-2 mm in diameter that may appear on the penis, which again are ... In Peyronie's disease, anomalous scar tissue grows in the soft tissue of the penis, causing curvature. Severe cases can be ... The corpus cavernosum forms most of the penis and contains blood vessels that fill with blood to help make an erection. The ... Brain centers that regulate urination include the pontine micturition center, periaqueductal gray, and the cerebral cortex. ...
Several laboratories have managed to record signals from monkey and rat cerebral cortices to operate BCIs to produce movement. ... Due to the nature of these small signals, for BCI systems that incorporate functionality onto an integrated circuit, each ... Berger analyzed the interrelation of alternations in his EEG wave diagrams with brain diseases. EEGs permitted completely new ... possibly due to endothelial incorporation of the Stentrode into the vessel wall. First-in-human trials with the Stentrode are ...
This demonstrated that the blood-brain barrier was broken by cerebral blood vessels, thus interfering with white matter ... The rate of change from a normal oxygen environment and how little oxygen is in the new environment can be used to predict the ... Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 52 (6): 467-484. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2010.02.003. PMID 20417340. Rosenberg, Gary (2012). ... High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a medical condition in which the brain swells with fluid because of the physiological ...
The treatise on Diseases II physicians are warned about the illnesses associated with air in the body, particularly in the ... In his treatise, On Anatomy, pneuma was inhaled by the lungs and sent to the brain ventricles via the vessels of the body where ... He further identified 8 of the cerebral nerves and tracked them to the spinal cord and throughout the body. The choroid plexus ... Epicurus believed that the separation of these small particles resulted in a loss of sensation, and consequently, death. Like ...
Hughes GR (October 1983). "Thrombosis, abortion, cerebral disease, and the lupus anticoagulant". Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.). ... Evidence of small vessel thrombosis in at least one organ or tissue and d) Laboratory confirmation of the presence of aPL. VDRL ... The syndrome can be divided into primary (no underlying disease state) and secondary (in association with an underlying disease ... or small vessel thrombosis - other than superficial venous thrombosis - in any tissue or organ by objective validated criteria ...
Cerebral angiography may demonstrate smaller clots than CT or MRI, and obstructed veins may give the "corkscrew appearance". ... injury to the blood vessel wall, and alterations in the constitution of blood (hypercoagulability). Most cases of cerebral ... a kidney problem causing protein loss in the urine Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, lupus and ... Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis or cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), is the ...
Depending on the vessel being imaged, the volume of contrast is tracked using a region of interest (abbreviated "R.O.I.") at a ... A small bolus of radio-opaque contrast media is injected into a patient via a peripheral intravenous cannula. ... This method of imaging is used primarily to produce images of arteries, such as the aorta, pulmonary artery, cerebral, carotid ... in order to detect vascular diseases. For example, an abdominal aortic angiography is taken in the arterial phase in the ...
Alzheimer's disease, for example, is much more likely to develop in a person who has experienced a head injury. Brain damage, ... Small GW (June 2002). "What we need to know about age-related memory loss". BMJ. 324 (7352): 1502-5. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7352. ... Cerebral contusion is bruising of the brain tissue. The piamater is not breached in contusion in contrary to lacerations. The ... most often the suprasellar cistern because of the presence of the vessels of the circle of Willis and their branch points ...
In the small intestines, the ATP7A protein helps control the absorption of copper from food. In other cells, the protein ... blood vessels and the nervous system such as lysyl oxidase. As with other X-linked disorders, female children of a carrier ... and focal cerebral and cerebellar degeneration". Pediatrics. 29: 764-779. PMID 14472668. "Research Overview". ... Even though the disease is more common in males, females can still be a carrier of the disease. As the result of a mutation in ...
The adrenal medulla consists of irregularly shaped cells grouped around blood vessels. These cells are intimately connected ... "Diseases of the adrenal medulla". Acta Physiologica. 192 (2): 325-335. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01809.x. PMC 2576282. PMID ... and a small amount of dopamine, in response to stimulation by sympathetic preganglionic neurons. ... and affective areas of the cerebral cortex influence the adrenal medulla". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of ...
Computational flow studies conclude that the presence of an aortic valve bypass conduit has no effect on cerebral blood flow. ... Takemura T, Tsuda Y. Apicoaortic conduit insertion for elderly patients with acquired aortic stenosis and small aortic annulus ... J of Heart Valve Disease 2004;13:57-63. Thourani VH, Keeling WB, Guyton RA, Dara A, Hurst SD, Lattouf OM, Outcomes of Off-Pump ... effectively pinching and isolating one side of the great vessel. Blood continues to flow to the body's lower half through the ...
... releasing hemoglobin directly into the blood vessels and into the urine, frequently leading to kidney failure. The disease was ... Blackwater fever is a serious complication of malaria, but cerebral malaria has a higher mortality rate. Blackwater fever is ... Articles using small message boxes, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Malaria). ... Zoologist John Samuel Budgett died from the disease in 1904, after returning from a collecting trip to West Africa, in search ...
Also, transplanted mesenchymal stem cells pose little risk for rejection as they are derived from the patients own tissue, so ... This form of treatment for the disease has been tested in many studies of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the animal ... They can secrete factors that stimulate the function of brain cells, leading to neuron formation, blood vessel formation, and ... microbubble enhances migration and therapeutic efficacy of marrow mesenchymal stem cell on rat middle cerebral artery occlusion ...
Neurostimulators have been in use since 1997 to ease the symptoms of such diseases as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, dystonia ... "Tiny electronic implants monitor brain injury, then melt away". University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. January 18, 2016. " ... This was the first time a brain-computer interface was implanted via the patient's blood vessels, eliminating the need for open ... That is, an electrode array built onto a self-expanding stent, implanted into the brain via cerebral angiography. This pathway ...
Bullous lymphedema Bullous small vessel vasculitis (bullous variant of small vessel vasculitis) Calciphylaxis Caput succedaneum ... Adult linear IgA disease Bullous pemphigoid Bullous lupus erythematosus Childhood linear IgA disease (chronic bullous disease ... nasal cerebral heterotopia, nasal heterotopic brain tissue) Nasolacrimal duct cyst Nevus psiloliparus Non-involuting congenital ... Weil's disease) Listeriosis Ludwig's angina Lupoid sycosis Lyme disease (Afzelius' disease, Lyme borreliosis) Lymphogranuloma ...
Also, an increase in cardiac activity and change in the tonus of the heart vessels occurs, which is an elementary indication of ... Posteroventral pallidotomy (PVP) is a specific kind of DBS that destroys a small part of the globus pallidus by scarring the ... When activated, the direct pathway sends sensory and motor information from the cerebral cortex to the first structure of the ... Though it is often most associated with Parkinson's disease, hypokinesia can be present in a wide variety of other conditions. ...
When brain tissue from a person with CJD is examined under a microscope, many tiny holes can be seen where the nerve cells have ... Larger vacuoles encircling neurons, vessels, and glia are a possible processing artifact. Types of CJD include: Sporadic (sCJD ... Characteristic findings are as follows: Focal or diffuse diffusion-restriction involving the cerebral cortex and/or basal ... Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease @ Who Named It "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Classic (CJD) , Prion Diseases , CDC". www.cdc.gov. 1 ...
See also Cerebral infarction and Stroke recovery Disease theory of alcoholism - problem drinking is sometimes caused by a ... Electroencephalography (EEG) measuring small voltage changes on the scalp has been utilized. See also Right to silence a common ... Stimulation of stretch sensors that sense dilation of various blood vessels may result in pain, for example headache caused by ... While still regarded as a rare disease (1:12,500 in 1998 and rising), it is common when compared to many other genetic diseases ...
The aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate the retinal vessels in these disorders, using dynamic vessel analyzer ( ... and histopathological studies have demonstrated that structural changes of the retina affect subjects with Alzheimers disease ... Although cerebral small vessel disease has thus been implicated in the development of AD and MCI, the cerebral microcirculation ... Relation of cerebral vessel disease to Alzheimers disease dementia and cognitive function in elderly people: a cross-sectional ...
View Full Project Details for Sphingosine 1 phosphate signaling in cerebral small vessel disease ... Category A. Molecular Pathogenesis and Physiology of Alzheimers Disease and Alzheimers Disease-related Dementias (AD/ADRDs) ... Association Between Cerebral Arterial Vascular Flow and Sleep Apnea in Neurodegenerative Alterations ... AMP-AD Knowledge Portal] Interdisciplinary Research to Understand the Interplay of Diabetes, Cerebrovascular Disease and ...
Cerebral small vessel disease is a leading cause of stroke and a major contributor to cognitive decline and dementia, but our ... Gene-mapping study of extremes of cerebral small vessel disease reveals TRIM47 as a strong candidate.. Mishra, Aniket; Duplaà, ... exome association study on a composite extreme phenotype of cerebral small vessel disease derived from its most common MRI ... an important hallmark of cerebral small vessel disease pathology. Overall, our comprehensive gene-mapping study and preliminary ...
Cerebral small vessel diseases (SVDs), including white matter lesions (WML), silent lacunar infarction (SLI) and cerebral ... Cerebral small vessel diseases (SVDs), including white matter lesions (WML), silent lacunar infarction (SLI) and cerebral ... Cerebral small vessel diseases (SVDs), including white matter lesions (WML), silent lacunar infarction (SLI) and cerebral ... Cerebral small vessel diseases (SVDs), including white matter lesions (WML), silent lacunar infarction (SLI) and cerebral ...
Synergistic associations of cognitive and motor impairments with functional outcome in covert cerebral small vessel disease. ... Synergistic associations of cognitive and motor impairments with functional outcome in covert cerebral small vessel disease ... Synergistic associations of cognitive and motor impairments with functional outcome in covert cerebral small vessel disease ... Synergistic associations of cognitive and motor impairments with functional outcome in covert cerebral small vessel disease ...
... indicators and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) with depressive states, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of white ... and the incidence of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is also on the rise. CSVD is a highly prevalent age-related disease. ... Gu, Y., Zhao, P., Feng, W. et al. Structural brain network measures in elderly patients with cerebral small vessel disease and ... Cerebral small vessel disease and risk of incident stroke, dementia and depression, and all-cause mortality: a systematic ...
Brain Diseases, Metabolic. Brain Diseases. Central Nervous System Diseases. Nervous System Diseases. Cerebral Small Vessel ... Vascular Diseases. Cardiovascular Diseases. Genetic Diseases, X-Linked. Genetic Diseases, Inborn. Metabolism, Inborn Errors. ... Fabry Disease. Sphingolipidoses. Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Nervous System. Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn. ... Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center resources: Fabry Disease Sphingolipidosis U.S. FDA: Expanded Access (Compassionate ...
Myocyte senescence and cSVD may represent alternative vessel fates in the aging human brain. ... Senescent-appearing mural cells were present in small arteries of all cases. cSVD cases exhibited a lower proportion of ... Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) in penetrating arteries is a major cause of age-related morbidity. Cellular senescence is ... Small vessel disease, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Brain, Cellular Senescence, Cerebral Arteries, Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases, ...
... related brain small-vessel disease is part of a group of conditions called the COL4A1 -related disorders. Explore symptoms, ... COL4A1 mutations as a monogenic cause of cerebral small vessel disease: a systematic review. Stroke. 2010 Aug;41(8):e513-8. doi ... medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/col4a1-related-brain-small-vessel-disease/ COL4A1-related brain small-vessel disease. ... In people with COL4A1-related brain small-vessel disease, the vasculature in the brain weakens, which can lead to blood vessel ...
OBJECTIVE: Cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVDs) are common causes of cognitive impairments and mood disorders. In recent year ... of cognitive impairment and mood disorder with event-related potential P300 in patients with cerebral small vessel diseases. ... of cognitive impairment and mood disorder with event-related potential P300 in patients with cerebral small vessel diseases ... OBJECTIVE: Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a rare congenital disease which results in hypopituitarism. Patients ...
Human immunodeficiency virus-associated cytomegalovirus infection with multiple small vessel cerebral infarcts in the setting ... Fiore AE, Uyeki TM, Broder K, Finelli L, Euler GL, Singleton JA, et al.; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ... chronic kidney disease (CKD; ICD-9 codes 580-587), cancer (ICD-9 codes 140-208), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; ... The accuracy of major disease diagnoses (e.g., diabetes mellitus and cerebrovascular disease [CVD]) in the NHIRD has been well ...
... small vessel disease ... a common and important age-related cerebral small vessel ... cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cortical superficial siderosis, intracerebral haemorrhage, magnetic resonance imaging, ... In cerebral amyloid angiopathy cohorts, cortical superficial siderosis is associated with characteristic clinical symptoms, ... Although cortical superficial siderosis has many possible causes, it is emerging as a key feature of cerebral amyloid ...
Hypertensive small vessel disease results from tiny lipohyalinotic aneurysms that subsequently rupture and result in ... Other large vessels besides the middle cerebral artery (MCA) can produce a dense vessel sign when occluded. View Media Gallery ... Large-vessel ischemic strokes more commonly affect the middle cerebral artery territory, with the anterior cerebral artery ... Other large vessels besides the middle cerebral artery (MCA) can produce a dense vessel sign when occluded. ...
... is a peer-reviewed electronic journal established by the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. ... is a peer-reviewed electronic journal established by the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. ... and others who strive to improve the health of the public through chronic disease prevention. ... and others who strive to improve the health of the public through chronic disease prevention. ...
STRIVEing to describe small vessel disease. The Lancet Neurology. Published: May 23, 2023 ... Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is characterised by the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) on brain blood-vessel walls, and is the main ... Beyond Alzheimers disease, however, increasing evidence suggests that systemic as well as cerebral inflammation can drive ... Skin diseases comprise one of the largest disease burdens worldwide and may be associated with anxiety, low self-esteem, or ...
Multiple sclerosis, cerebral small vessel disease, differential diagnosis, imaging. UCL classification:. UCL. UCL , Provost and ... BACKGROUND: Differentiating multiple sclerosis (MS) from vascular risk factor (VRF)-small vessel disease (SVD) can be ... role of pontine lesion location in differentiating multiple sclerosis from vascular risk factor-related small vessel disease. ... role of pontine lesion location in differentiating multiple sclerosis from vascular risk factor-related small vessel disease ...
... said that severity of cognitive complications and cerebral small vessel disease which can starve the brain of oxygen is much ... Parkinsons Disease. Parkinson s disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by progressive dopamine brain cells loss. ... The information should not be used for either diagnosis or treatment or both for any health related problem or disease. Always ... Diabetes is a metabolic disease caused by insulin deficiency that leads to high blood sugar levels and ... ...
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease-Related Dementia: More Questions Than Answers. Elahi, F. M., Wang, M. M. & Meschia, J. F., Mar 1 ... Embracing Monogenic Parkinsons Disease: The MJFF Global Genetic PD Cohort. the MJFF Global Genetic Parkinsons Disease Study ... The landscape of metabolic brain alterations in Alzheimers disease. for the Alzheimers Disease Metabolomics Consortium (ADMC) ... for the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Dec 2023, In: Molecular neurodegeneration. 18, 1, 2.. Research output: ...
The presumed etiology of subcortical vascular dementia is small vessel occlusive disease. Functional radioisotope studies such ... The effect of acetozolamide on regional cerebral blood flow in patients with Alzheimers disease or stroke as measured by ... provide valuable insights into the study of subcortical diseases such as SIVD and cortical diseases such as Alzheimers disease ... demented patients with probable Alzheimers disease (n = 18), a mildly cognitively impaired group with white matter disease (n ...
Keywords: Alzheimers disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cerebral microbleeds, cerebral small vessel disease, cortical ... Together with cerebral microbleeds (CMB), they are recognized as a small vessel disease marker associated with cerebral amyloid ... Keywords: Alzheimers disease, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, lipid pattern, mixed dementia, subcortical small vessel ... Keywords: Alzheimers disease, cerebrovascular diseases, cognition, cortical cerebral microinfarcts, ethnicity, intracranial ...
RUN DMC (cerebral small vessel disease). Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a frequent finding on CT and MRI scans of ... ODYSSEY-MRI ODYSSEY (young stroke) FUTURE study (young stroke) RUN DMC (cerebral small vessel disease) ... with cerebral SVD. First follow up is being prepared for July 2011. Participants alive will be included and invited to the ...
Associations of Blood Pressure and Carotid Flow Velocity with Brain Volume and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in a Community- ... The BASDAI Cut-Off for Disease Activity Corresponding to the ASDAS Scores in a Taiwanese Cohort of Ankylosing Spondylitis. Chen ... Aetiology, practice patterns and burden of end-stage kidney disease in South Asia and South-East Asia: A questionnaire-based ... Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: Disease severity using image analysis and correlation with systemic proinflammation and ...
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. *Cerebral Vasospasm. *Cerebrovascular Disease. *Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) ... AI software detection of large vessel occlusion stroke on CT angiography. : A real-world prospective diagnostic test accuracy ... The Efficacy of IV Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Restoring Cerebral Blood Flow in the Hours Immediately after Administration ... Endovascular Therapy vs Medical Management for Patients with Acute Stroke with Medium Vessel Occlusion in the Anterior ...
INflammation and Small Vessel Disease (INSVD). Research key words. Cerebral small vessel disease. Inflammation. Dementia. ... In vivo neuroinflammation and cerebral small vessel disease in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimers disease. J Neurol ... Inflammation and cerebral small vessel disease: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev. 2020; 53:100916. doi:10.1016/j.arr. ... I am also interested in studying the early risk factors of dementia, and how cerebral small vessel disease is involved in early ...
We aimed to examine the association of decreased haemoglobin levels with markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), ... including cerebral microbleeds, cortical cerebral microinfarcts, lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces and white matter ... Decreased haemoglobin levels were associated with cerebral microbleeds, specifically lobar microbleeds (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04- ... and smaller accumbens volume (mean difference, − 0.01; 95% CI, − 0.02, 0.00; p = 0.005). A significant association was also ...
Gene-mapping study of extremes of cerebral small vessel disease reveals TRIM47 as a strong candidate.. Aniket Mishra , Cécile ... Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2022, 42 (4), pp.613-629. ⟨10.1177/0271678X211048981⟩ ... Clinical trajectories and impact of acute kidney disease after acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: a 5-year single- ... Infectious Diseases Now, 2022, 52 (3), pp.154-159. ⟨10.1016/j.idnow.2022.01.009⟩ ...
Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases Entry term(s). Cerebral Microangiopathies Cerebral Microangiopathy Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ... Cerebral Microangiopathy. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Microangiopathies, Cerebral. Microangiopathy, Cerebral. Tree number(s ... Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases - Preferred Concept UI. M0549512. Scope note. Pathological processes or diseases where cerebral ... Pathological processes or diseases where cerebral MICROVESSELS show abnormalities. They are often associated with aging, ...
Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases 26% * Cohort Studies 26% * Headache 26% * Mental Status and Dementia Tests 25% ...
Understanding cerebral small vessel disease. *Animal Welfare Masters programmes wins innovation accolade ...
  • Alzheimer's disease is preceded by a variable transitional phase, which affects older subjects with heterogeneous cognitive and functional impairment, the latter not crossing the threshold for dementia. (nature.com)
  • Cerebral small vessel disease is a leading cause of stroke and a major contributor to cognitive decline and dementia , but our understanding of specific genes underlying the cause of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease is limited. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although cortical superficial siderosis has many possible causes, it is emerging as a key feature of cerebral amyloid angiopathy, a common and important age-related cerebral small vessel disorder leading to intracerebral haemorrhage and dementia. (eur.nl)
  • The presumed etiology of subcortical vascular dementia is small vessel occlusive disease. (ajnr.org)
  • Functional radioisotope studies such as positron emission tomography and single-photon emission CT (SPECT), and functional MR imaging reports such as the current study, have shown decreases in cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption, NAA, and NAA/Cr in subcortical vascular dementia. (ajnr.org)
  • However, little is known of cardiometabolic risk factors in the subcortical small vessel type of dementia (SSVD), in which WMHs are one of the most prominent manifestations. (iospress.com)
  • Objective: To determine whether the profile of cardiometabolic risk factors differed between SSVD, Alzheimer's disease (AD), mixed dementia (combined AD and SSVD), and healthy controls. (iospress.com)
  • Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a frequent finding on CT and MRI scans of elderly people and is related to vascular risk factors and cognitive and motor impairment, ultimately leading to dementia or parkinsonism in some. (tuladhar.net)
  • I am also interested in studying the early risk factors of dementia, and how cerebral small vessel disease is involved in early dementia pathogenesis. (cam.ac.uk)
  • In particular, I am interested in how cerebral small vessel disease relates to established dementia risk factors and molecular imaging markers of dementia (e.g., amyloid, tau, neuroinflammation), as a way to further our understanding of how various pathologies interact in their contribution to neurodegeneration and clinical outcomes. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of dementia and midlife cerebral small vessel disease in cognitively healthy midlife adults: the PREVENT-Dementia study. (cam.ac.uk)
  • CAIDE dementia risk score relates to severity and progression of cerebral small vessel disease in healthy midlife adults: the PREVENT-Dementia study. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Inherited risk of dementia and the progression of cerebral small vessel disease and inflammatory markers in cognitively healthy midlife adults: the PREVENT-Dementia study. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Cerebral small vessel diseases (SVDs), including white matter lesions (WML), silent lacunar infarction (SLI) and cerebral microbleeds (CMB), are considered to develop in conjunction with pro-atherogenic conditions, measured by CAC scores. (korea.ac.kr)
  • After providing information on demographics, anthropometry and cardiovascular risk factors, participants underwent 3-T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure markers of CSVD, including cerebral microbleeds, cortical cerebral microinfarcts, lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces and white matter hyperintensities, as well as neurodegenerative markers, including cortical thickness and subcortical structure volumes quantified using FreeSurfer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) include lacunes, white matter hyperintensities, cerebral microbleeds and cortical cerebral microinfarcts, whereas surrogate markers of neurodegeneration include cortical and subcortical atrophy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, the association of haemoglobin with cerebral microbleeds, and cortical cerebral microinfarcts remain unstudied. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cerebral microbleeds in CADASIL: a gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging and autopsy study. (cdc.gov)
  • Flow velocity and pulsatility index were measured in the middle cerebral, basilar and intracranial internal carotid arteries of a sample of 141 diabetic patients with no other risk factors, and 132 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. (who.int)
  • Combined evidence from summary-based Mendelian randomization studies and profiling of human loss-of-function allele carriers showed an inverse relation between TRIM47 expression in the brain and blood vessels and extensive small vessel disease severity . (bvsalud.org)
  • We observed significant enrichment of Trim47 in isolated brain vessel preparations compared to total brain fraction in mice , in line with the literature showing Trim47 enrichment in brain endothelial cells at single cell level. (bvsalud.org)
  • Functional evaluation of TRIM47 by small interfering RNAs-mediated knockdown in human brain endothelial cells showed increased endothelial permeability , an important hallmark of cerebral small vessel disease pathology . (bvsalud.org)
  • Myocyte senescence and cSVD may represent alternative vessel fates in the aging human brain. (ox.ac.uk)
  • COL4A1 -related brain small-vessel disease is part of a group of conditions called the COL4A1 -related disorders. (medlineplus.gov)
  • COL4A1 -related brain small-vessel disease is characterized by weakening of the blood vessels in the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with COL4A1 -related brain small vessel disease also have leukoencephalopathy, which is a change in a type of brain tissue called white matter that can be seen with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some people with COL4A1 -related brain small-vessel disease have an eye abnormality called Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some individuals with COL4A1 -related brain small-vessel disease do not have any signs or symptoms of the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • COL4A1 -related brain small-vessel disease is a rare condition, although the exact prevalence is unknown. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As the name suggests, mutations in the COL4A1 gene cause COL4A1 -related brain small vessel disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The COL4A1 gene mutations that cause COL4A1 -related brain small-vessel disease result in the production of a protein that disrupts the structure of type IV collagen. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In people with COL4A1 -related brain small-vessel disease, the vasculature in the brain weakens, which can lead to blood vessel breakage and stroke . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Ischemia also directly results in dysfunction of the cerebral vasculature, with breakdown of the blood-brain barrier occurring within 4-6 hours after infarction. (medscape.com)
  • In the impressive brain-behavior multidisciplinary study in this issue of the AJNR (page 621), Capizzano et al evaluated four study groups: demented patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD)(n = 11), demented patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (n = 18), a mildly cognitively impaired group with white matter disease (n = 14), and a healthy control group (n = 20). (ajnr.org)
  • Senior author Dr. Caterina Rosano, associate professor in Pitt Public Health's Department of Epidemiology, said that severity of cognitive complications and cerebral small vessel disease which can starve the brain of oxygen is much more intense than they expected, but it can be measured in a clinical setting. (medindia.net)
  • The RUN DMC study is a prospective cohort study on the risk factors and cognitive and motor consequences of brain changes among 503 non-demented elderly, aged between 50-85 years, with cerebral SVD. (tuladhar.net)
  • Currently, my research focuses on the associations between cerebral small vessel disease, inflammation, and blood brain barrier permeability. (cam.ac.uk)
  • As a recipient of multiple awards and research grants from AHA and SNIS, his research areas include management of acute ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, vessel wall imaging, and hemodynamic analysis of brain aneurysms. (mountsinai.org)
  • Inflammation describes a coordinated series of molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and systemic responses that drive the pathology of various diseases including T/HS and traumatic brain injury (TBI). (who.int)
  • Cerebral edema and deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the walls of small blood vessels in the brain contribute to this CNS toxicity (Bey et al. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 49 ] In the brain, the bacilli may form small subpial or subependymal foci of metastatic caseous lesions, termed Rich foci. (medscape.com)
  • Imaging and histopathological studies have demonstrated that structural changes of the retina affect subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). (nature.com)
  • In vivo neuroinflammation and cerebral small vessel disease in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Different cognitive profiles between mild cognitive impairment due to cerebral small vessel disease and mild cognitive impairment of Alzheimer's disease origin. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hemorrhagic infarctions constitute most of the remainder of strokes, with a smaller number due to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage . (medscape.com)
  • Noncoronary atherosclerosis refers to atherosclerotic disease affecting large and medium-sized noncoronary arteries (eg, extracranial cerebrovascular disease, lower extremity occlusive disease, aneurysmal disease). (medscape.com)
  • The genome-wide association study identified significant association of common variants in 11 loci with extreme small vessel disease , of which the chr12q24.11 locus was not previously reported to be associated with any MRI marker of cerebral small vessel disease . (bvsalud.org)
  • The whole- exome association study identified significant associations of extreme small vessel disease with common variants in the 5' UTR region of EFEMP1 (chr2p16.1) and one probably damaging common missense variant in TRIM47 (chr17q25.1). (bvsalud.org)
  • The study sheds light on the genetic architecture of bipolar disorder and provides more insights into the contribution of mosaic variants in human diseases. (medindia.net)
  • Genetic variants of the NOTCH3 gene in the elderly and magnetic resonance imaging correlates of age-related cerebral small vessel disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Common NOTCH3 Variants and Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Mendelian randomization supports the causal association of extensive small vessel disease severity with increased risk of stroke and Alzheimer's disease . (bvsalud.org)
  • Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) in penetrating arteries is a major cause of age-related morbidity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Senescent-appearing mural cells were present in small arteries of all cases. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Atherosclerosis is a disease of large and medium-sized muscular arteries and is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and the buildup of lipids, cholesterol, calcium, and cellular debris within the intima of the vessel wall. (medscape.com)
  • Cortical superficial siderosis describes a distinct pattern of blood-breakdown product deposition limited to cortical sulci over the convexities of the cerebral hemispheres, sparing the brainstem, cerebellum and spinal cord. (eur.nl)
  • In this review we focus on recent developments in neuroimaging and detection, aetiology, prevalence, pathophysiology and clinical significance of cortical superficial siderosis, with a particular emphasis on cerebral amyloid angiopathy. (eur.nl)
  • Cortical NAA measures were inversely correlated with the number of lacunes and with the volume of white matter disease. (ajnr.org)
  • The aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate the retinal vessels in these disorders, using dynamic vessel analyzer (DVA) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) analysis. (nature.com)
  • Overall, our comprehensive gene -mapping study and preliminary functional evaluation suggests a putative role of TRIM47 in the pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease , making it an important candidate for extensive in vivo explorations and future translational work . (bvsalud.org)
  • 1 Symptomatic treatment of chorea in patients with Huntington's disease should be considered when it causes functional disability, discomfort, or social embarrassment. (thelancet.com)
  • Thus, the order of magnitude of the functional differences in this article, and in similar studies in the literature, is quite small. (ajnr.org)
  • However, many patients with anatomically advanced disease may have no symptoms and experience no functional impairment. (medscape.com)
  • Background: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores are widely accepted to predict risk of coronary heart diseases and are associated with atherosclerosis in other vasculatures. (korea.ac.kr)
  • Patients with mild atherosclerosis may present with clinically important symptoms and signs of disease. (medscape.com)
  • As the disease progresses, the Rich foci enlarge and may eventually rupture into the subarachnoid space, resulting in meningitis (See Pathophysiology ). (medscape.com)
  • COL4A1 mutations as a monogenic cause of cerebral small vessel disease: a systematic review. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Inflammation and cerebral small vessel disease: A systematic review. (cam.ac.uk)
  • We report a genome-wide association study and a whole- exome association study on a composite extreme phenotype of cerebral small vessel disease derived from its most common MRI features white matter hyperintensities and lacunes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Among only the participants with type 1 diabetes, those with greater volumes of white matter hyperintensities averaged lower cognitive scores than those with smaller volumes, though the difference was less pronounced. (medindia.net)
  • Wang C, Wei Q, Guo L, Liu H, Guo Q. Association of cognitive impairment and mood disorder with event-related potential P300 in patients with cerebral small vessel diseases Neuro Endocrinol Lett. (nel.edu)
  • Chorea, the prototypical movement disorder in Huntington's disease, is a syndrome characterised by abrupt involuntary movements resulting from a continuous flow of random muscle contractions. (thelancet.com)
  • Although a substantive disease-modifying therapy might not be available for the presenting disorder in some patients, autoimmune encephalitis is eminently treatable. (thelancet.com)
  • This study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of Replagal in patients with Fabry disease who are either naive to treatment, who were previously treated with agalsidase beta, or who had previously received Replagal. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Patients diagnosed with Fabry disease who have not previously received treatment, who have received agalsidase beta, or who had previously received Replagal will be eligible to enroll in the study and will receive Replagal at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight administered by an IV infusion over 40 minutes every other week. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • An Open-label Treatment Protocol to Evaluate the Safety of Replagal Treatment in Patients With Fabry Disease. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • This study assessed its validity in determining cerebral small vessel disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (who.int)
  • Transcranial doppler may be useful in early diagnosis of cerebral small vessel disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (who.int)
  • La vitesse d'écoulement du flux sanguin et l'index de pulsatilité ont été mesurés dans les artères carotides internes intercrâniennes, les artères basilaires et cérébrales moyennes d'un échantillon de 141 patients diabétiques sans autre facteur de risque et de 132 témoins en bonne santé appariés pour l'âge et le sexe. (who.int)
  • Les patients ont été répartis en deux groupes : 73 patients souffrant d'un diabète compliqué dans le premier groupe et 68 patients atteints d'un diabète non compliqué dans le deuxième groupe. (who.int)
  • Le présent article décrit les manifestations cliniques, le diagnostic et la prise en charge de la schistosomiase médullaire chez cinq patients admis dans les hôpitaux Shaab et Ibn Khaldoun de Khartoum entre 1997 et 2007. (who.int)
  • We aimed to examine the association of decreased haemoglobin levels with markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in an elderly Asian population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Acute ischemic strokes are the result of vascular occlusion secondary to thromboembolic disease. (medscape.com)
  • An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the mechanisms underlying this association with cognitive dysfunction, either through cerebrovascular disease or neurodegeneration, remain poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To investigate the relationship between diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indicators and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) with depressive states, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of white matter damage in CSVD with depression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With the gradual increase in the number of elderly people in China, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are frequent, and the incidence of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is also on the rise. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CSVD is a highly prevalent age-related disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • Activity, COCA, with the Emergency Risk Communication Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • We congratulate the Centers for Disease Control in its efforts to update this guide and wish it the same success as the previous edition. (cdc.gov)
  • Pathological processes or diseases where cerebral MICROVESSELS show abnormalities. (bvsalud.org)
  • The conditions in this group have a range of signs and symptoms that involve fragile blood vessels . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Identification of biological changes underlying the early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) will help to identify and stage individuals prior to symptom onset. (iospress.com)
  • Carotid artery disease in NIDDM diabetes. (who.int)
  • Cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVDs) are common causes of cognitive impairments and mood disorders. (nel.edu)
  • Nevertheless, the presence of coexisting Alzheimer's disease remains an issue the investigators acknowledge. (ajnr.org)
  • The Journal of Alzheimer's Disease is an international multidisciplinary journal to facilitate progress in understanding the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, genetics, behavior, treatment and psychology of Alzheimer's disease. (iospress.com)
  • The journal is dedicated to providing an open forum for original research that will expedite our fundamental understanding of Alzheimer's disease. (iospress.com)
  • Although several reports have indicated a possible interaction between influenza vaccination and TB, little is known regarding the association between influenza vaccine and subsequent TB development. (cdc.gov)
  • TBM must be differentiated not only from other forms of acute and subacute meningitis, but also from conditions such as viral infections and cerebral abscesses (See Diagnosis ). (medscape.com)
  • Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a rare congenital disease which results in hypopituitarism. (nel.edu)
  • In addition, 35 communicable diseases are a constant, and potential pandemics are foreseeable [8-10]. (who.int)
  • In the SIVD group, NAA and NAA/Cr in the cerebral cortex and white matter, but not in the hippocampus, were reduced independent of atrophy and tissue composition when compared with the control group, suggesting neuron loss or metabolic impairment in these regions. (ajnr.org)
  • Gene-mapping study of extremes of cerebral small vessel disease reveals TRIM47 as a strong candidate. (bvsalud.org)