Products made by baking or firing nonmetallic minerals (clay and similar materials). In making dental restorations or parts of restorations the material is fused porcelain. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
A type of porcelain used in dental restorations, either jacket crowns or inlays, artificial teeth, or metal-ceramic crowns. It is essentially a mixture of particles of feldspar and quartz, the feldspar melting first and providing a glass matrix for the quartz. Dental porcelain is produced by mixing ceramic powder (a mixture of quartz, kaolin, pigments, opacifiers, a suitable flux, and other substances) with distilled water. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
Zirconium. A rather rare metallic element, atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.22, symbol Zr. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
The use of a layer of tooth-colored material, usually porcelain or acrylic resin, applied to the surface of natural teeth, crowns, or pontics by fusion, cementation, or mechanical retention.
An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.
An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.
Any of the numerous types of clay which contain varying proportions of Al2O3 and SiO2. They are made synthetically by heating aluminum fluoride at 1000-2000 degrees C with silica and water vapor. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.
The fusion of ceramics (porcelain) to an alloy of two or more metals for use in restorative and prosthodontic dentistry. Examples of metal alloys employed include cobalt-chromium, gold-palladium, gold-platinum-palladium, and nickel-based alloys.
The description and measurement of the various factors that produce physical stress upon dental restorations, prostheses, or appliances, materials associated with them, or the natural oral structures.
Materials used in the production of dental bases, restorations, impressions, prostheses, etc.
Creation of a smooth and glossy surface finish on a denture or amalgam.
The quality or state of being able to be bent or creased repeatedly. (From Webster, 3d ed)
Inorganic compounds that contain potassium as an integral part of the molecule.
A group of phosphate minerals that includes ten mineral species and has the general formula X5(YO4)3Z, where X is usually calcium or lead, Y is phosphorus or arsenic, and Z is chlorine, fluorine, or OH-. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
An adhesion procedure for orthodontic attachments, such as plastic DENTAL CROWNS. This process usually includes the application of an adhesive material (DENTAL CEMENTS) and letting it harden in-place by light or chemical curing.
The mechanical property of material that determines its resistance to force. HARDNESS TESTS measure this property.
Compounds similar to hydrocarbons in which a tetravalent silicon atom replaces the carbon atom. They are very reactive, ignite in air, and form useful derivatives.
Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.
Organic-inorganic hybrid polymers developed primarily for DENTAL RESTORATION. They typically contain a defined mixture of ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS; CERAMICS; and organic POLYMERS.
Inability or inadequacy of a dental restoration or prosthesis to perform as expected.
A prosthetic restoration that reproduces the entire surface anatomy of the visible natural crown of a tooth. It may be partial (covering three or more surfaces of a tooth) or complete (covering all surfaces). It is made of gold or other metal, porcelain, or resin.
A sodium fluoride solution, paste or powder, which has been acidulated to pH 3 to 4 and buffered with a phosphate. It is used in the prevention of dental caries.
Inorganic compounds that contain carbon as an integral part of the molecule but are not derived from hydrocarbons.
Inorganic compounds that contain silicon as an integral part of the molecule.
The plan and delineation of dental prostheses in general or a specific dental prosthesis. It does not include DENTURE DESIGN. The framework usually consists of metal.
Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue replacement polymers, natural coral, hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and various other biomaterials. The bone substitutes as inert materials can be incorporated into surrounding tissue or gradually replaced by original tissue.
'Cooking and eating utensils' are tools or instruments made of various materials, such as metals, ceramics, glass, or silicone, that are specifically designed and used for preparing, serving, and consuming food during meal preparations and dining occasions.
Coloring, shading, or tinting of prosthetic components, devices, and materials.
Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements.
The internal resistance of a material to moving some parts of it parallel to a fixed plane, in contrast to stretching (TENSILE STRENGTH) or compression (COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH). Ionic crystals are brittle because, when subjected to shear, ions of the same charge are brought next to each other, which causes repulsion.
Preparation of TOOTH surfaces, and of materials bonded to teeth or DENTAL IMPLANTS, with agents and methods which roughen the surface to facilitate adhesion. Agents include phosphoric or other acids (ACID ETCHING, DENTAL) and methods include LASERS.
A form of SILICON DIOXIDE composed of skeletons of prehistoric aquatic plants which is used for its ABSORPTION quality, taking up 1.5-4 times its weight in water. The microscopic sharp edges are useful for insect control but can also be an inhalation hazard. It has been used in baked goods and animal feed. Kieselguhr is German for flint + earthy sediment.
The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
Dental cements composed either of polymethyl methacrylate or dimethacrylate, produced by mixing an acrylic monomer liquid with acrylic polymers and mineral fillers. The cement is insoluble in water and is thus resistant to fluids in the mouth, but is also irritating to the dental pulp. It is used chiefly as a luting agent for fabricated and temporary restorations. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p159)
Hard, amorphous, brittle, inorganic, usually transparent, polymerous silicate of basic oxides, usually potassium or sodium. It is used in the form of hard sheets, vessels, tubing, fibers, ceramics, beads, etc.
Alloys that contain a high percentage of gold. They are used in restorative or prosthetic dentistry.
Nanometer-scale composite structures composed of organic molecules intimately incorporated with inorganic molecules. (Glossary of Biotechnology and Nanobiotechology Terms, 4th ed)
Inorganic compounds that contain lithium as an integral part of the molecule.
The use of computers for designing and/or manufacturing of anything, including drugs, surgical procedures, orthotics, and prosthetics.
The generic term for salts derived from silica or the silicic acids. They contain silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals, and may contain hydrogen. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th Ed)
The plan, delineation, and location of actual structural elements of dentures. The design can relate to retainers, stress-breakers, occlusal rests, flanges, framework, lingual or palatal bars, reciprocal arms, etc.
Technique by which phase transitions of chemical reactions can be followed by observation of the heat absorbed or liberated.
A test to determine the relative hardness of a metal, mineral, or other material according to one of several scales, such as Brinell, Mohs, Rockwell, Vickers, or Shore. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
The quality or state of being wettable or the degree to which something can be wet. This is also the ability of any solid surface to be wetted when in contact with a liquid whose surface tension is reduced so that the liquid spreads over the surface of the solid.
A generic term for a variety of compounds that contain silicon, oxygen, and magnesium, and may contain hydrogen. Examples include TALC and some kinds of ASBESTOS.
Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.
Numerical expression indicating the measure of stiffness in a material. It is defined by the ratio of stress in a unit area of substance to the resulting deformation (strain). This allows the behavior of a material under load (such as bone) to be calculated.
Diamond. A crystalline form of carbon that occurs as hard, colorless or tinted isomeric crystals. It is used as a precious stone, for cutting glass, and as bearings for delicate mechanisms. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p2001)
The spectrometric analysis of fluorescent X-RAYS, i.e. X-rays emitted after bombarding matter with high energy particles such as PROTONS; ELECTRONS; or higher energy X-rays. Identification of ELEMENTS by this technique is based on the specific type of X-rays that are emitted which are characteristic of the specific elements in the material being analyzed. The characteristic X-rays are distinguished and/or quantified by either wavelength dispersive or energy dispersive methods.
A partial denture attached to prepared natural teeth, roots, or implants by cementation.
The hardening or polymerization of bonding agents (DENTAL CEMENTS) via chemical reactions, usually involving two components. This type of dental bonding uses a self-cure or dual-cure system.
Substances used to bond COMPOSITE RESINS to DENTAL ENAMEL and DENTIN. These bonding or luting agents are used in restorative dentistry, ROOT CANAL THERAPY; PROSTHODONTICS; and ORTHODONTICS.
Identification and measurement of ELEMENTS and their location based on the fact that X-RAYS emitted by an element excited by an electron beam have a wavelength characteristic of that element and an intensity related to its concentration. It is performed with an electron microscope fitted with an x-ray spectrometer, in scanning or transmission mode.
The visually perceived property of objects created by absorption or reflection of specific wavelengths of light.
A technique using a pneumatic, high-pressure stream of aluminum oxide to remove DENTAL ENAMEL; DENTIN; and restorative materials from teeth. In contrast to using DENTAL HIGH-SPEED EQUIPMENT, this method usually requires no dental anesthesia (ANESTHESIA, DENTAL) and reduces risks of tooth chipping and microfracturing. It is used primarily for routine DENTAL CAVITY PREPARATION.
Physical reactions involved in the formation of or changes in the structure of atoms and molecules and their interactions.
The growth action of bone tissue as it assimilates surgically implanted devices or prostheses to be used as either replacement parts (e.g., hip) or as anchors (e.g., endosseous dental implants).
Condition of having pores or open spaces. This often refers to bones, bone implants, or bone cements, but can refer to the porous state of any solid substance.
The gradual destruction of a metal or alloy due to oxidation or action of a chemical agent. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Artificial substitutes for body parts and materials inserted into organisms during experimental studies.
A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.
Artificial substitutes for body parts, and materials inserted into tissue for functional, cosmetic, or therapeutic purposes. Prostheses can be functional, as in the case of artificial arms and legs, or cosmetic, as in the case of an artificial eye. Implants, all surgically inserted or grafted into the body, tend to be used therapeutically. IMPLANTS, EXPERIMENTAL is available for those used experimentally.
The scientific study of past societies through artifacts, fossils, etc.
Biocompatible materials usually used in dental and bone implants that enhance biologic fixation, thereby increasing the bond strength between the coated material and bone, and minimize possible biological effects that may result from the implant itself.
A solution used for irrigating the mouth in xerostomia and as a substitute for saliva.
A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.19, symbol Pb. (Dorland, 28th)
Acrylic acids or acrylates which are substituted in the C-2 position with a methyl group.
The process of producing a form or impression made of metal or plaster using a mold.
Renewal or repair of lost bone tissue. It excludes BONY CALLUS formed after BONE FRACTURES but not yet replaced by hard bone.
'Lead poisoning' is a type of heavy metal toxicity caused by increased levels of lead in the body, typically resulting from exposure to lead-containing substances or environments, and potentially leading to neurological issues, anemia, and developmental delays, especially in children.
Transparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, QUARTZ, and tridymite. The compound is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid.
Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.
A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying proportions for use in restorative or prosthetic dentistry.
Resistance and recovery from distortion of shape.
The joining of objects by means of a cement (e.g., in fracture fixation, such as in hip arthroplasty for joining of the acetabular component to the femoral component). In dentistry, it is used for the process of attaching parts of a tooth or restorative material to a natural tooth or for the attaching of orthodontic bands to teeth by means of an adhesive.
Guided BONE TRANSPLANTATION of the MAXILLARY SINUS surface with a BONE SUBSTITUTE grafting. It increases the bone volume at the site of the DENTAL IMPLANT and helps stabilize it.
The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The branch of science that deals with the geometric description of crystals and their internal arrangement. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The grafting of bone from a donor site to a recipient site.
The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.
Synthetic resins, containing an inert filler, that are widely used in dentistry.
The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.
A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts; atomic number, 22; atomic weight, 47.90; symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Inorganic compounds that contain aluminum as an integral part of the molecule.

Low-friction arthroplasty of the hip using alumina ceramic and cross-linked polyethylene. A ten-year follow-up report. (1/596)

We report the results of our continued review of 14 hip arthroplasties using alumina ceramic femoral heads with cross-linked polyethylene cups. There have been no complications and a very low rate of penetration. This was 0.02 mm per year after an initial 'bedding-in' period of two years. There has been no change in the mean rate between our earlier study at six years and the current results at 10 to 11 years. The use of these bearing surfaces appears to reduce the potential amount of polyethylene debris and may provide the next logical stage in the development of the Charnley low-friction arthroplasty.  (+info)

Coating titanium implants with bioglass and with hydroxyapatite. A comparative study in sheep. (2/596)

This study compares the osteointegration of titanium implants coated with bioglass (Biovetro GSB formula) and with hydroxyapatite (HAP). Twenty-four bioglass-coated and 24 HAP-coated cylinders were implanted in the femoral diaphyses of sheep, and examined after 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. The HAP coating gave a stronger and earlier fixation to the bone than did bioglass. Bioglass formed a tissue interface which showed a macrophage reaction with little new bone formation activity. In contrast, HPA, showed intense new bone formation, with highly mineralised osseous trabeculae in the neighbourhood of the interface.  (+info)

Biological effects of naturally occurring and man-made fibres: in vitro cytotoxicity and mutagenesis in mammalian cells. (3/596)

Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of tremolite, erionite and the man-made ceramic (RCF-1) fibre were studied using the human-hamster hybrid A(L) cells. Results from these fibres were compared with those of UICC Rhodesian chrysotile fibres. The A(L) cell mutation assay, based on the S1 gene marker located on human chromosome 11, the only human chromosome contained in the hybrid cell, has been shown to be more sensitive than conventional assays in detecting deletion mutations. Tremolite, erionite and RCF-1 fibres were significantly less cytotoxic to A(L) cells than chrysotile. Mutagenesis studies at the HPRT locus revealed no significant mutant yield with any of these fibres. In contrast, both erionite and tremolite induced dose-dependent S1- mutations in fibre-exposed cells, with the former inducing a significantly higher mutant yield than the latter fibre type. On the other hand, RCF-1 fibres were largely non-mutagenic. At equitoxic doses (cell survival at approximately 0.7), erionite was found to be the most potent mutagen among the three fibres tested and at a level comparable to that of chrysotile fibres. These results indicate that RCF-1 fibres are non-genotoxic under the conditions used in the studies and suggest that the high mesothelioma incidence previously observed in hamster may either be a result of selective sensitivity of hamster pleura to fibre-induced chronic irritation or as a result of prolonged fibre treatment. Furthermore, the relatively high mutagenic potential for erionite is consistent with its documented carcinogenicity.  (+info)

In vitro comparison of the retention capacity of new aesthetic brackets. (4/596)

Tensile bond strength and bond failure location were evaluated in vitro for two types of aesthetic brackets (non-silanated ceramic, polycarbonate) and one stainless steel bracket, using bovine teeth as the substrate and diacrylate resin as the adhesive. The results show that metallic bracket had the highest bond strength (13.21 N) followed by the new plastic bracket (12.01 N), which does not require the use of a primer. The non-silanated ceramic bracket produced the lowest bond strength (8.88 N). Bond failures occurred mainly between bracket and cement, although a small percentage occurred between the enamel-cement interface with the metal and plastic brackets and within the cement for the plastic bracket. With the ceramic bracket all the failures occurred at the bracket-cement interface. This suggests that the problems of enamel lesions produced by this type of bracket may have been eliminated. The results also show that the enamel/adhesive bond is stronger than the adhesive/bracket bond in this in vitro study.  (+info)

The crystal growth technique--a laboratory evaluation of bond strengths. (5/596)

An ex vivo study was carried out to determine differences in the bond strengths achieved with brackets placed using a crystal growth technique compared with a conventional acid-etch technique. A solution of 37 per cent phosphoric acid was used for acid-etching and a commercially available polyacrylic acid gel, Crystal-lok for crystal growth. A heavily-filled composite resin was used for all samples to bond brackets to healthy premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic purposes. Polycrystalline ceramic and stainless steel brackets were used and tested to both tensile and shear failure using an Instron Universal Testing machine. The tensile and shear bond strengths were recorded in kgF. In view of difficulties experienced with previous authors using different units to describe their findings, the data were subsequently converted to a range of units in order to facilitate direct comparison. The crystal growth technique produced significantly lower bond strengths than the acid-etch technique for ceramic and stainless steel brackets, both in tensile and shear mode. The tensile bond strength for stainless steel brackets with crystal growth was 2.2 kg compared with 6.01 kg for acid-etch, whilst with ceramic brackets the tensile bond strengths were 3.9 kg for crystal growth and 5.55 kg for acid-etch. The mean shear bond strength for stainless steel brackets with crystal growth was 12.61 kg compared with 21.55 kg for acid-etch, whilst with ceramic brackets the shear bond strengths were 7.93 kg with crystal growth compared with 16.55 kg for acid-tech. These bond strengths were below those previously suggested as clinically acceptable.  (+info)

Acute barium intoxication following ingestion of ceramic glaze. (6/596)

A case of deliberate overdose of barium sulphide in a psychiatric setting is presented, with resulting flaccid paralysis, malignant arrhythmia, respiratory arrest and severe hypokalaemia, but ultimately with complete recovery. The degree of paralysis appears to be related directly to serum barium levels. The value of early haemodialysis, particularly with respiratory paralysis and hypokalaemia, is emphasised.  (+info)

Dentinal tubule occlusion with lanthanum fluoride and powdered apatite glass ceramics in vitro. (7/596)

To simulate hypersensitive dentin, the smear layer and dentinal plugs of bovine root dentin specimens were removed by immersion in 10% phosphoric acid, polishing with hydroxyapatite particles, and ultrasonic cleansing. The fluoride-tannic acid-lanthanum-apatite (FTLA) group was treated with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) containing tannic acid followed by rubbing with a paste of lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) and powdered apatite glass ceramics. The treated specimens were immersed in a remineralizing solution that mimics saliva for 6 weeks. The SEM observations revealed that the treated surfaces of the FTLA group were completely covered with fine spherical compounds and the dentinal tubules were occluded with plugs to a depth of about 3 microns. Fluoride and lanthanum were detected to a depth of over 20 microns by EPMA observation. After the remineralization, the surface of FTLA-treated specimen did not have any opened tubules and showed a remarkable increase in the number of fine spherical deposits in the dentinal tubules. These results suggest that the reaction products produced by sequential treatment with acidic fluoride and LaCl3 and powdered apatite glass ceramics are able to effectively occlude dentinal tubules.  (+info)

Thermal image analysis of electrothermal debonding of ceramic brackets: an in vitro study. (8/596)

This study used modern thermal imaging techniques to investigate the temperature rise induced at the pulpal well during thermal debonding of ceramic brackets. Ceramic brackets were debonded from vertically sectioned premolar teeth using an electrothermal debonding unit. Ten teeth were debonded at the end of a single 3-second heating cycle. For a further group of 10 teeth, the bracket and heating element were left in contact with the tooth during the 3-second heating cycle and the 6-second cooling cycle. The average pulpal wall temperature increase for the teeth debonded at the end of the 3-second heating cycle was 16.8 degrees C. When the heating element and bracket remained in contact with the tooth during the 6-second cooling cycle an average temperature increase of 45.6 degrees C was recorded.  (+info)

In the field of medicine, ceramics are commonly referred to as inorganic, non-metallic materials that are made up of compounds such as oxides, carbides, and nitrides. These materials are often used in medical applications due to their biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion, and ability to withstand high temperatures. Some examples of medical ceramics include:

1. Bioceramics: These are ceramic materials that are used in medical devices and implants, such as hip replacements, dental implants, and bone grafts. They are designed to be biocompatible, which means they can be safely implanted into the body without causing an adverse reaction.
2. Ceramic coatings: These are thin layers of ceramic material that are applied to medical devices and implants to improve their performance and durability. For example, ceramic coatings may be used on orthopedic implants to reduce wear and tear, or on cardiovascular implants to prevent blood clots from forming.
3. Ceramic membranes: These are porous ceramic materials that are used in medical filtration systems, such as hemodialysis machines. They are designed to selectively filter out impurities while allowing essential molecules to pass through.
4. Ceramic scaffolds: These are three-dimensional structures made of ceramic material that are used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. They provide a framework for cells to grow and multiply, helping to repair or replace damaged tissues.

Overall, medical ceramics play an important role in modern healthcare, providing safe and effective solutions for a wide range of medical applications.

Dental porcelain is a type of biocompatible ceramic material that is commonly used in restorative and cosmetic dentistry to create tooth-colored restorations such as crowns, veneers, inlays, onlays, and bridges. It is made from a mixture of powdered porcelain and water, which is heated to high temperatures to form a hard, glass-like substance. Dental porcelain has several desirable properties for dental restorations, including:

1. High strength and durability: Dental porcelain is strong enough to withstand the forces of biting and chewing, making it suitable for use in load-bearing restorations such as crowns and bridges.
2. Natural appearance: Dental porcelain can be matched closely to the color, translucency, and texture of natural teeth, allowing for highly aesthetic restorations that blend seamlessly with the surrounding dentition.
3. Biocompatibility: Dental porcelain is biologically inert and does not cause adverse reactions or toxicity in the body, making it a safe choice for dental restorations.
4. Chemical resistance: Dental porcelain is resistant to staining and chemical attack from substances such as coffee, tea, red wine, and acidic foods and drinks.
5. Low thermal conductivity: Dental porcelain has low thermal conductivity, which means it does not transmit heat or cold readily, reducing the risk of temperature sensitivity in dental restorations.

Overall, dental porcelain is a versatile and reliable material for creating high-quality, natural-looking, and durable dental restorations.

Zirconium is not a medical term, but it is a chemical element with the symbol Zr and atomic number 40. It is a gray-white, strong, corrosion-resistant transition metal that is used primarily in nuclear reactors, as an opacifier in glazes for ceramic cookware, and in surgical implants such as artificial joints due to its biocompatibility.

In the context of medical devices or implants, zirconium alloys may be used for their mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion. For example, zirconia (a form of zirconium dioxide) is a popular material for dental crowns and implants due to its durability, strength, and natural appearance.

However, it's important to note that while zirconium itself is not considered a medical term, there are various medical applications and devices that utilize zirconium-based materials.

Dental veneers, also known as dental porcelain laminates or just veneers, are thin custom-made shells of tooth-colored materials designed to cover the front surface of teeth to improve their appearance. These shells are bonded to the front of the teeth, changing their color, shape, size, or length.

Dental veneers can be made from porcelain or resin composite materials. Porcelain veneers are more stain-resistant and generally last longer than resin veneers. They also better mimic the light-reflecting properties of natural teeth. Resin veneers, on the other hand, are thinner and require less removal of the tooth's surface before placement.

Dental veneers are often used to treat dental conditions like discolored teeth, worn down teeth, chipped or broken teeth, misaligned teeth, irregularly shaped teeth, or gaps between teeth. The procedure usually requires three visits to the dentist: one for consultation and treatment planning, another to prepare the tooth and take an impression for the veneer, and a final visit to bond the veneer to the tooth.

It is important to note that while dental veneers can greatly improve the appearance of your teeth, they are not suitable for everyone. Your dentist will evaluate your oral health and discuss whether dental veneers are the right option for you.

Yttrium is not a medical term itself, but it is a chemical element with the symbol "Y" and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition element that is found in rare earth minerals.

In the field of medicine, yttrium is used in the production of some medical devices and treatments. For example, yttrium-90 is a radioactive isotope that is used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, such as liver cancer and lymphoma. Yttrium-90 is often combined with other substances to form tiny beads or particles that can be injected directly into tumors, where they release radiation that helps to destroy cancer cells.

Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers are also used in medical procedures such as eye surgery and dental work. These lasers emit a highly concentrated beam of light that can be used to cut or coagulate tissue with great precision.

Overall, while yttrium is not a medical term itself, it does have important applications in the field of medicine.

Aluminum oxide is a chemical compound with the formula Al2O3. It is also known as alumina and it is a white solid that is widely used in various industries due to its unique properties. Aluminum oxide is highly resistant to corrosion, has a high melting point, and is an electrical insulator.

In the medical field, aluminum oxide is used in a variety of applications such as:

1. Dental crowns and implants: Aluminum oxide is used in the production of dental crowns and implants due to its strength and durability.
2. Orthopedic implants: Aluminum oxide is used in some types of orthopedic implants, such as knee and hip replacements, because of its biocompatibility and resistance to wear.
3. Medical ceramics: Aluminum oxide is used in the production of medical ceramics, which are used in various medical devices such as pacemakers and hearing aids.
4. Pharmaceuticals: Aluminum oxide is used as an excipient in some pharmaceutical products, such as tablets and capsules, to improve their stability and shelf life.
5. Medical research: Aluminum oxide is used in medical research, for example, as a substrate material for growing cells or as a coating material for medical devices.

It's important to note that while aluminum oxide has many useful applications in the medical field, exposure to high levels of aluminum can be harmful to human health. Therefore, it is important to use aluminum oxide and other aluminum-containing materials safely and according to established guidelines.

Aluminum silicates are a type of mineral compound that consist of aluminum, silicon, and oxygen in their chemical structure. They are often found in nature and can be categorized into several groups, including kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, and bentonite. These minerals have various industrial and commercial uses, including as fillers and extenders in products like paper, paint, and rubber. In the medical field, certain types of aluminum silicates (like bentonite) have been used in some medicinal and therapeutic applications, such as detoxification and gastrointestinal disorders. However, it's important to note that the use of these minerals in medical treatments is not widely accepted or supported by extensive scientific evidence.

I'm happy to help! However, I must clarify that "materials testing" is not a medical term per se. It is a term used in various fields, including engineering and materials science, to describe the process of subjecting materials to different tests to evaluate their properties and performance under various conditions.

In the context of medical devices or implants, materials testing may refer to the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of materials used in their construction. These tests can include assessments of strength, durability, biocompatibility, and other factors that are critical to ensuring the safety and efficacy of medical devices.

Medical device manufacturers must comply with regulatory standards for materials testing to ensure that their products meet specific requirements for performance, safety, and quality. These standards may vary depending on the type of device, its intended use, and the country or region in which it will be marketed and sold.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Metal Ceramic Alloys" is not a recognized medical term. It is, however, a term used in the field of materials science and engineering. Metal ceramic alloys, also known as cermets, are materials that combine properties of both metals and ceramics. They are typically composed of a metal or alloy matrix with embedded ceramic particles.

In the context of medical devices or dental restorations, the term you might be looking for is "porcelain-fused-to-metal" (PFM). PFM restorations are a type of dental crown or bridge that combines a metal substructure with a ceramic outer layer. The metal provides strength and durability, while the ceramic layer mimics the appearance of natural teeth.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or definitions, please don't hesitate to ask!

Dental stress analysis is a method used in dentistry to evaluate the amount and distribution of forces that act upon teeth and surrounding structures during biting, chewing, or other functional movements. This analysis helps dental professionals identify areas of excessive stress or strain that may lead to dental problems such as tooth fracture, mobility, or periodontal (gum) disease. By identifying these areas, dentists can develop treatment plans to reduce the risk of dental issues and improve overall oral health.

Dental stress analysis typically involves the use of specialized equipment, such as strain gauges, T-scan occlusal analysis systems, or finite element analysis software, to measure and analyze the forces that act upon teeth during various functional movements. The results of the analysis can help dentists determine the best course of treatment, which may include adjusting the bite, restoring damaged teeth with crowns or fillings, or fabricating custom-made oral appliances to redistribute the forces evenly across the dental arch.

Overall, dental stress analysis is an important tool in modern dentistry that helps dental professionals diagnose and treat dental problems related to occlusal (bite) forces, ensuring optimal oral health and function for their patients.

Dental materials are substances that are used in restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, endodontics, orthodontics, and preventive dentistry to restore or replace missing tooth structure, improve the function and esthetics of teeth, and protect the oral tissues from decay and disease. These materials can be classified into various categories based on their physical and chemical properties, including metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, cements, and alloys.

Some examples of dental materials include:

1. Amalgam: a metal alloy used for dental fillings that contains silver, tin, copper, and mercury. It is strong, durable, and resistant to wear but has been controversial due to concerns about the toxicity of mercury.
2. Composite: a tooth-colored restorative material made of a mixture of glass or ceramic particles and a bonding agent. It is used for fillings, veneers, and other esthetic dental treatments.
3. Glass ionomer cement: a type of cement used for dental restorations that releases fluoride ions and helps prevent tooth decay. It is often used for fillings in children's teeth or as a base under crowns and bridges.
4. Porcelain: a ceramic material used for dental crowns, veneers, and other esthetic restorations. It is strong, durable, and resistant to staining but can be brittle and prone to fracture.
5. Gold alloy: a metal alloy used for dental restorations that contains gold, copper, and other metals. It is highly biocompatible, corrosion-resistant, and malleable but can be expensive and less esthetic than other materials.
6. Acrylic resin: a type of polymer used for dental appliances such as dentures, night guards, and orthodontic retainers. It is lightweight, flexible, and easy to modify but can be less durable than other materials.

The choice of dental material depends on various factors, including the location and extent of the restoration, the patient's oral health status, their esthetic preferences, and their budget. Dental professionals must consider these factors carefully when selecting the appropriate dental material for each individual case.

Dental polishing is a procedure in dentistry that is performed to smooth and clean the surfaces of teeth after professional dental cleaning (prophylaxis), restoration, or other dental treatments. It is usually done using a slow-speed handpiece with a soft, rubber cup attached to it, which holds a polishing paste or a slurry of pumice and water. The polishing paste may contain an abrasive agent, fluoride, or a flavoring agent. The dental professional moves the handpiece in a circular motion over the tooth surface to remove stains, plaque, and minor surface roughness, leaving the teeth smooth and shiny. Dental polishing helps to prevent the buildup of plaque and tartar, reduce the risk of decay and gum disease, and improve the overall oral hygiene and aesthetics of the teeth.

In the context of medicine, particularly in physical therapy and rehabilitation, "pliability" refers to the quality or state of being flexible or supple. It describes the ability of tissues, such as muscles or fascia (connective tissue), to stretch, deform, and adapt to forces applied upon them without resistance or injury. Improving pliability can help enhance range of motion, reduce muscle stiffness, promote circulation, and alleviate pain. Techniques like soft tissue mobilization, myofascial release, and stretching are often used to increase pliability in clinical settings.

Potassium compounds refer to substances that contain the element potassium (chemical symbol: K) combined with one or more other elements. Potassium is an alkali metal that has the atomic number 19 and is highly reactive, so it is never found in its free form in nature. Instead, it is always found combined with other elements in the form of potassium compounds.

Potassium compounds can be ionic or covalent, depending on the properties of the other element(s) with which it is combined. In general, potassium forms ionic compounds with nonmetals and covalent compounds with other metals. Ionic potassium compounds are formed when potassium donates one electron to a nonmetal, forming a positively charged potassium ion (K+) and a negatively charged nonmetal ion.

Potassium compounds have many important uses in medicine, industry, and agriculture. For example, potassium chloride is used as a salt substitute and to treat or prevent low potassium levels in the blood. Potassium citrate is used to treat kidney stones and to alkalinize urine. Potassium iodide is used to treat thyroid disorders and to protect the thyroid gland from radioactive iodine during medical imaging procedures.

It's important to note that some potassium compounds can be toxic or even fatal if ingested in large quantities, so they should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional.

Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, primarily consisting of fluorapatite, chlorapatite, and hydroxylapatite. They are important constituents of rocks and bones, and they have a wide range of applications in various industries. In the context of medicine, apatites are most notable for their presence in human teeth and bones.

Hydroxylapatite is the primary mineral component of tooth enamel, making up about 97% of its weight. It provides strength and hardness to the enamel, enabling it to withstand the forces of biting and chewing. Fluorapatite, a related mineral that contains fluoride ions instead of hydroxyl ions, is also present in tooth enamel and helps to protect it from acid erosion caused by bacteria and dietary acids.

Chlorapatite has limited medical relevance but can be found in some pathological calcifications in the body.

In addition to their natural occurrence in teeth and bones, apatites have been synthesized for various medical applications, such as bone graft substitutes, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering scaffolds. These synthetic apatites are biocompatible and can promote bone growth and regeneration, making them useful in dental and orthopedic procedures.

Dental bonding is a cosmetic dental procedure in which a tooth-colored resin material (a type of plastic) is applied and hardened with a special light, which ultimately "bonds" the material to the tooth to improve its appearance. According to the American Dental Association (ADA), dental bonding can be used for various purposes, including:

1. Repairing chipped or cracked teeth
2. Improving the appearance of discolored teeth
3. Closing spaces between teeth
4. Protecting a portion of the tooth's root that has been exposed due to gum recession
5. Changing the shape and size of teeth

Dental bonding is generally a quick and painless procedure, often requiring little to no anesthesia. The surface of the tooth is roughened and conditioned to help the resin adhere properly. Then, the resin material is applied, molded, and smoothed to the desired shape. A special light is used to harden the material, which typically takes only a few minutes. Finally, the bonded material is trimmed, shaped, and polished to match the surrounding teeth.

While dental bonding can be an effective solution for minor cosmetic concerns, it may not be as durable or long-lasting as other dental restoration options like veneers or crowns. The lifespan of a dental bonding procedure typically ranges from 3 to 10 years, depending on factors such as oral habits, location of the bonded tooth, and proper care. Regular dental checkups and good oral hygiene practices can help extend the life of dental bonding.

In the context of medical terminology, "hardness" is not a term that has a specific or standardized definition. It may be used in various ways to describe the firmness or consistency of a tissue, such as the hardness of an artery or tumor, but it does not have a single authoritative medical definition.

In some cases, healthcare professionals may use subjective terms like "hard," "firm," or "soft" to describe their tactile perception during a physical examination. For example, they might describe the hardness of an enlarged liver or spleen by comparing it to the feel of their knuckles when gently pressed against the abdomen.

However, in other contexts, healthcare professionals may use more objective measures of tissue stiffness or elasticity, such as palpation durometry or shear wave elastography, which provide quantitative assessments of tissue hardness. These techniques can be useful for diagnosing and monitoring conditions that affect the mechanical properties of tissues, such as liver fibrosis or cancer.

Therefore, while "hardness" may be a term used in medical contexts to describe certain physical characteristics of tissues, it does not have a single, universally accepted definition.

Silanes are a group of chemical compounds that contain silicon and hydrogen. The general formula for silanes is Si_xH_(2x+2), where x is a positive integer. Silanes are named after their parent compound, silane (SiH4), which contains one silicon atom and four hydrogen atoms.

Silanes are colorless and highly flammable gases at room temperature. They are typically prepared by the reaction of metal silicides with acids or by the reduction of halogenated silanes. Silanes have a variety of industrial applications, including as intermediates in the production of silicon-based materials such as semiconductors and polymers.

In medical contexts, silanes are not typically used directly. However, some silane-containing compounds have been investigated for their potential therapeutic uses. For example, some organosilanes have been shown to have antimicrobial properties and may be useful as disinfectants or in the development of medical devices. Other silane-containing materials have been studied for their potential use in drug delivery systems or as imaging agents in diagnostic procedures.

It is important to note that some silanes can be hazardous if not handled properly, and they should only be used by trained professionals in a controlled environment. Exposure to silanes can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, and prolonged exposure can lead to more serious health effects.

Surface properties in the context of medical science refer to the characteristics and features of the outermost layer or surface of a biological material or structure, such as cells, tissues, organs, or medical devices. These properties can include physical attributes like roughness, smoothness, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, and electrical conductivity, as well as chemical properties like charge, reactivity, and composition.

In the field of biomaterials science, understanding surface properties is crucial for designing medical implants, devices, and drug delivery systems that can interact safely and effectively with biological tissues and fluids. Surface modifications, such as coatings or chemical treatments, can be used to alter surface properties and enhance biocompatibility, improve lubricity, reduce fouling, or promote specific cellular responses like adhesion, proliferation, or differentiation.

Similarly, in the field of cell biology, understanding surface properties is essential for studying cell-cell interactions, cell signaling, and cell behavior. Cells can sense and respond to changes in their environment, including variations in surface properties, which can influence cell shape, motility, and function. Therefore, characterizing and manipulating surface properties can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of cellular processes and offer new strategies for developing therapies and treatments for various diseases.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Organically Modified Ceramics" is not a widely recognized or established term in the field of medicine. It is more commonly used in materials science and nanotechnology to refer to ceramic materials that have been modified with organic components to alter their properties. If you're looking for information related to a specific medical context, could you please provide more details? I'd be happy to help with more precise information.

Dental restoration failure refers to the breakdown or loss of functionality of a dental restoration, which is a procedure performed to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of a tooth that has been damaged due to decay, trauma, or wear. The restoration can include fillings, crowns, veneers, bridges, and implants. Failure of dental restorations can occur due to various reasons such as recurrent decay, fracture, poor fit, or material failure, leading to further damage or loss of the tooth.

A dental crown is a type of dental restoration that completely caps or encircles a tooth or dental implant. Crowns are used to restore the strength, functionality, and appearance of teeth that have been damaged or weakened due to various reasons such as decay, fracture, or large fillings. They can be made from various materials including porcelain, ceramic, metal, or a combination of these. The crown is custom-made to fit over the prepared tooth and is cemented into place, becoming a permanent part of the tooth. Crowns are also used for cosmetic purposes to improve the appearance of discolored or misshapen teeth.

APF, or Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride, is a dental product that contains fluoride ion in the form of sodium fluoride. It is used as a topical agent to prevent tooth decay by promoting remineralization and inhibiting demineralization of tooth enamel. The acidulated phosphate component helps to maintain a stable pH level and enhance fluoride absorption. It is typically applied in a dental office as a part of professional dental care.

Carbon inorganic compounds are chemical substances that contain carbon combined with one or more elements other than hydrogen. These compounds include oxides of carbon such as carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), metal carbides like calcium carbide (CaC2) and silicon carbide (SiC), and carbonates like calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).

Unlike organic compounds, which are based on carbon-hydrogen bonds, inorganic carbon compounds do not contain hydrocarbon structures. Instead, they feature carbon bonded to elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or halogens. Inorganic carbon compounds have diverse physical and chemical properties and play important roles in various industrial applications, as well as in biological systems.

Silicon compounds refer to chemical substances that contain the element silicon (Si) combined with other elements. Silicon is a Group 14 semimetal in the periodic table, and it often forms compounds through covalent bonding. The most common silicon compound is silicon dioxide (SiO2), also known as silica, which is found in nature as quartz, sand, and other minerals.

Silicon can form compounds with many other elements, including hydrogen, oxygen, halogens, sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon. For example:

* Silanes (SiHn) are a series of silicon-hydrogen compounds where n ranges from 1 to 6.
* Silicones are synthetic polymers made up of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms.
* Silicates are a class of minerals that contain silicon, oxygen, and one or more metal cations. They have a wide range of structures and uses, including as building materials, ceramics, and glass.
* Siloxanes are a group of compounds containing alternating silicon-oxygen bonds with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms.

Silicon compounds have various applications in industry, medicine, and daily life. For instance, silicones are used in medical devices such as breast implants, contact lenses, and catheters due to their biocompatibility and flexibility. Silicates are found in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food additives. Silicon-based materials are also used in dental restorations, bone cement, and drug delivery systems.

A dental prosthesis is a device that replaces missing teeth or parts of teeth and restores their function and appearance. The design of a dental prosthesis refers to the plan and specifications used to create it, including the materials, shape, size, and arrangement of the artificial teeth and any supporting structures.

The design of a dental prosthesis is typically based on a variety of factors, including:

* The number and location of missing teeth
* The condition of the remaining teeth and gums
* The patient's bite and jaw alignment
* The patient's aesthetic preferences
* The patient's ability to chew and speak properly

There are several types of dental prostheses, including:

* Dentures: A removable appliance that replaces all or most of the upper or lower teeth.
* Fixed partial denture (FPD): Also known as a bridge, this is a fixed (non-removable) appliance that replaces one or more missing teeth by attaching artificial teeth to the remaining natural teeth on either side of the gap.
* Removable partial denture (RPD): A removable appliance that replaces some but not all of the upper or lower teeth.
* Implant-supported prosthesis: An artificial tooth or set of teeth that is supported by dental implants, which are surgically placed in the jawbone.

The design of a dental prosthesis must be carefully planned and executed to ensure a good fit, proper function, and natural appearance. It may involve several appointments with a dentist or dental specialist, such as a prosthodontist, to take impressions, make measurements, and try in the finished prosthesis.

Bone substitutes are materials that are used to replace missing or damaged bone in the body. They can be made from a variety of materials, including natural bone from other parts of the body or from animals, synthetic materials, or a combination of both. The goal of using bone substitutes is to provide structural support and promote the growth of new bone tissue.

Bone substitutes are often used in dental, orthopedic, and craniofacial surgery to help repair defects caused by trauma, tumors, or congenital abnormalities. They can also be used to augment bone volume in procedures such as spinal fusion or joint replacement.

There are several types of bone substitutes available, including:

1. Autografts: Bone taken from another part of the patient's body, such as the hip or pelvis.
2. Allografts: Bone taken from a deceased donor and processed to remove any cells and infectious materials.
3. Xenografts: Bone from an animal source, typically bovine or porcine, that has been processed to remove any cells and infectious materials.
4. Synthetic bone substitutes: Materials such as calcium phosphate ceramics, bioactive glass, and polymer-based materials that are designed to mimic the properties of natural bone.

The choice of bone substitute material depends on several factors, including the size and location of the defect, the patient's medical history, and the surgeon's preference. It is important to note that while bone substitutes can provide structural support and promote new bone growth, they may not have the same strength or durability as natural bone. Therefore, they may not be suitable for all applications, particularly those that require high load-bearing capacity.

Cooking and eating utensils are devices or tools used in the preparation, cooking, and serving of food. Here is a brief medical definition for some common types:

1. Cooking utensils: These include various tools and equipment used to prepare and cook food, such as knives, cutting boards, pots, pans, whisks, spatulas, colanders, and measuring cups/spoons. They help to chop, dice, mix, blend, stir, sauté, boil, fry, bake, or grill ingredients.
2. Eating utensils: These are devices used to consume food and include items like forks, spoons, knives, chopsticks, and straws. They aid in bringing food from the plate or bowl to the mouth and cutting or separating food into manageable pieces.

Proper cleaning and maintenance of cooking and eating utensils are essential to prevent cross-contamination of bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms that can cause foodborne illnesses. Using clean utensils and following safe food handling practices can help minimize the risk of infection and promote overall health.

"Prosthesis coloring" is not a recognized medical term or concept in the field of prosthetics. However, I can provide you with some context that might help clarify what you are looking for.

In the context of artificial limbs (prostheses), patients may want their devices to match their skin tone as closely as possible to make them less noticeable and more aesthetically appealing. This process is called "prosthetic covering" or "cosmesis," which involves applying custom-made covers, sleeves, or skins over the prosthesis to mimic the appearance of natural skin color and texture.

Prosthetic covering materials can be painted, printed, or dyed to achieve the desired color match. This process is often referred to as "coloring" or "painting the prosthesis." The coloring technique may involve using various shades, tones, and textures to create a natural-looking appearance that blends well with the user's remaining limb or body.

In summary, while there is no formal medical definition for "prosthesis coloring," it likely refers to the process of applying custom colors, shading, or patterns to an artificial limb (prosthesis) to create a more natural and aesthetically pleasing appearance that matches the user's skin tone.

Calcium phosphates are a group of minerals that are important components of bones and teeth. They are also found in some foods and are used in dietary supplements and medical applications. Chemically, calcium phosphates are salts of calcium and phosphoric acid, and they exist in various forms, including hydroxyapatite, which is the primary mineral component of bone tissue. Other forms of calcium phosphates include monocalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, and tricalcium phosphate, which are used as food additives and dietary supplements. Calcium phosphates are important for maintaining strong bones and teeth, and they also play a role in various physiological processes, such as nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.

Shear strength is a property of a material that describes its ability to withstand forces that cause internal friction and sliding of one portion of the material relative to another. In the context of human tissues, shear strength is an important factor in understanding how tissues respond to various stresses and strains, such as those experienced during physical activities or injuries.

For example, in the case of bones, shear strength is a critical factor in determining their ability to resist fractures under different types of loading conditions. Similarly, in soft tissues like ligaments and tendons, shear strength plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of these structures during movement and preventing excessive deformation or injury.

It's worth noting that measuring the shear strength of human tissues can be challenging due to their complex structure and anisotropic properties. As such, researchers often use specialized techniques and equipment to quantify these properties under controlled conditions in the lab.

Dental etching is a dental procedure that involves the use of a chemical agent, such as phosphoric or maleic acid, to create microscopic roughness on the surface of teeth. This process is typically used to prepare the tooth enamel for the application of bonding agents, such as dental adhesives and composite resins, which are used in various restorative and cosmetic dental procedures, such as fillings, veneers, and crowns.

During dental etching, the chemical agent is applied to the tooth surface for a specific amount of time, usually between 15-60 seconds, depending on the strength of the acid and the desired level of etching. The acid dissolves the minerals in the enamel, creating small pores or irregularities that increase the surface area and improve the bonding of the restorative material to the tooth. After etching, the tooth is rinsed with water and dried, and the bonding agent is applied and cured to create a strong and durable bond between the restoration and the tooth.

Dental etching is a safe and effective procedure when performed by a trained dental professional. However, over-etching or improper use of the acid can weaken the tooth structure and lead to sensitivity or other complications. Therefore, it is important to follow proper techniques and guidelines for dental etching to ensure optimal outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Diatomaceous earth is not a medical term, but a natural product derived from the fossilized remains of diatoms, a type of algae. It is composed of silica and other minerals. While it has various industrial and agricultural uses, it is not typically used as a medication or treatment. However, some people may use food-grade diatomaceous earth for various health purposes, such as detoxification or improving digestive health, but these uses are not supported by scientific evidence and its safety and effectiveness for these purposes have not been established. As with any substance used for medicinal purposes, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before using diatomaceous earth.

Dura Mater: The tough, outer membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord.

Hydroxyapatite: A naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite, also known as dahllite, with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH), is the primary mineral component of biological apatites found in bones and teeth.

Therefore, "Durapatite" isn't a recognized medical term, but it seems like it might be a combination of "dura mater" and "hydroxyapatite." If you meant to ask about a material used in medical or dental applications that combines properties of both dura mater and hydroxyapatite, please provide more context.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a type of electron microscopy that uses a focused beam of electrons to scan the surface of a sample and produce a high-resolution image. In SEM, a beam of electrons is scanned across the surface of a specimen, and secondary electrons are emitted from the sample due to interactions between the electrons and the atoms in the sample. These secondary electrons are then detected by a detector and used to create an image of the sample's surface topography. SEM can provide detailed images of the surface of a wide range of materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, and biological samples. It is commonly used in materials science, biology, and electronics for the examination and analysis of surfaces at the micro- and nanoscale.

Resin cements are dental materials used to bond or cement restorations, such as crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances, to natural teeth or implants. They are called "resin" cements because they are made of a type of synthetic resin material that can be cured or hardened through the use of a chemical reaction or exposure to light.

Resin cements typically consist of three components: a base, a catalyst, and a filler. The base and catalyst are mixed together to create a putty-like consistency, which is then applied to the restoration or tooth surface. Once the cement is in place, it is exposed to light or allowed to chemically cure, which causes it to harden and form a strong bond between the restoration and the tooth.

Resin cements are known for their excellent adhesive properties, as well as their ability to withstand the forces of biting and chewing. They can also be color-matched to natural teeth, making them an aesthetically pleasing option for dental restorations. However, they may not be suitable for all patients or situations, and it is important for dental professionals to carefully consider the specific needs and conditions of each patient when choosing a cement material.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Glass" is not a medical term. Glass is a non-crystalline amorphous solid that is often transparent and has various uses in everyday life, including medical devices and equipment. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, please provide them, and I'll be happy to help.

Gold alloys are not strictly a medical term, but they are often used in medical applications, particularly in the field of dentistry. Therefore, I will provide both a general definition and a dental-specific definition for clarity.

A gold alloy is a mixture of different metals, where gold is the primary component. The other metals are added to modify the properties of gold, such as its hardness, melting point, or color. These alloys can contain varying amounts of gold, ranging from 30% to 75%, depending on their intended use.

In dentistry, gold alloys refer to a specific type of alloy used for dental restorations like crowns, inlays, and onlays. These alloys typically contain between 60% and 90% gold, along with other metals such as silver, copper, and sometimes palladium or zinc. The high gold content ensures excellent biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and durability, making these alloys a popular choice for dental applications. Additionally, their malleability allows for precise shaping and adjustment during the fabrication process.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "nanocomposites" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a term used in materials science and engineering to refer to a type of composite material where at least one of the phases has dimensions in the nanoscale (typically less than 100 nanometers). Nanocomposites can have unique properties that make them useful for various applications, including biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems or tissue engineering scaffolds. However, the term itself is not a medical definition.

Lithium compounds refer to chemical substances that contain the element lithium (Li) combined with one or more other elements. Lithium is an alkali metal with the atomic number 3 and is highly reactive, so it is typically found in nature combined with other elements to form stable compounds.

Lithium compounds have a variety of uses, including in the production of ceramics, glass, and lubricants. However, they are perhaps best known for their use in psychiatric medicine, particularly in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) is the most commonly prescribed lithium compound for this purpose.

Lithium compounds work by affecting the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, including serotonin and dopamine. They can help to reduce the severity and frequency of manic episodes in people with bipolar disorder, as well as potentially having a mood-stabilizing effect. It is important to note that lithium compounds must be used under the close supervision of a healthcare provider, as they can have serious side effects if not properly monitored.

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is the use of computer systems to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. CAD software is used to create and manage designs in a variety of fields, such as architecture, engineering, and manufacturing. It allows designers to visualize their ideas in 2D or 3D, simulate how the design will function, and make changes quickly and easily. This can help to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the design process, and can also facilitate collaboration and communication among team members.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "silicates" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Silicates are a broad class of minerals that are composed of silicon and oxygen atoms in various arrangements. They are abundant in Earth's crust and are commonly found in sand, quartz, and many types of rocks.

While not directly related to human health, some silicate-based materials can have medical applications. For example, certain forms of magnesium silicate (talc) have been used as a component in some medications for their ability to absorb moisture and help reduce the risk of skin irritation. However, exposure to certain types of silica dust (like crystalline silica) has been linked to lung diseases such as silicosis, bronchitis, and lung cancer, especially in occupational settings like construction, sandblasting, and mining.

If you have any concerns about silicates or their potential impact on your health, I would recommend consulting a healthcare professional for personalized advice based on your specific situation.

Denture design refers to the plan and configuration of a removable dental prosthesis, which is created to replace missing teeth and surrounding tissues in the mouth. The design process involves several factors such as:

1. The number and position of artificial teeth (pontics) used to restore the functional occlusion and aesthetics.
2. The type and arrangement of the denture base material that supports the artificial teeth and conforms to the oral tissues.
3. The selection and placement of various rests, clasps, or attachments to improve retention, stability, and support of the denture.
4. The choice of materials used for the construction of the denture, including the type of acrylic resin, metal alloys, or other components.
5. Consideration of the patient's individual needs, preferences, and oral conditions to ensure optimal fit, comfort, and functionality.

The design process is typically carried out by a dental professional, such as a prosthodontist or denturist, in close collaboration with the patient to achieve a custom-made solution that meets their specific requirements.

Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) is a technique used in thermoanalysis to study the physical and chemical changes that occur in a material as it is heated or cooled. It measures the difference in temperature between a sample and a reference material, both of which are subjected to the same temperature program.

In DTA, the sample and reference material are placed in separate but identical holders, and the temperature of the reference material is kept constant while the temperature of the sample is increased or decreased at a controlled rate. As the sample undergoes physical or chemical changes, such as phase transitions or chemical reactions, it absorbs or releases heat, causing its temperature to change relative to the reference material.

The DTA curve plots the temperature difference between the sample and the reference material against time or temperature. The resulting curve provides information about the thermal behavior of the sample, including any endothermic or exothermic reactions that occur as it is heated or cooled. Endothermic reactions, which require heat input, are indicated by a negative deflection in the DTA curve, while exothermic reactions, which release heat, are indicated by a positive deflection.

DTA is widely used in materials science, chemistry, and physics to study the thermal properties of materials, including their phase transitions, melting points, crystallization behavior, and chemical stability. It can also be used to identify unknown materials or to characterize the purity of a sample.

A hardness test is a quantitative measure of a material's resistance to deformation, typically defined as the penetration of an indenter with a specific shape and load into the surface of the material being tested. There are several types of hardness tests, including Rockwell, Vickers, Brinell, and Knoop, each with their own specific methods and applications. The resulting hardness value is used to evaluate the material's properties, such as wear resistance, durability, and suitability for various industrial or manufacturing processes. Hardness tests are widely used in materials science, engineering, and quality control to ensure the consistency and reliability of materials and components.

"Wettability" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a term that is more commonly used in the fields of chemistry, physics, and materials science to describe how well a liquid spreads on a solid surface. In other words, it refers to the ability of a liquid to maintain contact with a solid surface, which can have implications for various medical applications such as the design of medical devices or the study of biological surfaces. However, it is not a term that would typically be used in a clinical medical context.

Magnesium silicates are a type of compound that consists of magnesium, silicon, and oxygen. They are often found in nature as minerals such as talc and serpentine. These compounds have a variety of uses, including as fillers in paper, paint, and rubber products, and as absorbents in cat litter.

In a medical context, magnesium silicates may be used as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid and relieve symptoms such as heartburn, indigestion, and upset stomach. They are also sometimes used as bulk-forming laxatives to treat constipation by absorbing water and swelling in the intestines, which helps to stimulate bowel movements.

It is important to note that some magnesium silicate compounds, such as talc, have been linked to health concerns when inhaled or ingested in large quantities. Therefore, they should be used as directed and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Biocompatible materials are non-toxic and non-reacting substances that can be used in medical devices, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems without causing harm or adverse reactions to living tissues or organs. These materials are designed to mimic the properties of natural tissues and are able to integrate with biological systems without being rejected by the body's immune system.

Biocompatible materials can be made from a variety of substances, including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. The specific properties of these materials, such as their mechanical strength, flexibility, and biodegradability, are carefully selected to meet the requirements of their intended medical application.

Examples of biocompatible materials include titanium used in dental implants and joint replacements, polyethylene used in artificial hips, and hydrogels used in contact lenses and drug delivery systems. The use of biocompatible materials has revolutionized modern medicine by enabling the development of advanced medical technologies that can improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

The Elastic Modulus, also known as Young's modulus, is a measure of the stiffness of a material. It is defined as the ratio of stress (force per unit area) to strain (partial deformation or change in length per unit length) in the elastic range of deformation of a material. In other words, it measures how much a material will deform (change in length or size) when subjected to a given amount of force. A higher elastic modulus indicates that a material is stiffer and less likely to deform, while a lower elastic modulus indicates that a material is more flexible and will deform more easily. The elastic modulus is typically expressed in units of Pascals (Pa) or Gigapascals (GPa).

I believe you are asking for a medical explanation or definition of the term "diamond" in a medical context. However, I should clarify that "diamond" is not a commonly used medical term for a specific disease, condition, or diagnostic feature. It's essential to provide more information if it relates to a particular medical concept or usage.

In general, the term "diamond" refers to a clear and colorless form of carbon with a crystalline structure in which each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms, forming a tetrahedral shape. It's widely known for its use as a valuable gemstone due to its exceptional hardness, brilliance, and fire.

However, there are some tangential medical connections to the term "diamond." For example:

1. Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA): A rare congenital bone marrow failure disorder characterized by a decrease in red blood cell production. It is named after Drs. Louis Diamond and Kenneth Blackfan, who first described it.
2. Turner syndrome with XY sex chromosomes: A rare genetic condition where an individual has only one functional X chromosome instead of the typical pair (XX) found in females. Occasionally, these individuals may have a Y chromosome fragment, often referred to as "mosaic Turner syndrome with XY cells" or "XY gonadal dysgenesis." In this context, the term "XY" is sometimes metaphorically described as a "genetic male's 'diamond in the rough'" due to its rarity and unique characteristics.

If you have more information about how the term "diamond" is being used in your specific medical context, I would be happy to help further clarify or provide additional details.

Tensile strength is a material property that measures the maximum amount of tensile (pulling) stress that a material can withstand before failure, such as breaking or fracturing. It is usually measured in units of force per unit area, such as pounds per square inch (psi) or pascals (Pa). In the context of medical devices or biomaterials, tensile strength may be used to describe the mechanical properties of materials used in implants, surgical tools, or other medical equipment. High tensile strength is often desirable in these applications to ensure that the material can withstand the stresses and forces it will encounter during use.

X-ray emission spectrometry is a technique used to analyze the elements present in a sample by measuring the characteristic X-rays that are emitted when the sample is bombarded with high-energy X-rays or charged particles. The sample is excited to emit X-rays, which have specific energies (wavelengths) that correspond to the energy levels of the electrons in the atoms of the elements present in the sample. These X-ray emissions are then detected and analyzed using a spectrometer, which separates and measures the intensity of the different X-ray energies. The resulting spectrum provides information about the identity and quantity of the elements present in the sample. This technique is widely used in materials analysis, particularly for the identification and quantification of heavy metals and other elements in a variety of samples, including geological, biological, and industrial materials.

A partial denture that is fixed, also known as a fixed partial denture or a dental bridge, is a type of prosthetic device used to replace one or more missing teeth. Unlike removable partial dentures, which can be taken out of the mouth for cleaning and maintenance, fixed partial dentures are permanently attached to the remaining natural teeth or implants surrounding the gap left by the missing tooth or teeth.

A typical fixed partial denture consists of an artificial tooth (or pontic) that is fused to one or two crowns on either side. The crowns are cemented onto the prepared surfaces of the adjacent teeth, providing a stable and secure attachment for the pontic. This creates a natural-looking and functional replacement for the missing tooth or teeth.

Fixed partial dentures offer several advantages over removable options, including improved stability, comfort, and aesthetics. However, they typically require more extensive preparation of the adjacent teeth, which may involve removing some healthy tooth structure to accommodate the crowns. Proper oral hygiene is essential to maintain the health of the supporting teeth and gums, as well as the longevity of the fixed partial denture. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are also necessary to ensure the continued success of this type of restoration.

Self-curing of dental resins, also known as auto-curing or self-cure, refers to the ability of certain dental materials to undergo polymerization and harden without the need for external light activation. This process is typically achieved through a chemical reaction between two components within the material that generates heat and causes the resin to solidify.

Self-curing dental resins are commonly used in dentistry for various applications, such as filling cavities or creating dental restorations like crowns and bridges. These materials offer several advantages over light-cured resins, including easier placement in hard-to-reach areas and reduced dependence on specialized equipment.

However, self-curing resins may have some limitations compared to light-cured alternatives, such as longer setting times, potential for overheating during the curing process, and less precise control over the degree of polymerization.

Dental cements are materials used in dentistry to bond or seal restorative dental materials, such as crowns, fillings, and orthodontic appliances, to natural tooth structures. They can be made from various materials including glass ionomers, resin-modified glass ionomers, zinc oxide eugenol, polycarboxylate, and composite resins. The choice of cement depends on the specific clinical situation and the properties required, such as strength, durability, biocompatibility, and esthetics.

Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) is a technique used in materials science and geology to analyze the chemical composition of materials at very small scales, typically on the order of microns or less. In this technique, a focused beam of electrons is directed at a sample, causing the emission of X-rays that are characteristic of the elements present in the sample. By analyzing the energy and intensity of these X-rays, researchers can determine the concentration of different elements in the sample with high precision and accuracy.

EPMA is typically performed using a specialized instrument called an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), which consists of an electron column for generating and focusing the electron beam, an X-ray spectrometer for analyzing the emitted X-rays, and a stage for positioning and manipulating the sample. The technique is widely used in fields such as mineralogy, geochemistry, metallurgy, and materials science to study the composition and structure of minerals, alloys, semiconductors, and other materials.

One of the key advantages of EPMA is its ability to analyze the chemical composition of small regions within a sample, even in cases where there are spatial variations in composition or where the sample is heterogeneous. This makes it an ideal technique for studying the distribution and behavior of trace elements in minerals, the microstructure of alloys and other materials, and the composition of individual grains or phases within a polyphase material. Additionally, EPMA can be used to analyze both conductive and non-conductive samples, making it a versatile tool for a wide range of applications.

In the context of medical terminology, 'color' is not defined specifically with a unique meaning. Instead, it generally refers to the characteristic or appearance of something, particularly in relation to the color that a person may observe visually. For instance, doctors may describe the color of a patient's skin, eyes, hair, or bodily fluids to help diagnose medical conditions or monitor their progression.

For example, jaundice is a yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes that can indicate liver problems, while cyanosis refers to a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to insufficient oxygen in the blood. Similarly, doctors may describe the color of stool or urine to help diagnose digestive or kidney issues.

Therefore, 'color' is not a medical term with a specific definition but rather a general term used to describe various visual characteristics of the body and bodily fluids that can provide important diagnostic clues for healthcare professionals.

Air abrasion, dental, is a method of removing decay and minor defects from teeth using a stream of air and fine particles. This technique is an alternative to the traditional drilling method and is often used in preventative dentistry and for preparing teeth for fillings or sealants. The process is generally considered to be more comfortable for patients as it typically does not require anesthesia, and it can be more precise and less invasive than drilling. However, air abrasion may not be suitable for all types of dental work and its use is determined by the dentist on a case-by-case basis.

Physicochemical processes refer to interactions and changes that occur at the interface of physical and chemical systems in a living organism or biological sample. These processes are crucial in understanding various biological phenomena, including cellular functions, metabolic pathways, and drug actions. They involve the transformation of energy and matter, as well as the formation and breaking of chemical bonds.

Examples of physicochemical processes include:

1. Membrane transport: The movement of molecules across biological membranes through passive diffusion or active transport.
2. Enzyme kinetics: The study of how enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions, including the rate of reaction and the factors that affect it.
3. Protein folding: The process by which a protein molecule assumes its three-dimensional structure, which is critical for its function.
4. Acid-base equilibria: The balance between acids and bases in biological systems, which affects various physiological processes such as pH regulation.
5. Oxidation-reduction reactions: The transfer of electrons between molecules, which plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and other cellular functions.
6. Conformational changes: The alterations in the shape or structure of biological macromolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, that are critical for their function.
7. Phase transitions: The transformation of matter from one physical state to another, such as the melting of lipid membranes or the denaturation of proteins.

Understanding physicochemical processes is essential in developing medical interventions, including drugs and therapies, as well as in diagnosing and treating various diseases.

Osseointegration is a direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of an implant. It's a process where the bone grows in and around the implant, which is typically made of titanium or another biocompatible material. This process provides a solid foundation for dental prosthetics, such as crowns, bridges, or dentures, or for orthopedic devices like artificial limbs. The success of osseointegration depends on various factors, including the patient's overall health, the quality and quantity of available bone, and the surgical technique used for implant placement.

In the context of medical terminology, "porosity" is not a term that is frequently used to describe human tissues or organs. However, in dermatology and cosmetics, porosity refers to the ability of the skin to absorb and retain moisture or topical treatments.

A skin with high porosity has larger pores and can absorb more products, while a skin with low porosity has smaller pores and may have difficulty absorbing products. It is important to note that this definition of porosity is not a medical one but is instead used in the beauty industry.

Corrosion is a process of deterioration or damage to a material, usually a metal, caused by chemical reactions with its environment. In the medical context, corrosion may refer to the breakdown and destruction of living tissue due to exposure to harsh substances or environmental conditions. This can occur in various parts of the body, such as the skin, mouth, or gastrointestinal tract, and can be caused by factors like acid reflux, infection, or exposure to chemicals.

In the case of medical devices made of metal, corrosion can also refer to the degradation of the device due to chemical reactions with bodily fluids or tissues. This can compromise the function and safety of the device, potentially leading to complications or failure. Therefore, understanding and preventing corrosion is an important consideration in the design and use of medical devices made of metal.

Experimental implants refer to medical devices that are not yet approved by regulatory authorities for general use in medical practice. These are typically being tested in clinical trials to evaluate their safety and efficacy. The purpose of experimental implants is to determine whether they can be used as a viable treatment option for various medical conditions. They may include, but are not limited to, devices such as artificial joints, heart valves, or spinal cord stimulators that are still in the developmental or testing stage. Participation in clinical trials involving experimental implants is voluntary and usually requires informed consent from the patient.

Mechanical stress, in the context of physiology and medicine, refers to any type of force that is applied to body tissues or organs, which can cause deformation or displacement of those structures. Mechanical stress can be either external, such as forces exerted on the body during physical activity or trauma, or internal, such as the pressure changes that occur within blood vessels or other hollow organs.

Mechanical stress can have a variety of effects on the body, depending on the type, duration, and magnitude of the force applied. For example, prolonged exposure to mechanical stress can lead to tissue damage, inflammation, and chronic pain. Additionally, abnormal or excessive mechanical stress can contribute to the development of various musculoskeletal disorders, such as tendinitis, osteoarthritis, and herniated discs.

In order to mitigate the negative effects of mechanical stress, the body has a number of adaptive responses that help to distribute forces more evenly across tissues and maintain structural integrity. These responses include changes in muscle tone, joint positioning, and connective tissue stiffness, as well as the remodeling of bone and other tissues over time. However, when these adaptive mechanisms are overwhelmed or impaired, mechanical stress can become a significant factor in the development of various pathological conditions.

Prostheses: Artificial substitutes or replacements for missing body parts, such as limbs, eyes, or teeth. They are designed to restore the function, appearance, or mobility of the lost part. Prosthetic devices can be categorized into several types, including:

1. External prostheses: Devices that are attached to the outside of the body, like artificial arms, legs, hands, and feet. These may be further classified into:
a. Cosmetic or aesthetic prostheses: Primarily designed to improve the appearance of the affected area.
b. Functional prostheses: Designed to help restore the functionality and mobility of the lost limb.
2. Internal prostheses: Implanted artificial parts that replace missing internal organs, bones, or tissues, such as heart valves, hip joints, or intraocular lenses.

Implants: Medical devices or substances that are intentionally placed inside the body to replace or support a missing or damaged biological structure, deliver medication, monitor physiological functions, or enhance bodily functions. Examples of implants include:

1. Orthopedic implants: Devices used to replace or reinforce damaged bones, joints, or cartilage, such as knee or hip replacements.
2. Cardiovascular implants: Devices that help support or regulate heart function, like pacemakers, defibrillators, and artificial heart valves.
3. Dental implants: Artificial tooth roots that are placed into the jawbone to support dental prostheses, such as crowns, bridges, or dentures.
4. Neurological implants: Devices used to stimulate nerves, brain structures, or spinal cord tissues to treat various neurological conditions, like deep brain stimulators for Parkinson's disease or cochlear implants for hearing loss.
5. Ophthalmic implants: Artificial lenses that are placed inside the eye to replace a damaged or removed natural lens, such as intraocular lenses used in cataract surgery.

I believe you may have made a typo in your question. "Archaeology" is the scientific study of past human cultures and societies through the recovery, examination, and analysis of material remains such as artifacts, buildings, biofacts (e.g., bones, shells), and cultural landscapes. It is not typically associated with medical definitions. If you intended to ask for a different term related to medicine or healthcare, please let me know so I can provide the correct information.

For more information about archaeology, you may be interested in visiting the World Archaeological Congress () or the Society for American Archaeology () websites to learn more about this fascinating field of study.

Biocompatible coated materials refer to surfaces or substances that are treated or engineered with a layer or film designed to interact safely and effectively with living tissues or biological systems, without causing harm or adverse reactions. The coating material is typically composed of biomaterials that can withstand the conditions of the specific application while promoting a positive response from the body.

The purpose of these coatings may vary depending on the medical device or application. For example, they might be used to enhance the lubricity and wear resistance of implantable devices, reduce the risk of infection, promote integration with surrounding tissues, control drug release, or prevent the formation of biofilms.

Biocompatible coated materials must undergo rigorous testing and evaluation to ensure their safety and efficacy in various clinical settings. This includes assessing potential cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, sensitization, hemocompatibility, carcinogenicity, and other factors that could impact the body's response to the material.

Examples of biocompatible coating materials include:

1. Hydrogels: Cross-linked networks of hydrophilic polymers that can be used for drug delivery, tissue engineering, or as lubricious coatings on medical devices.
2. Self-assembling monolayers (SAMs): Organosilane or thiol-based molecules that form a stable, well-ordered film on surfaces, which can be further functionalized to promote specific biological interactions.
3. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG): A biocompatible polymer often used as a coating material due to its ability to reduce protein adsorption and cell attachment, making it useful for preventing biofouling or thrombosis on medical devices.
4. Bioactive glass: A type of biomaterial composed of silica-based glasses that can stimulate bone growth and healing when used as a coating material in orthopedic or dental applications.
5. Drug-eluting coatings: Biocompatible polymers impregnated with therapeutic agents, designed to release the drug over time to promote healing, prevent infection, or inhibit restenosis in various medical devices.

Artificial saliva is a synthetic solution that mimics the chemical composition and properties of natural saliva. It is often used for patients with dry mouth (xerostomia) caused by conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome, radiation therapy, or certain medications that reduce saliva production. Artificial saliva may contain ingredients like carboxymethylcellulose, mucin, and electrolytes to provide lubrication, moisture, and pH buffering capacity similar to natural saliva. It can help alleviate symptoms associated with dry mouth, such as difficulty speaking, swallowing, and chewing, as well as protect oral tissues from irritation and infection.

In the context of medicine, "lead" most commonly refers to lead exposure or lead poisoning. Lead is a heavy metal that can be harmful to the human body, even at low levels. It can enter the body through contaminated air, water, food, or soil, and it can also be absorbed through the skin.

Lead poisoning occurs when lead builds up in the body over time, causing damage to the brain, nervous system, red blood cells, and kidneys. Symptoms of lead poisoning may include abdominal pain, constipation, fatigue, headache, irritability, memory problems, and in severe cases, seizures, coma, or even death.

Lead exposure is particularly dangerous for children, as their developing bodies are more sensitive to the harmful effects of lead. Even low levels of lead exposure can cause learning disabilities, behavioral problems, and developmental delays in children. Therefore, it's important to minimize lead exposure and seek medical attention if lead poisoning is suspected.

Methacrylates are a group of chemical compounds that contain the methacrylate functional group, which is a vinyl group (CH2=CH-) with a carbonyl group (C=O) at the β-position. This structure gives them unique chemical and physical properties, such as low viscosity, high reactivity, and resistance to heat and chemicals.

In medical terms, methacrylates are used in various biomedical applications, such as dental restorative materials, bone cements, and drug delivery systems. For example, methacrylate-based resins are commonly used in dentistry for fillings, crowns, and bridges due to their excellent mechanical properties and adhesion to tooth structures.

However, there have been concerns about the potential toxicity of methacrylates, particularly their ability to release monomers that can cause allergic reactions, irritation, or even mutagenic effects in some individuals. Therefore, it is essential to use these materials with caution and follow proper handling and safety protocols.

The dental casting technique is a method used in dentistry to create accurate replicas or reproductions of teeth and oral structures. This process typically involves the following steps:

1. Making an impression: A dental professional takes an impression of the patient's teeth and oral structures using a special material, such as alginate or polyvinyl siloxane. The impression material captures the precise shape and contours of the teeth and surrounding tissues.
2. Pouring the cast: The impression is then filled with a casting material, such as gypsum-based stone, which hardens to form a positive model or replica of the teeth and oral structures. This model is called a dental cast or die.
3. Examining and modifying the cast: The dental cast can be used for various purposes, such as analyzing the patient's bite, planning treatment, fabricating dental appliances, or creating study models for teaching or research purposes. Dental professionals may also modify the cast to simulate various conditions or treatments.
4. Replicating the process: In some cases, multiple casts may be made from a single impression, allowing dental professionals to create identical replicas of the patient's teeth and oral structures. This can be useful for comparing changes over time, creating duplicate appliances, or sharing information with other dental professionals involved in the patient's care.

The dental casting technique is an essential part of many dental procedures, as it enables dentists to accurately assess, plan, and implement treatments based on the unique characteristics of each patient's oral structures.

Bone regeneration is the biological process of new bone formation that occurs after an injury or removal of a portion of bone. This complex process involves several stages, including inflammation, migration and proliferation of cells, matrix deposition, and mineralization, leading to the restoration of the bone's structure and function.

The main cells involved in bone regeneration are osteoblasts, which produce new bone matrix, and osteoclasts, which resorb damaged or old bone tissue. The process is tightly regulated by various growth factors, hormones, and signaling molecules that promote the recruitment, differentiation, and activity of these cells.

Bone regeneration can occur naturally in response to injury or surgical intervention, such as fracture repair or dental implant placement. However, in some cases, bone regeneration may be impaired due to factors such as age, disease, or trauma, leading to delayed healing or non-union of the bone. In these situations, various strategies and techniques, including the use of bone grafts, scaffolds, and growth factors, can be employed to enhance and support the bone regeneration process.

Lead poisoning is a type of metal poisoning caused by the accumulation of lead in the body, often over months or years. Even small amounts of lead can cause serious health problems. Children under the age of 6 are particularly vulnerable to lead poisoning, which can severely affect mental and physical development.

The primary source of lead exposure is lead-based paint and lead-contaminated dust in older buildings. Lead can also be found in water supplied through lead pipes, soil contaminated by historical industrial activity, air (in certain industries and locations), and some consumer products such as toys, cosmetics, and traditional medicines.

Lead poisoning can cause a wide range of symptoms, including developmental delays, learning difficulties, abdominal pain, irritability, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, constipation, vomiting, and memory or concentration problems. In severe cases, it can lead to seizures, coma, and even death.

It's important to note that there is no safe level of lead exposure, and any amount of lead in the body is potentially harmful. If you suspect lead poisoning, consult a healthcare professional for evaluation and treatment options.

Silicon dioxide is not a medical term, but a chemical compound with the formula SiO2. It's commonly known as quartz or sand and is not something that would typically have a medical definition. However, in some cases, silicon dioxide can be used in pharmaceutical preparations as an excipient (an inactive substance that serves as a vehicle or medium for a drug) or as a food additive, often as an anti-caking agent.

In these contexts, it's important to note that silicon dioxide is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, exposure to very high levels of respirable silica dust, such as in certain industrial settings, can increase the risk of lung disease, including silicosis.

In a medical context, "hot temperature" is not a standard medical term with a specific definition. However, it is often used in relation to fever, which is a common symptom of illness. A fever is typically defined as a body temperature that is higher than normal, usually above 38°C (100.4°F) for adults and above 37.5-38°C (99.5-101.3°F) for children, depending on the source.

Therefore, when a medical professional talks about "hot temperature," they may be referring to a body temperature that is higher than normal due to fever or other causes. It's important to note that a high environmental temperature can also contribute to an elevated body temperature, so it's essential to consider both the body temperature and the environmental temperature when assessing a patient's condition.

Dental alloys are materials made by combining two or more metals to be used in dental restorations, such as crowns, bridges, fillings, and orthodontic appliances. These alloys can be classified into three main categories based on their composition:

1. Precious Alloys: Predominantly composed of precious metals like gold, platinum, palladium, and silver. They are highly corrosion-resistant, biocompatible, and durable, making them suitable for long-term use in dental restorations. Common examples include high noble (gold) alloys and noble alloys.
2. Base Metal Alloys: Contain primarily non-precious metals like nickel, chromium, cobalt, and beryllium. They are more affordable than precious alloys but may cause allergic reactions or sensitivities in some patients. Common examples include nickel-chromium alloys and cobalt-chromium alloys.
3. Castable Glass Ionomer Alloys: A combination of glass ionomer cement (GIC) powder and metal liquid, which can be cast into various dental restorations. They have the advantage of being both strong and adhesive to tooth structure but may not be as durable as other alloy types.

Each type of dental alloy has its unique properties and applications, depending on the specific clinical situation and patient needs. Dental professionals consider factors like cost, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and esthetics when selecting an appropriate alloy for a dental restoration.

In medicine, elasticity refers to the ability of a tissue or organ to return to its original shape after being stretched or deformed. This property is due to the presence of elastic fibers in the extracellular matrix of the tissue, which can stretch and recoil like rubber bands.

Elasticity is an important characteristic of many tissues, particularly those that are subjected to repeated stretching or compression, such as blood vessels, lungs, and skin. For example, the elasticity of the lungs allows them to expand and contract during breathing, while the elasticity of blood vessels helps maintain normal blood pressure by allowing them to expand and constrict in response to changes in blood flow.

In addition to its role in normal physiology, elasticity is also an important factor in the diagnosis and treatment of various medical conditions. For example, decreased elasticity in the lungs can be a sign of lung disease, while increased elasticity in the skin can be a sign of aging or certain genetic disorders. Medical professionals may use techniques such as pulmonary function tests or skin biopsies to assess elasticity and help diagnose these conditions.

In the medical field, cementation refers to the process of using a type of dental cement or bonding agent to attach a dental restoration (such as a crown, bridge, or false tooth) to a natural tooth or implant. The cement helps to create a strong and secure attachment, while also helping to seal the restoration and prevent the entry of bacteria and saliva.

Dental cement can be made from various materials, including glass ionomers, resin-modified glass ionomers, zinc phosphate, and polycarboxylate cements. The choice of cement depends on several factors, such as the type of restoration being attached, the location in the mouth, and the patient's individual needs and preferences.

Cementation is an important step in many dental procedures, as it helps to ensure the longevity and success of the restoration. Proper technique and material selection are crucial for achieving a successful cementation that will last for years to come.

Sinus floor augmentation, also known as sinus lift or maxillary sinus floor elevation, is a surgical procedure in dental medicine that aims to increase the amount of bone in the upper jaw (maxilla) in the area of the premolars and molars. This procedure is typically performed in preparation for dental implant placement in cases where there is insufficient bone height or density due to alveolar bone resorption, anatomical variations such as pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, or complications from previous oral surgery.

During the sinus floor augmentation procedure, a small opening is made in the upper jawbone, usually through the side of the mouth (buccal approach) or from inside the mouth (crestal approach). The membrane lining the sinus cavity (sinus membrane or Schneiderian membrane) is carefully lifted and detached from the underlying bone, creating a space between the sinus floor and the jawbone. Bone graft material, which can be autogenous (patient's own), allogeneic (donor-derived), xenogeneic (animal-derived), or synthetic, is then placed into this space to stimulate new bone growth. The opening in the jawbone is then closed with sutures, and a healing period follows before dental implant placement can be considered.

The primary goal of sinus floor augmentation is to provide adequate bone volume and quality for successful dental implant integration and long-term stability.

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is not strictly a medical definition, but it is a technique commonly used in the field of medical research and diagnostics. XRD is a form of analytical spectroscopy that uses the phenomenon of X-ray diffraction to investigate the crystallographic structure of materials. When a beam of X-rays strikes a crystal, it is scattered in specific directions and with specific intensities that are determined by the arrangement of atoms within the crystal. By measuring these diffraction patterns, researchers can determine the crystal structures of various materials, including biological macromolecules such as proteins and viruses.

In the medical field, XRD is often used to study the structure of drugs and drug candidates, as well as to analyze the composition and structure of tissues and other biological samples. For example, XRD can be used to investigate the crystal structures of calcium phosphate minerals in bone tissue, which can provide insights into the mechanisms of bone formation and disease. Additionally, XRD is sometimes used in the development of new medical imaging techniques, such as phase-contrast X-ray imaging, which has the potential to improve the resolution and contrast of traditional X-ray images.

Crystallography is a branch of science that deals with the geometric properties, internal arrangement, and formation of crystals. It involves the study of the arrangement of atoms, molecules, or ions in a crystal lattice and the physical properties that result from this arrangement. Crystallographers use techniques such as X-ray diffraction to determine the structure of crystals at the atomic level. This information is important for understanding the properties of various materials and can be used in fields such as materials science, chemistry, and biology.

Bone transplantation, also known as bone grafting, is a surgical procedure in which bone or bone-like material is transferred from one part of the body to another or from one person to another. The graft may be composed of cortical (hard outer portion) bone, cancellous (spongy inner portion) bone, or a combination of both. It can be taken from different sites in the same individual (autograft), from another individual of the same species (allograft), or from an animal source (xenograft). The purpose of bone transplantation is to replace missing bone, provide structural support, and stimulate new bone growth. This procedure is commonly used in orthopedic, dental, and maxillofacial surgeries to repair bone defects caused by trauma, tumors, or congenital conditions.

Osteogenesis is the process of bone formation or development. It involves the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts, which are bone-forming cells that synthesize and deposit the organic matrix of bone tissue, composed mainly of type I collagen. This organic matrix later mineralizes to form the inorganic crystalline component of bone, primarily hydroxyapatite.

There are two primary types of osteogenesis: intramembranous and endochondral. Intramembranous osteogenesis occurs directly within connective tissue, where mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts and form bone tissue without an intervening cartilage template. This process is responsible for the formation of flat bones like the skull and clavicles.

Endochondral osteogenesis, on the other hand, involves the initial development of a cartilaginous model or template, which is later replaced by bone tissue. This process forms long bones, such as those in the limbs, and occurs through several stages involving chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophy, and calcification, followed by invasion of blood vessels and osteoblasts to replace the cartilage with bone tissue.

Abnormalities in osteogenesis can lead to various skeletal disorders and diseases, such as osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease), achondroplasia (a form of dwarfism), and cleidocranial dysplasia (a disorder affecting skull and collarbone development).

Composite resins, also known as dental composites or filling materials, are a type of restorative material used in dentistry to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of missing tooth structure. They are called composite resins because they are composed of a combination of materials, including a resin matrix (usually made of bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate or urethane dimethacrylate) and filler particles (commonly made of silica, quartz, or glass).

The composite resins are widely used in modern dentistry due to their excellent esthetic properties, ease of handling, and ability to bond directly to tooth structure. They can be used for a variety of restorative procedures, including direct and indirect fillings, veneers, inlays, onlays, and crowns.

Composite resins are available in various shades and opacities, allowing dentists to match the color and translucency of natural teeth closely. They also have good wear resistance, strength, and durability, making them a popular choice for both anterior and posterior restorations. However, composite resins may be prone to staining over time and may require more frequent replacement compared to other types of restorative materials.

Equipment Failure Analysis is a process of identifying the cause of failure in medical equipment or devices. This involves a systematic examination and evaluation of the equipment, its components, and operational history to determine why it failed. The analysis may include physical inspection, chemical testing, and review of maintenance records, as well as assessment of design, manufacturing, and usage factors that may have contributed to the failure.

The goal of Equipment Failure Analysis is to identify the root cause of the failure, so that corrective actions can be taken to prevent similar failures in the future. This is important in medical settings to ensure patient safety and maintain the reliability and effectiveness of medical equipment.

Titanium is not a medical term, but rather a chemical element (symbol Ti, atomic number 22) that is widely used in the medical field due to its unique properties. Medically, it is often referred to as a biocompatible material used in various medical applications such as:

1. Orthopedic implants: Titanium and its alloys are used for making joint replacements (hips, knees, shoulders), bone plates, screws, and rods due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility.
2. Dental implants: Titanium is also commonly used in dental applications like implants, crowns, and bridges because of its ability to osseointegrate, or fuse directly with bone tissue, providing a stable foundation for replacement teeth.
3. Cardiovascular devices: Titanium alloys are used in the construction of heart valves, pacemakers, and other cardiovascular implants due to their non-magnetic properties, which prevent interference with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
4. Medical instruments: Due to its resistance to corrosion and high strength, titanium is used in the manufacturing of various medical instruments such as surgical tools, needles, and catheters.

In summary, Titanium is a chemical element with unique properties that make it an ideal material for various medical applications, including orthopedic and dental implants, cardiovascular devices, and medical instruments.

Aluminum compounds refer to chemical substances that are formed by the combination of aluminum with other elements. Aluminum is a naturally occurring metallic element, and it can combine with various non-metallic elements to form compounds with unique properties and uses. Some common aluminum compounds include:

1. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3): Also known as alumina, this compound is formed when aluminum combines with oxygen. It is a white, odorless powder that is highly resistant to heat and corrosion. Aluminum oxide is used in a variety of applications, including ceramics, abrasives, and refractories.
2. Aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3): This compound is formed when aluminum combines with sulfuric acid. It is a white, crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water. Aluminum sulfate is used as a flocculant in water treatment, as well as in the manufacture of paper and textiles.
3. Aluminum chloride (AlCl3): This compound is formed when aluminum combines with chlorine. It is a white or yellowish-white solid that is highly deliquescent, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the air. Aluminum chloride is used as a catalyst in chemical reactions, as well as in the production of various industrial chemicals.
4. Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3): This compound is formed when aluminum combines with hydroxide ions. It is a white, powdery substance that is amphoteric, meaning it can react with both acids and bases. Aluminum hydroxide is used as an antacid and as a fire retardant.
5. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3): This compound is formed when zinc oxide is combined with aluminum hydroxide. It is a white, powdery substance that is used as a filler in rubber and plastics, as well as in the manufacture of paints and coatings.

It's important to note that some aluminum compounds have been linked to health concerns, particularly when they are inhaled or ingested in large quantities. For example, aluminum chloride has been shown to be toxic to animals at high doses, while aluminum hydroxide has been associated with neurological disorders in some studies. However, the risks associated with exposure to these compounds are generally low, and they are considered safe for most industrial and consumer uses when used as directed.

... website (Use mdy dates from March 2016, 1948 establishments in California, Ceramics manufacturers of the United ... Geoff McFetridge x Heath Ceramics Design in Time: One-of-a-kind clocks premiere at Heath Ceramics Pilar Vilades, Heath Crosses ... Amos Klausner, "The Legacy of Edith Heath and Heath Ceramics" in Heath Ceramics: The Complexity of Simplicity, page 26. Amos ... Amos Klausner, "The Legacy of Edith Heath and Heath Ceramics" in Heath Ceramics: The Complexity of Simplicity, page 39. Amos ...
... there are ceramic museums with ceramic art made by Waechtersbach ceramics. "Waechtersbach USA - Waechtersbach". Retrieved ... Waechtersbach ceramics is a German ceramics manufacturer in Brachttal near Wächtersbach, which was founded in 1832 by the ... During the early 20th century, Waechtersbach introduced Art Nouveau style ceramics. It made works designed by Joseph Maria ... Waechtersbach USA - Official Homepage Waechtersbach Germany - Official Homepage Ceramic Hob Cooktop Safety v t e (Commons ...
Vietnam Transporting ceramics at Bat Trang, Vietnam Khmer ceramics Lao ceramics Philippine ceramics Thai ceramics Tapayan The ... Vietnamese ceramics refers to ceramic art and pottery as a form of Vietnamese art and industry. Vietnamese pottery and ceramics ... ofThai ceramics. Vietnamese ceramics also made up a small quantity in the 15th-century West Asian market. While ceramic wares ... A number of ceramic wares were found at this site. Bát Tràng porcelain and pottery is a type of ceramics made in the village of ...
"Ceramics: where to go for what you need". The Daily Star. Retrieved 13 June 2014. v t e v t e (Ceramics manufacturers of ... Monno Ceramic is a ceramic tableware manufacturing companies in Bangladesh. Based in Dhaka, the company was established in 1984 ... "Ceramics- A daily essential". New Age. Archived from the original on 13 June 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2014. "not just your ...
Thai art Burmese ceramics Chinese ceramics Lao ceramics Khmer ceramics Philippine ceramics Tapayan Birmingham Museum of Art ( ... Thai ceramics are ceramic art and pottery designed or produced as a form of Thai art. The tradition of Thai ceramics dates back ... Si Satchanalai Historical Park , Ceramic industry Asia-art.net , Art of Thai ceramics Maritime Asia , Ceramics background & ... They made considerable ceramics uses in relation to religious symbols in the form of figurines. Ceramics were also used as a ...
In the city, there are two ceramic museums, the "civic museum" which also houses a gallery of contemporary ceramics and the " ... The Ceramica di Caltagirone is a type of ceramics made in Caltagirone, in Sicily. This pottery is one of the most documented ... His historical knowledge is based on recent research carried out in the context of the creation of the Museum of Ceramics , ... In Caltagirone, the first examples of ceramic figures for the Nativity scene, probably date in the Middle Ages. In the 18th ...
... online-ceramics.com. "PAST DESIGNS". online-ceramics.com. "Online Ceramics on Instagram: "Feelin a little team appreciation day ... "Online Ceramics Collaborates With A24 on 'The Witch' Capsule". Highsnobiety. April 18, 2019. "Online Ceramics x A24: How a ... "Online Ceramics (@onlineceramics) • Instagram photos and videos". www.instagram.com. "Online Ceramics x A24: How a Partnership ... Jayes, Ella (November 12, 2019). "Online Ceramics: Meet Elijah Funk and Alix Ross". Milk. "ONLINE CERAMICS DROPS TIE-DYE DEAD ...
... have had an enormous influence on other ceramic traditions in these areas. Increasingly over their long ... Pergamon Press, Institute of Ceramics. 1988. Pierson, Stacey, (1996). Earth, Fire and Water: Chinese Ceramic Technology. ... ceramic figurine of a military officer A ceramic cavalryman with a horn, Northern Wei (386-534) Grey stoneware jar with high- ... 8th century A ceramic offering plate with "three colours" glaze, decorated with a bird and trees, 8th century A ceramic ...
... P.J.S.C is a ceramic brand. Founded in 1989 and headquartered in the United Arab Emirates, RAK Ceramics serves ... RAK Ceramics specializes in ceramic and gres porcelain wall and floor tiles, sanitaryware, faucets and tableware. RAK Ceramics ... In 2010 RAK Ceramics becomes the world's largest ceramics manufacturer. By 2012, RAK Ceramics had supplied 1 billion square ... the widest range offered in the ceramics field. Today RAK Ceramics is one of the largest ceramic manufacturers in the world ...
"Welcome to Wade Ceramics Ltd". Wade Ceramics Ltd. Retrieved 22 October 2007. "People of Stoke-on-Trent: George Wade". ... Edward Duke (21 March 2005). "Wade Ceramics: About us". Wade Ceramics Ltd. Retrieved 22 October 2007. "Stoke-on-Trent's Wade ... Wade Ceramics Ltd was a manufacturer of porcelain and earthenware, headquartered in Stoke-on-Trent, England. Its products ... As the Hallen firm was owned by a distant relative and had been founded in 1810, Wade Ceramics (through this) claims to have ...
... but acknowledges that the isolation of Sepo ceramics for the period immediately preceding the Mississippian presence has not ...
... have been made by Ceramiche Baldelli in Città di Castello, near Perugia, Italy, since 1943. The Baldelli ... Ceramics manufacturers of Italy, Italian brands, Design companies established in 1943, Italian companies established in 1943). ... family have been making ceramics for four generations. Ceramist Dante Baldelli (1904-1953), a ceramist working since the 1920s ...
Canakkale ceramics date back to the 17th century. They were born from Iznik ceramics, which were known as the pinnacle of the ... When they became the favorite style of ceramics, Canakkale ceramics adopted these elements for their own design. The making of ... It wasn't until the 17th century that Canakkale ceramics became very popular. When production of Iznik ceramics decreased, ... The ceramics would be coated with either red earthenware or engobe, then left out in the sun to dry, after which they would be ...
... ceramic floor and wall tiles consist of the bulk of Mexico's ceramic production. The second largest type of ceramic product is ... Ceramics in Mexico date back thousands of years before the Pre-Columbian period, when ceramic arts and pottery crafts developed ... Much of the ceramic is a bright blue on a white background, but other colors such as yellow, orange, green and purple can be ... Ceramic tiles, jars and dishes can be found for sale all over the city of Puebla, and most of the historic center's colonial ...
Turkey Ceramics Ceramic glazes Glossary of pottery terms Porcelain Pottery Slipware Dictionary Of Ceramics. Arthur Dodd & David ... Ceramic Whitewares - History, Technology And Applications. Rexford Newcomb, Jr. Pitman Publishing, 1947. Dictionary Of Ceramics ... A slip may be made for various other purposes in the production and decoration of ceramics, such as slip can be used to mix the ... A slip is a clay slurry used to produce pottery and other ceramic wares. Liquified clay, in which there is no fixed ratio of ...
... are ceramics produced in Lodi, a city in the Lombardy region of Northern Italy. Their artistic quality reached ... Furthermore, the ceramics of Lodi must have had a good reputation considering that Lodi ceramics workers are documented to be ... Tin-glazing made the ceramics uniform. Having a tin based glaze, Lodi ceramics are to be considered maiolica. The firing ... The presence of ceramics manufacture in the 16th century and of at least 3 furnaces in Lodi in the 17th century is well ...
Burmese ceramics Lao ceramics Philippine ceramics Thai ceramics Vietnamese ceramics Media related to Ceramics of Cambodia at ... Khmer ceramics refers to ceramic art and pottery designed or produced as a form of Khmer art. The tradition of Cambodian ... In Europe the Musée Guimet in Paris has a number of historic Cambodian ceramic pieces. The Khmer Ceramics & Fine Arts Centre in ... collection/ceramics.html v t e (Commons category link is on Wikidata, Cambodian art, History of ceramics, Pottery by country, ...
Ceramics played a big role in society during the Maya Classic Period, when the Maya elite used ceramics not only to give gifts ... Since these ceramics were traded and gifted, many end up in differing environments. In Teotihuacan, many ceramics from Tikal ... Maya ceramics are ceramics produced in the Pre-Columbian Maya culture of Mesoamerica. The vessels used different colors, sizes ... standard ceramic complex time periods and ceramic sphere names' from Smith, 1955. Elizabeth Varela G. (1984) [Purchased new as ...
A ceramics museum is a museum wholly or largely devoted to ceramics, usually ceramic art. Its collections may also include ... Gwanggju Icheon World Ceramic Center, The Netherlands Princessehof Ceramics Museum, Leeuwarden, Ceramics Museum Tienschuur, ... However, there are a number of specialized ceramics museums, with some focusing on the ceramics of just one country, region or ... Kyushu Ceramic Museum), and Tokyo. The Arita Porcelain Park is perhaps the world's only theme park based on ceramics. NGK ...
Among the better known ceramic production plants were "Kol-Keramic" (Haifa), "Carnet" (Netanya Ceramics),"Ceramit" (Netanya) " ... Israeli ceramics are ceramics designed either in Mandatory Palestine or Israel from the beginning of the 20th century. In ... The 1950s and 1960s were the most important years of ceramic activity in the field of Israeli art. For the first time ceramic ... See: Alec Mishory, "Song of Praise to Mud," in: The way of Clay, 50 years of Israeli Ceramics (Ramat Gan: Ceramics Museum ...
... were a part of the Castro Culture of the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. The ceramics were made mostly by hand ... Some of these ceramics were used in conjunction with or instead of tools made of wood or wicker. Also common was a form of ... The major part of the ceramics were plain and undesigned, however. The larger bowls were mainly used to store food (such as ... History of ceramics, All stub articles, Galicia (Spain) stubs). ...
Along the Tiberina road, at the foot of the old town, yet another church - the Madonna delle Piagge - is clad in ceramic tiles ... There are a number of ruins of very old ceramic kilns throughout Deruta. In addition to housing the usual governmental offices ... Savage, 112-113 Savage, 112-113 Savage,113 Savage,112 Bellaumbria.net Pottery-ceramics Deruta DerutaItaly Lago Trasimeno.co.uk ... Deruta has over 200 ceramic workshops, most of which retail their own goods along with other retail shops which display and ...
Elliott, Gordon (2006). Aspects of Ceramic History: A Series of Papers Focusing on the Ceramic Artifact As Evidence of Cultural ... Stilts are small supports used when firing glazed ceramics to stop the melting glaze from fusing them to each other or the kiln ... "Newbigging Pottery, Musselburgh:Ceramic Resource Disk" (PDF). National Museums Scotland Research Repository. National Museums ... Peel, R.A (April 1965). "Ceramics: Pottery" (PDF). The crafts of Roman Britain (MA). Durham University. pp. 42-44. Retrieved 8 ...
... is a ceramic manufacturing company based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Incorporated in 1997, Shinepukur Ceramics ... "Shinepukur Ceramics to raise Tk80cr in bonds". The Daily Star. Retrieved 13 June 2014. "Shinepukur Ceramics shareholders okay ... "Beximco Pharma, Shinepukur Ceramics get export trophy". Daily Sun. Retrieved 13 June 2014. "Shinepukur wins D&B award". The ... In 2011, Shinepukur Ceramics were awarded the national export trophy by the Export Promotion Bureau for their export ...
American Museum of Ceramic Art. Common Ground: Ceramics in Southern California, 1945-1975. American Museum of Ceramic Art (2013 ... Franciscan Ceramics are ceramic tableware and tile products produced by Gladding, McBean & Co. in Los Angeles, California, US ... 2013) ISBN 978-0-262-51838-3. Gladding, McBean Wedgwood Museum Franciscan Ceramics Archive (Ceramics manufacturers of the ... Major ceramic tile wall murals completed and still in existence include: Jules Stein Eye Institute outpatient clinic at UCLA, ...
The firm was famous for their ironstone ceramics, but Nikko has broadened its output since the 1970s. Western materials such as ... Nikko Company (ニッコー株式会社, Nikkō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese manufacturer of fine ceramics, known for its tableware products ... The resulting pieces are some of the finest quality ceramics in Japan. Nikko tableware collections include the Sensu, Blossom ... ISBN 978-1-4081-5395-6. Japan portal Engineering portal Companies portal Nikko Corporate website (in Japanese) Nikko Ceramics ...
... is a special group of minerals that have ferroelectric properties: the strong dependence of the ... The first widespread ferroelectric ceramics material, which had ferroelectric properties not only in the form of a single ... A significant nonlinearity of capacitance capacitor having ferroelectric ceramics materials, so-called varikondy, types of VC-1 ... ISBN 966-7804-19-4 (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Materials science, Ceramic materials, ...
Marcel Goldscheider went to Stoke-on-Trent and produced figurative ceramics for Myott, and he opened his own studio in the ... Famous artists such as Josef Lorenzl, Stefan Dakon, Ida Meisinger and the two perhaps best known Austrian ceramic artists ( ... It became one of the most influential ceramic manufactories of terracotta, faience and bronze objects in Austria, with ... was an Austrian ceramic manufactory. In 1885, Friedrich Goldscheider came from the Bohemian city of Plzeň to Vienna and founded ...
... is a unique type of Romanian pottery that is traditionally produced by hand around the town of Horezu in ... Craftsmanship of Horezu ceramics on the official UNESCO pages, accessed on December 12th of 2012 Homepage Stelian Ogrezeanu ... Horezu is a singular historical Romanian ceramic center in which this trade remained the main source of income for many ... The women decorate the shaped ceramics before firing with special techniques and tools in order to draw traditional motifs. ...
Burmese ceramics Khmer ceramics Thai ceramics Vietnamese ceramics Laos Cultural Profile (Ministry of Information and Culture/ ... Lao ceramics refers to ceramic art and pottery designed or produced as a form of Lao art. The tradition of Lao ceramics dates ... Pottery and ceramics were an essential part of the trade between Laos and its neighbours. Ceramics were first uncovered in 1970 ... From the examples collected to date, it can be said that Lao ceramics used one kind of clay, with 5% quartz added as a temper. ...
Heath Ceramics website (Use mdy dates from March 2016, 1948 establishments in California, Ceramics manufacturers of the United ... Geoff McFetridge x Heath Ceramics Design in Time: One-of-a-kind clocks premiere at Heath Ceramics Pilar Vilades, Heath Crosses ... Amos Klausner, "The Legacy of Edith Heath and Heath Ceramics" in Heath Ceramics: The Complexity of Simplicity, page 26. Amos ... Amos Klausner, "The Legacy of Edith Heath and Heath Ceramics" in Heath Ceramics: The Complexity of Simplicity, page 39. Amos ...
Explore Mexican ceramics from the museums collection along with related content and resources. ... Mexican ceramics from the 1600s through the 1800s reflect a corresponding blend of artistic influences. Potters combined ... a historic center of the Spanish ceramic industry) sometimes also depict colonizing Europeans, figures in Chinese dress, and ...
... a brand and manufacturer based in the USA and Italy that specialises in ceramic porcelain surface tiles. ... Caesar Ceramics *. Caesar Ceramics latest surfacing collections include wood-like porcelain tiles. Caesar Ceramics has ... Enchant surfacing by Caesar Ceramics USA. Dezeen Showroom: Enchant is a porcelain surfacing collection by Caesar Ceramics USA ... Shapes of Italy surfacing by Caesar Ceramics. Dezeen Showroom: The use of stone in Italian art and architecture informed the ...
Public Comments on Linde Ceramics Plant Documents. How to Submit Comments. Comments on Linde Ceramics Plant Documents can be ... Document Archive for Linde Ceramics Plant. *An Exposure Matrix for Linde Ceramics Plant (including Tonawanda Laboratory) * ... Advisory Board and NIOSH Discussions on Linde Ceramics Plant. The Linde Ceramics Plant discussion papers listed below are ... SC&A Draft: A Review of NIOSHs Program Evaluation Report DCAS-PER-042, "Linde Ceramics Plant TBD Revision" [505 KB (25 pages)] ...
An overview of hardness testing of ceramics is presented. ... An overview of hardness testing of ceramics is presented. ... Quinn, G. (1998), Hardness Testing of Ceramics, Hardness Testing of Ceramics (Accessed September 22, 2023) ...
Ceramics, an international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal. ... Submit to Ceramics Review for Ceramics Journal Menu. ► ▼ ... Composite Ceramics in the Na2O-CaO-SiO2-P2O5 System Obtained from Pastes including Hydroxyapatite and an Aqueous Solution of ... Composite Ceramics in the Na2O-CaO-SiO2-P2O5 System Obtained from Pastes including Hydroxyapatite and an Aqueous Solution of ... Composite Ceramics in the Na2O-CaO-SiO2-P2O5 System Obtained from Pastes including Hydroxyapatite and an Aqueous Solution of ...
Editors of Cool Springs Press (2013), HomeSkills: Ceramic Tile: How to Install Ceramic Tile for Your Floors, Walls, ... Ceramic tile cutters are used to cut tiles to a required size or shape. They come in a number of different forms, from basic ... The ceramic tile cutter works by first scratching a straight line across the surface of the tile with a hardened metal wheel ... The harder grades of ceramic tiles like fully vitrified porcelain tiles, stone tiles, and some clay tiles with textured ...
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Ceramics. Imagine Spider-Woman With a Crochet Hook. Thursday, June 22, 2023 ... "Tess Lukey (BFA, Ceramics), a curator and Aquinnah Wampanoag tribal member, has been named The Trustees of Reservations first ... Sheila Pepe 83 BFA Ceramics was recently profiled by the New York Times in celebration of her newest installation at Madison ... Ceramics faculty and alumnus Paul S. Briggs is a guest speaker on The Potters Cast podcast. ...
Creative Art Drawing And Drafting Movie Making Painting Photography Pottery And Ceramics ... Pottery And Ceramics in Plymouth, MA Find Things to Do Near You ... Most Recent Pottery And Ceramics Articles. Explore Similar ...
... ceramic materials that are derived from common, naturally occurring raw materials such as clay minerals and quartz sand. ... traditional ceramics, ceramic materials that are derived from common, naturally occurring raw materials such as clay minerals ... In fact, so common is the use of silicate minerals that traditional ceramics are often referred to as silicate ceramics, and ... Even in the age of modern advanced ceramics, traditional ceramic products, made in large quantities by efficient, inexpensive ...
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Channel Island Ceramics - listed in Bathrooms businesses in Guernsey ... Channel Island Ceramics. Forest Road. Forest. Guernsey GY8 0AB Channel Island Ceramics in Guernsey is a kitchen, bathroom, ... Channel Island Ceramics are both suppliers and fitters of a wide range of tiles, from porcelain and ceramic tiles indoors from ... Channel Island Ceramics. Channel Island Ceramics - Guernsey. Bathrooms - Kitchens - Tiles Suppliers - Homewares - Furniture ...
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Christies specialist Jody Wilkie provides a guide to the most important manufacturers of British ceramics - and the works ... Many early Minton ceramics are unstamped, but later marks to look out for include the initials M & B, an arrow, or a globe ... Secondly, the ceramic body itself was different. Shipping was costly, so British factories relied heavily on local raw ... It was hugely influenced by French ceramics, most notably in its adoption of the pâte-sur-pâte technique. First introduced by ...
The Tattoo Dog by Portuguese designer Goncalo Campos is a charming ceramic sculpture that pays homage to retro ink imagery. ... 1. Home Decor - The use of retro ink imagery in ceramic sculptures offers a disruptive innovation opportunity for the home ... The Tattoo Dog by Portuguese designer Goncalo Campos is a charming ceramic sculpture that pays homage to retro ink imagery. ...
Overview of the laboratory for high performance ceramics ... Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics Empas Laboratory for ... High Performance Ceramics is involved in the scientific research, development and characterization of advanced ceramics and ... energy research and damage-tolerant ceramics, and results are subsequently published in recognized scientific journals. ...
Ceramics are heavy and challenging to ship-its our top priority to get them delivered to you intact, with minimal ... Any breakage in shipment must be reported to Heath Ceramics within 5 days of receiving the shipment. Please email Customer ...
How to Make a Ceramic Animal Vase, According to Katie Kimmel Every product is independently selected by (obsessive) editors. ... "If you want your vase to look like shiny ceramic piece, you can paint a layer of this glossy Mod Podge over it when youre ... Kimmels ceramic sculptures include everything from smiling cocktail shrimp to vases shaped like dogs or ducks or pigs - and ... Anyone with an interest in crafts that encompasses ceramics has probably seen the whimsical creations of California-based ...
Designed with the look and texture of quarry-mined slate, Imperial Slate ceramic roof tiles are manufactured in an extra-thick ...
Heather Morton is the ceramicist behind Black Phoebe Ceramics. Shes been in love with ceramics since high school and this past ... Black Phoebe Ceramics is located in Little Italy, San Diego inside a shared building with an expansive wood / metal / jewelry ... Today were thrilled to be featuring ceramicist, Black Phoebe Ceramics! These special pieces will be making their way to our LA ... For Heather, its been a very rewarding challenge to focus on custom ceramics. This past year Heather has been creating ...
... - Sep 20, 2006 - Union Process, Inc. ... Metal free with ceramic-lined grinding chamber, mill features zirconium oxide sleeved agitator arms and Halar coated premix/ ... The mill is totally metal-free thanks to a ceramic-lined grinding chamber, zirconium oxide sleeved agitator arms and a coated ( ... recently produced a special laboratory sized Q-2 circulation grinding system ideally suited to processing technical ceramics.. ...
Explore Chinese ceramics in the Philadelphia Museum of Arts collection, featuring various shapes, glazes, and motifs from the ... China has been producing high-quality ceramics for over 1,000 years, with the period between the tenth to fourteenth centuries ...
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An analytical model for estimating shear and bending stresses during canning of cordierite ceramic catalyst supports is ... Shear Strength of Cordierite Ceramic Catalyst Supports 2001-01-0935. An analytical model for estimating shear and bending ... A special test fixture was developed to measure the shear strength of ceramic catalyst supports, with different cell sizes, ... Citation: Gulati∗, S., Leonhard, T., and Roe, T., "Shear Strength of Cordierite Ceramic Catalyst Supports," SAE Technical Paper ...
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  • Heath Ceramics is a B Corp certified American company that designs, manufactures, and retails goods for tabletop and home, and is best known for handcrafted ceramic tableware and architectural tile in distinctive glazes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Founded in Sausalito, California, by Edith Heath (1911-2005) and her husband Brian Heath (1911-2001) in 1948, Heath Ceramics is now owned and run by Catherine Bailey and Robin Petravic, who purchased the company in 2003. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other retailers, such as Neiman Marcus, Marshall Field's, Bullocks, and the City of Paris began to order her tableware, and in 1948 she opened Heath Ceramics in Sausalito. (wikipedia.org)
  • By 1949, Heath Ceramics was producing 100,000 pieces a year. (wikipedia.org)
  • Over the following years, Heath Ceramics continued to sell its ceramics directly and through retailers, and also began to supply restaurants with dinnerware. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2003, designers Robin Petravic, a product design engineer, and Catherine Bailey, an industrial designer, purchased Heath Ceramics from the Brian & Edith Heath Trust. (wikipedia.org)
  • Any breakage in shipment must be reported to Heath Ceramics within 5 days of receiving the shipment. (heathceramics.com)
  • British ceramics factories were fundamentally different from their competitors in continental Europe, says Jody Wilkie, international specialist head of Christie's European Ceramics department. (christies.com)
  • Caesar Ceramics has introduced four new porcelain surfacing collections at VDF products fair , including a range of tiles called Enchant that evoke aged and painted wood. (dezeen.com)
  • Stoneways is a series of pared-back porcelain surface tiles by Caesar Ceramics USA that take cues from rocks and their mineral veins. (dezeen.com)
  • These tin-glazed earthenware vessels, tiles, and other functional items (collectively known as "Talavera" pottery after Talavera de la Reina, a historic center of the Spanish ceramic industry) sometimes also depict colonizing Europeans, figures in Chinese dress, and indigenous Mexicans-underscoring the cross-cultural complexity of the colonial period. (philamuseum.org)
  • Ceramic tile cutters are used to cut tiles to a required size or shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • The harder grades of ceramic tiles like fully vitrified porcelain tiles, stone tiles, and some clay tiles with textured surfaces have to be cut with a diamond blade. (wikipedia.org)
  • Channel Island Ceramics in Guernsey is a kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and home design company, and tiles supplier, providing excellence and quality to domestic and commercial clients locally for forty years. (thebestof.co.uk)
  • Channel Island Ceramics are both suppliers and fitters of a wide range of tiles, from porcelain and ceramic tiles indoors from Italy and Germany, to outdoor tiles in a wide range of natural materials. (thebestof.co.uk)
  • Channel Island Ceramics can also design and fit mosaics in a wide range of colours, sizes and styles, made up of small tiles of glass, marble or stone, to pebble mosaics which come in 30cm x 30cm sheets for a coastal feel. (thebestof.co.uk)
  • Channel Island Ceramics can also offer glass tiles which give a beautiful smooth finish that is so easy to keep clean, in a huge variety of colours and styles. (thebestof.co.uk)
  • Add in other stylish options such as super sized tiles and patio tiling options and it is clear that Channel Island Ceramics should be your first and only stop for all of your tiling needs. (thebestof.co.uk)
  • The couple often brought architectural reminders from their Tuscan farmhouse into their Chelsea home such as the ceramic wall tiles that can be observed in their kitchen. (metropolismag.com)
  • Two Korean ceramic artists-in-residence created work for British Ceramics Biennial, which was exhibited together with Kay Aplin's Pavilion, with Joseph Young's sound work linking the two installations together. (visitbrighton.com)
  • Grinding System processes technical ceramics. (thomasnet.com)
  • Union Process, a manufacturer of grinding and dispersing equipment for a broad range of industrial applications, recently produced a special laboratory sized Q-2 circulation grinding system ideally suited to processing technical ceramics. (thomasnet.com)
  • traditional ceramics , ceramic materials that are derived from common, naturally occurring raw materials such as clay minerals and quartz sand. (britannica.com)
  • Developed in a joint effort between UNICEF and the WSP, these ceramic water filters rely upon porous ceramic (fired clay) to filter microbes or other contaminants from drinking water. (inhabitat.com)
  • The ceramic filters are made from clay mixed with sawdust then fired to burn out the sawdust and leave the pores. (inhabitat.com)
  • BA Ceramic Design embraces and challenges the versatility of clay as a creative and functional material. (arts.ac.uk)
  • Although tungiasis was recognized and documented by Spanish chroniclers shortly after the arrival of Columbus in Central America in 1492 ( 11 ), the South American ancestors of the Incas distinguished this affliction from others and depicted it on clay jars, pottery, and ceramics, called huacos in Peru ( 12 - 14 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Pewter, some glass, ceramic or glazed clay pitchers and dinnerware. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Empa's Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics is involved in the scientific research, development and characterization of advanced ceramics and composites for structural and, increasingly, functional applications. (empa.ch)
  • In the 1980s, Woodman completed an organic transition from functional pottery to transgressive interpretations of the built environment in ceramic. (metropolismag.com)
  • Ceramics found on the coast of the Adriatic attest to a hitherto unknown artistic culture which flourished during the last Ice Age, thousands of years before pottery was commonly used. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Evidence of a community of prehistoric artists and craftspeople who "invented" ceramics during the last Ice Age - thousands of years before pottery became commonplace - has been found in modern-day Croatia. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The study, which is published in the journal PLoS ONE , adds to a rapidly-changing set of views about when humans first developed the ability to make ceramics and pottery. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Ceramic technology continues to evolve, and new materials based on nonoxide ceramics, composites of existing ceramics, and surface modifications will offer more options to the arthroplasty surgeon. (medscape.com)
  • However, the fabrication of Ag-based antibacterial ceramics with low Ag content, high dispersion, and high exposure still faces challenges. (bvsalud.org)
  • A survey of data in the NIST Structural Ceramics Database indicates that relative combined standard uncertainties in the range of 5 % to 15 % are not unusual for fracture toughness measurements. (nist.gov)
  • Bearings made of ceramics (eg, alumina [aluminum oxide] and zirconia [zirconium oxide]) have been shown to possess extremely low wear properties that make them suitable for both THA and TKA. (medscape.com)
  • Prosthetic hip implants with ceramic-on-ceramic alumina bearing couple (left) and metal-on-polyethylene bearing couple (right). (medscape.com)
  • The hip replacement system is an alumina ceramic artificial hip replacement system that can be surgically implanted to completely replace a diseased or damaged hip joint. (medscape.com)
  • This past year Heather has been creating handmade dishware for restaurants, architectural ceramics for interior designers, and custom planters for local botanical design firms. (renegadecraft.com)
  • THE CERAMIC HOUSE is the creation of architectural ceramicist Kay Aplin , who has transformed her home into a living work of art and created a permanent showcase of her ceramic installations. (visitbrighton.com)
  • Kay moved to Brighton in 2008 and upon discovering Artists Open Houses, decided to turn her house into a showcase of her architectural ceramics practice as she states, "As a public artist, most people can only ever view my site-specific work in photographic form, as it tends to be sited in faraway places. (visitbrighton.com)
  • In 2021, our tenth anniversary fittingly coincided with the most ambitious Ceramic House project to date. (visitbrighton.com)
  • Metal free with ceramic-lined grinding chamber, mill features zirconium oxide sleeved agitator arms and Halar coated premix/holding tank. (thomasnet.com)
  • The search for the ideal total joint bearing has led to the development of ceramic bearings. (medscape.com)
  • Alongside textile production, the manufacture of ceramics played a key role in the Industrial Revolution. (christies.com)
  • For example, machinists in both ceramics and nuclear weapons manufacture have been found to have an increased risk of developing sensitization. (cdc.gov)
  • Anyone with an interest in crafts that encompasses ceramics has probably seen the whimsical creations of California-based ceramicist and artist Katie Kimmel, which look like a kindergartener's candy-fueled dreams come to life (she's also well known for her food-themed line of T-shirts that feature letters spelling out things like "linguine and clams," "lava cake," and "chicken parm. (nymag.com)
  • Today we're thrilled to be featuring ceramicist, Black Phoebe Ceramics ! (renegadecraft.com)
  • Heather Morton is the ceramicist behind Black Phoebe Ceramics. (renegadecraft.com)
  • Simple glass cutter used to cut ceramic tile. (wikipedia.org)
  • Raise a glass, I mean a slug, and a make a toast with this cool Jabba the Hut 20oz Sculpted Ceramic Mug. (geekalerts.com)
  • In this work , an innovative method was proposed to doping Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) into glass ceramics (GC) via a "melt-freeze" method , then efficient and stable Ag-doped antibacterial ceramics (GC-xAg@BiOCl) were fabricated through facile in-situ HCl etching GC. (bvsalud.org)
  • Channel Island Ceramics is also a great place for gift shopping, just visit their showroom to see their range. (thebestof.co.uk)
  • Kimmel's ceramic sculptures include everything from smiling cocktail shrimp to vases shaped like dogs or ducks or pigs - and she makes all of them by hand, without large equipment like wheels often used to make ceramics. (nymag.com)
  • Mexican ceramics from the 1600s through the 1800s reflect a corresponding blend of artistic influences. (philamuseum.org)
  • As well as being the first and only evidence of ceramic, figurative art in south-eastern Europe during the Upper Palaeolithic, the collection's size, range and complexity suggests that Vela Spila was the heart of a flourishing and distinctive artistic tradition. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The Ceramic House produces an ongoing programme of artistic projects which are ambitious and international in scope. (visitbrighton.com)
  • We partner with museums, galleries, universities and international residencies to create exhibitions, installations, publications, films and performance events which extend our reach beyond The Ceramic House and out towards the wider international artistic community. (visitbrighton.com)
  • Bi2Sr2Co1.8O x and Bi2Ca2Co1.7O x , nominal composition ceramics, have been successfully textured using the LFZ method [3] and [4]. (materialstoday.com)
  • There are 3 active factories in Cambodia today producing 5500 ceramic water filters per month, which have been tested to reduce E.coli by 99.99 percent. (inhabitat.com)
  • We have through a collaboration between Sweden - USA -Greece developed a method to isolate and identify small fragments of ancient DNA trapped inside the ceramic matrix of underwater amphoras. (lu.se)
  • This article describes the basic characteristics of the raw materials commonly used in traditional ceramics , and it surveys the general processes that are followed in the fabrication of most traditional ceramic objects. (britannica.com)
  • The advanced ceramic phases produced in this simple treatment are homogeneously distributed at the nanostructure level, and may potentially lead to cost effective manufacturing processes. (cdc.gov)
  • The same year, the first artists-in-residence programme was hosted by The Ceramic House for ceramic artists collaborating with sound artists. (visitbrighton.com)
  • This course is part of the Product, Ceramic and Industrial Design programme. (arts.ac.uk)
  • The superior wear characteristics of ceramic materials have been verified in many clinical and experimental studies. (medscape.com)
  • The large slab, 6 mm in thickness, combines technical strength and aesthetic superiority in a size which beautifully presents the unpredictable textures of the ceramic marble surfaces. (archdaily.com)
  • When compared to the most commonly used bearing couple in joint arthroplasty, which consists of cobalt-chrome (CoCr) metal alloy articulating against UHMWPE (see the image below), ceramic surfaces offer significant reductions in bearing wear rates. (medscape.com)
  • On the other hand, new improvements on the performance of these thermoelectric ceramics have been obtained using an electrically assisted laser floating zone (EALFZ) technique [5] in collaboration with other groups. (materialstoday.com)
  • In 2016, Kay joined forces with sound artist Joseph Young to develop an ongoing collaboration working across the media of sound art and ceramic practice. (visitbrighton.com)
  • Collaboration within the ceramics profession is at the heart of the course. (arts.ac.uk)
  • A range of ceramic nuts, bolts, and washers handle applications where high temperature, high voltages, magnetism, or harsh conditions limit or prohibit the use of other materials. (machinedesign.com)
  • Nowadays, research effort is being focused on ceramic materials with relatively high thermoelectric performances which can work at higher temperatures than the intermetallic ones. (materialstoday.com)
  • We are starting to see that several distinct Palaeolithic societies made art from ceramic materials long before the Neolithic era, when ceramics became more common. (cam.ac.uk)
  • [ 3 , 4 ] Ceramics will continue to be developed for clinical use as the underlying engineering and material science principles of new materials are validated and as clinical data demonstrate their safety and reliability in vivo. (medscape.com)
  • Recently, the International Water Association (IWA) awarded UNICEF and the Water and Sanitation Program with the 2008 Project Innovation Award Grand Prize for providing Cambodia with ceramic water filters. (inhabitat.com)
  • UNICEF and WSP do not provide or promote ceramic water filters in Cambodia at all. (inhabitat.com)
  • It is also a pop-up gallery, an artists residency, a unique guesthouse and a project space investigating the intersections between ceramic and sound art practice. (visitbrighton.com)
  • This addresses ethical and sustainable studio practice, meaningful public engagement and the need for ceramics education. (arts.ac.uk)
  • Although the number of subjects is small, these results suggest that the dominant route of exposure for case 1 was inhalation of dioxins volatilized during tiring of ceramic pieces in the unvented kilns in the basement of their home. (goshen.edu)
  • At the time, Betty had established a name in ceramics through her utilitarian vessels, reliefs, and installations. (metropolismag.com)
  • Channel Island Ceramics deliver on the comfort and style you will want for the bedroom, in either solid timber or high gloss lacquer finish. (thebestof.co.uk)
  • Special emphasis is placed on "high risk" projects in the areas of nanostructuring, energy research and damage-tolerant ceramics, and results are subsequently published in recognized scientific journals. (empa.ch)
  • China has been producing high-quality ceramics for over 1,000 years, with the period between the tenth to fourteenth centuries considered the most significant due to the wide range of shapes, glazes, and decorative motifs that were produced. (philamuseum.org)
  • She's been in love with ceramics since high school and this past year, she finally took the leap from assisting to establishing her very own studio, and is now a full time artist. (renegadecraft.com)
  • Some of these ceramics are based on Co-oxides, with a high Seebeck coefficient and low electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity. (materialstoday.com)
  • BA Ceramic Design is delivered by a team of high-profile practitioners and specialist technicians. (arts.ac.uk)
  • When rats and hamsters were chronically exposed to was found to decrease with lung burden and with fiber refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) at high concentrations length. (cdc.gov)
  • Efficient self-cleaning and antibacterial ceramics with ultra-low doping and high exposure of silver. (bvsalud.org)
  • The first ceramic finds were made back in 2001. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The ceramics were clearly made with care and attention by real craftspeople who knew what they were doing. (cam.ac.uk)
  • It's made of ceramic, so it should be durable. (geekalerts.com)
  • Made in Korea in 2017 was the first time an exhibition at The Ceramic House toured to a commercial gallery, Sladmore Contemporary in Mayfair. (visitbrighton.com)
  • Their report, published this week, suggests that although earlier ceramic remnants have been found elsewhere, they had no connection with the site, where the ability to make these artefacts appears to have been independently rediscovered by the people who lived there. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Broadly, the collection belongs to a material culture known as "Epigravettian" which spanned 12,000 years, but radiocarbon dating has allowed scholars to pin down the Vela Spila ceramic collection to a much narrower period, between 17,500 and 15,000 years ago. (cam.ac.uk)
  • You will examine the potential of ceramics to progress into other visual languages, critical discourses and a wide range of professional opportunities. (arts.ac.uk)
  • The ceramic tile cutter works by first scratching a straight line across the surface of the tile with a hardened metal wheel and then applying pressure directly below the line and on each side of the line on top. (wikipedia.org)
  • Black Phoebe Ceramics is located in Little Italy, San Diego inside a shared building with an expansive wood / metal / jewelry shop. (renegadecraft.com)
  • Ceramic bearings were first employed as alternatives to polyethylene (PE) bearings in total joint arthroplasty about a decade after Sir John Charnley introduced the first durable total hip arthroplasty (THA) with a metal-PE articulation. (medscape.com)
  • Anyone working with or around beryllium metal, ceramics, alloys, or salts is at risk of developing beryllium sensitization or disease from inhaling small particles. (cdc.gov)
  • The U.S. Bureau of Mines investigated the synthesis of advanced ceramics (SiC+AIN, SiAION, SiC+Al2O3, and Si3N4+AIN) from natural clays (kaolin, halloysite, or montmorillonite) by an intercalation and heat treatment method. (cdc.gov)
  • Meet is a porcelain surface collection with a wood-like finish, developed by Caesar Ceramics to suit both contemporary and classical interiors. (dezeen.com)
  • The use of stone in Italian art and architecture informed the Shapes of Italy porcelain surface tile collection by Caesar Ceramics . (dezeen.com)
  • An exhibition of Chinese ceramics was followed by a virtual residency for Hong Kong ceramic artists collaborating with UK sound artists to create work for Quex House in response to the colonial-era collection in the Powell Cotton Museum. (visitbrighton.com)
  • Their bespoke storage solutions and wardrobes should also impress as Channel Island Ceramics designers can come to your home to design for the best use of space and their experienced fitters will create for you exactly what is designed. (thebestof.co.uk)
  • BA Ceramic Design is a unique, specialist design course. (arts.ac.uk)
  • BA Ceramic Design at Central Saint Martins is one of only two single honours ceramics courses in the country. (arts.ac.uk)
  • BA Ceramic Design aims to send its students out into the world as confident and critically aware designers, artists and makers. (arts.ac.uk)
  • We are committed to developing ethical ceramic design practices. (arts.ac.uk)
  • BA Ceramic Design is designed to help your creative and professional development. (arts.ac.uk)
  • In 2015, Dark Light, an exhibition of black and white ceramics brought ten ceramists together from five continents. (visitbrighton.com)
  • All Atomic Weapons Employees who worked at the Linde Ceramics Plant in Tonawanda, New York, from January 1, 1954 through December 31, 1969, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment, or in combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of employees in the Special Exposure Cohort. (cdc.gov)
  • Channel Island Ceramics has ranges from classic through to ultra modern and contemporary that can provide you with your dream kitchen. (thebestof.co.uk)
  • From the classical English stylings of the Neptune range, to renowned contemporary SieMatic and Beckerman, to French Mobalpa, and their large range of European, American and Japanese style appliances, Channel Island Ceramics have something to suit every taste and budget. (thebestof.co.uk)
  • From this survey the reader can proceed to more detailed articles on the individual types of ceramic products, links to which are provided at the end of this article. (britannica.com)
  • An overview of hardness testing of ceramics is presented. (nist.gov)
  • A special test fixture was developed to measure the shear strength of ceramic catalyst supports, with different cell sizes, before and after the application of washcoat. (sae.org)
  • Aim: To evaluate the influence of staining diet solutions at different periods of immersion in the color stability of dental ceramics submitted to different surface treatments (glaze and polishing). (bvsalud.org)
  • Our analyses have so far identified both olive and grape DNA, but also spices which may have used to flavor liquids and food products carried inside the ceramic containers. (lu.se)
  • It is extremely unusual to find ceramic art this early in prehistory," Dr. Preston Miracle, from the University of Cambridge, said. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Initially they were almost overlooked, because it is so unusual to find ceramic in the Upper Palaeolithic record. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Their ceramic art flourished for about 2,500 years, but then disappeared. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Although the finds bear some similarities with ceramics discovered in the Czech Republic, which date back a further 10,000 years, there are enough structural and stylistic differences - as well as separation by a huge gulf in time - to suggest no continuity between the two. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Coeditor of Symposium on Point Defects and Related Properties of Ceramics and others. (britannica.com)
  • Silver (Ag)-based antibacterial ceramics have emerged as a prominent solution for daily antibacterial applications, aiming to minimize the reliance on disinfectants while safeguarding human health . (bvsalud.org)