Partial or total removal, ablation, or destruction of the cerebral cortex; may be chemical. It is not used with animals that do not possess a cortex, i.e., it is used only with mammals.
Suppurative inflammation of the pleural space.
Presence of pus in a hollow organ or body cavity.
Surgical procedure involving the creation of an opening (stoma) into the chest cavity for drainage; used in the treatment of PLEURAL EFFUSION; PNEUMOTHORAX; HEMOTHORAX; and EMPYEMA.
Empyema due to MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.
Surgical incision into the chest wall.
Plastic tubes used for drainage of air or fluid from the pleural space. Their surgical insertion is called tube thoracostomy.
Surgery performed on the lung.
Surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis whereby the lung is totally or partially, temporarily or permanently, immobilized. The procedure was based on the popular concept that collapsing the affected portion of a tuberculous lung allowed the infected area to rest and thereby recover. At the beginning of the 20th century artificially induced pneumothorax (PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL) was popular. Later a variety of other techniques was used to encourage collapse of the infected portion of the lung: unilateral phrenic nerve division, PNEUMONOLYSIS, pneumoperitoneum (PNEUMOPERITONEUM, ARTIFICIAL), and THORACOPLASTY. Collapse therapy has declined since the advent of antitubercular chemotherapy. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Sabiston Jr, Textbook of Surgery, 14th ed, p1733-4)
Surgery performed on the thoracic organs, most commonly the lungs and the heart.
Neoplasms of the thin serous membrane that envelopes the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity. Pleural neoplasms are exceedingly rare and are usually not diagnosed until they are advanced because in the early stages they produce no symptoms.
The thin serous membrane enveloping the lungs (LUNG) and lining the THORACIC CAVITY. Pleura consist of two layers, the inner visceral pleura lying next to the pulmonary parenchyma and the outer parietal pleura. Between the two layers is the PLEURAL CAVITY which contains a thin film of liquid.
Endoscopic surgery of the pleural cavity performed with visualization via video transmission.
The removal of fluids or discharges from the body, such as from a wound, sore, or cavity.
The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM.
'Pleural diseases' is a broad term referring to various medical conditions that affect the pleura, the thin, double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs, including inflammation (pleurisy), effusions (excess fluid buildup), thickening, or tumors, which may cause chest pain, coughing, and breathing difficulties.
INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.
A genus known for fibers obtained from their leaves: sisal from A. sisalana, henequen from A. fourcroyoides and A. cantala, or Manila-Maguey fiber from A. cantala. Some species provide a sap that is fermented to an intoxicating drink, called pulque in Mexico. Some contain agavesides.
The administration of therapeutic agents drop by drop, as eye drops, ear drops, or nose drops. It is also administered into a body space or cavity through a catheter. It differs from THERAPEUTIC IRRIGATION in that the irrigate is removed within minutes, but the instillate is left in place.
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Absence of air in the entire or part of a lung, such as an incompletely inflated neonate lung or a collapsed adult lung. Pulmonary atelectasis can be caused by airway obstruction, lung compression, fibrotic contraction, or other factors.
The removal of foreign material and devitalized or contaminated tissue from or adjacent to a traumatic or infected lesion until surrounding healthy tissue is exposed. (Dorland, 27th ed)
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).
A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)
Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the pleural cavity.
The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.
The largest of the cerebral arteries. It trifurcates into temporal, frontal, and parietal branches supplying blood to most of the parenchyma of these lobes in the CEREBRAL CORTEX. These are the areas involved in motor, sensory, and speech activities.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Brain tissue herniation through a congenital or acquired defect in the skull. The majority of congenital encephaloceles occur in the occipital or frontal regions. Clinical features include a protuberant mass that may be pulsatile. The quantity and location of protruding neural tissue determines the type and degree of neurologic deficit. Visual defects, psychomotor developmental delay, and persistent motor deficits frequently occur.
Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dynamics, and skull rigidity.
The outermost of the three MENINGES, a fibrous membrane of connective tissue that covers the brain and the spinal cord.
Protrusion of tissue, structure, or part of an organ through the bone, muscular tissue, or the membrane by which it is normally contained. Hernia may involve tissues such as the ABDOMINAL WALL or the respiratory DIAPHRAGM. Hernias may be internal, external, congenital, or acquired.
The large hole at the base of the skull through which the SPINAL CORD passes.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Any of six membrane-covered openings between the CRANIAL SUTURES in the incompletely ossified skull of the fetus or newborn infant. The fontanelles normally close sometime after birth.

Visual responses of neurons in the middle temporal area of new world monkeys after lesions of striate cortex. (1/41)

In primates, lesions of striate cortex (V1) result in scotomas in which only rudimentary visual abilities remain. These aspects of vision that survive V1 lesions have been attributed to direct thalamic pathways to extrastriate areas, including the middle temporal area (MT). However, studies in New World monkeys and humans have questioned this interpretation, suggesting that remnants of V1 are responsible for both the activation of MT and residual vision. We studied the visual responses of neurons in area MT in New World marmoset monkeys in the weeks after lesions of V1. The extent of the scotoma in each case was estimated by mapping the receptive fields of cells located near the lesion border and by histological reconstruction. Two response types were observed among the cells located in the part of MT that corresponds, in visuotopic coordinates, to the lesioned part of V1. Many neurons (62%) had receptive fields that were displaced relative to their expected location, so that they represented the visual field immediately surrounding the scotoma. This may be a consequence of a process analogous to the reorganization of the V1 map after retinal lesions. However, another 20% of the cells had receptive fields centered inside the scotoma. Most of these neurons were strongly direction-selective, similar to normal MT cells. These results show that MT cells differ in their responses to lesioning of V1 and that only a subpopulation of MT neurons can be reasonably linked to residual vision and blindsight.  (+info)

Spiking-bursting activity in the thalamic reticular nucleus initiates sequences of spindle oscillations in thalamic networks. (2/41)

Recent intracellular and local field potential recordings from thalamic reticular (RE) neurons in vivo as well as computational modeling of the isolated RE nucleus suggest that, at relatively hyperpolarized levels of membrane potentials, the inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) between RE cells can be reversed and gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA(A)) -mediated depolarization can generate persistent spatio-temporal patterns in the RE nucleus. Here we investigate how this activity affects the spatio-temporal properties of spindle oscillations with computer models of interacting RE and thalamocortical (TC) cells. In a one-dimensional network of RE and TC cells, sequences of spindle oscillations alternated with localized patterns of spike-burst activity propagating inside the RE network. New sequences of spindle oscillations were initiated after removal of I(h)-mediated depolarization of the TC cells. The length of the interspindle lulls depended on the intrinsic and synaptic properties of RE and TC cells and was in the range of 3-20 s. In a two-dimensional model, GABA(A)-mediated 2-3 Hz oscillations persisted in the RE nucleus during interspindle lulls and initiated spindle sequences at many foci within the RE-TC network simultaneously. This model predicts that the intrinsic properties of the reticular thalamus may contribute to the synchrony of spindle oscillations observed in vivo.  (+info)

Emotional cognition without awareness after unilateral temporal lobectomy in humans. (3/41)

To investigate the function of the amygdala in human emotional cognition, we investigated the electrodermal activity (EDA) in response to masked (unseen) visual stimuli. Six epileptic subjects were investigated after unilateral temporal lobectomy. Emotionally valenced photographic slides (10 negative, 10 neutral) from the International Affective Picture System were presented to their unilateral visual fields under either subliminal or supraliminal conditions. An interaction between hemispheres and emotional valences was found only under the subliminal conditions; greater EDA responses to negative stimuli compared with neutral ones were observed when stimuli were presented to the intact hemispheres. The findings suggest that nonconscious emotional processing is reflected in EDA in a different manner from conscious emotional processing. Medial temporal structures, including the amygdala, thus appear to play a critical role in the neural substrates for this automatic processing.  (+info)

Dissociable roles of mid-dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior inferotemporal cortex in visual working memory. (4/41)

Functional neuroimaging in human subjects and studies of monkeys with lesions limited to the mid-dorsolateral (MDL) prefrontal cortex have shown that this specific region of the prefrontal cortex is involved in visual working memory, although its precise role remains a matter of debate. The present study compared the effect on visual working memory of lesions restricted to the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the monkey with that of lesions to the anterior inferotemporal cortex, a region of the temporal cortex specialized for visual memory. Increasing the delay during which information had to be maintained in visual working memory impaired performance after lesions of the anterior inferotemporal cortex, but not after mid-dorsolateral prefrontal lesions. By contrast, increasing the number of stimuli that had to be monitored impaired the performance of animals with mid-dorsolateral prefrontal lesions, but not that of animals with anterior inferotemporal lesions. This demonstration of a double dissociation between the effects of these two lesions provides strong evidence that the role of the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in visual working memory does not lie in the maintenance of information per se, but rather in the executive process of monitoring this information. In addition, the present study demonstrated that lesions limited to area 9, which constitutes the superior part of the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal region, give rise to a mild impairment in the monitoring of information, whereas lesions of the complete mid-dorsolateral prefrontal region yield a very severe impairment.  (+info)

The reorganization of sensorimotor function in children after hemispherectomy. A functional MRI and somatosensory evoked potential study. (5/41)

Children who have suffered extensive unilateral brain injury early in life may show a remarkable degree of residual sensorimotor function. It is generally believed that this reflects the high capacity of the immature brain for cerebral reorganization. In this study, we investigated 17 patients who had undergone hemispherectomy for relief from seizures; eight of the patients had congenital brain damage and nine had sustained their initial insult at the age of 1 year or older. Sensorimotor functions of the hand were investigated using functional MRI (fMRI) during a passive movement task, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) arising from electrical and vibration stimulation, and behavioural tests including grip strength, double simultaneous stimulation and joint position sense. On fMRI, two of the eight patients studied with this technique (one with congenital damage and one with damage acquired at the age of 3 years) showed activation in the sensorimotor cortex of the remaining hemisphere with passive movement of the hemiplegic hand. The location of the ipsilateral brain activation was similar to that found on movement of the normal contralateral hand, although the latter was greater in spatial extent. In one of these patients, a greater role was demonstrated for the ipsilateral secondary sensorimotor area (compared with the ipsilateral primary sensorimotor area) for movement of the hemiplegic hand than for movement of the normal hand. Median nerve stimulation of the hemiplegic hand showed reproducible early-latency ipsilateral SEP components in the remaining sensorimotor cortex in 10 of the 17 patients (five with congenital and five with acquired disease). Five of the patients who demonstrated ipsilateral electrical SEPs also showed ipsilateral vibration SEPs (two with congenital and three with acquired disease). The behavioural tests revealed residual sensorimotor function in 14 of the patients; however, not all of the patients who exhibited ipsilateral SEP or fMRI responses had residual sensorimotor function in the hemiplegic hand. Ipsilateral sensorimotor responses were demonstrated both in patients with congenital disease and those with acquired disease, suggesting that factors additional to aetiology and age at injury may influence the degree of residual sensorimotor function and cerebral reorganization.  (+info)

Failed surgery for epilepsy. A study of persistence and recurrence of seizures following temporal resection. (6/41)

From a series of 282 consecutive temporal resections for medically intractable epilepsy associated with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour (DNT) or non-specific pathology (NSP), 51 patients had persistent or recurrent seizures occurring at least monthly. Of these patients, 44 underwent detailed assessment of their postoperative seizures, which included clinical evaluation, interictal and ictal EEG and high-resolution MRI. Of the 20 patients with MTS in the original pathology, 14 (70%) had postoperative seizures arising in the hemisphere of the resection, the majority (12 patients) in the temporal region. Although MRI demonstrated residual hippocampus in five of these 12 patients, only one patient was considered to have seizures arising there, whilst the remainder had electroclinical evidence of seizure onset in the neocortex. In contrast, five of the MTS relapses (25%) had seizure onset exclusively in the contralateral temporal region. Among the 14 patients with non-specific pathology, relapse was also predominantly from the ipsilateral hemisphere (64%), but more relapsed from extratemporal sites compared with the MTS cases, including two with NSP who had occipital structural abnormalities. Although 70% of the 10 patients with DNT had postoperative partial seizures arising in the ipsilateral hemisphere, many (60%) had evidence of a more diffuse disorder with additional generalized seizures, cognitive and behavioural disturbance and multifocal and generalized EEG abnormalities. Nine patients (20%) had immediate postoperative seizure-free periods of at least 1 year, and seven of these had MTS in the operative specimen. Of these seven patients, four had ipsilateral temporal seizures and three had contralateral temporal seizures. Overall, few missed lesions were discovered on postoperative MRI and reoperations were performed or considered possible in a minority of cases. Despite well-defined preoperative electroclinical syndromes of temporal lobe epilepsy, many patients relapsed unexpectedly, either immediately or remotely from the time of surgery. Maturing epileptogenicity in a surgical scar was not, however, considered to be a significant primary mechanism in patients who relapsed after a seizure-free interval.  (+info)

Chronic NMDA receptor blockade from birth increases the sprouting capacity of ipsilateral retinocollicular axons without disrupting their early segregation. (7/41)

We have investigated the role of the NMDA glutamate receptor (NMDAR) in the genesis and regulation of structural plasticity during synaptogenesis in the visual layers of the rat superior colliculus (sSC). In this neuropil, three projections compete for synaptic space during development. By fluorescently labeling the projections of both eyes and imaging them with confocal microscopy, we can quantify the sprouting of the ipsilateral retinal projection that follows removal of a portion of the contralateral retinal and/or corticocollicular projection. Using these techniques we have studied the effects of NMDAR blockade under different levels of competition. NMDARs were chronically blocked from birth [postnatal day 0 (P0)] by suspending the competitive antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid in the slow release plastic Elvax, a slab of which was implanted over the sSC. Such treatment alone does not impair the normal segregation of the retinal projections. However, if sprouting of the ipsilateral projection is initiated with a small contralateral retinal lesion at P6, this sprouting can be further increased by blocking NMDARs from birth. Sprouting of the ipsilateral retinal projection is also induced by retinal lesions made at P10/P11, but NMDAR blockade does not augment the sprouting induced by this later lesion. However, when combined with simultaneous ablation of the ipsilateral visual cortex, P10/P11 lesions show increased sprouting after NMDAR blockade. These data indicate that P0 NMDAR blockade does not eliminate synaptic competition in the sSC. Instead, early elimination of NMDAR function appears to facilitate sprouting that is gated in a stepwise manner by the other visual afferents.  (+info)

Specific force of the rat extraocular muscles, levator and superior rectus, measured in situ. (8/41)

Extraocular muscles are characterized by their faster rates of contraction and their higher resistance to fatigue relative to limb skeletal muscles. Another often reported characteristic of extraocular muscles is that they generate lower specific forces (sP(o), force per muscle cross-sectional area, kN/m(2)) than limb skeletal muscles. To investigate this perplexing issue, the isometric contractile properties of the levator palpebrae superioris (levator) and superior rectus muscles of the rat were examined in situ with nerve and blood supply intact. The extraocular muscles were attached to a force transducer, and the cranial nerves exposed for direct stimulation. After determination of optimal muscle length (L(o)) and stimulation voltage, a full frequency-force relationship was established for each muscle. Maximum isometric tetanic force (P(o)) for the levator and superior rectus muscles was 177 +/- 13 and 280 +/- 10 mN (mean +/- SE), respectively. For the calculation of specific force, a number of rat levator and superior rectus muscles were stored in a 20% nitric acid-based solution to isolate individual muscle fibers. Muscle fiber lengths (L(f)) were expressed as a percentage of overall muscle length, allowing a mean L(f) to L(o) ratio to be used in the estimation of muscle cross-sectional area. Mean L(f):L(o) was determined to be 0.38 for the levator muscle and 0.45 for the superior rectus muscle. The sP(o) for the rat levator and superior rectus muscles measured in situ was 275 and 280 kN/m(2), respectively. These values are within the range of sP(o) values commonly reported for rat skeletal muscles. Furthermore P(o) and sP(o) for the rat levator and superior rectus muscles measured in situ were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than P(o) and sP(o) for these muscles measured in vitro. The results indicate that the force output of intact extraocular muscles differs greatly depending on the mode of testing. Although in vitro evaluation of extraocular muscle contractility will continue to reveal important information about this group of understudied muscles, the lower sP(o) values of these preparations should be recognized as being significantly less than their true potential. We conclude that extraocular muscles are not intrinsically weaker than skeletal muscles.  (+info)

Cerebral decortication is a medical condition that refers to the loss of cortical function in both hemispheres of the brain, resulting in a characteristic posture with arms extended and fingers flexed, while legs are kept together with toes pointed downwards. This condition is often seen in patients with severe brain injury or illness, such as those in a coma or vegetative state.

The loss of cortical function means that the outer layer of the brain, which is responsible for higher cognitive functions like thinking, perception, and consciousness, is no longer functioning properly. As a result, the body may adopt a decorticated posture due to the dysfunction in the motor areas of the brain.

It's important to note that cerebral decortication is not a diagnosis itself but rather a sign of severe neurological impairment. The prognosis for patients with this condition can vary widely depending on the underlying cause and other factors, such as the patient's age and overall health.

Empyema is a collection of pus in a body cavity. Pleural empyema refers to the presence of pus in the pleural space, which is the thin fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. This condition usually develops as a complication of pneumonia or lung infection, and it can cause symptoms such as chest pain, cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to treat the underlying infection, as well as drainage of the pus from the pleural space through procedures such as thoracentesis or chest tube placement. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the infected pleura and prevent recurrence.

Empyema is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of pus in a body cavity, most commonly in the pleural space surrounding the lungs. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection that spreads from the lung tissue to the pleural space. The buildup of pus can cause chest pain, cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Empyema can be a complication of pneumonia or other respiratory infections, and it may require treatment with antibiotics, drainage of the pus, and sometimes surgery.

Thoracostomy is a surgical procedure that involves the creation of an opening into the chest cavity to relieve excessive pressure, drain fluid or air accumulation, or provide access for surgery. It is commonly performed to treat conditions such as pneumothorax (collapsed lung), hemothorax (blood in the chest cavity), pleural effusion (excess fluid in the pleural space), and empyema (pus in the pleural space).

During a thoracostomy, a healthcare professional makes an incision on the chest wall and inserts a tube called a thoracostomy tube or chest tube. The tube is connected to a drainage system that helps remove the air, fluid, or blood from the chest cavity. This procedure can be performed as an emergency treatment or as a planned surgical intervention.

The medical definition of thoracostomy includes the following key components:

1. A surgical procedure
2. Involving the creation of an opening
3. Into the chest cavity (thorax)
4. To relieve pressure, drain fluids or air, or provide access for surgery
5. Often performed with the insertion of a thoracostomy tube or chest tube
6. Used to treat various conditions related to the pleural space and lungs

Tuberculous empyema is a specific type of empyema, which is a collection of pus in the pleural space (the space between the lungs and the chest wall). It is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium, which is the same bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB) of the lungs.

In tuberculous empyema, the bacteria spread from the lungs to the pleural space, where they cause an infection and inflammation. This can lead to the accumulation of pus and the development of a chronic empyema. Symptoms may include chest pain, cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Treatment typically involves a prolonged course of multiple antibiotics to kill the bacteria, as well as drainage of the pus from the pleural space. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the infected tissue and prevent recurrence.

Thoracotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision on the chest wall to gain access to the thoracic cavity, which contains the lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, and other vital organs. The incision can be made on the side (lateral thoracotomy), back (posterolateral thoracotomy), or front (median sternotomy) of the chest wall, depending on the specific surgical indication.

Thoracotomy is performed for various indications, including lung biopsy, lung resection, esophagectomy, heart surgery, and mediastinal mass removal. The procedure allows the surgeon to directly visualize and access the organs within the thoracic cavity, perform necessary procedures, and control bleeding if needed.

After the procedure, the incision is typically closed with sutures or staples, and a chest tube may be placed to drain any accumulated fluid or air from the pleural space around the lungs. The patient will require postoperative care and monitoring in a hospital setting until their condition stabilizes.

Chest tubes are medical devices that are inserted into the chest cavity to drain fluid, air, or blood. They are typically used to treat conditions such as pneumothorax (collapsed lung), hemothorax (blood in the chest cavity), pleural effusion (excess fluid in the chest cavity), and chylothorax (milky fluid in the chest cavity).

Chest tubes are usually inserted between the ribs and directed into the chest cavity, allowing for drainage of the affected area. The tubes are connected to a collection system that creates negative pressure, which helps to remove the air or fluid from the chest cavity.

The size and number of chest tubes used may vary depending on the severity and location of the condition being treated. Chest tubes are typically removed once the underlying condition has been resolved and the drainage has decreased to a minimal amount.

Pulmonary surgical procedures refer to the operations that are performed on the lungs and the surrounding structures, typically to treat or diagnose various respiratory conditions. These procedures can range from minimally invasive techniques to more complex surgeries, depending on the nature and severity of the condition. Here are some examples of pulmonary surgical procedures:

1. Thoracotomy: This is an open surgical procedure where a surgeon makes a large incision in the chest wall to access the lungs. It's typically used to remove lung tumors, repair damaged lung tissue, or perform a lobectomy (removal of a lobe of the lung).
2. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS): This is a minimally invasive procedure where a surgeon makes several small incisions in the chest wall and uses a camera and special instruments to perform the operation. VATS can be used for lung biopsies, lobectomies, and other procedures.
3. Lung biopsy: This is a procedure where a small piece of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to diagnose various conditions such as infections, interstitial lung diseases, or cancer. A biopsy can be performed through a thoracotomy, VATS, or bronchoscopy (a procedure that involves inserting a thin tube with a camera into the airways).
4. Bullectomy: This is a procedure where a surgeon removes large air-filled sacs in the lungs called bullae, which can cause shortness of breath and other symptoms.
5. Lung transplant: This is a complex surgical procedure where a diseased lung is removed and replaced with a healthy one from a donor. It's typically performed on patients with end-stage lung disease such as cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
6. Pleurodesis: This is a procedure where the space between the lungs and chest wall is irritated to prevent fluid from accumulating in that space, which can cause shortness of breath and other symptoms. It's typically performed on patients with recurrent pleural effusions (fluid buildup in the pleural space).

These are just a few examples of the many procedures that can be performed to treat various lung conditions.

I am not aware of a medical term or therapy specifically called "collapse therapy." The word "collapse" in the context of medicine may refer to the sudden loss of consciousness or the failure of a bodily structure or system. If you could provide more context or clarify what you mean by "collapse therapy," I would be happy to help you further!

Thoracic surgical procedures refer to the operations that are performed on the thorax, which is the part of the body that lies between the neck and the abdomen and includes the chest cage, lungs, heart, great blood vessels, esophagus, diaphragm, and other organs in the chest cavity. These surgical procedures can be either open or minimally invasive (using small incisions and specialized instruments) and are performed to diagnose, treat, or manage various medical conditions affecting the thoracic organs, such as:

1. Lung cancer: Thoracic surgeons perform lung resections (lobectomy, segmentectomy, wedge resection) to remove cancerous lung tissue. They may also perform mediastinal lymph node dissection to assess the spread of the disease.
2. Esophageal surgery: Surgeries like esophagectomy are performed to treat esophageal cancer or other conditions affecting the esophagus, such as severe GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease).
3. Chest wall surgery: This includes procedures to repair or replace damaged ribs, sternum, or chest wall muscles and treat conditions like pectus excavatum or tumors in the chest wall.
4. Heart surgery: Thoracic surgeons collaborate with cardiac surgeons to perform surgeries on the heart, such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve repair/replacement, and procedures for treating aneurysms or dissections of the aorta.
5. Diaphragm surgery: Procedures like diaphragm plication are performed to treat paralysis or weakness of the diaphragm that can lead to respiratory insufficiency.
6. Mediastinal surgery: This involves operating on the mediastinum, the area between the lungs, to remove tumors, cysts, or other abnormal growths.
7. Pleural surgery: Procedures like pleurodesis or decortication are performed to manage conditions affecting the pleura (the membrane surrounding the lungs), such as pleural effusions, pneumothorax, or empyema.
8. Lung surgery: Thoracic surgeons perform procedures on the lungs, including lobectomy, segmentectomy, or pneumonectomy to treat lung cancer, benign tumors, or other lung diseases.
9. Tracheal surgery: This includes procedures to repair or reconstruct damaged trachea or remove tumors and growths in the airway.
10. Esophageal surgery: Collaborating with general surgeons, thoracic surgeons perform esophagectomy and other procedures to treat esophageal cancer, benign tumors, or other conditions affecting the esophagus.

Pleural neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the pleura, which is the thin, double layered membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the inside of the chest wall. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Malignant pleural neoplasms are often associated with lung cancer, mesothelioma, or metastasis from other types of cancer. They can cause symptoms such as chest pain, cough, shortness of breath, and weight loss. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests like X-rays or CT scans, followed by biopsy to confirm the type of tumor. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

The pleura is the medical term for the double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the inside of the chest cavity. The two layers of the pleura are called the parietal pleura, which lines the chest cavity, and the visceral pleura, which covers the surface of the lungs.

The space between these two layers is called the pleural cavity, which contains a small amount of lubricating fluid that allows the lungs to move smoothly within the chest during breathing. The main function of the pleura is to protect the lungs and facilitate their movement during respiration.

Thoracic surgery, video-assisted (VATS) is a minimally invasive surgical technique used to diagnose and treat various conditions related to the chest cavity, including the lungs, pleura, mediastinum, esophagus, and diaphragm. In VATS, a thoracoscope, a type of endoscope with a camera and light source, is inserted through small incisions in the chest wall to provide visualization of the internal structures. The surgeon then uses specialized instruments to perform the necessary surgical procedures, such as biopsies, lung resections, or esophageal repairs. Compared to traditional open thoracic surgery, VATS typically results in less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recoveries for patients.

Drainage, in medical terms, refers to the removal of excess fluid or accumulated collections of fluids from various body parts or spaces. This is typically accomplished through the use of medical devices such as catheters, tubes, or drains. The purpose of drainage can be to prevent the buildup of fluids that may cause discomfort, infection, or other complications, or to treat existing collections of fluid such as abscesses, hematomas, or pleural effusions. Drainage may also be used as a diagnostic tool to analyze the type and composition of the fluid being removed.

Cerebral arteries refer to the blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the brain. These arteries branch off from the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries, which combine to form the basilar artery. The major cerebral arteries include:

1. Anterior cerebral artery (ACA): This artery supplies blood to the frontal lobes of the brain, including the motor and sensory cortices responsible for movement and sensation in the lower limbs.
2. Middle cerebral artery (MCA): The MCA is the largest of the cerebral arteries and supplies blood to the lateral surface of the brain, including the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes. It is responsible for providing blood to areas involved in motor function, sensory perception, speech, memory, and vision.
3. Posterior cerebral artery (PCA): The PCA supplies blood to the occipital lobe, which is responsible for visual processing, as well as parts of the temporal and parietal lobes.
4. Anterior communicating artery (ACoA) and posterior communicating arteries (PComAs): These are small arteries that connect the major cerebral arteries, forming an important circulatory network called the Circle of Willis. The ACoA connects the two ACAs, while the PComAs connect the ICA with the PCA and the basilar artery.

These cerebral arteries play a crucial role in maintaining proper brain function by delivering oxygenated blood to various regions of the brain. Any damage or obstruction to these arteries can lead to serious neurological conditions, such as strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs).

Pleural diseases refer to conditions that affect the pleura, which is the thin, double-layered membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the inside of the chest wall. The space between these two layers contains a small amount of fluid that helps the lungs move smoothly during breathing. Pleural diseases can cause inflammation, infection, or abnormal collections of fluid in the pleural space, leading to symptoms such as chest pain, cough, and difficulty breathing.

Some common examples of pleural diseases include:

1. Pleurisy: Inflammation of the pleura that causes sharp chest pain, often worsened by breathing or coughing.
2. Pleural effusion: An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which can be caused by various underlying conditions such as heart failure, pneumonia, cancer, or autoimmune disorders.
3. Empyema: A collection of pus in the pleural space, usually resulting from a bacterial infection.
4. Pleural thickening: Scarring and hardening of the pleura, which can restrict lung function and cause breathlessness.
5. Mesothelioma: A rare form of cancer that affects the pleura, often caused by exposure to asbestos.
6. Pneumothorax: A collection of air in the pleural space, which can result from trauma or a rupture of the lung tissue.

Proper diagnosis and treatment of pleural diseases require a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional, often involving imaging tests such as chest X-rays or CT scans, as well as fluid analysis or biopsy if necessary.

Pleurisy is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the pleura, which are the thin membranes that surround the lungs and line the inside of the chest cavity. The pleura normally produce a small amount of lubricating fluid that allows for smooth movement of the lungs during breathing. However, when they become inflamed (a condition known as pleuritis), this can cause pain and difficulty breathing.

The symptoms of pleurisy may include sharp chest pain that worsens with deep breathing or coughing, shortness of breath, cough, fever, and muscle aches. The pain may be localized to one area of the chest or may radiate to other areas such as the shoulders or back.

Pleurisy can have many different causes, including bacterial or viral infections, autoimmune disorders, pulmonary embolism (a blood clot that travels to the lungs), and certain medications or chemicals. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the inflammation, as well as managing symptoms such as pain and breathing difficulties with medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or opioids. In some cases, more invasive treatments such as thoracentesis (removal of fluid from the chest cavity) may be necessary.

'Agave' is a genus of plants, primarily found in hot and dry regions of the Americas. It is not a medical term or concept. Agave plants are known for their rosette-shaped arrangement of stiff, sharp leaves, and many species produce a tall flowering stalk after several years of growth. Some agave species are cultivated for the production of various products, such as tequila, a distilled beverage made from the blue agave plant (Agave tequilana), and agave nectar or syrup, derived from several different species.

While not directly related to medical terminology, it is worth noting that some agave species have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating skin conditions, wounds, or digestive issues. However, these uses are not well-studied and should not be considered a substitute for evidence-based modern medical treatments.

Instillation, in the context of drug administration, refers to the process of introducing a medication or therapeutic agent into a body cavity or onto a mucous membrane surface using gentle, steady pressure. This is typically done with the help of a device such as an eyedropper, pipette, or catheter. The goal is to ensure that the drug is distributed evenly over the surface or absorbed through the mucous membrane for localized or systemic effects. Instillation can be used for various routes of administration including ocular (eye), nasal, auricular (ear), vaginal, and intra-articular (joint space) among others. The choice of instillation as a route of administration depends on the drug's properties, the desired therapeutic effect, and the patient's overall health status.

Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that develops in the mesothelial cells, which are the thin layers of tissue that cover many of the internal organs. The most common site for mesothelioma to occur is in the pleura, the membrane that surrounds the lungs. This type is called pleural mesothelioma. Other types include peritoneal mesothelioma (which occurs in the lining of the abdominal cavity) and pericardial mesothelioma (which occurs in the lining around the heart).

Mesothelioma is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos, a group of naturally occurring minerals that were widely used in construction, insulation, and other industries because of their heat resistance and insulating properties. When asbestos fibers are inhaled or ingested, they can become lodged in the mesothelium, leading to inflammation, scarring, and eventually cancerous changes in the cells.

The symptoms of mesothelioma can take many years to develop after exposure to asbestos, and they may include chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath, fatigue, and weight loss. Treatment options for mesothelioma depend on the stage and location of the cancer, but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. Unfortunately, the prognosis for mesothelioma is often poor, with a median survival time of around 12-18 months after diagnosis.

Pulmonary atelectasis is a medical condition characterized by the collapse or closure of the alveoli (tiny air sacs) in the lungs, leading to reduced or absent gas exchange in the affected area. This results in decreased lung volume and can cause hypoxemia (low oxygen levels in the blood). Atelectasis can be caused by various factors such as obstruction of the airways, surfactant deficiency, pneumothorax, or compression from outside the lung. It can also occur after surgical procedures, particularly when the patient is lying in one position for a long time. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, cough, and chest discomfort, but sometimes it may not cause any symptoms, especially if only a small area of the lung is affected. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include bronchodilators, chest physiotherapy, or even surgery in severe cases.

Debridement is a medical procedure that involves the removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue to improve the healing process or prevent further infection. This can be done through various methods such as surgical debridement (removal of tissue using scalpel or scissors), mechanical debridement (use of wound irrigation or high-pressure water jet), autolytic debridement (using the body's own enzymes to break down and reabsorb dead tissue), and enzymatic debridement (application of topical enzymes to dissolve necrotic tissue). The goal of debridement is to promote healthy tissue growth, reduce the risk of infection, and improve overall wound healing.

Cerebral infarction, also known as a "stroke" or "brain attack," is the sudden death of brain cells caused by the interruption of their blood supply. It is most commonly caused by a blockage in one of the blood vessels supplying the brain (an ischemic stroke), but can also result from a hemorrhage in or around the brain (a hemorrhagic stroke).

Ischemic strokes occur when a blood clot or other particle blocks a cerebral artery, cutting off blood flow to a part of the brain. The lack of oxygen and nutrients causes nearby brain cells to die. Hemorrhagic strokes occur when a weakened blood vessel ruptures, causing bleeding within or around the brain. This bleeding can put pressure on surrounding brain tissues, leading to cell death.

Symptoms of cerebral infarction depend on the location and extent of the affected brain tissue but may include sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg; difficulty speaking or understanding speech; vision problems; loss of balance or coordination; and severe headache with no known cause. Immediate medical attention is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment to minimize potential long-term damage or disability.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect a person's ability to move and maintain balance and posture. According to the Mayo Clinic, CP is caused by abnormal brain development or damage to the developing brain that affects a child's ability to control movement.

The symptoms of cerebral palsy can vary in severity and may include:

* Spasticity (stiff or tight muscles)
* Rigidity (resistance to passive movement)
* Poor coordination and balance
* Weakness or paralysis
* Tremors or involuntary movements
* Abnormal gait or difficulty walking
* Difficulty with fine motor skills, such as writing or using utensils
* Speech and language difficulties
* Vision, hearing, or swallowing problems

It's important to note that cerebral palsy is not a progressive condition, meaning that it does not worsen over time. However, the symptoms may change over time, and some individuals with CP may experience additional medical conditions as they age.

Cerebral palsy is usually caused by brain damage that occurs before or during birth, but it can also be caused by brain injuries that occur in the first few years of life. Some possible causes of cerebral palsy include:

* Infections during pregnancy
* Lack of oxygen to the brain during delivery
* Traumatic head injury during birth
* Brain bleeding or stroke in the newborn period
* Genetic disorders
* Maternal illness or infection during pregnancy

There is no cure for cerebral palsy, but early intervention and treatment can help improve outcomes and quality of life. Treatment may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, medications to manage symptoms, surgery, and assistive devices such as braces or wheelchairs.

Pleural effusion is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which is the thin, fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs and lines the inside of the chest wall. This space typically contains a small amount of fluid to allow for smooth movement of the lungs during breathing. However, when an excessive amount of fluid accumulates, it can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, and chest pain.

Pleural effusions can be caused by various underlying medical conditions, including pneumonia, heart failure, cancer, pulmonary embolism, and autoimmune disorders. The fluid that accumulates in the pleural space can be transudative or exudative, depending on the cause of the effusion. Transudative effusions are caused by increased pressure in the blood vessels or decreased protein levels in the blood, while exudative effusions are caused by inflammation, infection, or cancer.

Diagnosis of pleural effusion typically involves a physical examination, chest X-ray, and analysis of the fluid in the pleural space. Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the effusion and may include medications, drainage of the fluid, or surgery.

Thoracoscopy is a surgical procedure in which a thoracoscope, a type of endoscope, is inserted through a small incision between the ribs to examine the lungs and pleural space (the space surrounding the lungs). It allows the surgeon to directly view the chest cavity, take biopsies, and perform various operations. This procedure is often used in the diagnosis and treatment of pleural effusions, lung cancer, and other chest conditions.

Cerebrovascular circulation refers to the network of blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood and nutrients to the brain tissue, and remove waste products. It includes the internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries, circle of Willis, and the intracranial arteries that branch off from them.

The internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries merge to form the circle of Willis, a polygonal network of vessels located at the base of the brain. The anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery, and communicating arteries are the major vessels that branch off from the circle of Willis and supply blood to different regions of the brain.

Interruptions or abnormalities in the cerebrovascular circulation can lead to various neurological conditions such as stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and vascular dementia.

The Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) is one of the main blood vessels that supplies oxygenated blood to the brain. It arises from the internal carotid artery and divides into several branches, which supply the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, including the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes.

The MCA is responsible for providing blood flow to critical areas of the brain, such as the primary motor and sensory cortices, Broca's area (associated with speech production), Wernicke's area (associated with language comprehension), and the visual association cortex.

Damage to the MCA or its branches can result in a variety of neurological deficits, depending on the specific location and extent of the injury. These may include weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, sensory loss, language impairment, and visual field cuts.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

An Encephalocele is a type of neural tube defect that occurs when the bones of the skull do not close completely during fetal development. This results in a sac-like protrusion of the brain and the membranes that cover it through an opening in the skull. The sac may be visible on the scalp, forehead, or back of the head, and can vary in size. Encephaloceles can cause a range of symptoms, including developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, vision problems, and seizures, depending on the severity and location of the defect. Treatment typically involves surgical repair of the encephalocele soon after birth to prevent further damage to the brain and improve outcomes.

Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure inside the skull and is typically measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). It's the measurement of the pressure exerted by the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, and brain tissue within the confined space of the skull.

Normal ICP ranges from 5 to 15 mmHg in adults when lying down. Intracranial pressure may increase due to various reasons such as bleeding in the brain, swelling of the brain, increased production or decreased absorption of CSF, and brain tumors. Elevated ICP is a serious medical emergency that can lead to brain damage or even death if not promptly treated. Symptoms of high ICP may include severe headache, vomiting, altered consciousness, and visual changes.

Dura Mater is the thickest and outermost of the three membranes (meninges) that cover the brain and spinal cord. It provides protection and support to these delicate structures. The other two layers are called the Arachnoid Mater and the Pia Mater, which are thinner and more delicate than the Dura Mater. Together, these three layers form a protective barrier around the central nervous system.

A hernia is a protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weakened area in the abdominal wall, often appearing as a bulge beneath the skin. This condition can occur in various parts of the body such as the groin (inguinal hernia), navel (umbilical hernia), or site of a previous surgical incision (incisional hernia). Hernias may cause discomfort or pain, especially when straining, lifting heavy objects, or during bowel movements. In some cases, they may lead to serious complications like intestinal obstruction or strangulation, requiring immediate medical attention.

The foramen magnum is the largest opening in the human skull, located at the base of the skull, through which the spinal cord connects to the brain. It is a crucial structure for the transmission of nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body. The foramen magnum also provides passage for blood vessels that supply the brainstem and upper spinal cord.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Cranial fontanelles, also known as "soft spots," are the membrane-covered spaces between the bones of a newborn or infant's skull. There are six fontanelles in total: two anterior (frontal) fontanelles, two posterior (occipital) fontanelles, and two smaller sphenoid and mastoid fontanelles.

The anterior fontanelle is the most prominent and is located towards the front of the head. It typically measures about 1 to 2 inches in diameter at birth and closes by around 18-24 months of age as the bones of the skull grow together. The posterior fontanelle is smaller, located towards the back of the head, and usually closes by around 2 months of age.

The fontanelles allow for the baby's brain to grow rapidly during the first few months of life, and they also provide some flexibility during childbirth, allowing the skull bones to overlap and make it easier for the baby to pass through the birth canal. It is important to handle a newborn gently, especially around the fontanelles, as they are still developing and can be injured easily.

Tissue may be stripped from the cerebral cortex in a process called decortication. The uncus can squeeze the oculomotor nerve ( ... Halliday A. "Cerebral Herniation Syndromes" (PDF). Oregon Neurosurgery Specialists. Smith, Julian; Joe J. Tjandra; Gordon J. A ... In central herniation, the diencephalon and parts of the temporal lobes of both of the cerebral hemispheres are squeezed ... anterior cerebral artery), or it may progress to central herniation. Interference with the blood supply can cause dangerous ...
... cerebral decortication MeSH E04.525.160.500 - hemispherectomy MeSH E04.525.170 - cerebrospinal fluid shunts MeSH E04.525. ... cerebral revascularization MeSH E04.494.575 - mohs surgery MeSH E04.520.050 - abortion, induced MeSH E04.520.050.050 - abortion ... cerebral revascularization MeSH E04.100.814.445 - embolectomy MeSH E04.100.814.456 - endarterectomy MeSH E04.100.814.456.250 - ...
Progressive cerebral and brainstem atrophy was noted on serial MRIs made at 3 months and after 6 months of age. Van Hove et al ... In addition, because of persistent chylothorax, he underwent decortication of the right lung and oversewing of the thoracic ... Ultrasonography demonstrated fetal hydrops, diaphragmatic hernia, and striking dilatation of the cerebral ventricles in both ... cerebral ventricular dilation, camptodactyly, agenesis of sacrum, low-set ear.[citation needed] In a newborn boy thought to ...
With difference to decortication there is pontine transection, thus sparing of the VestibuloSpinal (VS) and ReticuloSpinal (RES ... Decerebration is the elimination of cerebral brain function in an animal by removing the cerebrum, cutting across the brain ... Decerebration in humans tends to have a worse prognosis than decortication. The most obvious accentuation is seen in the tonic ...
Pain modulation - The reticular formation is one means by which pain signals from the lower body reach the cerebral cortex. It ... as the same results were obtained following decerebellation and decortication. The researchers proposed that a column of cells ... It had been thought that wakefulness depended only on the direct reception of afferent (sensory) stimuli at the cerebral cortex ... Jang SH, Kwon HG (October 2015). "The direct pathway from the brainstem reticular formation to the cerebral cortex in the ...
... cerebral hemisphere - cerebrospinal fluid - cerebrospinal fluid diversion - cervical - cervical intraepithelial neoplasia - ... decortication - deferoxamine - defibrotide - degenerative disease - dehydroepiandrosterone - delayed-type hypersensitivity ...
Proponents of NICO recommend decortication (surgical removal of a section of the cortical plate, originally described as a ... Research in individuals with AFP showed that there is increased cerebral activity (demonstrated during positron emission ...
It has been concluded that the cerebral cortex may play a facilitating part in this type of convulsive process. These ... Bard, P.P. (1934). "On emotional expression after decortication with some remarks on certain theoretical views: Part II". ... In considering such subcortical brain functions, including the rage facilitated by decortication, he noted that "American ... produced in animal experiments by removing the cerebral cortex, which are claimed to occur in the absence of any sort of inner ...
Laparoscopic cyst decortication (also referred to as marsupialization) consists in the removal of one or more kidney cysts ... "Should patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease be screened for cerebral aneurysms?". AJNR. American Journal ... Laparoscopic decortication presents a 5% recurrence rate of renal cysts compared to an 82% recurrence rate obtained with ... McDougall EM (December 2000). "Approach to decortication of simple cysts and polycystic kidneys". Journal of Endourology. 14 ( ...
Tissue may be stripped from the cerebral cortex in a process called decortication. The uncus can squeeze the oculomotor nerve ( ... Halliday A. "Cerebral Herniation Syndromes" (PDF). Oregon Neurosurgery Specialists. Smith, Julian; Joe J. Tjandra; Gordon J. A ... In central herniation, the diencephalon and parts of the temporal lobes of both of the cerebral hemispheres are squeezed ... anterior cerebral artery), or it may progress to central herniation. Interference with the blood supply can cause dangerous ...
Cerebral Decortication. Partial or total removal, ablation, or destruction of the cerebral cortex; may be chemical. It is not ... Cerebral Cortex. The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON ... NeostriatumCorpus StriatumCerebral DecorticationImprinting (Psychology)Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32Caudate ... Also in the 1970s, autapses have been described in dog and rat cerebral cortex, monkey neostriatum, and cat spinal cord. In ...
INSULA OF REIL was see under CEREBRAL CORTEX 1968-78. Related:. Cerebral Decortication MeSH Cortical Spreading Depression MeSH ... Cerebral Cortex - Preferred Concept UI. M0003878. Scope note. The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL ... surg: probably CEREBRAL DECORTICATION. Allowable Qualifiers:. AB abnormalities. AH anatomy & histology. BS blood supply. CH ... Cerebral Cortex Entry term(s). Cerebral Cortices Cerebri, Cortex Cerebrus, Cortex Cortex Cerebri Cortex Cerebrus Cortex, ...
Cortex Decortication, Cerebral Cortex Decortications, Cerebral Cosmetic Dentistries Cosmetic Dentistry Cosmetic Reconstructive ...
Cerebral Decortication. *Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts. *Craniotomy. *Denervation. *Foraminotomy. *Hypophysectomy. *Laminectomy. * ...
Cerebral Decortication. *Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts. *Craniotomy. *Denervation. *Foraminotomy. *Hypophysectomy. *Laminectomy. * ...
Cerebral Decortication. *Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts. *Craniotomy. *Denervation. *Foraminotomy. *Hypophysectomy. *Laminectomy. * ...
Cerebral Decortication. *Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts. *Craniotomy. *Denervation. *Foraminotomy. *Hypophysectomy. *Laminectomy. * ...
Cerebral Decortication [E04.525.160] Cerebral Decortication * Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts [E04.525.170] Cerebrospinal Fluid ... A neurosurgical procedure that removes the anterior TEMPORAL LOBE including the medial temporal structures of CEREBRAL CORTEX; ... A neurosurgical procedure that removes the anterior TEMPORAL LOBE including the medial temporal structures of CEREBRAL CORTEX; ... AMÍGDALA CEREBRAL, HIPOCAMPO y la adyacente CIRCUNVOLUCIÓN PARAHIPOCÁMPICA. Generalmente, este procedimiento se usa para el ...
Decortication, Cerebral use Cerebral Decortication Decortication, Cerebral Cortex use Cerebral Decortication Decortications, ... Cerebral use Cerebral Decortication Decortications, Cerebral Cortex use Cerebral Decortication Decortin use Prednisone ...
Decortication, Cerebral use Cerebral Decortication Decortication, Cerebral Cortex use Cerebral Decortication Decortications, ... Cerebral use Cerebral Decortication Decortications, Cerebral Cortex use Cerebral Decortication Decortin use Prednisone ...
Decortication, Cerebral use Cerebral Decortication Decortication, Cerebral Cortex use Cerebral Decortication Decortications, ... Cerebral use Cerebral Decortication Decortications, Cerebral Cortex use Cerebral Decortication Decortin use Prednisone ...
Decortication, Cerebral use Cerebral Decortication Decortication, Cerebral Cortex use Cerebral Decortication Decortications, ... Cerebral use Cerebral Decortication Decortications, Cerebral Cortex use Cerebral Decortication Decortin use Prednisone ...
Intermittent myoclonus had persisted since admission, and a CT scan showed diffuse cerebral oedema due to post-hypoxic brain ... and no signs of decortication were found. At four weeks after injury, the patient was transported to his regional hospital he ...
Fluid restrictions (to prevent cerebral edema) may be more harmful because patients may be under resuscitated. Antibiotics must ... If untreated, these changes result in decortication or decerebration and can progress rapidly to respiratory and cardiac arrest ... The development of brain edema further compromises cerebral circulation, and this effect can result in increased intracranial ... Manage fluids and electrolytes to ensure appropriate blood pressure and cerebral perfusion. ...
What happens to cerebral flow if ICP increases? Flow decreases. If ICP,CPP then get hypoxia & hypercapnia which causes brain ... Decortication/Decerebration)*Outcome is DEATH or SEVERE DISABILITY * What are the FOUR types of focal lesions of lacerations ( ... How is cerebral perfusion pressure regulated? *By constriction or dilation of vessels.*CO2 is potent vasodilator so we ... Creates a change in cerebral blood flow*Severity of stroke depends on the loss of flow (lg artery=lg damage, & vice versa)* ...
Fluid restrictions (to prevent cerebral edema) may be more harmful because patients may be under resuscitated. Antibiotics must ... If untreated, these changes result in decortication or decerebration and can progress rapidly to respiratory and cardiac arrest ... The development of brain edema further compromises cerebral circulation, and this effect can result in increased intracranial ... Adequate fluid administration is necessary to maintain perfusion, especially cerebral perfusion. ...
Cerebral Artery Thrombosis. Cerebral Vascular Disease. Congestive Heart Failure. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Deep Vein ... Decortication and Pleurectomy. Embolectomy, Thrombectomy, or Vessel Exploration. Endovascular Repair of Aorta. Heart Defect ...
One or more discrete control centers in the brain are activated during exercise by output from the cerebral cortex, and ... Forex dublin airport Pulmonary decortication via. Forex dublin airport. 1995, especially during early and late pregnancy. ... The actual number of infections is almost CEREBRAL INFECTION 297 FOOT-METATARSALAND PHALANGEAL FRACTURES Metatarsal fractures ...
Other types of surgery include debulking in which a part or all of the tumor is removed; and pleurectomy and decortication in ... Patients with neurological symptoms must be aware of cerebral metastasis.. Malignant mesothelioma was reported to be a result ...
A motor dysfunction syndrome, classi?able as a confused cerebral palsy, is regularly present. This come up at only 180 mg doses ... This is a certainly inade-quate surgery because there is no decortication and no facetectomy, withonly darned tiniest bone ... In general, increments in extra- cellular cerebral levels of glutamate or reduced concentrations of GABA should prefer to been ... Nervecells that exhort the neurotrans-mitter acetylcholine stimulatethe thalamus, which activatesthe cerebral cortex (red path- ...
Other types of surgeries include debulking, where part or all of the tumor is removed; and pleurectomy and decortication where ... The presence of cerebral metastasis should be considered in patients with neurological symptoms. ...
Elevations in cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery exceed quo oxygen consumption, thereby enabling changes in local cerebral ... Panksepp, J., Normansell, L., Cox, J. F., and Siviy, S. M. (1994). Effects of neonatal decortication on the social play of ... Davidson, R. J. (1988). EEG measures of cerebral asymmetry: conceptual and methodological issues. Int. J. Neurosci. 39, 71-89. ... This technology measures cerebral changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) vs. deoxygenated hemoglobin ( ...
Decortication of lung. * (0.39). * (0.39). * (0.44). * (0.48). 15 (0.48). Thoracoscopic excision of lesion or tissue of lung. * ... Incision of cerebral meninges. 65 (3.62). 47 (2.60). 34 (3.90). 36 (4.12). 357 (3.27). ... can lead to cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome that causes acute neurological deficits [21]. Solid organ transplant surgeries ... Surgery also has been known to amplify the inflammatory pathways which can initiate or exacerbate cerebral ischemic injury [3,9 ...
lacking a cortex and especially the cerebral cortex experiments with decorticate cats. ...
Conclusion: Thoracotomy with decortication is superior to tube thoracostomy in paediatric non-traumatic pleural fluid ... Similarly, 1 case (0.76 %) of cerebral empyema; rheumatoid arthritis (0.76%), one (01) chronic kidney disease, 1 case of heart ... Alternative treatment with thoracotomy and decortications gave a success rate of 100. ...
Cerebral Oxygen Desaturation and Postoperative Cognitive Effects in Elderly Patients Operated in Beach Chair Position. Asu zg ... The mean age was 63 (range 41 89). Extrapleural pneumonectomy was performed in 27, pleurectomy/decortication in 25, and radical ... LTF is an easy and efficacious procedure that allows cerebral relaxation before surgical clipping and decreases the risk of ... DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Elderly patients undergoing shoulder operations in BCP are at higher risk of serious cerebral ...
Cerebral Cortex 1995;5(6):506517. Book VI Chapter 3 Contribute CS3 Administration CHAPTER 13 For streaming to work. The main ... the surgeons ability to resect all gross tumor with either tradiny extrapleural pneumonectomy or pleurectomy with decortication ...
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  • Tissue may be stripped from the cerebral cortex in a process called decortication. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Compression of the ipsilateral posterior cerebral artery will result in ischemia of the ipsilateral primary visual cortex and contralateral visual field deficits in both eyes (contralateral homonymous hemianopsia). (wikipedia.org)
  • Procedimiento neuroquirúrgico que elimina el LÓBULO TEMPORAL anterior incluyendo las estructuras temporales mediales de la CORTEZA CEREBRAL, AMÍGDALA CEREBRAL, HIPOCAMPO y la adyacente CIRCUNVOLUCIÓN PARAHIPOCÁMPICA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Manage fluids and electrolytes to ensure appropriate blood pressure and cerebral perfusion. (medscape.com)
  • Monitor VS and rhythm (arrhythmia like Afib will decrease cerebral perfusion! (freezingblue.com)
  • Patients with neurological symptoms must be aware of cerebral metastasis. (kastellet-vel.no)
  • The presence of cerebral metastasis should be considered in patients with neurological symptoms. (athademu.com)
  • The anterior of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain arising from the NEURAL TUBE. (lookformedical.com)
  • Les étudiants en année de doctorat affectés dans le service de médecine interne étaient responsables de la gestion quotidienne du CTE sous la supervision des spécialistes en médecine interne Ce service était subdivisé en deux parties: le CTE qui prenait en charge les cas de Covid -19 et le reste du service qui devait continuer à accueillir les patients atteints d'autres affections ou qui y étaient régulièrement suivies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cerebral oxygen saturation monitored by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in elderly patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder operations in beach chair position (BCP) was assessed to see if this age group showed any failure to compensate for these positional hemodynamic effects and had POCD. (hnhtipdergisi.com)
  • DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Elderly patients undergoing shoulder operations in BCP are at higher risk of serious cerebral hypotension, desaturation and peri-operative cognitive dysfunction than the younger patients. (hnhtipdergisi.com)
  • Cerebral symptoms appear when any damage of the meninges: inflammatory, traumatic and cancer. (vsebolezni.com)
  • Cerebral Decortication" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)
  • Kernig's sign is one of the important markers of lesion of cerebral membranes in stroke (bleeding in brain), meningitis, irritation of membranes with bacterial infections. (vsebolezni.com)
  • To Differentiate the physiological state and pathology of the syndrome will help Brudzinskogo, which reveals signs of lesion of cerebral membranes at the expense of provocation meningeal pose. (vsebolezni.com)
  • 5. The cerebral isthmus: fiber tract anatomy, functional significance, and surgical considerations. (nih.gov)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cerebral Decortication" by people in this website by year, and whether "Cerebral Decortication" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (rush.edu)
  • PMID- 14427945 TI - [Research on the action of vasoactive drugs on cerebral circulation in patients suffering from apoplectic strokes. (nih.gov)
  • For the period from January 2016 to December 2018 retroperitoneoscopic decortication of super kamagra vs kamagra and renal cysts was performed in 78 patients. (mensforcepills.com)
  • The presence of a cerebral metastasis must be considered for patients suffering from neurological symptoms. (athademu.com)
  • Les étudiants en année de doctorat affectés dans le service de médecine interne étaient responsables de la gestion quotidienne du CTE sous la supervision des spécialistes en médecine interne Ce service était subdivisé en deux parties: le CTE qui prenait en charge les cas de Covid -19 et le reste du service qui devait continuer à accueillir les patients atteints d'autres affections ou qui y étaient régulièrement suivies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, total muscular atony such as is found in paradoxical sleep, may occur periodically in states of rigidity due to decortication or to decerebration. (univ-lyon1.fr)