Cerebral arteries. Medical search

The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM.

The largest of the cerebral arteries. It trifurcates into temporal, frontal, and parietal branches supplying blood to most of the parenchyma of these lobes in the CEREBRAL CORTEX. These are the areas involved in motor, sensory, and speech activities.

NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.

The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.

Artery formed by the bifurcation of the BASILAR ARTERY. Branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply portions of the OCCIPITAL LOBE; PARIETAL LOBE; inferior temporal gyrus, brainstem, and CHOROID PLEXUS.

Artery formed by the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL). Branches of the anterior cerebral artery supply the CAUDATE NUCLEUS; INTERNAL CAPSULE; PUTAMEN; SEPTAL NUCLEI; GYRUS CINGULI; and surfaces of the FRONTAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE.

Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.

Radiography of the vascular system of the brain after injection of a contrast medium.

The artery formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries; it runs from the lower to the upper border of the pons, where it bifurcates into the two posterior cerebral arteries.

Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY.

Either of the two principal arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head and neck; each divides into two branches, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery.

The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)

Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.

A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)

Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.

Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the anterior part of the brain, the eye and its appendages, the forehead and nose.

A branch of the abdominal aorta which supplies the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters.

The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery.

A non-invasive technique using ultrasound for the measurement of cerebrovascular hemodynamics, particularly cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral collateral flow. With a high-intensity, low-frequency pulse probe, the intracranial arteries may be studied transtemporally, transorbitally, or from below the foramen magnum.

The first branch of the SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY with distribution to muscles of the NECK; VERTEBRAE; SPINAL CORD; CEREBELLUM; and interior of the CEREBRUM.

NECROSIS occurring in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY system, including branches such as Heubner's artery. These arteries supply blood to the medial and superior parts of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, Infarction in the anterior cerebral artery usually results in sensory and motor impairment in the lower body.

Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (>2.5 cm in diameter) may compress adjacent structures, including the OCULOMOTOR NERVE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p841)

A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.

Embolism or thrombosis involving blood vessels which supply intracranial structures. Emboli may originate from extracranial or intracranial sources. Thrombosis may occur in arterial or venous structures.

Arteries arising from the external carotid or the maxillary artery and distributing to the temporal region.

Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.

Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)

Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.

A polygonal anastomosis at the base of the brain formed by the internal carotid (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL), proximal parts of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries (ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), the anterior communicating artery and the posterior communicating arteries.

Veins draining the cerebrum.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.

NECROSIS induced by ISCHEMIA in the POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which supplies portions of the BRAIN STEM; the THALAMUS; TEMPORAL LOBE, and OCCIPITAL LOBE. Depending on the size and location of infarction, clinical features include OLFACTION DISORDERS and visual problems (AGNOSIA; ALEXIA; HEMIANOPSIA).

The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)

Non-invasive method of vascular imaging and determination of internal anatomy without injection of contrast media or radiation exposure. The technique is used especially in CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY as well as for studies of other vascular structures.

Surgical therapy of ischemic coronary artery disease achieved by grafting a section of saphenous vein, internal mammary artery, or other substitute between the aorta and the obstructed coronary artery distal to the obstructive lesion.

A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.

Either of two large arteries originating from the abdominal aorta; they supply blood to the pelvis, abdominal wall and legs.

Microsurgical revascularization to improve intracranial circulation. It usually involves joining the extracranial circulation to the intracranial circulation but may include extracranial revascularization (e.g., subclavian-vertebral artery bypass, subclavian-external carotid artery bypass). It is performed by joining two arteries (direct anastomosis or use of graft) or by free autologous transplantation of highly vascularized tissue to the surface of the brain.

The direct continuation of the brachial trunk, originating at the bifurcation of the brachial artery opposite the neck of the radius. Its branches may be divided into three groups corresponding to the three regions in which the vessel is situated, the forearm, wrist, and hand.

Restoration of blood supply to tissue which is ischemic due to decrease in normal blood supply. The decrease may result from any source including atherosclerotic obstruction, narrowing of the artery, or surgical clamping. It is primarily a procedure for treating infarction or other ischemia, by enabling viable ischemic tissue to recover, thus limiting further necrosis. However, it is thought that reperfusion can itself further damage the ischemic tissue, causing REPERFUSION INJURY.

A condition characterized by somnolence or coma in the presence of an acute infection with PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM (and rarely other Plasmodium species). Initial clinical manifestations include HEADACHES; SEIZURES; and alterations of mentation followed by a rapid progression to COMA. Pathologic features include cerebral capillaries filled with parasitized erythrocytes and multiple small foci of cortical and subcortical necrosis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p136)

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

Specialized arterial vessels in the umbilical cord. They carry waste and deoxygenated blood from the FETUS to the mother via the PLACENTA. In humans, there are usually two umbilical arteries but sometimes one.

Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.

Arteries originating from the subclavian or axillary arteries and distributing to the anterior thoracic wall, mediastinal structures, diaphragm, pectoral muscles and mammary gland.

The two principal arteries supplying the structures of the head and neck. They ascend in the neck, one on each side, and at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, each divides into two branches, the external (CAROTID ARTERY, EXTERNAL) and internal (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL) carotid arteries.

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

Artery arising from the brachiocephalic trunk on the right side and from the arch of the aorta on the left side. It distributes to the neck, thoracic wall, spinal cord, brain, meninges, and upper limb.

The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.

Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the exterior of the head, the face, and the greater part of the neck.

Artery originating from the internal carotid artery and distributing to the eye, orbit and adjacent facial structures.

The continuation of the axillary artery; it branches into the radial and ulnar arteries.

The largest branch of the celiac trunk with distribution to the spleen, pancreas, stomach and greater omentum.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).

Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The innermost layer of the three meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. It is the fine vascular membrane that lies under the ARACHNOID and the DURA MATER.

The veins and arteries of the HEART.

A branch of the celiac artery that distributes to the stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, and greater omentum.

Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. This may produce CAROTID STENOSIS or occlusion of the vessel, leading to TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; or AMAUROSIS FUGAX.

A large vessel supplying the whole length of the small intestine except the superior part of the duodenum. It also supplies the cecum and the ascending part of the colon and about half the transverse part of the colon. It arises from the anterior surface of the aorta below the celiac artery at the level of the first lumbar vertebra.

Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with frequency-shifted ultrasound reflections produced by moving targets (usually red blood cells) in the bloodstream along the ultrasound axis in direct proportion to the velocity of movement of the targets, to determine both direction and velocity of blood flow. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The act of constricting.

A method of delineating blood vessels by subtracting a tissue background image from an image of tissue plus intravascular contrast material that attenuates the X-ray photons. The background image is determined from a digitized image taken a few moments before injection of the contrast material. The resulting angiogram is a high-contrast image of the vessel. This subtraction technique allows extraction of a high-intensity signal from the superimposed background information. The image is thus the result of the differential absorption of X-rays by different tissues.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

The arterial trunk that arises from the abdominal aorta and after a short course divides into the left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries.

Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.

A noninflammatory, progressive occlusion of the intracranial CAROTID ARTERIES and the formation of netlike collateral arteries arising from the CIRCLE OF WILLIS. Cerebral angiogram shows the puff-of-smoke (moyamoya) collaterals at the base of the brain. It is characterized by endothelial HYPERPLASIA and FIBROSIS with thickening of arterial walls. This disease primarily affects children but can also occur in adults.

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

Formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) in a blood vessel within the SKULL. Intracranial thrombosis can lead to thrombotic occlusions and BRAIN INFARCTION. The majority of the thrombotic occlusions are associated with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

A method of hemostasis utilizing various agents such as Gelfoam, silastic, metal, glass, or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli. It has been used in the treatment of spinal cord and INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, renal arteriovenous fistulas, gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hypersplenism, certain highly vascular tumors, traumatic rupture of blood vessels, and control of operative hemorrhage.

Dominance of one cerebral hemisphere over the other in cerebral functions.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).

The neural systems which act on VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE to control blood vessel diameter. The major neural control is through the sympathetic nervous system.

Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dynamics, and skull rigidity.

A method of non-invasive, continuous measurement of MICROCIRCULATION. The technique is based on the values of the DOPPLER EFFECT of low-power laser light scattered randomly by static structures and moving tissue particulates.

Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.

Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.

Assessment of sensory and motor responses and reflexes that is used to determine impairment of the nervous system.

Arteries originating from the subclavian or axillary arteries and distributing to the anterior thoracic wall, mediastinal structures, diaphragm, pectoral muscles, mammary gland and the axillary aspect of the chest wall.

Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue.

Rhythmic, intermittent propagation of a fluid through a BLOOD VESSEL or piping system, in contrast to constant, smooth propagation, which produces laminar flow.

The state of activity or tension of a muscle beyond that related to its physical properties, that is, its active resistance to stretch. In skeletal muscle, tonus is dependent upon efferent innervation. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)

The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.

Left bronchial arteries arise from the thoracic aorta, the right from the first aortic intercostal or the upper left bronchial artery; they supply the bronchi and the lower trachea.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

The continuation of the femoral artery coursing through the popliteal fossa; it divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.

Blocking of a blood vessel in the SKULL by an EMBOLUS which can be a blood clot (THROMBUS) or other undissolved material in the blood stream. Most emboli are of cardiac origin and are associated with HEART DISEASES. Other non-cardiac sources of emboli are usually associated with VASCULAR DISEASES.

Four CSF-filled (see CEREBROSPINAL FLUID) cavities within the cerebral hemispheres (LATERAL VENTRICLES), in the midline (THIRD VENTRICLE) and within the PONS and MEDULLA OBLONGATA (FOURTH VENTRICLE).

The larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial artery, beginning about one centimeter distal to the bend of the elbow. Like the RADIAL ARTERY, its branches may be divided into three groups corresponding to their locations in the forearm, wrist, and hand.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.

A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.

Any operation on the cranium or incision into the cranium. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Delivery of drugs into an artery.

A proteolytic enzyme in the serine protease family found in many tissues which converts PLASMINOGEN to FIBRINOLYSIN. It has fibrin-binding activity and is immunologically different from UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR. The primary sequence, composed of 527 amino acids, is identical in both the naturally occurring and synthetic proteases.

A reduction in brain oxygen supply due to ANOXEMIA (a reduced amount of oxygen being carried in the blood by HEMOGLOBIN), or to a restriction of the blood supply to the brain, or both. Severe hypoxia is referred to as anoxia, and is a relatively common cause of injury to the central nervous system. Prolonged brain anoxia may lead to BRAIN DEATH or a PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE. Histologically, this condition is characterized by neuronal loss which is most prominent in the HIPPOCAMPUS; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; CEREBELLUM; and inferior olives.

A branch arising from the internal iliac artery in females, that supplies blood to the uterus.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.

A strain of Rattus norvegicus with elevated blood pressure used as a model for studying hypertension and stroke.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect.

Radiography of the vascular system of the heart muscle after injection of a contrast medium.

Damages to the CAROTID ARTERIES caused either by blunt force or penetrating trauma, such as CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; THORACIC INJURIES; and NECK INJURIES. Damaged carotid arteries can lead to CAROTID ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; pseudoaneurysm formation; and INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION. (From Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1997, 18:251; J Trauma 1994, 37:473)

Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes.

Arteries which supply the dura mater.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part.

Fibrinolysin or agents that convert plasminogen to FIBRINOLYSIN.

The recording of muscular movements. The apparatus is called a myograph, the record or tracing, a myogram. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A heterogeneous group of sporadic or familial disorders characterized by AMYLOID deposits in the walls of small and medium sized blood vessels of CEREBRAL CORTEX and MENINGES. Clinical features include multiple, small lobar CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; cerebral ischemia (BRAIN ISCHEMIA); and CEREBRAL INFARCTION. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is unrelated to generalized AMYLOIDOSIS. Amyloidogenic peptides in this condition are nearly always the same ones found in ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (from Kumar: Robbins and Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed., 2005)

Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with the superposition of flow information as colors on a gray scale in a real-time image. This type of ultrasonography is well-suited to identifying the location of high-velocity flow (such as in a stenosis) or of mapping the extent of flow in a certain region.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Derived from TELENCEPHALON, cerebrum is composed of a right and a left hemisphere. Each contains an outer cerebral cortex and a subcortical basal ganglia. The cerebrum includes all parts within the skull except the MEDULLA OBLONGATA, the PONS, and the CEREBELLUM. Cerebral functions include sensorimotor, emotional, and intellectual activities.

The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.

Maintenance of blood flow to an organ despite obstruction of a principal vessel. Blood flow is maintained through small vessels.

Use of reflected ultrasound in the diagnosis of intracranial pathologic processes.

Clinical manifestation consisting of a deficiency of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.

The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.

Hand-held tools or implements used by health professionals for the performance of surgical tasks.

Use of infusions of FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS to destroy or dissolve thrombi in blood vessels or bypass grafts.

A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

A genus of the subfamily CERCOPITHECINAE, family CERCOPITHECIDAE, consisting of five named species: PAPIO URSINUS (chacma baboon), PAPIO CYNOCEPHALUS (yellow baboon), PAPIO PAPIO (western baboon), PAPIO ANUBIS (or olive baboon), and PAPIO HAMADRYAS (hamadryas baboon). Members of the Papio genus inhabit open woodland, savannahs, grassland, and rocky hill country. Some authors consider MANDRILLUS a subgenus of Papio.

A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.

Use of a balloon catheter for dilation of an occluded artery. It is used in treatment of arterial occlusive diseases, including renal artery stenosis and arterial occlusions in the leg. For the specific technique of BALLOON DILATION in coronary arteries, ANGIOPLASTY, BALLOON, CORONARY is available.

A noninvasive technique that uses the differential absorption properties of hemoglobin and myoglobin to evaluate tissue oxygenation and indirectly can measure regional hemodynamics and blood flow. Near-infrared light (NIR) can propagate through tissues and at particular wavelengths is differentially absorbed by oxygenated vs. deoxygenated forms of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Illumination of intact tissue with NIR allows qualitative assessment of changes in the tissue concentration of these molecules. The analysis is also used to determine body composition.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The continuation of the subclavian artery; it distributes over the upper limb, axilla, chest and shoulder.

The splitting of the vessel wall in one or both (left and right) internal carotid arteries (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL). Interstitial hemorrhage into the media of the vessel wall can lead to occlusion of the internal carotid artery and aneurysm formation.

An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.

A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.

Tomography using radioactive emissions from injected RADIONUCLIDES and computer ALGORITHMS to reconstruct an image.

A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.

Volume of circulating BLOOD. It is the sum of the PLASMA VOLUME and ERYTHROCYTE VOLUME.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

The excision of the thickened, atheromatous tunica intima of a carotid artery.

The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.

A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.

An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES.

Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.

Sudden ISCHEMIA in the RETINA due to blocked blood flow through the CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY or its branches leading to sudden complete or partial loss of vision, respectively, in the eye.

The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries.

Abnormally low BODY TEMPERATURE that is intentionally induced in warm-blooded animals by artificial means. In humans, mild or moderate hypothermia has been used to reduce tissue damages, particularly after cardiac or spinal cord injuries and during subsequent surgeries.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Endogenously-synthesized compounds that influence biological processes not otherwise classified under ENZYMES; HORMONES or HORMONE ANTAGONISTS.

Localized or diffuse reduction in blood flow through the vertebrobasilar arterial system, which supplies the BRAIN STEM; CEREBELLUM; OCCIPITAL LOBE; medial TEMPORAL LOBE; and THALAMUS. Characteristic clinical features include SYNCOPE; lightheadedness; visual disturbances; and VERTIGO. BRAIN STEM INFARCTIONS or other BRAIN INFARCTION may be associated.

Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.

The degree to which BLOOD VESSELS are not blocked or obstructed.

Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.

An amphetamine analog that is rapidly taken up by the lungs and from there redistributed primarily to the brain and liver. It is used in brain radionuclide scanning with I-123.

The pressure that would be exerted by one component of a mixture of gases if it were present alone in a container. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections or echoes of ultrasonic pulses directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6)

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

A diagnostic technique that incorporates the measurement of molecular diffusion (such as water or metabolites) for tissue assessment by MRI. The degree of molecular movement can be measured by changes of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with time, as reflected by tissue microstructure. Diffusion MRI has been used to study BRAIN ISCHEMIA and tumor response to treatment.

A strain of Rattus norvegicus used as a normotensive control for the spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR).

Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.

Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with velocity detection combined with range discrimination. Short bursts of ultrasound are transmitted at regular intervals and the echoes are demodulated as they return.

Loss of endothelium and receptor-mediated dilation in pial arterioles of rats fed a short-term high salt diet. (1/2638)

A high salt diet often is regarded as an accessory risk factor in hypertension, coincidental to the deleterious effect of high blood pressure on vasodilator function. The aim of this study was to determine whether short-term ingestion of a high salt diet per se impairs vasodilator function in the cerebral circulation independent of blood pressure changes. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a normal salt (0.8%) or high salt (4%) diet for 3 days. Mean arterial pressures were similar in the normal and high salt groups (123+/-2 and 125+/-2 mm Hg, respectively). Subsequently, the responses of the in situ pial arterioles to acetylcholine, iloprost, and sodium nitroprusside were determined in cranial windows using intravital videomicroscopy. Pial arterioles of rats fed normal and high salt diets showed similar resting diameters of 69+/-2 and 72+/-3 microm, respectively, but their reactivity patterns to vasodilator stimuli were markedly different. Arterioles of rats fed a normal salt diet dilated progressively up to 17+/-3% in response to the endothelium-dependent agent acetylcholine (10(-9) to 10(-6) mol/L) and dilated by 22+/-2% in response to the prostaglandin I2 receptor agonist iloprost (3x10(-11) mol/L). In contrast, pial arterioles of rats fed a high salt diet constricted by 4+/-3% and 8+/-2% in response to acetylcholine and iloprost, respectively. Sodium nitroprusside (10(-6) mol/L), a nitric oxide donor, dilated pial arterioles of rats fed low and high salt diets by a similar amount (19+/-3% and 16+/-2%, respectively), suggesting that signaling mechanisms for dilation distal to the vascular smooth muscle membrane were intact after high salt intake. These results provide the first evidence that the short-term ingestion of a high salt diet may severely impair the vasodilator function of the in situ cerebral microcirculation independent of blood pressure elevation. (+info)

The trigeminovascular system in humans: pathophysiologic implications for primary headache syndromes of the neural influences on the cerebral circulation. (2/2638)

Primary headache syndromes, such as cluster headache and migraine, are widely described as vascular headaches, although considerable clinical evidence suggests that both are primarily driven from the brain. The shared anatomical and physiologic substrate for both of these clinical problems is the neural innervation of the cranial circulation. Functional imaging with positron emission tomography has shed light on the genesis of both syndromes, documenting activation in the midbrain and pons in migraine and in the hypothalamic gray in cluster headache. These areas are involved in the pain process in a permissive or triggering manner rather than as a response to first-division nociceptive pain impulses. In a positron emission tomography study in cluster headache, however, activation in the region of the major basal arteries was observed. This is likely to result from vasodilation of these vessels during the acute pain attack as opposed to the rest state in cluster headache, and represents the first convincing activation of neural vasodilator mechanisms in humans. The observation of vasodilation was also made in an experimental trigeminal pain study, which concluded that the observed dilation of these vessels in trigeminal pain is not inherent to a specific headache syndrome, but rather is a feature of the trigeminal neural innervation of the cranial circulation. Clinical and animal data suggest that the observed vasodilation is, in part, an effect of a trigeminoparasympathetic reflex. The data presented here review these developments in the physiology of the trigeminovascular system, which demand renewed consideration of the neural influences at work in many primary headaches and, thus, further consideration of the physiology of the neural innervation of the cranial circulation. We take the view that the known physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms of the systems involved dictate that these disorders should be collectively regarded as neurovascular headaches to emphasize the interaction between nerves and vessels, which is the underlying characteristic of these syndromes. Moreover, the syndromes can be understood only by a detailed study of the cerebrovascular physiologic mechanisms that underpin their expression. (+info)

Transforming growth factor-alpha acting at the epidermal growth factor receptor reduces infarct volume after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. (3/2638)

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is a ligand for the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR), and is more abundant than EGF in the brain. The authors studied whether administration of exogenous TGF-alpha into the brain can protect neurons against ischemia in a model of permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in the rat, and whether any effect of TGF-alpha was mediated by EGFR by administering 4,5-dianilinophthalimide (DAPH), a protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor with high selectivity for EGFR. Rats received either TGF-alpha (10 or 25 ng), DAPH (100 ng), DAPH plus TGF-alpha (25 ng), or vehicle in the ipsilateral first ventricle. Drugs were administered twice: 30 minutes before and 30 minutes after MCA occlusion, and infarct volume was evaluated 24 hours later. Transforming growth factor-alpha at the dose of 25 ng caused a statistically significant reduction of infarct volume (60%) in relation to ischemic rats administered vehicle. This reduction was no longer seen when TGF-alpha was administered in combination with DAPH. The present results show that TGF-alpha can protect neurons from ischemic damage, and that this effect is mediated by EGFR. It is suggested that activation of EGFR-mediated intracellular signalling pathways contributes to the survival of neural cells susceptible to ischemic injury. (+info)

Role of iNOS in the vasodilator responses induced by L-arginine in the middle cerebral artery from normotensive and hypertensive rats. (4/2638)

1. The substrate of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.01 microM - 1 mM), induced endothelium-independent relaxations in segments of middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and hypertensive rats (SHR) precontracted with prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha). These relaxations were higher in SHR than WKY arteries. 2. L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and 2-amine-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-tiazine (AMT), unspecific and inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitors, respectively, reduced those relaxations, specially in SHR. 3. Four- and seven-hours incubation with dexamethasone reduced the relaxations in MCAs from WKY and SHR, respectively. 4. Polymyxin B and calphostin C, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, reduced the L-Arg-induced relaxation. 5. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 7 h incubation) unaltered and inhibited these relaxations in WKY and SHR segments, respectively. LPS antagonized the effect polymyxin B in WKY and potentiated L-Arg-induced relaxations in SHR in the presence of polymyxin B. 6. The contraction induced by PGF2alpha was greater in SHR than WKY arteries. This contraction was potentiated by dexamethasone and polymyxin B although the effect of polymyxin B was higher in SHR segments. LPS reduced that contraction and antagonized dexamethasone- and polymyxin B-induced potentiation, these effects being greater in arteries from SHR. 7. These results suggest that in MCAs: (1) the induction of iNOS participates in the L-Arg relaxation and modulates the contraction to PGF2alpha; (2) that induction is partially mediated by a PKC-dependent mechanism; and (3) the involvement of iNOS in such responses is greater in the hypertensive strain. (+info)

Two similar cases of encephalopathy, possibly a reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: serial findings of magnetic resonance imaging, SPECT and angiography. (5/2638)

Two young women who had encephalopathy that resembled reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome are presented. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of these patients exhibited similar T2-high signal lesions, mostly in the white matter of the posterior hemispheres. Xe-SPECT during the patients' symptomatic period showed hypoperfusion in the corresponding areas, and angiography demonstrated irregular narrowing of the posterior cerebral artery. Clinical manifestations subsided soon after treatment, and the abnormal radiological findings also were almost completely resolved. Thus, we concluded that transient hypoperfusion followed by ischemia and cytotoxic edema might have had a pivotal role in these cases. (+info)

Age and stimulus dependency of visually evoked cerebral blood flow responses. (6/2638)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: During visual stimulation, the increased metabolic demand is coupled with an increase of cerebral blood flow velocity (pCBFV) in the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). Investigation of the visually evoked flow responses (VEFR, expressed as percentage of increase from baseline pCBFV values) was suggested for different conditions of vasoneuronal disorders in the absence of any systematic investigation in healthy subjects. METHODS: We investigated VEFRs from both PCAs to various increasingly complex paradigms (diffuse light, alternating checkerboard patterns, and a color video movie stimulation; 5, 10, 20, and 30-second intervals) in 60 healthy volunteers (mean age, 41.5+/-14.9 years; range, 24 to 80 years; 28 male, 32 female) at different recording sites (P1 versus P2 segments of PCAs). RESULTS: With increasing complexity of stimulation, the VEFRs increased significantly (24.3+/-10.3%, 28.5+/-13.5%, and 43.4+/-10.7%, respectively). Twenty-second stimulation intervals yielded maximal responses (41.5+/-13.2%) compared with 5-, 10-, and 30-second intervals (22.6+/-14.1%, P=0.001; 34.4+/-11.7%, P=0.0042; and 35.5+/-9.9%, P=0.0032, respectively). Significantly higher responses were gained from P2 segments than from P1 segments (42.7+/-7.2% versus 28.2+/-7.1%). Although VEFRs tended to decrease in amplitude with age (mean, 41. 7+/-10.5% [20 to 40 years], 35+/-9.2% [40 to 60 years], and 33.9+/-8.6% [60 to 80 years]); without significant sex-related differences, only the percentage decrement of the pulsatility indices during stimulation were significant (mean, 24+/-10.7% [20 to 40 years], 20+/-7.3% [40 to 60 years], and 13+/-11.2% [60 to 80 years]). CONCLUSIONS: For optimal stimulus conditions for maximum VEFRs, a colored video stimulation of 20-second intervals should be used to combine responses not only from the primary visual projection fields (V1 and V2) but also from temporal lobe areas (V3 through V5) often supplied by the PCA. (+info)

Blockade and reversal of endothelin-induced constriction in pial arteries from human brain. (7/2638)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Substantial evidence now implicates endothelin (ET) in the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular disorders such as the delayed vasospasm associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage and ischemic stroke. We investigated the ET receptor subtypes mediating vasoconstriction in human pial arteries. METHODS: ET receptors on human pial and intracerebral arteries were visualized with the use of autoradiography, and the subtypes mediating vasoconstriction were identified by means of wire myography. RESULTS: ET-1 was more potent than ET-3 as a vasoconstrictor, indicating an ETA-mediated effect. Similarly, the selective ETB agonist sarafotoxin S6c had no effect on contractile action at concentrations up to 30 nmol/L. The nonpeptide ETA receptor antagonist PD156707 (3 to 30 nmol/L) caused a parallel rightward shift of the ET-1-induced response, yielding a pA2 of 9.2. Consistent with these results, PD156707 (30 nmol/L) fully reversed an established constriction in pial arteries induced by 1 nmol/L ET-1, while the selective ETB receptor antagonist BQ788 (1 micromol/L) had little effect. The calcium channel blocker nimodipine (0.3 to 3 micromol/L) significantly attenuated the maximum response to ET-1 in a concentration-dependent manner without changing potency. In agreement with the functional data, specific binding of [125I]PD151242 to ETA receptors was localized to the smooth muscle layer of pial and intracerebral blood vessels. In contrast, little or no [125I]BQ3020 binding to ETB receptors was detected. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate an important role for ETA receptors in ET-1-induced constriction of human pial arteries and suggest that ETA receptor antagonists may provide additional dilatory benefit in cerebrovascular disorders associated with raised ET levels. (+info)

Cerebrovascular alterations in protein kinase C-mediated constriction in stroke-prone rats. (8/2638)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebrovascular pressure-dependent constriction may involve the smooth muscle production of diacylglycerol, which could facilitate constriction by activating protein kinase C (PKC). A dysfunctional PKC system could promote the loss of pressure-dependent constriction. We attempted to determine whether the alterations in pressure-dependent constriction in the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) observed in relation to stroke development in Wistar-Kyoto stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp) were associated with defects in the ability of the arteries to constrict in response to PKC activation. METHODS: MCAs were sampled from SHRsp before and after stroke development and in stroke-resistant Wistar-Kyoto spontaneously hypertensive rats. A pressure myograph was used to test the ability of the arteries to constrict in response to a 100 mm Hg pressure step and subsequently to contract in response to phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate in the presence of nifedipine (3 micromol/L). RESULTS: Pressure-dependent constriction and constriction in response to phorbol dibutyrate in the MCAs were inhibited by PKC inhibitors (staurosporine [40 nmol/L], chelerythrine [12 micromol/L], bisindolylmaleimide [5 micromol/L]), declined with age before stroke development in SHRsp, and were absent after stroke. There was a significant relationship between pressure- and phorbol dibutyrate-induced constriction (r=0.815, P<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Phorbol esters interact with the same activation site as diacylglycerol to stimulate PKC. An inability to constrict in response to phorbol dibutyrate may reflect unresponsiveness to diacylglycerol and may contribute to the loss of pressure-dependent constriction associated with stroke in the MCAs of SHRsp. The loss of this autoregulatory function before stroke could increase the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. (+info)

This causes death by respiratory failure leading to cerebral anoxia. No antidote is known, but if breathing can be kept going ... The blood vessels consist of arteries, capillaries and veins and are lined with a cellular endothelium which is quite unlike ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopoda

The heart of the blue whale is the largest of any animal,[38] and the walls of the arteries in the heart have been described as ... Hof, Patrick R.; Van Der Gucht, Estel (2007). "Structure of the cerebral cortex of the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale

"Edinburgh Artery Study: prevalence of asymptomatic and symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the general population". Int ... It is classically associated with early-stage peripheral artery disease, and can progress to critical limb ischemia unless ... testing is often performed to confirm the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease. ... resonance angiography and duplex ultrasonography appear to be slightly more cost-effective in diagnosing peripheral artery ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_claudication

"Mitochondria control functional CaV1.2 expression in smooth muscle cells of cerebral arteries". Circulation Research. 107 (5): ... In the arteries of the brain, high levels of calcium in mitochondria elevates activity of nuclear factor kappa B NF-κB and ... "Effects of the CACNA1C risk allele for bipolar disorder on cerebral gray matter volume in healthy individuals". The American ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cav1.2

Instead of using the cerebral cortex like mammals, birds use the mediorostral HVC for cognition.[74] Not only have parrots ... a different arrangement of the carotid arteries, a gall bladder, differences in the skull bones, and lack the Dyck texture ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psittaciformes

... are associated with atheroma formation in the walls of arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which is the principal ... cancer and cerebral hemorrhage. Generally, the low cholesterol levels seem to be a consequence of an underlying illness, rather ... particles are strongly associated with the presence of atheromatous disease within the arteries. For this reason, LDL is ... of functional HDL are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease because these promote atheroma development in arteries ( ...

https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/කොලෙස්ටරෝල්

Ayotte, J. (2000). "Patterns of music agnosia associated with middle cerebral artery infarcts". Brain. 123 (9): 1926-38. doi: ... Many of the cases of music agnosia have resulted from surgery involving the middle cerebral artery. Patient studies have ... Halpern, Andrea R. (2006). "Cerebral Substrates of Musical Imagery". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 930 (1): 179- ... With more difficult rhythms such as a 1:2.5, more areas in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum are involved.[14] EEG recordings ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_neuroscience_of_music

Aneurysm in a cerebral artery,. one cause of hypoxic anoxic injury (HAI). ... diffuse cerebral hypoxia (DCH), focal cerebral ischemia, cerebral infarction, and global cerebral ischemia. Prolonged hypoxia ... Cerebral infarction - A "stroke", caused by complete oxygen deprivation due to an interference in cerebral blood flow which ... increased density in a cerebral artery". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 149 (3): 583-6. doi:10.2214/ajr.149.3.583. PMID 3497548.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_hypoxia

... of the carotid arteries. These arteries are the large blood vessels in your neck that feed your brain. Transcranial Doppler ( ... In the elderly population, amyloid angiopathy is associated with cerebral infarcts as well as hemorrhage in superficial ... Cerebral amyloid angiopathy Intracranial neoplasm Coagulopathy Hemorrhagic transformation of an ischemic infarct Cerebral ... cerebral venous sinus thrombosis). Nonpenetrating and penetrating cranial trauma can also be common causes of intracerebral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraparenchymal_hemorrhage

The vertebral arteries arise from the subclavian arteries. The anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebral ... The anterior cerebral artery forms the anterolateral portion of the circle of Willis, while the middle cerebral artery does not ... Posterior communicating artery (left and right). The middle cerebral arteries, supplying the brain, are not considered part of ... The right and left posterior cerebral arteries arise from the basilar artery, which is formed by the left and right vertebral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_of_Willis

APS provokes blood clots (thrombosis) in both arteries and veins as well as pregnancy-related complications such as miscarriage ... "Thrombosis, abortion, cerebral disease, and the lupus anticoagulant". Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.). 287 (6399): 1088-9. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiphospholipid_syndrome

মস্তিষ্ক গোলার্ধ (Cerebral hemisphere). *আন্তর মস্তিষ্ক (Diencephalon). *মস্তিষ্ককাণ্ড (Brain stem) *মধ্যমস্তিষ্ক ( ... ধমনী (Artery). *শিরা (Vein). *কৈশিকনালী (Capillary). *লোহিত রক্তকণিকা (Red blood cell). *অণুচক্রিকা (Platelet) ...

https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/নিতম্বাস্থি

Bilateral renal artery stenosis should always be considered as a differential diagnosis for the presentation of HN. Kidney ... This leads to a build-up of plaques and they can be deposited in the renal arteries causing stenosis and ischemic kidney ... Also, luminal narrowing or the arteries and arterioles of the kidney system. However, this type of procedure is likely to be ... The large renal arteries exhibit intimal thickening, medial hypertrophy, duplication of the elastic layer. The changes in small ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensive_nephropathy

Cerebral Cortex, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2012, pp372-380. Slotnick, S. D., Thompson, W. L., and Kosslyn, S. M., Visual memory and ... assess the effects of a guided imagery audiotape intervention on psychological outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery ... Kosslyn, S. M., Seeing and imagining in the cerebral hemispheres-A computational approach. Psychological Review, Vol. 94, No. 2 ... Kosslyn, S. M. (1987). Seeing and imagining in the cerebral hemispheres-A computational approach. Psychological Review, Vol. 94 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_therapy

"Motor, cognitive, and affective areas of the cerebral cortex influence the adrenal medulla". Proceedings of the National ... Artery. superior suprarenal artery, middle suprarenal artery, Inferior suprarenal artery. Vein. suprarenal veins. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_medulla

... and cerebral palsy. Recently the U.S. Public Health Service reported that if all pregnant women in the United States stopped ... any affliction related to the heart but most commonly the thickening of arteries due to excess fat build-up). Studies indicate ... weight babies face an increased risk of serious health problems as newborns have chronic lifelong disabilities such as cerebral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_and_pregnancy

... and EDHF in cerebral arteries". Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 289 (3): H1077-83. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01046.2004. PMID ... including mesenteric and tail arteries from rats as well as genital arteries from rabbits. These findings together suggest that ... Although Nitric Oxide (NO) is recognized as the primary factor at level of arteries, increased evidence for the role of another ... In some arteries, eicosanoids and K+ ions may themselves initiate a conducted endothelial hyperpolarization, thus suggesting ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelium-derived_hyperpolarizing_factor

5. brain (cerebral ganglia). 6. prothorax. 7. dorsal blood vessel. 8. tracheal tubes (trunk with spiracle). 9. mesothorax. 10. ... The insect circulatory system has no veins or arteries. The 'blood' is called haemolymph, and moves around in the space called ...

https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insects

"Neuroprotective effect of Acorus calamus against middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced ischaemia in rat". Hum Exp Toxicol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorus_americanus

2007). "Donepezil for cognitive decline following coronary artery bypass surgery: a pilot randomized controlled trial". ... particularly in the cerebral cortex and other areas of the brain.[18][19] It is noted that the hippocampal formation plays an ... coronary artery bypass surgery cognitive impairment,[32] cognitive impairment associated with multiple sclerosis, CADASIL ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donepezil

Coronary artery angioscopy, which first was used to reveal the presence of a blood clot in the coronary arteries of patients ... In this technique, a flexible fiberoptic catheter inserted directly into an artery.[1] It can be helpful in diagnosing e.g. ... Forrester JS, Litvack F, Grundfest W, Hickey A (1987). "A perspective of coronary disease seen through the arteries of living ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angioscopy

... baik yang bersifat intrakranial seperti moderate middle cerebral artery stenosis, ekstrakranial seperti vertebral artery origin ... impaired cerebral autoregulation dan perubahan protrombotik dipercaya merupakan penyebab cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). ... Cryptogenic cerebral infarction (CCI)[sunting , sunting sumber]. CCI paling banyak ditemukan dalam penderita patent foramen ... Sistem TOAST membagi stroke menjadi 5 subtipe yaitu,[11][12] large artery atherosclerosis (LAAS), cardiaoembolic infarct (CEI ...

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke

The morphology for heat exchange occurs via cerebral arteries and the ophthalmic rete, a network of arteries originating from ... The interatrial artery of the ostrich is small in size and exclusively supplies blood to only part of the left auricle and ... The coronary arteries start in the right and left aortic sinus and provide blood to the heart muscle in a similar fashion to ... The blood supply by the coronary arteries are fashioned starting as a large branch over the surface of the heart. It then moves ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_ostrich

... including cerebral Autoregulation and Cerebral Compliance).. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography[edit]. The TCD measures the ... Ophthalmic artery (OA) - a unique vessel with intracranial and extracranial segments is used as pressure sensor and as a ... Cerebral ventricle[edit]. Michaeli [7] proposed that ICP be inferred from the magnitude and shape of pulsations of the third ... At the pressure balance point, where pressure in the cuff equals systolic artery pressure, a 'whooshing' noise can be heard as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-invasive_intracranial_pressure_measurement_methods

Coronary artery vasospasm. *Raynaud's phenomenon, a vasospastic disorder. *Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome ... This can lead to tissue ischemia and tissue death (necrosis). Cerebral vasospasm may arise in the context of subarachnoid ... Symptomatic vasospasm or delayed cerebral ischemia is a major contributor to post-operative stroke and death especially after ... L-type calcium channel blockers can induce dilation of the coronary arteries while also decreasing the heart's demand for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasospasm

Cerebral infarction. *Coronary artery disease. E. *Endocarditis. H. *Heart block. M. *Myocardial infarction ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Heart_disease

Some examples of neurological damage include hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebral vascular accident/cerebral infarction, ... leading to pathologic changes in the small arteries of the kidney. Affected arteries develop endothelial dysfunction and ... is a manifestation of the dysfunction of cerebral autoregulation.[7] Cerebral autoregulation is the ability of the blood ... On the other hand, sudden or rapid rises in blood pressure may cause hyperperfusion and increased cerebral blood flow, causing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensive_emergency

Cerebral contusionEdit. Main article: Cerebral contusion. Cerebral contusion is bruising of the brain tissue. The piamater is ... It may result from laceration of an artery, most commonly the middle meningeal artery. This is a very dangerous type of injury ... Main article: cerebral hemorrhage. Intra-axial hemorrhage is bleeding within the brain itself, or cerebral hemorrhage. This ... Temperoparietal locus (most likely) - Middle meningeal artery Frontal locus - anterior ethmoidal artery Occipital locus - ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_trauma

The brain can regulate blood flow over a range of blood pressure values by vasoconstriction and vasodilation of the arteries.[ ... "Altitude Illness - Cerebral Syndromes". eMedicine Specialties , Emergency Medicine , Environmental.. *^ Alberts, Bruce (2002 ... When the arterial blood pressure rises the arterioles are stimulated to dilate making it easier for blood to leave the arteries ... Low pressure in the arteries, causes the opposite reflex of constriction of the arterioles, and a speeding up of the heart rate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_homeostasis

In the brain, these include the A9 dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, astrocytes in the cerebral cortex and ... Padmanaban, P.; Toora, B. (2011). "Hemoglobin: Emerging marker in stable coronary artery disease". Chronicles of Young ... A recent study done in Pondicherry, India, shows its importance in coronary artery disease.[83] ... "Simultaneous measurements of cerebral oxygenation changes during brain activation by near-infrared spectroscopy and functional ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin_deficiency

Robotic Outcome Assessment in a Non-Human Primate Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke Olesovsky, Shelby (2016-05-30) ...

https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/jspui/handle/1974/290/browse?value=Translational+Research&type=subject

Use of Middle Cerebral Artery Visualization with Coronal Computed Tomography to Access Target Artery in Mechanical Thrombectomy ... Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction complicated with brain infarction immediately after carotid artery stenting. Higashi E, ... Improvement and Aggravation of Spontaneous Unruptured Vertebral Artery Dissection. Shibahara T, Yasaka M, Wakugawa Y, Maeda K, ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=search&term=Uwatoko+T%5Bau%5D&dispmax=50

Middle cerebral artery aneurysms: a single-center series comparing endovascular and surgical treatment. OM Diaz, L Rangel- ... Cerebral pressure autoregulation in traumatic brain injury. L Rangel-Castilla, J Gasco, HJW Nauta, DDO Okonkwo, CS Robertson ... Cerebral hemodynamic effects of acute hyperoxia and hyperventilation after severe traumatic brain injury. L Rangel-Castilla, LR ... Indications and results of direct cerebral revascularization in the modern era. MYS Kalani, L Rangel-Castilla, W Ramey, P ...

https://scholar.google.ca/citations?user=ZYzHINsAAAAJ&hl=en&oe=ASCII

Modified middle cerebral artery occlusion model provides detailed intraoperative cerebral blood flow registration and improves ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Person/85420/Network/CoAuthors/Person/159299

2014) Post-insult valproate treatment potentially improved functional recovery in patients with acute middle cerebral artery ...

https://neurotree.org/neurotree/peopleinfo.php?pid=49384

... spidery blood vessels represent an effort by the girls body to compensate for the pinched section of her major cerebral artery ... The pulsing artery comes into view. Rare as moyamoya is, Smith operates on a child with the disease about once a week. And, ... Once the artery is in contact with the brain, it will start putting down new blood vessels, like roots from a tree. ... He leaves two small holes so the rerouted artery can dive under Maribels skull and exit on the other side. Finally, the soft ...

https://www.kuer.org/2012-12-10/as-childhood-strokes-increase-surgeons-aim-to-reduce-risks

I learned cautiously and carefully bits of the digital technology to layer my x-rayed cerebral arteries into self-portraits. I ...

https://persimmontree.org/spring-2016/travel-agent/

One at the junction of the left middle cerebral artery to the circle of Willis and the other along the basilar artery. You need ... You have two aneurysms in your brain (a balloon-like weakness in the wall of an artery). ...

https://www.blessitt.com/arthur-a-pilgrim-chapter-37/?add-to-cart=2994

Yet one, like a pointed flame subtle, like lotus-fiber, shines the Sun-like cerebral artery - (passing through it) penetrates ( ... Through the Sun and seventy two thousand arteries, breaks through the head and remains as bringer of blessings to all - ...

https://www.celextel.org/upanishads-krishna-yajur-veda/brahma-vidya-upanishad/

The patient, a 57-year-old right-handed man, sustained his first cerebral vascular accident in the right middle cerebral artery ... This is one of those head-scratchers that make you wonder what role "the middle cerebral artery region" plays in sexuality. I ... to manage his successful practice until he sustained the second cerebral vascular accident in the left middle cerebral artery ... it is likely that an organic process within the left middle cerebral artery region is the cause of his altered sexual ...

https://www.wthrockmorton.com/2009/09/23/altered-sexual-orientation-following-dominant-hemisphere-stroke/

Internally the leaves have been used for improved oxygen and blood flow, especially in cerebral veins and arteries for ...

http://www.gardensablaze.com/HerbPeriwinkleMed.htm

atheroma vertebrobasilar, cardiovascular, cerebral arteries, gross, nervous system, vasculature. Albums. *PEIR Pathology / ... GROSS: CARDIOVASCULAR: VASCULATURE: Cerebral arteries, nervous system: Atheroma Vertebrobasilar: 67 yof hypertension diabetes ...

https://peir.path.uab.edu/library/picture.php?/2472/tags/4-gross/9-cardiovascular/21-vasculature/363-nervous_system

... and wherein said non-human animal exhibits a reduced amount of cerebral tissue infarcted following a transient middle cerebral ... artery occlusion compared to an identical non-human animal lacking said DNA sequence. ... said non-human animal exhibits a reduced amount of cerebral tissue infarcted following a transient middle cerebral artery ...

https://www.ideaconnection.com/patents/13328-Transgenic-mice-over-expressing-receptor-for-advanced.html?c=4

Atherosclerotic Intimal, Medial and Adventitial Changes in Human Aorta, Coronary and Cerebral Arteries. Comparative ... Nosebleed Anatomical Basis of Ruptured Cavernous Segment of the Internal Carotid Artery /// Анатомически основи на носовите ...

https://repository.mu-varna.bg/handle/nls/419/browse?locale-attribute=bg

Cerebral Artery Embolism with coil or balloon. *Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA) with a balloon or stents ... Poisson Ratio is reproduced with a maximum error of 5% . The friction coefficient of arteries is of 0.038. The friction is set ... High precision models of the principal vascular structures (Cerebral-Coronary-Hepatic-Renal) were integrated to create EVE. EVE ... The reverse side of the arteries can be observed using the mirror plate.. ...

https://www.brbiomedical.com/endo-vascular-evaluator-eve.php

... similar to what was observed in macrovascular CBF velocity of the middle cerebral artery. This study paves the way for the ... Our aim was to characterize the typical microvascular, cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in an OSA population during ... Obstructive apnea causes periodic changes in cerebral and systemic hemodynamics, which may contribute to the increased risk of ... Keywords: Sleep disorder breathing, Cerebral blood flow, Brain perfusion, Diffuse correlation spectroscopy ...

https://ibecbarcelona.eu/for-researchers/publications/Cerebral+blood+flow/

The Middle Cerebral Artery - Areas of the brain that supply the MCA. March 23, 2021. By Kati Kleber, MSN RN CCRN-K Leave a ... MCA Stroke - What Can Go Wrong with the Middle Cerebral Artery. March 16, 2021. By Kati Kleber, MSN RN CCRN-K Leave a Comment ... The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is an important part of brain function. An RN goes over the areas of the brain that supply the ... The middle cerebral artery (MCA) affects a lot of body functions. Heres an RN to discuss what happens with left MCA strokes. ...

https://www.freshrn.com/blog/

Stent when there is plaque buildup in an artery. 7K views 94% ... Middle cerebral artery aneurysm 1K views HD 06:20 Arterial ...

https://medicalvideos.com/search/videos/artery

A, Arterial (phase 1) image shows an abrupt occlusion of the distal M1 branch of the right middle cerebral artery (arrow) with ... A sophisticated type of artificial intelligence (AI) called deep learning can help rapidly detect blockages in the arteries ...

https://www.qrendiscouts.org/tag/blockages

Gross fixed tissue but good color sectioned middle cerebral artery close-up showing large plaque and occluding thrombus very ...

https://peir.path.uab.edu/library/picture.php?/6669/tags/4-gross/9-cardiovascular/363-nervous_system/439-circle_of_willis/posted-monthly-list-2013-8

... that belong either to intra-arterial anastomoses between the branches of each of the three major cerebral arteries or to their ... Distribution of the vasospastic phenomena reveals as particularly affected the arteries in the diameter range between 25 and 75 ... that belong either to intra-arterial anastomoses between the branches of each of the three major cerebral arteries or to their ... Distribution of the vasospastic phenomena reveals as particularly affected the arteries in the diameter range between 25 and 75 ...

https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/microscopy/vol1/iss1/19/

middle cerebral artery. *middle cerebral vein. *Middle Chinese. *middle class. *middle common room ...

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/middest

middle cerebral artery. *Middle Cerebral Artery and Common Carotid Artery. *Middle Cerebral Artery and Common Carotid Artery ... Middle Cerebral Artery Blood Flow Velocity. *Middle Cerebral Artery Flow Velocity. *Middle Cerebral Artery Mean Blood Flow ... Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion. *Middle Cerebral Artery Puslatility Index. *Middle Cerebral Artery Resistance ...

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/middle+C

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Non-invasive brain stimulation as add-on therapy for subacute post-stroke aphasia: a randomized trial (NORTHSTAR). Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/non-invasive-brain-stimulation-as-add-on-therapy-for-subacute-pos/fingerprints/

Because of their childs headache and cerebral arteries. This approach remains, on the family is subject to considerable ... The most frequently between 6 and video games, increases the risk of coronary arteries. The latter reduces aortic resist- ance ...

https://sugarpinedrivein.com/treatment/analisis-que-hacer-si-tomas-propecia/10/

Probable anterior cerebral artery aneurysm! What Now? July 30, 2019 * The Cruelest Prank I Ever Pulled on My Parents March 18, ... Probable anterior cerebral artery aneurysm! What Now? July 30, 2019 * The Cruelest Prank I Ever Pulled on My Parents March 18, ...

https://thejoyfulchristian.net/blog/2017/11/20/thankful-for-the-thorns/

Watermaze performance after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat: the role of sensorimotor versus memory impairments. ... Bingham, D., Martin, S. J., Macrae, I. M. & Carswell, H. V. O., Jun 2012, In: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 32 ...

https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/?showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&publicationYear=2011&publicationYear=2012&publicationYear=2013&publicationYear=2014&publicationYear=2015&publicationYear=2020&format=&lastName=R&nofollow=true&ordering=title&descending=true&page=7

We describe an unusual pattern of anastomosis associated with isolated severe middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion in Caucasians. (frontiersin.org)
It is classically defined as bilateral occlusion at the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery together with an abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain. (frontiersin.org)
Takeuchi, 1961 )The patho-physiology of moyamoya is thought to involve progression of stenosis or occlusion of the intracranial major arteries including the distal ends of the internal carotid artery as the primary lesion and the formation of the abnormal vascular network secondarily as collateral supply. (frontiersin.org)
There are less frequent reports of moyamoya pattern collateralization associated with middle cerebral artery occlusion in Japanese patients. (frontiersin.org)
We report three patients with isolated middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion associated with moyamoya pattern collateralization in Caucasian patients. (frontiersin.org)
Fifty-five patients with complete middle cerebral artery territory infarction caused by occlusion of either the distal intracranial carotid artery or the proximal middle cerebral artery trunk were studied. (nih.gov)
The purpose of this study is to present our observations on cerebral vasoconstriction in ipsilateral anterior circulation during immediate poststenting angiography in patients with near-total occlusion of the proximal ICA. (ajnr.org)
It occurs more frequently in patients with near-total occlusion and with isolation of the cerebral circulation. (ajnr.org)
The carotid angiogram, performed immediately after coronary angiography at the beginning of cerebral symptoms, reveals total embolic occlusion of the M2 part of the left MCA with TIMI 0 flow (arrow). (ahajournals.org)
3-5 Furthermore, the apposition of thrombus to the embolic material may be an important component of cerebral artery occlusion. (ahajournals.org)
An immediate carotid angiogram to assess cerebral artery occlusion appears to be the best and least time-consuming approach. (ahajournals.org)
Quercetin Might Promote Autophagy in a Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Mediated Ischemia Model: Comments on Fawad-Ali Shah et al. (springer.com)
Hemiplegia vegetativa alterna (ipsilateral Horner's syndrome and contralateral hemihiperhidrosis) following proximal posterior cerebral artery occlusion. (thefreedictionary.com)
Male Wistar rats were subjected to a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 0, 30,60, and 120 min. (thefreedictionary.com)
Occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery brings contralateral weakness, possibly personality changes such as disinhibition or lack of motivation, and sensory changes, with the leg being more often affected than the face or arm. (thefreedictionary.com)
We found that activation of nuclear factor-κB, a transcription factor that coordinates postischemic gene expression, is attenuated in CD36-null mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. (jneurosci.org)
Various murine models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) are widely used in experimental brain research. (jove.com)
Thus, we are investigating the common mechanism of inflammation in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, a stroke model that affects both the brain and eye. (arvojournals.org)
Acute bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1 segment occlusion is, however, rare, but raises significant issues for stroke neurologists and interventional radiologists regarding which lesion should be treated first. (springer.com)
This study provides new insight to the large scale protein changes resulting from transient occlusion of the ophthalmic artery via the MCAO model. (arvojournals.org)
We conducted a chronological and comparative analysis of the levels of the electrogenic Na+/HCO3-cotransporter (eNBC) and Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) on ischemic penumbra, using the rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). (koreamed.org)
The aim of this study was to investigate if hypertension has an effect on vasoconstrictive receptor responses to endothelin 1, sarafotoxin 6c and angiotensin II after stroke by inducing transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats using the wire-myograph. (figshare.com)

Isolated lateral thalamic infarction: the role of posterior cerebral artery disease. (medscape.com)
Confusional states following posterior cerebral artery infarction. (medscape.com)
These arteries supply blood to the medial and superior parts of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, Infarction in the anterior cerebral artery usually results in sensory and motor impairment in the lower body. (fpnotebook.com)
The purpose of this study is to determine if patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction have a better clinical outcome after early decompressive surgery compared to standard medical management. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The Decompressive Craniectomy In MALignant middle cerebral artery infarction (DECIMAL) trial is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open (single blind for the evaluation of the primary outcome measure) controlled study of the efficacy of decompressive craniectomy plus the standard medical therapy as compared with the standard medical therapy alone in patients with a malignant middle cerebral artery infarction. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The aim of the trial is to determine if patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction have a better clinical outcome after early decompressive surgery compared to standard medical therapy alone. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Although the clinical features of space-occupying ischemic stroke are well known, there are limited prospective data on the clinical course of complete middle cerebral artery territory infarction and on the predisposing factors leading to subsequent herniation and brain death. (nih.gov)
The clinical course of patients with complete middle cerebral artery territory infarction, defined by computed tomography and vascular imaging, was evaluated. (nih.gov)
The cerebral thrombosis (obstruction of a cerebral artery by thrombus) or cerebral embolism (obstruction of a cerebral artery by an element coming from another part of the body) leads to an ischemia (reduction of the blood intake), verily a cerebral infarction (death or necrosis of the unirrigated region of the brain). (sciencephoto.com)
Novel Hemicraniectomy Technique for Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction: Technical Note. (bioportfolio.com)
Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DH) is the mainstay of treatment for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMI). (bioportfolio.com)
The relationship between colloid transfusion during surgical decompression hemicraniectomy period and post-operative pneumonia or long-term outcome after space-occupying cerebral infarction: A retrospective study. (bioportfolio.com)
The colloid transfusion during surgical decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) after space-occupying cerebral infarction induced by middle cerebral artery (MCA), is controversial. (bioportfolio.com)
Stereotactic Aspiration of Necrotic Brain Tissue for treating Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction: A Report of 13 consecutive Cases. (bioportfolio.com)
Non-invasive Absolute Intracranial Pressure Measurement in Patients With Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction for Determination of Timing to Descompressive Craniectomy. (bioportfolio.com)
Various movement disorders associated with cerebral infarction have been introduced. (koreamed.org)
However patients with anterior cerebral artery territory infarction presenting with hemichoreoballism have never been reported. (koreamed.org)
We report the case with hemichoreoballism after anterior cerebral artery territory infarction. (koreamed.org)
Background and Purpose Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction(MMI) affects 5-10% of acute ischaemic stroke patients. (bmj.com)
Decompressive hemicraniectomy reduces secondary brain injury related to brain edema and increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMI). (ovid.com)
Spectrum of anterior cerebral artery territory infarction: clinical and MRI findings. (thefreedictionary.com)
Middle cerebral artery infarction in a cancer patient: a fatal case of Trousseau's syndrome. (strokecenter.org)
Takahashi S, Goto G, Fukasawa H, Kawata Y, Uemura K, Suzuki K (1985) Computed tomography of cerebral infarction along the distribution of the basal perforating arteries. (springer.com)

How does cerebral artery (PCA) stroke occur? (medscape.com)
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) stroke is less common than stroke involving the anterior circulation . (medscape.com)
If blood flow is blocked in the anterior cerebral arteries, paralysis or sensory deficits may occur, or even a stroke. (healthline.com)
The middle cerebral artery is often obstructed, or blocked, during a stroke. (healthline.com)
The technique proposed is expected to detect early stage asymptomatic cerebral artery stenosis and help prevent ischemic stroke. (hindawi.com)
Essential components of workup in posterior cerebral artery (PCA) stroke depend on the patient's age, stroke risk factors, and prior medical history. (medscape.com)
There are many reports about the association of coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebral artery stenosis (CAS), which had been proved to induce stroke and cognition decline after the revascularization including coronary bypass surgery (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Furthermore, for the undetermined ischemic stroke patients who had no obvious culprit artery or embolism source, the paroxysmal arrhythmia had long been regarded as the cause. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The prognosis of complete middle cerebral artery territory stroke is very poor and can be estimated by early clinical and neuroradiological data within the first few hours after the onset of symptoms. (nih.gov)
Outcomes of Hypothermia in Addition to Decompressive Hemicraniectomy in Treatment of Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial. (bioportfolio.com)
Space-occupying, malignant middle cerebral artery (M-MCA) infarctions are still one of the most devastating forms of ischemic stroke, with a mortality of up to 80% in untreated patients. (bioportfolio.com)
This is a open label study to assess the safety of autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with a ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory within 90 days from sym. (bioportfolio.com)
Carotid artery stenting (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy are widely performed for the treatment of carotid stenosis to improve cerebral perfusion and prevent stroke recurrence. (ajnr.org)
We report 2 consecutive cases of successful local intra-arterial thrombolysis (LIT) for embolic stroke of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) during diagnostic coronary angiography that resulted in complete neurological recovery. (ahajournals.org)
The MCA is a large artery that arises from the internal carotid artery and is the one that is often blocked or damaged if you have a stroke . (verywellhealth.com)
So a middle cerebral artery blockage or bleed might be referred to as an MCA stroke. (verywellhealth.com)
Strokes that affect the middle cerebral artery on one side of the body can cause weakness ( hemiplegia ) and numbness in the face, and/or arm and/or leg in the side of the body opposite the stroke. (verywellhealth.com)
Because a middle cerebral artery stroke is usually a large stroke, long-term recovery and rehabilitation may take months or even years. (verywellhealth.com)
Each person suffering from a middle cerebral artery stroke has a different recovery time and need for long-term care. (verywellhealth.com)
During the first hours after acute ischemic stroke, the CT usually shows no abnormalities.Therapeutic trials of ischemia in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory involves decision-making when the CT may not show obvious ischemic changes. (neurology.org)
Ocular ischemia is often observed in cases of cerebral stroke and atherosclerosis of the ophthalmic or carotid arteries. (arvojournals.org)
Stroke-like episode involving a cerebral artery in a patient with MELAS. (semanticscholar.org)
We demonstrated an increased contractile response to endothelin 1 and extracellular potassium as well as an increased carbachol-induced dilator response in the middle cerebral arteries from hypertensive rats after stroke. (figshare.com)

Relationship between middle cerebral parent artery asymmetry and middle cerebral artery aneurysm rupture risk factors. (bioportfolio.com)
The aim of the research was to evaluate independent risk factors for the presence of middle cerebral artery aneurysm. (bioportfolio.com)
Digital substraction angiography and 3-D Computerised Angiogram (CT) revealed a saccular aneurysm at bifurcation of azygos anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and other vascular variations such as vertebral artery fenestration and hypoplasia in one anterior cerebral artery. (scirp.org)
In this paper, we report a patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage from a saccular aneurysm on azygos ACA associated with a microaneurysm at the middle cerebral artery bifurcation and a fenestration at the vertebrobasilar junction detected by 3D CT angiography. (scirp.org)
Conventional cerebral angiography showed hypoplasia at the left A1, an azygos ACA with saccular aneurysm at the bifurcation. (scirp.org)
3D CT angiogram demonstrating azygos ACA and aneurysm, another microaneurysm at the middle cerebral artery bifurcation and fenestration at the vertebrobasilar junction on the same image. (scirp.org)
Following proximal and distal control of arteries, dissection of the neck of the aneurysm was performed and a curved clip was applied. (scirp.org)
The surgical team used, for the first time in the region, a trans-carotid approach to treat a very deeply located, highly irregular appearing anterior cerebral artery aneurysm as well as tortuous arteries and a grade III aorta, which usually makes endovascular treatment almost impossible. (thefreedictionary.com)
Object: The investigation of surgical cases of a ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm to identify the risk factors of an intraoperative premature rupture. (ovid.com)
The aneurysm growth model was presented in a companion paper by Kroon and Holzapfel ("A Model for Saccular Cerebral Aneurysm Growth by Collagen Fibre Remodelling," J. Theor. (diva-portal.org)
An instant loss of the media in a region of the artery wall initiates the growth of the saccular aneurysm. (diva-portal.org)
The aneurysm wall is assumed to be a development of the adventitia of the original healthy artery, and collagen is assumed to be the only load-bearing constituent in the adventitia and in the aneurysm wall. (diva-portal.org)
This method is typically used when a large (high-flow) artery is affected or needs to be sacrificed to treat a tumor or aneurysm. (mayfieldclinic.com)
Anomalies, aneurysm and histology of the middle cerebral artery in Nigerian Africans/Anomalias, aneurisma e histologia de la arteria cerebral media en Africanos Nigerianos. (thefreelibrary.com)
She had undergone microsurgical neck clipping for ruptured right middle cerebral artery aneurysm and ventriculo-peritoneal shunting 16 years previously. (nii.ac.jp)
A 51-year-old female with an unruptured aneurysm at the junction of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) and the ophthalmic artery was admitted to our hospital for a preoperative evaluation. (scirp.org)

My carotid arteries were open and didn't show any stenosis. (medhelp.org)
This discussion is related to Vertebral Artery Stenosis . (medhelp.org)
Cerebral artery stenosis is currently diagnosed by transcranial Doppler (TCD), computed tomographic angiography (CTA), or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). (hindawi.com)
This study aims to provide a technique that can simply discriminate between people with normal blood vessels and those with cerebral artery stenosis using photoplethysmography (PPG), which is noninvasive and inexpensive. (hindawi.com)
The extracted features were used to identify normal subjects and those with cerebral artery stenosis using a linear discriminant analysis. (hindawi.com)
Hemodynamic significance of internal carotid or middle cerebral artery stenosis detected on magnetic resonance angiography," Yonsei Medical Journal , vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 1686-1693, 2015. (hindawi.com)
This pattern of collateralization associated with isolated middle cerebral artery stenosis and the natural history of this entity have not been well described. (frontiersin.org)
All cases of middle cerebral artery stenosis associated with a rete pattern of collateralization were included in this series. (frontiersin.org)
There were three cases of middle cerebral artery stenosis associated with a moyamoya pattern of collateralization. (frontiersin.org)
No stenosis was seen in the supraclinoid internal carotid arteries or elsewhere in the intracranial vasculature. (frontiersin.org)
Carotid artery stent placement is widely performed for treatment of carotid stenosis. (ajnr.org)
Hyperperfusion syndrome with hemorrhage after angioplasty for middle cerebral artery stenosis. (biomedsearch.com)
The catheter is inserted percutaneously into the patient's arterial system and is advanced and manipulated to place the dilatation balloon within the stenosis in the artery. (google.com)
Progressive carotid artery stenosis with a novel tRNA phenylalanine mitochondrial DNA mutation. (semanticscholar.org)
Renal artery stenosis could be a sequel to secondary hypertension in children and give rise to serious outcomes. (banglajol.info)
A case of renal artery stenosis in an eight year old boy is presented in this study in whom PTA was performed with successful results. (banglajol.info)

An artery that is formed by a bifurcation of the basilar artery and is divided into three parts supplying part of the thalamus and hypothalamus, the thalamus, cerebral peduncles, and choroid plexuses of the lateral and third ventricles, and the cortex of the temporal and occipital lobes. (dictionary.com)
In general, patients with PCA distribution strokes exhibit less overall chronic disability than do those with anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, or basilar artery infarctions. (medscape.com)
The posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs) are paired vessels, usually arising from the top of the basilar artery and curving laterally, posteriorly, and superiorly around the midbrain. (medscape.com)
After 2 days, the middle cerebral artery, basilar artery, and posterior communicating artery were harvested. (nih.gov)
In the middle cerebral artery and basilar artery from rats with induced SAH, enhanced biphasic responses to ET-1 were observed. (nih.gov)
The posterior cerebral arteries arise from the termination of the basilar artery. (psyweb.com)
The three main arteries are the: Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) Middle cerebral artery (MCA) Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) Both the ACA and MCA originate from the cerebral portion of internal carotid artery, while PCA branches from the intersection of the posterior communicating artery and the anterior portion of the basilar artery. (wikipedia.org)
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We scanned the internal carotid artery, the anterior cerebral artery, the basilar artery, and the middle cerebral artery in 10 subjects with a single 4D and multiple 2D PCMRI acquisitions by use of a 3T system and a 32-channel head coil. (diva-portal.org)
Fractional release of NE per stimulation pulse was more than 5 times greater from the rabbit basilar artery than from the ear artery. (aspetjournals.org)
Thus, while the NE content of the two vessels is quite similar, transmitter release is considerably greater in the basilar artery. (aspetjournals.org)
Since NE accumulation is also much greater in the basilar artery, it seems possible that an active parameter such as NE release or accumulation may be a better index of functional nerve capacity than NE content. (aspetjournals.org)
Previous studies have shown that alpha adrenergic blocking agents do not block the contractile response to nerve stimulation of the basilar artery, but actually increase it. (aspetjournals.org)

We report a similar complication after distal intracranial (middle cerebral artery [MCA] M2 segment) angioplasty. (biomedsearch.com)
The previous attempts to perform cerebral percutaneous transluminal angioplasty have been limited to a small number of dilatations of proximal, extra-cranial vessels, and rare cases of distal intra-cranial vessels. (google.com)
The course, size and distribution of the distal part of the right anterior cerebral artery were normal. (scirp.org)
Unpaired distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA), also known as azygos ACA, is a rare condition in anatomical and angiographic studies. (scirp.org)
The recordings were made from the right middle cerebral artery, slightly distal of the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. (thejns.org)
The MCAs were injected with Congo red dye after adequately ligating the distal one-third of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the proximal one-third of the posterior communicating artery. (thefreelibrary.com)

Arboix A, Arbe G, García-Eroles L, Oliveres M, Parra O, Massons J. Infarctions in the vascular territory of the posterior cerebral artery: clinical features in 232 patients. (medscape.com)
Inspired by organ culture-induced changes in the vascular endothelin (ET) receptor population, we investigated whether such changes occur in cerebral arteries in a rat subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) model. (nih.gov)
An example would be a young individual with neck trauma in whom vascular imaging demonstrates a cervical artery dissection with thrombosis. (medscape.com)
Fear of such strokes thus far has prevented the widespread use of balloon angioplasty in the cerebral vascular system. (google.com)
We found that Ca 2+ -permeable transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels were present and colocalized with NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase 2 (NOX2), a major source of ROS, in the endothelium of cerebral arteries but not in other vascular beds. (sciencemag.org)
Results obtained in this preliminary series show how preoperative noninvasive testing of cerebral perfusion reserve adds to the diagnostic evaluation of patients with widespread vascular disease. (ebscohost.com)
Multi-detector row CT (MDCT) scanners with high spatial and temporal resolutions are now available and are increasingly used for non-invasive assessment of vascular disease, including coronary arteries and coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG). (ebscohost.com)
When the arteries were precontracted (by 3 X 10(-6) M prostaglandin F2 alpha), however, all three agents caused vascular relaxation with an order of effectiveness as follows: histamine = impromidine much much greater than PEA. (aspetjournals.org)
Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that histamine H2 receptors are present in cerebral vascular smooth muscle as identified both in vitro and in situ. (aspetjournals.org)
Does intrathecal midazolam can dampen vascular indices of maternal middle cerebral artery in ladies with severe preeclampsia? (scirp.org)
Multiplanar MRI enabled precise evaluation of involved vascular territories of cerebral infarcts in the basal grey matter region. (springer.com)

Posterior cerebral artery territory infarcts: clinical features, infarct topography, causes and outcome. (medscape.com)
Unenhanced head computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrating a subacute L posterior cerebral artery (PCA) infarct. (medscape.com)
Computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain showing hypodense areas in the right occipital lobe consistent with a recent posterior cerebral artery (PCA) ischemic infarct. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis of deep subcortical infarcts based on atherosclerosis of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is important because this type of infarct is usually more aggressive than typical lacunar infarcts. (nih.gov)
Obstructionor rupture of the left anterior cerebral artery in such cases might result in infarct of the medial surfaces of both cerebral hemispheres. (scirp.org)

Characteristics of posterior cerebral artery aneurysms: an angiographic analysis of 93 aneurysms in 81 patients. (medscape.com)
Common location for cerebral aneurysms. (luc.edu)
In BriefThe authors demonstrated that a greater degree of parent artery asymmetry for middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms is associated with high-risk features. (bioportfolio.com)
Although azygos arteries are rare in healthy population, aneurysms of azygos ASA are not rare due to increased haemodynamic stress. (scirp.org)
Aneurysms and ectasias of saphenous vein grafts are infrequent complications of coronary artery bypass surgery. (ebscohost.com)
In most populations, the MCA is a frequent site for cerebral aneurysms. (thefreelibrary.com)
In a clinical series of 1314 consecutive patients with cerebral aneurysms, from a catchment area in Finland with a population of 870,000, MCAAs were present in 561(43%), (Rinne et al. (thefreelibrary.com)
1995) while amongst the Taiwanese, cerebral aneurysms are located in the distributions of the MCA in about a fifth (19.6%) of patients (Howng et al. (thefreelibrary.com)

We previously found in males that cerebral ischemia upregulates contractile receptors in cerebral arteries, which is associated with lower blood flow. (lu.se)
We investigated whether CD36 participates in the molecular events underlying the inflammatory reaction that accompanies cerebral ischemia and may contribute to the tissue damage. (jneurosci.org)
The infiltration of neutrophils and the glial reaction induced by cerebral ischemia were suppressed. (jneurosci.org)
In contrast to cerebral ischemia, the molecular and cellular inflammatory changes induced by intracerebroventricular injection of interleukin-1β were not attenuated in CD36-null mice. (jneurosci.org)
Study of cellular changes induced by moderate cerebral ischemia achieved through internal carotid artery ligation. (curehunter.com)

The overall aim of this dissertation was to explore cerebral blood flow and intracranial pulsatility using MRI, with respect to measurement, physiological and pathophysiological aspects. (diva-portal.org)
Manually segmented intracranial vessels (internal carotid, middle cerebral, anterior cerebral, posterior cerebral, and basilar arteries) served as ground truth labels. (frontiersin.org)
However, surgical resection is especially challenging when tumors distort the intracranial arteries by compressing or growing around them. (frontiersin.org)
Neurosurgeons utilize intraoperative navigation systems when large tumors have severely distorted the intracranial arteries, as these systems are useful adjuncts for executing nuanced surgical plans, as well as confirming the extent of resection. (frontiersin.org)

The arterial circle and arteries of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
In the brain, oxygenated blood travels through an extensive and central cerebral arterial circle. (healthline.com)
Changes in the velocity of cerebral blood flow and arterial stiffness due to the different exhaled carbon-dioxide concentrations will allow us to conclude how sevoflurane affects these parameters during the course of the narcosis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Background and Purpose -Hemodynamics of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage remain unclear, and the discrepancy between ultrasonographic or angiographic evidence of arterial narrowing and neurological ischemic deficit is still debated. (ahajournals.org)
The dilatation balloon then is inflated under substantial pressure to press the plaque and plaque-laden arterial wall radially outwardly to enlarge the stenosed region of artery. (google.com)
This work focused on assessing the pulsatile waveform of cerebral arterial, venous and CSF flows. (diva-portal.org)
Two-dimensional phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (2D PCMRI) was used to assess the pulsatile waveforms of cerebral arterial, venous and CSF flow. (diva-portal.org)
It is one of the arteries involved in the formation of the arterial circle of Willis at the base of the brain. (scirp.org)
Knowing the basic anatomy and function of this important artery can help you understand the functional anatomy of your brain's arterial system. (verywellhealth.com)
Cross-sectional studies have identified arterial stiffness as an important correlate of cerebral blood flow (CBF) pulsatility, an important predictor of cerebrovascular damage. (wku.edu)

The MCA arises from the internal carotid and continues into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex. (wikipedia.org)
Lateral frontobasal (orbitiofrontal): This artery branches out anteriorly, superiorly and laterally to vascularize the inferior frontal gyrus. (wikipedia.org)
Near the superior frontal gyrus these arteries anastamose with branches from the pericallosal artery of the anterior cerebral artery. (wikipedia.org)
This artery branches once or twice and is relatively invariant across anatomies. (wikipedia.org)
In some cases it branches from the rolandic artery or from the posterior parietal artery. (wikipedia.org)
Branches include lateral lentciulostriate arteries. (luc.edu)
Supplies most of the medial surface of the cerebral cortex (anterior three fourths), frontal pole (via cortical branches), and anterior portions of the corpus callosum. (luc.edu)
Perforating branches (including the recurrent artery of Heubner and Medial Lenticulostriate Arteries) supply the anterior limb of the internal capsule, the inferior portions of head of the caudate and anterior globus pallidus. (luc.edu)
An artery that is one of two terminal branches of the internal carotid artery, divided into two parts and supplying the branches to the thalamus and corpus striatum and to the cortex of the medial parts of the frontal and parietal lobes. (dictionary.com)
An artery that is one of two terminal branches of the internal carotid artery, divided into three parts and supplying the perforating branches to the internal capsule, thalamus, and corpus striatum, the insula and adjacent cortical areas, and a large part of the central cortical convexity. (dictionary.com)
The internal occipital artery divides into calcarine and occipitoparietal branches. (medscape.com)
Are the branches of the middle cerebral artery considered seperate and distinct vessels for the purposes of catheter placement and interventions (ie. (aapc.com)
The anterior cerebral artery originates at the internal carotid and travels at a right angle with penetrating branches supplying blood to various parts of the brain. (healthline.com)
It branches off the internal carotid artery. (healthline.com)
This segment "burrows into" the brain tissue via branches called the lateral lenticulostriate arteries. (healthline.com)
NECROSIS occurring in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY system, including branches such as Heubner's artery. (fpnotebook.com)
The posterior pericallosal artery are also branches of the posterior cerebral arteries. (psyweb.com)
The cerebral arteries describe three main pairs of arteries and their branches, which perfuse the cerebrum of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
PURPOSE Our goal was to analyze the anatomic similarity between the duplicated middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the accessory MCA and their relationship to the early branches of the MCA. (ajnr.org)
The MCA arises from the internal carotid artery as the larger of the two main terminal branches (the other being the anterior cerebral artery ), coursing laterally into the lateral sulcus where it branches to perfuse the cerebral cortex. (radiopaedia.org)
Three groups were obtained: arteries with solely the horizontal segment visible, horizontal and vertical segments visible and horizontal and vertical with intraparenchymal branches visible. (uzh.ch)

Evaluation of fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler indices in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction: A cross-sectional study. (thefreelibrary.com)

The M1 segment perforates the brain with numerous anterolateral central (lateral lenticulostriate) arteries, which irrigate the basal ganglia . (wikipedia.org)
Medial Lenticulostriate Arteries (supply basal ganglia, anterior limb of internal capsule). (luc.edu)
These arteries are responsible for supplying blood to the basal ganglia. (healthline.com)
The anastomotic supply was through a fine network of basal ganglia perforating arteries that gave the pattern of a "puff of smoke" associated with moyamoya disease in two-dimensional (Figure 1 ) and three-dimensional CT angiography (Figure 2 ) and digital subtraction angiography (Figure 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
This MCA segment perforates parts of the brain with numerous small arteries and irrigates the basal ganglia. (verywellhealth.com)
A repeat CT scan showed large gliotic area in left basal ganglia and left frontotemporal periventricular white matter with moderate hydrocephalus and right middle cerebral artery {MCA} was not visualized but left MCA was totally occluded. (pediatriconcall.com)

The P2 segment bifurcates into the posterior temporal artery and the internal occipital artery. (medscape.com)
Infarctions of the posterior cerebral arteries most commonly affect vision ( occipital lobes ) but also may affect memory ( temporal lobes ), smell ( hippocampus ), emotion ( splenium ) and other midbrain and thalamic function. (psyweb.com)
Posterior cerebral artery syndrome is a condition whereby the blood supply from the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is restricted, leading to a reduction of the function of the portions of the brain supplied by that vessel: the occipital lobe, the inferomedial temporal lobe, a large portion of the thalamus, and the upper brainstem and midbrain. (wikipedia.org)
Anterior cerebral arteries run in a rostro-occipital direction with the development of the corpus callosum [11]. (scirp.org)
The middle cerebral arteries supply the majority of the lateral surface of the hemisphere, except the superior portion of the parietal lobe (via the ACA) and the inferior portion of the temporal lobe and occipital lobe (via the PCA ). (radiopaedia.org)
If the STA is too small or unsuitable, another vessel such as the occipital artery may be used. (mayfieldclinic.com)

The aim of the study is to demonstrate that patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarcti. (bioportfolio.com)

The arteries are usually divided into different segments from 1-4 or 5 to denote how far the level of the branch with the lower numbers denoting vessels closer to the source artery. (wikipedia.org)
Even though the arteries branching off these vessels retain some aspect of constancy in terms of size and position, a great amount of variety in topography, position, source and prominence nevertheless exists. (wikipedia.org)
A tonometry device named SphygmoCor is used to assess the pressure wave proceeding in the radial artery, from which the stiffness of the systemic vessels can be concluded. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Most blood flow studies have been involved with large arteries, and thus, very little is known regarding the hemodynamic behavior of small perforating vessels. (ahajournals.org)
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of cerebral vasospasm on perforating vessels using a phantom model of cerebral vasospasm. (ahajournals.org)
METHODS We reviewed stereoscopic angiograms of duplicated MCAs in four patients and accessory MCAs in four patients with reference to the origin, size, and cortical supply of these anomalous vessels, along with the presence of perforating arteries and the recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH). (ajnr.org)
It appears that postsynaptic events in cerebral arteries are atypical, while release of transmitter, including modulation by presynaptic alpha adrenergic receptors is similar to other blood vessels. (aspetjournals.org)
A transcranial ultrasonic method for the recording of murmurs from cerebral vessels is described. (thejns.org)
Common vessels used as a graft are the saphenous vein in the leg or the radial or ulnar arteries in the arm. (mayfieldclinic.com)
To compensate for the narrowing arteries, the brain creates collateral blood vessels in an attempt to deliver oxygen-rich blood to deprived areas of the brain. (mayfieldclinic.com)
The arachnoid membrane was dissected off the cerebral hemispheres for proper visualization and identification of the vessels. (thefreelibrary.com)
He studied vessels on both the sides of the placenta, umbilical artery and umbilical vein. (thefreelibrary.com)
Hypoxia causes various lesions of neurons, glial cells and cerebral blood vessels, depending on its duration and intensity. (curehunter.com)

Doctors search for acute middle cerebral thrombosis - a blood clot in the vessel -because this is a very sound indicator of thromboembolic middle cerebral artery obstruction, blockage of the middle cerebral artery that is caused by a clot or particle that came from somewhere else. (healthline.com)

Subarachnoid hemorrhage enhances endothelin receptor expression and function in rat cerebral arteries. (nih.gov)
Cerebral vasospasm has emerged as one of the most serious threats after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). (ahajournals.org)
Using the new approach the authors have observed musical murmurs of pure tone quality in 15 patients with increased flow velocities in the cerebral arteries after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). (thejns.org)
Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is the most common serious complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage. (edu.au)

Aims and Objective: The aim of this study to evaluate the role of color Doppler velocimetry of the fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) velocity waveforms, systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D), pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) pregnancies in II and III trimesters. (thefreelibrary.com)
Some have measured the S/D, PI, and RI in the umbilical artery and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA). (thefreelibrary.com)

Pink is region supplied by middle cerebral artery. (wikipedia.org)

These penetrating arteries include the thalamogeniculate, splenial (posterior pericallosal artery), and lateral and medial posterior choroidal arteries. (medscape.com)

Both the morphology of the stenotic vessel and hemodynamics of cerebral perfusion change after CAS. (ajnr.org)
Cerebral perfusion reserve testing using fluorine-18-fluoromethane and position emission tomographic brain scanning to define cerebral blood flow abnor- malities was performed in 5 patients being considered for combined coronary and carotid reconstructive surgery. (ebscohost.com)
Continuous Retrograde Cardiac Perfusion Decreases Risk of Reoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. (ebscohost.com)

These arteries fan out over the insula and exit to the cortex via the medial surface of the frontal operculum . (wikipedia.org)
Pre-Rolandic artery (precentral): The artery extends out on the medial surface of the operculum and supplies the posterior parts of the middle and inferior frontal gyri as well as the lower parts of the pre-central gyrus. (wikipedia.org)
Supplies the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres and corpus callosum. (luc.edu)
The anterior cerebral artery supplies most of the superior-medial parietal lobes and portions of the frontal lobes with fresh blood. (healthline.com)
All three arteries send out arteries that perforate brain in the medial central portions prior to branching and bifurcating further. (wikipedia.org)
In 18-mm embryos (40 days) the anterior cerebral artery takes a medial course. (scirp.org)
The unusual fusion of paired post-communicant segments of ACA originates either from the medial branch of the olfactory artery at the initial 16-mm stage of embryogenesis or the persistance of the median artery in the corpus callosum at the 20 - 24 mm stage [2,4]. (scirp.org)

Posterior cerebral artery territory infarcts in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry. (medscape.com)
Capitani E, Laiacona M, Pagani R, Capasso R, Zampetti P, Miceli G. Posterior cerebral artery infarcts and semantic category dissociations: a study of 28 patients. (medscape.com)
Multiplanar magnetic resonance (MR) images of 77 discrete infarcts in the basal grey matter region from 71 patients were reviewed for their distribution and extent, in correlation with the distribution of perforating arteries on cadaver microangiograms. (springer.com)

A: Spectral display of the musical murmurs (lower) and the Doppler signal (upper) in the region where the right internal carotid artery divides into the middle and anterior cerebral arteries. (thejns.org)
We report a case of prolonged seizures and left hemiparesis during and after BTO of the right internal carotid artery. (scirp.org)
In our study, we reduced cerebral blood flow in the experience animal on average by 30%, by right internal carotid artery ligation . (curehunter.com)

The book also gives an insight into the clinical manifestations of carotid and vertebral artery dissection and to the possibilities and limitations of the main diagnostic tools, ultrasound, CT and MR imaging, and angiography. (google.co.uk)

Given the particular anatomy of perforating arteries, characterized by an abrupt decrease in lumen diameter and a right-angle bifurcation from the parent artery, it seems unlikely that those arteries would behave according to the same hemodynamic rules as for end arteries. (ahajournals.org)
Microsurgical anatomy of the middle cerebral artery. (radiopaedia.org)

NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. (fpnotebook.com)
METHODS: Bilateral cerebral angiograms with antero-posterior, lateral and oblique frontal views were obtained in 100 neurological patients aged from 5 to 90 years. (uzh.ch)
Seventeen arteries arose from the lateral wall of the ACA and seven from the superior wall of the A1 segment of the ACA. (uzh.ch)

Other cases include duplication of the MCA at the internal carotid artery (ICA) or an accessory MCA (AccMCA) which arise not from the ICA but as a branch from the anterior cerebral artery. (wikipedia.org)

Recurrent Artery of Heubner (supplies head of caudate and anteroinferior internal capsule). (luc.edu)
INTRODUCTION: Heubner's recurrent artery (RAH) in brain selective catheter angiograms (digital subtraction angiography, DSA) was evaluated. (uzh.ch)

The symptoms that prompted cerebral angiography were ischemic in all cases. (frontiersin.org)

Middle cerebral artery intraplaque hemorrhage: prevalence and clinical relevance. (nih.gov)
Little is known about the composition of middle cerebral artery (MCA) plaques and how they relate to clinical status. (nih.gov)
A large-scale study is necessary to assess the clinical implications of cerebral vasoconstriction after carotid artery stenting. (ajnr.org)
The article discusses the findings from the Coronary Artery Revascularisation in Diabetes (CARDia) clinical trial. (ebscohost.com)
The clinical and radiological spectrum of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. (semanticscholar.org)

The middle cerebral artery ( MCA ) is one of the three major paired arteries that supply blood to the cerebrum . (wikipedia.org)
Ischemic strokes occur when blood cannot flow to cerebral structures. (medscape.com)
The brachial artery is a major blood vessel located in the upper arm and is the main supplier of blood to the arm and hand. (healthline.com)
The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the largest of the three major arteries that channels fresh blood to the brain. (healthline.com)
An ultrasound device called transcranial doppler (TCD) is used to measure the velocity of blood flow within a main artery located inside the skull. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Mean blood flow velocity (MBFV) and pulsatility index (PI) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) are obtained. (clinicaltrials.gov)
SphygmoCor is placed on the left radial artery to obtain data about the central aortic blood pressure, augmentation pressure (AP) and augmentation index normalised to a 75 beat per minute heart rate (Alx75). (clinicaltrials.gov)
Differences in the depth of anesthesia could influence cerebral activity, thereby cerebral metabolism and blood flow. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Blockages of the proximal portion of the vessel produce only minor deficits due to the collateral blood flow from the opposite hemisphere via the posterior communicating artery. (wikipedia.org)
Although this operation significantly reduces mortality and improves functional outcomes, the conventional technique involves a reverse question mark incision starting anterior to the tragus that can injure the scalp's major blood supply, the superficial temporal artery (STA), which increases the risk of postoperative complications. (bioportfolio.com)
Maintaining constant blood flow in the face of fluctuations in blood pressure is a critical autoregulatory feature of cerebral arteries. (sciencemag.org)
The middle cerebral artery (also known as MCA) is the main blood vessel that brings oxygen and nutrients to important areas of your brain. (verywellhealth.com)
The Circle of Willis creates a network of arteries in your brain that allow blood to flow from one side to the other. (verywellhealth.com)
If there is a blockage in one artery near the Circle of Willis, blood can be diverted around the blockage and continue to nourish the brain. (verywellhealth.com)
The middle cerebral artery travels to important structures in your brain, bringing blood and nutrients to these areas. (verywellhealth.com)
The middle cerebral artery is a large artery that travels to various parts of your brain, bringing in blood and nutrients and removing carbon dioxide and waste. (verywellhealth.com)
Cerebral arteries must maintain constant blood flow to the brain even though blood pressure fluctuates constantly. (sciencemag.org)
None of the subjects had dementia, although 18 subjects had impaired blood flow at the beginning of the study, as measured by ultrasounds of the middle cerebral artery , a major life channel in the brain. (thefreedictionary.com)
Systemic artery blood pressure was elevated in β(1)(-/-) mice. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In contrast, pulmonary artery blood pressure was normal in β(1)(-/-) mice. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Middle cerebral artery (MCA) and umbilical artery (UA) Doppler blood flow pulsatility indices (PIs) and MCA peak systolic velocity (PSV) are essential variables for clinically evaluating fetal well-being. (uio.no)
In gestational weeks 30 and 36, we observed a postprandial influence that was apparently specific to fetal cerebral blood flow. (uio.no)
Blood flow testing during normocapnia and following hypercapnia was utilized in these patients to determine the hemodynamic significance of known extracranial carotid artery occlusive lesions. (ebscohost.com)
Clinically the presence of musical murmurs indicated that pathologically increased blood velocities were present in the artery under investigation. (thejns.org)
Cerebral bypass surgery is performed to restore, or 'revascularize,' blood flow to the brain. (mayfieldclinic.com)
The surgery connects a blood vessel from outside the brain to a vessel inside the brain to reroute blood flow around a damaged or blocked artery. (mayfieldclinic.com)
Blood carries nutrients and oxygen to the brain through four main arteries: the right and left carotid arteries and the right and left vertebral arteries. (mayfieldclinic.com)
In a cerebral artery bypass, the surgeon reroutes blood flow around a blocked or damaged artery to improve or restore blood flow to an oxygen-deprived (ischemic) area of the brain. (mayfieldclinic.com)
The graft is connected above and below the blocked artery so that blood flow is rerouted (bypassed) through the graft. (mayfieldclinic.com)
The scalp artery now supplies blood to the brain and bypasses the blocked or damaged vessel. (mayfieldclinic.com)
This method is typically used when a smaller (low-flow) artery has narrowed and is incapable of delivering enough blood to the brain. (mayfieldclinic.com)
The superficial temporal artery (STA) normally provides blood to the face and scalp. (mayfieldclinic.com)
The middle cerebral artery (MCA) normally provides blood to the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes of the brain. (mayfieldclinic.com)
Blood flow through the MCA is often reduced when narrowing of the internal carotid artery occurs. (mayfieldclinic.com)
Temporal view transcranial Doppler imaging maternal middle cerebral artery is used to examine blood flow indices namely pulsat i lity index and resistiv e index. (scirp.org)
A silicone filament was inserted through the internal carotid artery until blood flow reduction was confirmed in the middle cerebral artery via laser-doppler. (arvojournals.org)
Suspected mechanisms of seizure were a cerebral blood flow change induced by BTO and neurotoxicity of accumulated contrast medium. (scirp.org)
A multiscale model of cerebral blood flow regulation: K+ mediated neurovascular coupling in capillaries and arteries. (umn.edu)
Neuronal activity leads to increases in local cerebral blood flow (CBF) to allow adequate supply of O2 and nutrients to active neurons. (umn.edu)
Blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAv) may be used as a proxy measure of cerebral blood flow. (portlandpress.com)
Reduced cerebral blood flow beyond the compensatory mechanisms leads to cerebral hypoxia . (curehunter.com)
Resistance Exercise, Carotid Artery Stiffness, and Cerebral Blood Flow" by W. Lefferts, J. Augustine et al. (wku.edu)
Common carotid artery (CCA) beta stiffness (β) and blood flow velocity PI were assessed using Doppler ultrasound. (wku.edu)

A cerebral bypass can be performed in a variety of ways depending on where the blockage has occurred, the underlying condition being treated, and the size of the brain area to be revascularized. (mayfieldclinic.com)

The initial segment of the artery was hypoplastic and plexiform. (scirp.org)
Chuang, Y.-M., Liu, C.-Y., Pan, P.-J. and Lin, C.-P. (2007) Anterior cerebral artery A1 segment hypoplasia may contribute to A1 hypoplasia syndrome. (scirp.org)
segment of the left posterior cerebral artery. (nii.ac.jp)
RESULTS: A total of 24 RAHs were recognised in 20 patients: 7 arose from the A1, 5 from the anterior cerebral artery (ACA)-anterior communicating artery (Acom), 11 from the A2, whereas in 1 case, the segment of origin from the ACA could not be identified. (uzh.ch)
A horizontal segment was visible in 7 arteries, a horizontal followed by a vertical segment without visible intraparenchymal branching pattern was seen in 6 and a horizontal and vertical segment with visible intraparenchymal branching pattern was seen in 11. (uzh.ch)
In five, the artery made a half loop with an inferior-convex curve just before the vertical segment, and in two cases, a full loop was observed. (uzh.ch)

Patients with symptomatic vasospasm, however, often present with neurological signs suggesting involvement of deep-sited areas of the brain supplied by perforating arteries. (ahajournals.org)
Conclusions -The present results show that local cerebral vasospasm induces changes in postvasospastic velocity profile affecting the shear rate and may eventually lead to flow separation. (ahajournals.org)
These alterations of cerebral hemodynamics may account for at least part of the vasospasm symptomatology, especially in the vertebrobasilar system, where vasospasm is commonly focal rather than diffuse. (ahajournals.org)
Furthermore, these changes proved to be affected significantly by manipulations of pressure and viscosity, supporting the use of hyperdynamic therapy in the management of cerebral vasospasm. (ahajournals.org)
Cerebral complications due to diffuse cerebral vasospasm are most common and serious. (scirp.org)
Intrathecal midazolam with its gamma amino butyric action may antidote glutamate mediated sympathetic surge and decreasing cerebral vasospasm. (scirp.org)
Cerebral vasospasm is a corner stone in endothelial failure due sympathetic surge. (scirp.org)
Most fatal complications are due to diffuse cerebral vasospasm [7]. (scirp.org)
Molecular mechanisms involved in development of cerebral vasospasm. (semanticscholar.org)

Outer surface of cerebral hemisphere, showing areas supplied by cerebral arteries. (wikipedia.org)

The thalamus is located deep within the brain in the cerebral cortex, adjacent to the hypothalamus. (healthline.com)
and sensory cortex, which controls sensation from right head, neck, trunk, and arm are also supplied by the middle cerebral artery. (verywellhealth.com)

Morris AW, Carare RO, Schreiber S, Hawkes CA (2014) The cerebrovascular basement membrane: role in the clearance of beta-amyloid and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. (springer.com)
The present study investigates if cerebral arteries from men and women differ in cerebrovascular receptor upregulation. (lu.se)
The middle cerebral artery is the largest of the cerebral arteries and the vessel most commonly affected by a cerebrovascular accident . (thefreedictionary.com)

origin) of Anterior Cerebral Artery produces contralateral sensorimotor deficits mainly involving the lower extremity with sparing of face and hands (think of the humunculus). (luc.edu)
Five RAHs were visible only after contrast injection in the contralateral internal carotid artery. (uzh.ch)

At the base of the brain, the carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries form a circle of communicating arteries known as the Circle of Willis. (verywellhealth.com)

The middle cerebral arteries (top of figure) arise from the internal carotid arteries . (wikipedia.org)
The left and right MCAs rise from trifurcations of the internal carotid arteries and thus are connected to the anterior cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating arteries , which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries . (wikipedia.org)
a narrowing of the internal carotid arteries at the base of the brain that can cause multiple strokes or hemorrhages. (mayfieldclinic.com)

RESULTS The duplicated MCAs supplied the cortical territory of the temporopolar and the anterior temporal and/or middle temporal arteries. (ajnr.org)
The accessory MCAs supplied the cortical territory of the orbitofrontal and/or prefrontal arteries. (ajnr.org)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: 4D PCMRI can be used to quantify pulsatile hemodynamics in multiple cerebral arteries. (diva-portal.org)
The aim of this study was to compare 4D PCMRI and 2D PCMRI for assessments of pulsatile hemodynamics in major cerebral arteries. (diva-portal.org)

However, methods to conduct off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery with a beating heart have decreased the use of CPB. (ebscohost.com)

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ), generated by PLCγ1 in response to pressure, sensitized IP 3 receptors (IP 3 Rs) to Ca 2+ influx mediated by the mechanosensitive TRPC6 channel, synergistically increasing IP 3 R-mediated Ca 2+ release to activate TRPM4 currents, leading to smooth muscle depolarization and constriction of isolated cerebral arteries. (sciencemag.org)
The present study thus investigated the mechanisms underlying sustained myogenic constriction in isolated rat posterior cerebral arteries. (ahajournals.org)
Conclusions PKC isoforms have different roles in the development and maintain of the myogenic constriction in rat posterior cerebral arteries: cPKC (α and/or γ) mediates Ca 2+ sensitization in the initial phase, whereas PKCδ mediates [Ca 2+ ] i elevation via the activation of RuR-resistant cation channels in the sustained phase. (ahajournals.org)
ACh at low concentration (3 x 10(-8) to 3 x 10(-6) M) induced relaxation, and at high concentration (10(-5) to 3 x 10(-3) M) induced constriction of the arteries with endothelial cells. (ahajournals.org)
In contrast, concentration of any magnitude (10(-6) to 3 x 10(-3) M) induced constriction exclusively in arteries without endothelium. (ahajournals.org)

Male-female differences in upregulation of vasoconstrictor responses in human cerebral arteries. (lu.se)

MELAS and reversible vasoconstriction of the major cerebral arteries. (semanticscholar.org)

7 A NO synthase inhibitor, N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester, reduced these relaxations, suggesting that tetrahydrobiopterin may activate NO synthase and increase production of NO. 7 In contrast, our previous study on canine cerebral arteries demonstrated that exogenous tetrahydrobiopterin causes endothelium-dependent contractions, mediated by auto-oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin and subsequent generation of superoxide anions. (ahajournals.org)

Anatomy52

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Chemicals and Drugs36

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Loss of endothelium and receptor-mediated dilation in pial arterioles of rats fed a short-term high salt diet. (1/2638)

The trigeminovascular system in humans: pathophysiologic implications for primary headache syndromes of the neural influences on the cerebral circulation. (2/2638)

Transforming growth factor-alpha acting at the epidermal growth factor receptor reduces infarct volume after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. (3/2638)

Role of iNOS in the vasodilator responses induced by L-arginine in the middle cerebral artery from normotensive and hypertensive rats. (4/2638)

Two similar cases of encephalopathy, possibly a reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: serial findings of magnetic resonance imaging, SPECT and angiography. (5/2638)

Age and stimulus dependency of visually evoked cerebral blood flow responses. (6/2638)

Blockade and reversal of endothelin-induced constriction in pial arteries from human brain. (7/2638)

Cerebrovascular alterations in protein kinase C-mediated constriction in stroke-prone rats. (8/2638)

No images available that match "cerebral arteries"

Cerebral Arteries

Middle Cerebral Artery

Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery

Arteries

Cerebral Infarction

Cerebrovascular Circulation

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Brain Ischemia

Cerebral Angiography

Basilar Artery

Cerebral Arterial Diseases

Carotid Arteries

Pulmonary Artery

Brain

Ischemic Attack, Transient

Arterial Occlusive Diseases

Cerebral Palsy

Mesenteric Arteries

Carotid Artery, Internal

Renal Artery

Femoral Artery

Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial

Vertebral Artery

Infarction, Anterior Cerebral Artery

Intracranial Aneurysm

Blood Flow Velocity

Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis

Temporal Arteries

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Brain Edema

Cerebral Hemorrhage

Circle of Willis

Cerebral Veins

Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Carotid Artery Diseases

Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery

Vasoconstriction

Stroke

Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Coronary Artery Bypass

Cerebrovascular Disorders

Iliac Artery

Cerebral Revascularization

Radial Artery

Reperfusion

Malaria, Cerebral

Disease Models, Animal

Time Factors

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Umbilical Arteries

Neuroprotective Agents

Mammary Arteries

Carotid Artery, Common

Muscle, Smooth, Vascular

Subclavian Artery

Vasodilation

Blood Pressure

Aneurysm, Ruptured

Regional Blood Flow

Brain Infarction

Carotid Artery, External

Ophthalmic Artery

Brachial Artery

Splenic Artery

Treatment Outcome

Vasospasm, Intracranial

Carotid Stenosis

Rats, Wistar

Pia Mater

Coronary Vessels

Hepatic Artery

Carotid Artery Thrombosis

Mesenteric Artery, Superior

Vasodilator Agents

Ultrasonography, Doppler

Constriction

Angiography, Digital Subtraction

Endothelium, Vascular