AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation Science
Cerebellar NucleiReticular FormationMedulla OblongataAxonal TransportCell NucleusSpinal CordThalamic NucleiReceptors, Metabotropic GlutamateReceptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5ResorcinolsGlassMethoxyhydroxyphenylglycolNeuronsPurkinje CellsSynapsesLong-Term PotentiationExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsCerebellumFourth VentricleRadiologyBrainWritingLatexCerebellar CortexPurkinje FibersVestibular NucleiMuscimolDandy-Walker SyndromeIbotenic AcidGABA AgonistsDiscrimination (Psychology)Motion PerceptionSensory ThresholdsSignal Detection, PsychologicalPsychophysics
Cerebellar Nuclei
Four clusters of neurons located deep within the WHITE MATTER of the CEREBELLUM, which are the nucleus dentatus, nucleus emboliformis, nucleus globosus, and nucleus fastigii.
Reticular Formation
A region extending from the PONS & MEDULLA OBLONGATA through the MESENCEPHALON, characterized by a diversity of neurons of various sizes and shapes, arranged in different aggregations and enmeshed in a complicated fiber network.
Medulla Oblongata
The lower portion of the BRAIN STEM. It is inferior to the PONS and anterior to the CEREBELLUM. Medulla oblongata serves as a relay station between the brain and the spinal cord, and contains centers for regulating respiratory, vasomotor, cardiac, and reflex activities.
Axonal Transport
The directed transport of ORGANELLES and molecules along nerve cell AXONS. Transport can be anterograde (from the cell body) or retrograde (toward the cell body). (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ed, pG3)
Cell Nucleus
Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Spinal Cord
A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.
Thalamic Nuclei
Several groups of nuclei in the thalamus that serve as the major relay centers for sensory impulses in the brain.
Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate
Cell surface proteins that bind glutamate and act through G-proteins to influence second messenger systems. Several types of metabotropic glutamate receptors have been cloned. They differ in pharmacology, distribution, and mechanisms of action.
Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5
A type I G protein-coupled receptor mostly expressed post-synaptic pyramidal cells of the cortex and CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Resorcinols
Glass
Hard, amorphous, brittle, inorganic, usually transparent, polymerous silicate of basic oxides, usually potassium or sodium. It is used in the form of hard sheets, vessels, tubing, fibers, ceramics, beads, etc.
Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol
Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.
Neurons
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Purkinje Cells
The output neurons of the cerebellar cortex.
Synapses
Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or axon of another neuron, or a specialized region of a muscle or secretory cell. Neurons may also communicate via direct electrical coupling with ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Several other non-synaptic chemical or electric signal transmitting processes occur via extracellular mediated interactions.
Long-Term Potentiation
A persistent increase in synaptic efficacy, usually induced by appropriate activation of the same synapses. The phenomenological properties of long-term potentiation suggest that it may be a cellular mechanism of learning and memory.
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials
Depolarization of membrane potentials at the SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES of target neurons during neurotransmission. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials can singly or in summation reach the trigger threshold for ACTION POTENTIALS.
Cerebellum
The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.
Fourth Ventricle
An irregularly shaped cavity in the RHOMBENCEPHALON, located between the MEDULLA OBLONGATA; the PONS; and the isthmus in front, and the CEREBELLUM behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the SUBARACHNOID SPACE.
Radiology
A specialty concerned with the use of x-ray and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Writing
The act or practice of literary composition, the occupation of writer, or producing or engaging in literary work as a profession.
Latex
A milky, product excreted from the latex canals of a variety of plant species that contain cauotchouc. Latex is composed of 25-35% caoutchouc, 60-75% water, 2% protein, 2% resin, 1.5% sugar & 1% ash. RUBBER is made by the removal of water from latex.(From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). Hevein proteins are responsible for LATEX HYPERSENSITIVITY. Latexes are used as inert vehicles to carry antibodies or antigens in LATEX FIXATION TESTS.
Cerebellar Cortex
The superficial GRAY MATTER of the CEREBELLUM. It consists of two main layers, the stratum moleculare and the stratum granulosum.
Purkinje Fibers
Modified cardiac muscle fibers composing the terminal portion of the heart conduction system.
Vestibular Nuclei
The four cellular masses in the floor of the fourth ventricle giving rise to a widely dispersed special sensory system. Included is the superior, medial, inferior, and LATERAL VESTIBULAR NUCLEUS. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Muscimol
A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.
Dandy-Walker Syndrome
A congenital abnormality of the central nervous system marked by failure of the midline structures of the cerebellum to develop, dilation of the fourth ventricle, and upward displacement of the transverse sinuses, tentorium, and torcula. Clinical features include occipital bossing, progressive head enlargement, bulging of anterior fontanelle, papilledema, ataxia, gait disturbances, nystagmus, and intellectual compromise. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp294-5)
Ibotenic Acid
A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.
GABA Agonists
Endogenous compounds and drugs that bind to and activate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA).
Discrimination (Psychology)
Differential response to different stimuli.
Motion Perception
The real or apparent movement of objects through the visual field.
Sensory Thresholds
The minimum amount of stimulus energy necessary to elicit a sensory response.
Signal Detection, Psychological
Psychophysical technique that permits the estimation of the bias of the observer as well as detectability of the signal (i.e., stimulus) in any sensory modality. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)
Psychophysics
The science dealing with the correlation of the physical characteristics of a stimulus, e.g., frequency or intensity, with the response to the stimulus, in order to assess the psychologic factors involved in the relationship.

Cerebellar afferents from neurons in the extraocular motor nuclei: a fluorescent retrograde double-labeling study in the sheep. (1/323)

The fluorescent retrograde double labeling technique has been used to identify within the extraocular motor nuclei of the sheep the neurons projecting to the cerebellum and to provide evidence whether they are motor neurons sending collaterals to the cerebellum or a separate population of neurons. The study was performed on eight sheep. The fluorescent tracers used were Fast Blue and the diamidino yellow dihydrochloride. In one and the same animal a fluorescent tracer was injected into the extraocular muscles (EOMs) and the other into bilateral points of the vermal folia II-V and paramedian lobule, or into the vermal folia VI, VIIA and VIIB, or into the underlying fastigial nuclei. Within the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nuclei, almost all of the motor neurons were labeled by the tracer injected into the EOMs and only a few cells were fluorescent for the tracer infiltrated into the cerebellum. These latter labelings were present bilaterally, and their number and distribution did not show apparent differences after injecting the paramedian lobule and the vermal folia or the fastigial nucleus. Along the rostrocaudal extent of the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei, the neurons projecting to the cerebellum were intermingled with the motor neurons located in the nuclear area facing the medial longitudinal fasciculus. In the abducens nucleus they were restricted to the caudal pole of the nucleus, which is located ventrolaterally to the genu of the facial nerve. Double-labeled neurons were never found. The absence of double-labeled cells, in spite of the efficiency of the tracer infiltration into the EOMs and into the cerebellum, demonstrates that the cerebellar projections from the extraocular motor nuclei are not collaterals of the motor neurons, but axons of a separate population of neurons.  (+info)

Role of the Botzinger complex in fastigial nucleus-mediated respiratory responses. (2/323)

We have reported that the phrenic neurogram (PN) is modulated by stimulation of the fastigial nucleus (FN) of the cerebellum. The present study was undertaken to search for brainstem site(s) involved in the FN efferent pathway to modulate phrenic nerve activities. Experiments were performed on 35 anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated cats, using the PN as the index of the respiratory motor output. Results showed that bilateral electrolytic lesions of the red nucleus (RN), the paramedian reticular nucleus (PRN), or the pontine respiratory group (PRG) had little effect on the ability of FN stimulation to modulate the respiratory output. However, the modulation was abolished by bilateral electrolytic lesions of the Botzinger complex (BotC). Further studies showed that bilateral chemical inactivation of BotC neurons produced by topical microinjection of kainic acid or cobalt chloride failed to abolish the modulation. We concluded that fibers of passage, not synapses or cell bodies in the BotC, were involved in the modulatory effect of FN stimulation on the PN. The RN, PRN, and PRG appear not to be important in the neural circuitry responsible for the FN modulation of the phrenic activity.  (+info)

Perineuronal nets of proteoglycans in the adult mouse brain, with special reference to their reactions to Gomori's ammoniacal silver and Ehrlich's methylene blue. (3/323)

As our previous studies have indicated, many subsets of neurons in the vertebrate brain possess a sulfated proteoglycan surface coat which reacts to cationic iron colloid and aldehyde fuchsin. The present study demonstrated that this surface coat is supravitally stained with Ehrlich's methylene blue, and doubly with this blue and aldehyde fuchsin, a finding suggesting its being identical to Cajal's superficial reticulum (red superficial) and to Golgi's reticular coating (revetement reticulare). The perineuronal surface coat was further stained with Gomori's ammoniacal silver, and doubly with this silver and cationic iron colloid. These neurons with such a proteoglycan surface coat usually expressed cell surface glycoproteins which were labeled with lectin Wisteria floribunda agglutinin. Hyaluronidase digestion did not interfere with this lectin labeling of the glycoproteins, methylene blue and Gomori's ammoniacal silver staining of the surface coat, while it erased the cationic iron colloid and aldehyde fuchsin staining of the surface coat. These findings suggest that the perineuronal proteoglycan surface coat is associated with some additional molecules which are resistant to hyaluronidase digestion and stainable with methylene blue and Gomori's ammoniacal silver. The possibility is suggested that these molecules might represent "ligand proteoglycans" connecting the perineuronal proteoglycans and cell surface glycoproteins.  (+info)

Intrinsic neurons of fastigial nucleus mediate neurogenic neuroprotection against excitotoxic and ischemic neuronal injury in rat. (4/323)

Electrical stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) elevates regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and arterial pressure (AP) and provides long-lasting protection against focal and global ischemic infarctions. We investigated which neuronal element in FN, perikarya or axons, mediates this central neurogenic neuroprotection and whether it also protects against excitotoxicity. In anesthetized rats, the FN was stimulated for 1 hr, and ibotenic acid (IBO) was microinjected unilaterally into the striatum. In unstimulated controls, the excitotoxic lesions averaged approximately 40 mm3. Stimulation of FN, but not dentate nucleus (DN), significantly reduced lesion volumes up to 80% when IBO was injected 15 min, 72 hr, or 10 d, but not 30 d, thereafter. In other rats, intrinsic neurons of FN or DN were destroyed by pretreatment with IBO. Five days later, the FN was stimulated, and 72 hr later, IBO was microinjected into the striatum. Lesions of FN, but not DN, abolished neuroprotection but not the elevations of rCBF and AP elicited from FN stimulation. Excitotoxic lesions of FN, but not DN, also abolished the 37% reduction in focal ischemic infarctions produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Excitation of intrinsic FN neurons provides long-lasting, substantial, and reversible protection of central neurons from excitotoxicity, as well as focal ischemia, whereas axons in the nucleus, probably collaterals of ramified brainstem neurons, mediate the elevations in rCBF, which do not contribute to neuroprotection. Long-lived protection against a range of injuries is an unrecognized function of FN neurons transmitted over pathways distinct from those regulating rCBF.  (+info)

Fastigial nucleus activity during different frequencies and orientations of vertical vestibular stimulation in the monkey. (5/323)

Neurons in the rostral part of the fastigial nucleus (FN) respond to vestibular stimulation but are not related to eye movements. To understand the precise role of these vestibular-only neurons in the central processing of vestibular signals, unit activity in the FN of alert monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was recorded. To induce vestibular stimulation, the monkey was rotated sinusoidally around an earth-fixed horizontal axis at stimulus frequencies between 0.06 (+/-15 degrees) and 1.4 Hz (+/-7.5 degrees). During stimulation head orientation was changed continuously, allowing for roll, pitch, and intermediate planes of orientation. At a frequency of 0.6 Hz, 59% of the neurons had an optimal response orientation (ORO) and a null response (i.e., no modulation) 90 degrees apart. The phase of neuronal response was constant except for a steep shift of 180 degrees around the null response. This group I response is compatible with a semicircular canal input, canal convergence, or a single otolith input. Several other features indicated more complex responses, including spatiotemporal convergence (STC). 1) For 35% of the responses at 0.6 Hz, phase changes were gradual with different orientations. Fifteen percent of these had a null response (group II), and 20% showed only a minimal response but no null response (group III). The remaining responses (6%), classified as group IV, were characterized by a constant sensitivity at different orientations in most instances. 2) For the vast majority of neurons, the stimulus frequency determined the response group, i.e., an individual neuron could show a group I response at one frequency and a group II (III or IV) response at another frequency. 3) ORO changed with frequency by >45 degrees for 44% of the neurons. 4) Although phase changes at different frequencies were close to head velocity (+/-45 degrees ) or head position (+/-45 degrees ) for most neurons, they exceeded 90 degrees for 29% of the neurons between 0.1 and 1.0 Hz. In most cases, this was a phase advance. The change in sensitivity with change in frequency showed a similar pattern for all neurons; the average sensitivity increased from 1.24 imp. s-1. deg-1 at 0.1 Hz to 2.97 imp. s-1. deg-1 at 1.0 Hz. These data demonstrate that only an analysis based on measurements at different frequencies and orientations reveals a number of complex features. They moreover suggest that for the vast majority of neurons several sources of canal and otolith information interact at this central stage of vestibular information processing.  (+info)

Simulations of cerebellar motor learning: computational analysis of plasticity at the mossy fiber to deep nucleus synapse. (6/323)

We question the widely accepted assumption that a molecular mechanism for long-term expression of synaptic plasticity is sufficient to explain the persistence of memories. Instead, we show that learning and memory require that these cellular mechanisms be correctly integrated within the architecture of the neural circuit. To illustrate this general conclusion, our studies are based on the well characterized synaptic organization of the cerebellum and its relationship to a simple form of motor learning. Using computer simulations of cerebellar-mediated eyelid conditioning, we examine the ability of three forms of plasticity at mossy fiber synapses in the cerebellar nucleus to contribute to learning and memory storage. Results suggest that when the simulation is exposed to reasonable patterns of "background" cerebellar activity, only one of these three rules allows for the retention of memories. When plasticity at the mossy fiber synapse is controlled by nucleus or climbing fiber activity, the circuit is unable to retain memories because of interactions within the network that produce spontaneous drift of synaptic strength. In contrast, a plasticity rule controlled by the activity of the Purkinje cell allows for a memory trace that is resistant to ongoing activity in the circuit. These results suggest specific constraints for theories of cerebellar motor learning and have general implications regarding the mechanisms that may contribute to the persistence of memories.  (+info)

Lateral cerebellar hemispheres actively support sensory acquisition and discrimination rather than motor control. (7/323)

This study examined a new hypothesis proposing that the lateral cerebellum is not activated by motor control per se, as widely assumed, but is engaged during the acquisition and discrimination of tactile sensory information. This proposal derives from neurobiological studies of these regions of the rat cerebellum. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lateral cerebellar output nucleus (dentate) of humans during passive and active sensory tasks confirmed four a priori implications of this hypothesis. Dentate nuclei responded to cutaneous stimuli, even when there were no accompanying overt finger movements. Finger movements not associated with tactile sensory discrimination produced no dentate activation. Sensory discrimination with the fingers induced an increase in dentate activation, with or without finger movements. Finally, dentate activity was greatest when there was the most opportunity to modulate the acquisition of the sensory tactile data: when the discrimination involved the active repositioning of tactile sensory surface of the fingers. Furthermore, activity in cerebellar cortex was strongly correlated with observed dentate activity. This distinct four-way pattern of effects strongly challenges other cerebellar theories. However, contrary to appearances, neither our hypothesis nor findings conflict with behavioral effects of cerebellar damage, neurophysiological data on animals performing motor tasks, or cerebellar contribution to nonmotor, perceptual, and cognitive tasks.  (+info)

Single-unit evidence for eye-blink conditioning in cerebellar cortex is altered, but not eliminated, by interpositus nucleus lesions. (8/323)

Many theories of motor learning explain learning-related changes in motor behavior in terms of plasticity in the cerebellar cortex. Empirical evidence, however, does not always appear to be consistent with such formulations. It is the anterior cerebellar interpositus nucleus (aINP) that seems to be essential for acquisition and retention of conditioned eye-blink responses under most circumstances and it has been therefore suggested that the aINP is the critical site of learning-related plasticity during eye-blink conditioning. Supporting this conclusion are studies demonstrating that multiple-unit conditioning-related neural activity patterns observed in many brain regions disappear after aINP lesion. The possibility that the cerebellar cortex may be involved in forming these patterns has not been assessed adequately, however. In the current study, trained rabbits received kainic acid lesions of the INP. After recovery, the animals underwent additional sessions of conditioning during which single-unit activity was recorded from the cerebellar cortex. Our results suggest that the aINP is not the sole site of plasticity during eye-blink conditioning, as a subset of the neurons recorded from lesioned animals demonstrated conditioning-related firing patterns. The lesions did change the character of these firing patterns from those observed in saline controls, however, in ways that can be generally described as a loss of organization. The normal tendency for the population of cortical cells to change firing rate together, for instance, was significantly less noticeable in lesioned animals. These results suggest that the aINP may be involved in the production of important features of conditioned responding, such as system timing function, therefore suggesting the need for more models that incorporate aINP and brain stem feedback as integral to the production of organized neural and behavioral responses.  (+info)

Direction discrimination thresholds of vestibular and cerebellar nuclei neurons<...Direction discrimination thresholds of vestibular and cerebellar nuclei neurons<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Direction discrimination thresholds of vestibular and cerebellar nuclei neurons. AU - Liu, Sheng. AU - Yakusheva, Tatyana. AU - DeAngelis, Gregory C.. AU - Angelaki, Dora E.. PY - 2010/1/13. Y1 - 2010/1/13. N2 - To understand the roles of the vestibular system in perceptual detection and discrimination of self-motion, it is critical to account for response variability in computing the sensitivity of vestibular neurons. Here we study responses of neurons with no eye movement sensitivity in the vestibular (VN) and rostral fastigial nuclei (FN) using high-frequency (2 Hz) oscillatory translational motion stimuli. The axis of translation (i.e., heading) varied slowly (1° /s) in the horizontal plane as the animal was translated back and forth. Signal detection theory was used to compute the threshold sensitivity of VN/FN neurons for discriminating small variations in heading around all possible directions of translation. Across the population, minimum heading discrimination ...
https://profiles.wustl.edu/en/publications/direction-discrimination-thresholds-of-vestibular-and-cerebellar-
Electrical Stimulation Normalizes c-Fos Expression in the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei of Depressive-like Rats: Implication of...Electrical Stimulation Normalizes c-Fos Expression in the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei of Depressive-like Rats: Implication of...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Electrical Stimulation Normalizes c-Fos Expression in the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei of Depressive-like Rats. T2 - Implication of Antidepressant Activity. AU - Huguet, Gemma. AU - Kadar, Elisabet. AU - Temel, Yasin. AU - Lim, Lee Wei. PY - 2017/4. Y1 - 2017/4. KW - High-frequency stimulation. KW - Ventromedial prefrontal cortex. KW - Deep cerebellar nuclei. KW - Vestibular nuclei. KW - Antidepressant-like behaviors. KW - TREATMENT-RESISTANT DEPRESSION. KW - DORSOLATERAL PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY. KW - POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER. KW - MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX. KW - SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER. KW - DORSAL RAPHE NUCLEUS. KW - BRAIN-STIMULATION. KW - MAJOR DEPRESSION. KW - VESTIBULAR NUCLEI. KW - FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY. U2 - 10.1007/s12311-016-0812-y. DO - 10.1007/s12311-016-0812-y. M3 - Article. VL - 16. SP - 398. EP - 410. JO - Cerebellum. JF - Cerebellum. SN - 1473-4222. IS - 2. ER - ...
https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/electrical-stimulation-normalizes-c-fos-expression-in-the-deep-ce
ModelDB: Cerebellar nuclear neuron (Sudhakar et al., 2015)ModelDB: Cerebellar nuclear neuron (Sudhakar et al., 2015)
TITLE Persistent sodium current (NaP) of deep cerebellar nucleus (DCN) neuron COMMENT Translated from GENESIS by Johannes Luthman and Volker Steuber. ENDCOMMENT NEURON { SUFFIX NaP USEION na READ ena WRITE ina RANGE gbar, ina, m, h GLOBAL qdeltat } UNITS { (mA) = (milliamp) (mV) = (millivolt) } PARAMETER { qdeltat = 1 gbar = 1e-5 (siemens/cm2) } ASSIGNED { v (mV) ena (mV) ina (mA/cm2) minf hinf taum (ms) tauh (ms) } STATE { m h } INITIAL { rate(v) taum = 50 / qdeltat m = minf h = hinf } BREAKPOINT { SOLVE states METHOD cnexp ina = gbar * m*m*m * h * (v - ena) } DERIVATIVE states { rate(v) m =(minf - m)/taum h =(hinf - h)/tauh } PROCEDURE rate(v(mV)) { TABLE minf, hinf, tauh FROM -150 TO 100 WITH 300 minf = 1 / (1 + exp((v + 70) / -4.1)) hinf = 1 / (1 + exp((v + 80) / 4)) tauh = (1750 / (1 + exp((v + 65) / -8))) + 250 tauh = tauh / qdeltat ...
https://senselab.med.yale.edu/modeldb/ShowModel.cshtml?model=185513&file=%2FSudhakarEtAl2015%2FNaP.mod
The Projections of the Lateral Reticular Nucleus to the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei. An Experimental Analysis in the Rat - Parenti -...The Projections of the Lateral Reticular Nucleus to the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei. An Experimental Analysis in the Rat - Parenti -...
The projections of the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) to the cerebellar nuclei were studied using the retrograde axonal transport of tetramethyl rhodamine dextran amine (10% solution in 0.01 M neutral phosphate buffer) in 19 adult Wistar strain rats. The cerebellar nuclei receive topographically organized projections from the LRN. The projections are bilateral with an ipsilateral predominance and they are symmetrical. The contralateral component is progressively larger for projections to the nuclei interpositalis, to the nucleus lateralis and to the nucleus medialis. The projections to the various cerebellar nuclei arise from rostrocaudally oriented columns of neurons located in different (partly overlapping) areas of the magnocellular division of the LRN. The nucleus lateralis receives terminals from the dorsomedial area (mainly from the rostral level of the LRN), the nuclei interpositalis from the dorsolateral area (mainly from the central level) and the nucleus medialis from the ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb00737.x/abstract
Dentate nucleus legal definition of dentate nucleusDentate nucleus legal definition of dentate nucleus
Definition of dentate nucleus in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is dentate nucleus? Meaning of dentate nucleus as a legal term. What does dentate nucleus mean in law?
https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dentate+nucleus
Plus itPlus it
These rules for inducing potentiation are distinct from classical long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal CA1 region, in which EPSCs are potentiated by large increases in postsynaptic Ca resulting from a temporal coincidence, on a scale of a few milliseconds, of synaptic excitation and postsynaptic spiking (Markram et al., 1997; Bi and Poo, 1998). The converse occurs at parallel fiber synapses onto Purkinje neurons, where small elevations of Ca promote potentiation (Coesmans et al., 2004; Belmeguenai and Hansel, 2005; Jörntell and Hansel, 2006). In cerebellar nuclear neurons, at least two factors may make such threshold or inverse-threshold rules inappropriate. First, spontaneous firing raises Ca levels in the relatively short dendrites of nuclear cells, near excitatory synapses. Thus, Ca-dependent induction of plasticity of EPSCs must occur against a high, probably fluctuating, background Ca level, which is expected to add noise to a threshold-based induction signal. Second, ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/28/42/10549
Cerebellar output: motor and cognitive channels. - Semantic ScholarCerebellar output: motor and cognitive channels. - Semantic Scholar
The input to the cerebellum has long been known to originate from widespread regions of the cerebral cortex including the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. The output of the cerebellum, however, was thought to project mainly to the primary motor cortex. Recent anatomical observations have challenged this view. It is now apparent that cerebellar output goes to multiple cortical areas, including not only the primary motor cortex, but also areas of premotor and prefrontal cortex. In fact, there is growing evidence that each of the areas of cerebral cortex that project to the cerebellum is also the target of cerebellar output. The cerebellar output to individual cortical areas originates from distinct clusters of neurons in the deep nuclei which we have termed `output channels. The individual output channels to the cortical areas we have examined display little or no overlap. Physiological recordings in awake trained primates indicate that neurons in different output channels appear to be involved in
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cerebellar-output-motor-and-cognitive-channels-Middleton-Strick/fde8df9e732e20a81db704a2249f06996c85ba60
Cerebellar nuclei | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.orgCerebellar nuclei | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
The cerebellar nuclei comprise of 4 paired deep grey matter deep within the cerebellum near the fourth ventricle. They are arranged in the following order: dentate nuclei (the largest and most lateral) emboliform nuclei globose nuclei fasti...
https://radiopaedia.org/articles/cerebellar-nuclei
Effects of lesion of posterior part of cerebellar vermis and fastigial nuclei on some immune responses in male rats | AbstractEffects of lesion of posterior part of cerebellar vermis and fastigial nuclei on some immune responses in male rats | Abstract
Considering the autonomic function of cerebellum, it is a potential neural area for immunomodulation. Though the role of fastigial nucleus (FN) and ve..
https://www.alliedacademies.org/abstract/effects-of-lesion-of-posterior-part-of-cerebellar-vermis-and-fastigial-nuclei-on-some-immune-responses-in-male-rats-5162.html
The laterally positioned dentate nuclei lie in a key position in | AZD8835, a Novel Selective Inhibitor of PI3K signaling...The laterally positioned dentate nuclei lie in a key position in | AZD8835, a Novel Selective Inhibitor of PI3K signaling...
The laterally positioned dentate nuclei lie in a key position in the cerebellum to receive input from Purkinje cells in the lateral cerebellar hemisphere participating in both motor and cognitive functions. potentially interfering with the synchronous firing of substandard olivary neurons, and the timing of Purkinje cell inputs and firing towards the dentate nuclei. Disruptions in vital neural substrates within these essential circuits could disrupt afferents to electric motor and/or cognitive cerebral association areas in the autistic human brain likely adding to the proclaimed behavioral consequences quality of autism. could possibly be because of the impact of GAD65. Both GAD isoforms have already been been shown to be affected in a number of developmental and psychiatric disorders. GAD67 continues to be implicated in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, main unhappiness disorder, and autism (Fatemi et al., 2002; Huang and Akbarian, 2006; Torrey et al., 2005; Yip et al., 2007, 2008). On the other ...
http://azd8835.com/the-laterally-positioned-dentate-nuclei-lie-in-a-key-position-in/
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https://www.bowlingball.com/products/bowling-balls/roto-grip/15638/nuclear-cell.html?reviews=1
Ectopic expression of the GABA(A) receptor alpha6 subunit in hippocampal pyramidal neurons produces extrasynaptic receptors and...Ectopic expression of the GABA(A) receptor alpha6 subunit in hippocampal pyramidal neurons produces extrasynaptic receptors and...
We generated transgenic (Thy1alpha6) mice in which the GABA(A) receptor alpha6 subunit, whose expression is usually confined to granule cells of cerebellum and cochlear nuclei, is ectopically expressed under the control of the pan-neuronal Thy-1.2 promoter. Strong Thy1alpha6 subunit expression occurs, for example, in deep cerebellar nuclei, layer V iscocortical and hippocampal pyramidal cells and dentate granule cells. Ligand binding and protein biochemistry show that most forebrain alpha6 subunits assemble as alpha6betagamma2-type receptors, and some as alpha1alpha6betagamma2 and alpha3alpha6betagamma2 receptors. Electron microscopic immunogold labeling shows that most Thy1-derived alpha6 immunoreactivity is in the extrasynaptic plasma membrane of dendrites and spines in both layer V isocortical and CA1pyramidal cells. Synaptic immunolabeling is rare. Consistent with the alpha6 subunits extrasynaptic localization, Thy1alpha6 CA1 pyramidal neurons have a five-fold increased tonic GABA(A) receptor
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/329299
ModelDB: Robust transmission in the inhibitory Purkinje Cell to Cerebellar Nuclei pathway (Abbasi et al 2017)ModelDB: Robust transmission in the inhibitory Purkinje Cell to Cerebellar Nuclei pathway (Abbasi et al 2017)
function tex_string = getTeXString(a_doc, props) % getTeXString - Returns the TeX representation for the document. % % Usage: % tex_string = getTeXString(a_doc, props) % % Description: % This is an abstract placeholder for this method. It specifies what this % method should do in the subclasses that implement it. This method should % create all the auxiliary files needed by the document. The generated tex_string % should be ready to be visualized. % % Parameters: % a_doc: A tests_db object. % props: A structure with any optional properties. % % Returns: % tex_string: A string that contains TeX commands, which upon writing to a file, % can be interpreted by the TeX engine to produce a document. % % Example: % doc_plot has an overloaded getTeXString method: % ,, tex_string = getTeXString(a_doc_plot) % ,, string2File(tex_string, my_doc.tex) % then my_doc.tex can be used by including from a valid LaTeX document. % % See also: doc_generate, doc_plot % % $Id$ % % Author: Cengiz Gunay ...
https://senselab.med.yale.edu/ModelDB/ShowModel.cshtml?model=229279&file=%2Fcodes%2Fpandora-matlab-1.4compat2%2Fclasses%2F%40doc_generate%2FgetTeXString.m
7.60 Cell Biology: Structure and Functions of the Nucleus, Spring 20067.60 Cell Biology: Structure and Functions of the Nucleus, Spring 2006
This course covers the fundamentals of nuclear cell biology as well as the methodological and experimental approaches upon which they are based. Topics include Eukaryotic genome structure, function, and expression, processing of RNA, and regulation of the cell cycle. The techniques and logic used to address important problems in nuclear cell biology is emphasized. Lectures cover broad topic areas in nuclear cell biology and class discussions focus on representative papers recently published in the field ...
https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/71859
MicroRNA involvement in mechanism of endogenous protection induced by fastigial nucleus stimulation based on deep sequencing...MicroRNA involvement in mechanism of endogenous protection induced by fastigial nucleus stimulation based on deep sequencing...
FNS may offer a new approach to neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia. FNS has been showed to promote nerve tissue repair, reconstruction, neurological rehabilitation and improve stroke-related complication [9, 10]. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression during cerebral ischemia after FNS are still not completely understood. Recently, increasing attention has been focused on miRNAs, which are promising targets in the molecular mechanisms of gene regulation, pathology, and drug actions [24, 25]. To date, the neural functional relevance of such a central neural neuroprotective network induced by FNS have yet to be revealed. Our study presented the first profile of miRNA expression in the ischemic cortex after 1 h of FNS. The differentially expressed miRNAs may participate in neuroprotection induced by FNS, and provides further insights into miRNAs functions in ischemic injury.. In the present study, we used Solexa sequencing technology on small RNA libraries ...
https://bmcmedgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12920-015-0155-4
Nuclear neurons | The Engineer The EngineerNuclear neurons | The Engineer The Engineer
Youre looking for the brains response to a particular thing, but if you do MEG on a resting person, you dont get zero - you get all sorts of stuff - because theyre thinking about their cat and each person has a different resting state, said Chapman.. The first problem the collaborative team set to work on was characterising the brains response to surprise. The research was supported by GlaxoSmithKline, the MRC and by an EPSRC cross disciplinary feasibility account. Although not prescriptive, surprise is considered one of the six universal emotional responses (alongside anger, fear, disgust, happiness and sadness) and there are robust experimental methods to isolate and study it.. They used something called the mismatch-negativity (MMN) paradigm. While in an MEG scanner, 10 healthy volunteers listened to a series of beeps, some of which were regular and repetitive, and some of which were different and out of sequence.. Previous studies have established that the lateral temporal auditory ...
https://www.theengineer.co.uk/nuclear-neurons/
Dentate nucleus - Oxford ReferenceDentate nucleus - Oxford Reference
A large wrinkled horseshoe-shaped strip of nerve cell bodies deep within each hemisphere of the *cerebellum, involved in the control of rapid skilled movements. Often confused with the ...
https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199657681.001.0001/acref-9780199657681-e-2185
Philips Equips Center with 64-Slice CT, 3.0T MR | Imaging Technology NewsPhilips Equips Center with 64-Slice CT, 3.0T MR | Imaging Technology News
MR images through, A, C, E, basal ganglia and, B, D, F, posterior fossa at level of dentate nucleus. Images are shown for, A, B, control group patient 4, and the, C, D, first and, E, F, last examinations performed in contrast group patient 13. Regions of interest used in quantification of signal intensity are shown as dashed lines for globus pallidus (green), thalamus (blue), dentate nucleus (yellow), and pons (red).. ...
https://www.itnonline.com/content/philips-equips-center-64-slice-ct-30t-mr
Hologic to Sing About Opera MRI at RSNA | Imaging Technology NewsHologic to Sing About Opera MRI at RSNA | Imaging Technology News
MR images through, A, C, E, basal ganglia and, B, D, F, posterior fossa at level of dentate nucleus. Images are shown for, A, B, control group patient 4, and the, C, D, first and, E, F, last examinations performed in contrast group patient 13. Regions of interest used in quantification of signal intensity are shown as dashed lines for globus pallidus (green), thalamus (blue), dentate nucleus (yellow), and pons (red).. ...
https://www.itnonline.com/content/hologic-sing-about-opera-mri-rsna
ENCAB521XDP - ENCODEENCAB521XDP - ENCODE
IP followed by mass spectrometry. Briefly, protein was immunoprecipitated from K562 nuclear cell lysates using the antibody A300-755A, and the IP fraction was loaded on a 10% polyacrylamide gel (NuPAGEBis-Tris Gel) and separated with an Invitrogen NuPAGE electrophoresis system. The gel was stained by ColloidialCoomassie G-250 stain, gel fragments corresponding to the bands indicated were excised. Then proteins were trypsinized using the in-gel digestion method. Digested proteins were analyzed on an Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific) by the nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS technique. Peptides were identified by the SEQUEST algorithm and filtered with a high confidence threshold (Peptide false discovery rate , 1%, 2 unique peptides per protein minimum, mass error , 10 ppm ...
https://www.encodeproject.org/antibodies/ENCAB521XDP/
ENCAB292USO - ENCODEENCAB292USO - ENCODE
IP followed by mass spectrometry. Briefly, protein was immunoprecipitated from K562 nuclear cell lysates using the antibody HPA005732, and the IP fraction was loaded on a 10% polyacrylamide gel (NuPAGEBis-Tris Gel) and separated with an Invitrogen NuPAGE electrophoresis system. The gel was stained by ColloidialCoomassie G-250 stain, gel fragments corresponding to the bands indicated were excised. Then proteins were trypsinized using the in-gel digestion method. Digested proteins were analyzed on an Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific) by the nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS technique. Peptides were identified by the SEQUEST algorithm and filtered with a high confidence threshold (Peptide false discovery rate , 1%, 2 unique peptides per protein minimum, mass error , 10 ppm ...
https://www.encodeproject.org/antibodies/ENCAB292USO/
B - about usB - about us
Is a natural immunorestorative supplement that help restores the destroyed or weakened immune system. Fagaricine® causes the restoration of lymphocytes (CD4) which is the driving force of the immune response which stimulates the production of NK (Neutral-Killers involved in the destruction of cancer cells), T8 lymphocytes (CD8 involved in the destruction of the virus), B lymphocytes involved in the bacterial destruction, polynucleotide cells (involved in parasites destruction) and mono nuclear cells involved in fungi destruction. ...
http://www.botanicalwellnesscompany.com/index.html
rebound - Symptoms, Treatments and Resources for reboundrebound - Symptoms, Treatments and Resources for rebound
rebound - MedHelps rebound Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, Treatments and Tools for rebound. Find rebound information, treatments for rebound and rebound symptoms.
https://www.medhelp.org/tags/show/37013/rebound
The near-death experience: a cerebellar method to protect body and soul-lessons from the Iboga healing ceremony in Gabon. |...The near-death experience: a cerebellar method to protect body and soul-lessons from the Iboga healing ceremony in Gabon. |...
Austrian Development Service HorizonT3000, Harare, Zimbabwe.. The root bark of the Iboga shrub (Tabernanthe iboga) is used in Gabon, Africa, to induce a near-death experience for spiritual and psychological purposes. The pharmacology of ibogaine, a psychoactive indole alkaloid extracted from the bark, has been investigated extensively because of its putative qualities to treat addiction. This review of these studies and neuroscientific approaches to the near-death experience compared with field studies of traditional African rituals has generated new insights into the neurological correlates and the psychological effects and after-effects of the near-death experience. Ibogaine stimulates the cerebellar fastigial nucleus in the same manner as ischemia and leads to a medium-term protection of the brain against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. At the same time, it induces changes in the autonomic nervous and the cardiovascular systems, which aid in the survival of ischemia: iboga intake and ...
http://medicdebate.org/node/131
Hypothermia-induced dystonia and abnormal cerebellar activity in a mouse model with a single disease-mutation in the sodium...Hypothermia-induced dystonia and abnormal cerebellar activity in a mouse model with a single disease-mutation in the sodium...
Mutations in the neuron-specific α3 isoform of the Na+/K+-ATPase are found in patients suffering from Rapid onset Dystonia Parkinsonism and Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood, two closely related movement disorders. We show that mice harboring a heterozygous hot spot disease mutation, D801Y (α3+/D801Y), suffer abrupt hypothermia-induced dystonia identified by electromyographic recordings. Single-neuron in vivo recordings in awake α3+/D801Y mice revealed irregular firing of Purkinje cells and their synaptic targets, the deep cerebellar nuclei neurons, which was further exacerbated during dystonia and evolved into abnormal high-frequency burst-like firing. Biophysically, we show that the D-to-Y mutation abolished pump-mediated Na+/K+ exchange, but allowed the pumps to bind Na+ and become phosphorylated. These findings implicate aberrant cerebellar activity in α3 isoform-related dystonia and add to the functional understanding of the scarce and severe mutations in the α3 isoform Na+/K+-ATPase.
https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/publications/692287
Glucocorticoid Mechanisms Of Neonatal Separation Effects On Adult Learning And MemoryGlucocorticoid Mechanisms Of Neonatal Separation Effects On Adult Learning And Memory
Many studies have documented the relationship between adverse early experience and the development of psychiatric disorders. Understanding the mental health consequences of perinatal stressors is crucial to preventative treatment. Neonatal maternal separation in the rat is a good model system for assessing the effects of adverse early experience, and eyeblink conditioning is a good model for studying the relationship between neonatal stress and adult learning and memory. Previously, I showed that daily neonatal maternal separation (1h/day on postnatal days 2-14) increases plasma corticosterone levels during the first and second postnatal week. Further, I showed that neonatal maternal separation impairs adult eyeblink conditioning and produces a correlated increase in glucocorticoid receptor expression in the posterior interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum. My dissertation research is focused on characterizing the role of glucocorticoids in this effect. I measured cerebellar glucocorticoid ...
https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/9707?show=full
Prolonged Postinhibitory Rebound Firing in the Cerebellar Nuclei Mediated by Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor...Prolonged Postinhibitory Rebound Firing in the Cerebellar Nuclei Mediated by Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor...
To minimize variance, recordings were made from large cells in the interpositus and the medial portion of the lateral nucleus, which most likely include the large glutamatergic projection neurons (Uusisaari et al., 2007). Most of these cells had somatic diameters of 15-20 μm. The selection criteria were identical to those in the study by Zheng and Raman (2009). Although bursting was not assessed in the present work, the majority of cells in that study produced rebound bursts in response to strong hyperpolarizing current injection to potentials less than −90 mV, but only prolonged rebound firing in response to IPSP trains. Patch pipettes (3-5 MΩ) were pulled from borosilicate glass on a Sutter Instruments P97 puller. Voltage-clamp recordings were made with an Axopatch 200B amplifier and current-clamp recordings with an Axoclamp 2B amplifier, and data were acquired with pClamp acquisition software (Molecular Devices). Pipettes were filled with an intracellular solution composed of the ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/31/28/10283.long
Efficacy of Riluzole in Hereditary Cerebellar Ataxia - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govEfficacy of Riluzole in Hereditary Cerebellar Ataxia - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
The hereditary cerebellar ataxias include diverse neurodegenerative disorders. Hereditary ataxias can be divided into autosomal dominant ataxias (ADCAs), autosomal recessive ataxias (ARCAs), X-linked, and mitochondrial ataxias on the basis of mode of inheritance. The key feature in all these disorders is ataxia typically characterised by poor balance, hand incoordination, postural or kinetic tremor, dysarthria and dysphagia.. To date no treatment has been shown to slow progression of the disease and symptomatic therapies are limited to few options that are partially effective.. Purkinje cells project inhibitory signals to the deep cerebellar nuclei(DCN) which have a critical role in cerebellar function and motor performance. DCN neurons fire spontaneously in the absence of synaptic input from Purkinje neurons and modulation of the DCN response by Purkinje input is believed to be responsible for coordination of movement, while uncontrolled spontaneous firing of DCN neurons may underlay cerebellar ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01104649?recr=Open&cond=%22Cerebellar+Diseases%22&rank=7
Efficacy of Riluzole in Hereditary Cerebellar Ataxia - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govEfficacy of Riluzole in Hereditary Cerebellar Ataxia - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
The hereditary cerebellar ataxias include diverse neurodegenerative disorders. Hereditary ataxias can be divided into autosomal dominant ataxias (ADCAs), autosomal recessive ataxias (ARCAs), X-linked, and mitochondrial ataxias on the basis of mode of inheritance. The key feature in all these disorders is ataxia typically characterised by poor balance, hand incoordination, postural or kinetic tremor, dysarthria and dysphagia.. To date no treatment has been shown to slow progression of the disease and symptomatic therapies are limited to few options that are partially effective.. Purkinje cells project inhibitory signals to the deep cerebellar nuclei(DCN) which have a critical role in cerebellar function and motor performance. DCN neurons fire spontaneously in the absence of synaptic input from Purkinje neurons and modulation of the DCN response by Purkinje input is believed to be responsible for coordination of movement, while uncontrolled spontaneous firing of DCN neurons may underlay cerebellar ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01104649?term=%22VLDLR-associated+cerebellar+hypoplasia%22+%5BDISEASE%5D+OR+%22Cerebellar+Ataxia%22+%5BDISEASE%5D+OR+NCT00041600+%5BID-NUMBER%5D&rank=6
Plus itPlus it
We wish to comment on the August 2015 article of Adin et al1 in the American Journal of Neuroradiology (AJNR) entitled Hyperintense Dentate Nuclei on T1-Weighted MRI: Relation to Repeat Gadolinium Administration. The authors reported the relationship between the hyperintense dentate nucleus on unenhanced T1WI and past gadolinium based-contrast agent (GBCA) administration. This relationship was first reported by our group on December 7, 2013.2 Since then, several important reports have been published, and knowledge regarding gadolinium deposition has increased remarkably.. Our group3 and Radbruch et al4 evaluated the difference in the signal change between patients repeatedly administered linear GBCA and macrocyclic GBCA. A change in the signal intensity of the dentate nucleus was observed in the former, but not in the latter. McDonald et al5 and our group6 evaluated the brain tissue from postmortem specimens, and gadolinium deposition was verified from the brain tissue.7 Robert et al8 injected ...
http://www.ajnr.org/content/37/1/E1
Sensory Systems/Control Systems - Wikibooks, open books for an open worldSensory Systems/Control Systems - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
If you were to understand the exact workings of each and every neuron in the cerebellum, you would certainly receive the Nobel Prize right away. As with all brain-related control systems, we need to zoom out and look at a slightly higher level of abstraction. The cerebellum is home to two special types of neurons, namely the Purkinje cells and the deep cerebellar nuclear cells, which are essentially our sensors in the control system sense and are fed with sensory information via mossy fibers and climbing fibers. Mossy fibers mostly transmit the information about the desired output, whilst climbing fibers are specialized to transfer sensory information about the current state of the system as well as already processed error signals. All this information is processed mainly by the Purkinje and deep cerebellar nuclear cells, whose activation patterns are characteristic of different types of movement. If we consider just a simple hand movement, it turns out that the firing patterns of these cells ...
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Sensory_Systems/Control_Systems
Cerebellar control of the inferior olive | SpringerLinkCerebellar control of the inferior olive | SpringerLink
A subpopulation of neurones in the cerebellar nuclei projects to the inferior olive, the source of the climbing fibre input to the cerebellum. This nucleo-olivary projection follows the zonal and, pro
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1080%2F14734220500462757
Nuclei Of Cerebellum - KyphoNuclei Of Cerebellum - Kypho
Dentate nucleus is the most lateral and largest among the four nuclei of cerebellum. It is most prominent in higher animals, specially in human brain. Phylogenetically it is the latest in evolution and obviously related to neocerebellum. Dentate nucleus, on section, looks like a folded bag with its opening (concavity) facing medially. From the concave side emerge efferent fibers from the nucleus. Efferent fibers leave cerebellum through superior cerebellar peduncle ...
https://kypho.com/nuclei-of-cerebellum.html
Selected publications | Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesSelected publications | Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences
Steele, C.; Anwander, A.; Bazin, P.-L.; Trampel, R.; Schäfer, A.; Turner, R.; Ramnani, N.; Villringer, A.: Human cerebellar sub-millimeter diffusion imaging reveals the motor and non-motor topography of the dentate nucleus. Cerebral Cortex 27 (9), pp. 4537 - 4548 (2017 ...
https://www.cbs.mpg.de/publication-search/306680?person=%2Fpersons%2Fresource%2Fpersons20053
Selected Publications | Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesSelected Publications | Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences
Steele, C.; Anwander, A.; Bazin, P.-L.; Trampel, R.; Schäfer, A.; Turner, R.; Ramnani, N.; Villringer, A.: Human cerebellar sub-millimeter diffusion imaging reveals the motor and non-motor topography of the dentate nucleus. Cerebral Cortex 27 (9), pp. 4537 - 4548 (2017 ...
https://www.cbs.mpg.de/publication-search/1252716?person=%2Fpersons%2Fresource%2Fpersons20055
SearchSearch
Urinary oxalate and glycolate excretion patterns in the first year of life: A longitudinal study<...Urinary oxalate and glycolate excretion patterns in the first year of life: A longitudinal study<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Urinary oxalate and glycolate excretion patterns in the first year of life. T2 - A longitudinal study. AU - Morgenstern, Bruce Z.. AU - Milliner, Dawn S.. AU - Murphy, Mary E.. AU - Simmons, Patricia S.. AU - Moyer, Thomas P.. AU - Wilson, David M.. AU - Smith, Lynwood H.. PY - 1993/8. Y1 - 1993/8. N2 - To determine the range of normal values, we studied urinary excretion of oxalate and glycolate prospectively and longitudinally in a cohort of 30 healthy term infants. Random urine samples were obtained at 2 days, 2 weeks, and 2, 4, 6, and 9 months of age. The results had a log-normal distribution. The mean oxalate/cretinine ratio, as determined by the oxalate oxidasee method, was 0.08 (in milligrams of oxalate to milligrams of creatinine) with a normalized range of 0.02 to 0.31. The mean ratio when oxalates were measured by using the Olthuis assay was 0.13 (range 0.03 to 0.53). The mean glycolate/creatinine ratio was 0.07 (range 0.02 to 0.26). These values did not correlate with ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/urinary-oxalate-and-glycolate-excretion-patterns-in-the-first-yea
The conditioned eyeblink response: a role for the GABA-B receptor? - Semantic ScholarThe conditioned eyeblink response: a role for the GABA-B receptor? - Semantic Scholar
In well-trained animals, infusion of the GABA-B agonist baclofen into the cerebellar interpositus nucleus and overlying cortex abolished the conditioned response (CR) with no effect on the unconditioned response (UR) with doses at or above 5.0 mM. Infusion of the GABA-B antagonist CGP 5584-5A alone had no effect on the CR or UR. However, administration of 5 mM baclofen soon after infusion of CGP 5584-5A (15 min) resulted in no reduction of percent CR and only partial reduction of CR amplitude. Naive animals given interpositus infusions of baclofen during training showed no learning, yet learned normally in postinfusion training. The distribution of (radiolabelled) baclofen was localized and remained within the cerebellum. The results presented here are consistent with a growing body of literature supporting the hypothesis that the memory trace for eyeblink conditioning is formed and stored in the cerebellum and may involve GABAergic mechanisms.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-conditioned-eyeblink-response-a-role-for-the-G-Ramirez-Nordholm/563270b4d9423b82f465fe3d134c4a411354ce68
Synapse formation is associated with memory storage in the cerebellum | PNASSynapse formation is associated with memory storage in the cerebellum | PNAS
The idea that memory is encoded by means of synaptic growth is not new. However, this idea has been difficult to demonstrate in the mammalian brain because of both the complexity of mammalian behavior and the neural circuitry by which it is supported. Here we examine how eyeblink classical conditioning affects synapse number within the cerebellum; the brain region essential for long-term retention of the conditioned response. Results showed eyeblink-conditioned rats to have significantly more synapses per neuron within the cerebellar interpositus nucleus than both explicitly unpaired and untrained controls. Further analysis showed that the increase was caused by the addition of excitatory rather than inhibitory synapses. Thus, development of the conditioned eyeblink response is associated with a strengthening of inputs from precerebellar nuclei rather than from cerebellar cortex. These results demonstrate that the modifications of specific neural pathways by means of synaptogenesis contributes ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/99/20/13228.abstract
Cerebellar outflow lesions: A comparison of movement deficits resulting from lesions at the levels of the cerebellum and...Cerebellar outflow lesions: A comparison of movement deficits resulting from lesions at the levels of the cerebellum and...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cerebellar outflow lesions. T2 - A comparison of movement deficits resulting from lesions at the levels of the cerebellum and thalamus. AU - Bastian, A. J.. AU - Thach, W. T.. PY - 1995/12. Y1 - 1995/12. N2 - Previous work has shown that lesions in the lateral cerebellum involving the dentate nucleus impair both reaching and pinching movements in humans and monkeys. This study addressed the question of whether disruption of the cerebellar‐thalamo‐cortical pathway at the level of the thalamus would produce behavioral deficits similar to those seen after dentate damage. We compared the performance of both reaching and pinching movements in patients with lateral cerebellar lesions and in patients with discrete lesions of the ventrolateral thalamus. The patients with thalamic lesions had minimal or no sensory loss and no corticospinal signs, suggesting that the abnormal movements were due to disruption of the cerebellar projection to the thalamus. We found that lesions of the ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cerebellar-outflow-lesions-a-comparison-of-movement-deficits-resu-4
A guide to in vivo optogenetic applications for cerebellar studiesA guide to in vivo optogenetic applications for cerebellar studies
The mammalian cerebellum consists of a superficial cortex and centrally located output nuclei, which together with brainstem nuclei are organized in a modular fashion. Regardless of the function, these cerebellar modules consist of the same cell types, and their connectivity has been unraveled to some detail using electrical stimulation experiments. ... read more To unravel the highest level of detail, cell-specific stimulation experiments are warranted, which cannot be accomplished using electrical stimulation. To reach this unprecedented level of specificity, optogenetic applications are now being implemented in cerebellar studies. Due to the extensive knowledge about cell-specific markers in both the cerebellar cortex and the cerebellar nuclei, optogenetics can be applied cell specifically. Ideally the anatomical and electrophysiological characteristics of the cerebellum can be utilized for designing future optogenetic studies. In this chapter we review the opportunities and pitfalls for ...
http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/364739
HKU Scholars Hub: The cerebellar-hypothalamic circuits: Potential pathways underlying cerebellar involvement in somatic...HKU Scholars Hub: The cerebellar-hypothalamic circuits: Potential pathways underlying cerebellar involvement in somatic...
The cerebellum has been considered only as a classical subcortical center for motor control. However, accumulating experimental and clinical evidences have revealed that the cerebellum also plays an important role in cognition, for instance, in learning and memory, as well as in emotional behavior and in nonsomatic activities, such as visceral and immunological responses. Although it is not yet clear through which pathways such cerebellar nonsomatic functions are mediated, the direct bidirectional connections between the cerebellum and the hypothalamus, a high autonomic center, have recently been demonstrated in a series of neuroanatomical investigations on a variety of mammals and indicated to be potential pathways underlying the cerebellar autonomic modulation. The direct hypothalamocerebellar projections originate from the widespread hypothalamic nuclei/areas and terminate in both the cerebellar cortex as multilayered fibers and the cerebellar nuclei. Immunohistochemistry studies have offered ...
http://repository.hku.hk/handle/10722/171746
Nancy Andreasen | Department of PsychiatryNancy Andreasen | Department of Psychiatry
Parker, K. L., Kim, Y. C., Kelley, R. M., Nessler, A. J., Chen, K. H., Muller-Ewald, V. A., Andreasen, N. C. & Narayanan, N. S. (2017). Delta-frequency stimulation of cerebellar projections can compensate for schizophrenia-related medial frontal dysfunction. Molecular Psychiatry, 647-655.. Andreasen, N. C. (2015). John and Alicia Nash: A Beautiful Love Story. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 172(8), 710-713.. Bijanki, K. R., Hodis, B., Magnotta, V. A., Zeien, E. & Andreasen, N. C. (2015). Effects of age on white matter integrity and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 161(1), 29-35. PMID: 24957354.. Rudd, D. S., Axelsen, M., Epping, E. A., Andreasen, N. C. & Wassink, T. H. (2014). A genome-wide CNV analysisof schizophrenia reveals a potential role for a multiple-hit model. Am J Med Genet B, 165B(8), 619-626. PMID: 25228354.. Andreasen, N. C. (2014). Secrets of the Creative Brain. The Atlantic.. Koziol, L. F., Budding, D., Andreasen, N., DArrigo, D., Bulgheroni, S., ...
https://medicine.uiowa.edu/psychiatry/profile/nancy-andreasen
Cerebellum synonyms, cerebellum antonyms - FreeThesaurus.comCerebellum synonyms, cerebellum antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Synonyms for cerebellum in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for cerebellum. 10 words related to cerebellum: arteria cerebelli, cerebellar artery, neural structure, cerebellar hemisphere, dentate nucleus, vermis, vermis cerebelli.... What are synonyms for cerebellum?
https://www.freethesaurus.com/cerebellum
Bassett Collection - Lane Medical Library - Stanford University School of MedicineBassett Collection - Lane Medical Library - Stanford University School of Medicine
The dissection illustrates the manner in which systems of fibers connect the cerebellar cortex with subjacent structures, either as corticofugal fibers passing toward the dentate nucleus (2) or as corticopetal fibers ascending from the restiform body and brachium pontis ...
https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=27-4
KCNC1抗体|Abcam中国|Anti-KCNC1抗体(ab21840)KCNC1抗体|Abcam中国|Anti-KCNC1抗体(ab21840)
KCNC1小鼠多克隆抗体(ab21840)可与小鼠样本反应并经WB实验严格验证，被4篇文献引用。中国75%以上现货，所有产品均提供质保服务，可通过电话、电邮或微信获得本地专属技术支持。
http://www.abcam.cn/kcnc1-antibody-ab21840.html
Plus itPlus it
It has been known for a long time that GABAergic Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex, as well as their target neurons in the cerebellar nuclei, are spontaneously active. The cerebellar output will, therefore, depend on how input is integrated into this spontaneous activity. It has been shown that input from climbing fibers originating in the inferior olive controls the spontaneous activity in Purkinje cells. While blocking climbing fiber input to the Purkinje cells causes a dramatic increase in the firing rate, increased climbing fiber activity results in reduced Purkinje cell activity. However, the exact calibration of this regulation has not been examined systematically. Here we examine the relation between climbing fiber stimulation frequency and Purkinje cell activity in unanesthetized decerebrated ferrets. The results revealed a gradual suppression of Purkinje cell activity, starting at climbing fiber stimulation frequencies as low as 0.5 Hz. At 4 Hz, Purkinje cells were completely ...
http://www.eneuro.org/content/early/2016/01/05/ENEURO.0067-15.2015
Anatomy Pictures: Cerebellum and brainstem | KenhubAnatomy Pictures: Cerebellum and brainstem | Kenhub
Browse freely available diagrams covering Cerebellum, Cerebellar nuclei, Brainstem, Cranial nerve nuclei, Medulla oblongata - hypoglossal nerve level, Medulla oblongata - vagus nerve level - Start learning now!
https://www.kenhub.com/en/start/cerebellum-and-brainstem/atlas
Cerebellar ataxia; Ataxia, Cerebellar; Adiadochokinesis; Cerebellar Dysmetria; DysmetriaCerebellar ataxia; Ataxia, Cerebellar; Adiadochokinesis; Cerebellar Dysmetria; Dysmetria
Cerebellar ataxia; Ataxia, Cerebellar; Adiadochokinesis; Cerebellar Dysmetria; Dysmetria. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible diseases from either several symptoms or a full patient history. A similarity measure between symptoms and diseases is provided.
https://lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.php?term=cerebellar%20ataxia&lang=1
EURORAD - Radiologic Teaching FilesEURORAD - Radiologic Teaching Files
The major MRI signs consist of fused cerebellar hemispheres, with absent or hypoplastic vermis, narrow diamond-shaped fourth ventricle and fused dentate nuclei. In a minority of cases, partial RS has been identified by MRI [3], demonstrating the presence of the nodulus and the anterior vermis and absence of part of the posterior vermis with only partial fusion of the hemispheres in the inferior part [3 ...
http://www.eurorad.org/eurorad/case.php?id=8962
Granular layer synonyms, granular layer antonyms - FreeThesaurus.comGranular layer synonyms, granular layer antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Synonyms for granular layer in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for granular layer. 10 words related to cerebellum: arteria cerebelli, cerebellar artery, neural structure, cerebellar hemisphere, dentate nucleus, vermis, vermis cerebelli.... What are synonyms for granular layer?
http://www.freethesaurus.com/granular+layer
Dysmetria: What Is It, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More | OsmosisDysmetria: What Is It, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More | Osmosis
Dysmetria is the inability to control the distance, speed, and range of motion necessary to perform smoothly coordinated movements
https://www.osmosis.org/answers/dysmetria
ReboundRebound
I am currently having rebound migraines and I have had them for the past 2 months. Four years ago I was in a rebound cycle before and it lasted about ...
https://www.healingwell.com/community/default.aspx?f=31&m=1504886
Rebound Gyno - AnabolicMinds.comRebound Gyno - AnabolicMinds.com
Hi all After the rise in Gyno related posts, I thought I should add to it. LOL well not really, more of a question to ease my mind. I dont want gyno!
http://anabolicminds.com/forum/steroids/212891-rebound-gyno.html
FlocculusFlocculus
"Pontine Nuclei and Middle Cerebellar Penduncle". Archived from the original on 30 March 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2013. ... "Projections of individual purkinje cells of identified zones in the flocculus to the vestibular and cerebellar nuclei in the ... Ito, M (1982). "Cerebellar Control of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex--Around the Flocculus Hypothesis". Annual Review of ... The first and third zones of the flocculus project to the superior vestibular nucleus, the second and fourth zone projects to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flocculus
Victoria Chan-PalayVictoria Chan-Palay
Chan-Palay, Victoria (1977). Cerebellar dentate nucleus: organization, cytology and transmitters. Springer-Verlag. OCLC 2542632 ... Palay, Sanford L.; Chan-Palay, Victoria (1974). Cerebellar cortex: cytology and organization. Springer. ISBN 9783642655814. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Chan-Palay
Bruns apraxiaBruns apraxia
"Pontine Nuclei and Middle Cerebellar Peduncle" Medical Neurosciences 731. UW-Madison Medical School. "Archived copy". Archived ... This indicates that cerebellar function is intact and that the presented symptoms of Bruns apraxia are due to damage located ... Unlike ataxias of cerebellar origin, Bruns apraxia exhibits many frontal lobe ataxia characteristics, with some or all present ... Walking stride in cerebellar ataxia varies dramatically, accompanied by erratic foot placement and sudden, uncontrolled ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruns_apraxia
Arbor vitae (anatomy)Arbor vitae (anatomy)
Situated within the arbor vitae are the deep cerebellar nuclei; the dentate, globose, emboliform and the fastigial nuclei. ... Arbor vitae and cerebellar peduncles. Saladin, Keneth (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. New York ... In some ways it more resembles a fern and is present in both cerebellar hemispheres. It brings sensory and motor information to ... The arbor vitae /ˌɑːrbɔːr ˈvaɪtiː/ (Latin for "tree of life") is the cerebellar white matter, so called for its branched, tree- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbor_vitae_(anatomy)
Zona incertaZona incerta
These projections originate from various cerebellar nuclei and are glutamatergic. Given the cerebellar contributions to motor ... parafascicular nucleus and central lateral nucleus) and higher-order nuclei such as the lateral posterior nucleus. The zona ... Brainstem Zona incerta receives input from many parts of the brainstem nuclei including the periaqueductal gray, raphe nuclei, ... It is regulated by inputs from brainstem cholinergic nuclei such as the Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and pedunculopontine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_incerta
CerebellumCerebellum
The fibers arise from the deep cerebellar nuclei. The middle cerebellar peduncle is connected to the pons and receives all of ... A climbing fiber gives off collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei before entering the cerebellar cortex, where it splits ... These are the superior cerebellar peduncle, the middle cerebellar peduncle and the inferior cerebellar peduncle, named by their ... one of the deep cerebellar nuclei) or to a few specific points in the cerebellar cortex would abolish learning of a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellum
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiencySuccinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Similar abnormalities have been identified in the brainstem and cerebellar dentate nucleus. Signal intensity on a T2 image may ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinic_semialdehyde_dehydrogenase_deficiency
Long-term potentiationLong-term potentiation
Ouardouz M, Sastry BR (2000). "Mechanisms underlying LTP of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the deep cerebellar nuclei". ... and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Studies have demonstrated that VTA and NAc synapses are capable of undergoing LTP[62] and that ... that initiates gene expression in the cell nucleus. At the same synapse (but not the unstimulated synapse), local protein ... "Synaptic plasticity in fear conditioning circuits: induction of LTP in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala by stimulation of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_term_potentiation
Long-term potentiationLong-term potentiation
Ouardouz M, Sastry BR (2000). "Mechanisms underlying LTP of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the deep cerebellar nuclei". ... and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Studies have demonstrated that VTA and NAc synapses are capable of undergoing LTP and that this ... induction of LTP in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala by stimulation of the medial geniculate body" (PDF). The Journal of ... that initiates gene expression in the cell nucleus. At the same synapse (but not the unstimulated synapse), local protein ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_potentiation
Dendritic spikeDendritic spike
In deep cerebellar nuclei, calcium currents are not uniformly distributed along a dendrite. The relative strength of LVA ... Spatial distribution of low- and high-voltage-activated calcium currents in neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei. Journal of ... For example, backward propagation of action potentials is very limited in cerebellar Purkinje cells but is quite prevalent in ... Electrophysiological properties of in vitro purkinje cell dendrites in mammalian cerebellar slices. Journal of Physiology 305: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendritic_spike
BurstingBursting
Purkinje neurons may utilise these bursting forms in information coding to the deep cerebellar nuclei. Action potential Central ... Cerebellar Purkinje neurons have been proposed to have two distinct bursting modes: dendritically driven, by dendritic Ca2+ ... "The Sodium-Potassium Pump Controls the Intrinsic Firing of the Cerebellar Purkinje Neuron". PLOS ONE. 7 (12): e51169. Bibcode: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursting
Guy CheronGuy Cheron
"Purkinje cell BKchannel ablation induces abnormal rhythm in deep cerebellar nuclei and prevents Ltd". Scientific Reports. 8 (1 ... In 1986, he has discovered, together with E. Godaux, the localization of the oculomotor neural integrator (NI) in the nucleus ... "Cerebellar contribution to visuo-attentional alpha rhythm: insights from weightlessness". Cite journal requires ,journal= (help ... "Differential effect of injections of kainic acid into the prepositus and the vestibular nuclei of the cat". The Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Cheron
Benedikt syndromeBenedikt syndrome
Neuroanatomical structures affected include the oculomotor nucleus, red nucleus, corticospinal tracts and superior cerebellar ... Cerebellar ataxia: involuntary movements. Deep brain stimulation may provide relief from some symptoms of Benedikt syndrome, ... It is characterized by the presence of an oculomotor nerve (CN III) palsy and cerebellar ataxia including tremor and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikt_syndrome
PolioPolio
... vestibular nuclei, cerebellar vermis, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Inflammation associated with nerve cell destruction often ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio
CP-93129CP-93129
"Modulatory effects of serotonin on GABAergic synaptic transmission and membrane properties in the deep cerebellar nuclei". ... "5-HT1B receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition of GABA release in the suprachiasmatic nucleus". Journal of Neurophysiology. 93 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP-93129
AGTPBP1 (gene)AGTPBP1 (gene)
In particular, GABA concentrations decreased in the deep cerebellar nuclei, target of Purkinje axons, but not in cerebellar ... Dopamine transporter binding increased in deep cerebellar nuclei but decreased in the cerebellar molecular layer of Agtpbp1-pcd ... Non-NMDA receptor binding decreased in molecular and granule cell layers of the cerebellar cortex but not the deep nuclei of ... In line with the Purkinje cell loss, the number of GABAergic terminal boutons declined in deep cerebellar nuclei of Agtpbp1-pcd ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGTPBP1_(gene)
Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophyDentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy
... nucleus raphes pontis, pontine nuclei, vestibular nucleus, inferior olive and the cerebellar dentate nucleus. The juvenile type ... subthalamic nucleus, thalamic intralaminar nucleus, lateral geniculate body, oculomotor nucleus, red nucleus, substantia nigra ... 2000). "Ubiquitinated filamentous inclusions in cerebellar dentate nucleus neurons in dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy ... cerebellar cortex and dentate nucleus, though the incidence of neurons with NIIs is low, roughly 1-3%. In DRPLA, the NIIs are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentatorubral–pallidoluysian_atrophy
White matter dissectionWhite matter dissection
Revealing the cerebellar nuclei and their white matter connections". Anatomical Sciences Education. 7 (1): 47-55. doi:10.1002/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_matter_dissection
Eyeblink conditioningEyeblink conditioning
... to the cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle, and terminate in both the cerebellar nuclei, and at granule cells (GR) of ... Output from the interpositus nucleus includes projections to the red nucleus, and the red nucleus sends projections to the ... Climbing fibers ultimately project to both the deep cerebellar nuclei and Purkinje cells (PCs) in the cerebellar cortex. The ... cells of the cerebellar nuclei receive GABA-ergic inhibitory input from PCs of the cerebellar cortex. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyeblink_conditioning
Axon terminalAxon terminal
"Neurochemical and morphological consequences of axon terminal degeneration in cerebellar deep nuclei of mice with inherited ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_terminal
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
"Broad therapeutic benefit after RNAi expression vector delivery to deep cerebellar nuclei: implications for spinocerebellar ... Holmes G (1908). "An Attempt to Classify Cerebellar Disease, with a Note on Marie's Hereditary Cerebellar Ataxia". Brain. 30 (4 ... "Progressive impairment of cerebellar mGluR signalling and its therapeutic potential for cerebellar ataxia in spinocerebellar ... This cerebellar dysfunction is progressive and permanent. First onset of symptoms is normally between 30 and 40 years of age, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocerebellar_ataxia_type_1
Ligand-gated ion channelLigand-gated ion channel
"Role of GABAB receptors in GABA and baclofen-induced inhibition of adult rat cerebellar interpositus nucleus neurons in vitro ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand-gated_ion_channel
Cerebral arteriovenous malformationCerebral arteriovenous malformation
These include the sensorimotor cortices, deep cerebellar nuclei, cerebral peduncles, thalamus, hypothalamus, internal capsule, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_arteriovenous_malformation
GABAA receptorGABAA receptor
"Role of GABAB receptors in GABA and baclofen-induced inhibition of adult rat cerebellar interpositus nucleus neurons in vitro ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABAA_receptor
ChromatolysisChromatolysis
... particularly in the pontine nuclei and the cerebellar dentate nuclei. Nuclei of cranial nerves, arcuate nuclei, and posterior ... The event of chromatolysis is also characterized by a prominent migration of the nucleus towards the periphery of the cell and ... The loss of staining begins near the nucleus and spreads toward the axon hillock. The basophilic rim is formed as chromatolysis ... In neurons receiving axonal transection, central chromatolysis is observed in the area between the nucleus and the axon hillock ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatolysis
Mossy fiber (cerebellum)Mossy fiber (cerebellum)
... and feedback from deep cerebellar nuclei. Axons enter the cerebellum via the middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles, where ... some branch to make contact with deep cerebellar nuclei. They ascend into the white matter of the cerebellum, where each axon ... Climbing fiber Mossy fiber (hippocampus), which shares little similarity with its cerebellar namesake. Dale Purves; et al. ( ... Other contributors include the vestibular nerve and nuclei, the spinal cord, the reticular formation, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossy_fiber_(cerebellum)
Rhombic lipRhombic lip
Producing granule cells and five brainstem nuclei, the rhombic lip plays an important role in developing a complex cerebellar ... The other four nuclei (the external cuneate nucleus, the lateral reticular nucleus, the pontine nucleus, and the thalamic ... and deep cerebellar nuclei. Located between the fourth ventricle and the roofplate, the rhombic lip extends from r1-r8 and can ... Mossy fibers, which are mostly found in the precerebellar nuclei, make contact with granule cells in the IGL. Granule neurons ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhombic_lip
FOXP2FOXP2
It was also found to be highly expressed in the Purkinje cells and cerebellar nuclei of the cortico-cerebellar circuits. High ... FOXP2 was also found in the medial geniculate nucleus of the mouse brain, which is the processing area that auditory inputs ... In a mouse FOXP2 gene knockouts, loss of both copies of the gene causes severe motor impairment related to cerebellar ... Mice that have the R552H point mutation carried by the KE family show cerebellar reduction and abnormal synaptic plasticity in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOXP2
RhombencephalosynapsisRhombencephalosynapsis
There is dorsal fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, fusion of the dentate nuclei, and fusion of the middle cerebellar ... The cerebellar vermis is either absent or only partially formed, and fusion is seen in varying degree between the cerebellar ... hemispheres, fusion of the middle cerebellar peduncles, and fusion of the dentate nuclei. Findings range from mild truncal ... The degree of severity of this disorder is associated with the degree of maldevelopment of the cerebellar vermis. Aqueductal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhombencephalosynapsis
Jan K. S. JansenJan K. S. Jansen
degree with the thesis Afferent impulses to the cerebellar hemispheres from the cerebral cortex and certain subcortical nuclei ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_K._S._Jansen
Neuroscience of musicNeuroscience of music
The auditory nerve then leads to several layers of synapses at numerous nuclei in the auditory brainstem. These nuclei are also ... Koeneke, Susan; Lutz, Kai; Wüstenberg, Torsten; Jäncke, Lutz (2004). "Long-term training affects cerebellar processing in ... Phase-locking to stimulus frequencies has been shown in the auditory nerve,[5][6] the cochlear nucleus,[5][7] the inferior ... Nucleus accumbens (a part of striatum) is involved in both music related emotions, as well as rhythmic timing. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_neuroscience_of_music
JC virusJC virus
Additionally, analysis of the sub-cellular localization of JC CPN virions in nuclei, cytoplasm, and axons suggests that the ... ultimately causing severe cerebellar atrophy.[14] This syndrome, called JCV granule cell layer neuronopathy (JCV GCN), is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jc_virus
Brain-derived neurotrophic factorBrain-derived neurotrophic factor
Knockout mice also exhibit cerebellar abnormalities and an increase in the number of sympathetic neurons.[20] ... TrkB inhibition results in a 2-3 fold increase in cortical precursors displaying EGFP-positive condensed apoptotic nuclei and a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BDNF
AmmTX3AmmTX3
For example, in the solitary nucleus, the A-type potassium current is Kv4-mediated. Therefore, presence of AmmTX3 in the ... While AmmTX3 nearly completely blocks the transient component of the A-type potassium current in cerebellar granular neurons at ... solitary nucleus cells blocks the A-type potassium current almost completely. Similar effects have been found in the ... underlie A-currents with highly variable inactivation time courses but homogeneous other gating properties in the nucleus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmmTX3
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiencySuccinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Similar abnormalities have been identified in the brainstem and cerebellar dentate nucleus.[2] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-hydroxybutyric_aciduria
StutteringStuttering
Injuries to the brain and spinal cord, including cortex, subcortex, cerebellar, and even the neural pathway regions.[2] ... of the midbrain has been found at the level of the substantia nigra extended to the red nucleus and subthalamic nucleus, which ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stammer
Granule cellGranule cell
Cerebellar granule cells receive excitatory input from 3 or 4 mossy fibers originating from pontine nuclei. Mossy fibers make ... Cerebellar granule cell[edit]. Main article: Cerebellar granule cell. The granule cells, produced by the rhombic lip, are found ... Dorsal cochlear nucleus granule cell[edit]. The granule cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus are small neurons with two or ... These granule cells receive excitatory input from mossy fibers originating from pontine nuclei. Cerebellar granule cells ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granule_cell
Glutamate decarboxylaseGlutamate decarboxylase
Cerebellar purjinke cells also reported a 40% downregulation, suggesting that affected cerebellar nuclei may disrupt output to ... Cerebellar disorders[edit]. Intracerebellar administration of GAD autoantibodies to animals increases the excitability of ... The bilateral delivery of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) by an adeno-associated viral vector into the subthalamic nucleus of ... Epitope recognition contributes to cerebellar involvement.[29] Reduced GABA levels increase glutamate levels as a consequence ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAD_antibodies
Essential tremorEssential tremor
Louis ED, Zheng W, Mao X, Shungu DC (August 2007). "Blood harmane is correlated with cerebellar metabolism in essential tremor ... "Defective dentate nucleus GABA receptors in essential tremor". Brain. 135 (Pt 1): 105-16. doi:10.1093/brain/awr301. PMID ... Impairment of Purkinje synapses is a component of cerebellar degradation that could underlie essential tremor.[31] Some cases ... ET cases that progress to Parkinson's disease are less likely to have had cerebellar problems.[35] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_tremor
VertigoVertigo
... the connections between the cerebellar Purkinje cells, and the lateral vestibular nucleus, and the vertical VOR. ... Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to be inhibitory for the commissures of the medial vestibular nucleus, ... tumors present in the cerebellopontine angle such as a vestibular schwannoma or cerebellar tumors,[9][11] epilepsy,[21] ... idiopathic asymmetric activation of the vestibular nuclei in the brainstem, and vasospasm of the blood vessels supplying the ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertigo
Programmed cell deathProgrammed cell death
Fan, H (2001). "Elimination of Bax expression in mice increases cerebellar Purkinje cell numbers but not the number of granule ... trigeminal nucleus, cerebellum, and spinal cord. However, PCD of neurons due to Bax deletion or Bcl-2 overexpression does not ... doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90266-6. Zanjani, HS (1996). "Increased cerebellar Purkinje cell numbers in mice overexpressing a ... by the formation of large vacuoles that eat away organelles in a specific sequence prior to the destruction of the nucleus.) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_cell_death
Medulla oblongataMedulla oblongata
The nucleus ambiguus, which form the special visceral efferent.. *The dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve and the inferior salivatory ... Posterior inferior cerebellar artery: This is a major branch of the vertebral artery, and supplies the posterolateral part of ... They are caused by masses of gray matter known as the gracile nucleus and the cuneate nucleus. The soma (cell bodies) in these ... The basal plate neuroblasts will give rise to the motor nuclei.. *Alar plate neuroblasts give rise to: *The solitary nucleus, ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulla_oblongata
Central retinal arteryCentral retinal artery
... which carries the visual information to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, including those that reach over the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_retinal_artery
Mitochondrial diseaseMitochondrial disease
Mitochondria possess many of the same DNA repair pathways as nuclei do-but not all of them;[10] therefore, mutations occur more ... Cerebellar atrophy or hypoplasia has sometimes been reported to be associated.[8] ... "Cerebellar Ataxia in Patients with Mitochondrial DNA Disease". Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology. 71 (2): 148 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_disease
Category:Stub-Class neuroscience articlesCategory:Stub-Class neuroscience articles
Talk:Accessory abducens nucleus. *Talk:Accessory cuneate nucleus. *Talk:Accessory facial motor nucleus ... Talk:Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia type 1. *Talk:Aurore Avarguès-Weber. B. *Talk:Basal dendrite ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Stub-Class_neuroscience_articles
Multiple system atrophyMultiple system atrophy
MSA with cerebellar features (MSA-C). MSA-C is defined as MSA where cerebellar ataxia predominates. It is sometimes termed ... immunoreactivity in fibrillary components of neuronal and oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions in the pontine nuclei in ... MSA-C, "c" = cerebellar dysfunction subtype Shy-Drager syndrome. characterized by Parkinsonism plus a more pronounced failure ... Both MRI and CT scanning frequently show a decrease in the size of the cerebellum and pons in those with cerebellar features ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_System_Atrophy
Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cordSubacute combined degeneration of spinal cord
Neuroaxonal swellings are seen in the gracile and cuneate nuclei. Similar changes can be produced in rats and monkeys with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subacute_combined_degeneration_of_spinal_cord
ParvovirusParvovirus
Mink enteritis virus is similar in effect to feline panleukopenia, except that it does not cause cerebellar hypoplasia. A ... The mRNAs are transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm where the host ribosomes translate them into viral proteins. ... Once in the cytoplasm, the intact virus is translocated to the nucleus prior to uncoating. Transcription only initiates when ... Unlike plasma membrane infection plasticity, all strains of parvovirus show related routes to the cell nucleus. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvo
AnoreksiAnoreksi
Addolorato G, Taranto C, Capristo E, Gasbarrini G (1998). «A case of marked cerebellar atrophy in a woman with anorexia nervosa ... Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus increases energy expenditure by elevating ...
https://no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoreksi
GABAB receptor - Википедија, слободна енциклопедијаGABAB receptor - Википедија, слободна енциклопедија
Role of GABAB receptors in GABA and baclofen-induced inhibition of adult rat cerebellar interpositus nucleus neurons in vitro ...
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABAB_receptor
腦 - 維基百科，自由的百科全書腦 - 維基百科，自由的百科全書
nuclei（英語：List of thalamic nuclei）. *paired: AN（英語：Anterior nuclei of thalamus） ... 上小腦腳（英語：Superior cerebellar peduncle） *交叉（英語：Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles） ... VP（英語：Ventral posterior nucleus）/VPM（英語：Ventral posteromedial nucleus）/VPL（英語：Ventral posterolateral nucleus） ... 基底核的結構，在兩張腦的切面中展示。藍色：尾狀核（Caudate nucleus）、核殼（英語：putamen）；綠色：蒼白球（
https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/腦
Medial globus pallidusMedial globus pallidus
Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell. *Inferior olivary nucleus → ... The medial globus pallidus acts to tonically inhibit the ventral lateral nucleus and ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus. ... The medial globus pallidus (or internal globus pallidus, GPi) is one of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia (the other being ... Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_globus_pallidus
5-HT2A receptor5-HT2A receptor
"Serotonin2A receptor-like immunoreactivity in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells". Neuroscience Letters. 252 (1): 72-4. doi:10.1016/ ... "Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder have increased 5-HT2A receptor binding in the caudate nuclei". The International ... Another PET study reported increased altanserin binding in the caudate nuclei in obsessive compulsive disorder patients ... "Evidence that 5-HT2A receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus mediate neuroendocrine responses to (-)DOI". The ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-HT2A_receptor
Gait (human)Gait (human)
CLR - Cerebellar Locomotor Region. These centers are coordinated with the posture control systems in place in the cerebral ... "Imagined gait modulates neuronal network dynamics in the human pedunculopontine nucleus" (PDF). Nature Neuroscience. 17 (3): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gait_(human)
Neural pathwayNeural pathway
Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell. *Inferior olivary nucleus → ... pons: Cochlear nucleus (Anterior, Dorsal) → Trapezoid body → Superior olivary nuclei →. *midbrain: Lateral lemniscus → Inferior ... Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex ... Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_pathway
Oskar VogtOskar Vogt
She distinguished from back to front the lemnical radiation and a particular nucleus, in front of it the cerebellar ( ... This was including the caudate nucleus, the putamen and the fundus. Eponym[edit]. The Vogt-Vogt syndrome is an extrapyramidal ... prelemniscal) radiation with another nucleus and more anteriorly the "lenticular" radiation. This system still describes the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Vogt
Spinal trigeminal nucleusSpinal trigeminal nucleus
Inferior cerebellar peduncle *Vestibulocerebellar tract. *Medial longitudinal fasciculus *Vestibulospinal tract. *Medial ... Spinal trigeminal nucleus. The cranial nerve nuclei schematically represented; dorsal view. Motor nuclei in red; sensory in ... The spinal trigeminal nucleus is a nucleus in the medulla that receives information about deep/crude touch, pain, and ... This nucleus projects to the ventral posteriomedial (VPM) nucleus in the contralateral thalamus via the ventral trigeminal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus
Development of the nervous systemDevelopment of the nervous system
... around the nucleus elongates and contracts in association with the centrosome to guide the nucleus to its final destination.[18 ... "Traveling waves in developing cerebellar cortex mediated by asymmetrical Purkinje cell connectivity". Nature Neuroscience. 12 ... Activation of the type 1 receptor leads to phosphorylation of Smad proteins, which translocate to the nucleus to activate gene ... JAK kinase phosphorylates STAT proteins, which dissociate from the receptor and translocate to the nucleus to regulate gene ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_development
Affective neuroscienceAffective neuroscience
One part of the ventral striatum called the nucleus accumbens is thought to be involved in the experience pleasure.[24] ... Lesion studies[27] have shown that cerebellar dysfunction can attenuate the experience of positive emotions. While these same ... Basal ganglia - Basal ganglia are groups of nuclei found on either side of the thalamus. Basal ganglia play an important role ... "Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome" has been described.[26] Both neuroimaging studies as well as studies following ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affective_neuroscience
Deep cerebellar nuclei - WikipediaDeep cerebellar nuclei - Wikipedia
The cerebellum has four deep cerebellar nuclei embedded in the white matter in its center. These nuclei receive inhibitory ( ... the term interposed nucleus is often used to refer collectively to these two nuclei. In general, each pair of deep nuclei is ... The vestibular nuclei in the brainstem are analogous structures to the deep nuclei, since they receive both mossy fiber and ... from the flocculonodular lobe synapse directly on vestibular nuclei without first passing through the deep cerebellar nuclei. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_cerebellar_nuclei
Cerebellar Nuclei and the Inferior Olivary Nuclei: Organization and Connections | SpringerLinkCerebellar Nuclei and the Inferior Olivary Nuclei: Organization and Connections | SpringerLink
... are the target of the axons of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex. Each of these nuclei receives a projection from a ... The cerebellar nuclei, together with certain vestibular nuclei, ... Cerebellar Nuclei and the Inferior Olivary Nuclei: Organization ... Vestibular Nucleus Cerebellar Nucleus Inferior Olive Climbing Fiber Fastigial Nucleus These keywords were added by machine and ... The cerebellar nuclei, together with certain vestibular nuclei, are the target of the axons of the Purkinje cells of the ...
https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-94-007-1333-8_19
Peculiarities of cerebellar excitation of facial nucleus motoneurons. - PubMed - NCBIPeculiarities of cerebellar excitation of facial nucleus motoneurons. - PubMed - NCBI
Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) of facial nucleus motoneurons evoked by stimulation of the cerebellar nuclei, were ... Peculiarities of cerebellar excitation of facial nucleus motoneurons.. Fanardjian VV, Manvelyan LR. ... the red nucleus it is suggested that this structure is implicated in the mechanisms and pathways through which the cerebellar ... It is shown that the stimulation of nucleus interpositus and dentatus evoked mono-, oligo- and polysynaptic EPSPs in facial ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6493608
The Projections of the Lateral Reticular Nucleus to the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei. An Experimental Analysis in the Rat - Parenti -...The Projections of the Lateral Reticular Nucleus to the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei. An Experimental Analysis in the Rat - Parenti -...
... to the nucleus lateralis and to the nucleus medialis. The projections to the various cerebellar nuclei arise from ... Projections of the basilar pontine nuclei and nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis to the cerebellar nuclei of the rat, The ... The Projections of the Lateral Reticular Nucleus to the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei. An Experimental Analysis in the Rat. Authors. * ... The projections of the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) to the cerebellar nuclei were studied using the retrograde axonal ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb00737.x/abstract
Role of the cerebellar deep nuclei in respiratory modulationRole of the cerebellar deep nuclei in respiratory modulation
... interposed and lateral nucleus. Recent studies demonstrate that these nuclei play different roles in respiratory modulation. ... The cerebellum contains three deep nuclei, i.e., the fastigial, ... Role of the cerebellar deep nuclei in respiratory modulation ... The cerebellum contains three deep nuclei, i.e., the fastigial, interposed and lateral nucleus. Recent studies demonstrate that ... The fastigial nucleus contains respiratory-modulated neurons and about 25% of these neurons do not show their respiratory- ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12879972/?dopt=Abstract
Influences of cerebellar interpositus nucleus and fastigial nucleus on neuronal activity of lateral hypothalamic area |...Influences of cerebellar interpositus nucleus and fastigial nucleus on neuronal activity of lateral hypothalamic area |...
Stimulation of cerebellar interpositus nucleus and fastigial nucleus could influence the neuronal activity of lateral ... interpasitus nucleus fastigial nucleus lateral hypothalamic area cerebella-hypothalamic projections cerebellar non-somatic ... Influences of cerebellar interpositus nucleus and fastigial nucleus on neuronal activity of lateral hypothalamic area. ... Stimulation of cerebellar interpositus nucleus and fastigial nucleus could influence the neuronal activity of lateral ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02882046
Morphological and electrophysiological properties of GABAergic and non-GABAergic cells in the deep cerebellar nucleiMorphological and electrophysiological properties of GABAergic and non-GABAergic cells in the deep cerebellar nuclei
... and the spinal cord with Purkinje cell output from cerebellar cortex and provide the major output of the cerebellum. Despite ... The deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) integrate inputs from the brain stem, the inferior olive, ... The deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) integrate inputs from the brain stem, the inferior olive, and the spinal cord with Purkinje ... Morphological and electrophysiological properties of GABAergic and non-GABAergic cells in the deep cerebellar nuclei J ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17093116/
Prolonged Postinhibitory Rebound Firing in the Cerebellar Nuclei Mediated by Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor...Prolonged Postinhibitory Rebound Firing in the Cerebellar Nuclei Mediated by Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor...
2010) Differential olivo-cerebellar cortical control of rebound activity in the cerebellar nuclei. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107 ... Neurons in the cerebellar nuclei form the final stage of cerebellar processing. These spontaneously firing cells integrate ... Together, these data suggest that prolonged rebound firing in the cerebellar nuclei in vivo is most likely to occur when GABAA ... Neurons in the cerebellar nuclei fire at accelerated rates for prolonged periods after trains of synaptic inhibition that ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/31/28/10283.long
Mechanisms of Potentiation of Mossy Fiber EPSCs in the Cerebellar Nuclei by Coincident Synaptic Excitation and Inhibition |...Mechanisms of Potentiation of Mossy Fiber EPSCs in the Cerebellar Nuclei by Coincident Synaptic Excitation and Inhibition |...
Neurons of the cerebellar nuclei receive synaptic excitation from cerebellar mossy fibers. Unlike in many principal neurons, ... 1992) Excitatory synaptic potentials in neurons of the deep nuclei in olivo-cerebellar slice cultures. Neuroscience 49:903-911. ... Neurons of the cerebellar nuclei, which receive excitatory synaptic input primarily from mossy fibers and inhibitory synaptic ... Plasticity of EPSCs in the cerebellar nuclei depends on the relative timing of synaptic excitation and the rebound. A, Left, ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/28/42/10549
Involvement of cerebellar cortex and nuclei in the genesis and control of unconditioned and conditioned eyelid motor responses....Involvement of cerebellar cortex and nuclei in the genesis and control of unconditioned and conditioned eyelid motor responses....
Involvement of cerebellar cortex and nuclei in the genesis and control of unconditioned and conditioned eyelid motor responses. ... but that cerebellar nuclei are directly involved in the performance of the late components of reflex lid movements and in the ... conditioned lid responses were recorded in alert cats in simultaneity with unitary and field electrical activity of cerebellar ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9193163?dopt=Abstract
Cerebellar nuclei | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.orgCerebellar nuclei | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
They are arranged in the following order: dentate nuclei (the largest and most lateral) emboliform nuclei globose nuclei fasti ... The cerebellar nuclei comprise of 4 paired deep grey matter deep within the cerebellum near the fourth ventricle. ... fastigial nuclei (most medial). They receive inhibitory input from the axon of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and are ... The cerebellar nuclei comprise of 4 paired deep grey matter deep within the cerebellum near the fourth ventricle. They are ...
https://radiopaedia.org/articles/cerebellar-nuclei
RePub, Erasmus University Repository: Intrinsic excitement in cerebellar nuclei neurons during learningRePub, Erasmus University Repository: Intrinsic excitement in cerebellar nuclei neurons during learning
Intrinsic excitement in cerebellar nuclei neurons during learning. Publication. Publication. Proceedings of the National ... Canto, M.I, Broersen, R, & de Zeeuw, C.I. (2018). Intrinsic excitement in cerebellar nuclei neurons during learning. ...
https://repub.eur.nl/pub/110895
Trace eyeblink conditioning is associated with changes in synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus...Trace eyeblink conditioning is associated with changes in synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus...
Cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei are concomitantly activated during eyeblink conditioning: a 7T fMRI study in humans ... On the contrary, the present study confirms that the cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei are both vital in the ... The role of the cerebellar interpositus nucleus in short and long term memory for trace eyeblink conditioning ... Trace eyeblink conditioning is associated with changes in synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus ...
https://portlandpress.com/bioscirep/article/38/3/BSR20170335/57465/Trace-eyeblink-conditioning-is-associated-with
Moderate Renal Failure Accentuates T1 Signal Enhancement in the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei of Gadodiamide-Treated RatsModerate Renal Failure Accentuates T1 Signal Enhancement in the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei of Gadodiamide-Treated Rats
The MR signal enhancement in the deep cerebellar nuclei was monitored by weekly magnetic resonance imaging examinations. One ... Moderate Renal Failure Accentuates T1 Signal Enhancement in the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei of Gadodiamide-Treated Rats. ... the subtotal nephrectomy group presented a significantly higher T1 signal enhancement in the deep cerebellar nuclei and a major ...
https://insights.ovid.com/pubmed?PMID=28067754
RePub, Erasmus University Repository: Dynamic modulation of activity in cerebellar nuclei neurons during pavlovian eyeblink...RePub, Erasmus University Repository: Dynamic modulation of activity in cerebellar nuclei neurons during pavlovian eyeblink...
Dynamic modulation of activity in cerebellar nuclei neurons during pavlovian eyeblink conditioning in mice. Publication. ... Here, we evaluate the dynamics of cerebellar interpositus nucleus (IpN) neurons over the course of Pavlovian eyeblink ... Dynamic modulation of activity in cerebellar nuclei neurons during pavlovian eyeblink conditioning in mice. eLife, 6. doi: ... While research on the cerebellar cortex is crystallizing our understanding of its function in learning behavior, many questions ...
https://repub.eur.nl/pub/104446
ModelDB: Cerebellar Nucleus Neuron (Steuber, Schultheiss, Silver, De Schutter & Jaeger, 2010)ModelDB: Cerebellar Nucleus Neuron (Steuber, Schultheiss, Silver, De Schutter & Jaeger, 2010)
Cerebellar Nucleus Neuron (Steuber, Schultheiss, Silver, De Schutter & Jaeger, 2010). Download zip file Help downloading and ... README for the cerebellar nucleus (CN) neuron model described in the paper: Volker Steuber, Nathan Schultheiss, R. Angus Silver ... This is the GENESIS 2.3 implementation of a multi-compartmental deep cerebellar nucleus (DCN) neuron model with a full ... Robust transmission in the inhibitory Purkinje Cell to Cerebellar Nuclei pathway (Abbasi et al 2017) ...
https://senselab.med.yale.edu/ModelDB/ShowModel?model=136175
Differential GABAergic and glycinergic inputs of inhibitory interneurons and purkinje cells to principal cells of the...Differential GABAergic and glycinergic inputs of inhibitory interneurons and purkinje cells to principal cells of the...
The principal neurons of the cerebellar nuclei (CN), the sole output of the olivo-cerebellar system, receive a massive ... The principal neurons of the cerebellar nuclei (CN), the sole output of the olivo-cerebellar system, receive a massive ... GABAergic and glycinergic inputs of inhibitory interneurons and purkinje cells to principal cells of the cerebellar nuclei ZORA ... GABAergic and glycinergic inputs of inhibitory interneurons and purkinje cells to principal cells of the cerebellar nuclei. ...
https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/97768/
Effect of electrical stimulation to cerebellar fastigial nucleus on the protein and gene expressions of nuclear factor kappa B...Effect of electrical stimulation to cerebellar fastigial nucleus on the protein and gene expressions of nuclear factor kappa B...
... compared with I/R group.Conclusion Fastigial nucleus stimulation inhibits NF-κB/p65 activation and TNF-a transcription,NF-κB/ ... Objective To investigate the mechanism of neuroprotection of cerebellar fastigial nucleus electrical stimulation(FNS) by means ... Effect of electrical stimulation to cerebellar fastigial nucleus on the protein and gene expressions of nuclear factor kappa B/ ... Objective To investigate the mechanism of neuroprotection of cerebellar fastigial nucleus electrical stimulation(FNS) by means ...
http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-YNBZ201703021.htm
ModelDB: Robust transmission in the inhibitory Purkinje Cell to Cerebellar Nuclei pathway (Abbasi et al 2017)ModelDB: Robust transmission in the inhibitory Purkinje Cell to Cerebellar Nuclei pathway (Abbasi et al 2017)
3 . Steuber V, Jaeger D (2013) Modeling the generation of output by the cerebellar nuclei. Neural Netw 47:112-9 [PubMed] 4 . ... Robust transmission in the inhibitory Purkinje Cell to Cerebellar Nuclei pathway (Abbasi et al 2017). Robust transmission in ... Robust transmission in the inhibitory Purkinje Cell to Cerebellar Nuclei pathway (Abbasi et al 2017). Robust transmission in ... Robust transmission in the inhibitory Purkinje Cell to Cerebellar Nuclei pathway (Abbasi et al 2017). ...
https://senselab.med.yale.edu/ModelDB/ShowModel.cshtml?model=229279&file=%2Fcodes%2Fpandora-matlab-1.4compat2%2Fclasses%2F%40doc_generate%2FgetTeXString.m
GABAA receptor kinetics in the cerebellar nuclei: evidence for detection of transmitter from distant release sites. - Semantic...GABAA receptor kinetics in the cerebellar nuclei: evidence for detection of transmitter from distant release sites. - Semantic...
... receptors at 31-33 degrees C in cerebellar nuclear neurons acutely dissociated from mice. Currents were evoked by rapid ... Neurons of the cerebellar nuclei receive GABAergic input from Purkinje cells. Purkinje boutons have several closely spaced ... Noradrenergic Control of Neuronal Firing in Cerebellar Nuclei: Modulation of GABA Responses. *Michela Di Mauro, Guido Li Volsi ... Neurons of the cerebellar nuclei receive GABAergic input from Purkinje cells. Purkinje boutons have several closely spaced ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/GABAA-receptor-kinetics-in-the-cerebellar-nuclei%3A-Pugh-Raman/45264e2df4dbc1db892adfbf548064311a473fbe
Effects of lesion of posterior part of cerebellar vermis and fastigial nuclei on some immune responses in male rats | AbstractEffects of lesion of posterior part of cerebellar vermis and fastigial nuclei on some immune responses in male rats | Abstract
Though the role of fastigial nucleus (FN) and ve.. ... of posterior part of cerebellar vermis and fastigial nuclei on ... Though the role of fastigial nucleus (FN) and vestibulocerebellum on immunomodulation has been investigated, the results are ...
https://www.alliedacademies.org/abstract/effects-of-lesion-of-posterior-part-of-cerebellar-vermis-and-fastigial-nuclei-on-some-immune-responses-in-male-rats-5162.html
Cerebellar nucleus synonyms, cerebellar nucleus antonyms - FreeThesaurus.comCerebellar nucleus synonyms, cerebellar nucleus antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Antonyms for cerebellar nucleus. 19 synonyms for nucleus: centre, heart, focus, basis, core, pivot, kernel, nub, bud, embryo, ... germ, kernel, seed, spark, cell nucleus, karyon, core, core group. What are synonyms for cerebellar nucleus? ... Cerebellar nucleus synonyms, cerebellar nucleus antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com https://www.freethesaurus.com/cerebellar+nucleus ... nucleus. (redirected from cerebellar nucleus). Also found in: Dictionary, Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia. #vtZoom,.vt-link{cursor ...
https://www.freethesaurus.com/cerebellar+nucleus
Morphology of axon collaterals of single climbing fibers in the deep cerebellar nuclei of the rat - Semantic ScholarMorphology of axon collaterals of single climbing fibers in the deep cerebellar nuclei of the rat - Semantic Scholar
... neurons to the deep cerebellar nuclei (CN) was investigated in the rat by reconstructing single axons that were labeled with ... Synaptic excitation by climbing fibre collaterals in the cerebellar nuclei of juvenile and adult mice.. *Marion Najac, Indira M ... Projection of inferior olive (IO) neurons to the deep cerebellar nuclei (CN) was investigated in the rat by reconstructing ... UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Inhibitory Neural Coding in the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei by Steven Dykstra A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Morphology-of-axon-collaterals-of-single-climbing-Sugihara-Wu/20fc6ec9223b03e9aca592654c627993325597cd
Basal nucleus | definition of basal nucleus by Medical dictionaryBasal nucleus | definition of basal nucleus by Medical dictionary
... basal nucleus explanation free. What is basal nucleus? Meaning of basal nucleus medical term. What does basal nucleus mean? ... Looking for online definition of basal nucleus in the Medical Dictionary? ... Central nucleus of the thalamus.. cerebellar nucleus. One of the four deep (i.e., below the cerebellar cortex) nuclei of each ... Synonym: nucleus caudatus; intraventricular nucleus. nucleus caudatus. Caudate nucleus.. cell nucleus. Nucleus (2).. central ...
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/basal+nucleus
Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders - A Primer | Donna L. Gruol | SpringerEssentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders - A Primer | Donna L. Gruol | Springer
Vestibular Nuclei and Their Cerebellar Connections. Barmack, Neal H.. Pages 69-78 ... Essentials provides a solid grounding in the field of cerebellar research and ataxiology from cerebellar circuity to clinical ... Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders. Book Subtitle. A Primer For Graduate Students. Editors. * Donna L. Gruol ... Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders. A Primer For Graduate Students. Editors: Gruol, D.L., Koibuchi, N., Manto, M ...
http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319245492
Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders - A Primer For Graduate Students | Donna L. Gruol | SpringerEssentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders - A Primer For Graduate Students | Donna L. Gruol | Springer
It is based on the 4-volume treatise, Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders (Springer, 2013), the definitive ... Essentials of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders is the first book of its kind written specifically for graduate students ... Vestibular Nuclei and Their Cerebellar Connections. Pages 69-78. Barmack, Neal H. ... Essentials provides a solid grounding in the field of cerebellar research and ataxiology from cerebellar circuity to clinical ...
https://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319245492
Cerebellar fastigial nucleus: from anatomic construction to physiological functions | Cerebellum & Ataxias | Full TextCerebellar fastigial nucleus: from anatomic construction to physiological functions | Cerebellum & Ataxias | Full Text
We suggest that by bridging the motor and nonmotor systems, the cerebellar FN may help to integrate somatic motor and ... Furthermore, through topographic connections with extensive nonmotor systems, including visceral related nuclei in the ... is the phylogenetically oldest nucleus in the cerebellum, a classical subcortical motor coordinator. As one of the ultimate ... proximal and ocular motor control by projecting to the medial descending systems and eye movement related nuclei. ...
https://cerebellumandataxias.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40673-016-0047-1
Medulloblastomics revisited: biological and clinical insights from thousands of patients | Nature Reviews CancerMedulloblastomics revisited: biological and clinical insights from thousands of patients | Nature Reviews Cancer
Glutamatergic cerebellar nuclei. (GluCN). Also referred to as deep cerebellar nuclei. Cells that function (along with GABAergic ... UBCs). Rare glutamatergic interneurons found in the cerebellar cortex and in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Recent studies have ... Concerted microRNA control of Hedgehog signalling in cerebellar neuronal progenitor and tumour cells. EMBO J. 27, 2616-2627 ( ... Role of the miR-17 approximately 92 cluster family in cerebellar and medulloblastoma development. Biol. Open 3, 597-605 (2014). ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41568-019-0223-8?error=cookies_not_supported&code=fc95a888-face-4171-a444-aa700121f21e
Purkinje cell activity during classical conditioning with different conditional stimuli explains central tenet of Rescorla...Purkinje cell activity during classical conditioning with different conditional stimuli explains central tenet of Rescorla...
As US, we used stimulation of climbing fibers (CF) or the periorbital skin (eye). CN, cerebellar nuclei; GC, granule cells; NO ... 2013) Consensus paper: Current views on the role of cerebellar interpositus nucleus in movement control and emotion. Cerebellum ... A Purkinje cell initiates behavior by disinhibiting the cerebellar nuclei, allowing them to initiate motor activity (37). ... B) Examples of field potentials elicited on the cerebellar cortex following stimulation of cerebellar afferents. (C) A Purkinje ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/112/45/14060?ijkey=5472eacb2bd42580d2d22e6026ca3e06d8811a31&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Direction discrimination thresholds of vestibular and cerebellar nuclei neurons<...Direction discrimination thresholds of vestibular and cerebellar nuclei neurons<...
Direction discrimination thresholds of vestibular and cerebellar nuclei neurons. Sheng Liu, Tatyana Yakusheva, Gregory C. ... Direction discrimination thresholds of vestibular and cerebellar nuclei neurons. Journal of Neuroscience. 2010 Jan 13;30(2):439 ... Direction discrimination thresholds of vestibular and cerebellar nuclei neurons. / Liu, Sheng; Yakusheva, Tatyana; DeAngelis, ... Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Direction discrimination thresholds of vestibular and cerebellar nuclei neurons ...
https://profiles.wustl.edu/en/publications/direction-discrimination-thresholds-of-vestibular-and-cerebellar-
PurkinjeAtaxiaVermisDentate nucleiVestibularNeuronalDorsalAtaxiasThalamusGloboseNeuronInterpositus nucleusBrainstemPeduncleAfferentExcitatoryGranular layerPonsPontine nucleiPair of deep nucleiDegenerationCortex and nucleiDisordersGABAergicLesionsNuclear cells in cerebellar slicesVentralMiceFibersAnteriorCorticalInterneuronsReceivesAtrophyBasalCircuitryRostralCuneate nucleusSynaptic plasticityRatsOrganizationRegion of the cerebellarInhibitionCortico-cerebellar loopsExcitationNeurologicalThalamicPosterior
Purkinje32
  • These nuclei receive inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs from Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and excitatory (glutamatergic) inputs from mossy fiber and climbing fiber pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • The vestibular nuclei in the brainstem are analogous structures to the deep nuclei, since they receive both mossy fiber and Purkinje cell inputs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cerebellar nuclei, together with certain vestibular nuclei, are the target of the axons of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex. (springer.com)
  • Each of these nuclei receives a projection from a longitudinal Purkinje cell zone. (springer.com)
  • Additionally, the fastigial nucleus receives inhibitory inputs primarily from Purkinje cells located in the medial vermis and recent observations indicate that simulation of these Purkinje cells inhibits respiration. (nih.gov)
  • The deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) integrate inputs from the brain stem, the inferior olive, and the spinal cord with Purkinje cell output from cerebellar cortex and provide the major output of the cerebellum. (nih.gov)
  • These spontaneously firing cells integrate synaptic inhibition from Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex with synaptic excitation from mossy fibers and inferior olivary fibers to generate the sole output of the cerebellum. (jneurosci.org)
  • Neurons of the cerebellar nuclei, which receive excitatory synaptic input primarily from mossy fibers and inhibitory synaptic input from Purkinje cells, form the major output of the cerebellum. (jneurosci.org)
  • They receive inhibitory input from the axon of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and are, along with the lateral vestibular nuclei (which also receives inhibitory input from Purkinje cells), the sole output of the cerebellar cortex 1,2 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Adaptive facilitatory responses are often preceded by acquired transient inhibition of IpN activity that, based on latency and effect, appear to be driven by complex spikes in cerebellar cortical Purkinje cells. (eur.nl)
  • The principal neurons of the cerebellar nuclei (CN), the sole output of the olivo-cerebellar system, receive a massive inhibitory input from Purkinje cells (PCs) of the cerebellar cortex. (uzh.ch)
  • Neurons of the cerebellar nuclei receive GABAergic input from Purkinje cells. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Purkinje cell ensembles organized in cerebellar lobules and rostro-caudal stripes process information related to different sensory modalities and body parts 13 . (nature.com)
  • Purkinje cell axons converge onto the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), and elicit a time-locked firing response when Purkinje cells are synchronized 16 . (nature.com)
  • A bidirectional long-term plasticity rule implemented at parallel fibers-Purkinje cell synapses modulated the output activity in the deep cerebellar nuclei. (plos.org)
  • Long-term potentiation (LTP) of mossy fiber EPSCs in the cerebellar nuclei is certainly controlled by synaptic inhibition from Purkinje neurons. (capecodmushroom.org)
  • To determine whether the neurogenetic patterns of Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclei neurons were normal in weaver homozygotes and whether the degeneration of those neuronal types was linked to their time of origin, [ 3 H] thymidine autoradiography was applied on sections of homozygous weaver mice and normal controls on postnatal day 90. (elsevier.com)
  • The results show that the onset of neurogenesis, its pattern of peaks and valleys, and its total span were similar between wild type and homozygous weaver in the cerebellar areas analyzed, indicating that the loss of Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclei neurons is not related to neurogenetic patterns. (elsevier.com)
  • In weaver homozygotes, the loss of Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclei neurons followed a lateral to medial gradient of increasing severity. (elsevier.com)
  • Although we are beginning to understand how Purkinje cell zones form, our understanding of how the cerebellar cortical circuit is assembled into zonal connectivity patterns remains unclear. (frontiersin.org)
  • By serving as the sole output of the cerebellar cortex, integrating a myriad of afferent stimuli, Purkinje cells (PCs) constitute the principal neuron in cerebellar circuits. (biologists.org)
  • Cerebellar neurogenesis is compartmentalized, with progenitors located in the cerebellar ventricular zone (cbVZ) giving rise to all GABAergic neurons, including Purkinje cells (PCs), and rhombic lip (RL) precursors producing glutamatergic neurons, including granule cells (GCs) ( Carletti and Rossi, 2008 ). (biologists.org)
  • Purkinje cells are the sole output of the cerebellar cortex: they project inhibitory signals to the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), which have a critical role in cerebellar function and motor performance. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • 7 8 9 10 11 Histopathologic studies show loss of Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclei, faulty decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle, and hypoplasia of the inferior olives and other brain stem nuclei. (arvojournals.org)
  • TTBK2 and primary cilia are essential for the connectivity and survival of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Developmental Rewiring between Cerebellar Climbing Fibers and Purkinje Cells Begins with Positive Feedback Synapse Addition. (bioportfolio.com)
  • During postnatal development, cerebellar climbing fibers alter their innervation strengths onto supernumerary Purkinje cell targets, generating a one-to-few connectivity pattern in adulthood. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Here we show that Calb1 expression is significantly reduced in a subset of the Purkinje cells that is almost aligned with the cerebellar zones and stripes pattern. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • The three layers of the cerebellar cortex are the inner granular layer (which contains mostly granular cells plus the cell bodies of Golgi cells), the middle Purkinje layer (which only contains Purkinje cells), and the outer molecular layer (which includes the stellate and basket cells). (microscopyu.com)
  • Many cerebellar-induced neurological disorders, such as ataxias and cerebellar-induced dystonias, are associated with abnormal Purkinje cell activity. (biologists.org)
  • Here, we show that tottering Purkinje cells exhibit high-frequency burst firing during attacks, reminiscent of other mouse models of cerebellar-induced motor dysfunction. (biologists.org)
  • Another common feature shared by these allelic disorders is that they all seem to involve cerebellar Purkinje cells in some way or another. (biologists.org)
Ataxia19
  • The editors are world leaders in the field, and the chapters are authored by an international panel of experts drawn from ataxia clinics and cerebellar laboratories throughout North America, Europe and Asia. (springer.com)
  • Clinicians are expected to have a deep appreciation of cerebellar disorders, not only in specialized ataxia clinics but also in adult and pediatric neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and neuropsychology practices, and in outpatient and inpatient rehabilitation settings. (springer.com)
  • To investigate whether Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) and cerebellar ataxia (CA) are associated with distinct GAD65-Ab epitope specificities and neuronal effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By contrast, GAD65-Ab from a patient with cerebellar ataxia (Ab CA) markedly decreased the NMDA-mediated turnover of glycerol. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results of a thorough work-up for cerebellar disorders were negative: nutritional causes (vitamin B 12 and vitamin E deficiencies) and genetic disorders (Friedreich ataxia, spinocerebellar ataxias 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis) were ruled out. (cmaj.ca)
  • About 3 weeks after initiation of metronidazole (500 mg twice a day, cumulative dose of about 25 g), she developed a cerebellar syndrome with cerebellar dysarthria, dysmetria and gait ataxia. (cmaj.ca)
  • 4 - 7 Patients usually present with cerebellar dysarthria and ataxia that may occasionally fluctuate, as in our first patient. (cmaj.ca)
  • Cerebellar ataxia is a common finding in patients seen in neurologic practice and has a wide variety of causes [ 1 ]. (uptodate.com)
  • Here we set out to briefly describe the clinical/anatomic correlates of cerebellar disease, to provide a broad differential diagnosis for patients who present with cerebellar ataxia, and to provide a methodological approach to the evaluation of patients with cerebellar signs. (uptodate.com)
  • A special emphasis is placed on causes of cerebellar ataxia, both acquired and genetic, that are reversible when timely therapy is initiated. (uptodate.com)
  • SYNE1-related autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia. (uptodate.com)
  • Recent evidences support the notion that an increase in DCN excitability may be an important step in the development of cerebellar ataxia and point to the underlying molecular mechanisms: the inhibition of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels, that causes an increase of the firing frequency in DCN, correlates with cerebellar ataxia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • The rationale of the present project is that SK channel openers, such as riluzole, may have a beneficial effect on cerebellar ataxia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • The researchers propose to perform a pilot study investigating safety and efficacy of riluzole, an approved treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as a symptomatic approach in patients with chronic cerebellar ataxia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Forty patients with chronic cerebellar ataxia will be enrolled in a double-bind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • At the same time points the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) for pharmacological assessment of the cerebellar syndrome will be administered to the two groups (riluzole and placebo) of patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Cerebellar ataxia is a form of ataxia originating in the cerebellum. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Cerebellar ataxia can occur as a result of many diseases and may present with symptoms of an inability to coordinate ba. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Skre H, Berg K. Cerebellar ataxia and total albinism: a kindred suggesting pleitotropism or linkage. (medscape.com)
Vermis8
  • Cross-section of human cerebellum, showing the dentate nucleus, as well as fourth ventricle Cross-section of human cerebellum, showing the dentate nucleus and cross-section of vermis The dentate nuclei are deep within the lateral hemispheres, the interposed nuclei are located in the paravermal (intermediate) zone, and the fastigial nuclei are in the vermis. (wikipedia.org)
  • These structural relationships are generally maintained in the neuronal connections between the nuclei and associated cerebellar cortex, with the dentate nucleus receiving most of its connections from the lateral hemispheres, the interposed nuclei receiving inputs mostly from the paravermis, and the fastigial nucleus receiving primarily afferents from the vermis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Andersson G, Eriksson L (1981) Spinal, trigeminal, and cortical climbing fibre paths to the lateral vermis of the cerebellar anterior lobe in the cat. (springer.com)
  • Andersson G, Oscarsson O (1978) Climbing fiber microzones in cerebellar vermis and their projection to different groups of cells in the lateral vestibular nucleus. (springer.com)
  • Thus, the vermis and the fastigial nucleus, which are medially located, presented the most important neuron loss, whereas in the lateral hemisphere and the dentate nucleus, neuron loss was spared. (elsevier.com)
  • MR imaging lesions in the vermis or cerebellar cortex were seen at some point (day 5 to 1 year) in 10 patients. (ajnr.org)
  • 1 2 3 4 5 6 Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals the characteristic molar tooth sign, a term that refers to the appearance of the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)-filled interpeduncular fossa, hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, and horizontally oriented and thick superior cerebellar peduncles. (arvojournals.org)
  • But during orgasm, the cerebellar deep nuclei and vermis, also in the cerebellum, glow. (scientificamerican.com)
Dentate nuclei8
  • The results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the patient's brain were reported to be normal, although, in retrospect, faint hyperintensities within the dentate nuclei could be seen on the T 2 -weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) scans. (cmaj.ca)
  • Repeat T 2 -weighted FLAIR MRI showed obvious bilateral symmetric hyperintensities within the dentate nuclei of the cerebellum ( Figure 1A ). (cmaj.ca)
  • A repeat MRI scan of the patient's brain showed complete resolution of signal changes within the dentate nuclei ( Figure 1B ). (cmaj.ca)
  • An MRI scan of her brain taken about 2 months after the onset of this syndrome showed abnormal signal within the cerebellar dentate nuclei bilaterally on T 2 -weighted FLAIR imaging ( Figure 1C ), which was virtually identical to the findings for patient 1. (cmaj.ca)
  • A reversible cerebellar syndrome with characteristic cerebellar dentate nuclei lesions on T 2 -weighted FLAIR MRI scans has been attributed to metronidazole use, as described for our 2 patients and by others. (cmaj.ca)
  • The incidences of neuronal loss and gliosis in the inferior olivary and dentate nuclei, critical cerebellar input and output structures, respectively were higher in CHI compared to control cases and may represent a transsynpatic degenerative process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dentate nuclei are well preserved. (medscape.com)
  • Clusters were also located in pontine and dentate nuclei, prominent points of convergence for cerebellar input and output, respectively. (google.com)
Vestibular7
  • One exception is that fibers from the flocculonodular lobe synapse directly on vestibular nuclei without first passing through the deep cerebellar nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
  • Angaut P, Brodal A (1967) The projection of the "vestibulocerebellum" onto the vestibular nuclei in the cat. (springer.com)
  • Barmack NH, Fredette BJ, Mugnaini E (1998) Parasolitary nucleus: a source of GABAergic vestibular information to the inferior olive of rat and rabbit. (springer.com)
  • The superior vestibular nucleus. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Here we study responses of neurons with no eye movement sensitivity in the vestibular (VN) and rostral fastigial nuclei (FN) using high-frequency (2 Hz) oscillatory translational motion stimuli. (wustl.edu)
  • Our findings suggest that substantial pooling and/or selective decoding of vestibular signals from the vestibular and deep cerebellar nuclei may be important components of further processing. (wustl.edu)
  • ascending axons from the medial vestibular nucleus project where? (flashcardmachine.com)
Neuronal8
  • Stimulation of cerebellar interpositus nucleus and fastigial nucleus could influence the neuronal activity of lateral hypothalamic area in the cat, and some of the neurons which respond to the cerebellar stimulations are glucose-sensitive neurons. (springer.com)
  • The progenitors of cerebellar GABAergic interneurons proliferate up to postnatal development in the prospective white matter, where they give rise to different neuronal subtypes, in defined quantities and according to precise spatiotemporal sequences. (biologists.org)
  • We demonstrate that, in the absence of Neurog2 , both cell-cycle progression and neuronal output are significantly affected, leading to an overall reduction of the mature cerebellar volume. (biologists.org)
  • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Each of these cerebellar and brain stem regions contain neuronal ensembles that influence specific types of oculomotor behavior. (arvojournals.org)
  • The inferior olivary nuclei showed significantly more neuronal loss in CHI (10/17, 59%) than in control cases (5/26, 19%) (p = 0.0077). (biomedcentral.com)
  • CHI occurs during a critical developmental period and may render the cerebellum vulnerable to additional deficits if cerebellar growth and neuronal connectivity are not established as expected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other critical developmental events occurring in this time period include granule cell migration and the early establishment of cerebellar neuronal circuitry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Major neuronal loss occurs in the inferior olivary, arcuate, and pontine nuclei. (medscape.com)
Dorsal5
  • The bed nuclei lie lateral to the columns of the fornix and dorsal to the anterior commissure. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Here, we elaborate the cell-type specificity of a broad connectivity matrix from the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) to the dorsal striatum in mice. (nature.com)
  • 13) and medulla with dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and hypoglossal nucleus. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • The spinal nucleus of CN V mediates facial pain and temperature, and is the largest nucleus extending from the dorsal aspect of the pons into the upper cervical cord. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • Neuron loss and accumulation of cytoplasmic vacuoles is observed in layers 4 and 5 of the cortex, deep cerebellar nuclei, and dorsal root ganglia. (jax.org)
Ataxias5
  • Several neurodegenerative cerebellar ataxias feature a selective cell-autonomous loss of PCs, warranting the development of regenerative strategies. (biologists.org)
  • The nosology of cerebellar degenerations, which has been the subject of much debate for over a century, is presently a dynamic field, with new entities being recognized and old "classic ataxias" being redefined in the light of new genetic evidence. (booktopia.com.au)
  • The hereditary cerebellar ataxias include diverse neurodegenerative disorders. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Neurodegenerative cerebellar ataxias represent a group of disabling disorders for which we currently lack effective therapies. (bioportfolio.com)
  • The clinical features and classification of the late onset autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias. (medscape.com)
Thalamus4
  • Connectivity between the lateral (dentate) deep cerebellar nucleus and basal ganglia via intralaminar nuclei (ILN) of the thalamus was first reported using chemical tracers in rats 19 . (nature.com)
  • The dentatothalamic fibers also cross over and ascend to synapse in the ventral intermediate (VI) and ventral anterior (VA) nuclei of the thalamus. (wikipedia.org)
  • of serotonin synthesis were found in frontal cortex, thalamus, and dentate nucleus of the cerebellum in all 7. (wikigenes.org)
  • The axons travel up the rest of the brainstem, and synapse at the thalamus (at the ventral posterolateral nucleus). (bionity.com)
Globose5
  • citation needed] From lateral to medial, the four deep cerebellar nuclei are the dentate, emboliform, globose, and fastigii. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some animals, including humans, do not have distinct emboliform and globose nuclei, instead having a single, fused interposed nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • In animals with distinct emboliform and globose nuclei, the term interposed nucleus is often used to refer collectively to these two nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fastigial nucleus (FN), together with the interposed nucleus (in humans, emboliform and globose nuclei) and the dentate nucleus, constitutes the cerebellar nuclei, the final integrated nodes and outputs of the cerebellum except the flocculonodular lobe. (biomedcentral.com)
  • the cerebellorubral fibers from the globose and emboliform nuclei, the dentatothalamic fibers from the dentate nucleus, and the fastigioreticular fibers from the fastigial nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
Neuron4
  • This is the GENESIS 2.3 implementation of a multi-compartmental deep cerebellar nucleus (DCN) neuron model with a full dendritic morphology and appropriate active conductances. (yale.edu)
  • README for the cerebellar nucleus (CN) neuron model described in the paper: Volker Steuber, Nathan Schultheiss, R. Angus Silver, Erik De Schutter & Dieter Jaeger (2010). (yale.edu)
  • 5 . Luthman J, Hoebeek FE, Maex R, Davey N, Adams R, De Zeeuw CI, Steuber V (2011) STD-dependent and independent encoding of input irregularity as spike rate in a computational model of a cerebellar nucleus neuron. (yale.edu)
  • Neuron depletion in the DCN was regionally variable and followed a mediolateral axis of involvement that was greatest in the fastigial nucleus, lesser in the interpositus and negligible in the dentate nucleus. (uab.cat)
Interpositus nucleus3
  • In the present study, we used immunohistochemical techniques to assess changes in Syn expression in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus (IN) of guinea pigs exposed to TEBC and pseudoconditioning. (portlandpress.com)
  • Lesion experiments show that the establishment and expression of EBC depend on the integrity of the cerebellar interpositus nucleus (IN) [ 6 , 7 ]. (portlandpress.com)
  • Here, we evaluate the dynamics of cerebellar interpositus nucleus (IpN) neurons over the course of Pavlovian eyeblink conditioning. (eur.nl)
Brainstem4
  • The superior cerebellar peduncles (brachia conjunctiva) emerge from the cerebellum and ascend to form the lateral portion of the roof of the fourth ventricle, where they enter the brainstem below the inferior colliculi. (wikipedia.org)
  • The MCVA is a novel region of medullary reticular formation mediating actions of medullary and cerebellar centers on rCBF and EEG to link visceral centers of brainstem and cerebral cortex. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • In the brainstem, there are three sensory and one motor trigeminal nuclei (2, 3). (thefreelibrary.com)
  • The sensory trigeminal nerve nucleus is the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extends through the whole of the brainstem , midbrain to medulla . (bionity.com)
Peduncle6
  • There are six cerebellar peduncles in total, three on each side: Superior cerebellar peduncle is a paired structure of white matter that connects the cerebellum to the mid-brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inferior cerebellar peduncle is a thick rope-like strand that occupies the upper part of the posterior district of the medulla oblongata. (wikipedia.org)
  • C: Describe the 3 Cerebellar Peduncles and what their attached to D: Which Cerebellar Peduncle DECUSSATES in the Caudal Midbrain? (brainscape.com)
  • A study using diffusion-weighted MRI showed that patients with MSA with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P) had significantly higher Trace (D) values in the entire and anterior putamen, whereas patients with MSA with cerebellar features (MSA-C) had significantly higher Trace (D) values in the cerebellum and middle cerebellar peduncle. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, increased disease duration correlated significantly with increased Trace (D) values in the pons of patients with MSA-P and in the cerebellum and middle cerebellar peduncle of patients with MSA-C. (medscape.com)
  • axons of these cells exit the cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle. (drugs.com)
Afferent3
  • Afferent fibres from the small subtrigeminal division were traced to the three cerebellar nuclei and from the parvocellular division to the nuclei interpositalis and medialis. (wiley.com)
  • The regions of the magnocellular division of the LRN which project to the nuclei lateralis (and are thus related to the cerebral cortex), interpositalis (related to the red nucleus) and medialis (related to the spinal cord) also receive afferent terminals from the cerebral cortex, the red nucleus and the spinal cord respectively, in addition to various afferent inputs. (wiley.com)
  • 6. Efferent and afferent connections of the cerebellar cortex: corticonuclear, olivocerebellar and mossy fiber connections and cytochemical maps. (elsevier.com)
Excitatory4
  • Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) of facial nucleus motoneurons evoked by stimulation of the cerebellar nuclei, were studied in anesthetized cats. (nih.gov)
  • This prediction, which requires nuclear cells to integrate inhibitory and excitatory stimuli, is supported by studies of synaptic plasticity in nuclear neurons in cerebellar slices ( Pugh and Raman, 2006 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Therefore, hyperpolarization induced by synaptic inhibition positively settings excitatory synaptic plasticity in the cerebellar nuclei. (capecodmushroom.org)
  • Combining brain region-specific and cell type-specific genetic manipulation methods, we found that deletion of synaptotagmin-2 from excitatory parvalbumin-positive neurons in cerebellar nuclei was sufficient to generate an action tremor. (stanford.edu)
Granular layer2
  • As a consequence, the progenitor pool is precociously exhausted and the number of interneurons is significantly reduced, although molecular layer interneurons are more affected than those of granular layer or deep nuclei. (biologists.org)
  • Temporal-spacial relationships between facial stimulation-evoked filed potential responses in mouse cerebellar granular layer and molecular layer. (bioportfolio.com)
Pons2
  • Middle cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to the pons and are composed entirely of centripetal fibers. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the pons, approximately at the level of the cisternal segment of CN V, the primary sensory nucleus mediates facial tactile sensation, and the motor nucleus innervates the muscles of the first branchial arch (Figure 1) (2). (thefreelibrary.com)
Pontine nuclei2
  • Pontine Nuclei, In M Aminoff & RB Daroff (ed. (uio.no)
  • Cat pontocerebellar network: numerical capacity and axonal collateral branching of neurones in the pontine nuclei projecting to individual parafloccular folia. (uio.no)
Pair of deep nuclei1
  • In general, each pair of deep nuclei is associated with a corresponding region of cerebellar surface anatomy. (wikipedia.org)
Degeneration6
  • Although cerebellar degeneration may be chronic and slowly progressive, acute cerebellar swelling due to infarction, edema, or hemorrhage can have rapid and catastrophic effects and is a true neurological emergency. (uptodate.com)
  • However, olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA), cerebellar atrophy, and the putaminal lesions of striatonigral degeneration are often detected using MRI techniques. (medscape.com)
  • Cerebellar degeneration associated with a remote neoplasm. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Ataxin-3, DNA Damage Repair, and SCA3 Cerebellar Degeneration: On the Path to Parsimony? (plos.org)
  • Ward JM, La Spada AR (2015) Ataxin-3, DNA Damage Repair, and SCA3 Cerebellar Degeneration: On the Path to Parsimony? (plos.org)
  • The middle cerebellar peduncles are also atrophic, possibly secondary to degeneration of the basal pontine gray matter. (medscape.com)
Cortex and nuclei2
  • Involvement of cerebellar cortex and nuclei in the genesis and control of unconditioned and conditioned eyelid motor responses. (nih.gov)
  • nerve fibers originating from cells in the hypothalamus and projecting to the cerebellar cortex and nuclei. (drugs.com)
Disorders7
  • Essentials of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders is the first book of its kind written specifically for graduate students and clinicians. (springer.com)
  • It is based on the 4-volume treatise, Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders (Springer, 2013), the definitive reference for scientists and neurologists in the field of cerebellar neurobiology. (springer.com)
  • Cerebellar disorders are often disabling and symptomatic therapies are limited to few options that are partially effective. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • [3] Cerebellar damage produces disorders in fine movement , equilibrium , posture , and motor learning in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • This book encompasses basic and clinical reports on the cerebellum and its primary atrophic disorders, the cerebellar degenerations. (booktopia.com.au)
  • The cerebellar degenerations were among the first human disorders with primary system atrophy to be studied clinically and pathologically. (booktopia.com.au)
  • Patterns of Cerebellar Connectivity with Intrinsic Connectivity Networks in Autism Spectrum Disorders. (bioportfolio.com)
GABAergic1
  • Nevertheless, the mechanisms that determine the specification and regulate the numbers of cerebellar GABAergic interneurons remain unclear. (biologists.org)
Lesions7
  • From the experiments with lesions in the red nucleus it is suggested that this structure is implicated in the mechanisms and pathways through which the cerebellar control over facial nucleus motoneurons is realized. (nih.gov)
  • Scalera, G., Benassi, C., Modifications of food intake and body weight after cerebellar cortex lesions in the rat. (springer.com)
  • An MRI scan of her brain taken 1 month after metronidazole was stopped showed complete resolution of the cerebellar dentate lesions ( Figure 1D ). (cmaj.ca)
  • Records of patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis exhibiting cerebellar lesions on MR imaging were collected from multiple centers in Japan. (ajnr.org)
  • A reversible splenial lesion (3 isolated and 3 with concurrent cerebellar lesions) was found in 6 patients scanned between days 4 and 6. (ajnr.org)
  • Transient lesions in the cerebellar white matter/nuclei manifesting reduced diffusion were seen in 6 patients during days 5 through 7. (ajnr.org)
  • operated control animals, quinolinic acid lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus( PPTg) resulted. (wikigenes.org)
Nuclear cells in cerebellar slices2
  • Here, we tested whether metabotropic glutamate receptors modulate excitability of nuclear cells in cerebellar slices from mouse. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, we have used electrophysiology and Ca imaging to test how synaptic excitation and inhibition interact to generate long-lasting synaptic plasticity in nuclear cells in cerebellar slices. (jneurosci.org)
Ventral4
  • A limbic nucleus that sits at the ventral head of the striatum, contiguous with the caudate and putamen and adjacent to the olfactory tubercle. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • The nucleus accumbens is part of the ventral striatum nuclei. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • A hypothalamic nucleus in the ventral wall of the third ventricle near the pituitary stalk. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • We investigated whether the medullary cerebrovasodilator area (MCVA), a region of ventral medulla mediating elevations of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and electroencephalogram (EEG) synchronization elicited in cerebral cortex from stimulation of reticulospinal neurons of rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), also mediates comparable responses from the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN). (houstonmethodist.org)
Mice6
  • To test whether such local spillover may contribute to transmission, we studied gating of GABA(A) receptors at 31-33 degrees C in cerebellar nuclear neurons acutely dissociated from mice. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Synaptic excitation by climbing fibre collaterals in the cerebellar nuclei of juvenile and adult mice. (semanticscholar.org)
  • gene in adult mice results in nearly identical cerebellar phenotypes to those of the knockout, indicating that disruption of ciliary signaling is a key driver of these phenotypes. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Recent studies have shown involvement of the cerebellum in ALS, although the cerebellar contribution in SOD1 transgenic mice remains unclear. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • the actions of the GABA A agonists, THIP and muscimol, were reduced in the cerebellar membranes of fyn -null mutant mice. (aspetjournals.org)
  • report that the cerebellum, a brain structure important for integrating sensory information and movement, is injured by blast exposure in mice in specific areas that correspond to abnormal brain imaging findings obtained in similar cerebellar regions in blast-exposed combat veterans. (sciencemag.org)
Fibers7
  • Most output fibers of the cerebellum originate from these nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neurons of the cerebellar nuclei receive synaptic excitation from cerebellar mossy fibers. (jneurosci.org)
  • The superior cerebellar peduncles represent the main output route from the cerebellum, and as such, most of their fibers are efferent. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cerebellorubral fibers cross over at this point to enter the contralateral red nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Classical models of cerebellar learning posit that climbing fibers operate according to a supervised learning rule to instruct changes in motor output by signaling the occurrence of movement errors. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Inputs from Sequentially Developed Parallel Fibers Are Required for Cerebellar Organization. (bioportfolio.com)
  • the nucleus of origin of motor fibers of the glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves that supply the striated muscle of the pharynx and larynx. (thefreedictionary.com)
Anterior5
  • The anterior thalamic nucleus is the only thalamic nucleus that is directly part of the limbic circuitry. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • The anterior thalamic nucleus sends axons to medial cerebral cortices: the cingulate gyrus, the anterior limbic area, and the parahippocampal gyrus. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • The anterior olfactory nucleus, which is distinct in most mammals, is sparse in primates. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • C , For comparison, the right V5 segment ( arrow ) is seen filling retrograde on the frontal projection angiogram of the left VA. The left PICA, basilar, and bilateral anterior inferior cerebellar arteries are normal. (ajnr.org)
  • The most common offending vessel is the superior cerebellar artery followed by the anterior and inferior cerebellar artery (6). (thefreelibrary.com)
Cortical3
  • Ackerley R, Pardoe J, Apps R (2006) A novel site of synaptic relay for climbing fibre pathways relaying signals from the motor cortex to the cerebellar cortical C1 zone. (springer.com)
  • DCN-derived axons represent the only cerebellar outputs, and their function has mostly been considered to be directed to the brain stem and to cortical regions via thalamic relay stations. (nature.com)
  • However, the diversity and anatomical organization of thalamic relay cells and targets of sub-cortical cerebellar outputs remain poorly understood. (nature.com)
Interneurons2
  • Loss of this protein, however, disrupts regulatory mechanisms of cell cycle dynamics that are required to determine the numbers of interneurons of different types and impairs their rhythm of maturation and integration in the cerebellar circuitry. (biologists.org)
  • Alternatively, however, as stellate cells are the latest interneurons generated during cerebellar ontogenesis, their absence could reflect a premature exhaustion of the progenitor pool. (biologists.org)
Receives2
  • The nucleus lateralis receives terminals from the dorsomedial area (mainly from the rostral level of the LRN), the nuclei interpositalis from the dorsolateral area (mainly from the central level) and the nucleus medialis from the intermedioventral area (mainly from the caudal level). (wiley.com)
  • This nucleus receives axons from the mammillary body via the mammillothalamic tract, from the hippocampus via the fornix, and from cholinergic nuclei in the basal forebrain. (thefreedictionary.com)
Atrophy1
  • The final MR imaging performed after 1 month showed cerebellar atrophy in 10 patients. (ajnr.org)
Basal3
  • A large basal ganglion nucleus shaped like a tadpole. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Thus, it was hypothesized that cerebello-striatal connections may serve to relay cerebellar information about a sensory state to the basal ganglia for the estimation of their value 22 . (nature.com)
  • The basal nuclei. (unige.it)
Circuitry2
  • In this chapter, we will review the morphology and the circuitry of the cerebellar nuclei and the inferior olive and the recurrent pathways connecting them. (springer.com)
  • Thus, the amygdala inhibitory input to parvalbumin-positive neurons in the zona incerta, a nucleus not previously implicated in fear memory, is an essential component of the fear memory circuitry. (stanford.edu)
Rostral2
  • The most rostral of the thalamic nuclei. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • El nucleo parabraquial y el nucleo del tracto solitario envian proyecciones a la region rostral ventrolateral del bulbo, la sustancia gris periacueductal, locus coeruleus , los nucleos del rafe magno, con lo cual se integran las vias del dolor en diferentes areas [11,14]. (thefreedictionary.com)
Cuneate nucleus2
  • Alonso A, Blanco MJ, Paino CL, Rubia FJ (1986) Distribution of neurons in the main cuneate nucleus projecting to the inferior olive in the cat. (springer.com)
  • At the level of the closed medulla oblongata , these axons synapse with neurons in the gracile nucleus and cuneate nucleus . (bionity.com)
Synaptic plasticity1
  • Our data suggest that the increase in Syn expression links to synaptic plasticity changes in the cerebellar IN and provides a histological substrate in the IN relating to TEBC training. (portlandpress.com)
Rats4
  • The projections of the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) to the cerebellar nuclei were studied using the retrograde axonal transport of tetramethyl rhodamine dextran amine (10% solution in 0.01 M neutral phosphate buffer) in 19 adult Wistar strain rats. (wiley.com)
  • Golanov, EV , Christensen, JRC & Reis, DJ 2000, ' The medullary cerebrovascular vasodilator area mediates cerebrovascular vasodilation and electroencephalogram synchronization elicited from cerebellar fastigial nucleus in Sprague-Dawley rats ', Neuroscience Letters , vol. 288, no. 3, pp. 183-186. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • To study the effects of electric stimulation at the cerebellar fastigial nucleus on astrocytes in the hippocampus of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and the possible mechanism. (bvsalud.org)
  • The electric stimulation at the cerebellar fastigial nucleus can inhibit the excessive proliferation of astrocytes and relieve the structural damage of astrocytes in neonatal rats following HIBD. (bvsalud.org)
Organization5
  • Hains, D. E., Dietrichs, E., On the organization of interconnections between the cerebellum and hypothalamus, in New Concepts in Cerebellar Neurobiology (ed. (springer.com)
  • However, the organization and functional contribution of cerebellar output channels are incompletely understood. (nature.com)
  • Originally, the cerebellar network was modeled using a statistical-topological approach that was later extended by considering the geometrical organization of local microcircuits. (frontiersin.org)
  • This complex neural organization gives rise to a massive signal-processing capability, but almost all of the output from the cerebellar cortex passes through a set of small deep nuclei lying in the white matter interior of the cerebellum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Modular organization of cerebellar climbing fiber inputs during goal-directed behavior. (bioportfolio.com)
Region of the cerebellar1
  • They terminate in the hind limb region of the cerebellar cortex. (wikipedia.org)
Inhibition2
  • Neurons in the cerebellar nuclei fire at accelerated rates for prolonged periods after trains of synaptic inhibition that interrupt spontaneous firing. (jneurosci.org)
  • Together, these data suggest that prolonged rebound firing in the cerebellar nuclei in vivo is most likely to occur when GABA A and mGluRs are simultaneously activated by concurrent excitation and inhibition. (jneurosci.org)
Cortico-cerebellar loops2
  • These observations significantly modified the view of cerebellar output function which previously had been largely interpreted in the context of cortico-cerebellar loops. (nature.com)
  • The results suggest that the most phylogenetically recent part of the cerebellum, particularly crus I and II, make contributions to parallel cortico-cerebellar loops involved in executive control, salience detection, and episodic memory/self-reflection. (google.com)
Excitation1
  • Peculiarities of cerebellar excitation of facial nucleus motoneurons. (nih.gov)
Neurological2
  • We envisage that realistic modeling, combined with closed-loop simulations, will help to capture the essence of cerebellar computations and could eventually be applied to neurological diseases and neurorobotic control systems. (frontiersin.org)
  • Neurological examination showed cerebellar dysarthria, bilateral dysmetria and an ataxic wide-based gait. (cmaj.ca)
Thalamic1
  • Cerebello-striatal connections arise from all deep cerebellar subnuclei and are relayed through intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ILN). (nature.com)
Posterior2
  • Summary: Double origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) has rarely been demonstrated by angiography in the peer-reviewed literature. (ajnr.org)
  • Although the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) commonly has a variable course, caliber, length, and target territory, fenestrations and bifid origins are exceedingly rare. (ajnr.org)
Medulloblastomics revisited: biological and clinical insights from thousands of patients | Nature Reviews Cancer
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Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders - A Primer | Donna L. Gruol | Springer
Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders - A Primer | Donna L. Gruol | Springer (springer.com)
Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders - A Primer For Graduate Students | Donna L. Gruol | Springer
Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders - A Primer For Graduate Students | Donna L. Gruol | Springer (springer.com)
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Integrated Systems of the CNS, Part III, Volume 12 - 1st Edition (elsevier.com)
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Movement Rate Is Encoded and Influenced by Widespread, Coherent Activity of Cerebellar Molecular Layer Interneurons | Journal... (jneurosci.org)
Classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response of the rabbit | SpringerLink
Classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response of the rabbit | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Nervous System, Volume 7, Part 1 - Brain - 2nd Edition
The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Nervous System, Volume 7, Part 1 - Brain - 2nd Edition (elsevier.com)
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Cerebellar Nuclei and the Inferior Olivary Nuclei: Organization and Connections | SpringerLink
Cerebellar Nuclei and the Inferior Olivary Nuclei: Organization and Connections | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
RePub, Erasmus University Repository: Intrinsic excitement in cerebellar nuclei neurons during learning
RePub, Erasmus University Repository: Intrinsic excitement in cerebellar nuclei neurons during learning (repub.eur.nl)
Adaptive Robotic Control Driven by a Versatile Spiking Cerebellar Network
Adaptive Robotic Control Driven by a Versatile Spiking Cerebellar Network (journals.plos.org)
Regulation of striatal cells and goal-directed behavior by cerebellar outputs | Nature Communications
Regulation of striatal cells and goal-directed behavior by cerebellar outputs | Nature Communications (nature.com)
Frontiers | Gadolinium Deposition in Brain: Current Scientific Evidence and Future Perspectives | Molecular Neuroscience
Frontiers | Gadolinium Deposition in Brain: Current Scientific Evidence and Future Perspectives | Molecular Neuroscience (frontiersin.org)
Delayed Postnatal Loss of P/Q-Type Calcium Channels Recapitulates the Absence Epilepsy, Dyskinesia, and Ataxia Phenotypes of...
Delayed Postnatal Loss of P/Q-Type Calcium Channels Recapitulates the Absence Epilepsy, Dyskinesia, and Ataxia Phenotypes of... (jneurosci.org)
ERC Starting Grants | Erasmus University Rotterdam
ERC Starting Grants | Erasmus University Rotterdam (eur.nl)
Brain and blood biomarkers of tauopathy and neuronal injury in humans and rats with neurobehavioral syndromes following blast...
Brain and blood biomarkers of tauopathy and neuronal injury in humans and rats with neurobehavioral syndromes following blast... (nature.com)
12-3 Brainstem Flashcards by Brian McCalister | Brainscape
12-3 Brainstem Flashcards by Brian McCalister | Brainscape (brainscape.com)
Plus it
Plus it (jneurosci.org)
Fuzzy neuronal model of motor control inspired by cerebellar pathways to online and gradually learn inverse biomechanical...
Fuzzy neuronal model of motor control inspired by cerebellar pathways to online and gradually learn inverse biomechanical... (link.springer.com)
Long-term potentiation - Wikipedia
Long-term potentiation - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
CNS Neurotransmitters Flashcards by Blake Hollowoa | Brainscape
CNS Neurotransmitters Flashcards by Blake Hollowoa | Brainscape (brainscape.com)
Reversible cerebellar syndrome caused by metronidazole | CMAJ
Reversible cerebellar syndrome caused by metronidazole | CMAJ (cmaj.ca)
Multiple System Atrophy Workup: Approach Considerations, MRI, PET Scanning
Multiple System Atrophy Workup: Approach Considerations, MRI, PET Scanning (emedicine.medscape.com)
Rapid Review Neuroscience - Research and Markets
Rapid Review Neuroscience - Research and Markets (researchandmarkets.com)
Eye Movement Abnormalities in Joubert Syndrome | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Eye Movement Abnormalities in Joubert Syndrome | IOVS | ARVO Journals (iovs.arvojournals.org)
Abnormal Cerebellar Connectivity Patterns in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Freezing of Gait | SpringerLink
Abnormal Cerebellar Connectivity Patterns in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Freezing of Gait | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Modulation of cell-cycle dynamics is required to regulate the number of cerebellar GABAergic interneurons and their rhythm of...
Modulation of cell-cycle dynamics is required to regulate the number of cerebellar GABAergic interneurons and their rhythm of... (dev.biologists.org)
Vestibular system - Scholarpedia
Vestibular system - Scholarpedia (scholarpedia.org)
Neurogenin 2 regulates progenitor cell-cycle progression and Purkinje cell dendritogenesis in cerebellar development |...
Neurogenin 2 regulates progenitor cell-cycle progression and Purkinje cell dendritogenesis in cerebellar development |... (dev.biologists.org)