Cerebellum
The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.
Cerebellar Cortex
Cerebellar Diseases
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Cerebellar Nuclei
Cerebellar Ataxia
Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Neurons
Cerebellar Neoplasms
Primary or metastatic neoplasms of the CEREBELLUM. Tumors in this location frequently present with ATAXIA or signs of INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION due to obstruction of the fourth ventricle. Common primary cerebellar tumors include fibrillary ASTROCYTOMA and cerebellar HEMANGIOBLASTOMA. The cerebellum is a relatively common site for tumor metastases from the lung, breast, and other distant organs. (From Okazaki & Scheithauer, Atlas of Neuropathology, 1988, p86 and p141)
Brain Mapping
Brain Stem
Cerebral Cortex
Olivary Nucleus
Brain Chemistry
Ataxia
Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.
Pons
Tissue Distribution
Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.
Nerve Fibers
Blinking
Medulloblastoma
A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)
S100 Calcium Binding Protein G
A calbindin protein found in many mammalian tissues, including the UTERUS, PLACENTA, BONE, PITUITARY GLAND, and KIDNEYS. In intestinal ENTEROCYTES it mediates intracellular calcium transport from apical to basolateral membranes via calcium binding at two EF-HAND MOTIFS. Expression is regulated in some tissues by VITAMIN D.
Calbindins
In Situ Hybridization
Basal Ganglia
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Neuroglia
The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.
Tomography, Emission-Computed
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Psychomotor Performance
Mesencephalon
The middle of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain. Without further subdivision, midbrain develops into a short, constricted portion connecting the PONS and the DIENCEPHALON. Midbrain contains two major parts, the dorsal TECTUM MESENCEPHALI and the ventral TEGMENTUM MESENCEPHALI, housing components of auditory, visual, and other sensorimoter systems.
Immunohistochemistry
Movement
The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.
Spinocerebellar Degenerations
Organ Specificity
Synapses
Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or axon of another neuron, or a specialized region of a muscle or secretory cell. Neurons may also communicate via direct electrical coupling with ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Several other non-synaptic chemical or electric signal transmitting processes occur via extracellular mediated interactions.
Spinocerebellar Ataxias
A group of dominantly inherited, predominately late-onset, cerebellar ataxias which have been divided into multiple subtypes based on clinical features and genetic mapping. Progressive ataxia is a central feature of these conditions, and in certain subtypes POLYNEUROPATHY; DYSARTHRIA; visual loss; and other disorders may develop. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch65, pp 12-17; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998 Jun;57(6):531-43)
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Functional Laterality
Rats, Wistar
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Mice, Transgenic
Hippocampus
A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.
Dendrites
Central Nervous System
Autoradiography
Cerebrum
Derived from TELENCEPHALON, cerebrum is composed of a right and a left hemisphere. Each contains an outer cerebral cortex and a subcortical basal ganglia. The cerebrum includes all parts within the skull except the MEDULLA OBLONGATA, the PONS, and the CEREBELLUM. Cerebral functions include sensorimotor, emotional, and intellectual activities.
Thalamus
Nerve Net
A meshlike structure composed of interconnecting nerve cells that are separated at the synaptic junction or joined to one another by cytoplasmic processes. In invertebrates, for example, the nerve net allows nerve impulses to spread over a wide area of the net because synapses can pass information in any direction.
Rhombencephalon
The posterior of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of an embryonic brain. It consists of myelencephalon, metencephalon, and isthmus rhombencephali from which develop the major BRAIN STEM components, such as MEDULLA OBLONGATA from the myelencephalon, CEREBELLUM and PONS from the metencephalon, with the expanded cavity forming the FOURTH VENTRICLE.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular
A reflex wherein impulses are conveyed from the cupulas of the SEMICIRCULAR CANALS and from the OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE of the SACCULE AND UTRICLE via the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI of the BRAIN STEM and the median longitudinal fasciculus to the OCULOMOTOR NERVE nuclei. It functions to maintain a stable retinal image during head rotation by generating appropriate compensatory EYE MOVEMENTS.
Metencephalon
Diencephalon
Positron-Emission Tomography
An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and brain. SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY is closely related to positron emission tomography, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower.
Spinocerebellar Tracts
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
Motor Cortex
Area of the FRONTAL LOBE concerned with primary motor control located in the dorsal PRECENTRAL GYRUS immediately anterior to the central sulcus. It is comprised of three areas: the primary motor cortex located on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain; the premotor cortex located anterior to the primary motor cortex; and the supplementary motor area located on the midline surface of the hemisphere anterior to the primary motor cortex.
Muscimol
Neuronal Plasticity
Learning
Gait Ataxia
Impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal ambulation (WALKING) which may result from impairments of motor function or sensory feedback. This condition may be associated with BRAIN DISEASES (including CEREBELLAR DISEASES and BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES); SPINAL CORD DISEASES; or PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES.
Spinal Cord
Atrophy
Astrocytes
A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with MICROGLIA) respond to injury.
Aging
Frontal Lobe
Action Potentials
Receptors, Glutamate
Cell-surface proteins that bind glutamate and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glutamate receptors include ionotropic receptors (AMPA, kainate, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors), which directly control ion channels, and metabotropic receptors which act through second messenger systems. Glutamate receptors are the most common mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. They have also been implicated in the mechanisms of memory and of many diseases.
Models, Neurological
Cats
The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)
Telencephalon
Carbon Radioisotopes
Rats, Inbred Strains
FGF8 induces formation of an ectopic isthmic organizer and isthmocerebellar development via a repressive effect on Otx2 expression. (1/6494)
Beads containing recombinant FGF8 (FGF8-beads) were implanted in the prospective caudal diencephalon or midbrain of chick embryos at stages 9-12. This induced the neuroepithelium rostral and caudal to the FGF8-bead to form two ectopic, mirror-image midbrains. Furthermore, cells in direct contact with the bead formed an outgrowth that protruded laterally from the neural tube. Tissue within such lateral outgrowths developed proximally into isthmic nuclei and distally into a cerebellum-like structure. These morphogenetic effects were apparently due to FGF8-mediated changes in gene expression in the vicinity of the bead, including a repressive effect on Otx2 and an inductive effect on En1, Fgf8 and Wnt1 expression. The ectopic Fgf8 and Wnt1 expression domains formed nearly complete concentric rings around the FGF8-bead, with the Wnt1 ring outermost. These observations suggest that FGF8 induces the formation of a ring-like ectopic signaling center (organizer) in the lateral wall of the brain, similar to the one that normally encircles the neural tube at the isthmic constriction, which is located at the boundary between the prospective midbrain and hindbrain. This ectopic isthmic organizer apparently sends long-range patterning signals both rostrally and caudally, resulting in the development of the two ectopic midbrains. Interestingly, our data suggest that these inductive signals spread readily in a caudal direction, but are inhibited from spreading rostrally across diencephalic neuromere boundaries. These results provide insights into the mechanism by which FGF8 induces an ectopic organizer and suggest that a negative feedback loop between Fgf8 and Otx2 plays a key role in patterning the midbrain and anterior hindbrain. (+info)Somatic recording of GABAergic autoreceptor current in cerebellar stellate and basket cells. (2/6494)
Patch-clamp recordings were performed from stellate and basket cells in rat cerebellar slices. Under somatic voltage clamp, short depolarizing pulses were applied to elicit action potentials in the axon. After the action potential, a bicuculline- and Cd2+-sensitive current transient was observed. A similar response was obtained when eliciting axonal firing by extracellular stimulation. With an isotonic internal Cl- solution, the peak amplitude of this current varied linearly with the holding potential, yielding an extrapolated reversal potential of -20 to 0 mV. Unlike synaptic or autaptic GABAergic currents obtained in the same preparation, the current transient had a slow rise-time and a low variability between trials. This current was blocked when 10 mM BAPTA was included in the recording solution. In some experiments, the current transient elicited axonal action potentials. The current transient was reliably observed in animals aged 12-15 d, with a mean amplitude of 82 pA at -70 mV, but was small and rare in the age group 29-49 d. Numerical simulations could account for all properties of the current transient by assuming that an action potential activates a distributed GABAergic conductance in the axon. The actual conductance is probably restricted to release sites, with an estimated mean presynaptic current response of 10 pA per site (-70 mV, age 12-15 d). We conclude that in developing rats, stellate and basket cell axons have a high density of GABAergic autoreceptors and that a sizable fraction of the corresponding current can be measured from the soma. (+info)Reproducibility studies with 11C-DTBZ, a monoamine vesicular transporter inhibitor in healthy human subjects. (3/6494)
The reproducibility of (+/-)-alpha-[11C] dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ) measures in PET was studied in 10 healthy human subjects, aged 22-76 y. METHODS: The scan-to-scan variation of several measures used in PET data analysis was determined, including the radioactivity ratio (target-to-reference), plasma-input Logan total distribution volume (DV), plasma-input Logan Bmax/Kd and tissue-input Logan Bmax/Kd values. RESULTS: The radioactivity ratios, plasma-input Bmax/Kd and tissue-input Bmax/Kd all have higher reliability than plasma-input total DV values. In addition, measures using the occipital cortex as the reference region have higher reliability than the same measures using the cerebellum as the reference region. CONCLUSION: Our results show that DTBZ is a reliable PET tracer that provides reproducible in vivo measurement of striatal vesicular monoamine transporter density. In the selection of reference regions for DTBZ PET data analysis, caution must be exercised in circumstances when DTBZ binding in the occipital cortex or the cerebellum may be altered. (+info)A genetic approach to visualization of multisynaptic neural pathways using plant lectin transgene. (4/6494)
The wiring patterns among various types of neurons via specific synaptic connections are the basis of functional logic employed by the brain for information processing. This study introduces a powerful method of analyzing the neuronal connectivity patterns by delivering a tracer selectively to specific types of neurons while simultaneously transsynaptically labeling their target neurons. We developed a novel genetic approach introducing cDNA for a plant lectin, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), as a transgene under the control of specific promoter elements. Using this method, we demonstrate three examples of visualization of specific transsynaptic neural pathways: the mouse cerebellar efferent pathways, the mouse olfactory pathways, and the Drosophila visual pathways. This strategy should greatly facilitate studies on the anatomical and functional organization of the developing and mature nervous system. (+info)Control of neuronal precursor proliferation in the cerebellum by Sonic Hedgehog. (5/6494)
Cerebellar granule cells are the most abundant type of neuron in the brain, but the molecular mechanisms that control their generation are incompletely understood. We show that Sonic hedgehog (Shh), which is made by Purkinje cells, regulates the division of granule cell precursors (GCPs). Treatment of GCPs with Shh prevents differentiation and induces a potent, long-lasting proliferative response. This response can be inhibited by basic fibroblast growth factor or by activation of protein kinase A. Blocking Shh function in vivo dramatically reduces GCP proliferation. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of normal growth and tumorigenesis in the cerebellum. (+info)Comparative effects of methylmercury on parallel-fiber and climbing-fiber responses of rat cerebellar slices. (6/6494)
The environmental neurotoxicant methylmercury (MeHg) causes profound disruption of cerebellar function. Previous studies have shown that acute exposure to MeHg impairs synaptic transmission in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. However, the effects of MeHg on cerebellar synaptic function have never been examined. In the present study, effects of acute exposure to MeHg on synaptic transmission between parallel fibers or climbing fibers and Purkinje cells were compared in 300- to 350-microm cerebellar slices by using extracellular and intracellular microelectrode-recording techniques. Field potentials of parallel-fiber volleys (PFVs) and the associated postsynaptic responses (PSRs) were recorded in the molecular layer by stimulating the parallel fibers in transverse cerebellar slices. The climbing-fiber responses were also recorded in the molecular layer by stimulating white matter in sagittal cerebellar slices. At 20, 100, and 500 microM, MeHg reduced the amplitude of both PFVs and the associated PSRs to complete block, however, it blocked PSRs more rapidly than PFVs. MeHg also decreased the amplitudes of climbing-fiber responses to complete block. For all responses, an initial increase in amplitude preceded MeHg-induced suppression. Intracellular recordings of excitatory postsynaptic potentials of Purkinje cells were compared before and after MeHg. At 100 microM and 20 microM, MeHg blocked the Na+-dependent, fast somatic spikes and Ca++-dependent, slow dendritic spike bursts. MeHg also hyperpolarized and then depolarized Purkinje cell membranes, suppressed current conduction from parallel fibers or climbing fibers to dendrites of Purkinje cells, and blocked synaptically activated local responses. MeHg switched the pattern of repetitive firing of Purkinje cells generated spontaneously or by depolarizing current injection at Purkinje cell soma from predominantly Na+-dependent, fast somatic spikes to predominantly Ca++-dependent, low amplitude, slow dendritic spike bursts. Thus, acute exposure to MeHg causes a complex pattern of effects on cerebellar synaptic transmission, with apparent actions on both neuronal excitability and chemical synaptic transmission. (+info)Long term lithium treatment suppresses p53 and Bax expression but increases Bcl-2 expression. A prominent role in neuroprotection against excitotoxicity. (7/6494)
This study was undertaken to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective actions of lithium against glutamate excitotoxicity with a focus on the role of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic genes. Long term, but not acute, treatment of cultured cerebellar granule cells with LiCl induces a concentration-dependent decrease in mRNA and protein levels of proapoptotic p53 and Bax; conversely, mRNA and protein levels of cytoprotective Bcl-2 are remarkably increased. The ratios of Bcl-2/Bax protein levels increase by approximately 5-fold after lithium treatment for 5-7 days. Exposure of cerebellar granule cells to glutamate induces a rapid increase in p53 and Bax mRNA and protein levels with no apparent effect on Bcl-2 expression. Pretreatment with LiCl for 7 days prevents glutamate-induced increase in p53 and Bax expression and maintains Bcl-2 in an elevated state. Glutamate exposure also triggers the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. Lithium pretreatment blocks glutamate-induced cytochrome c release and cleavage of lamin B1, a nuclear substrate for caspase-3. These results strongly suggest that lithium-induced Bcl-2 up-regulation and p53 and Bax down-regulation play a prominent role in neuroprotection against excitotoxicity. Our results further suggest that lithium, in addition to its use in the treatment of bipolar depressive illness, may have an expanded use in the intervention of neurodegeneration. (+info)The type and the localization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulate transmission of cAMP signals to the nucleus in cortical and cerebellar granule cells. (8/6494)
cAMP signals are received and transmitted by multiple isoforms of cAMP-dependent protein kinases, typically determined by their specific regulatory subunits. In the brain the major regulatory isoform RIIbeta and the RII-anchor protein, AKAP150 (rat) or 75 (bovine), are differentially expressed. Cortical neurons express RIIbeta and AKAP75; conversely, granule cerebellar cells express predominantly RIalpha and RIIalpha. Cortical neurons accumulate PKA catalytic subunit and phosphorylated cAMP responsive element binding protein very efficiently into nuclei upon cAMP induction, whereas granule cerebellar cells fail to do so. Down-regulation of RIIbeta synthesis by antisense oligonucleotides inhibited cAMP-induced nuclear signaling in cortical neurons. Expression in cerebellar granule cells of RIIbeta and AKAP75 genes by microinjection of specific expression vectors, markedly stimulated cAMP-induced transcription of the lacZ gene driven by a cAMP-responsive element promoter. These data indicate that the composition of PKA in cortical and granule cells underlies the differential ability of these cells to transmit cAMP signals to the nucleus. (+info)
Decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles | definition of decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles by Medical...
ModelDB: Alcohol excites Cerebellar Golgi Cells by inhibiting the Na+/K+ ATPase (Botta et al.2010)
ModelDB: Alcohol excites Cerebellar Golgi Cells by inhibiting the Na+/K+ ATPase (Botta et al.2010)
Cerebellar granule neuron progenitors are the source of Hk2 in the postnatal cerebellum | Cancer & Metabolism | Full Text
Difference between revisions of Neural - Cerebellum Development - Embryology
AID 349212 - Activity at RYR2 receptor in rat cerebellar granule neurons assessed activation of [45Ca2+] uptake at 20 uM after...
Role of the p75 neurotrophin receptor in the developing cerebellum
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Granule cell development in the cerebellum is punctuated by changes in Sox gene expression. - Semantic Scholar
Cerebellum Development Pathway Bioinformatics: Novus Biologicals
White matter microstructural organization is higher with age in adult superior cerebellar peduncles - Research Portal, Kings...
Cell formation in the cortical layers of the developing human cerebellum<...
The level of sonic hedgehog signaling regulates the complexity of cerebellar foliation | Development
High-resolution tomographic imaging of a human cerebellum: comparison of absorption and grating-based phase contrast | Journal...
Cerebellar Exposure to Cell-Free Hemoglobin Following Preterm Intraventricular Hemorrhage - Lund University
Cerebellar Exposure to Ce… - Göteborgs universitet
Preventing H2O2-induced toxicity in primary cerebellar granule neurons via activating the PI3-K/Akt/GSK3ß pathway by kukoamine...
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated neuroprotection in cerebellar granule cells requires new RNA and protein synthesis | PNAS
Retinotopic maps of visual space in the human cerebellum | Meta
Dynamics of glycolipid domains in the plasma membrane of living cultured neurons, following protein kinase C activation: A...
Cerebellum morphogenesis: the foliation pattern is orchestrated by multi-cellular anchoring centers | Neural Development | Full...
Development and developmental disorders of the human cerebellum
Indmedica - CyberLectures - Vascular Densities and Human Cerebellum
Mitochondrial and plasma membrane potential of cultured cerebellar neurons during glutamate-induced necrosis, apoptosis, and...
Multiple influences on the migration of precerebellar neurons in the caudal medulla | Development
Low Cerebellar Vermis Volumes and Impaired Neuropsychologic Performance in Children Treated for Brain Tumors and Leukemia |...
The human cerebellum with lobules I-X color-coded. Fr | Open-i
Protective Effect of PPARγ Agonists on Cerebellar Tissues Oxidative Damage in Hypothyroid Rats
Early cerebellum injury hinders neural development, possible root of autism
Fluoride Action Network | Effect of fluoride on thyroid function and cerebellar development in mice.
Light and electron microscopic analysis of KChIP and Kv4 localization in rat cerebellar granule cells - Strassle - 2005 -...
Cerebellum synonyms, cerebellum antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Advances in Neural Science, Volume 2 (Advances in Neural by Sudarshan K. Malhotra - QUEEN OF THE Library
Making sense of the cerebellum | Max Planck Neuroscience
abnormal cerebellum development Mammalian Phenotype Term (MP:0000854)
Zing Performance- Secret Cerebellum Development, On-Line Program - via NAMELY LIBERTY
Energetic status of mitochondria in primary cerebellar granule neuronal cultures of rats pre- and postnatally exposured to lead...
Nuclei Of Cerebellum - Kypho
Plus it
Axonal varicosity distributions along parallel fibers: a new angle on a cerebellar circuit - Semantic Scholar
Developmental assembly of calcium-mobilizing systems for excitatory amino acids in rat cerebellum<...
Plus it
Lab-grown human cerebellar cells yield clues to autism | EurekAlert! Science News
GDF15 regulates Kv2.1-mediated outward K+ current through the Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in rat cerebellar granule cells |...
Norepinephrine and synaptic transmission in the cerebellum<...
Cerebellar outflow lesions: A comparison of movement deficits resulting from lesions at the levels of the cerebellum and...
The true distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm: Clinical characteristics and strategy for treatment<...
Cell-type-specific expression of NFIX in the developing and adult cerebellum - UQ eSpace
Interactions between mitochondrial bioenergetics and cytoplasmic calcium in cultured cerebellar granule cells<...
Central vestibular system: Vestibular nuclei and posterior cerebellum<...
Ethological studies in Swiss albino mice with special reference to the histology of the cerebellar tissue after an acute as...
고립성 소뇌전엽 충부 경색
Activation of Cerebellar Climbing Fibers Increases Cerebellar Blood Flow | Stroke
Vol 9: Restrictive Expression of Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 5 Asic5 in Unipolar Brush Cells of the Vestibulocerebellum. - pdf...
Classical conditioning drives learned reward prediction signals in climbing fibers across the lateral cerebellum | eLife
Unipolar brush cell | World eBook Library | Read eBooks online
Maintenance of Wnt-3 expression in Purkinje cells of the mouse cerebellum depends on interactions with granule cells. | The...
Neuroprotective effects of PACAP against ethanol-induced toxicity in the developing rat cerebellum. - Inserm
Neurotrophin-3 induced by tri-iodothyronine in cerebellar granule cells promotes Purkinje cell differentiation<...
LM of Purkinje cells of human cerebellum - Stock Image P360/0069 - Science Photo Library
Mossy fiber-granule cell synapses in the normal and epileptic rat dentate gyrus studied with minimal laser photostimulation
No evidence for oxidative stress in the cerebellar tissues or cells of juvenile male mice exposed via lactation to the 6 non...
Plus it
Deregulated expression of PAX5 in medulloblastoma | PNAS
CXCL3 - Wikipedia
Involvement of nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species signaling via 8-nitro-cGMP formation in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion...
Motor learning and long-term plasticity of parallel fibre-Purkinje cell synapses require post-synaptic Cdk5/p35 - Molnár - 2014...
Publications - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia
Difference between revisions of Developmental Signals - Sonic hedgehog - Embryology
Chapter 5. Incoordination and Other Disorders of Cerebellar Function | Adams and Victors Principles of Neurology, 9e |...
Purkinje cells - Dwight Bergles Laboratory
The cerebellum of the brain. - Health Tips
Regulation of glutamate-synthesizing enzymes by NMDA and potassium in cerebellar granule cells
Plus it
Aberrant cerebellar Purkinje cell activity as the cause of motor attacks in a mouse model of episodic ataxia type 2 | Disease...
Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp: Infratentorial gray matter atrophy and excess in primary...
D-Amino acid oxidase knockdown in the mouse cerebellum reduces NR2A mRNA - Department of Paediatrics
Calcium-permeable ion channels in cerebellar neurons from mdx mice | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological...
Plus it
Dictionary - Normal: Cerebellum - The Human Protein Atlas
Granule Cells (Development)
Cerebellar artery - definition of cerebellar artery by The Free Dictionary
Arteria superior cerebelli synonyms, arteria superior cerebelli antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Chondroitin-4-sulfation negatively regulates axonal guidance and growth | Journal of Cell Science
The rate of visuomotor adaptation correlates with cerebellar white-matter microstructure. - Nuffield Department of Clinical...
The spatiotemporal organization of cerebellar network activity resolved by two-photon imaging of multiple single neurons | IRIS...
Simulations of a Reconstructed Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Based on Simplified Channel Kinetics | MIT CogNet
Cerebellum
Most vertebrate species have a cerebellum and one or more cerebellum-like structures, brain areas that resemble the cerebellum ... 2016 Cerebellum histology images The Cerebellum - Journal (Springer Nature) Cerebellum and Ataxias - Journal (BioMed Central) ( ... The human cerebellum changes with age. These changes may differ from those of other parts of the brain. The cerebellum is the ... Damage to the cerebellum often causes motor-related symptoms, the details of which depend on the part of the cerebellum ...
Bulbophyllum cerebellum
... is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum. The Bulbophyllum-Checklist The Internet Orchid ...
Glomerulus (cerebellum)
The cerebellar glomeruli are the first "processing station" for afferent nerve fibers entering the cerebellum. Input comes from ...
Culmen (cerebellum)
Cerebellum. Superior surface. Cerebellum. Superior surface. This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 789 ... The culmen is the portion of the anterior vermis adjacent to the primary fissure of cerebellum. The culmen and the anterior ...
The Cerebellum
... is a bi-monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal founded in 2002. It is published by Springer Science+Business ... It is entirely devoted to research about the cerebellum and its roles in ataxias and other disorders. The journal is abstracted ... "The Cerebellum". 2020 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed.). Clarivate Analytics. 2021. Official website ( ... Media on behalf of the Society for Research on the Cerebellum and Ataxias. ...
Lingula of cerebellum
Cerebellum. Inferior surface. Cerebellum. Inferior surface. This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 789 ...
Mossy fiber (cerebellum)
Axons enter the cerebellum via the middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles, where some branch to make contact with deep ... Mossy fibers are one of the major inputs to cerebellum. There are many sources of this pathway, the largest of which is the ... They ascend into the white matter of the cerebellum, where each axon branches to innervate granule cells in several cerebellar ... cerebral cortex, which sends input to the cerebellum via the pontocerebellar pathway. Other contributors include the vestibular ...
Vallecula of cerebellum
On the inferior aspect of cerebellum, the vermis protrudes above the level of the hemispheres, but on the inferior surface it ... this depression is called the vallecula of the cerebellum, and lodges the posterior part of the medulla oblongata and the ...
White cerebellum sign
The white cerebellum sign, also known as reversal sign or dense cerebellum sign, is a radiological sign denoting the relatively ... White cerebellum sign can be associated with raised intracranial pressure that occurs due to anoxic or ischemic changes in the ... "White cerebellum sign , Radiology Reference Article , Radiopaedia.org". radiopaedia.org. Retrieved 2017-03-26. v t e (Orphaned ... Chalela, JA; Rothlisberger, J; West, B; Hays, A (June 2013). "The white cerebellum sign: an under recognized sign of increased ...
Uvula of cerebellum
Cerebellum. Inferior surface. Cerebellum. Inferior surface. Cerebellum. Inferior surface. This article incorporates text in the ...
Posterior lobe of cerebellum
The posterior lobe of cerebellum or neocerebellum, is the portion of the cerebellum below the primary fissure. The posterior ... the posterior lobe of cerebellum is called the neocerebellum since phylogenetically it is the newest part of the cerebellum. It ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Posterior lobe of cerebellum. Atlas image: n2a7p4 at the University of Michigan Health ... Patestas & Gartner 2016, p. 87) "The Cerebellum". Siegel, Allan Siegel, Hreday N. Sapru; case histories written by Heidi E. ( ...
Horizontal fissure of cerebellum
Upper surface of the cerebellum. Sagittal section of the cerebellum, near the junction of the vermis with the hemisphere. This ... The largest and deepest fissure in the cerebellum is named the horizontal fissure (or horizontal sulcus). It commences in front ... and divides the cerebellum into an upper and a lower portion. Animation. Horizontal fissure lined in red. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Horizontal fissure of cerebellum. NIF Search - Horizontal Fissure via the Neuroscience ...
Anterior lobe of cerebellum
"The Cerebellum". "utah.edu". Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anterior lobe of cerebellum. Atlas image: n2a7p4 at the ... The anterior lobe of cerebellum is the portion of the cerebellum responsible for mediating unconscious proprioception. Inputs ... into the anterior lobe of the cerebellum are mainly from the spinal cord. It is sometimes equated to the "paleocerebellum". ... University of Michigan Health System NIF Search - Anterior Lobe of the Cerebellum[permanent dead link] via the Neuroscience ...
Primary fissure of cerebellum
Anatomy of the cerebellum This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 789 of the 20th edition of Gray's ... The monticulus of the cerebellum is divided by the primary fissure (or preclival fissure) into an anterior, raised part, the ... Anatomy (1918) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Primary fissure of cerebellum. https://web.archive.org/web/20080614064333 ...
Anatomy of the cerebellum
In the cerebellum, the PICA supplies blood to the posterior inferior portion of the cerebellum, the inferior cerebellar ... The anatomy of the cerebellum can be viewed at three levels. At the level of gross anatomy, the cerebellum consists of a ... The cerebellum is located at the base of the brain, with the large mass of the cerebral cortex above it and the portion of the ... The human cerebellum contains on the order of 60 to 80 billion granule cells, making this single cell type by far the most ...
Central lobule
Cerebellum. Superior surface. Cerebellum. Inferior surface. Cerebellum. Inferior surface. Cerebellum. Inferior surface. This ...
Ataxia
The term cerebellar ataxia is used to indicate ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for ... Indeed, an ouabain block of Na+ -K+ pumps in the cerebellum of a live mouse results in it displaying ataxia and dystonia. ... An MRI can sometimes show shrinkage of the cerebellum and other brain structures in people with ataxia. It may also show other ... The cerebellum is particularly vulnerable to autoimmune disorders. Cerebellar circuitry has capacities to compensate and ...
Essential tremor
Changes in the cerebellum could also be mediated by alcoholic beverage consumption. Purkinje cells are especially susceptible ... In terms of pathophysiology, clinical, physiological and imaging studies point to an involvement of the cerebellum and/or ... Miwa H (2007). "Rodent models of tremor". Cerebellum. 6 (1): 66-72. doi:10.1080/14734220601016080. PMID 17366267. S2CID ... gene and GABA receptors in the cerebellum of people with essential tremor. HAPT1 mutations have also been linked to ET, as well ...
GRID2
GluD2-containing receptors are selectively/predominantly expressed in Purkinje cells in the cerebellum where they play a key ... Cerebellum. 11 (1): 78-84. doi:10.1007/s12311-010-0186-5. PMID 20535596. S2CID 16612844. Kakegawa W, Miyazaki T, Emi K, Matsuda ...
Cerebellar hypoplasia (non-human)
Development of the cerebellum starts in a fetus in utero and, depending on the species, may continue for some period after ... The cerebellum is the brain's main control center for planning, adjusting, and executing movements of the body, the limbs and ... In utero, the virus can pass from the dam to the developing fetus and may then disrupt the development of its cerebellum by ... "Neural - Cerebellum Development". Archived from the original on 2015-05-18. Glickstein M (October 2007). "What does the ...
Eric Courchesne
Consensus paper: pathological role of the cerebellum in autism. Cerebellum. Sep 2012;11(3):777-807. Zimmer, Carl. "The Brain: ... demonstrating that autism involves developmental brain defects in the cerebellum and is definitively a neural biological ...
Cerebellar agenesis
... is a rare condition in which a brain develops without the cerebellum. The cerebellum controls smooth ... Schmahmann JD, Weilburg JB, Sherman JC (2007). "The neuropsychiatry of the cerebellum - insights from the clinic". Cerebellum. ... Agenesis of one half or another part of the cerebellum is more common than complete agenesis. Cerebellar agenesis can be caused ... The condition is not fatal on its own, but people born without a cerebellum experience severe developmental delays, language ...
Nodule of vermis
Cerebellum. Inferior surface. Cerebellum. Inferior surface. Cerebellum. Inferior surface. Atlas image: n2a7p4 at the University ... It is semilunar in form, its convex border being continuous with the white substance of the cerebellum; it extends on either ... and can only be distinctly seen after the cerebellum has been separated from the medulla oblongata and pons. On either side of ...
Rubicon (protein)
Cerebellum. 12 (6): 835-840. doi:10.1007/s12311-013-0489-4. PMID 23728897. S2CID 12372770. (Articles with short description, ...
Granule-cell-Purkinje-cell synapse
Granule-cell to Purkinje-cell synapses or gcPc synapses are the junctions that form the synapse in the cerebellum between ...
Biventer lobule
The biventer lobule (or biventral lobule) is a region of the cerebellum. It is triangular in shape; its apex points backward, ... This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 790 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918) Cerebellum. ... Cerebellum. Inferior surface. Cerebellum. Inferior surface. http://anatomia.wum.edu.pl/atlas/image_08e.htm Portal: Anatomy v t ...
FMR1
Huber KM (April 2006). "The fragile X-cerebellum connection". Trends in Neurosciences. 29 (4): 183-5. doi:10.1016/j.tins. ... Cerebellum. 15 (5): 543-5. doi:10.1007/s12311-016-0808-7. PMID 27338822. S2CID 16002209. Antar LN, Dictenberg JB, Plociniak M, ...
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1
Makoff AJ, Phillips T, Pilling C, Emson P (1997). "Expression of a novel splice variant of human mGluR1 in the cerebellum". ... Mitoma H, Honnorat J, Yamaguchi K, Manto M (March 2021). "LTDpathies: a novel clinical concept". Cerebellum. 20 (6): 948-951. ... Antibodies against mGluR1 receptors cause cerebellar ataxia and impair long-term depression (LTDpathies) in the cerebellum. In ... "Expression of a novel splice variant of human mGluR1 in the cerebellum". NeuroReport. 8 (13): 2943-7. doi:10.1097/00001756- ...
S100B
Cerebellum. 8 (3): 231-44. doi:10.1007/s12311-009-0125-5. PMC 3351107. PMID 19593677. Mbele GO, Deloulme JC, Gentil BJ, Delphin ...
Gap-43 protein
As a consequence, in the cerebellum, the neuronal precursor pool fails to expand normally and the cerebellum is significantly ... The cerebellum is also affected. GAP43 is also haploinsufficient for the cortical phenotypes and the severity of the axon ... Cerebellum. 7 (3): 451-66. doi:10.1007/s12311-008-0049-5. PMC 4164963. PMID 18777197. Routtenberg A, Cantallops I, Zaffuto S, ... "Both cell-autonomous and cell non-autonomous functions of GAP-43 are required for normal patterning of the cerebellum in vivo ...
Cerebellum - function: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image
The cerebellum processes input from other areas of the brain, spinal cord and sensory receptors to provide precise timing for ... The cerebellum processes input from other areas of the brain, spinal cord and sensory receptors to provide precise timing for ... A stroke affecting the cerebellum may cause dizziness, nausea, balance and coordination problems. ...
Internal models in the cerebellum
This review will focus on the possibility that the cerebellum contains an internal model or models of the motor apparatus. ... Internal models in the cerebellum Trends Cogn Sci. 1998 Sep 1;2(9):338-47. doi: 10.1016/s1364-6613(98)01221-2. ... This review will focus on the possibility that the cerebellum contains an internal model or models of the motor apparatus. ... Secondly, we review the evidence that the cerebellum generates predictions using such a forward model. Finally, we review a ...
Cerebellum - Single by Avintaquin | Spotify
Fluoride Action Network | Cerebellum
Tag: Cerebellum. Showing 10 of 17:. * Friday, August 12th, 2022. Intrauterine and Postnatal Exposure to High Levels of Fluoride ... At 3 months in the cerebellum, most of the neurons had normal cell structures and only a few Purkinje cell irregularities were ... Amelioration by black tea of sodium fluoride-induced changes in protein content of cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum and medulla ... Effects of Fluoride Long-Term Exposure over the Cerebellum: Global Proteomic Profile, Oxidative Biochemistry, Cell Density, and ...
Braingle » 'Cerebellum' Mentalrobics Article
Although the cerebellum constitutes only about 10% of the brain by volume, it contains nearly 80% of the brains neurons. This ... The cerebellum is a small section of the brain that sits in back, next to where the spinal cord attaches to the brain. ... Cerebellum. The cerebellum is a small section of the brain that sits in back, next to where the spinal cord attaches to the ... People who have damage to their cerebellum show problems with coordination and movement. The cerebellum is also important for ...
The zebrafish cerebellum<...
The zebrafish cerebellum. / Kaslin, Jan; Brand, Michael.. Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders: A Primer for ... The zebrafish cerebellum. Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders: A Primer for Graduate Students. Springer, 2016. pp ... Kaslin J, Brand M. The zebrafish cerebellum. In Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders: A Primer for Graduate ... Kaslin, J., & Brand, M. (2016). The zebrafish cerebellum. In Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders: A Primer for ...
Cerebellum Archives - Reasons to Believe
Prematurity leaves distinctive molecular signature in infants' cerebellum | Children's National Hospital
However, the cerebellum-a part of the brain that plays an important role in motor control-has not received as much research ... Premature birth, which affects one in 10 U.S. babies, is associated with altered metabolite profiles in the infants cerebellum ... Prematurity leaves distinctive molecular signature in infants cerebellum Markers suggest the pre-term brain tries cellular ... Prematurity leaves distinctive molecular signature in infants cerebellum. * Quality initiatives can reduce harm to newborns, ...
MRI Atlas of the Human Cerebellum by Jeremy D. Schmahmann (ebook)
... detailed work on the human cerebellum to date. This definitive work provides images in .. ... The MRI Atlas of the Human Cerebellum constitutes the most complete, ... The MRI Atlas of the Human Cerebellum constitutes the most complete, detailed work on the human cerebellum to date. This ... and is consistent with earlier work on the anatomy of the cerebellum in animals and the development of the human cerebellum in ...
Cerebellum & Ataxias - v2.sherpa
Our Blessed Lady of the Cerebellum - Neuroanthropology
He brings to our attention this brain image which shows Our Lady of the Cerebellum in his posting Immaculate perception. ... Our Blessed Lady of the Cerebellum. Posted on December 8, 2008. December 8, 2008. Author gregdowneyCategories Brain imaging, ... In other words, I hope that some good bids come into eBay for the image of Our Lady of the Cerebellum. If youre in the market ... imaged the Virgin Mary where most of us have a cerebellum (although, that would explain if she was having some motor control ...
Hamster Brain, Cerebellum Paraffin Sections | AP-202 | ZYAGEN
Cerebellum Paraffin Sections from ZYAGEN. Cat Number: AP-202. UK & Europe Distribution. ... Hamster Brain, Cerebellum Paraffin Sections , AP-202 Zyagen Hamster Sections Hamster Brain, Cerebellum Paraffin Sections , AP- ... Hamster Brain, Cerebellum Paraffin Sections , AP-202 , Zyagen. Tissues are fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in ... Hamster Brain, Cerebellum Paraffin Sections , AP-202. Rating Required Select Rating. 1 star (worst). 2 stars. 3 stars (average) ...
Frontiers | Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Network Analysis of Cerebellum with Respect to IQ and Gender
Cerebellum was parcellated into 28 lobules/ROIs (per subject) using a standard cerebellum anatomical atlas. Thereafter, ... Cerebellum was parcellated into 28 lobules/ROIs (per subject) using a standard cerebellum anatomical atlas. Thereafter, ... have many connections to cerebellum. However, there is a limited research investigating cerebellums relationship with ... In this study, the network of cerebellum was analyzed in order to investigate its overall organization in individuals with low ...
Cerebellum - Outlaw Poetry
Tag Archives: Cerebellum. Cerebellum by Jeri Thompson. Posted on July 1, 2015. by Monsieur K. - No Comments ↓ ... Posted in Jeri Thompson , Tagged Cerebellum, Jeri Thompson, Poetry , Leave a reply ... Cerebellum This envelope of skin Contains the oceans whisper, the heavens bang. In its wisdom or fate The tides and winds ... The universe of my cortex plots Continue reading Cerebellum by Jeri Thompson→ ...
Orphanet: Hypomyelination with atrophy of basal ganglia and cerebellum
2006.14933] Influence of Various Temporal Recoding on Pavlovian Eyeblink Conditioning in The Cerebellum
Proceedings of the workshop on Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia and Cortical Connections Unmasked in ...
JF - Cerebellum. VL - 14. IS - 2. SP - 142-150. EP - 142-150. PB - Springer. SN - 14734222. KW - Cerebellum. KW - Basal ganglia ... journal = {Cerebellum},. title = {Proceedings of the workshop on Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia and Cortical Connections Unmasked in ... Proceedings of the workshop on Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia and Cortical Connections Unmasked in Health and Disorder Held in Brno ... Especially, the cerebellum plays a more complex role in how the brain functions than previously thought.. ER - ...
Tissue expression of RECQL - Staining in cerebellum - The Human Protein Atlas
... in cerebellum tissue. Antibody staining with CAB009743 in immunohistochemistry. ... TISSUE PRIMARY DATA CEREBELLUM ADIPOSE TISSUE ADRENAL GLAND AMYGDALA APPENDIX BASAL GANGLIA BONE MARROW BREAST BRONCHUS ... CEREBELLUM - Expression summary. Protein expression. Cerebellumi On the top, protein expression in current human tissue, based ... CEREBELLUM CEREBRAL CORTEX CERVIX CHOROID PLEXUS COLON DUODENUM ENDOMETRIUM EPIDIDYMIS ESOPHAGUS FALLOPIAN TUBE GALLBLADDER ...
In the Brain's Cerebellum, a New Target for Suppressing Hunger - Prader-Willi Syndrome Association | USA
In the Brains Cerebellum, a New Target for Suppressing Hunger. November 18, 2021. November 18, 2021. Carrie Larsen ... According to a new study, their constant hunger results in part to disordered signaling in the brains cerebellum, a region of ... Home » PWSA Blog » Blog » In the Brains Cerebellum, a New Target for Suppressing Hunger ... Home » PWSA Blog » Blog » In the Brains Cerebellum, a New Target for Suppressing Hunger ...
25 million gift from Once Upon a Time Foundation establishes Raynor Cerebellum Project at UT Southwestern to tackle cerebellar...
... to investigate diseases associated with cerebellum dysfunction, with the goal of discovering how to preserve and restore lost ... 25 million commitment from the Once Upon a Time Foundation will create the Raynor Cerebellum Project at UT Southwestern Medical ... The Raynor Cerebellum Project, established through the support of Geoffrey Raynor, founder of the Once Upon a Time Foundation, ... The Raynor Cerebellum Project will be a collaboration of the best minds with a Manhattan Project-like focused, results-oriented ...
Supplements
- Tagged 'Standard Deviants by Cerebellum'
- Nest Learning
Cerebellum Getting a good score on the SAT is the key to getting into a good college. Since math comprises one-half of the test ... Cerebellum The key to getting into a good college, the SAT has struck fear into the hearts of high school students for years. ... Cerebellum With our winning formula for success, theres no reason why your students need to sweat the New SAT. This proven ... Cerebellum Avoid classic SAT traps and tackle new sections with confidence. Master grid-in questions and get the most from your ...
Study of the Cerebellum - Circulating Now from NLM
cerebellum Archives - preLights
preLights is a community initiative supported by The Company of Biologists. The Company of Biologists is a not-for-profit publishing organisation dedicated to supporting and inspiring the biological community. The Company publishes five specialist peer-reviewed journals: Development, Journal of Cell Science, Journal of Experimental Biology, Disease Models & Mechanisms and Biology Open. It offers further support to the biological community by facilitating scientific meetings, providing travel grants for researchers and supporting research societies.. In this video our directors tell you more about our activities and why they choose to dedicate their time to the Company.. www.biologists.com. ...
Keywords nervous + cerebellum + other | PEIR Digital Library
Frozen Tissue Section - Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Brain: Cerebellum | BioChain Institute Inc.
Effects of caffeinated energy drinks on cerebellum of Male albino rats | Zenodo
The cerebellum was excised in each animal and weighed; fixed in formalin, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Sections were ... Objective: This study aims to determine the impact of oral administration of red bull on cerebellum of adult male albino rats. ... it is concluded that consumption of caffeinated energy drinks should be restricted to avoid their harmful effects on cerebellum ... Effects of caffeinated energy drinks on cerebellum of Male albino rats. Syeda Sara Bano; Faiza Shafqat; Saeed Shafi; Ashraf ...
Conflux Cornucopia Cerebellum Cocktail Hour: Ep #034=A Little Mischief | Radio Valencia
Episode #034 of the Conflux Cornucopia Cerebellum Cocktail Hour: A Little Mischief. Not really a set theme, just some cool ... Conflux Cornucopia Cerebellum Cocktail Hour: Ep #034=A Little Mischief. Friday, April 1, 6pm. - thealchemist. Welcome back my ... Episode #034 of the Conflux Cornucopia Cerebellum Cocktail Hour: A Little Mischief. Not really a set theme, just some cool ...
cerebellum
P2‐127: Volumetry of the cerebellum and its subregions in genetic frontotemporal dementia
-
UCL...
P2‐127: Volumetry of the cerebellum and its subregions in genetic frontotemporal dementia. Presented at: AAIC 2015, Washington ... P2‐127: Volumetry of the cerebellum and its subregions in genetic frontotemporal dementia ... P2‐127: Volumetry of the cerebellum and its subregions in genetic frontotemporal dementia. ...
Figures and data in Classical conditioning drives learned reward prediction signals in climbing fibers across the lateral...
Classical conditioning drives learned reward prediction signals in climbing fibers across the lateral cerebellum. ... Classical conditioning drives learned reward prediction signals in climbing fibers across the lateral cerebellum ... Classical conditioning drives learned reward prediction signals in climbing fibers across the lateral cerebellum ...
BasalBrainstemStudy of the cerebellumMidbrain and cerebellumCortexCerebrumBrain's cerebellumPosterior cerebellumSpinal cordNeuroscienceAdultSynaptic organizationCerebellar structuresLimbicClinicalSensoryCognitiveNervous systemOrganization20172022AnatomyMotorReceptorAbnormalRegenerationDisordersEnvelopeCoordinationInfantsBehaviorDysfunctionConstitutesRoleMovementFrontalMoleculesHumanExpressionConsistentDiffusionDifferencesPatientsMolecularFoundAtlas
Basal5
- Proceedings of the workshop on Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia and Cortical Connections Unmasked in Health and Disorder Held in Brno, Czech Republic, October 17th, 2013. (muni.cz)
- N2 - The proceedings of the workshop synthesize the experimental, preclinical, and clinical data suggesting that the cerebellum, basal ganglia (BG), and their connections play an important role in pathophysiology of various movement disorders (like Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes) or neurodevelopmental disorders (like autism). (muni.cz)
- In one series of studies, anatomical organization linking the frontal cortex, the basal ganglia, and the cerebellum was analyzed systematically. (nii.ac.jp)
- Pilocytic astrocytomas (ie, WHO grade I) arise throughout the neuraxis, but preferred sites include the optic nerve, optic chiasm/hypothalamus, thalamus and basal ganglia, cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brain stem. (medscape.com)
- There is usually preserved metabolism in the sensorimotor cortices, basal ganglia, occipital lobes, and cerebellum. (snmjournals.org)
Brainstem4
- Abnormal trajectories in cerebellum and brainstem volumes in carriers of the fragile X premutation. (escholarship.org)
- Volume changes in the cerebellum and brainstem were contrasted with those in the ventricles and whole brain. (escholarship.org)
- Compared to the controls, premutation carriers without FXTAS showed significantly accelerated volume decrease in the cerebellum and whole brain, flatter inverted U-shaped trajectory of the brainstem, and larger ventricles. (escholarship.org)
- Compared to both older controls and premutation carriers without FXTAS, carriers with FXTAS exhibited significant volume decrease in the cerebellum and whole brain and accelerated volume decrease in the brainstem. (escholarship.org)
Study of the cerebellum1
- This atlas facilitates this new era of study of the cerebellum, allowing investigators to identify cerebellar structures with precision. (ebooks.com)
Midbrain and cerebellum3
- Prospective midbrain and cerebellum formation are coordinated by FGF ligands produced by the isthmic organizer. (biologists.com)
- Previous studies have suggested that midbrain and cerebellum development require different levels of FGF signaling. (biologists.com)
- Whole brains and brain regions (forebrain, midbrain and cerebellum) were analyzed for CPF and its major metabolite trichloropyridinol (TCP), its major metabolite. (cdc.gov)
Cortex7
- The cerebellum monitors the position of the body and communicates with the motor cortex to fine-tune the signals sent to the muscles. (braingle.com)
- From a clinical point of view the most important connections of the cerebellum are with the spinal cord, and with the cerebral cortex. (brainkart.com)
- She has a particular interest in understanding the genetic control of the development of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- [9] The majority of red nucleus axons do not project to the spinal cord but, via its parvocellular part, relay information from the motor cortex to the cerebellum through the inferior olivary complex , an important relay center in the medulla . (wikipedia.org)
- The red nucleus receives many inputs from the cerebellum ( interposed nucleus and the lateral cerebellar nucleus) of the opposite side and an input from the motor cortex of the same side. (wikipedia.org)
- A study by researchers at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois, published in Cerebral Cortex in March 2016, points out that improving the connectivity of the cerebellum to the brain increases the creative capacity of young adults. (weddingincana.com)
- 2011). The authors argue that his empathy impairment was because of impaired connections between medial and lateral posterior cerebellum and prefrontal, parietal and temporal association cortex as well as anterior cingulate and insula, amygdala and other limbic and autonomical structures. (medscape.com)
Cerebrum1
- Day 1 13C con- centrations of cerebrum and cerebellum were also significantly increased but the increase was inconsistent, significant only on one additional day of the postexposure period, possibly reflecting translocation across the blood-brain barrier in certain brain regions. (cdc.gov)
Brain's cerebellum2
- According to a new study, their constant hunger results in part to disordered signaling in the brain's cerebellum, a region of the brain also responsible for motor control and learning. (pwsausa.org)
- We think it's to do with the brain's cerebellum that monitors our movement. (bbc.com)
Posterior cerebellum1
- This study tests the hypothesis that the posterior cerebellum is involved in social cognition by identifying and automatizing sequences of social actions. (vub.be)
Spinal cord4
- The cerebellum processes input from other areas of the brain, spinal cord and sensory receptors to provide precise timing for coordinated, smooth movements of the skeletal muscular system. (medlineplus.gov)
- The cerebellum is a small section of the brain that sits in back, next to where the spinal cord attaches to the brain. (braingle.com)
- Although these are not concerned with the spinal cord it is useful to consider here the pathways that carry impulses from tissues in the head to the cerebellum. (brainkart.com)
- The brain stem and spinal cord are the next most frequently affected sites, whereas the cerebellum is a distinctly uncommon site. (medscape.com)
Neuroscience1
- Rapid advances in several technologies, including brain imaging, genetics, and laboratory techniques enabling precise mapping and manipulation of connected brain regions, are powering this new understanding of the cerebellum and its functions and hold great promise for future discoveries critical for better therapeutics," said William Dauer, M.D., inaugural Director of the O'Donnell Brain Institute , and Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Adult3
- This study aims to determine the impact of oral administration of red bull on cerebellum of adult male albino rats. (zenodo.org)
- The expression of MPS1/S27 protein in human adult cerebellum has not been established. (iiarjournals.org)
- We herein describe MPS1 as a new marker of PCs its use in immunohistochemistry in adult human cerebellum, employing specific affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies directed against the N -terminuus synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 2 to 17 of MPS1/S27 ribosomal protein with extra-ribosomal functions. (iiarjournals.org)
Synaptic organization2
- Here we describe a neural network model based on the synaptic organization of the cerebellum that can generate timed responses in the range of tens of milliseconds to seconds. (mit.edu)
- En G.M. Shephard, (Ed.). The synaptic organization of the brain . (bvsalud.org)
Cerebellar structures1
- The superfi cial position of the cerebellar primoridum and cerebellum further facilitates in vivo imaging of cerebellar structures and developmental events at cell resolution. (monash.edu)
Limbic1
- Limbic cerebellum may play a role in the network of brain regions underlying emotional empathy (emotional contagion or affective perspective-taking), but more detailed studies and groups studies are needed to define its role. (medscape.com)
Clinical1
- The bold vision of the Foundation's Raynor Cerebellum Project will allow UT Southwestern to bring together the needed expertise, collaboration, and technological prowess to advance scientific understanding and clinical insight with the goal of developing effective therapies for cerebellar disease and ultimately preventing cerebellar dysfunction in both children and adults," said Daniel K. Podolsky, M.D., President of UT Southwestern . (utsouthwestern.edu)
Sensory3
- The cerebellum is also important for the cognitive functions of attention, language, music and other sensory tasks. (braingle.com)
- Recent studies have shown that the cerebellum is involved in much more than motor coordination alone: also in higher functions including memory, language, emotion, and attention, as well as sensory discrimination. (ebooks.com)
- Exteroceptive impulses from the head (and parts of the neck) reach the cerebellum through trigemino-cerebellar fibres arising in the main sensory and spinal nuclei of this nerve. (brainkart.com)
Cognitive1
- There is evidence that the human cerebellum is involved not only in motor control but also in other cognitive functions. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Nervous system1
- The contributions from individual distinguished speakers cover the neuroanatomical research of complex networks, neuroimaging data showing that the cerebellum and BG are connected to a wide range of other central nervous system structures involved in movement control. (muni.cz)
Organization2
- The book includes a new nomenclature system (labeling system) which is easier to use, aids in understanding the organization of the cerebellum, and is consistent with earlier work on the anatomy of the cerebellum in animals and the development of the human cerebellum in infants. (ebooks.com)
- In this study, the network of cerebellum was analyzed in order to investigate its overall organization in individuals with low and high fluid Intelligence Quotient (IQ). (frontiersin.org)
20171
- WASHINGTON - Premature birth, which affects one in 10 U.S. babies, is associated with altered metabolite profiles in the infants' cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls coordination and balance, a team led by Children's National Health System clinician-researchers report Aug. 15, 2017 in Scientific Reports . (childrensnational.org)
20221
- DALLAS - May 12, 2022 - A generous $25 million commitment from the Once Upon a Time Foundation will create the Raynor Cerebellum Project at UT Southwestern Medical Center (RCP-UTSW) to investigate diseases associated with cerebellum dysfunction, with the goal of discovering how to preserve and restore lost brain function. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Anatomy1
- Everyone concerned with the anatomy, function, or dysfunction of the cerebellum should have a copy. (ebooks.com)
Motor7
- This review will focus on the possibility that the cerebellum contains an internal model or models of the motor apparatus. (nih.gov)
- However, the cerebellum -a part of the brain that plays an important role in motor control-has not received as much research attention. (childrensnational.org)
- Therefore, it is concluded that consumption of caffeinated energy drinks should be restricted to avoid their harmful effects on cerebellum leading to sleep disturbances and motor incoordination. (zenodo.org)
- While this was going on, they measured the level of activation, through fMRI for three major brain areas: the Supplementary Motor Area commonly involved in the control of movement, the Superior Parietal Lobule reflecting the spatial orientation, and the cerebellum which uses a predictive internal model to solve a task. (emory.edu)
- Individual differences in expert motor coordination associated with white matter microstructure in the cerebellum. (ox.ac.uk)
- Motor coordination, the amount of experience, and the age at which training began were all associated with individual differences in white matter integrity in the cerebellum within the karate groups. (ox.ac.uk)
- A woman was found without a cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls motor abilities of the body. (comicsands.com)
Receptor1
- For example, the filter may be used to select all human genes over-expressed in the cerebellum that have GO-annotated G-protein coupled receptor activity. (ucsc.edu)
Abnormal1
- The first description of a novel disorder of the cerebellum, characterized by enlarged folia with abnormal ganglion cells, was made by J. Lhermitte and P. Duclos in 1920. (medlink.com)
Regeneration1
- Conclusion: Since MPS1 is involved in cell division, DNA repair, and ribosomal biogenesis, it may be a useful antigen for studying processes such as protein synthesis, oncogenesis, regeneration, aging, and perhaps diseases of the human cerebellum. (iiarjournals.org)
Disorders1
- The Raynor Cerebellum Project will leverage investments made in UT Southwestern's O'Donnell Brain Institute through its Campaign for the Brain, with key infrastructure now in place to accelerate progress in understanding and developing novel treatments for cerebellar disorders. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Envelope1
- Cerebellum This envelope of skin Contains the ocean's whisper, the heaven's bang. (outlawpoetry.com)
Coordination2
- A stroke affecting the cerebellum may cause dizziness, nausea, balance and coordination problems. (medlineplus.gov)
- People who have damage to their cerebellum show problems with coordination and movement. (braingle.com)
Infants2
- In the new study, Limperopoulos and colleagues used a specialized MRI technique that allowed them to parse out differences in which molecules are present in the cerebellum of full-term infants compared with premature infants. (childrensnational.org)
- Looking specifically at the cerebellum, the researchers found that the pre-term infants overall had significantly lower concentrations of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), a marker of the integrity of nerve cells. (childrensnational.org)
Behavior2
- In terms of behavior, hand use elicits asymmetrical activation in the cerebellum, while hand preference is weakly associated with language lateralization. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
- Numerous attempts have been made to understand the evolutionary steps of the cerebellum and its behavior as a complex biological machine ( 11 , 12 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Dysfunction1
- Existing cerebellum research has suffered from a piecemeal approach, which has necessitated a need for focus and a streamlined path to treatments for those suffering from cerebellar dysfunction. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Constitutes2
- Although the cerebellum constitutes only about 10% of the brain by volume, it contains nearly 80% of the brain's neurons. (braingle.com)
- The MRI Atlas of the Human Cerebellum constitutes the most complete, detailed work on the human cerebellum to date. (ebooks.com)
Role6
- Especially, the cerebellum plays a more complex role in how the brain functions than previously thought. (muni.cz)
- Mounting evidence over the past decade has pointed to a role for the cerebellum in cognition and social skills. (utsouthwestern.edu)
- Role of the cerebellum in externally paced rhythmic finger movements. (ox.ac.uk)
- Several studies have suggested that the cerebellum has an important role in timing of subsecond intervals. (ox.ac.uk)
- Substantial evidence has established that the cerebellum plays an important role in the generation of movements. (mit.edu)
- Previous studies suggest that the cerebellum plays a role in the timing of movements. (mit.edu)
Movement1
- rTMS of the cerebellum ipsilateral to the movement increased the variability of the intertap interval but only for movements at 2 Hz that were made while subjects were synchronizing with an auditory cue. (ox.ac.uk)
Frontal1
- In the cerebellum, transverse, tangential, and frontal sections were obtained from the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. (iiarjournals.org)
Molecules1
- Animal experiments have confirmed these findings and suggested that the ototoxic effects observed may have resulted from biochemical mechanisms such as stimulation of the central vestibulo/oculomotor pathways due to an effect of solvent molecules on cellular ionic transport within the vestibulo/cerebellum and interference with cerebellar gamma- aminobutyric-acid transmission. (cdc.gov)
Human1
- In the human cerebellum, neuroblasts migrate radially and outwards from the germinal matrix layer present in the walls of the fourth ventricle and finally populate in the deep cerebellar nuclei and the Purkinje cell (PC) layer during the embryonic period ( 1 , 2 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Expression1
- Gene expression was slightly altered in the JP-3 and JP-4 Knockout cerebellum. (genscript.com)
Consistent1
- At necropsy, a mass was identified associated with the cerebellum, and histopathology was consistent with medulloblastoma, which has not been reported previously in the horse. (nih.gov)
Diffusion1
- A spatially unbiased infratentorial template was applied to perform cerebellum optimized quantitative susceptibility mapping and diffusion tensor analysis based on magnetic resonance imaging . (bvsalud.org)
Differences1
- Our results reveal that both male and female networks have small-world properties with differences in females (especially in higher IQ females) indicative of higher neural efficiency in cerebellum. (frontiersin.org)
Patients2
- The Raynor Cerebellum Project, established through the support of Geoffrey Raynor, founder of the Once Upon a Time Foundation , intends to bring together the world's top experts in cerebellar research and care to launch a broad range of scientific investigations from basic understanding of related neural circuitry to translational studies with patients aimed at identifying and evaluating potential therapeutic targets. (utsouthwestern.edu)
- The objectives of this study were to investigate iron distribution and demonstrate changes in axons in the cerebellum , providing evidence for PC loss in patients with ICD. (bvsalud.org)
Molecular1
- The high complexity and molecular functions of the cerebellum have baffled scientists for more than 200 years ( 10 - 12 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Found2
- This confocal micrograph shows specialized cells named Purkinje cells (red) that are found in a part of the brain called the cerebellum. (cellimagelibrary.org)
- The implication was also found by the cerebellum. (psychologysays.net)
Atlas1
- Cerebellum was parcellated into 28 lobules/ROIs (per subject) using a standard cerebellum anatomical atlas. (frontiersin.org)