Cephalosporin resistance. Medical search

Non-susceptibility of an organism to the action of the cephalosporins.

A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus ACREMONIUM. They contain the beta-lactam moiety thia-azabicyclo-octenecarboxylic acid also called 7-aminocephalosporanic acid.

Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

Enzymes found in many bacteria which catalyze the hydrolysis of the amide bond in the beta-lactam ring. Well known antibiotics destroyed by these enzymes are penicillins and cephalosporins.

Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.

Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of the beta-lactam antibiotics. Mechanisms responsible for beta-lactam resistance may be degradation of antibiotics by BETA-LACTAMASES, failure of antibiotics to penetrate, or low-affinity binding of antibiotics to targets.

The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

Bacterial proteins that share the property of binding irreversibly to PENICILLINS and other ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS derived from LACTAMS. The penicillin-binding proteins are primarily enzymes involved in CELL WALL biosynthesis including MURAMOYLPENTAPEPTIDE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; PEPTIDE SYNTHASES; TRANSPEPTIDASES; and HEXOSYLTRANSFERASES.

A mitosporic fungal genus with many reported ascomycetous teleomorphs. Cephalosporin antibiotics are derived from this genus.

Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.

A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens and the human intestinal tract. Most strains are nonhemolytic.

The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.

A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.

A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.

A cephalosporin antibiotic.

A cephalosporin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It is active against most common gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, is a potent inhibitor of Enterobacteriaceae, and is highly resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases. The drug has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.

A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic which can be administered intravenously or by suppository. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It has few side effects and is reported to be safe and effective in aged patients and in patients with hematologic disorders.

Resistance or diminished response of a neoplasm to an antineoplastic agent in humans, animals, or cell or tissue cultures.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

An enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of penicillin to penicin and a carboxylic acid anion. EC 3.5.1.11.

The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

Simultaneous resistance to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs.

A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.

A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.

Nonsusceptibility of an organism to the action of penicillins.

A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases.

A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065)

Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.

The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.

Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial derived from CEPHALORIDINE and used especially for Pseudomonas and other gram-negative infections in debilitated patients.

Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.

The force that opposes the flow of BLOOD through a vascular bed. It is equal to the difference in BLOOD PRESSURE across the vascular bed divided by the CARDIAC OUTPUT.

Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.

The ability of viruses to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents or antiviral agents. This resistance is acquired through gene mutation.

Bacteria which lose crystal violet stain but are stained pink when treated by Gram's method.

Gram-negative gas-producing rods found in feces of humans and other animals, sewage, soil, water, and dairy products.

A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.

Bacteria which retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.

A beta-lactamase preferentially cleaving penicillins. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 3.5.2.-.

A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.

One of the CEPHALOSPORINS that has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

Enzyme which catalyzes the peptide cross-linking of nascent CELL WALL; PEPTIDOGLYCAN.

In vitro activities of cephalosporins and quinolones against Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic dairy calves. (1/261)

The in vitro activities of several cephalosporins and quinolones against 195 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from diary calves affected by neonatal diarrhea were determined. One hundred thirty-seven of these strains produced one or more potential virulence factors (F5, F41, F17, cytotoxic necrotizing factor, verotoxin, and the eae gene), but the remaining 58 strains did not produce any of these factors. From 11 to 18% of the E. coli strains were resistant to cephalothin, nalidixic acid, enoxacin, and enrofloxacin. However, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, and cefquinome were highly effective against the E. coli isolates tested. Some significant differences (P < 0.05) in resistance to quinolones between the strains producing potential virulence factors and nonfimbriated, nontoxigenic, eae-negative strains were found. Thus, eae-positive, necrotoxigenic, and verotoxigenic (except for nalidixic acid) E. coli strains were significantly more sensitive to nalidixic acid, enoxacin, and enrofloxacin than nonfimbriated, nontoxigenic, eae-negative strains. Moreover, eae-positive strains were significantly more sensitive to enoxacin and enrofloxacin than F5-positive strains. Thus, the result of this study suggest that the bovine E. coli strains that produce some potential virulence factors are more sensitive to quinolones than those that do not express these factors. (+info)

Use of an oxacillin disk screening test for detection of penicillin- and ceftriaxone-resistant pneumococci. (2/261)

In a context of worldwide emergence of resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, early detection of strains with decreased susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics is important for clinicians. If the 1-microgram oxacillin disk diffusion test is used as described by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, no interpretation is available for strains showing zone sizes of /=2.0 microgram/ml) to penicillin. For ceftriaxone, among 98 strains with no zone of inhibition in response to oxacillin, 68 had intermediate resistance (MIC, 1.0 microgram/ml), and 22 were resistant (MIC, >/=2.0 microgram/ml). To optimize the use of the disk diffusion method, we propose that the absence of a zone of inhibition around the 1-microgram oxacillin disk be regarded as an indicator of nonsusceptibility to penicillin and ceftriaxone and recommend that such strains be reported as nonsusceptible to these antimicrobial agents, pending the results of a MIC quantitation method. (+info)

Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin for the treatment of experimental penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. (3/261)

With the emergence of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance among strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, vancomycin has assumed an important role in the treatment of bacterial meningitis. Using the rabbit meningitis model, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vancomycin in this setting. Animals were given 80 mg/kg of body weight daily in two or four divided doses to determine the penetration and activity of vancomycin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); each regimen was administered with and without dexamethasone. Mean peak (2 h) concentrations in CSF that were four- to eightfold higher than the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC; 0.5 microgram/ml) for the pathogen were adequate for bacterial clearance. In both groups concentrations in CSF remained higher than the MBC for greater than 80% of the respective dosing intervals, and the penetration of vancomycin into CSF was 20%. Mean concentrations in CSF at 24 to 36 h of therapy were lower than those achieved during the first 12 h, consistent with a decline in the level of antibiotic entry into CSF as inflammation wanes. Rates of bacterial clearance were similar for the two regimens, and for all animals cultures of CSF were sterile by 36 h. The coadministration of dexamethasone significantly reduced the penetration of vancomycin into CSF by 29% and significantly lowered the rate of bacterial clearance during the first 6 h in animals receiving 20-mg/kg doses of vancomycin. For animals receiving 40-mg/kg doses, therapeutic peak concentrations in CSF were obtained even with steroid use, suggesting that the effect of steroids may be circumvented by the use of larger daily doses of vancomycin. (+info)

Molecular basis of AmpC hyperproduction in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. (4/261)

DNA sequencing data showed that five clinical isolates of Escherichia coli with reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime contain an ampC gene that is preceded by a strong promoter. Transcription from the strong promoter was 8- to 18-fold higher than that from the promoter from a susceptible isolate. RNA studies showed that mRNA stability does not play a role in the control of AmpC synthesis. (+info)

In vitro activities of the potent, broad-spectrum carbapenem MK-0826 (L-749,345) against broad-spectrum beta-lactamase-and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli clinical isolates. (5/261)

An important mechanism of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is inactivation by beta-lactam-hydrolyzing enzymes (beta-lactamases). The evolution of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) is associated with extensive use of beta-lactam antibiotics, particularly cephalosporins, and is a serious threat to therapeutic efficacy. ESBLs and broad-spectrum beta-lactamases (BDSBLs) are plasmid-mediated class A enzymes produced by gram-negative pathogens, principally Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. MK-0826 was highly potent against all ESBL- and BDSBL-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli clinical isolates tested (MIC range, 0.008 to 0.12 microgram/ml). In E. coli, this activity was associated with high-affinity binding to penicillin-binding proteins 2 and 3. When the inoculum level was increased 10-fold, increasing the amount of beta-lactamase present, the MK-0826 MIC range increased to 0.008 to 1 microgram/ml. By comparison, similar observations were made with meropenem while imipenem MICs were usually less affected. Not surprisingly, MIC increases with noncarbapenem beta-lactams were generally substantially greater, resulting in resistance in many cases. E. coli strains that produce chromosomal (Bush group 1) beta-lactamase served as controls. All three carbapenems were subject to an inoculum effect with the majority of the BDSBL- and ESBL-producers but not the Bush group 1 strains, implying some effect of the plasmid-borne enzymes on potency. Importantly, MK-0826 MICs remained at or below 1 microgram/ml under all test conditions. (+info)

Carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli associated with plasmid-determined CMY-4 beta-lactamase production and loss of an outer membrane protein. (6/261)

Three cefoxitin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from stool specimens of a patient with leukemia were either resistant, intermediate, or sensitive to imipenem. Conjugation experiments showed that cefoxitin resistance, but not imipenem resistance, was transferable. All isolates were shown by isoelectric focusing to produce two beta-lactamases with isoelectric points of 5.4 (TEM-1, confirmed by sequencing of a PCR product) and >8.5 (consistent with a class C beta-lactamase). The gene coding for the unknown beta-lactamase was cloned and sequenced and revealed an enzyme which had 99.9% sequence identity with the plasmid-determined class C beta-lactamase CMY-2. The cloned beta-lactamase gene differed from blaCMY-2 at one nucleotide position that resulted in an amino acid change, tryptophan to arginine at position 221. We propose that this enzyme be designated CMY-4. Both the imipenem-resistant and -intermediate isolates lacked a 38-kDa outer membrane protein (OMP) that was present in the imipenem-sensitive isolate. The lack of an OMP alone did not explain the difference in carbapenem susceptibilities observed. However, measurement of beta-lactamase activities (including measurements under conditions where TEM-1 beta-lactamase was inhibited) indicated that the imipenem-intermediate isolate expressed six- to eightfold less beta-lactamase than did the other isolates. This study illustrates that carbapenem resistance in E. coli can arise from high-level expression of plasmid-mediated class C beta-lactamase combined with an OMP deficiency. Furthermore, in the presence of an OMP deficiency, the level of expression of a plasmid-mediated class C beta-lactamase is an important factor in determining whether E. coli isolates are fully resistant to carbapenems. (+info)

Diversity of substitutions within or adjacent to conserved amino acid motifs of penicillin-binding protein 2X in cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. (7/261)

The sequence of an approximately 1.1-kb DNA fragment of the pbp2x gene, which encodes the transpeptidase domain, was determined for 35 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae for which the cefotaxime (CTX) MICs varied. Strains with substitutions within a conserved amino acid motif changing STMK to SAFK and a Leu-to-Val change just before the KSG motif were highly resistant to CTX (MIC, >==2 microgram/ml). Strains with substitutions adjacent to SSN or KSG motifs had low-level resistance. The amino acid substitutions were plotted on the three-dimensional crystallographic structure of the transpeptidase domain of PBP2X. Transformants containing pbp2x from strains with high-level CTX resistance increased the CTX MIC from 0. 016 microgram/ml to 0.5 to 1.0 microgram/ml. (+info)

Efficacy of beta-lactam and inhibitor combinations in a diffusion chamber model in rabbits. (8/261)

Using a diffusion chamber in rabbits, we evaluated therapy with the combination of ceftriaxone plus the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam in comparison with ceftriaxone alone. One sensitive and one resistant strain of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were inoculated into one of the six diffusion chambers, implanted in the same animal. In order to simulate pharmacokinetics in humans, both substances were administered in decreasing doses. Ceftriaxone was given 0, 2, 4 and 6 h after infection in dosages of 45, 35, 25 and 15 mg/kg of body weight, while tazobactam was administered either in one dose at 0 h, or divided into two doses at 0 and 1 h or 0 and 4 h, or divided into three doses at 0, 1 and 4 h after infection. The ratio of ceftriaxone:tazobactam was fixed at 8:1. Ceftriaxone, in combination with tazobactam, given in one dose immediately after infection showed a significant reduction in bacterial count. All other combinations of ceftriaxone and tazobactam did not differ from ceftriaxone in monotherapy. Co-administration of the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam significantly enhanced the activity of ceftriaxone against all three tested species. (+info)

Previous article'Etiology' Next article 'Esophageal Cancer'

Some common examples of gram-positive bacterial infections include:

1. Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections: These are infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which is a type of gram-positive bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics.
2. Streptococcal infections: These are infections caused by streptococcus bacteria, such as strep throat and cellulitis.
3. Pneumococcal infections: These are infections caused by pneumococcus bacteria, such as pneumonia.
4. Enterococcal infections: These are infections caused by enterococcus bacteria, such as urinary tract infections and endocarditis.
5. Candidiasis: This is a type of fungal infection caused by candida, which is a type of gram-positive fungus.

Gram-positive bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics, such as penicillin and ampicillin, but the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has made the treatment of these infections more challenging. In some cases, gram-positive bacterial infections may require more aggressive treatment, such as combination therapy with multiple antibiotics or the use of antifungal medications.

Overall, gram-positive bacterial infections can be serious and potentially life-threatening, so it is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time.

1. Innate immunity: This is the body's first line of defense against infection, and it involves the recognition and elimination of pathogens by cells and proteins that are present from birth.
2. Acquired immunity: This type of immunity develops over time as a result of exposure to pathogens, and it involves the production of antibodies and other immune cells that can recognize and eliminate specific pathogens.
3. Cell-mediated immunity: This is a type of immunity that involves the activation of immune cells, such as T cells and macrophages, to fight off infection.
4. Genetic resistance: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to disease resistance, which can be influenced by their ancestry or genetic makeup.
5. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as sunlight, clean water, and good nutrition, can also contribute to disease resistance.

Disease resistance is an important concept in the medical field, as it helps to protect against infectious diseases and can reduce the risk of illness and death. Understanding how disease resistance works can help healthcare professionals develop effective strategies for preventing and treating infections, and it can also inform public health policies and interventions aimed at reducing the burden of infectious diseases on individuals and communities.

Some common examples of bacterial infections include:

1. Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
2. Respiratory infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis
3. Skin infections such as cellulitis and abscesses
4. Bone and joint infections such as osteomyelitis
5. Infected wounds or burns
6. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia and gonorrhea
7. Food poisoning caused by bacteria such as salmonella and E. coli.

In severe cases, bacterial infections can lead to life-threatening complications such as sepsis or blood poisoning. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time. Proper diagnosis and treatment can help prevent these complications and ensure a full recovery.

Resistance to cephalosporin antibiotics can involve either reduced affinity of existing PBP components or the acquisition of a ... The first cephalosporins were designated first-generation cephalosporins, whereas, later, more extended-spectrum cephalosporins ... "cephalosporin". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. "cephalosporin - definition of cephalosporin in English from the Oxford dictionary ... "Cephalosporin spectrum of resistance". Retrieved 1 July 2012. Sutaria, Dhruvitkumar S.; Moya, Bartolome; Green, Kari B.; Kim, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalosporin

During exposure to cephalosporins the bacteria can form resistance by itself or as selection of the next generation of bacteria ... Bacterial resistance to the cephalosporin compounds can take place by three mechanisms. Modifications in target PBP Drug ... The cephalosporin class is very extensive so a good classification system is necessary to distinguish different cephalosporins ... First generation cephalosporins were the first cephalosporins on the market. They have good antimicrobial activity against gram ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_development_of_cephalosporins

For example, bacterial resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillin and cephalosporins) can be circumvented ... Tolerance and Resistance Cosmetics Database HCMV drug resistance mutations tool Combating Drug Resistance - An informative ... resistance has evolved. Antimicrobial resistance and antineoplastic resistance challenge clinical care and drive research. When ... BURDEN of Resistance and Disease in European Nations-An EU project to estimate the financial burden of antibiotic resistance in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_resistance

... is a fourth-generation cephalosporin. Trade names include Cefrom, Keiten, Broact, and Cefir. Cefpirome is considered ... and pneumococci have developed resistance to it to varying degrees. "Cefpirome Sulfate spectrum of bacterial susceptibility and ... Cephalosporin antibiotics, Thiazoles, Ketoximes, All stub articles, Antibiotic stubs). ... Resistance" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2012. v t e (Articles with changed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefpirome

ISBN 978-0-08-058375-4. "Cefozopran Susceptibility and Resistance Data" (PDF). Retrieved 23 July 2013. v t e (Articles with ... Cefozopran (INN) is a fourth-generation cephalosporin. Most of the strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia have developed ... Cephalosporin antibiotics, Thiadiazoles, Ketoximes, All stub articles, Antibiotic stubs). ... resistance toward cefozopran. Chang XM (December 1996). "Chapter 34: Market to Market". In Bristol JA (ed.). Annual Reports in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefozopran

"Inducible β-lactamase-mediated resistance to third-generation cephalosporins". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 3 (s1): s7- ... but this is complicated by their inducible resistance mechanisms, particularly lactamase, which means that they quickly become ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klebsiella_aerogenes

Bacterial resistance occurs as a result of the expression of one of many genes for the production of β-lactamases, a class of ... Flynn EH (1972). Cephalosporins and Penicillins : Chemistry and Biology. New York and London: Academic Press. Hosseyni S, ... β-lactam derived antibiotics can be considered one of the most important antibiotic classes but prone to clinical resistance. β ... ISBN 978-0-582-01421-3. Fisher, J. F.; Meroueh, S. O.; Mobashery, S. (2005). "Bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-lactam

Petri (2011). "Penicillins, Cephalosporins, and Other Beta-Lactam Antibiotics". In Brunton L, Chabner B, Knollman B (eds.). ... Delcour AH (May 2009). "Outer membrane permeability and antibiotic resistance". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins ... It can be made less effective by other antibiotic, such as chloramphenicol, erythromycin, cephalosporins, and tetracyclines. ... Ampicillin use for this purpose had declined as bacterial resistance has increased. Mastitis in sows Mixed aerobic-anaerobic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampicillin

Barry PM, Klausner JD (March 2009). "The use of cephalosporins for gonorrhea: The impending problem of resistance". Expert Opin ... and fluoroquinolones are no longer recommended because of high rates of resistance. Resistance to cefixime has reached a level ... Resistance has developed to many previously used antibiotics and higher doses of ceftriaxone are occasionally required. ... High-level resistance to previously recommended quinolones is widespread and decreased susceptibility to the extended-spectrum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorrhea

Cephalosporins, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, or a fluoroquinolone may also be used. However, antibiotic resistance to ... Resistance to many of the antibiotics used to treat this condition is increasing. In complicated cases, a longer course or ... The increased resistance of urinary pathogens to quinolone antibiotics has been reported worldwide and might be the consequence ... Increasing antibiotic resistance is causing concern about the future of treating those with complicated and recurrent UTI. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_tract_infection

Cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin from the β-Lactam antibiotic class.[more detail needed] Imipenem (a carbapenem) is ... Furthermore, the same bacterial strain, isolated from the patient, induced obesity and insulin resistance in germfree C57BL/6J ... Treatment is dependent on local trends of antibiotic resistance. Enterobacter huaxiensis and Enterobacter chuandaensis are two ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterobacter

Antibiotic resistance Drug resistance Multiple drug resistance Cerceo, Elizabeth; Deitelzweig, Steven B.; Sherman, Bradley M.; ... These include cephalosporins, ceftobiprole, ceftarolin and FR-264205. The lack of newly emerging antimicobrial drugs have ... Multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDRGN bacteria) are a type of Gram-negative bacteria with resistance to multiple ... Microbial Drug Resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.). 22 (5): 412-431. doi:10.1089/mdr.2015.0220. ISSN 1931-8448. PMID 26866778. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multidrug-resistant_Gram-negative_bacteria

It has shown resistance to gentamicin. Treatment is recommended for a minimum of three weeks. Hospitalization is required in ... Third-generation cephalosporins are often given prior to diagnosis because they cover a broad range of Gram-negative bacteria. ... C. canimorsus cells also show resistance to killing by complement and killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNMs). C. ... C. canimorsus is susceptible to ampicillin, third-generation cephalosporins, tetracyclines, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capnocytophaga_canimorsus

"Cefprozil Susceptibility and Resistance Data" (PDF). Retrieved 23 July 2013. DE 3402642, Hoshi H, et al., issued 1984, assigned ... Semisynthetic oral cephalosporin consisting of ~90:10 Z/E isomeric mixture. "Cefzil (cefprozil) dosing, indications, ... Although there is a widely quoted cross-allergy risk of 10% between cephalosporins and penicillin, research has shown no ... Cefprozil is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Originally discovered in 1983, and approved in 1992, it was sold ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefprozil

In the 1980s the antibiotic class of cephalosporins was introduced, further increasing bacterial resistance. During this decade ... Be SMART with Resistance, Biomerieux, Intern. Newsletter October 2013, 8 pp Newland, Jason; Adam Hersh (2010). "Purpose and ... The CDC's NHSN has been monitoring antimicrobial use and resistance in hospitals that volunteer to provide data. On September ... Antibiotic resistance Broad vs narrow-spectrum antibiotics "Industry Glossary". Animal Antibiotics. Retrieved 2018-06-08. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_stewardship

Typhoid is treated with antibiotics such as azithromycin, fluoroquinolones, or third-generation cephalosporins. Resistance to ... Resistance to chloramphenicol became frequent in Southeast Asia by the 1950s, and today chloramphenicol is only used as a last ... Where resistance is uncommon, the treatment of choice is a fluoroquinolone such as ciprofloxacin. Otherwise, a third-generation ... Ciprofloxacin resistance is an increasing problem, especially in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Many centres are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

ESBL enzymes can hydrolyze all beta-lactam antibiotics, including cephalosporins, except for the carpabepenems. The first ... Multiple resistance genes are commonly arranged in the resistance cassettes. The antibiotic resistance genes found on the ... Plasmid-mediated resistance is the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes which are carried on plasmids. The plasmids can be ... It is very common for the resistance genes or entire resistance cassettes to be re-arranged on the same plasmid or be moved to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmid-mediated_resistance

Resistance to macrolides, rifampicin, and clindamycin is often present. Ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporin ... and they readily spread it via sexual contact to other adults who also had limited or no resistance, causing deformity and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis

Centers with significant gentamicin resistance patterns should consider amikacin in place of gentamicin. The use of oral ... Ampicillin plus an expanded-spectrum cephalosporin (eg, cefotaxime [where available], ceftazidime, or cefepime) plus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridial_necrotizing_enteritis

... freundii strains have inducible ampC genes encoding resistance to ampicillin and first-generation cephalosporins. ... In addition, isolates of Citrobacter may be resistant to many other antibiotics as a result of plasmid-encoded resistance genes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrobacter

Although fourth-generation cephalosporin resistance is very rare, they are active against bacteria carrying the AmpC-type β- ... Avoid human drug resistance to fourth-generation cephalosporins by authorizing extra-label prohibition. Broad-spectrum fourth ... Of concern, the use of the drug in animals may lead to increases in antibiotic resistance. Humans can be exposed to bacteria ... Since the late 1990s, the US and EU have surveyed and gathered data for fourth-generation cephalosporins for both human and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefquinome

Among Gram-negative bacteria, the emergence of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins has been a major concern. It ... Chromosomal-mediated AmpC β-lactamases represent a new threat, since they confer resistance to 7-alpha-methoxy-cephalosporins ( ... Some confer resistance predominantly to ceftazidime, but OXA-17 confers greater resistance to cefotaxime and cefepime than it ... ESBLs are beta-lactamases that hydrolyze extended-spectrum cephalosporins with an oxyimino side chain. These cephalosporins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-lactamase

... use is limited to prevent development of drug resistance; Cefiderocol - a cephalosporin used to treat complicated urinary tract ... Drug resistance, such as antimicrobial resistance or antineoplastic resistance, may make the first-line drug ineffective, ... or vancomycin intermediate-resistance S. aureus (VISA)) often coinciding with methicillin/penicillin resistance, prompting the ... Recently, resistance to even vancomycin has been shown in some strains of S. aureus (sometimes referred to as vancomycin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_of_last_resort

Resistance has not yet been reported with regards to D. nodosus. The use of antimicrobials is limited due to macrolides being ... This bacterium has also shown sensitivity to tetracyclinces, macrolides, penicillin, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones; with ... Inherent resistance has been shown in certain breeds of sheep with altered hoof conformation, and therefore, reduced incidence ... British breeds appear to carry more natural resistance, displaying mild clinical signs of a short duration. Although, first ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichelobacter_nodosus

HugA determines resistance to aminopenicillins and first- and second-generation cephalosporins, including cefuroxime. However, ... and resistance to chloramphenicol. The resistance of P. penneri to cefuroxime and the marked inhibitory activity of cefoxitin ... Isolates of P. penneri have been found to be multiple drug-resistant (MDR) with resistance to six to eight drugs. β-lactamase ... In another study, P. penneri was found to be more resistant to the penicillins and cephalosporins than P. mirabilis and mostly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteus_penneri

Teng LJ, Hsueh PR, Tsai JC, Liaw SJ, Ho SW, Luh KT (September 2002). "High incidence of cefoxitin and clindamycin resistance ... Other antibiotics that have been shown to be active against V. parvula include cephalosporin, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol ... There have been several reports of antibiotic resistance in V. parvula isolates in different countries. In Greece, V. parvula ... These findings represent the growing issue of antibiotic resistance worldwide. Parte AC. "Veillonella". LPSN. Matera G, Muto V ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veillonella_parvula

Beta-lactamase (blaCMY-2) is an enzyme responsible for providing antibiotic resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, and ... The antibiotic resistance of Salmonella makes it difficult to treat these infections if they were to inflict humans. The ... E. coli local to the human's GI tract have acquired this same antibiotic resistance using the blaCMY-2 enzyme. The sequence ... Hydrolysis of the antibiotics by blaCMY-2 results in the resistance. This enzyme is present and expressed in Salmonella ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_virus_CC31

Changing patterns in microbial resistance suggest cefotaxime may be suffering greater resistance than ceftriaxone, whereas the ... Cefotaxime is the only cephalosporin which has very low toxicity in plants, even at higher concentration (up to 500 mg/L). It ... It is in the third-generation cephalosporin family of medications and works by interfering with the bacteria's cell wall. ... As a β-lactam antibiotic in the third-generation class of cephalosporins, cefotaxime is active against numerous Gram-positive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefotaxime

Like most other cephalosporins, cefalexin is not metabolized or otherwise inactivated in the body. The elimination half-life of ... This contributes to antibacterial resistance towards cefalexin. Cefalexin is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the ... Cefalexin is a beta-lactam antibiotic of the cephalosporin family. It is bactericidal and acts by inhibiting synthesis of the ... Cefalexin is a beta-lactam antibiotic within the class of first-generation cephalosporins. It works similarly to other agents ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefalexin

Antibiotic resistance in gonorrhea has been noted beginning in the 1940s. Gonorrhea was treated with penicillin, but doses had ... The current treatment recommended by the CDC is an injected single dose of ceftriaxone (a third-generation cephalosporin). ... Within N. gonorrhoeae, genes exist that confer resistance to every single antibiotic used to cure gonorrhea, but thus far they ... As a whole, these mechanisms are referred to as serum resistance. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is named for Albert Neisser, who ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseria_gonorrhoeae

... a first generation cephalosporin is used. Cephalosporin antibiotics, however, can still cause adverse reactions in people whose ... Previously, observed resistance rates had been 10-30%; the increase is likely the result of overuse of macrolide antibiotics in ... There have been signs of antibiotic resistance, and there have been recent outbreaks in Hong Kong in 2011 and in the UK in 2014 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlet_fever

From salvarsan to cephalosporins". J Invest Surg. 25 (2): 67-77. doi:10.3109/08941939.2012.664099. PMID 22439833. S2CID ... Anderson, Rosaleen (2012). Antibacterial agents chemistry, mode of action, mechanisms of resistance, and clinical applications ... Abraham EP (1987). "Cephalosporins 1945-1986". Drugs. 34 Suppl 2 (Supplement 2): 1-14. doi:10.2165/00003495-198700342-00003. ... Hamilton-Miller JM (March 2008). "Development of the semi-synthetic penicillins and cephalosporins". Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry

He used strains of E. Coli with mutated B-lactamase, an antibiotic resistance enzyme, and assayed their activity in the ... presence of Benzylpenicillin and Cephalosporin C. Direct selection on these mutants allowed catalytic properties of B-lactamase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hall

The ABCB11 gene encodes for the bile salt export pump (BSEP) protein, and the ABCB4 gene encodes for the multidrug resistance 3 ... cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and methimazole, among others. Antibiotics and antifungals that commonly cause ... which respectively encode the canalicular transport proteins BSEP and multidrug resistance protein 3 (MDR3). MDR3 is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholestasis

While cephalosporinases (a type of beta-lactamase that inactivates cephalosporins) confers resistance to other cephalosporins, ... Characteristic of cephalosporins, ceftaroline has a bicyclic ring with four-member β-lactam ring fused to a six-member cephem ... MRSA can develop resistance to ceftaroline through the alteration of penicillin-binding proteins. Amino acid-altering mutations ... Ceftaroline fosamil (INN) /sɛfˈtæroʊliːn/, brand name Teflaro in the US and Zinforo in Europe, is a cephalosporin antibiotic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceftaroline_fosamil

Induced resistance as a mechanism of biological control by Lysobacter enzymogenes strain C3. Phytopathology 93:1103-1110. ... Molecular analysis of the gene cluster involved in cephalosporin biosynthesis from Lysobacter lactamgenus YK90. Applied ... The strain also has been demonstrated to induce systemic resistance in certain plants, protecting them from pathogen infection ... Comparison of strains of Lysobacter enzymogenes and PGPR for induction of resistance against Bipolaris sorokiniana in tall ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysobacter

It is also the source of cephalosporins. Lalchhandama, K. (2020). "Reappraising Fleming's snot and mould". Science Vision. 20 ( ... Lobanovska, Mariya; Pilla, Giulia (2017). "Penicillin's Discovery and Antibiotic Resistance: Lessons for the Future?". The Yale ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_rubens

Once in the hospital, the antibiotics of choice are usually IV broad spectrum 3rd generation cephalosporins, e.g., cefotaxime ... Antibiotic choice should be based on local antibiotic resistance information. Complications following meningococcal disease can ... although rifampin was associated with resistance to the antibiotic following treatment. Eighteen studies provided data on side ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningococcal_disease

Pelczar, M. J.; Chan, E. C. S. and Krieg, N. R. (1999) "Host-Parasite Interaction; Nonspecific Host Resistance", In: ... a review of a broad-spectrum and anti-MRSA cephalosporin". American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 9 (4): 245-54. doi:10.2165 ... Certain cephalosporins: Ceftazidime (3rd generation) Cefepime (4th generation) Ceftobiprole (5th generation) Ceftolozane/ ... tazobactam Ceftazidime/avibactam Cefiderocol(siderophore cephalosporin) Certain Penicillin-class antimicrobials: Piperacillin/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_antibiotics

Resistance to other antibiotics was documented in some strains of S. aureus. In 1996, vancomycin resistance was reported in ... Glycopeptides, cephalosporins, and in particular, quinolones are associated with an increased risk of colonisation of MRSA. ... Antimicrobial resistance is genetically based; resistance is mediated by the acquisition of extrachromosomal genetic elements ... "Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2013 - Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance - CDC". 2019-05-07. This article ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus

... clindamycin and third generation cephalosporins while the other fusobacteria have varying degrees of resistance to beta-lactams ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre's_syndrome

Other classes of drugs that have gram negative spectrum include cephalosporins, monobactams (aztreonam), aminoglycosides, ... The outer membrane provides these bacteria with resistance to lysozyme and penicillin. The periplasmic space (space between the ... cephalosporins, beta-lactam-betalactamase inhibitor combinations (e.g. piperacillin-tazobactam), Folate antagonists, quinolones ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria

In addition to this intrinsic resistance, P. aeruginosa easily develops acquired resistance either by mutation in chromosomally ... cephalosporins (ceftazidime, cefepime, cefoperazone, cefpirome, ceftobiprole, but not cefuroxime, cefotaxime, or ceftriaxone) ... 2019). "Molecular mechanisms related to colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae". Infection and Drug Resistance. 12: 965-975 ... resistance to these drugs has also been reported. Despite this, they are still being used in areas where resistance has not yet ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa

... antibiotic resistance, or both. Resistance to other antibiotics such as metronidazole, the first choice of antimicrobial drug ... fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. The majority of infections are acquired outside of hospitals, and most antibiotics have ... Once spores are ingested, their acid resistance allows them to pass through the stomach unscathed. They germinate and multiply ... Antibiotic treatment of C. diff infections may be difficult, due both to antibiotic resistance and physiological factors of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridioides_difficile

Immune resistance to an infectious disease requires a critical level of either antigen-specific antibodies and/or T cells when ... The most common classes of antibiotics used in medicine include penicillin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, macrolides, ... Resistance to infection (immunity) may be acquired following a disease, by asymptomatic carriage of the pathogen, by harboring ... Simultaneously, antimicrobial resistance genes within pathogen and plasmid genomes are sequenced and aligned to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection

This acquired vancomycin resistance is distinguished from the natural vancomycin resistance of certain enterococcal species ... Ceftriaxone (a third generation cephalosporin) use is a risk factor for colonization and infection by VRE, and restriction of ... Antibiotic resistance Drug resistance MDR-TB "Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) and the Clinical Laboratory". Centers for ... from those with vanC intrinsic resistance. Detection of vancomycin resistance by the use of PCR targeting vanA and vanB can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycin-resistant_Enterococcus

... "strongly indicates that cephalosporin resistance in humans is moving in lockstep with the use of the drug in poultry production ... Although the data are contested by the industry, antibiotic resistance in humans appears to be directly related to the ... An estimated 90-100% of conventional chicken contains, at least, one form of antibiotic resistance microorganism, while organic ... "Retail Meat Report" (PDF). National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Food and Drug Safety Administration. 2012. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_as_food

Thus, E. coli and the other enterobacteria are important reservoirs of transferable antibiotic resistance. Resistance to beta- ... These beta-lactamase enzymes make many, if not all, of the penicillins and cephalosporins ineffective as therapy. Extended- ... Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem. Some of this is due to overuse of antibiotics in humans, but some of it is probably ... Antibiotic-resistant E. coli may also pass on the genes responsible for antibiotic resistance to other species of bacteria, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic_Escherichia_coli

Cephalosporin C is first characterized, by Guy Newton and Edward Abraham of the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology in the ... Sven Sømme (born 1904), Norwegian ichthyologist and resistance worker. "My steps for Bataan". United States Marine Corps ... Abraham, E. P.; Newton, G. G. F. (May 1961). "Structure of cephalosporin C". Biochemical Journal. 79 (2): 377-393. doi:10.1042/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961_in_science

HACEK organisms be presumed to harbor ampicillin resistance and therefore be treated with a third-generation cephalosporin. C. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiobacterium_hominis

... cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones. Fluoroquinoline treatment is associated with risk that is similar to or less than that ... however this indication is no longer considered to be effective by some experts due to bacterial resistance) Prostatitis due to ... adverse events severe enough to lead to an emergency department visit more frequently than those treated with cephalosporins or ... to be contraindicated for the treatment of certain sexually transmitted diseases by some experts due to bacterial resistance. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfloxacin

... cephalosporins, and carbapenems). This allows for resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics, and obviates their clinical use ... S. aureus biofilms also have high resistance to host immune response. Though the exact mechanism of resistance is unknown, S. ... Because of the high level of resistance to penicillins and because of the potential for MRSA to develop resistance to ... Resistance is conferred by the mecA gene, which codes for an altered penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a or PBP2') that has a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureus

In order to gain resistance to fluoroquinolones, mutations in the gyrA (gyrase gene) and parC(topoisomerase IV gene) are often ... cephalosporins, and other antibiotic classes, and ability to vary lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane protein components. ... The reason P. stutzeri strains are less of a concern for major antibiotic resistance as compared to other Pseudomonas strains, ... In fact, P. stutzeri has so many resistance mechanisms that antibiotic-resistant P. stutzeri strains have been discovered and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_stutzeri

Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) or fluoroquinolones in Salmonella enterica has become a global concern (1 ... Cephalosporin and Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Salmonella, Taiwan. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2005;11(6):947-950. doi:10.3201 ... Resistance to ciprofloxacin, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and both in Salmonella enterica serotypes, by region and ... Yan J, Chiou C, Lauderdale T, Tsai S, Wu J. Cephalosporin and Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Salmonella, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/11/6/04-1153

Auto Tag: Cephalosporin resistance. April 21, 2020 , Evolution of a clade of Acinetobacter baumannii global clone 1, lineage 1 ... ISAba1 entered the common ancestor of this clade as part of the cephalosporin-resistance transposon Tn6168 and has dispersed ... Fifteen resistance genes were identified across all isolates, including fosA7, a gene only recently found in a limited number ... clade arose in the late 1990s from an ancestor that had already acquired resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and ...

https://www.pacb.com/auto_tags/cephalosporin-resistance/

... and likely will slow emergence of resistance. However, resistance to cephalosporins, including ceftriaxone, is expected to ... Because increasing MICs can predict the emergence of resistance, lower cephalosporin MIC breakpoints were established by GISP ... Criteria for resistance to cefixime and ceftriaxone have not been defined by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI ... Update to CDCs Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010: Oral Cephalosporins No Longer a Recommended Treatment ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6131a3.htm?s_cid=mm6131a3_w

The use of cephalosporins for gonorrhea: an update on the rising problem of resistance.. Stoltey, Juliet E; Barry, Pennan M. ... AREAS COVERED Since the publication of the last detailed review of the use of cephalosporins for gonorrhea in 2009, several new ... Over the last several years, Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed decreased susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins ... minimum inhibitory concentrations to cephalosporins, and the first cases of ceftriaxone treatment failure have been reported. ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/perinatal/resource/pt/mdl-22646654

Cephalosporins. This group of antibiotics keeps bacteria from building cell walls. One kind, ceftriaxone, is used if there is ... One kind called azithromycin (Zithromax) can be used if there is antibiotic resistance. ... But they focus on a different stage of that process than the cephalosporins. Antibiotics in this category may be used with ... antibiotic resistance. *Macrolides. This group of antibiotics keeps bacteria from making proteins. ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/typhoid-fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378665

EXTENDED-SPECTRUM CEPHALOSPORIN RESISTANCE IN SALMONELLA ENTERICA ISOLATES OF ANIMAL ORIGIN (Peer Reviewed Journal) (27-Apr-04 ... CO-REGULATION OF SALMONELLA ENTERICA GENES REQUIRED FOR VIRULENCE AND RESISTANCE TO ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES BY SLYA AND PHOP/ ...

https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications-at-this-location/?modecode=66-12-05-08&filteryear=2004

Categories: Cephalosporin Resistance Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Cephalosporin+Resistance&parentid=33624&catid=33782

Although the patterns differ by region, B fragilis resistance to clindamycin is increasing worldwide. Resistance of the B ... Cephalosporins. The B fragilis group, Prevotella species, and Porphyromonas species are resistant to first-generation ... Resistance to P acnes has been related to previous use. [47] Only about 45% of all B fragilis strains are susceptible to this ... Resistance of members of the B fragilis group varied from 3.3% to 7.2%. [31] Tigecycline was approved by the FDA for the ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/233339-167199/what-is-the-role-of-clindamycin-in-the-treatment-of-bacteroides-agnb-infection

The KPC gene confers resistance to all cephalosporins and Ã-lactam antibiotics: basically,… ... One of the few bright spots regarding the problem of antibiotic resistance is that resistance typically infers a fitness cost ... One of the few bright spots regarding the problem of antibiotic resistance is that resistance typically infers a fitness cost ... cost of resistance, it is thought that resistance cant increase initially without favorable selective conditions--antibiotic ...

https://www.scienceblogs.com/tag/plasmids

or carbapenem and cephalosporin resistance reported in Enterobacteriaceae (McGhee and Sundin, 2011). Despite a growing need for ... However, various bacterial organisms have developed pesticide resistance such as kasugamycin resistance tested in Erwinia sp. ... By contrast, the phage showed resistance (,70%) to 0.1 to 1.5% SDS. EspM4VN was stable in skim milk at all concentrations ... and assessment of kasugamycin resistance potential in Erwinia amylovora. Phytopathology 101, 192-204. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-10- ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00885/full

Antimicrobial resistance was established by disk diffusion. Ninety-seven isolates (27.3%) presented integrase 1, and 16 (4.5%) ... The association of integrons with ESBLs is worrisome and has an impact on the development of multidrug resistance. ... Class 1 and Class 2 integrons are mobilizable elements able to carry a variety of antibiotic resistance determinants. In the ... Resistance to quinolones, cephalosporins and macrolides in Escherichia coli causing bacteraemia in Peruvian children. J Glob ...

https://www.ajtmh.org/abstract/journals/tpmd/108/1/article-p181.xml?rskey=odOKXd&result=133

The spread of genes coding for resistance determinants among bacteria challenges the use of approved antibiotics, narrowing the ... Resistance to carbapenems, last resort antibiotics, is a major c … ... Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major problems in current practical medicine. ... Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) hydrolyze carbapenems, penicillins, and cephalosporins, becoming central to this problem. These ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34129337/

Resistance to nalidixic acid was seen in 83% of the S. enterica serovarTyphi and 93% of S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A strains ... Thirdgeneration cephalosporins continue to remain susceptible. Citation. Indian Network for Surveillance of Antimicrobial ... Majority of the strains were susceptibleto third generation cephalosporins.Conclusions: Enteric fever in India is caused by S. ... enterica serovar Typhi and S. enterica serovarParatyphi A. Nalidixic acid resistance is high among both S. enterica serovar ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/329826

Takeda, S., Nakai, T., Wakai, Y., Ikeda, F. & Hatano, K. In vitro and in vivo activities of a new cephalosporin, FR264205, ... Spellberg, B. Antibiotic Resistance: Promoting Critically Needed Antibiotic Research and Development and Appropriate Use ( ... Rice, L. B. Federal funding for the study of antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens: no ESKAPE. J. Infect. Dis. 197, ... Synthesis and SAR of novel parenteral anti-pseudomonal cephalosporins: discovery of FR264205. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 18, 4849 ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/ja201144?error=cookies_not_supported&code=c34973e1-d371-4f5a-ba71-b2c329e226b9

ESBL enzymes create resistance within the body to most beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/647917

... other Enterobacterales had resistance against cephalosporins and penicillins. Data surrounding cephalosporin resistance is ... and their resistance to commonly used antibiotics, had not been widely studied in the UK to date. So we hope that this study ... Antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance were tested in the study. Notably, Enterococcus species were frequently found to ... Data in the present study adds to the existing evidence that the use of cephalosporins such as cefovecin may be ineffective in ...

https://www.vetclick.com/news/cvs-lumbry-park-axiom-lab-and-finn-pathologists-investigate-antimicrobial-resistance-in-feline-urine-collected-by-cystocentesis-p9640.php

Mechanism of Resistance. Resistance to cefaclor is primarily through hydrolysis of ß-lactamases alteration of penicillin- ... Cephalosporin-Class Reactions. In addition to the adverse reactions listed above, the following adverse reactions and altered ... As with other cephalosporins, the bactericidal action of cefaclor results from inhibition of cell-wall synthesis. ... This phenomenon has been seen in patients taking cephalosporin antibiotics when the test is performed using Benedicts and ...

https://www.drugs.com/pro/cefaclor-extended-release-tablets.html

In areas where resistance is very high (,25% of strains being nonsusceptible), a third-generation cephalosporin might be ... On a macroscopic level, the invading agents and the host defenses all tend to increase airway smooth muscle tone and resistance ... The choice of agent and dosing may vary based on local resistance rates (high rates of intermediate or resistant pneumococcus ... Because the myocardium has to work harder to overcome the alterations in pulmonary vascular resistance that accompany the above ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/967822-overview

Ceftobiprole has antipseudomonal characteristics that appear to be less susceptible to the development of resistance. ... Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market - By Type. * Branded Cephalosporin Drugs * Generic Cephalosporin Drugs Global Cephalosporin ... Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market - By Generation. * First-generation Cephalosporin * Second-generation Cephalosporin * Third- ... Third-generation Cephalosporin *8.6. Fourth-generation Cephalosporin 9. Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market - By Formulation. * ...

https://www.giiresearch.com/report/dmin1022286-global-cephalosporin-drugs-market.html

7 First-generation cephalosporins are not as effective because of resistance of some anaerobic bacteria and Escherichia coli.5 ...

https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/0315/p1113.html

Cross Resistance There is no known cross-resistance between ciprofloxacin and other classes of antimicrobials. Ciprofloxacin ... Ciprofloxacin administered intravenously and/or orally was compared to a cephalosporin for treatment of cUTI and pyelonephritis ... In vitro resistance to ciprofloxacin develops slowly by multiple step mutations. Resistance to ciprofloxacin due to spontaneous ... Antibacterial Resistance Inform patients that antibacterial drugs including ciprofloxacin tablets should only be used to treat ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c4310110-a701-0bf2-e053-2995a90a1486

These results are in accordance with those reported by other authors, showing that third-generation cephalosporins are active ... and Travelers Diarrhea: Clinical Features and Antimicrobial Resistance On This Page Methods Results Discussion Cite This ... Antimicrobial resistance of mesophilic Aeromonas spp. isolated from two European rivers. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2000;46:297- ... and Travelers Diarrhea: Clinical Features and Antimicrobial Resistance. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2003;9(5):552-555. doi: ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/9/5/02-0451_article

... third-generation cephalosporins (Escherichia coli), and oxacillin (Staphylococcus aureus). The researchers defined 20 different ... Resistance was defined as resistance to ceftazidime (Acinetobacter baumannii or Pseudomonas aeruginosa), ... Antibiotic resistance is a complication of treating patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) who have contracted healthcare- ... Risk of death associated with antimicrobial resistance (ie, additional risk of death to that of the infection) was 1Â·2 (1Â·11Â ...

https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/resistance-does-not-greatly-impact-mortality-icu-patients-hais

Antibiotic resistance is common. The study also examined the sensitivity of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius to antibiotics in ... meaning that treatment with penicillin derivatives or cephalosporins is ineffective. These are important antibiotics commonly ... According to head of laboratory, DrVetMed Merja Rantala, the resistance figures are worrying. "Almost one in seven bacterial ... Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant S. ...

https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/healthier-world/new-information-about-epidemiology-mrsp-finland

Of special concern is resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, which are often used as empiric therapy for meningitis (3 ... Penicillin resistance was defined as MIC greater than or equal to 0.1 ug/mL, and high-level resistance was defined as MIC ... for penicillin resistance. Screening cannot reliably quantify the degree of penicillin resistance; therefore, pneumococcal ... Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States, 1979-1987. J Infect Dis 1991;163:1273-8. * ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0026038/m0026038.asp

Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) or fluoroquinolones in Salmonella enterica has become a global concern ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Resistance to fluoroquinolones in Salmonella strains is usually due to the accumulation of mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of DNA gyrase genes ( 1 , 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Resistance to both ESCs and fluoroquinolones remains extremely rare in salmonellae. (cdc.gov)
In Taiwan, increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones and the emergence of CMY-2-producing ESC-resistant strains in salmonellae have been noted ( 3 - 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Lineage 1 arose in the late 1970s and the Tn6168/OCL3 clade arose in the late 1990s from an ancestor that had already acquired resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. (pacb.com)
In 2007, emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae in the United States prompted CDC to no longer recommend fluoroquinolones for treatment of gonorrhea, leaving cephalosporins as the only remaining recommended antimicrobial class ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Many of new orally administered antibiotics introduced, such as newer fluoroquinolones or cephalosporins, showed a spectrum of activity and clinical efficacy for the most common clinical community infections. (nih.gov)
S. intermedius maintains a propensity not to develop resistance to cephalosporins, beta lactamase-resistant penicillins and fluoroquinolones. (vin.com)
Some of these plasmids contain genes that confer resistance to commonly used antibiotics, including beta-lactam drugs like penicillin and cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin (Cipro). (nih.gov)
Serious concurrent conditions and prior use of fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, or broad-spectrum cephalosporins have been independently associated with acquisition of infections caused by CRE. (cdc.gov)

The spread of genes coding for resistance determinants among bacteria challenges the use of approved antibiotics, narrowing the options for treatment. (nih.gov)
Resistance to carbapenems, last resort antibiotics, is a major concern. (nih.gov)
ESBL enzymes create resistance within the body to most beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and aztreonam. (eurekalert.org)
The prevalence of bacterial strains and their resistance to antibiotics in urine samples from cats in the UK have not been widely reported previously. (vetclick.com)
Notably, Enterococcus species were frequently found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics, and several other isolates demonstrated resistance to frequently used antibiotics. (vetclick.com)
The inappropriate use of antibiotics for bacterial cystitis could not only be ineffective to manage bacterial cystitis in cats but promote further antimicrobial resistance. (vetclick.com)
Even though feline lower urinary tract disease is one of the most common reasons for vets to prescribe antibiotics, the prevalence of bacterial strains in the urine of cats with this condition, and their resistance to commonly used antibiotics, had not been widely studied in the UK to date. (vetclick.com)
The cephalosporin drugs market growth is driven by the rising demand for anti-microbials in various indications, the increasing prevalence of infectious diseases, the increase in funding for the development of antibiotics, increased consumption of cephalosporin, easier availability, and a rise in demand for over-the-counter drugs. (giiresearch.com)
This indicates rapid evolution, i.e., gene transfer between strains, which also effectively transfers the genes that convey resistance to antibiotics," he continues. (helsinki.fi)
What is even more worrying is that resistance towards alternative antibiotics, such as macrolides, lincosamides and tetracycline was between 30% and 40%, so treatment options are becoming fewer and fewer," she maintains. (helsinki.fi)
A rapid diagnostic test for multi-resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics has just been developed at the University of Fribourg. (unifr.ch)
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has increased considerably over recent years. (unifr.ch)
Extremely broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as the broad-spectrum cephalosporins and the carbapenems, antibiotics of last resort, are already proving totally ineffective against certain strains of bacteria. (unifr.ch)
It is estimated that in Europe the total number of deaths associated with multi-resistance to antibiotics is 25,000 annually. (unifr.ch)
The rapid development of this resistance risks compromising whole areas of 21st century medicine which require effective preventative or curative antibiotics for transplants and major surgery as well as resuscitation. (unifr.ch)
and it is this carbapenemase activity which is systematically associated with multi-resistance to antibiotics in this type of bacterium (fig. 1). (unifr.ch)
CONTRAINDICATIONS Keflex is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics. (seagullindia.com)
The most common way that bacteria become invulnerable to antibiotics is through the transfer of resistance genes from other bacteria. (nih.gov)
Third-generation cephalosporin resistance was calculated as resistance (R) to at least one of the following antibiotics: cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. (who.int)

However, in addition to the B fragilis group, which is resistant to penicillin, other AGNB show increased resistance. (medscape.com)
Despite their second-line usage, cephalosporins also have a broader spectrum of activity and are more potent than penicillin. (giiresearch.com)
Most of the Gram positive isolates exhibited higher resistance to penicillin, cephalosporin, macrolides, gentamycin and quinolones. (banglajol.info)
Almost one in seven bacterial strains (14%) was resistant to methicillin, meaning that treatment with penicillin derivatives or cephalosporins is ineffective. (helsinki.fi)
Although S. pneumoniae was once considered to be routinely susceptible to penicillin, since the mid-1980s the incidence of resistance of this organism to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents has been increasing in the United States (1-4). (cdc.gov)
To determine the extent of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. pneumoniae and the prevalence of penicillin resistance among pneumococcal isolates from July 1992 through June 1993, in August 1993 the Connecticut Department of Public Health and Addiction Services (DPHAS) surveyed all 44 hospitals with clinical microbiology laboratories in Connecticut. (cdc.gov)
Hospital laboratories were asked whether pneumococcal isolates were tested for resistance to penicillin, which isolates were tested, which tests were used, the number of isolates tested from different body sites from July 1992 through June 1993, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for any resistant isolates. (cdc.gov)
Nine laboratories screened pneumococcal isolates by disk diffusion, then confirmed penicillin resistance by determination of a quantitative MIC. (cdc.gov)
Penicillin resistance was defined as MIC greater than or equal to 0.1 ug/mL, and high-level resistance was defined as MIC greater than or equal to 2.0 ug/mL (5). (cdc.gov)
Although information regarding resistance to other antimicrobial drugs was unavailable in the Connecticut survey, the overall prevalence of penicillin-resistant strains in Connecticut was low through June 1993. (cdc.gov)

Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) hydrolyze carbapenems, penicillins, and cephalosporins, becoming central to this problem. (nih.gov)
Additionally, other Enterobacterales had resistance against cephalosporins and penicillins. (vetclick.com)

Empirical treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors and the combination of cephalosporins and macrolides or quinolones are suggested to be an effective treatment for COVID-19. (giiresearch.com)
Also, the cephalosporins combined with macrolides and quinolones may be potentially effective against COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). (giiresearch.com)

We report the prevalence and characteristics of Salmonella strains resistant to ciprofloxacin and extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Taiwan from January to May 2004. (cdc.gov)
All isolates resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins carried bla CMY-2 , and all ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis isolates were genetically related. (cdc.gov)
ESC resistance in Salmonella strains is usually due to the production of plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) or AmpC β-lactamases, and among these β-lactamases, the CMY-2 AmpC enzyme has been reported most often ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Over the last several years, Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed decreased susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
These tests detected the presence of extended spectrum Beta lactamase enzymes and of carbapenemases (which hydrolyse wide-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively). (unifr.ch)
Of special concern is resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, which are often used as empiric therapy for meningitis (3). (cdc.gov)

Carbapenemases are a class of enzymes that can confer resistance to carbapenems and other Beta-lactam antibiotic drugs, but not all carbapenemase-producing isolates are carbapenem-resistant. (cdc.gov)

EXPERT OPINION A robust public health response is needed that includes better diagnosis and treatment of pharyngeal gonorrhea , improved surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, informed treatment approaches and reduction of the global burden of gonococcal infections . (bvsalud.org)
Orally administered cephalosporins are beta-lactamic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that are often used empirically to treat community bacterial infections and also to treat culture-proven infections due to selected gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. (nih.gov)
As a result, the report thirdgenerationcephalosporinsorfluoroquinolones, likely underestimates community-acquired but the WHO report indicates that resistance is infections, where resistance rates may vary. (who.int)
Antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative bacilli causing infections in intensive care unit patients in the United States between 1993 and 2004. (medscape.com)
Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology (ICARE) Surveillance Report, data summary from January 1996 through December 1997: A report from the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System. (medscape.com)
In vitro susceptibilities of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections worldwide: 2004 results from SMART (Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends). (medscape.com)
Increasing antimicrobial resistance among pathogens causing complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) supports the development of new antimicrobials. (nih.gov)
For example, in June 2019, Lupin Limited recalled 18,604 bottles (60 ml) of Cefdinir (Cephalosporin) for Oral Suspension, used for the treatment of bacterial infections, from the U.S. market. (giiresearch.com)
Antibiotic resistance is a complication of treating patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) who have contracted healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs), but according to Marie-Laurence Lambert, MD, of the of the Scientific Institute of Public Health in Brussels, and colleagues, this resistance does not increase mortality. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
The researchers conclude that healthcare-acquired bloodstream infections and pneumonia greatly increase mortality and pneumonia increases length of stay in intensive-care units, but that the additional effect of the most common antimicrobial resistance patterns is comparatively low. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Reference: Lambert ML, Suetens C, Savey A, Palomar M, Hiesmayr M, Morales I, Agodi A, Frank U, Mertens K, Schumacher M and Wolkewitz M. Clinical outcomes of health-care-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance in patients admitted to European intensive-care units: a cohort study. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
It is a prescription drug which is used in the treatment and prevention of various bacterial infections Contra-indicated in patients with cephalosporin hypersensitivity. (seagullindia.com)
Antibiotic resistance can turn once-manageable infections into 'superbug' diseases that are difficult-and sometimes impossible-to treat. (nih.gov)

Chlamydia trachomatis ) and reflecting concern about emerging gonococcal resistance, CDC's 2010 sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) treatment guidelines recommended combination therapy for gonorrhea with a cephalosporin (ceftriaxone 250 mg intramuscularly or cefixime 400 mg orally) plus either azithromycin orally or doxycycline orally, even if nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) for C. trachomatis was negative at the time of treatment ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Criteria for resistance to cefixime and ceftriaxone have not been defined by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). (cdc.gov)
Gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance programs in multiple regions have documented the rise in N. gonorrhoeae isolates' minimum inhibitory concentrations to cephalosporins , and the first cases of ceftriaxone treatment failure have been reported. (bvsalud.org)
One kind, ceftriaxone, is used if there is antibiotic resistance. (mayoclinic.org)
We describe a multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae urethritis case with ceftriaxone resistance and azithromycin intermediate resistance in a heterosexual man in Ireland, August 2018. (eurosurveillance.org)
IR72 was assigned MSLT ST1903, NG-MAST ST17842 and NG-STAR type 1133, including the ceftriaxone resistance-mediating penA- 60.001. (eurosurveillance.org)
Multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection with ceftriaxone resistance and intermediate resistance to azithromycin, Denmark, 2017. (eurosurveillance.org)
The World Health Organization has warned that gonorrhea "may soon become untreatable" because of growing resistance to the antibiotic ceftriaxone, a member of the cephalosporin class. (raptureready.com)

Resistance was defined as resistance to ceftazidime (Acinetobacter baumannii or Pseudomonas aeruginosa), third-generation cephalosporins (Escherichia coli), and oxacillin (Staphylococcus aureus). (infectioncontroltoday.com)

These habitats provide ideal conditions for bacteria from diverse sources, such as human sewage, animal waste and naturally occurring plant and soil microorganisms, to swap genes and spread antibiotic resistance, he notes. (nih.gov)

None of the 26 Salmonella isolates with resistance or decreased susceptibility to ESCs produced ESBL, according to the double-disk synergy method ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)
Among the 20 ESC-resistant isolates, 10 isolates were ciprofloxacin-resistant, 4 isolates showed decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC 0.25-1 μg/mL) and resistance to nalidixic acid, and 6 isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid ( Table 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Vitek2™ Automated Susceptibility System and Etest™ strips, and whole-genome sequencing facilitated analysis of its multidrug resistance. (pacb.com)
During September-December 2011, CDC and five external GISP principal investigators, each with N. gonorrhoeae -specific expertise in surveillance, antimicrobial resistance, treatment, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, reviewed antimicrobial susceptibility trends in GISP through August 2011 to determine whether to update CDC's current recommendations ( 2 ) for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea. (cdc.gov)
A variety of treatment strategies have been proposed in response to this 'superbug' threat, including increasing the dose or providing multiple doses of cephalosporins , multidrug therapy , rotating therapeutic regimens and individualized treatment based on susceptibility testing. (bvsalud.org)
Majority of the strains were susceptibleto third generation cephalosporins.Conclusions: Enteric fever in India is caused by S. enterica serovar Typhi and S. enterica serovarParatyphi A. Nalidixic acid resistance is high among both S. enterica serovar Typhi and S. entericaserovar Paratyphi A. Susceptibility to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole is high. (who.int)
Non-susceptibility of an organism to the action of the cephalosporins. (nih.gov)

Additionally, the IDSA recently published guidance for treating antimicrobial resistant gram negative pathogens with a focus on ESBL producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa with difficult to treat resistance patterns. (medscape.com)

Retrospective whole-genome sequencing analysis distinguished PFGE and drug-resistance-matched retail meat and clinical Salmonella isolates. (pacb.com)
By better understanding the nature of drug resistance plasmids in urban wetlands, Cummings hopes to aid future efforts to prevent their potential spread among bacteria that cause human disease. (nih.gov)

Santajit S, Indrawattana N. Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens. (medscape.com)
Rice LB. Federal funding for the study of antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens: no ESKAPE. (medscape.com)
Within this context, bacterial pathogens may undergo rapid and dramatic evolution, facilitating host adaptation and the development of antibiotic resistance. (nih.gov)
An entire series of bacterial pathogens have developed resistance to nearly every antibiotic. (raptureready.com)

The gene provides resistance to colistin, an antibiotic with nasty side effects used to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria. (scienceblogs.com)
and Dr. Louise Francois Watkins, a Medical Officer, all with CDC's National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria Team within the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases. (cdc.gov)
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria has been recognized as a critical threat to public health. (nih.gov)
Similarly, most of the Gram negative bacteria showed resistance to cephalosporin, aminoglycosides. (banglajol.info)
Bacteria living in the human body can trade resistance genes, too. (nih.gov)
Gautam Dantas of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis is investigating how resistance develops in and spreads among the bacteria that colonize the human gut during the first 2 years of life. (nih.gov)
This is a way to detect resistance genes before they [transfer into disease-causing bacteria and] become a problem,' says Dantas. (nih.gov)

Evolution of a clade of Acinetobacter baumannii global clone 1, lineage 1 via acquisition of carbapenem- and aminoglycoside-resistance genes and dispersion of ISAba1. (pacb.com)
Here, we investigate the evolution of an expanding clade of lineage 1 of the GC1 complex via repeated acquisition of carbapenem- and aminoglycoside-resistance genes. (pacb.com)
Part or all of the original resistance gene cluster in the chromosomally located AbaR3 has been lost from some isolates, but plasmids carrying alternate resistance genes have been gained. (pacb.com)
Importantly, two copies of qnrVC6 gene with three ISCR1 around, a blaVIM-2 carrying integron In528, a novel gcu173 carrying integron In1348, and six antibiotic resistance genes were identified. (pacb.com)
Fifteen resistance genes were identified across all isolates, including fosA7, a gene only recently found in a limited number of Salmonella and a =95? (pacb.com)
David Cummings studies the role of urban storm water in spreading genes for antibiotic resistance in natural environments. (nih.gov)
David Cummings of Point Loma Nazarene University in San Diego searches for plasmids bearing resistance genes in sediment samples from several urban wetlands. (nih.gov)
Dantas is studying the development of the complete collection of resistance genes in the gut-dubbed the resistome-in healthy sets of twins and in infants with very low birthweights. (nih.gov)

Cephalosporins differ widely in their spectrum of activity, in vitro antimicrobial potency, microbial resistance, pharmaco-kinetic properties and cost. (nih.gov)

Veterinarians, pet owners and breeders must all cooperate to improve the antibiotic resistance situation. (helsinki.fi)
The data set aims to create awareness about antibiotic resistance situation and advocate AMR control policies in participating countries. (who.int)

Why is antimicrobial resistance a global concern? (who.int)

Data in the present study adds to the existing evidence that the use of cephalosporins such as cefovecin may be ineffective in many cases (intrinsic resistance of Enterococcus spp ) and therefore should be avoided unless cystocentesis and signalment results support their use. (vetclick.com)

If daily doses of Keflex greater than 4 g are required, parenteral cephalosporins, in appropriate doses, should be considered. (seagullindia.com)

To assess its potential in enhancing integrated surveillance in Pennsylvania, USA, WGS was used to directly compare the genetic characteristics of 7 retail meat and 43 clinical historic Salmonella isolates, subdivided into 3 subsets based on PFGE and AST results, to retrospectively resolve their genetic relatedness and identify antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants. (pacb.com)
We also discuss here different aspects critical to understand the success of MBLs in conferring resistance: the molecular determinants of their dissemination, their cell physiology, from the biogenesis to the processing involved in the transit to the periplasm, and the uptake of the Zn(II) ions upon metal starvation conditions, such as those encountered during an infection. (nih.gov)

Widespread and uncontrolled use of these done on Mueller-Hinton agar (Oxoid) by drugs has, however, led to the emergence of the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion resistance against them also [ 1-3 ]. (who.int)
The development of the CarbAcineto test is an important contribution to the struggle against the emergence of antibiotic resistance. (unifr.ch)
Here are just a few examples of what they're exploring and how it could aid efforts to curb the emergence of resistance. (nih.gov)

No resistance to third generation cephalosporins was detected. (who.int)

Resistance to nalidixic acid was seen in 83% of the S. enterica serovarTyphi and 93% of S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A strains. (who.int)

Gonorrhea treatment has been complicated by the ability of N. gonorrhoeae to develop resistance to antimicrobials used for treatment. (cdc.gov)

Effective treatment is a cornerstone of U.S. gonorrhea control efforts, but treatment of gonorrhea has been complicated by the ability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to develop antimicrobial resistance. (cdc.gov)

Therefore, therapeutic indication of a new cephalosporin is somewhat difficult to define, because the newer drugs must compete with improved properties over the previous ones. (nih.gov)

Resistance rates vary among different geographic regions and institutions, and some antibiotic regimens that were used in the past are no longer considered adequate for empiric therapy. (medscape.com)

This data set describes antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data from the WHO European Region gathered through the Central Asian and Eastern European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (CAESAR) network and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). (who.int)
Data from the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). (who.int)

Update on Taxonomy, Clinical Aspects, and Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance. (medscape.com)
Mezzatesta ML, Gona F, Stefani S. Enterobacter cloacae complex: clinical impact and emerging antibiotic resistance. (medscape.com)
The rising number of clinical trials for R&D of cephalosporin drugs is also expected to boost the growth of the cephalosporin drugs market over the forecast period. (giiresearch.com)
Level B data provides an indication of the resistance patterns present in clinical settings in the country, but the proportion of resistance should be interpreted with care. (who.int)

Antimicrobial resistance patterns may vary. (medscape.com)

Methicillin resistance (MR) is being recognized with increased frequency in veterinary medicine and will have substantial impact on how we manage staphylococcal skin disease in the future. (vin.com)
Methicillin resistance is reported in S. aureus (hospital or community acquired HA-MRSA & CA-MRSA), S. intermedius (MRSI), & S. schleiferi (MRSS). (vin.com)

The use of cephalosporins for gonorrhea: an update on the rising problem of resistance. (bvsalud.org)
AREAS COVERED Since the publication of the last detailed review of the use of cephalosporins for gonorrhea in 2009, several new developments have occurred, which are detailed in this review . (bvsalud.org)

However, various bacterial organisms have developed pesticide resistance such as kasugamycin resistance tested in Erwinia sp. (frontiersin.org)

As a result, the last few decades have concernbyorganismandbyregion,mechanismsby witnessed a rapid development of resistance in which resistance is being developed, the potential common but deadly organisms such as S. aureus, K. economicandpatientimpactglobally,andstrategies pneumoniae, M. tuberculosis, and others. (who.int)

A main area of focus within the Bacterial Pathogenesis and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit is the application of systems biology approaches to study the evolutionary mechanisms by which resistance emerges in this natural context. (nih.gov)
Recent progress in characterizing molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance has also made possible the development of new approaches to the detection of AMR based on proteomics and sequencing. (nih.gov)
New resistance mechanisms are emerging and spreading globally, threatening our ability to treat common infectious diseases, resulting in prolonged illness, disability, and death. (who.int)

However, FLUTD is one of the most common reasons for the use of antimicrobial drugs in veterinary medicine and is therefore an important condition to consider to minimise antimicrobial use and development of antimicrobial resistance [ii] . (vetclick.com)
The global cephalosporin drugs market size was valued US$ XX billion in 2019 and is estimated to reach US$ XX billion by 2028, growing at a CAGR of XX % during the forecast period (2021-2028). (giiresearch.com)
Cephalosporin drugs are part of the beta-lactams group and they work by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. (giiresearch.com)
Therefore, all these factors may help the cephalosporin drugs market witness fast growth over the forecast period. (giiresearch.com)
Low platelet or red blood cell count Cephalexin is contraindicated in people who are allergic to cephalexin or any drug in the cephalosporin class of drugs. (seagullindia.com)

Like many previous studies, the results also showed a link between antibiotic treatment and antibiotic resistance. (helsinki.fi)
Head lice do not cause death, but its resistance to treatment shows the problem. (raptureready.com)

During the 1990s and 2000s, fluoroquinolone resistance in N. gonorrhoeae emerged in the United States, becoming prevalent in Hawaii and California and among men who have sex with men (MSM) before spreading throughout the United States. (cdc.gov)

recent data has indeed shown that the cephalosporin cefovecin is a commonly prescribed antibiotic [iii] for cats presenting with lower urinary tract disease. (vetclick.com)
Data has been collected by the Control of Antimicrobial Resistance Programme at the Division of Health Emergencies and Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe and the ECDC EARS-Net. (who.int)

One kind called azithromycin (Zithromax) can be used if there is antibiotic resistance. (mayoclinic.org)

One of the few bright spots regarding the problem of antibiotic resistance is that resistance typically infers a fitness cost to the bacterium, at least initially. (scienceblogs.com)

In one group in subclade 2, the chromosomally located AbGRI3, carrying the armA aminoglycoside-resistance gene, has been acquired from a GC2 isolate and incorporated via homologous recombination. (pacb.com)

Organisms8

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs27

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes13

In vitro activities of cephalosporins and quinolones against Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic dairy calves. (1/261)

Use of an oxacillin disk screening test for detection of penicillin- and ceftriaxone-resistant pneumococci. (2/261)

Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin for the treatment of experimental penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. (3/261)

Molecular basis of AmpC hyperproduction in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. (4/261)

In vitro activities of the potent, broad-spectrum carbapenem MK-0826 (L-749,345) against broad-spectrum beta-lactamase-and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli clinical isolates. (5/261)

Carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli associated with plasmid-determined CMY-4 beta-lactamase production and loss of an outer membrane protein. (6/261)

Diversity of substitutions within or adjacent to conserved amino acid motifs of penicillin-binding protein 2X in cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. (7/261)

Efficacy of beta-lactam and inhibitor combinations in a diffusion chamber model in rabbits. (8/261)

Cephalosporin Resistance

Cephalosporins

Cefotaxime

Microbial Sensitivity Tests

beta-Lactamases

Cefuroxime

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Enterobacteriaceae Infections

beta-Lactam Resistance

Drug Resistance, Bacterial

Penicillin-Binding Proteins

Acremonium

Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections

Enterococcus faecalis

Drug Resistance, Microbial

Escherichia coli

DNA, Bacterial

Bacterial Proteins

Plasmids

Drug Resistance

Cephalexin

Cephalosporinase

Ceftriaxone

Cephalothin

Cephaloridine

Cefmenoxime

Ceftizoxime

Drug Resistance, Neoplasm

Bacteria

Penicillin Amidase

Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial

Drug Resistance, Multiple

Cefazolin

Enterobacteriaceae

Penicillin Resistance

Cefixime

Penicillins

Cefaclor

Disease Resistance

Ceftazidime

Cefamandole

Vascular Resistance

Bacterial Infections

Drug Resistance, Viral

Gram-Negative Bacteria

Enterobacter

Cefonicid

Gram-Positive Bacteria

Penicillinase

Cephradine

Cefotiam

Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase

In vitro activities of cephalosporins and quinolones against Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic dairy calves. (1/261)

Use of an oxacillin disk screening test for detection of penicillin- and ceftriaxone-resistant pneumococci. (2/261)

Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin for the treatment of experimental penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. (3/261)

Molecular basis of AmpC hyperproduction in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. (4/261)

In vitro activities of the potent, broad-spectrum carbapenem MK-0826 (L-749,345) against broad-spectrum beta-lactamase-and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli clinical isolates. (5/261)

Carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli associated with plasmid-determined CMY-4 beta-lactamase production and loss of an outer membrane protein. (6/261)

Diversity of substitutions within or adjacent to conserved amino acid motifs of penicillin-binding protein 2X in cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. (7/261)

Efficacy of beta-lactam and inhibitor combinations in a diffusion chamber model in rabbits. (8/261)

Cephalosporin

Discovery and development of cephalosporins

Drug resistance

Cefpirome

Cefozopran

Klebsiella aerogenes

Beta-lactam

Ampicillin

Gonorrhea

Urinary tract infection

Enterobacter

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria

Capnocytophaga canimorsus

Cefprozil

Antimicrobial stewardship

Typhoid fever

Plasmid-mediated resistance

Syphilis

Clostridial necrotizing enteritis

Citrobacter