Title:Basal Ganglia Enlarged Perivascular Spaces are Linked to Cognitive Function in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. VOLUME: 11 ISSUE: 2. Author(s):Marjolein Huijts, Annelien Duits, Julie Staals, Abraham A Kroon, Peter W de Leeuw and Robert J van Oostenbrugge. Affiliation:Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht , The Netherlands.. Keywords:Cerebral small vessel disease, cognition, enlarged perivascular spaces, hypertension, lacunar stroke, white matter lesions.. Abstract:Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) are a feature of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) and have been related to cSVD severity. A higher number of EPVS were related to decreased cognition in healthy elderly, but this has never been investigated in patients at high risk of cSVD. We included 189 patients with a high risk of cSVD (hypertensive patients and lacunar stroke patients). Patients underwent brain MRI and extensive neuropsychological assessment. EPVS ...

OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that common variants in the collagen genes COL4A1/COL4A2 are associated with sporadic forms of cerebral small vessel disease. METHODS: We conducted meta-analyses of existing genotype data among individuals of European ancestry to determine associations of 1,070 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the COL4A1/COL4A2 genomic region with the following: intracerebral hemorrhage and its subtypes (deep, lobar) (1,545 cases, 1,485 controls); ischemic stroke and its subtypes (cardioembolic, large vessel disease, lacunar) (12,389 cases, 62,004 controls); and white matter hyperintensities (2,733 individuals with ischemic stroke and 9,361 from population-based cohorts with brain MRI data). We calculated a statistical significance threshold that accounted for multiple testing and linkage disequilibrium between SNPs (p | 0.000084). RESULTS: Three intronic SNPs in COL4A2 were significantly associated with deep intracerebral hemorrhage (lead SNP odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95%

© Cambridge University Press 2014. Introduction: Cerebral ischemia is thought to be an important disease mechanism in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). It has been hypothesized that acute ischemia in the territory of the perforating artery results in lacunar stroke, while chronic ischemia occurring in the distal territories of the perforating arteries results in changes to cerebral white-matter, known as leukoaraiosis. The spatial pattern of leukoaraiosis, with changes first occurring in the brain regions furthest from the origin of the perforating arteries, would be consistent with disease occurring due to hypoperfusion. This has led to the suggestion that cerebral blood flow (CBF) is reduced in SVD, and many studies have been performed to investigate this issue. In addition, cerebral arteriopathy underlying SVD may also impair the ability of small cerebral vessels to vasodilate, leading to problems maintaining perfusion in response to drops in blood pressure and perfusion pressure. Impairments of

Obkective: Fibrinogen levels and fibrinogen clot structure have been implicated in pathogenesis of vascular disease. We examined fibrinogen levels and variation in fibrinogen genes (fibrinogen γ (FGG), α (FGA) and β (FGB)), associated with fibrin clot structure and fibrinogen levels, in relation to cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Methods and Results This study was performed in the Rotterdam Scan Study, a population-based study among 1077 elderly with cerebral magnetic resonance imaging. Plasma fibrinogen levels and haplotypes were determined. We examined the association of fibrinogen levels and haplotypes with silent brain infarcts and white matter lesions by means of logistic regression models. We constructed seven haplotypes (frequency ,0.01) that describe the total common variation in the FGG and FGA genes. Haplotype 2 (G-A-T-A-G-T-G) was associated with presence of silent brain infarcts when compared to the most frequent haplotype (G-G-T-G-G-T-A) (odds ratio (OR) 1.41, 95% CI ...

Braun H, Schreiber S. Microbleeds in cerebral small vessel disease. Lancet Neurol. 2013 Aug;12(8):735-6.. Mencl S, Garz C, Niklass S, Braun H, Göb E, Homola G, Heinze HJ, Reymann KG, Kleinschnitz C, Schreiber S. Early microvascular dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease is not detectable on 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging: a longitudinal study in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats. Exp Transl Stroke Med. 2013 Jun 25;5:8.. Bueche CZ, Garz C, Kropf S, Bittner D, Li W, Goertler M, Heinze HJ, Reymann K, Braun H, Schreiber S. NAC changes the course of cerebral small vessel disease in SHRSP and reveals new insights for the meaning of stases - a randomized controlled study. Exp Transl Stroke Med. 2013 Apr 15;5:5. Schreiber S, Bueche CZ, Garz C, Braun H. Blood brain barrier breakdown as the starting point of cerebral small vessel disease? - New insights from a rat model. Exp Transl Stroke Med. 2013 Mar 14;5(1):4. Braun H, Bueche CZ, Garz C, Oldag A, Heinze HJ, Goertler M, Reymann ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Common variation in COL4A1/COL4A2 is associated with sporadic cerebral small vessel disease. AU - METASTROKE Consortium. AU - CHARGE WMH Group. AU - ISGC ICH GWAS Study Collaboration. AU - WMH in Ischemic Stroke GWAS Study Collaboration. AU - International Stroke Genetics Consortium. AU - Rannikmäe, Kristiina. AU - Davies, Gail. AU - Thomson, Pippa A.. AU - Bevan, Steve. AU - Devan, William J.. AU - Falcone, Guido J.. AU - Traylor, Matthew. AU - Anderson, Christopher D.. AU - Battey, Thomas W.K.. AU - Radmanesh, Farid. AU - Deka, Ranjan. AU - Woo, Jessica G.. AU - Martin, Lisa J.. AU - Jimenez-Conde, Jordi. AU - Selim, Magdy. AU - Brown, Devin L.. AU - Silliman, Scott L.. AU - Kidwell, Chelsea S.. AU - Montaner, Joan. AU - Langefeld, Carl D.. AU - Slowik, Agnieszka. AU - Hansen, Björn M.. AU - Lindgren, Arne G.. AU - Meschia, James F.. AU - Fornage, Myriam. AU - Bis, Joshua C.. AU - Debette, Stéphanie. AU - Ikram, Mohammad A.. AU - Longstreth, Will T.. AU - Schmidt, ...

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common group of neurological conditions that confer a significant burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In most cases, CSVD is only recognized in its advanced stages once its symptomatic sequelae develop. However, its significance in asymptomatic healthy populations remains poorly defined. In population-based studies of presumed healthy elderly individuals, CSVD neuroimaging markers including white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, enlarged perivascular spaces, cortical superficial siderosis, and cerebral microinfarcts are frequently detected. While the presence of these imaging markers may reflect unique mechanisms at play, there are likely shared pathways underlying CSVD. Herein, we aim to assess the etiology and significance of these individual biomarkers by focusing in asymptomatic populations at an epidemiological level. By primarily examining population-based studies, we explore the risk factors that are involved in the ...

Fondation Leducq have funded an international network to investigate the role of the perivascular space in cerebral small vessel disease. There is a huge unmet need to understand the pathophysiology of small vessel disease. Our network, which links clinical and preclinical research across North America and Europe, aims to address this. ...

Cognitive impairment is common in patients with cerebral small vessel disease, but is not well detected using common cognitive screening tests which have been primarily devised for cortical dementias. We developed the Brief Memory and Executive Test (BMET); a rapid screening measure sensitive to the impaired executive function and processing speed characteristic of small vessel disease (SVD). To assess the BMETs validity for general use, we evaluated it when administered by non-psychologists in a multicentre study and collected control data to derive normative scores. Two-hundred participants with SVD, defined as a clinical lacunar stroke and a corresponding lacunar infarct on MRI, and 303 healthy controls aged between 40-90 years old were recruited. The BMET, as well as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), were performed. Overall, 55 SVD participants underwent repeat testing at 3 months to assess the BMET test-retest reliability. Administering the BMET

1. Moran C, Phan TG, Srikanth VK. Cerebral small vessel disease: A review of clinical, radiological, and histopathological phenotypes. International Journal of Stroke. 2012;7:36-46 2. Pantoni L. Cerebral small vessel disease: From pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:689-701 3. Xiong YY, Mok V. Age-related white matter changes. Journal of Aging Research. 2011;2011:1-13 4. Xiong Y, Mok V, Wong A, Chen X, Chu WC, Fan Y, Soo Y, Wong KS. The age-related white matter changes scale correlates with cognitive impairment. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17:1451-1456 5. Debette S, Markus HS. The clinical importance of white matter hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Bmj. 2010;341:c3666 6. de Groot JC, de Leeuw FE, Oudkerk M, Hofman A, Jolles J, Breteler MM. Cerebral white matter lesions and subjective cognitive dysfunction: The rotterdam scan study. Neurology. 2001;56:1539-1545 7. Chowdhury MH, Nagai A, Bokura ...

Here, we demonstrated that endothelial dysfunction is an early precipitant of disease development in a rat model of SVD and a sample of humans with sporadic SVD. We identified a deletion in Atp11b and loss of ATP11B protein that cause endothelial dysfunction, with abnormalities of the BBB TJs, increased EC proliferation, and reduction in eNOS and NO. This dysfunction led to secretion of factors, including HSP90α, which blocked the maturation of OPCs into myelinating oligodendrocytes, consistent with the impairment of myelination and inherent vulnerability of white matter to damage seen in adult humans with SVD (42). We also demonstrated therapeutic reversal of endothelial dysfunction and associated reduction in white matter vulnerability. The early reduction of the BBB TJ markers but lack of tracer leakage (along with the brain slice culture experiments) showed that leakage of substances through the BBB is not important for initial SVD pathology in our model. However, it is highly likely that ...

Scans of sufficient quality for data analysis were available in 29 cases and 35 controls. NAA was significantly reduced in patients compared with controls (lower by 7.27%, P = 0.004). However, when lesion load within each individual voxel (mean 22% in SVD vs 5% in controls, P , 0.001) was added as a covariate, these differences were no longer significant, suggesting that the metabolite differences arose primarily from differences in lesioned tissue. In patients with SVD, there was no correlation between cognitive scores and any brain metabolite. No lactate, an indicator of anaerobic metabolism, was detected. ...

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Cerebrovascular trauma, also known as blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) is a non-penetrating injury to the carotid and/or vertebral artery that may cause stroke in trauma patients. Discover the latest research on cerebrovascular trauma here. ...

Stroke and dementia are common and debilitating health issues worldwide. Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) underlies a large proportion of these cases. However, the cause of SVD is unknown. Research into the causes and pathophysiological mechanisms of SVD is hampered by the fact that small vessels themselves are difficult to visualise in people. The wide range of clinical

The connection between COPD and cerebral small vessel disease was suggested by two earlier studies, but the connection between COPD and cerebral microbleeds, the location of which can help elucidate underlying disease mechanisms, has not been studied," said researchers Lies Lahousse, PhD, of the Department of Respiratory Medicine at Ghent University Hospital in Belgium and Bruno Stricker, PhD, of the Department of Epidemiology at Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. "In the current study, we found, for the first time, that COPD increases the risk of cerebral microbleeds in deep or infratentorial brain regions, not only in a cross-sectional analysis but also in a longitudinal analysis in subjects without microbleeds at baseline.". Microbleeds in deep (deep gray matter of the basal ganglia and thalamus and white matter of the corpus callosum, internal, external, and extreme capsule) or infratentorial (brainstem and cerebellum) locations are suggestive of hypertensive or ...

Pulmonary hypertension is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, non-specific presentation and lack of awareness of the disease frequently lead to significant delay in diagnosis, often with the onset of right heart failure, when prognosis is poor and therapy is of limited effectiveness. The classification of pulmonary hypertension is a clinical one grouping diseases into categories with similar patho-physiological mechanism and therapeutic options. Pulmonary biopsy can provide a definitive diagnosis but is hazardous in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Imaging has emerged as an invaluable tool in differentiating the aetiology, assessing disease severity and directing further management. One of the most important roles of imaging is to differentiate diseases resulting from obstruction of the large pulmonary arteries from those secondary to diffuse small vessel disease, as these have very different prognosis and are also treated differently. Small vessel diseases ...

Focal white-matter lesions in the brain have been frequently found in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. These findings have been discussed as a novel extraintestinal manifestation of...

Common cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) abnormalities are a common neuroradiological finding, especially in the elderly. They are associated with a wide cli

As a clinical academic I divide my time equally between clinical stroke care (at University College Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square) and academic commitments at the Stroke Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology. My major research interest is in the clinical an pathophysiological implications of cerebral small vessel disease (the commonest known brain disorder). My focus is on intracranial (including intracerebral) haemorrhage, which is the most devastating type of stroke. I have expertise in observational studies and neuroimaging including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). I lead a research programme including observational, genetic and neuroimaging studies of subarachnoid haemorrhage and intracerebral haemorrhage, with particular expertise in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. I am Chief Investigator for the Clinical Relevance of Microbleeds in Stroke (CROMIS-2) study: www.ucl.ac.uk/cromis-2. In collaboration with Prof Peter Rothwell (Oxford) I am ...

Hi have any of you been told you have Small Vessel Disease or MS after an MRI my latest MRI shows I may have SVD or MS I dont think it is MS to be honest, but lately my dizziness and memory and...

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) with adenosine-stress myocardial perfusion is gaining importance for the detection and quantification of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there is little knowledge about patients with CMR-detected ischemia, but having no relevant stenosis as seen on coronary angiography (CA). The aims of our study were to characterize these patients by CMR and CA and evaluate correlations and potential reasons for the ischemic findings. 73 patients with an indication for CA were first scanned on a 1.5T whole-body CMR-scanner including adenosine-stress first-pass perfusion. The images were analyzed by two independent investigators for myocardial perfusion which was classified as subendocardial ischemia (n = 22), no perfusion deficit (n = 27, control 1), or more than subendocardial ischemia (n = 24, control 2). All patients underwent CA, and a highly significant correlation between the classification of CMR perfusion deficit and the degree of coronary luminal ...

small vessels - MedHelps small vessels Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, Treatments and Tools for small vessels. Find small vessels information, treatments for small vessels and small vessels symptoms.

Question - Suggest treatment for Triple Vessel Disease . Ask a Doctor about diagnosis, treatment and medication for Triple vessel disease, Ask a Cardiologist

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We know that sleep apnea can seriously affect the heart (right-sided failure) and brain (increased risk of small vessel disease and mini strokes). But why the eyes? Some investigators feel the cause is mechanical stress--i.e. smashing and stretching the eye against pillow--which is supported by the fact that one-sided sleepers often get one-sided F.E.S. Others wonder if alternating ischemia (not enough oxygenated blood) followed by reperfusion (flood of oxygen-rich blood when the apnea ceases) results in tissue inflammation. Studies of floppy lids (what happened to the sleeper upon which these lids resided!?!) showed an inflammatory injury reaction consistent with both stress and ischemia as seen in other tissue types ...

Tough problem. I cant make recommendations, but diffuse small vessel disease can be tough to manage. Stents and bypasses to the heart need a minimum diameter and only work with discrete blockages not a narrowing of an entire vessel. Treatment often involves anti-platelets (aspirin etc) aggressive diabetes control, cholesterol control, diet, weight loss. Talk with your doctor maybe second opinion if not happy ...

Euphemia was diagnosed with triple vessel disease and treated through cardiac rehab at the UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute. Read more.

This study investigated the long term safety and efficacy of drug eluting stents in patients with diabetes mellitus who have single vessel disease. The patients

Dose Management. We understand that delivering quality diagnostic care with the lowest possible radiation dose is a desired goal. Learn how our Dose Management solutions can help you achieve Dose Leadership. Dose Management Överblick ...

SVD models(A) SVD exploratory model of the relationships among physical disability, depression, and reduction in QoL, in SVD. (B) SVD replication analysis of mo

Un sitio de patolog a renal para disfrutar los hallazgos microsc picos de las enfermedades renales que afectan al hombre. P ginas relevantes en nefropatolog a, neoplasias renales, trasplante renal y mucho m s. Welcome to the magic world of nephropathology, glomeruli, podocites, interstituim and so on in kidney pathology. Kidney disease, atlas and text.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Microvascular pathology and morphometrics of sporadic and hereditary small vessel diseases of the brain. AU - Craggs, Lucinda J L. AU - Yamamoto, Yumi. AU - Deramecourt, Vincent. AU - Kalaria, Raj N.. N1 - No record of this in Eprints. HN 29/11/2017. PY - 2014/9. Y1 - 2014/9. N2 - Small vessel diseases (SVDs) of the brain are likely to become increasingly common in tandem with the rise in the aging population. In recent years, neuroimaging and pathological studies have informed on the pathogenesis of sporadic SVD and several single gene (monogenic) disorders predisposing to subcortical strokes and diffuse white matter disease. However, one of the limitations toward studying SVD lies in the lack of consistent assessment criteria and lesion burden for both clinical and pathological measures. Arteriolosclerosis and diffuse white matter changes are the hallmark features of both sporadic and hereditary SVDs. The pathogenesis of the arteriopathy is the key to understanding the ...

Stroke is an important risk factor for dementia. Epidemiological studies have indicated a high incidence of dementia in stroke patients. There is currently no effective biomarker for the diagnosis of post-stroke dementia (PSD). D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) is a flavin-dependent enzyme widely distributed in the central nervous system. DAO oxidizes D-amino acids, a process which generates neurotoxic hydrogen peroxide and leads to neurodegeneration. This study aimed to examine post-stroke plasma DAO levels as a biomarker for PSD. In total, 53 patients with PSD, 20 post-stroke patients without dementia (PSNoD), and 71 age- and gender-matched normal controls were recruited. Cognitive function was evaluated at more than 30 days post-stroke. Plasma DAO was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. White matter hyperintensity (WMH), a neuroimaging biomarker of cerebral small vessel diseases, was determined by magnetic resonance imaging. We found that plasma DAO levels were independently higher in PSD

Results: A total of 212 patients, mean age (±SD) 69.5 years (±16.1), 102 (48%) male, had available MR before IV thrombolysis. Evidence of BBB leakage was present in 175 (80%) and 205 (94%) patients in the ischemic and nonischemic area, respectively. Lacunar infarcts (β = 0.17, p = 0.042) were associated with BBB leakage in the ischemic area, and brain atrophy was associated with BBB leakage in both ischemic (β = 0.20, p = 0.026) and nonischemic (β = 0.27, p = 0.001) areas. Increasing SVD grade was independently associated with BBB leakage in both ischemic (β = 0.26, p = 0.007) and nonischemic (β = 0.27, p = 0.003) area. ...

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DEAR DR. DONOHUE: I am a 71-year-old woman. I take medicine for high blood pressure and for cholesterol control. For a long time Ive been havi

Attempts to treat extensive ulcerations of legs due to small vessel disease. 58 year- old woman with multiple failed graft attempts to treat extensive ulcerations of legs due to small vessel disease. The patient had a very poor response to aggressive medical and surgical approaches. The clinical improvement with 20 hyperbaric oxygen sessions @ 2.0 ATA for 90 minutes each, was dramatic. She had decreased swelling (edema), no pain or bleeding and was able to wear shoes and resume activities of daily living such as shopping. After 40 sessions the wounds were completely healed and the overall functional skills of the patient improved significantly.. ...

INTRODUCTION: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are areas of abnormal signal on magnetic resonance images (MRIs) that characterize various types of histopathological lesions. The load and location of WMHs are important clinical measures that may indicate the presence of small vessel disease in aging and Alzheimers disease (AD) patients. Manually segmenting WMHs is time consuming and prone to inter-rater and intra-rater variabilities. Automated tools that can accurately and robustly detect these lesions can be used to measure the vascular burden in individuals with AD or the elderly population in general. Many WMH segmentation techniques use a classifier in combination with a set of intensity and location features to segment WMHs, however, the optimal choice of classifier is unknown. METHODS: We compare 10 different linear and nonlinear classification techniques to identify WMHs from MRI data. Each classifier is trained and optimized based on a set of features obtained from co-registered MR ...

The term cognition describes the human brains ability to learn, think, and process information. For a normal daily life to be possible, cognitive functions must be intact. Impairment of cognitive functions results in difficulties in coping with both complex and everyday activities, such as daily planning, meeting the demands of work life, managing finances, preparing food, keeping order, socializing, or cultivating interests. Impaired cognitive functions also lead to an increased sensitivity to stress.. There are several disorders and medical procedures that show cognitive impairment as an important - though not always identified - manifestation, such as affective disorders, schizophrenia, abuse, neurological motor disorders, MS, traumatic brain injury, cancer, infections, vascular disease (ischemic heart disorder, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke, small vessel disease), coronary by-pass surgery, and other major surgical procedures. Multimorbidity relatively often result ...

The "Special Course" which typically launches the annual AANP meeting was anything but typical this year. Rather than the usual series of research presentations which has characterized the first day of the meeting, the 2015 edition of the "Special Course" focused on need-to-know practical topics. Dr. Beatriz Lopes put together a program that offered something for everyone -- from trainee to seasoned practitioner. The morning started with a presentation by Dr. Caterina Giannini on primary CNS lymphoma, as well as its mimickers and precursors. Far from being a straightforward diagnosis, lymphoma -- particularly in the setting of corticosteroid therapy -- can be mistaken for anything from multiple sclerosis to infarct. Next, two eminent scholars from Paris, Drs. Francoise Gray and Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve, presented a three-part lecture on the hereditary non-amyloid small vessel diseases of the brain. Then Charles Eberhart showed up from Johns Hopkins to provide a primer on ophthalmic pathology, ...

Bob,. Tks for sharing that article with us. Alot of people are still using these medicines in their daily treatment plan with good results, but there are some that hopefully their doctors are weighing the odds of this treatment.. I wonder, if in this study that was conducted, if these patients were checked for undetected underlying causes that could have caused the their negative reactions like, heart disease, lung conditions and in my case, small vessel disease that wasnt detected in me until I had a minor stroke.. Of course we all know that all medicines have risks and the drug companies have to list every possible reaction or interaction. This can be scarey to anyone that reads all this information, but in most cases the serious reactions are rare.. Hopefully patients are being more proactive in their care and questioning all aspects of treatment with their doctors before starting anything new.. Tks again, Babs. ...

I am supervisor for a research group, which right now consists of one PhD student, and three master students. My research is focused on understanding the molecular mechanism behind Alzheimer Disease with focused on Omi/HtrA2 protease and amyloid beta uptake, and focus on vascular smooth muscle cell degeneration and proliferation in CADASIL as well as small vessel diseases.. In addition to supervising, I am as a researcher involved in teaching at both the masters, advanced and doctoral level. Furthermore, I am organizer for "PhD/PostDoc" and "Center for Alzheimer Research" seminar series at NVS. This role gives me a lot of input and reflections to my own leadership style and also I learn to know PhD students at KI, which is a benefit for my research career.. I am representative for "Equal treatment" (Ombud for Lika Villkor) at NVS since 2011. Therefore, I am a member of department council and work environment council at NVS. This role also gives me the opportunity to be involved in many issues ...

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In a bid to improve awareness and care of a relatively rare disorder that inflames blood vessels throughout the body and damages organs, especially the eyes, a team of researchers led by a Johns Hopkins ophthalmologist has analyzed and published detailed information about 132 patients diagnosed and treated over 25 years in Saudi Arabia, where the disorder is not at all rare.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI are a quantitative marker for sporadic cerebral small vessel disease and are highly heritable. To date, large-scale genetic studies have identified only a single locus influencing WMH burden. This might in part relate to biological heterogeneity of sporadic WMH. The current study searched for genetic modifiers of WMH volume in cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), a monogenic small vessel disease.. METHODS: We performed a genome-wide association study to identify quantitative trait loci for WMH volume by combining data from 517 CADASIL patients collected through 7 centers across Europe. WMH volumes were centrally analyzed and quantified on fluid attenuated inversion recovery images. Genotyping was performed using the Affymetrix 6.0 platform. Individuals were assigned to 2 distinct genetic clusters (cluster 1 and cluster 2) based on their genetic background.. RESULTS: ...

The protective effect of education has been well established in Alzheimers disease, whereas its role in patients with isolated cerebrovascular diseases remains unclear. We examined the correlation of education with cortical thickness and cerebral small vessel disease markers in patients with pure subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) and patients with pure subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD). We analyzed 45 patients with svMCI and 47 patients with SVaD with negative results on Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomographic imaging who underwent structural brain magnetic resonance imaging. The main outcome was cortical thickness measured using surface-based morphometric analysis. We also assessed the volumes of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and numbers of lacunes as other outcomes. To investigate the correlation of education with cortical thickness, WMH volume, and number of lacunes, multiple linear regression analyses were performed after controlling for covariates,

Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) are focal haemosiderin deposits that result from minimal blood leakage from damaged small vessels, and they can be regarded as markers of pathological vascular changes. In addition to their association with small vessel disease, CMB have also been pathologically linked to cerebral amyloid angiopathy.1 The prevalence of CMB in the general population increases from 20% in subjects aged 60-69 years to 40% in subjects aged 80 years and older.2 Clinically, CMB have been associated with cerebrovascular disease and some of its risk factors, including lacunar infarcts, intracerebral haemorrhage, white matter changes and hypertension. CMB have also been reported to be increased in Binswanger disease, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimers disease (AD).1 ,2 The location and distribution of CMB … ...

Genetic determinants of stroke, the leading neurological cause of death and disability, are poorly understood and have seldom been explored in the general population. Our aim was to identify additional loci for stroke by doing a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies.For the discovery sample, we did a genome-wide analysis of common genetic variants associated with incident stroke risk in 18 population-based cohorts comprising 84 961 participants, of whom 4348 had stroke. Stroke diagnosis was ascertained and validated by the study investigators. Mean age at stroke ranged from 45·8 years to 76·4 years, and data collection in the studies took place between 1948 and 2013. We did validation analyses for variants yielding a significant association (at p|5 × 10(-6)) with all-stroke, ischaemic stroke, cardioembolic ischaemic stroke, or non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke in the largest available cross-sectional studies (70 804 participants, of whom 19 816 had stroke). Summary-level results of

The purpose of this research is to understand how to apply cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) to women with small artery heart disease by looking at the CMRs of women without heart disease. The investigators will study 40 women with no heart disease to learn more about the usefulness of CMR.. Women suffer more than men from this disorder of the small vessels compared to the large vessels. This results in delays in diagnosis, missed opportunities for treatment, and likely contributes to the increased death rate from heart disease in women compared to men. Current testing for small vessel disease is invasive and not performed routinely and women are often not initiated on appropriate lifesaving treatment. New imaging and noninvasive technology exists that may improve this situation. Imaging techniques such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) can now show the inner layers of the heart where the small vessel abnormality and myocardial ischemia exist. These techniques, while promising, ...

Diabetes is an increasing risk factor for vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), which is defined as cognitive deficits associated with small vessel disease (SVD) and/or lacunar infarction due to the occlusion of terminal arterioles by emboli in the brain. Microemboli even in sizes that would not cause complete occlusion are quite common in the cerebral circulation and are more so in patients with diabetes that present with a hypercoagulable state. Lack of understanding of the role and mechanisms by which microemboli can contribute to increased disease burden in diabetes is a critical gap in our knowledge. The objectives of this DiaComp Pilot & Feasibility Program grant application are to begin addressing this important clinical problem by establishing a novel animal model and gathering proof-of-concept data to implicate the vascular dysfunction and microemboli interaction in the development of cerebral SVD preceding the VCI in diabetes. We propose that the microemboli injected through the ...

Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are defined as small, rounded, or ovoid, homogeneous hypointense lesions on T2*-weighted gradient-echo and other susceptibility-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) s

The Journal of Stroke (JoS) provides stroke clinicians and researchers with peer-reviewed articles on clinical and basic investigation of cerebral circulation and associated diseases to enhance patient management, education, clinical or experimental research, and professionalism. The jour-nal will consider submissions in areas including, but not limited to, the following: pathophysiology, risk factors, symptomatology, imaging, treat¬ment, and rehabilitation of stroke. We have a particular interest in strokes in Asian populations as they have features distinct from strokes in the other part of the world. Clinical researches on intracranial atherosclerosis, small vessel diseases, hemorrhagic strokes, and relevant basic research¬es are welcome, as are issues in epidemiology, public education, and clinical practice guidelines in Asian countries.

The Journal of Stroke (JoS) provides stroke clinicians and researchers with peer-reviewed articles on clinical and basic investigation of cerebral circulation and associated diseases to enhance patient management, education, clinical or experimental research, and professionalism. The jour-nal will consider submissions in areas including, but not limited to, the following: pathophysiology, risk factors, symptomatology, imaging, treat¬ment, and rehabilitation of stroke. We have a particular interest in strokes in Asian populations as they have features distinct from strokes in the other part of the world. Clinical researches on intracranial atherosclerosis, small vessel diseases, hemorrhagic strokes, and relevant basic research¬es are welcome, as are issues in epidemiology, public education, and clinical practice guidelines in Asian countries.

The Psychiatry Investigation (Psychiatry Investig) provides stroke clinicians and researchers with peer-reviewed articles on clinical and basic investigation of cerebral circulation and associated diseases to enhance patient management, education, clinical or experimental research, and professionalism. The jour-nal will consider submissions in areas including, but not limited to, the following: pathophysiology, risk factors, symptomatology, imaging, treat¬ment, and rehabilitation of stroke. We have a particular interest in strokes in Asian populations as they have features distinct from strokes in the other part of the world. Clinical researches on intracranial atherosclerosis, small vessel diseases, hemorrhagic strokes, and relevant basic research¬es are welcome, as are issues in epidemiology, public education, and clinical practice guidelines in Asian countries.

The Psychiatry Investigation (Psychiatry Investig) provides stroke clinicians and researchers with peer-reviewed articles on clinical and basic investigation of cerebral circulation and associated diseases to enhance patient management, education, clinical or experimental research, and professionalism. The jour-nal will consider submissions in areas including, but not limited to, the following: pathophysiology, risk factors, symptomatology, imaging, treat¬ment, and rehabilitation of stroke. We have a particular interest in strokes in Asian populations as they have features distinct from strokes in the other part of the world. Clinical researches on intracranial atherosclerosis, small vessel diseases, hemorrhagic strokes, and relevant basic research¬es are welcome, as are issues in epidemiology, public education, and clinical practice guidelines in Asian countries.

SHG Preise. Die SHG hat anlässlich Ihrer Jahrestagung in St. Gallen am 9.1.2020 folgende Preise vergeben:. · SHG-Förderpreis an Frau Dr. Martina Göldlin, Stroke Center Inselspital Bern, für das Projekt "MRI small vessel disease phenotype: a new approach to classify intracerebral haemorrhage subtypes". · SHG-Preis für die beste mündliche Präsentation an Dr. Johannes Käsmacher, Stroke Center Inselspital Bern, für die Studie «Safety and efficacy of intra-arterial Urokinase after failed, unsuccessful or incomplete mechanical thrombectomy in anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion stroke: A prospective cohort study". ...

Irvine, Calif.- A small amount of bleeding in the brain seems to be common among older individuals, according to a UC Irvine study. Neurologist Dr. Mark Fisher and neuropathologist Dr. Ronald Kim found that cerebral microbleeds are highly prevalent in the aging brain - and not primarily products of stroke-related injury, hypertension or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers, as had been thought. "Prior work relied on brain imaging to show cerebral microbleeds," Fisher said. "But in this study, deep regions of the brain were closely examined under a microscope, and nearly all subjects had evidence of small areas of bleeding." Results appear online in the journal Stroke . Fisher, Kim and colleagues at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center studied postmortem brain specimens from 33 individuals, ranging in age from 71 to 105, with no history of stroke. Cerebral microbleeds were identified in 22 cases - all occurring in capillaries, the small blood vessels of the brain. This is a substantially higher ...

Victims of physical violence were one and a half times more likely to suffer from narrowing of the main blood vessels in the neck that carry blood to the brain

However much we might like to, we cannot change our age or its effect on our risk of heart and blood vessel disease. However, you can change many other characteristics and conditions that put you at risk for PAD. The older you get, the more important it becomes to get your other PAD risk factors under control. Older women with PAD are at especially high risk for potentially deadly complications of artery disease such as heart attack and stroke.. The first step in taking control of your PAD risk is to work with your doctor to find out what your risk factors are and develop a treatment plan to get your numbers where they need to be. Lifestyle changes such as a heart-healthy diet and exercise are a major part of risk factor control. Talk to your doctor about what level of activity is safe for you and aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise each day. It is never too late to start making heart-healthy changes to reduce your risk, and many of these changes can also help prevent heart disease and ...

BriefTTY Biopharm Company Ltd is a biopharmaceutical company that research, develops and markets drugs for cancer, anti-infection and blood vessel diseases. The ...

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Sinusoids are small vessels found in certain organs. Sinusoids have large pores that allow blood cells and molecules to pass through their thin walls.

Microangiopathies may cause ischemic brain lesions and are of fundamental importance in vascular dementia. Risk factors include high age, hypertension, diabetes and Alzheimers disease. In addition, recent studies have focused on autosomal dominant types of arteriopathy causing leukoencephalopathy,psychiatric disturbances, stroke and dementia (CADASIL). This thesis concerns various collagens andbasal lamina components which are deposited in vascular walls of cases presenting cerebral microangiopathy. In addition, endothelin-like immunoreactivity has been studied in CADASIL cases andsome other brain diseases.. CADASIL cases described by Sourander and Wålinder (1977) were re-investigated. Those with longduration of the disease presented marked expression of fibrillary collagen types I, Ill, V and VI and of thebasal lamina components, collagen type IV and laminin. Deposits appeared also in non-familial casespresenting hyalinosis and in cases with the Binswanger type of leukoencephalopathy. Media ...

USC research sheds new light on how a breakdown in the brains vascular system predates the accumulation of toxic plaques and tangles in the brain that bring about Alzheimers disease. The research suggests an earlier target for preventing dementia and Alzheimers. Nearly 50 percent of all dementias, including Alzheimers, begins with the breakdown of the smallest blood vessels in the brain and their protective gatekeeper cells, according to a Keck School of Medicine of USC study. That catastrophe causes a communications failure called small vessel disease. Many people with that disease also have white matter disease, the wearing away of fatty myelin that allows neurons to transfer messages within the brain network. In an animal model, researchers found that brain deterioration associated with dementia may start as early 40 in humans. For more than 25 years, scientists have known that white matter disease impedes a persons ability to learn or remember new things, slows thinking and causes people to

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In this study, we found a fair-to-moderate inter- and intraobserver reliability for the presence of microbleeds by using 3D T2*-weighted imaging at 1.5T and moderate-to-good reliability by using dual-echo T2*-weighted imaging at 7T. For the number of microbleeds, the reliability was better; it was moderate at 1.5T and good to very good at 7T. Overall, we found an increased reliability for both presence and number of microbleeds at 7T compared with 1.5T. Cerebral microbleeds were detected in more patients at 7T than at 1.5T. Furthermore, the number of microbleeds detected was higher at 7T.. Besides the detection of microbleeds in more patients and a higher number of microbleeds at 7T, the reliability of the detection also improves. Compared with 1.5T, both inter- and intraobserver reliability improved at 7T. This might be due to the higher resolution, increased SNR, and the use of the dual- echo sequence at 7T. Recently, we showed that the TE1 image provides a good contrast of the dark ...

Leaky blood vessels in the brain called cerebral microbleeds are associated with an increased risk of physical and cognitive disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Cerebral microbleeds become more common with age and are a known risk factor for dementia.

Vodcasts, Podcasts, CT Topics, quiz, discussions, interesting case discussion, CT Scan Protocols, Organ specific lectures, Hot Topics in CT

Vodcasts, Podcasts, CT Topics, quiz, discussions, interesting case discussion, CT Scan Protocols, Organ specific lectures, Hot Topics in CT

CMBS bond spreads (and hence spreads to borrowers on their loans) and the Swap rate (the index used to set CMBS conduit loan rates) both fell as 2012 progressed; by year-end, the combination resulted in the lowest CMBS conduit loan rates ever recorded. In January 2012, Goldman Sachs priced the only multi-borrower CMBS deal for…

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Novel strategies to prevent and treat stroke that are both safe and effective are desperately needed in order to alleviate the burden of post-stroke disability....

Researchers say that high levels of the amino acid homocysteine may increase the risk of brain atrophy and blood vessel disease, researchers report.

In terms of dosages, for men the optimal dose is 40-100mgs per day, and for women it's around 5-15mgs per day. People with heart ailments and those whove had heart attacks should consult their physicians before buying the product. Why Winstrol Helps, steroids as a class are basically hormones that you can consume that signal your body that it should build more muscle. By using these substances, you can build muscles that are larger, more powerful, and have better endurance than you could possibly get with the same amount of time and work on your own. How to buy, winstrol online from steroid sites. This supplement is FDA approved which simply means that it is very safe and legal so there is nothing to worry. Its a lot easier to just pop a pill on schedule. So it is advisable to do a thorough study of these products and then try the one thats best suited. Does a, winstrol only. People with high cholesterol or blood vessel diseases, blood clots and bleeding problems, and those having diabetic, ...

All consecutive patients who had coronary angiography at the Luzerner Kantonsspital between July 1st 1996 and July 31st 2008 and who had no significant coronary stenoses (no coronary stenoses ≥ 50%) were recruited for this study. Patients are extensively examined during angiography using acetylcholine infusion and fast atrial pacing. According to the result of the additional invasive examination (vasospasm, vasoconstriction, vasodilation; symptoms during examination) a distinct diagnosis is attributed to the patients (small vessel disease, vasospastic disease, hypertensive heart disease, rhythm disorder, or extracardiac thoracic pain including pulmonary hypertension). Patients are followed-up after 10 years and prognosis of these patients is assessed (including mortality, cardiovascular events, re-angiography, functional status after 10 years ...

hemispheres. These are nonspecific in appearance, but may be related to the patients migraine headaches. Small vessel disease or a demyelinating process; however, cannot be excluded. He later included an addendum when the previous exam was available for comparison: Examination 3/27/2008 is now available for comparison. The tiny foci of abnormal T2/FLAIR signal are more apparent on todays study. However, the majority of these were present on the previous study. There appears to be one new focus on todays exam that was not present on the previous study. I realize that things could be much worse, but until someone can help me understand what these foci are and what they mean....etc...I am kinda worried ...

Rather than having trouble with the heart contracting so it can pump blood out to the body, older, obese individuals in heart failure tend to have issues with the heart muscle being able to relax and fill efficiently, called diastolic heart failure, Bagi says. Relaxation actually requires more energy than contracting, and the scientist hopes his studies will help this patient population, for which currently there are no good, targeted treatment options. He has begun looking at antibodies that would directly target and ideally reduce levels of ADAM17 in the face of aged fat and at least delay development of small vessel disease ...

The Aliens technical ability to perform various types of surgery on the human body without visible incisions is particularly evident in their effective treatment of blood vessels.. Case 1: A young woman doctor came to me for a demonstration treatment. Her presenting complaint was pains in her legs after hours of being on her feet in the Intensive Care Unit where she works. The Aliens suggested demonstrating the procedure of blood vessel cleaning. She lied down on the treatment bed and closed her eyes to avoid any psychological influence of auto-suggestion by watching my hand movements. After just a few minutes she reported sensations in her legs, like internal scratching. Something was moving inside her veins.. Case 2: A woman in her fifties was also treated for pains in the legs resulting from prolonged standing. After a few treatments she reported that the pains had disappeared.. Case 3: A man of 65 suffered from a narrowing of the blood vessels in his legs. He had chronic pain in his legs and ...

Free flashcards to help memorize facts about USCSOM: Pathology: blood vessel disease terms. Other activities to help include hangman, crossword, word scramble, games, matching, quizes, and tests.

With a little effort on each of our parts and a willingness to change, we can make a big difference in the incidence of this nations number one killer, cardiovascular disease (CVD). Heart and blood vessel disease are not inevitable; in fact, they are preventable in most cases.

Our board-certified doctors include world-renowned experts in every area of cardiology. Our doctors find, treat and prevent heart and blood vessel diseases.

Children and teens who experience abuse, bullying, neglect or witness violence and other forms of adversity are more likely to develop heart and blood vessel diseases as adults. Unhealthy responses to stress (such as overeating), mental health problems and disruptions in basic biologic processes may underlie the increased risk.

Dr. Rick Swartz completed his MD and PhD training and neurology residency at the University of Toronto. His appointments and affiliations include Stroke Neurologist, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre; Assistant Professor, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; directing the Sunnybrook Stroke Research Unit; Medical Director, NE-GTA Regional Stroke Network; and Director, University of Toronto Stroke Program. As a clinician-scientist, his clinical specialty is stroke neurology, with a focus on stroke in the young, stroke in pregnancy, intracranial vascular diseases, and the functional consequences of stroke including vascular cognitive impairment. His research focuses on improving functional impairment in stroke - from hyperacute clinical trials to long-term complications, with a focus on intracranial vascular diseases including both small vessel disease and the cognitive impact of stroke and neuroimaging biomarkers of intracranial arterial disease.. He developed and ...

99 STAT. 2010. PROCLAMATION 5295-JAN. 29, 1985. Americans have one or more forms of heart or blood vessel disease. Strokes afflict almost two million people annually. As many as 1.5 million persons will have a heart attack this year, and approximately 550,000 of them will die. In all, diseases of the heart and blood vessels will take the lives of almost one million of our fellow citizens-some of whom may be our family members, our friends and our co-workers. Almost as many people will die from cardiovascular disease during 1985 as from cancer, accidents, and all other causes combined. Economic losses will also run high. This Nation will spend an estimated $72 billion in 1985 for medical treatment, lost salaries, rehiring and training, and insurance and disability claims resulting from heart and blood vessel disease. The American Heart Association, a not-for-profit volunteer health agency, and the Federal government, primarily through the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, are providing ...

Dr Suresh Rama Chandran, Associate Consultant from the Department of Endocrinology at Singapore General Hospital, a member of the SingHealth group, shares how diabetes can affect our kidneys, nerve, heart and blood vessels.

There is an increased incidence of heart failure in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). The co-existence of kidney disease in DM exacerbates the cardiovascular prognosis. Researchers have attempted to combine the critical features of heart failure, using transverse aortic constriction, with DM in mice but variable findings have been reported. Furthermore, kidney outcomes have not been assessed in this setting thus its utility as a model of heart failure in DM and kidney disease is unknown. We generated a mouse model of obesity, hyperglycemia and mild kidney pathology by feeding male C57BL/6J mice a high fat diet (HFD ...

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缺乏維生素B12 和 小間隙腦中風後之疲倦和憂鬱的關聯 (以上標題清楚。以下請自檢查，各專有名次翻譯、順序)小間隙腦中風 (Lacunar stroke) 之定義：急性的中風。症狀 ... ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Clinically probable brainstem stroke presenting primarily as dysphagia and nonvisualized by MRI. AU - Buchholz, David. PY - 1993/6. Y1 - 1993/6. N2 - Ten patients with clinically probable brain-stem stroke presenting primarily as acute dysphagia but without visible brainstem abnormality by MRI are described. The patients were evaluated with neurologic examinations, cinepharyngoesophagography, and brain MRI studies. Each patient solely or predominately experienced sudden pharyngeal dysphagia, and additional symptoms or signs other than dysphonia or dysarthria were scarce. Small vessel disease or cardiac embolism were the apparent causes of what appear to have been very discrete brainstem strokes in these patients. Acute pharyngeal dysphagia can be the sole or primary manifestation of brainstem stroke. A negative MRI study should not preclude consideration of this diagnosis, if brainstem stroke is otherwise clinically probable.. AB - Ten patients with clinically probable brain-stem ...

Lacunar stroke or lacunar infarct (LACI) is the most common type of stroke, and results from the occlusion of small penetrating arteries that provide blood to the brains deep structures. Patients who present with symptoms of a lacunar stroke, but who have not yet had diagnostic imaging performed, may be described as suffering from lacunar stroke syndrome (LACS). Much of the current knowledge of lacunar strokes comes from C. Miller Fishers cadaver dissections of post-mortem stroke patients. He observed "lacunae" (empty spaces) in the deep brain structures after occlusion of 200-800 μm penetrating arteries and connected them with five classic syndromes. These syndromes are still noted today, though lacunar infarcts are diagnosed based on clinical judgment and radiologic imaging. Each of the 5 classical lacunar syndromes has a relatively distinct symptom complex. Symptoms may occur suddenly, progressively, or in a fluctuating (e.g., the capsular warning syndrome) manner. Occasionally, cortical ...

What is Cardiovascular Disease?. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to health conditions of the heart and blood vessels. This includes stroke, heart failure, coronary heart disease and cardiomyopathy to name a few.. Am I at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease?. There are many factors that can increase your chances of cardiovascular disease, some of which cannot be changed, such as getting older and family history, and some of which can, including smoking, physical inactivity, poor nutrition, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol and obesity.. Five Year Risk Calculator - Heart and Stroke Risk. If you know a few numbers including your age, blood pressure and cholesterol you can find out your CVD risk by clicking the link below for the National Vascular Disease Prevention Alliance Calculator.. ...

But ironically, hypertension until ≥ 200/120 also sometimes does not give any symptoms! Or in most cases, people are just complaining mild dizziness and mild aches. Either know or not the actual impact hypertension has occurred when pressure ≥ 120/80; effect the damage will accumulate until many years later a new cause of heart and blood vessel disease. Especially for hypertensive crisis, the danger of stroke, heart disease, and blood vessel rupture can threaten at any time ...

Nearly Half of People Who Need Cholesterol Treatment Dont Get It Nearly Half of People Who Need Cholesterol Treatment Dont Get It WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. - Even though treatment for cholesterol disorders can reduce the risk of heart and blood vessel disease by about 30 percent over five years, many at-risk

Visit your doctor or health care professional for regular checks on your progress. Your blood sugar and other tests will be measured regularly.. This medicine is only part of a total cholesterol or blood sugar-lowering program. Your health care professional or dietician can suggest a low-cholesterol and low-fat diet that will reduce your risk of getting heart and blood vessel disease. Avoid alcohol and smoking, and keep a proper exercise schedule.. To reduce the chance of getting constipated, drink plenty of water and increase the amount of fiber in your diet. Ask your doctor or health care professional for advice if you are constipated.. If you are taking this medicine for diabetes, wear a medical ID bracelet or chain, and carry a card that describes your disease and details of your medicine and dosage times.. ...

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Dr. Lim said this research has the potential to greatly impact patient care. "Since there is currently a lack of therapeutics for the treatment of small vessel occlusions, which commonly occur in diabetic patients, this research could provide a new therapy for those patients," Dr. Lim said. "Oral FAK inhibitors are currently being tested in human clinical trials as a cancer therapy; they might also prove helpful in treating these vascular complications ...

We found that higher cystatin C concentrations showed a greater association with severe CMB pathology especially in patients of the highest quartile. One standard deviation increase in the log-transformation of cystatin C levels also showed a closer relationship with severe CMBs. The estimated GFR and microalbumin/creatinine ratio failed to show a significant association with the number of CMBs. Moreover, the association was sustained in patients with deep or infratentorial CMBs but not among those with strictly lobar CMBs. In addition, the correlation between the CMB grades and cystatin C in patients with lacunar stroke showed a stronger association than that in patients with non lacunar stroke. Cystatin C was the most powerful indicator for CMBs among the three renal markers. Our results corroborate previous studies showing that renal dysfunction is independently associated with CMBs [8, 29]. Furthermore, we showed that cystatin C may reflect the severity of CMBs in a dose dependent manner ...

View Notes - Abstract for Annotated Source Geneology from NURSING Nursing at Kentucky. abnormal in 55%. Brain MRI in 35 children demonstrated white matter lesions separate from the optic nerves in

This study took advantage of the prospective accumulation of data in 493 patients who had clinical and radiologic evidence suggesting that their hemispheric ischemic events were of lacunar type. Caution must be exercised in making comparisons between the current observations and other reports in the literature. First, patients in the nonlacunar "control" group in this study had overt evidence of large-artery disease and did not consist of the usual normal subjects with whom lacunar syndromes have been compared previously. Second, no patients were accepted into the current study who failed to fulfill the clinical criteria for lacunar syndromes. Unlike other reports appearing in the literature, patients with radiologic findings alone were not considered to have lacunar strokes. Lastly, the definition of a lacunar stroke is an evolving process. There is uncertainty with regard to considering lacunar strokes that involve clinically one body area alone. In the current study these patients were ...