Cerebellar nuclei. Medical search

Four clusters of neurons located deep within the WHITE MATTER of the CEREBELLUM, which are the nucleus dentatus, nucleus emboliformis, nucleus globosus, and nucleus fastigii.

The output neurons of the cerebellar cortex.

The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.

The superficial GRAY MATTER of the CEREBELLUM. It consists of two main layers, the stratum moleculare and the stratum granulosum.

Reflex closure of the eyelid occurring as a result of classical conditioning.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.

A part of the MEDULLA OBLONGATA situated in the olivary body. It is involved with motor control and is a major source of sensory input to the CEREBELLUM.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A pinkish-yellow portion of the midbrain situated in the rostral mesencephalic tegmentum. It receives a large projection from the contralateral half of the CEREBELLUM via the superior cerebellar peduncle and a projection from the ipsilateral MOTOR CORTEX.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

The function of opposing or restraining the excitation of neurons or their target excitable cells.

Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.

The four cellular masses in the floor of the fourth ventricle giving rise to a widely dispersed special sensory system. Included is the superior, medial, inferior, and LATERAL VESTIBULAR NUCLEUS. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.

Brief closing of the eyelids by involuntary normal periodic closing, as a protective measure, or by voluntary action.

Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)

Endogenous compounds and drugs that bind to and activate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA).

Hyperpolarization of membrane potentials at the SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES of target neurons during NEUROTRANSMISSION. They are local changes which diminish responsiveness to excitatory signals.

Mice which carry mutant genes for neurologic defects or abnormalities.

The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.

Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Extensions of the nerve cell body. They are short and branched and receive stimuli from other NEURONS.

An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The capacity of the NERVOUS SYSTEM to change its reactivity as the result of successive activations.

Collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the LATERAL VENTRICLE, in the region of the OLFACTORY TUBERCLE, lying between the head of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the ANTERIOR PERFORATED SUBSTANCE. It is part of the so-called VENTRAL STRIATUM, a composite structure considered part of the BASAL GANGLIA.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate GABA RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and GABA RECEPTOR AGONISTS.

Paired bodies containing mostly GRAY MATTER and forming part of the lateral wall of the THIRD VENTRICLE of the brain.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

A species of the genus MACACA inhabiting India, China, and other parts of Asia. The species is used extensively in biomedical research and adapts very well to living with humans.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge.

The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.

Several groups of nuclei in the thalamus that serve as the major relay centers for sensory impulses in the brain.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

GRAY MATTER located in the dorsomedial part of the MEDULLA OBLONGATA associated with the solitary tract. The solitary nucleus receives inputs from most organ systems including the terminations of the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves. It is a major coordinator of AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM regulation of cardiovascular, respiratory, gustatory, gastrointestinal, and chemoreceptive aspects of HOMEOSTASIS. The solitary nucleus is also notable for the large number of NEUROTRANSMITTERS which are found therein.

The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.

A region extending from the PONS & MEDULLA OBLONGATA through the MESENCEPHALON, characterized by a diversity of neurons of various sizes and shapes, arranged in different aggregations and enmeshed in a complicated fiber network.

The lower portion of the BRAIN STEM. It is inferior to the PONS and anterior to the CEREBELLUM. Medulla oblongata serves as a relay station between the brain and the spinal cord, and contains centers for regulating respiratory, vasomotor, cardiac, and reflex activities.

The directed transport of ORGANELLES and molecules along nerve cell AXONS. Transport can be anterograde (from the cell body) or retrograde (toward the cell body). (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ed, pG3)

A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.

Cell surface proteins that bind glutamate and act through G-proteins to influence second messenger systems. Several types of metabotropic glutamate receptors have been cloned. They differ in pharmacology, distribution, and mechanisms of action.

A type I G protein-coupled receptor mostly expressed post-synaptic pyramidal cells of the cortex and CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Hard, amorphous, brittle, inorganic, usually transparent, polymerous silicate of basic oxides, usually potassium or sodium. It is used in the form of hard sheets, vessels, tubing, fibers, ceramics, beads, etc.

Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.

An irregularly shaped cavity in the RHOMBENCEPHALON, located between the MEDULLA OBLONGATA; the PONS; and the isthmus in front, and the CEREBELLUM behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the SUBARACHNOID SPACE.

A specialty concerned with the use of x-ray and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Cerebellar afferents from neurons in the extraocular motor nuclei: a fluorescent retrograde double-labeling study in the sheep. (1/323)

The fluorescent retrograde double labeling technique has been used to identify within the extraocular motor nuclei of the sheep the neurons projecting to the cerebellum and to provide evidence whether they are motor neurons sending collaterals to the cerebellum or a separate population of neurons. The study was performed on eight sheep. The fluorescent tracers used were Fast Blue and the diamidino yellow dihydrochloride. In one and the same animal a fluorescent tracer was injected into the extraocular muscles (EOMs) and the other into bilateral points of the vermal folia II-V and paramedian lobule, or into the vermal folia VI, VIIA and VIIB, or into the underlying fastigial nuclei. Within the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nuclei, almost all of the motor neurons were labeled by the tracer injected into the EOMs and only a few cells were fluorescent for the tracer infiltrated into the cerebellum. These latter labelings were present bilaterally, and their number and distribution did not show apparent differences after injecting the paramedian lobule and the vermal folia or the fastigial nucleus. Along the rostrocaudal extent of the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei, the neurons projecting to the cerebellum were intermingled with the motor neurons located in the nuclear area facing the medial longitudinal fasciculus. In the abducens nucleus they were restricted to the caudal pole of the nucleus, which is located ventrolaterally to the genu of the facial nerve. Double-labeled neurons were never found. The absence of double-labeled cells, in spite of the efficiency of the tracer infiltration into the EOMs and into the cerebellum, demonstrates that the cerebellar projections from the extraocular motor nuclei are not collaterals of the motor neurons, but axons of a separate population of neurons. (+info)

Role of the Botzinger complex in fastigial nucleus-mediated respiratory responses. (2/323)

We have reported that the phrenic neurogram (PN) is modulated by stimulation of the fastigial nucleus (FN) of the cerebellum. The present study was undertaken to search for brainstem site(s) involved in the FN efferent pathway to modulate phrenic nerve activities. Experiments were performed on 35 anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated cats, using the PN as the index of the respiratory motor output. Results showed that bilateral electrolytic lesions of the red nucleus (RN), the paramedian reticular nucleus (PRN), or the pontine respiratory group (PRG) had little effect on the ability of FN stimulation to modulate the respiratory output. However, the modulation was abolished by bilateral electrolytic lesions of the Botzinger complex (BotC). Further studies showed that bilateral chemical inactivation of BotC neurons produced by topical microinjection of kainic acid or cobalt chloride failed to abolish the modulation. We concluded that fibers of passage, not synapses or cell bodies in the BotC, were involved in the modulatory effect of FN stimulation on the PN. The RN, PRN, and PRG appear not to be important in the neural circuitry responsible for the FN modulation of the phrenic activity. (+info)

Perineuronal nets of proteoglycans in the adult mouse brain, with special reference to their reactions to Gomori's ammoniacal silver and Ehrlich's methylene blue. (3/323)

As our previous studies have indicated, many subsets of neurons in the vertebrate brain possess a sulfated proteoglycan surface coat which reacts to cationic iron colloid and aldehyde fuchsin. The present study demonstrated that this surface coat is supravitally stained with Ehrlich's methylene blue, and doubly with this blue and aldehyde fuchsin, a finding suggesting its being identical to Cajal's superficial reticulum (red superficial) and to Golgi's reticular coating (revetement reticulare). The perineuronal surface coat was further stained with Gomori's ammoniacal silver, and doubly with this silver and cationic iron colloid. These neurons with such a proteoglycan surface coat usually expressed cell surface glycoproteins which were labeled with lectin Wisteria floribunda agglutinin. Hyaluronidase digestion did not interfere with this lectin labeling of the glycoproteins, methylene blue and Gomori's ammoniacal silver staining of the surface coat, while it erased the cationic iron colloid and aldehyde fuchsin staining of the surface coat. These findings suggest that the perineuronal proteoglycan surface coat is associated with some additional molecules which are resistant to hyaluronidase digestion and stainable with methylene blue and Gomori's ammoniacal silver. The possibility is suggested that these molecules might represent "ligand proteoglycans" connecting the perineuronal proteoglycans and cell surface glycoproteins. (+info)

Intrinsic neurons of fastigial nucleus mediate neurogenic neuroprotection against excitotoxic and ischemic neuronal injury in rat. (4/323)

Electrical stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) elevates regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and arterial pressure (AP) and provides long-lasting protection against focal and global ischemic infarctions. We investigated which neuronal element in FN, perikarya or axons, mediates this central neurogenic neuroprotection and whether it also protects against excitotoxicity. In anesthetized rats, the FN was stimulated for 1 hr, and ibotenic acid (IBO) was microinjected unilaterally into the striatum. In unstimulated controls, the excitotoxic lesions averaged approximately 40 mm3. Stimulation of FN, but not dentate nucleus (DN), significantly reduced lesion volumes up to 80% when IBO was injected 15 min, 72 hr, or 10 d, but not 30 d, thereafter. In other rats, intrinsic neurons of FN or DN were destroyed by pretreatment with IBO. Five days later, the FN was stimulated, and 72 hr later, IBO was microinjected into the striatum. Lesions of FN, but not DN, abolished neuroprotection but not the elevations of rCBF and AP elicited from FN stimulation. Excitotoxic lesions of FN, but not DN, also abolished the 37% reduction in focal ischemic infarctions produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Excitation of intrinsic FN neurons provides long-lasting, substantial, and reversible protection of central neurons from excitotoxicity, as well as focal ischemia, whereas axons in the nucleus, probably collaterals of ramified brainstem neurons, mediate the elevations in rCBF, which do not contribute to neuroprotection. Long-lived protection against a range of injuries is an unrecognized function of FN neurons transmitted over pathways distinct from those regulating rCBF. (+info)

Fastigial nucleus activity during different frequencies and orientations of vertical vestibular stimulation in the monkey. (5/323)

Neurons in the rostral part of the fastigial nucleus (FN) respond to vestibular stimulation but are not related to eye movements. To understand the precise role of these vestibular-only neurons in the central processing of vestibular signals, unit activity in the FN of alert monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was recorded. To induce vestibular stimulation, the monkey was rotated sinusoidally around an earth-fixed horizontal axis at stimulus frequencies between 0.06 (+/-15 degrees) and 1.4 Hz (+/-7.5 degrees). During stimulation head orientation was changed continuously, allowing for roll, pitch, and intermediate planes of orientation. At a frequency of 0.6 Hz, 59% of the neurons had an optimal response orientation (ORO) and a null response (i.e., no modulation) 90 degrees apart. The phase of neuronal response was constant except for a steep shift of 180 degrees around the null response. This group I response is compatible with a semicircular canal input, canal convergence, or a single otolith input. Several other features indicated more complex responses, including spatiotemporal convergence (STC). 1) For 35% of the responses at 0.6 Hz, phase changes were gradual with different orientations. Fifteen percent of these had a null response (group II), and 20% showed only a minimal response but no null response (group III). The remaining responses (6%), classified as group IV, were characterized by a constant sensitivity at different orientations in most instances. 2) For the vast majority of neurons, the stimulus frequency determined the response group, i.e., an individual neuron could show a group I response at one frequency and a group II (III or IV) response at another frequency. 3) ORO changed with frequency by >45 degrees for 44% of the neurons. 4) Although phase changes at different frequencies were close to head velocity (+/-45 degrees ) or head position (+/-45 degrees ) for most neurons, they exceeded 90 degrees for 29% of the neurons between 0.1 and 1.0 Hz. In most cases, this was a phase advance. The change in sensitivity with change in frequency showed a similar pattern for all neurons; the average sensitivity increased from 1.24 imp. s-1. deg-1 at 0.1 Hz to 2.97 imp. s-1. deg-1 at 1.0 Hz. These data demonstrate that only an analysis based on measurements at different frequencies and orientations reveals a number of complex features. They moreover suggest that for the vast majority of neurons several sources of canal and otolith information interact at this central stage of vestibular information processing. (+info)

Simulations of cerebellar motor learning: computational analysis of plasticity at the mossy fiber to deep nucleus synapse. (6/323)

We question the widely accepted assumption that a molecular mechanism for long-term expression of synaptic plasticity is sufficient to explain the persistence of memories. Instead, we show that learning and memory require that these cellular mechanisms be correctly integrated within the architecture of the neural circuit. To illustrate this general conclusion, our studies are based on the well characterized synaptic organization of the cerebellum and its relationship to a simple form of motor learning. Using computer simulations of cerebellar-mediated eyelid conditioning, we examine the ability of three forms of plasticity at mossy fiber synapses in the cerebellar nucleus to contribute to learning and memory storage. Results suggest that when the simulation is exposed to reasonable patterns of "background" cerebellar activity, only one of these three rules allows for the retention of memories. When plasticity at the mossy fiber synapse is controlled by nucleus or climbing fiber activity, the circuit is unable to retain memories because of interactions within the network that produce spontaneous drift of synaptic strength. In contrast, a plasticity rule controlled by the activity of the Purkinje cell allows for a memory trace that is resistant to ongoing activity in the circuit. These results suggest specific constraints for theories of cerebellar motor learning and have general implications regarding the mechanisms that may contribute to the persistence of memories. (+info)

Lateral cerebellar hemispheres actively support sensory acquisition and discrimination rather than motor control. (7/323)

This study examined a new hypothesis proposing that the lateral cerebellum is not activated by motor control per se, as widely assumed, but is engaged during the acquisition and discrimination of tactile sensory information. This proposal derives from neurobiological studies of these regions of the rat cerebellum. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lateral cerebellar output nucleus (dentate) of humans during passive and active sensory tasks confirmed four a priori implications of this hypothesis. Dentate nuclei responded to cutaneous stimuli, even when there were no accompanying overt finger movements. Finger movements not associated with tactile sensory discrimination produced no dentate activation. Sensory discrimination with the fingers induced an increase in dentate activation, with or without finger movements. Finally, dentate activity was greatest when there was the most opportunity to modulate the acquisition of the sensory tactile data: when the discrimination involved the active repositioning of tactile sensory surface of the fingers. Furthermore, activity in cerebellar cortex was strongly correlated with observed dentate activity. This distinct four-way pattern of effects strongly challenges other cerebellar theories. However, contrary to appearances, neither our hypothesis nor findings conflict with behavioral effects of cerebellar damage, neurophysiological data on animals performing motor tasks, or cerebellar contribution to nonmotor, perceptual, and cognitive tasks. (+info)

Single-unit evidence for eye-blink conditioning in cerebellar cortex is altered, but not eliminated, by interpositus nucleus lesions. (8/323)

Many theories of motor learning explain learning-related changes in motor behavior in terms of plasticity in the cerebellar cortex. Empirical evidence, however, does not always appear to be consistent with such formulations. It is the anterior cerebellar interpositus nucleus (aINP) that seems to be essential for acquisition and retention of conditioned eye-blink responses under most circumstances and it has been therefore suggested that the aINP is the critical site of learning-related plasticity during eye-blink conditioning. Supporting this conclusion are studies demonstrating that multiple-unit conditioning-related neural activity patterns observed in many brain regions disappear after aINP lesion. The possibility that the cerebellar cortex may be involved in forming these patterns has not been assessed adequately, however. In the current study, trained rabbits received kainic acid lesions of the INP. After recovery, the animals underwent additional sessions of conditioning during which single-unit activity was recorded from the cerebellar cortex. Our results suggest that the aINP is not the sole site of plasticity during eye-blink conditioning, as a subset of the neurons recorded from lesioned animals demonstrated conditioning-related firing patterns. The lesions did change the character of these firing patterns from those observed in saline controls, however, in ways that can be generally described as a loss of organization. The normal tendency for the population of cortical cells to change firing rate together, for instance, was significantly less noticeable in lesioned animals. These results suggest that the aINP may be involved in the production of important features of conditioned responding, such as system timing function, therefore suggesting the need for more models that incorporate aINP and brain stem feedback as integral to the production of organized neural and behavioral responses. (+info)

"Pontine Nuclei and Middle Cerebellar Penduncle". Archived from the original on 30 March 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2013. ... "Projections of individual purkinje cells of identified zones in the flocculus to the vestibular and cerebellar nuclei in the ... Ito, M (1982). "Cerebellar Control of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex--Around the Flocculus Hypothesis". Annual Review of ... The first and third zones of the flocculus project to the superior vestibular nucleus, the second and fourth zone projects to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flocculus

"Pontine Nuclei and Middle Cerebellar Peduncle" Medical Neurosciences 731. UW-Madison Medical School. "Archived copy". Archived ... This indicates that cerebellar function is intact and that the presented symptoms of Bruns apraxia are due to damage located ... Unlike ataxias of cerebellar origin, Bruns apraxia exhibits many frontal lobe ataxia characteristics, with some or all present ... Walking stride in cerebellar ataxia varies dramatically, accompanied by erratic foot placement and sudden, uncontrolled ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruns_apraxia

Situated within the arbor vitae are the deep cerebellar nuclei; the dentate, globose, emboliform and the fastigial nuclei. ... Arbor vitae and cerebellar peduncles. Saladin, Keneth (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. New York ... In some ways it more resembles a fern and is present in both cerebellar hemispheres. It brings sensory and motor information to ... The arbor vitae /ˌɑːrbɔːr ˈvaɪtiː/ (Latin for "tree of life") is the cerebellar white matter, so called for its branched, tree- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbor_vitae_(anatomy)

These projections originate from various cerebellar nuclei and are glutamatergic. Given the cerebellar contributions to motor ... parafascicular nucleus and central lateral nucleus) and higher-order nuclei such as the lateral posterior nucleus. The zona ... Brainstem Zona incerta receives input from many parts of the brainstem nuclei including the periaqueductal gray, raphe nuclei, ... It is regulated by inputs from brainstem cholinergic nuclei such as the Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and pedunculopontine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_incerta

The fibers arise from the deep cerebellar nuclei. The middle cerebellar peduncle is connected to the pons and receives all of ... A climbing fiber gives off collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei before entering the cerebellar cortex, where it splits ... These are the superior cerebellar peduncle, the middle cerebellar peduncle and the inferior cerebellar peduncle, named by their ... one of the deep cerebellar nuclei) or to a few specific points in the cerebellar cortex would abolish learning of a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellum

Chan-Palay, Victoria (1977). Cerebellar dentate nucleus: organization, cytology and transmitters. Springer-Verlag. OCLC 2542632 ... Palay, Sanford L.; Chan-Palay, Victoria (1974). Cerebellar cortex: cytology and organization. Springer. ISBN 9783642655814. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Chan-Palay

Ouardouz M, Sastry BR (2000). "Mechanisms underlying LTP of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the deep cerebellar nuclei". ... and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Studies have demonstrated that VTA and NAc synapses are capable of undergoing LTP and that this ... induction of LTP in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala by stimulation of the medial geniculate body" (PDF). The Journal of ... that initiates gene expression in the cell nucleus. At the same synapse (but not the unstimulated synapse), local protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_potentiation

Similar abnormalities have been identified in the brainstem and cerebellar dentate nucleus. Signal intensity on a T2 image may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinic_semialdehyde_dehydrogenase_deficiency

In deep cerebellar nuclei, calcium currents are not uniformly distributed along a dendrite. The relative strength of LVA ... Spatial distribution of low- and high-voltage-activated calcium currents in neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei. Journal of ... For example, backward propagation of action potentials is very limited in cerebellar Purkinje cells but is quite prevalent in ... Electrophysiological properties of in vitro purkinje cell dendrites in mammalian cerebellar slices. Journal of Physiology 305: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendritic_spike

Purkinje neurons may utilise these bursting forms in information coding to the deep cerebellar nuclei. Action potential Central ... Cerebellar Purkinje neurons have been proposed to have two distinct bursting modes: dendritically driven, by dendritic Ca2+ ... "The Sodium-Potassium Pump Controls the Intrinsic Firing of the Cerebellar Purkinje Neuron". PLOS ONE. 7 (12): e51169. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursting

Ouardouz M, Sastry BR (2000). "Mechanisms underlying LTP of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the deep cerebellar nuclei". ... and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Studies have demonstrated that VTA and NAc synapses are capable of undergoing LTP[62] and that ... that initiates gene expression in the cell nucleus. At the same synapse (but not the unstimulated synapse), local protein ... "Synaptic plasticity in fear conditioning circuits: induction of LTP in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala by stimulation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_term_potentiation

"Purkinje cell BKchannel ablation induces abnormal rhythm in deep cerebellar nuclei and prevents Ltd". Scientific Reports. 8 (1 ... In 1986, he has discovered, together with E. Godaux, the localization of the oculomotor neural integrator (NI) in the nucleus ... "Cerebellar contribution to visuo-attentional alpha rhythm: insights from weightlessness". Cite journal requires ,journal= (help ... "Differential effect of injections of kainic acid into the prepositus and the vestibular nuclei of the cat". The Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Cheron

... vestibular nuclei, cerebellar vermis, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Inflammation associated with nerve cell destruction often ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio

"Modulatory effects of serotonin on GABAergic synaptic transmission and membrane properties in the deep cerebellar nuclei". ... "5-HT1B receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition of GABA release in the suprachiasmatic nucleus". Journal of Neurophysiology. 93 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP-93129

In particular, GABA concentrations decreased in the deep cerebellar nuclei, target of Purkinje axons, but not in cerebellar ... Dopamine transporter binding increased in deep cerebellar nuclei but decreased in the cerebellar molecular layer of Agtpbp1-pcd ... Non-NMDA receptor binding decreased in molecular and granule cell layers of the cerebellar cortex but not the deep nuclei of ... In line with the Purkinje cell loss, the number of GABAergic terminal boutons declined in deep cerebellar nuclei of Agtpbp1-pcd ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGTPBP1_(gene)

Revealing the cerebellar nuclei and their white matter connections". Anatomical Sciences Education. 7 (1): 47-55. doi:10.1002/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_matter_dissection

... to the cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle, and terminate in both the cerebellar nuclei, and at granule cells (GR) of ... Output from the interpositus nucleus includes projections to the red nucleus, and the red nucleus sends projections to the ... Climbing fibers ultimately project to both the deep cerebellar nuclei and Purkinje cells (PCs) in the cerebellar cortex. The ... cells of the cerebellar nuclei receive GABA-ergic inhibitory input from PCs of the cerebellar cortex. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyeblink_conditioning

"Neurochemical and morphological consequences of axon terminal degeneration in cerebellar deep nuclei of mice with inherited ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_terminal

"Broad therapeutic benefit after RNAi expression vector delivery to deep cerebellar nuclei: implications for spinocerebellar ... Holmes G (1908). "An Attempt to Classify Cerebellar Disease, with a Note on Marie's Hereditary Cerebellar Ataxia". Brain. 30 (4 ... "Progressive impairment of cerebellar mGluR signalling and its therapeutic potential for cerebellar ataxia in spinocerebellar ... This cerebellar dysfunction is progressive and permanent. First onset of symptoms is normally between 30 and 40 years of age, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocerebellar_ataxia_type_1

These include the sensorimotor cortices, deep cerebellar nuclei, cerebral peduncles, thalamus, hypothalamus, internal capsule, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_arteriovenous_malformation

"Role of GABAB receptors in GABA and baclofen-induced inhibition of adult rat cerebellar interpositus nucleus neurons in vitro ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABAB_receptor

Neuroanatomical structures affected include the oculomotor nucleus, red nucleus, corticospinal tracts and superior cerebellar ... Cerebellar ataxia: involuntary movements. Deep brain stimulation may provide relief from some symptoms of Benedikt syndrome, ... It is characterized by the presence of an oculomotor nerve (CN III) palsy and cerebellar ataxia including tremor and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikt_syndrome

... particularly in the pontine nuclei and the cerebellar dentate nuclei. Nuclei of cranial nerves, arcuate nuclei, and posterior ... The event of chromatolysis is also characterized by a prominent migration of the nucleus towards the periphery of the cell and ... The loss of staining begins near the nucleus and spreads toward the axon hillock. The basophilic rim is formed as chromatolysis ... In neurons receiving axonal transection, central chromatolysis is observed in the area between the nucleus and the axon hillock ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatolysis

... and feedback from deep cerebellar nuclei. Axons enter the cerebellum via the middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles, where ... some branch to make contact with deep cerebellar nuclei. They ascend into the white matter of the cerebellum, where each axon ... Climbing fiber Mossy fiber (hippocampus), which shares little similarity with its cerebellar namesake. Dale Purves; et al. ( ... Other contributors include the vestibular nerve and nuclei, the spinal cord, the reticular formation, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossy_fiber_(cerebellum)

Producing granule cells and five brainstem nuclei, the rhombic lip plays an important role in developing a complex cerebellar ... The other four nuclei (the external cuneate nucleus, the lateral reticular nucleus, the pontine nucleus, and the thalamic ... and deep cerebellar nuclei. Located between the fourth ventricle and the roofplate, the rhombic lip extends from r1-r8 and can ... Mossy fibers, which are mostly found in the precerebellar nuclei, make contact with granule cells in the IGL. Granule neurons ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhombic_lip

It was also found to be highly expressed in the Purkinje cells and cerebellar nuclei of the cortico-cerebellar circuits. High ... FOXP2 was also found in the medial geniculate nucleus of the mouse brain, which is the processing area that auditory inputs ... In a mouse FOXP2 gene knockouts, loss of both copies of the gene causes severe motor impairment related to cerebellar ... Mice that have the R552H point mutation carried by the KE family show cerebellar reduction and abnormal synaptic plasticity in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOXP2

There is dorsal fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, fusion of the dentate nuclei, and fusion of the middle cerebellar ... The cerebellar vermis is either absent or only partially formed, and fusion is seen in varying degree between the cerebellar ... hemispheres, fusion of the middle cerebellar peduncles, and fusion of the dentate nuclei. Findings range from mild truncal ... The degree of severity of this disorder is associated with the degree of maldevelopment of the cerebellar vermis. Aqueductal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhombencephalosynapsis

... nucleus raphes pontis, pontine nuclei, vestibular nucleus, inferior olive and the cerebellar dentate nucleus. The juvenile type ... subthalamic nucleus, thalamic intralaminar nucleus, lateral geniculate body, oculomotor nucleus, red nucleus, substantia nigra ... 2000). "Ubiquitinated filamentous inclusions in cerebellar dentate nucleus neurons in dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy ... cerebellar cortex and dentate nucleus, though the incidence of neurons with NIIs is low, roughly 1-3%. In DRPLA, the NIIs are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentatorubral–pallidoluysian_atrophy

... these axons synapse on cerebellar deep nuclei. This tract is known as the cuneocerebellar tract. Motor information travels from ... From here, the information is brought to deep nuclei of the cerebellum including the fastigial and interposed nuclei. From the ... either the nucleus gracilis or the nucleus cuneatus, depending on the pathway it took. At this point, the secondary axon leaves ... The midbrain nuclei include four motor tracts that send upper motor neuronal axons down the spinal cord to lower motor neurons ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord

Some of these structures include the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei, pontine cholinergic nuclei, some cerebellar nuclei, and ... nuclei. A comparison of peripherin expression in the posterior and lateral hypothalamus in mice showed a sixty-fold higher ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripherin

The auditory nerve then leads to several layers of synapses at numerous nuclei in the auditory brainstem. These nuclei are also ... Koeneke, Susan; Lutz, Kai; Wüstenberg, Torsten; Jäncke, Lutz (2004). "Long-term training affects cerebellar processing in ... Phase-locking to stimulus frequencies has been shown in the auditory nerve,[5][6] the cochlear nucleus,[5][7] the inferior ... Nucleus accumbens (a part of striatum) is involved in both music related emotions, as well as rhythmic timing. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_neuroscience_of_music

Additionally, analysis of the sub-cellular localization of JC CPN virions in nuclei, cytoplasm, and axons suggests that the ... ultimately causing severe cerebellar atrophy.[14] This syndrome, called JCV granule cell layer neuronopathy (JCV GCN), is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jc_virus

Knockout mice also exhibit cerebellar abnormalities and an increase in the number of sympathetic neurons.[20] ... TrkB inhibition results in a 2-3 fold increase in cortical precursors displaying EGFP-positive condensed apoptotic nuclei and a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BDNF

For example, in the solitary nucleus, the A-type potassium current is Kv4-mediated. Therefore, presence of AmmTX3 in the ... While AmmTX3 nearly completely blocks the transient component of the A-type potassium current in cerebellar granular neurons at ... solitary nucleus cells blocks the A-type potassium current almost completely. Similar effects have been found in the ... underlie A-currents with highly variable inactivation time courses but homogeneous other gating properties in the nucleus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmmTX3

Similar abnormalities have been identified in the brainstem and cerebellar dentate nucleus.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-hydroxybutyric_aciduria

Injuries to the brain and spinal cord, including cortex, subcortex, cerebellar, and even the neural pathway regions.[2] ... of the midbrain has been found at the level of the substantia nigra extended to the red nucleus and subthalamic nucleus, which ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stammer

Cerebellar granule cells receive excitatory input from 3 or 4 mossy fibers originating from pontine nuclei. Mossy fibers make ... Cerebellar granule cell[edit]. Main article: Cerebellar granule cell. The granule cells, produced by the rhombic lip, are found ... Dorsal cochlear nucleus granule cell[edit]. The granule cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus are small neurons with two or ... These granule cells receive excitatory input from mossy fibers originating from pontine nuclei. Cerebellar granule cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granule_cell

Cerebellar purjinke cells also reported a 40% downregulation, suggesting that affected cerebellar nuclei may disrupt output to ... Cerebellar disorders[edit]. Intracerebellar administration of GAD autoantibodies to animals increases the excitability of ... The bilateral delivery of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) by an adeno-associated viral vector into the subthalamic nucleus of ... Epitope recognition contributes to cerebellar involvement.[29] Reduced GABA levels increase glutamate levels as a consequence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAD_antibodies

Traynelis SF, Cull-Candy SG (May 1990). "Proton inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in cerebellar neurons". Nature. ... This allows the transcription factors in the nucleus to respond differently based in the phosphorylation state of Jacob.[57] ... This information is then transported to the nucleus. Phosphorylation of Jacob does not take place with extrasynaptic NMDA ... "Encoding and transducing the synaptic or extrasynaptic origin of NMDA receptor signals to the nucleus". Cell. 152 (5): 1119- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMDA_receptor

Louis ED, Zheng W, Mao X, Shungu DC (August 2007). "Blood harmane is correlated with cerebellar metabolism in essential tremor ... "Defective dentate nucleus GABA receptors in essential tremor". Brain. 135 (Pt 1): 105-16. doi:10.1093/brain/awr301. PMID ... Impairment of Purkinje synapses is a component of cerebellar degradation that could underlie essential tremor.[31] Some cases ... ET cases that progress to Parkinson's disease are less likely to have had cerebellar problems.[35] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_tremor

... the connections between the cerebellar Purkinje cells, and the lateral vestibular nucleus, and the vertical VOR. ... Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to be inhibitory for the commissures of the medial vestibular nucleus, ... tumors present in the cerebellopontine angle such as a vestibular schwannoma or cerebellar tumors,[9][11] epilepsy,[21] ... idiopathic asymmetric activation of the vestibular nuclei in the brainstem, and vasospasm of the blood vessels supplying the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertigo

Fan, H (2001). "Elimination of Bax expression in mice increases cerebellar Purkinje cell numbers but not the number of granule ... trigeminal nucleus, cerebellum, and spinal cord. However, PCD of neurons due to Bax deletion or Bcl-2 overexpression does not ... doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90266-6. Zanjani, HS (1996). "Increased cerebellar Purkinje cell numbers in mice overexpressing a ... by the formation of large vacuoles that eat away organelles in a specific sequence prior to the destruction of the nucleus.) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_cell_death

The nucleus ambiguus, which form the special visceral efferent.. *The dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve and the inferior salivatory ... Posterior inferior cerebellar artery: This is a major branch of the vertebral artery, and supplies the posterolateral part of ... They are caused by masses of gray matter known as the gracile nucleus and the cuneate nucleus. The soma (cell bodies) in these ... The basal plate neuroblasts will give rise to the motor nuclei.. *Alar plate neuroblasts give rise to: *The solitary nucleus, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulla_oblongata

... which carries the visual information to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, including those that reach over the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_retinal_artery

Mitochondria possess many of the same DNA repair pathways as nuclei do-but not all of them;[10] therefore, mutations occur more ... Cerebellar atrophy or hypoplasia has sometimes been reported to be associated.[8] ... "Cerebellar Ataxia in Patients with Mitochondrial DNA Disease". Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology. 71 (2): 148 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_disease

Talk:Accessory abducens nucleus. *Talk:Accessory cuneate nucleus. *Talk:Accessory facial motor nucleus ... Talk:Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia type 1. *Talk:Aurore Avarguès-Weber. B. *Talk:Basal dendrite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Stub-Class_neuroscience_articles

MSA with cerebellar features (MSA-C). MSA-C is defined as MSA where cerebellar ataxia predominates. It is sometimes termed ... immunoreactivity in fibrillary components of neuronal and oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions in the pontine nuclei in ... MSA-C, "c" = cerebellar dysfunction subtype Shy-Drager syndrome. characterized by Parkinsonism plus a more pronounced failure ... Both MRI and CT scanning frequently show a decrease in the size of the cerebellum and pons in those with cerebellar features ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_System_Atrophy

Neuroaxonal swellings are seen in the gracile and cuneate nuclei. Similar changes can be produced in rats and monkeys with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subacute_combined_degeneration_of_spinal_cord

Basal ganglia regions like the right globus pallidus, the right putamen, and the nucleus caudatus are structurally affected in ... Most of the candidate networks have focused on prefrontal-striatal-cerebellar circuits, although other posterior regions are ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/注意力不足過動症

Mink enteritis virus is similar in effect to feline panleukopenia, except that it does not cause cerebellar hypoplasia. A ... The mRNAs are transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm where the host ribosomes translate them into viral proteins. ... Once in the cytoplasm, the intact virus is translocated to the nucleus prior to uncoating. Transcription only initiates when ... Unlike plasma membrane infection plasticity, all strains of parvovirus show related routes to the cell nucleus. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvo

Addolorato G, Taranto C, Capristo E, Gasbarrini G (1998). «A case of marked cerebellar atrophy in a woman with anorexia nervosa ... Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus increases energy expenditure by elevating ...

https://no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoreksi

Role of GABAB receptors in GABA and baclofen-induced inhibition of adult rat cerebellar interpositus nucleus neurons in vitro ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABAB_receptor

nuclei（英語：List of thalamic nuclei）. *paired: AN（英語：Anterior nuclei of thalamus） ... 上小腦腳（英語：Superior cerebellar peduncle） *交叉（英語：Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles） ... VP（英語：Ventral posterior nucleus）/VPM（英語：Ventral posteromedial nucleus）/VPL（英語：Ventral posterolateral nucleus） ... 基底核的結構，在兩張腦的切面中展示。藍色：尾狀核（Caudate nucleus）、核殼（英語：putamen）；綠色：蒼白球（

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/腦

Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell. *Inferior olivary nucleus → ... The medial globus pallidus acts to tonically inhibit the ventral lateral nucleus and ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus. ... The medial globus pallidus (or internal globus pallidus, GPi) is one of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia (the other being ... Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_globus_pallidus

"Serotonin2A receptor-like immunoreactivity in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells". Neuroscience Letters. 252 (1): 72-4. doi:10.1016/ ... "Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder have increased 5-HT2A receptor binding in the caudate nuclei". The International ... Another PET study reported increased altanserin binding in the caudate nuclei in obsessive compulsive disorder patients ... "Evidence that 5-HT2A receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus mediate neuroendocrine responses to (-)DOI". The ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-HT2A_receptor

CLR - Cerebellar Locomotor Region. These centers are coordinated with the posture control systems in place in the cerebral ... "Imagined gait modulates neuronal network dynamics in the human pedunculopontine nucleus" (PDF). Nature Neuroscience. 17 (3): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gait_(human)

Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell. *Inferior olivary nucleus → ... pons: Cochlear nucleus (Anterior, Dorsal) → Trapezoid body → Superior olivary nuclei →. *midbrain: Lateral lemniscus → Inferior ... Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex ... Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_pathway

She distinguished from back to front the lemnical radiation and a particular nucleus, in front of it the cerebellar ( ... This was including the caudate nucleus, the putamen and the fundus. Eponym[edit]. The Vogt-Vogt syndrome is an extrapyramidal ... prelemniscal) radiation with another nucleus and more anteriorly the "lenticular" radiation. This system still describes the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Vogt

Inferior cerebellar peduncle *Vestibulocerebellar tract. *Medial longitudinal fasciculus *Vestibulospinal tract. *Medial ... Spinal trigeminal nucleus. The cranial nerve nuclei schematically represented; dorsal view. Motor nuclei in red; sensory in ... The spinal trigeminal nucleus is a nucleus in the medulla that receives information about deep/crude touch, pain, and ... This nucleus projects to the ventral posteriomedial (VPM) nucleus in the contralateral thalamus via the ventral trigeminal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus

The cerebellum has four deep cerebellar nuclei embedded in the white matter in its center. These nuclei receive inhibitory ( ... the term interposed nucleus is often used to refer collectively to these two nuclei. In general, each pair of deep nuclei is ... The vestibular nuclei in the brainstem are analogous structures to the deep nuclei, since they receive both mossy fiber and ... from the flocculonodular lobe synapse directly on vestibular nuclei without first passing through the deep cerebellar nuclei. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_cerebellar_nuclei

... are the target of the axons of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex. Each of these nuclei receives a projection from a ... The cerebellar nuclei, together with certain vestibular nuclei, ... Cerebellar Nuclei and the Inferior Olivary Nuclei: Organization ... Vestibular Nucleus Cerebellar Nucleus Inferior Olive Climbing Fiber Fastigial Nucleus These keywords were added by machine and ... The cerebellar nuclei, together with certain vestibular nuclei, are the target of the axons of the Purkinje cells of the ...

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-94-007-1333-8_19

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) of facial nucleus motoneurons evoked by stimulation of the cerebellar nuclei, were ... Peculiarities of cerebellar excitation of facial nucleus motoneurons.. Fanardjian VV, Manvelyan LR. ... the red nucleus it is suggested that this structure is implicated in the mechanisms and pathways through which the cerebellar ... It is shown that the stimulation of nucleus interpositus and dentatus evoked mono-, oligo- and polysynaptic EPSPs in facial ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6493608

Spontaneous firing of neurons isolated from the cerebellar nuclei. A, Representative isolated cerebellar nuclear neurons. Scale ... All cerebellar nuclear recordings were made from large neurons. For the ventral cochlear nucleus the entire nucleus was ... 1998) Rat cerebellar nuclei neurons exhibit slow cyclic firing patterns in vitro. Soc Neurosci Abstr 24:666. ... Cerebellar nuclei were dissected out of the slices with fine tungsten needles, and the tissue chunks were triturated with a ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/20/24/9004?ijkey=7d391f5909ff8c108f3591bb26634826d9d1b78d&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... to the nucleus lateralis and to the nucleus medialis. The projections to the various cerebellar nuclei arise from ... Projections of the basilar pontine nuclei and nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis to the cerebellar nuclei of the rat, The ... The Projections of the Lateral Reticular Nucleus to the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei. An Experimental Analysis in the Rat. Authors. * ... The projections of the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) to the cerebellar nuclei were studied using the retrograde axonal ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb00737.x/abstract

... interposed and lateral nucleus. Recent studies demonstrate that these nuclei play different roles in respiratory modulation. ... The cerebellum contains three deep nuclei, i.e., the fastigial, ... Role of the cerebellar deep nuclei in respiratory modulation ... The cerebellum contains three deep nuclei, i.e., the fastigial, interposed and lateral nucleus. Recent studies demonstrate that ... The fastigial nucleus contains respiratory-modulated neurons and about 25% of these neurons do not show their respiratory- ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12879972/?dopt=Abstract

... and the spinal cord with Purkinje cell output from cerebellar cortex and provide the major output of the cerebellum. Despite ... The deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) integrate inputs from the brain stem, the inferior olive, ... The deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) integrate inputs from the brain stem, the inferior olive, and the spinal cord with Purkinje ... Morphological and electrophysiological properties of GABAergic and non-GABAergic cells in the deep cerebellar nuclei J ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17093116/

2010) Differential olivo-cerebellar cortical control of rebound activity in the cerebellar nuclei. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107 ... Neurons in the cerebellar nuclei form the final stage of cerebellar processing. These spontaneously firing cells integrate ... Together, these data suggest that prolonged rebound firing in the cerebellar nuclei in vivo is most likely to occur when GABAA ... Neurons in the cerebellar nuclei fire at accelerated rates for prolonged periods after trains of synaptic inhibition that ...

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/31/28/10283.long

Involvement of cerebellar cortex and nuclei in the genesis and control of unconditioned and conditioned eyelid motor responses. ... but that cerebellar nuclei are directly involved in the performance of the late components of reflex lid movements and in the ... conditioned lid responses were recorded in alert cats in simultaneity with unitary and field electrical activity of cerebellar ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9193163?dopt=Abstract

They are arranged in the following order: dentate nuclei (the largest and most lateral) emboliform nuclei globose nuclei fasti ... The cerebellar nuclei comprise of 4 paired deep grey matter deep within the cerebellum near the fourth ventricle. ... fastigial nuclei (most medial). They receive inhibitory input from the axon of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and are ... The cerebellar nuclei comprise of 4 paired deep grey matter deep within the cerebellum near the fourth ventricle. They are ...

https://radiopaedia.org/articles/cerebellar-nuclei

Stimulation of cerebellar interpositus nucleus and fastigial nucleus could influence the neuronal activity of lateral ... interpasitus nucleus fastigial nucleus lateral hypothalamic area cerebella-hypothalamic projections cerebellar non-somatic ... Influences of cerebellar interpositus nucleus and fastigial nucleus on neuronal activity of lateral hypothalamic area. ... Stimulation of cerebellar interpositus nucleus and fastigial nucleus could influence the neuronal activity of lateral ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02882046

Intrinsic excitement in cerebellar nuclei neurons during learning. Publication. Publication. Proceedings of the National ... Canto, M.I, Broersen, R, & de Zeeuw, C.I. (2018). Intrinsic excitement in cerebellar nuclei neurons during learning. ...

https://repub.eur.nl/pub/110895

The MR signal enhancement in the deep cerebellar nuclei was monitored by weekly magnetic resonance imaging examinations. One ... Moderate Renal Failure Accentuates T1 Signal Enhancement in the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei of Gadodiamide-Treated Rats. ... the subtotal nephrectomy group presented a significantly higher T1 signal enhancement in the deep cerebellar nuclei and a major ...

https://insights.ovid.com/pubmed?PMID=28067754

Cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei are concomitantly activated during eyeblink conditioning: a 7T fMRI study in humans ... On the contrary, the present study confirms that the cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei are both vital in the ... The role of the cerebellar interpositus nucleus in short and long term memory for trace eyeblink conditioning ... Trace eyeblink conditioning is associated with changes in synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus ...

https://portlandpress.com/bioscirep/article/38/3/BSR20170335/57465/Trace-eyeblink-conditioning-is-associated-with

Dynamic modulation of activity in cerebellar nuclei neurons during pavlovian eyeblink conditioning in mice. Publication. ... Here, we evaluate the dynamics of cerebellar interpositus nucleus (IpN) neurons over the course of Pavlovian eyeblink ... Dynamic modulation of activity in cerebellar nuclei neurons during pavlovian eyeblink conditioning in mice. eLife, 6. doi: ... While research on the cerebellar cortex is crystallizing our understanding of its function in learning behavior, many questions ...

https://repub.eur.nl/pub/104446

Cerebellar Nucleus Neuron (Steuber, Schultheiss, Silver, De Schutter & Jaeger, 2010). Download zip file Help downloading and ... README for the cerebellar nucleus (CN) neuron model described in the paper: Volker Steuber, Nathan Schultheiss, R. Angus Silver ... This is the GENESIS 2.3 implementation of a multi-compartmental deep cerebellar nucleus (DCN) neuron model with a full ... Robust transmission in the inhibitory Purkinje Cell to Cerebellar Nuclei pathway (Abbasi et al 2017) ...

https://senselab.med.yale.edu/ModelDB/ShowModel?model=136175

The principal neurons of the cerebellar nuclei (CN), the sole output of the olivo-cerebellar system, receive a massive ... The principal neurons of the cerebellar nuclei (CN), the sole output of the olivo-cerebellar system, receive a massive ... GABAergic and glycinergic inputs of inhibitory interneurons and purkinje cells to principal cells of the cerebellar nuclei ZORA ... GABAergic and glycinergic inputs of inhibitory interneurons and purkinje cells to principal cells of the cerebellar nuclei. ...

https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/97768/

... compared with I/R group.Conclusion Fastigial nucleus stimulation inhibits NF-κB/p65 activation and TNF-a transcription,NF-κB/ ... Objective To investigate the mechanism of neuroprotection of cerebellar fastigial nucleus electrical stimulation(FNS) by means ... Effect of electrical stimulation to cerebellar fastigial nucleus on the protein and gene expressions of nuclear factor kappa B/ ... Objective To investigate the mechanism of neuroprotection of cerebellar fastigial nucleus electrical stimulation(FNS) by means ...

http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-YNBZ201703021.htm

3 . Steuber V, Jaeger D (2013) Modeling the generation of output by the cerebellar nuclei. Neural Netw 47:112-9 [PubMed] 4 . ... Robust transmission in the inhibitory Purkinje Cell to Cerebellar Nuclei pathway (Abbasi et al 2017). Robust transmission in ... Robust transmission in the inhibitory Purkinje Cell to Cerebellar Nuclei pathway (Abbasi et al 2017). Robust transmission in ... Robust transmission in the inhibitory Purkinje Cell to Cerebellar Nuclei pathway (Abbasi et al 2017). ...

https://senselab.med.yale.edu/ModelDB/ShowModel.cshtml?model=229279&file=%2Fcodes%2Fpandora-matlab-1.4compat2%2Fclasses%2F%40doc_generate%2FgetTeXString.m

... receptors at 31-33 degrees C in cerebellar nuclear neurons acutely dissociated from mice. Currents were evoked by rapid ... Neurons of the cerebellar nuclei receive GABAergic input from Purkinje cells. Purkinje boutons have several closely spaced ... Noradrenergic Control of Neuronal Firing in Cerebellar Nuclei: Modulation of GABA Responses. *Michela Di Mauro, Guido Li Volsi ... Neurons of the cerebellar nuclei receive GABAergic input from Purkinje cells. Purkinje boutons have several closely spaced ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/GABAA-receptor-kinetics-in-the-cerebellar-nuclei%3A-Pugh-Raman/45264e2df4dbc1db892adfbf548064311a473fbe

Though the role of fastigial nucleus (FN) and ve.. ... of posterior part of cerebellar vermis and fastigial nuclei on ... Though the role of fastigial nucleus (FN) and vestibulocerebellum on immunomodulation has been investigated, the results are ...

https://www.alliedacademies.org/abstract/effects-of-lesion-of-posterior-part-of-cerebellar-vermis-and-fastigial-nuclei-on-some-immune-responses-in-male-rats-5162.html

Histochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase in the deep cerebellar nuclei of the rat Petrali, Elena Harriet ... Following standardization of the method the localization of the enzyme was studied in the deep cerebellar nuclei. A series of ... Following standardization of the method the localization of the enzyme was studied in the deep cerebellar nuclei. A series of ... Histochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase in the deep cerebellar nuclei of the rat ...

https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/831/items/1.0101559

... neurons to the deep cerebellar nuclei (CN) was investigated in the rat by reconstructing single axons that were labeled with ... Synaptic excitation by climbing fibre collaterals in the cerebellar nuclei of juvenile and adult mice.. *Marion Najac, Indira M ... Projection of inferior olive (IO) neurons to the deep cerebellar nuclei (CN) was investigated in the rat by reconstructing ... UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Inhibitory Neural Coding in the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei by Steven Dykstra A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Morphology-of-axon-collaterals-of-single-climbing-Sugihara-Wu/20fc6ec9223b03e9aca592654c627993325597cd

Antonyms for cerebellar nucleus. 19 synonyms for nucleus: centre, heart, focus, basis, core, pivot, kernel, nub, bud, embryo, ... germ, kernel, seed, spark, cell nucleus, karyon, core, core group. What are synonyms for cerebellar nucleus? ... Cerebellar nucleus synonyms, cerebellar nucleus antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com https://www.freethesaurus.com/cerebellar+nucleus ... nucleus. (redirected from cerebellar nucleus). Also found in: Dictionary, Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia. #vtZoom,.vt-link{cursor ...

https://www.freethesaurus.com/cerebellar+nucleus

... basal nucleus explanation free. What is basal nucleus? Meaning of basal nucleus medical term. What does basal nucleus mean? ... Looking for online definition of basal nucleus in the Medical Dictionary? ... Central nucleus of the thalamus.. cerebellar nucleus. One of the four deep (i.e., below the cerebellar cortex) nuclei of each ... Synonym: nucleus caudatus; intraventricular nucleus. nucleus caudatus. Caudate nucleus.. cell nucleus. Nucleus (2).. central ...

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/basal+nucleus

Vestibular Nuclei and Their Cerebellar Connections. Barmack, Neal H.. Pages 69-78 ... Essentials provides a solid grounding in the field of cerebellar research and ataxiology from cerebellar circuity to clinical ... Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders. Book Subtitle. A Primer For Graduate Students. Editors. * Donna L. Gruol ... Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders. A Primer For Graduate Students. Editors: Gruol, D.L., Koibuchi, N., Manto, M ...

http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319245492

It is based on the 4-volume treatise, Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders (Springer, 2013), the definitive ... Essentials of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders is the first book of its kind written specifically for graduate students ... Vestibular Nuclei and Their Cerebellar Connections. Pages 69-78. Barmack, Neal H. ... Essentials provides a solid grounding in the field of cerebellar research and ataxiology from cerebellar circuity to clinical ...

https://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319245492

Glutamatergic cerebellar nuclei. (GluCN). Also referred to as deep cerebellar nuclei. Cells that function (along with GABAergic ... UBCs). Rare glutamatergic interneurons found in the cerebellar cortex and in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Recent studies have ... Concerted microRNA control of Hedgehog signalling in cerebellar neuronal progenitor and tumour cells. EMBO J. 27, 2616-2627 ( ... Role of the miR-17 approximately 92 cluster family in cerebellar and medulloblastoma development. Biol. Open 3, 597-605 (2014). ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41568-019-0223-8?error=cookies_not_supported&code=fc95a888-face-4171-a444-aa700121f21e

We suggest that by bridging the motor and nonmotor systems, the cerebellar FN may help to integrate somatic motor and ... Furthermore, through topographic connections with extensive nonmotor systems, including visceral related nuclei in the ... is the phylogenetically oldest nucleus in the cerebellum, a classical subcortical motor coordinator. As one of the ultimate ... proximal and ocular motor control by projecting to the medial descending systems and eye movement related nuclei. ...

https://cerebellumandataxias.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40673-016-0047-1

As US, we used stimulation of climbing fibers (CF) or the periorbital skin (eye). CN, cerebellar nuclei; GC, granule cells; NO ... 2013) Consensus paper: Current views on the role of cerebellar interpositus nucleus in movement control and emotion. Cerebellum ... A Purkinje cell initiates behavior by disinhibiting the cerebellar nuclei, allowing them to initiate motor activity (37). ... B) Examples of field potentials elicited on the cerebellar cortex following stimulation of cerebellar afferents. (C) A Purkinje ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/112/45/14060?ijkey=5472eacb2bd42580d2d22e6026ca3e06d8811a31&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Alonso A, Blanco MJ, Paino CL, Rubia FJ (1986) Distribution of neurons in the main cuneate nucleus projecting to the inferior olive in the cat. (springer.com)
Neurons of the cerebellar nuclei fire spontaneous action potentials both in vitro , with synaptic transmission blocked, and in vivo , in resting animals, despite ongoing inhibition from spontaneously active Purkinje neurons. (jneurosci.org)
We have studied the intrinsic currents of cerebellar nuclear neurons isolated from the mouse, with an interest in understanding how these currents generate spontaneous activity in the absence of synaptic input as well as how they allow firing to continue during basal levels of inhibition. (jneurosci.org)
Thus the observed spontaneous firing of cerebellar nuclear neurons apparently persists even during what must be a considerable barrage of inhibition. (jneurosci.org)
The projections to the various cerebellar nuclei arise from rostrocaudally oriented columns of neurons located in different (partly overlapping) areas of the magnocellular division of the LRN. (wiley.com)
The projections to the nucleus lateralis reach principally the dorsolateral hump, whereas only a few neurons project to the other divisions (parvo- and magnocellular). (wiley.com)
Stimulation of cerebellar interpositus nucleus and fastigial nucleus could influence the neuronal activity of lateral hypothalamic area in the cat, and some of the neurons which respond to the cerebellar stimulations are glucose-sensitive neurons. (springer.com)
The fastigial nucleus contains respiratory-modulated neurons and about 25% of these neurons do not show their respiratory-related phasic activity until exposed to hypercapnia. (nih.gov)
However, there is evidence to show that the interposed nucleus contains respiratory-modulated neurons and is involved in coughing motor control. (nih.gov)
Neurons in the cerebellar nuclei fire at accelerated rates for prolonged periods after trains of synaptic inhibition that interrupt spontaneous firing. (jneurosci.org)
Neurons in the cerebellar nuclei form the final stage of cerebellar processing. (jneurosci.org)
Here, we evaluate the dynamics of cerebellar interpositus nucleus (IpN) neurons over the course of Pavlovian eyeblink conditioning. (eur.nl)
These findings highlight the integrative properties of subcortical neurons at the cerebellar output stage mediating conditioned behavior. (eur.nl)
The principal neurons of the cerebellar nuclei (CN), the sole output of the olivo-cerebellar system, receive a massive inhibitory input from Purkinje cells (PCs) of the cerebellar cortex. (uzh.ch)
Neurons of the cerebellar nuclei receive GABAergic input from Purkinje cells. (semanticscholar.org)
To test whether such local spillover may contribute to transmission, we studied gating of GABA(A) receptors at 31-33 degrees C in cerebellar nuclear neurons acutely dissociated from mice. (semanticscholar.org)
Projection of inferior olive (IO) neurons to the deep cerebellar nuclei (CN) was investigated in the rat by reconstructing single axons that were labeled with biotinylated dextran amine injected into the IO. (semanticscholar.org)
Here we study responses of neurons with no eye movement sensitivity in the vestibular (VN) and rostral fastigial nuclei (FN) using high-frequency (2 Hz) oscillatory translational motion stimuli. (wustl.edu)
Some cerebellar nuclei (CN) neurons project to these brain areas, as explained further in Fig. 2.6 in Chapter 2. (herts.ac.uk)
Long-term potentiation (LTP) of mossy fiber EPSCs in the cerebellar nuclei is certainly controlled by synaptic inhibition from Purkinje neurons. (capecodmushroom.org)
To determine whether the neurogenetic patterns of Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclei neurons were normal in weaver homozygotes and whether the degeneration of those neuronal types was linked to their time of origin, [ 3 H] thymidine autoradiography was applied on sections of homozygous weaver mice and normal controls on postnatal day 90. (elsevier.com)
The results show that the onset of neurogenesis, its pattern of peaks and valleys, and its total span were similar between wild type and homozygous weaver in the cerebellar areas analyzed, indicating that the loss of Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclei neurons is not related to neurogenetic patterns. (elsevier.com)
In weaver homozygotes, the loss of Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclei neurons followed a lateral to medial gradient of increasing severity. (elsevier.com)
We investigated whether the medullary cerebrovasodilator area (MCVA), a region of ventral medulla mediating elevations of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and electroencephalogram (EEG) synchronization elicited in cerebral cortex from stimulation of reticulospinal neurons of rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), also mediates comparable responses from the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN). (houstonmethodist.org)
For this ERC funded project Zhenyu Gao will focus on deciphering the anatomical, physiological and molecular properties of cerebellar nuclei neurons. (eur.nl)
Furthermore, the different interneuron phenotypes must be produced in precise quantities: for each interneuron of the cerebellar nuclei there are about 35 Golgi cells, and 950 basket and stellate neurons ( Altman and Bayer, 1997 ). (biologists.org)
Cerebellar neurogenesis is compartmentalized, with progenitors located in the cerebellar ventricular zone (cbVZ) giving rise to all GABAergic neurons, including Purkinje cells (PCs), and rhombic lip (RL) precursors producing glutamatergic neurons, including granule cells (GCs) ( Carletti and Rossi, 2008 ). (biologists.org)
Parkinson's disease results in the loss of dopaminergic neurons from what nucleus? (sporcle.com)
Dysfunction of parvalbumin neurons in the cerebellar nuclei produces an action tremor. (stanford.edu)
Combining brain region-specific and cell type-specific genetic manipulation methods, we found that deletion of synaptotagmin-2 from excitatory parvalbumin-positive neurons in cerebellar nuclei was sufficient to generate an action tremor. (stanford.edu)
The synaptotagmin-2 deletion converted synchronous into asynchronous neurotransmitter release in projections from cerebellar nuclei neurons onto gigantocellular reticular nucleus neurons, which might produce an action tremor by causing signal oscillations during movement. (stanford.edu)
Thus, the amygdala inhibitory input to parvalbumin-positive neurons in the zona incerta, a nucleus not previously implicated in fear memory, is an essential component of the fear memory circuitry. (stanford.edu)
TTBK2 and primary cilia are essential for the connectivity and survival of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. (bioportfolio.com)
The first born excitatory cerebellar nuclei neurons influence the survival of their Purkinje cell partners which stimulate the expansion of granule cells and interneurons to produce functional local circuits. (elifesciences.org)

These nuclei receive inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs from Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and excitatory (glutamatergic) inputs from mossy fiber and climbing fiber pathways. (wikipedia.org)
The vestibular nuclei in the brainstem are analogous structures to the deep nuclei, since they receive both mossy fiber and Purkinje cell inputs. (wikipedia.org)
The cerebellar nuclei, together with certain vestibular nuclei, are the target of the axons of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex. (springer.com)
Each of these nuclei receives a projection from a longitudinal Purkinje cell zone. (springer.com)
Additionally, the fastigial nucleus receives inhibitory inputs primarily from Purkinje cells located in the medial vermis and recent observations indicate that simulation of these Purkinje cells inhibits respiration. (nih.gov)
The deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) integrate inputs from the brain stem, the inferior olive, and the spinal cord with Purkinje cell output from cerebellar cortex and provide the major output of the cerebellum. (nih.gov)
These spontaneously firing cells integrate synaptic inhibition from Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex with synaptic excitation from mossy fibers and inferior olivary fibers to generate the sole output of the cerebellum. (jneurosci.org)
They receive inhibitory input from the axon of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and are, along with the lateral vestibular nuclei (which also receives inhibitory input from Purkinje cells), the sole output of the cerebellar cortex 1,2 . (radiopaedia.org)
Adaptive facilitatory responses are often preceded by acquired transient inhibition of IpN activity that, based on latency and effect, appear to be driven by complex spikes in cerebellar cortical Purkinje cells. (eur.nl)
Purkinje cell ensembles organized in cerebellar lobules and rostro-caudal stripes process information related to different sensory modalities and body parts 13 . (nature.com)
Purkinje cell axons converge onto the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), and elicit a time-locked firing response when Purkinje cells are synchronized 16 . (nature.com)
A bidirectional long-term plasticity rule implemented at parallel fibers-Purkinje cell synapses modulated the output activity in the deep cerebellar nuclei. (plos.org)
Although we are beginning to understand how Purkinje cell zones form, our understanding of how the cerebellar cortical circuit is assembled into zonal connectivity patterns remains unclear. (frontiersin.org)
By serving as the sole output of the cerebellar cortex, integrating a myriad of afferent stimuli, Purkinje cells (PCs) constitute the principal neuron in cerebellar circuits. (biologists.org)
7 8 9 10 11 Histopathologic studies show loss of Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclei, faulty decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle, and hypoplasia of the inferior olives and other brain stem nuclei. (arvojournals.org)
Purkinje cells are the sole output of the cerebellar cortex: they project inhibitory signals to the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), which have a critical role in cerebellar function and motor performance. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Developmental Rewiring between Cerebellar Climbing Fibers and Purkinje Cells Begins with Positive Feedback Synapse Addition. (bioportfolio.com)
During postnatal development, cerebellar climbing fibers alter their innervation strengths onto supernumerary Purkinje cell targets, generating a one-to-few connectivity pattern in adulthood. (bioportfolio.com)
The three layers of the cerebellar cortex are the inner granular layer (which contains mostly granular cells plus the cell bodies of Golgi cells), the middle Purkinje layer (which only contains Purkinje cells), and the outer molecular layer (which includes the stellate and basket cells). (microscopyu.com)
Here we show that Calb1 expression is significantly reduced in a subset of the Purkinje cells that is almost aligned with the cerebellar zones and stripes pattern. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Cross-section of human cerebellum, showing the dentate nucleus, as well as fourth ventricle Cross-section of human cerebellum, showing the dentate nucleus and cross-section of vermis The dentate nuclei are deep within the lateral hemispheres, the interposed nuclei are located in the paravermal (intermediate) zone, and the fastigial nuclei are in the vermis. (wikipedia.org)
These structural relationships are generally maintained in the neuronal connections between the nuclei and associated cerebellar cortex, with the dentate nucleus receiving most of its connections from the lateral hemispheres, the interposed nuclei receiving inputs mostly from the paravermis, and the fastigial nucleus receiving primarily afferents from the vermis. (wikipedia.org)
Andersson G, Eriksson L (1981) Spinal, trigeminal, and cortical climbing fibre paths to the lateral vermis of the cerebellar anterior lobe in the cat. (springer.com)
Andersson G, Oscarsson O (1978) Climbing fiber microzones in cerebellar vermis and their projection to different groups of cells in the lateral vestibular nucleus. (springer.com)
Thus, the vermis and the fastigial nucleus, which are medially located, presented the most important neuron loss, whereas in the lateral hemisphere and the dentate nucleus, neuron loss was spared. (elsevier.com)
MR imaging lesions in the vermis or cerebellar cortex were seen at some point (day 5 to 1 year) in 10 patients. (ajnr.org)
1 2 3 4 5 6 Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals the characteristic molar tooth sign, a term that refers to the appearance of the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)-filled interpeduncular fossa, hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, and horizontally oriented and thick superior cerebellar peduncles. (arvojournals.org)
But during orgasm, the cerebellar deep nuclei and vermis, also in the cerebellum, glow. (scientificamerican.com)
Mutations in CHD7, which cause CHARGE syndrome, cause a reduction in FGF8 signalling and subsequent abnormalities in the cerebellar vermis in both mice and humans. (elifesciences.org)

The results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the patient's brain were reported to be normal, although, in retrospect, faint hyperintensities within the dentate nuclei could be seen on the T 2 -weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) scans. (cmaj.ca)
Repeat T 2 -weighted FLAIR MRI showed obvious bilateral symmetric hyperintensities within the dentate nuclei of the cerebellum ( Figure 1A ). (cmaj.ca)
A repeat MRI scan of the patient's brain showed complete resolution of signal changes within the dentate nuclei ( Figure 1B ). (cmaj.ca)
An MRI scan of her brain taken about 2 months after the onset of this syndrome showed abnormal signal within the cerebellar dentate nuclei bilaterally on T 2 -weighted FLAIR imaging ( Figure 1C ), which was virtually identical to the findings for patient 1. (cmaj.ca)
A reversible cerebellar syndrome with characteristic cerebellar dentate nuclei lesions on T 2 -weighted FLAIR MRI scans has been attributed to metronidazole use, as described for our 2 patients and by others. (cmaj.ca)
The incidences of neuronal loss and gliosis in the inferior olivary and dentate nuclei, critical cerebellar input and output structures, respectively were higher in CHI compared to control cases and may represent a transsynpatic degenerative process. (biomedcentral.com)
Dentate nuclei are well preserved. (medscape.com)
Clusters were also located in pontine and dentate nuclei, prominent points of convergence for cerebellar input and output, respectively. (google.com)
We evaluated the following dentatothalamic constituents: bilateral dentate nuclei, cerebellar white matter, and superior cerebellar peduncles. (mendeley.com)
Serial dentate nuclei volumes were also obtained and compared with the patient's baseline. (mendeley.com)
However, chronic volume loss and reduced mean diffusivity were observed in the dentate nuclei and did not reverse. (mendeley.com)
However, the dentate nuclei did not show tensor or volumetric recovery, suggesting that the injury may be chronic. (mendeley.com)

One exception is that fibers from the flocculonodular lobe synapse directly on vestibular nuclei without first passing through the deep cerebellar nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
Angaut P, Brodal A (1967) The projection of the "vestibulocerebellum" onto the vestibular nuclei in the cat. (springer.com)
Barmack NH, Fredette BJ, Mugnaini E (1998) Parasolitary nucleus: a source of GABAergic vestibular information to the inferior olive of rat and rabbit. (springer.com)
The superior vestibular nucleus. (thefreedictionary.com)
Our findings suggest that substantial pooling and/or selective decoding of vestibular signals from the vestibular and deep cerebellar nuclei may be important components of further processing. (wustl.edu)
ascending axons from the medial vestibular nucleus project where? (flashcardmachine.com)

The editors are world leaders in the field, and the chapters are authored by an international panel of experts drawn from ataxia clinics and cerebellar laboratories throughout North America, Europe and Asia. (springer.com)
Clinicians are expected to have a deep appreciation of cerebellar disorders, not only in specialized ataxia clinics but also in adult and pediatric neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and neuropsychology practices, and in outpatient and inpatient rehabilitation settings. (springer.com)
To investigate whether Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) and cerebellar ataxia (CA) are associated with distinct GAD65-Ab epitope specificities and neuronal effects. (biomedcentral.com)
By contrast, GAD65-Ab from a patient with cerebellar ataxia (Ab CA) markedly decreased the NMDA-mediated turnover of glycerol. (biomedcentral.com)
The results of a thorough work-up for cerebellar disorders were negative: nutritional causes (vitamin B 12 and vitamin E deficiencies) and genetic disorders (Friedreich ataxia, spinocerebellar ataxias 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis) were ruled out. (cmaj.ca)
About 3 weeks after initiation of metronidazole (500 mg twice a day, cumulative dose of about 25 g), she developed a cerebellar syndrome with cerebellar dysarthria, dysmetria and gait ataxia. (cmaj.ca)
4 - 7 Patients usually present with cerebellar dysarthria and ataxia that may occasionally fluctuate, as in our first patient. (cmaj.ca)
Cerebellar ataxia is a common finding in patients seen in neurologic practice and has a wide variety of causes [ 1 ]. (uptodate.com)
Here we set out to briefly describe the clinical/anatomic correlates of cerebellar disease, to provide a broad differential diagnosis for patients who present with cerebellar ataxia, and to provide a methodological approach to the evaluation of patients with cerebellar signs. (uptodate.com)
A special emphasis is placed on causes of cerebellar ataxia, both acquired and genetic, that are reversible when timely therapy is initiated. (uptodate.com)
SYNE1-related autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia. (uptodate.com)
Recent evidences support the notion that an increase in DCN excitability may be an important step in the development of cerebellar ataxia and point to the underlying molecular mechanisms: the inhibition of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels, that causes an increase of the firing frequency in DCN, correlates with cerebellar ataxia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The rationale of the present project is that SK channel openers, such as riluzole, may have a beneficial effect on cerebellar ataxia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The researchers propose to perform a pilot study investigating safety and efficacy of riluzole, an approved treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as a symptomatic approach in patients with chronic cerebellar ataxia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Forty patients with chronic cerebellar ataxia will be enrolled in a double-bind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. (clinicaltrials.gov)
At the same time points the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) for pharmacological assessment of the cerebellar syndrome will be administered to the two groups (riluzole and placebo) of patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Cerebellar ataxia is a form of ataxia originating in the cerebellum. (bioportfolio.com)
Cerebellar ataxia can occur as a result of many diseases and may present with symptoms of an inability to coordinate ba. (bioportfolio.com)
Skre H, Berg K. Cerebellar ataxia and total albinism: a kindred suggesting pleitotropism or linkage. (medscape.com)

The bed nuclei lie lateral to the columns of the fornix and dorsal to the anterior commissure. (thefreedictionary.com)
Here, we elaborate the cell-type specificity of a broad connectivity matrix from the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) to the dorsal striatum in mice. (nature.com)
13) and medulla with dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and hypoglossal nucleus. (thefreedictionary.com)
The spinal nucleus of CN V mediates facial pain and temperature, and is the largest nucleus extending from the dorsal aspect of the pons into the upper cervical cord. (thefreelibrary.com)
Neuron loss and accumulation of cytoplasmic vacuoles is observed in layers 4 and 5 of the cortex, deep cerebellar nuclei, and dorsal root ganglia. (jax.org)

This is the GENESIS 2.3 implementation of a multi-compartmental deep cerebellar nucleus (DCN) neuron model with a full dendritic morphology and appropriate active conductances. (yale.edu)
README for the cerebellar nucleus (CN) neuron model described in the paper: Volker Steuber, Nathan Schultheiss, R. Angus Silver, Erik De Schutter & Dieter Jaeger (2010). (yale.edu)
5 . Luthman J, Hoebeek FE, Maex R, Davey N, Adams R, De Zeeuw CI, Steuber V (2011) STD-dependent and independent encoding of input irregularity as spike rate in a computational model of a cerebellar nucleus neuron. (yale.edu)
Neuron depletion in the DCN was regionally variable and followed a mediolateral axis of involvement that was greatest in the fastigial nucleus, lesser in the interpositus and negligible in the dentate nucleus. (uab.cat)
The total volume and total neuron number of deep cerebellar nuclei were assessed using Cavalieri and optical disector methods , respectively. (bvsalud.org)
The transcription factor Olig3 safeguards the correct specification of early born cerebellar neuron derivatives and curtails an inhibitory interneuron differentiation program. (elifesciences.org)

The progenitors of cerebellar GABAergic interneurons proliferate up to postnatal development in the prospective white matter, where they give rise to different neuronal subtypes, in defined quantities and according to precise spatiotemporal sequences. (biologists.org)
We demonstrate that, in the absence of Neurog2 , both cell-cycle progression and neuronal output are significantly affected, leading to an overall reduction of the mature cerebellar volume. (biologists.org)
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Each of these cerebellar and brain stem regions contain neuronal ensembles that influence specific types of oculomotor behavior. (arvojournals.org)
The inferior olivary nuclei showed significantly more neuronal loss in CHI (10/17, 59%) than in control cases (5/26, 19%) (p = 0.0077). (biomedcentral.com)
CHI occurs during a critical developmental period and may render the cerebellum vulnerable to additional deficits if cerebellar growth and neuronal connectivity are not established as expected. (biomedcentral.com)
Other critical developmental events occurring in this time period include granule cell migration and the early establishment of cerebellar neuronal circuitry. (biomedcentral.com)
Major neuronal loss occurs in the inferior olivary, arcuate, and pontine nuclei. (medscape.com)

Middle cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to the pons and are composed entirely of centripetal fibers. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, increased disease duration correlated significantly with increased Trace (D) values in the pons of patients with MSA-P and in the cerebellum and middle cerebellar peduncle of patients with MSA-C. (medscape.com)
In the pons, approximately at the level of the cisternal segment of CN V, the primary sensory nucleus mediates facial tactile sensation, and the motor nucleus innervates the muscles of the first branchial arch (Figure 1) (2). (thefreelibrary.com)

The nucleus lateralis receives terminals from the dorsomedial area (mainly from the rostral level of the LRN), the nuclei interpositalis from the dorsolateral area (mainly from the central level) and the nucleus medialis from the intermedioventral area (mainly from the caudal level). (wiley.com)
The presence of choline acetyltransferase was used as a direct indication of a cholinergic neurone, and was found predominantly in the cells in the ventral portion of the lateral nucleus, on the border of the interpositus and lateral nuclei and in the caudal portion of the medial nucleus. (ubc.ca)
C: Describe the 3 Cerebellar Peduncles and what their attached to D: Which Cerebellar Peduncle DECUSSATES in the Caudal Midbrain? (brainscape.com)

A long, thin nucleus of the branchial motor column in the medulla. (thefreedictionary.com)
Inferior cerebellar peduncle is a thick rope-like strand that occupies the upper part of the posterior district of the medulla oblongata. (wikipedia.org)
The sensory trigeminal nerve nucleus is the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extends through the whole of the brainstem , midbrain to medulla . (bionity.com)

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) of facial nucleus motoneurons evoked by stimulation of the cerebellar nuclei, were studied in anesthetized cats. (nih.gov)
Therefore, hyperpolarization induced by synaptic inhibition positively settings excitatory synaptic plasticity in the cerebellar nuclei. (capecodmushroom.org)

citation needed] From lateral to medial, the four deep cerebellar nuclei are the dentate, emboliform, globose, and fastigii. (wikipedia.org)
Some animals, including humans, do not have distinct emboliform and globose nuclei, instead having a single, fused interposed nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
In animals with distinct emboliform and globose nuclei, the term interposed nucleus is often used to refer collectively to these two nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
The fastigial nucleus (FN), together with the interposed nucleus (in humans, emboliform and globose nuclei) and the dentate nucleus, constitutes the cerebellar nuclei, the final integrated nodes and outputs of the cerebellum except the flocculonodular lobe. (biomedcentral.com)
the cerebellorubral fibers from the globose and emboliform nuclei, the dentatothalamic fibers from the dentate nucleus, and the fastigioreticular fibers from the fastigial nucleus. (wikipedia.org)

In the present study, we used immunohistochemical techniques to assess changes in Syn expression in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus (IN) of guinea pigs exposed to TEBC and pseudoconditioning. (portlandpress.com)
Lesion experiments show that the establishment and expression of EBC depend on the integrity of the cerebellar interpositus nucleus (IN) [ 6 , 7 ]. (portlandpress.com)

The MCVA is a novel region of medullary reticular formation mediating actions of medullary and cerebellar centers on rCBF and EEG to link visceral centers of brainstem and cerebral cortex. (houstonmethodist.org)
The superior cerebellar peduncles (brachia conjunctiva) emerge from the cerebellum and ascend to form the lateral portion of the roof of the fourth ventricle, where they enter the brainstem below the inferior colliculi. (wikipedia.org)
In the brainstem, there are three sensory and one motor trigeminal nuclei (2, 3). (thefreelibrary.com)
In the midbrain, it originates in the red nucleus, crosses to the other side of the midbrain, and descends in the lateral part of the brainstem tegmentum . (bionity.com)

There are six cerebellar peduncles in total, three on each side: Superior cerebellar peduncle is a paired structure of white matter that connects the cerebellum to the mid-brain. (wikipedia.org)
A study using diffusion-weighted MRI showed that patients with MSA with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P) had significantly higher Trace (D) values in the entire and anterior putamen, whereas patients with MSA with cerebellar features (MSA-C) had significantly higher Trace (D) values in the cerebellum and middle cerebellar peduncle. (medscape.com)
axons of these cells exit the cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle. (drugs.com)

Connectivity between the lateral (dentate) deep cerebellar nucleus and basal ganglia via intralaminar nuclei (ILN) of the thalamus was first reported using chemical tracers in rats 19 . (nature.com)
The dentatothalamic fibers also cross over and ascend to synapse in the ventral intermediate (VI) and ventral anterior (VA) nuclei of the thalamus. (wikipedia.org)
of serotonin synthesis were found in frontal cortex, thalamus, and dentate nucleus of the cerebellum in all 7. (wikigenes.org)

Several neurodegenerative cerebellar ataxias feature a selective cell-autonomous loss of PCs, warranting the development of regenerative strategies. (biologists.org)
The nosology of cerebellar degenerations, which has been the subject of much debate for over a century, is presently a dynamic field, with new entities being recognized and old "classic ataxias" being redefined in the light of new genetic evidence. (booktopia.com.au)
The hereditary cerebellar ataxias include diverse neurodegenerative disorders. (bioportfolio.com)
Neurodegenerative cerebellar ataxias represent a group of disabling disorders for which we currently lack effective therapies. (bioportfolio.com)
The clinical features and classification of the late onset autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias. (medscape.com)

Afferent fibres from the small subtrigeminal division were traced to the three cerebellar nuclei and from the parvocellular division to the nuclei interpositalis and medialis. (wiley.com)
The regions of the magnocellular division of the LRN which project to the nuclei lateralis (and are thus related to the cerebral cortex), interpositalis (related to the red nucleus) and medialis (related to the spinal cord) also receive afferent terminals from the cerebral cortex, the red nucleus and the spinal cord respectively, in addition to various afferent inputs. (wiley.com)
6. Efferent and afferent connections of the cerebellar cortex: corticonuclear, olivocerebellar and mossy fiber connections and cytochemical maps. (elsevier.com)

As a consequence, the progenitor pool is precociously exhausted and the number of interneurons is significantly reduced, although molecular layer interneurons are more affected than those of granular layer or deep nuclei. (biologists.org)
Temporal-spacial relationships between facial stimulation-evoked filed potential responses in mouse cerebellar granular layer and molecular layer. (bioportfolio.com)

The most rostral of the thalamic nuclei. (thefreedictionary.com)
El nucleo parabraquial y el nucleo del tracto solitario envian proyecciones a la region rostral ventrolateral del bulbo, la sustancia gris periacueductal, locus coeruleus , los nucleos del rafe magno, con lo cual se integran las vias del dolor en diferentes areas [11,14]. (thefreedictionary.com)

Pontine Nuclei, In M Aminoff & RB Daroff (ed. (uio.no)
Cat pontocerebellar network: numerical capacity and axonal collateral branching of neurones in the pontine nuclei projecting to individual parafloccular folia. (uio.no)

In general, each pair of deep nuclei is associated with a corresponding region of cerebellar surface anatomy. (wikipedia.org)

Although cerebellar degeneration may be chronic and slowly progressive, acute cerebellar swelling due to infarction, edema, or hemorrhage can have rapid and catastrophic effects and is a true neurological emergency. (uptodate.com)
However, olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA), cerebellar atrophy, and the putaminal lesions of striatonigral degeneration are often detected using MRI techniques. (medscape.com)
Cerebellar degeneration associated with a remote neoplasm. (bioportfolio.com)
The middle cerebellar peduncles are also atrophic, possibly secondary to degeneration of the basal pontine gray matter. (medscape.com)
Ataxin-3, DNA Damage Repair, and SCA3 Cerebellar Degeneration: On the Path to Parsimony? (plos.org)
Ward JM, La Spada AR (2015) Ataxin-3, DNA Damage Repair, and SCA3 Cerebellar Degeneration: On the Path to Parsimony? (plos.org)

Involvement of cerebellar cortex and nuclei in the genesis and control of unconditioned and conditioned eyelid motor responses. (nih.gov)
nerve fibers originating from cells in the hypothalamus and projecting to the cerebellar cortex and nuclei. (drugs.com)

Nevertheless, the mechanisms that determine the specification and regulate the numbers of cerebellar GABAergic interneurons remain unclear. (biologists.org)

From the experiments with lesions in the red nucleus it is suggested that this structure is implicated in the mechanisms and pathways through which the cerebellar control over facial nucleus motoneurons is realized. (nih.gov)
Scalera, G., Benassi, C., Modifications of food intake and body weight after cerebellar cortex lesions in the rat. (springer.com)
An MRI scan of her brain taken 1 month after metronidazole was stopped showed complete resolution of the cerebellar dentate lesions ( Figure 1D ). (cmaj.ca)
Records of patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis exhibiting cerebellar lesions on MR imaging were collected from multiple centers in Japan. (ajnr.org)
A reversible splenial lesion (3 isolated and 3 with concurrent cerebellar lesions) was found in 6 patients scanned between days 4 and 6. (ajnr.org)
Transient lesions in the cerebellar white matter/nuclei manifesting reduced diffusion were seen in 6 patients during days 5 through 7. (ajnr.org)
operated control animals, quinolinic acid lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus( PPTg) resulted. (wikigenes.org)

The final MR imaging performed after 1 month showed cerebellar atrophy in 10 patients. (ajnr.org)
The cerebellar degenerations were among the first human disorders with primary system atrophy to be studied clinically and pathologically. (booktopia.com.au)

Ackerley R, Pardoe J, Apps R (2006) A novel site of synaptic relay for climbing fibre pathways relaying signals from the motor cortex to the cerebellar cortical C1 zone. (springer.com)
Our data suggest that the increase in Syn expression links to synaptic plasticity changes in the cerebellar IN and provides a histological substrate in the IN relating to TEBC training. (portlandpress.com)
1 . Steuber V, Schultheiss NW, Silver RA, De Schutter E, Jaeger D (2011) Determinants of synaptic integration and heterogeneity in rebound firing explored with data-driven models of deep cerebellar nucleus cells. (yale.edu)
Determinants of synaptic integration and heterogeneity in rebound firing explored with data-driven models of deep cerebellar nucleus cells. (yale.edu)
Synaptic excitation by climbing fibre collaterals in the cerebellar nuclei of juvenile and adult mice. (semanticscholar.org)
The tremor was rescued by completely blocking synaptic transmission with tetanus toxin in cerebellar nuclei, which also reversed the tremor phenotype in the traditional harmaline-induced essential tremor model. (stanford.edu)

Essentials of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders is the first book of its kind written specifically for graduate students and clinicians. (springer.com)
It is based on the 4-volume treatise, Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders (Springer, 2013), the definitive reference for scientists and neurologists in the field of cerebellar neurobiology. (springer.com)
Cerebellar disorders are often disabling and symptomatic therapies are limited to few options that are partially effective. (clinicaltrials.gov)
[3] Cerebellar damage produces disorders in fine movement , equilibrium , posture , and motor learning in humans. (wikipedia.org)
This book encompasses basic and clinical reports on the cerebellum and its primary atrophic disorders, the cerebellar degenerations. (booktopia.com.au)
Patterns of Cerebellar Connectivity with Intrinsic Connectivity Networks in Autism Spectrum Disorders. (bioportfolio.com)

A limbic nucleus that sits at the ventral head of the striatum, contiguous with the caudate and putamen and adjacent to the olfactory tubercle. (thefreedictionary.com)
The nucleus accumbens is part of the ventral striatum nuclei. (thefreedictionary.com)
A hypothalamic nucleus in the ventral wall of the third ventricle near the pituitary stalk. (thefreedictionary.com)

Most output fibers of the cerebellum originate from these nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
The superior cerebellar peduncles represent the main output route from the cerebellum, and as such, most of their fibers are efferent. (wikipedia.org)
The cerebellorubral fibers cross over at this point to enter the contralateral red nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
the nucleus of origin of motor fibers of the glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves that supply the striated muscle of the pharynx and larynx. (thefreedictionary.com)
Classical models of cerebellar learning posit that climbing fibers operate according to a supervised learning rule to instruct changes in motor output by signaling the occurrence of movement errors. (bioportfolio.com)
Inputs from Sequentially Developed Parallel Fibers Are Required for Cerebellar Organization. (bioportfolio.com)

The projections of the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) to the cerebellar nuclei were studied using the retrograde axonal transport of tetramethyl rhodamine dextran amine (10% solution in 0.01 M neutral phosphate buffer) in 19 adult Wistar strain rats. (wiley.com)
deep cerebellar nuclei in sulfite+ curcumin -treated rats and curcumin played a protective role against sulfite. (bvsalud.org)
[email protected]# Curcumin , the main part of the turmeric , could prevent the structural changes induced in the deep cerebellar nuclei by sodium metabisulfite, a preservative agent, in rats . (bvsalud.org)
Glu injection into cerebellar FN can significantly reduce the visceral sensitivity in rats . (bvsalud.org)
Golanov, EV , Christensen, JRC & Reis, DJ 2000, ' The medullary cerebrovascular vasodilator area mediates cerebrovascular vasodilation and electroencephalogram synchronization elicited from cerebellar fastigial nucleus in Sprague-Dawley rats ', Neuroscience Letters , vol. 288, no. 3, pp. 183-186. (houstonmethodist.org)

gene in adult mice results in nearly identical cerebellar phenotypes to those of the knockout, indicating that disruption of ciliary signaling is a key driver of these phenotypes. (bioportfolio.com)
Recent studies have shown involvement of the cerebellum in ALS, although the cerebellar contribution in SOD1 transgenic mice remains unclear. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

At the end of 56 d, the right cerebellar hemispheres were removed and assigned to stereological studies. (bvsalud.org)

DCN-derived axons represent the only cerebellar outputs, and their function has mostly been considered to be directed to the brain stem and to cortical regions via thalamic relay stations. (nature.com)
However, the diversity and anatomical organization of thalamic relay cells and targets of sub-cortical cerebellar outputs remain poorly understood. (nature.com)

Loss of this protein, however, disrupts regulatory mechanisms of cell cycle dynamics that are required to determine the numbers of interneurons of different types and impairs their rhythm of maturation and integration in the cerebellar circuitry. (biologists.org)
Alternatively, however, as stellate cells are the latest interneurons generated during cerebellar ontogenesis, their absence could reflect a premature exhaustion of the progenitor pool. (biologists.org)

This nucleus receives axons from the mammillary body via the mammillothalamic tract, from the hippocampus via the fornix, and from cholinergic nuclei in the basal forebrain. (thefreedictionary.com)

The anterior thalamic nucleus is the only thalamic nucleus that is directly part of the limbic circuitry. (thefreedictionary.com)
The anterior thalamic nucleus sends axons to medial cerebral cortices: the cingulate gyrus, the anterior limbic area, and the parahippocampal gyrus. (thefreedictionary.com)
The anterior olfactory nucleus, which is distinct in most mammals, is sparse in primates. (thefreedictionary.com)
C , For comparison, the right V5 segment ( arrow ) is seen filling retrograde on the frontal projection angiogram of the left VA. The left PICA, basilar, and bilateral anterior inferior cerebellar arteries are normal. (ajnr.org)
The most common offending vessel is the superior cerebellar artery followed by the anterior and inferior cerebellar artery (6). (thefreelibrary.com)

A large basal ganglion nucleus shaped like a tadpole. (thefreedictionary.com)
Thus, it was hypothesized that cerebello-striatal connections may serve to relay cerebellar information about a sensory state to the basal ganglia for the estimation of their value 22 . (nature.com)
The basal nuclei. (unige.it)

In this chapter, we will review the morphology and the circuitry of the cerebellar nuclei and the inferior olive and the recurrent pathways connecting them. (springer.com)

Current models for cerebellar function pose that cerebellar computation integrates motor commands from the cerebrum, proprioceptive information and other sensory inputs from the periphery. (nature.com)
There is also a distinct trigeminal motor nucleus that is medial to the chief sensory nucleus. (bionity.com)

The mesencephalic nucleus mediates facial proprioception. (thefreelibrary.com)

Hains, D. E., Dietrichs, E., On the organization of interconnections between the cerebellum and hypothalamus, in New Concepts in Cerebellar Neurobiology (ed. (springer.com)
However, the organization and functional contribution of cerebellar output channels are incompletely understood. (nature.com)
Originally, the cerebellar network was modeled using a statistical-topological approach that was later extended by considering the geometrical organization of local microcircuits. (frontiersin.org)
This complex neural organization gives rise to a massive signal-processing capability, but almost all of the output from the cerebellar cortex passes through a set of small deep nuclei lying in the white matter interior of the cerebellum. (wikipedia.org)
Modular organization of cerebellar climbing fiber inputs during goal-directed behavior. (bioportfolio.com)

Ashoff et al (1974) concluded that pendular nystagmus was caused by damage to the cerebellar nuclei, and Gresty et al (1982) suggested that the lesion was near the oculomotor nuclei. (dizziness-and-balance.com)

They terminate in the hind limb region of the cerebellar cortex. (wikipedia.org)

The arcuate nucleus produces inhibiting and releasing factors (adrenocorticotrophic hormone, beta-lipotrophic hormone, and beta-endorphin) for pituitary hormones. (thefreedictionary.com)

These observations significantly modified the view of cerebellar output function which previously had been largely interpreted in the context of cortico-cerebellar loops. (nature.com)
The results suggest that the most phylogenetically recent part of the cerebellum, particularly crus I and II, make contributions to parallel cortico-cerebellar loops involved in executive control, salience detection, and episodic memory/self-reflection. (google.com)

It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Trigeminal_nerve_nuclei" . (bionity.com)

Any of the nuclei of the twelve pairs of nerves that carry signals directly to or from the brain. (thefreedictionary.com)

Anatomy21

Organisms5

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes9

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Cerebellar afferents from neurons in the extraocular motor nuclei: a fluorescent retrograde double-labeling study in the sheep. (1/323)

Role of the Botzinger complex in fastigial nucleus-mediated respiratory responses. (2/323)

Perineuronal nets of proteoglycans in the adult mouse brain, with special reference to their reactions to Gomori's ammoniacal silver and Ehrlich's methylene blue. (3/323)

Intrinsic neurons of fastigial nucleus mediate neurogenic neuroprotection against excitotoxic and ischemic neuronal injury in rat. (4/323)

Fastigial nucleus activity during different frequencies and orientations of vertical vestibular stimulation in the monkey. (5/323)

Simulations of cerebellar motor learning: computational analysis of plasticity at the mossy fiber to deep nucleus synapse. (6/323)

Lateral cerebellar hemispheres actively support sensory acquisition and discrimination rather than motor control. (7/323)

Single-unit evidence for eye-blink conditioning in cerebellar cortex is altered, but not eliminated, by interpositus nucleus lesions. (8/323)

Cerebellar Nuclei

Purkinje Cells

Cerebellum

Cerebellar Cortex

Conditioning, Eyelid

Cell Nucleus

Muscimol

Olivary Nucleus

Neurons

Red Nucleus

Action Potentials

Neural Inhibition

Cerebellar Diseases

Vestibular Nuclei

Neural Pathways

Blinking

Cerebellar Ataxia

GABA Agonists

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials

Mice, Neurologic Mutants

Synaptic Transmission

Nerve Fibers

Dendrites

Patch-Clamp Techniques

Electric Stimulation

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Neuronal Plasticity

Nucleus Accumbens

GABA Antagonists

Thalamus

Brain

Macaca mulatta

Rats, Wistar

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

Learning

Movement

Thalamic Nuclei

Animals, Newborn

Solitary Nucleus

Motor Activity

Reticular Formation

Medulla Oblongata

Axonal Transport

Spinal Cord

Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate

Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5

Resorcinols

Glass

Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol

Fourth Ventricle

Radiology

Cerebellar afferents from neurons in the extraocular motor nuclei: a fluorescent retrograde double-labeling study in the sheep. (1/323)

Role of the Botzinger complex in fastigial nucleus-mediated respiratory responses. (2/323)

Perineuronal nets of proteoglycans in the adult mouse brain, with special reference to their reactions to Gomori's ammoniacal silver and Ehrlich's methylene blue. (3/323)

Intrinsic neurons of fastigial nucleus mediate neurogenic neuroprotection against excitotoxic and ischemic neuronal injury in rat. (4/323)

Fastigial nucleus activity during different frequencies and orientations of vertical vestibular stimulation in the monkey. (5/323)

Simulations of cerebellar motor learning: computational analysis of plasticity at the mossy fiber to deep nucleus synapse. (6/323)

Lateral cerebellar hemispheres actively support sensory acquisition and discrimination rather than motor control. (7/323)

Single-unit evidence for eye-blink conditioning in cerebellar cortex is altered, but not eliminated, by interpositus nucleus lesions. (8/323)

ModelDB: Cerebellar nuclear neuron (Sudhakar et al., 2015)

Direction discrimination thresholds of vestibular and cerebellar nuclei neurons<...

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ModelDB: Cerebellar nuclear neuron (Sudhakar et al., 2015)

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Cerebellar output: motor and cognitive channels. - Semantic Scholar

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