Centromere. Medical search

The clear constricted portion of the chromosome at which the chromatids are joined and by which the chromosome is attached to the spindle during cell division.

A DNA-binding protein that interacts with a 17-base pair sequence known as the CENP-B box motif. The protein is localized constitutively to the CENTROMERE and plays an important role in its maintenance.

Nucleoproteins, which in contrast to HISTONES, are acid insoluble. They are involved in chromosomal functions; e.g. they bind selectively to DNA, stimulate transcription resulting in tissue-specific RNA synthesis and undergo specific changes in response to various hormones or phytomitogens.

Large multiprotein complexes that bind the centromeres of the chromosomes to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle during metaphase in the cell cycle.

The orderly segregation of CHROMOSOMES during MEIOSIS or MITOSIS.

Highly repetitive DNA sequences found in HETEROCHROMATIN, mainly near centromeres. They are composed of simple sequences (very short) (see MINISATELLITE REPEATS) repeated in tandem many times to form large blocks of sequence. Additionally, following the accumulation of mutations, these blocks of repeats have been repeated in tandem themselves. The degree of repetition is on the order of 1000 to 10 million at each locus. Loci are few, usually one or two per chromosome. They were called satellites since in density gradients, they often sediment as distinct, satellite bands separate from the bulk of genomic DNA owing to a distinct BASE COMPOSITION.

In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Structures within the nucleus of fungal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.

Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response.

The portion of chromosome material that remains condensed and is transcriptionally inactive during INTERPHASE.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division, occurring during maturation of the GERM CELLS. Two successive cell nucleus divisions following a single chromosome duplication (S PHASE) result in daughter cells with half the number of CHROMOSOMES as the parent cells.

A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, all elements, such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE; and CENTROMERE, required for successful replication, propagation to and maintainance in progeny human cells. In addition, they are constructed to carry other sequences for analysis or gene transfer.

A genus of ascomycetous fungi of the family Schizosaccharomycetaceae, order Schizosaccharomycetales.

The phase of cell nucleus division following PROMETAPHASE, in which the CHROMOSOMES line up across the equatorial plane of the SPINDLE APPARATUS prior to separation.

Either of the two longitudinally adjacent threads formed when a eukaryotic chromosome replicates prior to mitosis. The chromatids are held together at the centromere. Sister chromatids are derived from the same chromosome. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each.

Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.

The phase of cell nucleus division following METAPHASE, in which the CHROMATIDS separate and migrate to opposite poles of the spindle.

An aurora kinase that is a component of the chromosomal passenger protein complex and is involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. It mediates proper CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION and contractile ring function during CYTOKINESIS.

A microtubule structure that forms during CELL DIVISION. It consists of two SPINDLE POLES, and sets of MICROTUBULES that may include the astral microtubules, the polar microtubules, and the kinetochore microtubules.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.

The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.

Proteins obtained from the species Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

A family of highly conserved serine-threonine kinases that are involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. They are involved in many aspects of cell division, including centrosome duplication, SPINDLE APPARATUS formation, chromosome alignment, attachment to the spindle, checkpoint activation, and CYTOKINESIS.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

A genus, Muntiacus, of the deer family (Cervidae) comprising six species living in China, Tibet, Nepal, India, the Malay Peninsula, and neighboring island countries. They are usually found in forests and areas of dense vegetation, usually not far from water. They emit a deep barklike sound which gives them the name "barking deer." If they sense a predator they will "bark" for an hour or more. They are hunted for their meat and skins; they thrive in captivity and are found in many zoos. The Indian muntjac is believed to have the lowest chromosome number in mammals and cell lines derived from them figure widely in chromosome and DNA studies. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed., p1366)

Very long DNA molecules and associated proteins, HISTONES, and non-histone chromosomal proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE). Normally 46 chromosomes, including two sex chromosomes are found in the nucleus of human cells. They carry the hereditary information of the individual.

The alignment of CHROMOSOMES at homologous sequences.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The three-part structure of ribbon-like proteinaceous material that serves to align and join the paired homologous CHROMOSOMES. It is formed during the ZYGOTENE STAGE of the first meiotic division. It is a prerequisite for CROSSING OVER.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

The first phase of cell nucleus division, in which the CHROMOSOMES become visible, the CELL NUCLEUS starts to lose its identity, the SPINDLE APPARATUS appears, and the CENTRIOLES migrate toward opposite poles.

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The failure of homologous CHROMOSOMES or CHROMATIDS to segregate during MITOSIS or MEIOSIS with the result that one daughter cell has both of a pair of parental chromosomes or chromatids and the other has none.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Metacentric chromosomes produced during MEIOSIS or MITOSIS when the CENTROMERE splits transversely instead of longitudinally. The chromosomes produced by this abnormal division are one chromosome having the two long arms of the original chromosome, but no short arms, and the other chromosome consisting of the two short arms and no long arms. Each of these isochromosomes constitutes a simultaneous duplication and deletion.

The interval between two successive CELL DIVISIONS during which the CHROMOSOMES are not individually distinguishable. It is composed of the G phases (G1 PHASE; G0 PHASE; G2 PHASE) and S PHASE (when DNA replication occurs).

The repeating structural units of chromatin, each consisting of approximately 200 base pairs of DNA wound around a protein core. This core is composed of the histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4.

A terminal section of a chromosome which has a specialized structure and which is involved in chromosomal replication and stability. Its length is believed to be a few hundred base pairs.

The prophase of the first division of MEIOSIS (in which homologous CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION occurs). It is divided into five stages: leptonema, zygonema, PACHYNEMA, diplonema, and diakinesis.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

The final phase of cell nucleus division following ANAPHASE, in which two daughter nuclei are formed, the CYTOPLASM completes division, and the CHROMOSOMES lose their distinctness and are transformed into CHROMATIN threads.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

A mild form of LIMITED SCLERODERMA, a multi-system disorder. Its features include symptoms of CALCINOSIS; RAYNAUD DISEASE; ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY DISORDERS; sclerodactyly, and TELANGIECTASIS. When the defect in esophageal function is not prominent, it is known as CRST syndrome.

Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.

Chromosome regions that are loosely packaged and more accessible to RNA polymerases than HETEROCHROMATIN. These regions also stain differentially in CHROMOSOME BANDING preparations.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

Elements that are transcribed into RNA, reverse-transcribed into DNA and then inserted into a new site in the genome. Long terminal repeats (LTRs) similar to those from retroviruses are contained in retrotransposons and retrovirus-like elements. Retroposons, such as LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS and SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS do not contain LTRs.

A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.

The mechanisms of eukaryotic CELLS that place or keep the CHROMOSOMES in a particular SUBNUCLEAR SPACE.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

An order of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota that multiply by budding. They include the telomorphic ascomycetous yeasts which are found in a very wide range of habitats.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

The reciprocal exchange of segments at corresponding positions along pairs of homologous CHROMOSOMES by symmetrical breakage and crosswise rejoining forming cross-over sites (HOLLIDAY JUNCTIONS) that are resolved during CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION. Crossing-over typically occurs during MEIOSIS but it may also occur in the absence of meiosis, for example, with bacterial chromosomes, organelle chromosomes, or somatic cell nuclear chromosomes.

The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.

Male germ cells derived from SPERMATOGONIA. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo MEIOSIS and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to SPERMATIDS.

Staining of bands, or chromosome segments, allowing the precise identification of individual chromosomes or parts of chromosomes. Applications include the determination of chromosome rearrangements in malformation syndromes and cancer, the chemistry of chromosome segments, chromosome changes during evolution, and, in conjunction with cell hybridization studies, chromosome mapping.

Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell.

Structures which are contained in or part of CHROMOSOMES.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

An exchange of segments between the sister chromatids of a chromosome, either between the sister chromatids of a meiotic tetrad or between the sister chromatids of a duplicated somatic chromosome. Its frequency is increased by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation and other mutagenic agents and is particularly high in BLOOM SYNDROME.

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, a REPLICATION ORIGIN, for successful replication, propagation to and maintenance as an extra chromosome in bacteria. In addition, they can carry large amounts (about 200 kilobases) of other sequence for a variety of bioengineering purposes.

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, all elements, such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE; and CENTROMERE, that are required for successful replication, propagation to and maintainance in progeny mammalian cells. In addition, they are constructed to carry other sequences for analysis or gene transfer.

The figwort plant family of the order Lamiales. The family is characterized by bisexual flowers with tubular corollas (fused petals) that are bilaterally symmetrical (two-lips) and have four stamens in most, two of which are usually shorter.

A family of transcription factors that contain regions rich in basic residues, LEUCINE ZIPPER domains, and HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIFS.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

The mechanisms effecting establishment, maintenance, and modification of that specific physical conformation of CHROMATIN determining the transcriptional accessibility or inaccessibility of the DNA.

Mapping of the linear order of genes on a chromosome with units indicating their distances by using methods other than genetic recombination. These methods include nucleotide sequencing, overlapping deletions in polytene chromosomes, and electron micrography of heteroduplex DNA. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 5th ed)

A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.

CIRCULAR DNA that is interlaced together as links in a chain. It is used as an assay for the activity of DNA TOPOISOMERASES. Catenated DNA is attached loop to loop in contrast to CONCATENATED DNA which is attached end to end.

The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. In a normally diploid cell (DIPLOIDY) the loss of a chromosome pair is termed nullisomy (symbol: 2N-2), the loss of a single chromosome is MONOSOMY (symbol: 2N-1), the addition of a chromosome pair is tetrasomy (symbol: 2N+2), the addition of a single chromosome is TRISOMY (symbol: 2N+1).

An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosome replication, repair, or segregation are dysfunctional.

High molecular weight proteins found in the MICROTUBULES of the cytoskeletal system. Under certain conditions they are required for TUBULIN assembly into the microtubules and stabilize the assembled microtubules.

Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of MAMMALS.

All 16 centromere DNAs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae show DNA curvature. (1/2290)

All 16 centromere DNA regions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae including 90 bp framing sequences on either side were cloned. These 300 bp long centromere regions were analysed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and found to display a reduced mobility indicative of DNA curvature. The degree of curvature is centromere dependent. The experimental data were confirmed by computer analysis of the 3-dimensional structure of the CEN DNAs. Altogether these data provide further evidence for a model for budding yeast centromeres in which CEN DNA structure could be important for the assembly, activity and/or regulation of the centromere protein-DNA complex. (+info)

Localization and properties of a silencing element near the mat3-M mating-type cassette of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (2/2290)

Transcription is repressed in a segment of Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosome II that encompasses the mat2-P and mat3-M mating-type cassettes. Chromosomal deletion analysis revealed the presence of a repressor element within 500 bp of mat3-M. This element acted in synergy with the trans-acting factors Swi6, Clr1, Clr2, Clr3, and Clr4 and had several properties characteristic of silencers: it did not display promoter specificity, being able to silence not only the M mating-type genes but also the S. pombe ura4 and ade6 genes placed on the centromere-distal side of the mat3-M cassette; it could repress a gene when placed further than 2.6 kb from the promoter and it acted in both orientations, although with different efficiencies, the natural orientation repressing more stringently than the reverse. Following deletion of this element, two semistable states of expression of the mat3-M region were observed and these two states could interconvert. The deletion did not affect gene expression in the vicinity of the mat2-P cassette, 11 kb away from mat3-M. Conversely, deleting 1.5 kb on the centromere-proximal side of the mat2-P cassette, which was previously shown to partially derepress transcription around mat2-P, had no effect on gene expression near mat3-M. A double deletion removing the mat2-P and mat3-M repressor elements had the same effect as the single deletions on their respective cassettes when assayed in cells of the M mating type. These observations allow us to refine a model proposing that redundant pathways silence the mating type region of S. pombe. (+info)

A new X linked neurodegenerative syndrome with mental retardation, blindness, convulsions, spasticity, mild hypomyelination, and early death maps to the pericentromeric region. (3/2290)

We report on a family with an X linked neurodegenerative disorder consisting of mental retardation, blindness, convulsions, spasticity, and early death. Neuropathological examination showed mild hypomyelination. By linkage analysis, the underlying genetic defect could be assigned to the pericentromeric region of the X chromosome with a maximum lod score of 3.30 at theta=0.0 for the DXS1204 locus with DXS337 and PGK1P1 as flanking markers. (+info)

Short DNA fragments without sequence similarity are initiation sites for replication in the chromosome of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. (4/2290)

We have previously shown that both a centromere (CEN) and a replication origin are necessary for plasmid maintenance in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (). Because of this requirement, only a small number of centromere-proximal replication origins have been isolated from Yarrowia. We used a CEN-based plasmid to obtain noncentromeric origins, and several new fragments, some unique and some repetitive sequences, were isolated. Some of them were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and correspond to actual sites of initiation (ORI) on the chromosome. We observed that a 125-bp fragment is sufficient for a functional ORI on plasmid, and that chromosomal origins moved to ectopic sites on the chromosome continue to act as initiation sites. These Yarrowia origins share an 8-bp motif, which is not essential for origin function on plasmids. The Yarrowia origins do not display any obvious common structural features, like bent DNA or DNA unwinding elements, generally present at or near eukaryotic replication origins. Y. lipolytica origins thus share features of those in the unicellular Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in multicellular eukaryotes: they are discrete and short genetic elements without sequence similarity. (+info)

Analysis of the 10q23 chromosomal region and the PTEN gene in human sporadic breast carcinoma. (5/2290)

We examined a panel of sporadic breast carcinomas for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in a 10-cM interval on chromosome 10 known to encompass the PTEN gene. We detected allele loss in 27 of 70 breast tumour DNAs. Fifteen of these showed loss limited to a subregion of the area studied. The most commonly deleted region was flanked by D10S215 and D10S541 and encompasses the PTEN locus. We used a combination of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and single-strand conformation polymorphism analyses to investigate the presence of PTEN mutations in tumours with LOH in this region. We did not detect mutations of PTEN in any of these tumours. Our data show that, in sporadic breast carcinoma, loss of heterozygosity of the PTEN locus is frequent, but mutation of PTEN is not. These results are consistent with loss of another unidentified tumour suppressor in this region in sporadic breast carcinoma. (+info)

Specific destruction of kinetochore protein CENP-C and disruption of cell division by herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein Vmw110. (6/2290)

Examination of cells at the early stages of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection revealed that the viral immediate-early protein Vmw110 (also known as ICP0) formed discrete punctate accumulations associated with centromeres in both mitotic and interphase cells. The RING finger domain of Vmw110 (but not the C-terminal region) was essential for its localization at centromeres, thus distinguishing the Vmw110 sequences required for centromere association from those required for its localization at other discrete nuclear structures known as ND10, promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) bodies or PODs. We have shown recently that Vmw110 can induce the proteasome-dependent loss of several cellular proteins, including a number of probable SUMO-1-conjugated isoforms of PML, and this results in the disruption of ND10. In this study, we found some striking similarities between the interactions of Vmw110 with ND10 and centromeres. Specifically, centromeric protein CENP-C was lost from centromeres during virus infection in a Vmw110- and proteasome-dependent manner, causing substantial ultrastructural changes in the kinetochore. In consequence, dividing cells either became stalled in mitosis or underwent an unusual cytokinesis resulting in daughter cells with many micronuclei. These results emphasize the importance of CENP-C for mitotic progression and suggest that Vmw110 may be interfering with biochemical mechanisms which are relevant to both centromeres and ND10. (+info)

Dynamic repositioning of genes in the nucleus of lymphocytes preparing for cell division. (7/2290)

We show that several transcriptionally inactive genes localize to centromeric heterochromatin in the nucleus of cycling but not quiescent (noncycling) primary B lymphocytes. In quiescent cells, centromeric repositioning of inactive loci was induced after mitogenic stimulation. A dynamic repositioning of selected genes was also observed in developing T cells. Rag and TdT loci were shown to relocate to centromeric domains following heritable gene silencing in primary CD4+8+ thymocytes, but not in a phenotypically similar cell line in which silencing occurred but was not heritable. Collectively, these data indicate that the spatial organization of genes in cycling and noncycling lymphocytes is different and that locus repositioning may be a feature of heritable gene silencing. (+info)

Probing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromeric DNA (CEN DNA)-binding factor 3 (CBF3) kinetochore complex by using atomic force microscopy. (8/2290)

Yeast centromeric DNA (CEN DNA) binding factor 3 (CBF3) is a multisubunit protein complex that binds to the essential CDEIII element in CEN DNA. The four CBF3 proteins are required for accurate chromosome segregation and are considered to be core components of the yeast kinetochore. We have examined the structure of the CBF3-CEN DNA complex by atomic force microscopy. Assembly of CBF3-CEN DNA complexes was performed by combining purified CBF3 proteins with a DNA fragment that includes the CEN region from yeast chromosome III. Atomic force microscopy images showed DNA molecules with attached globular bodies. The contour length of the DNA containing the complex is approximately 9% shorter than the DNA alone, suggesting some winding of DNA within the complex. The measured location of the single binding site indicates that the complex is located asymmetrically to the right of CDEIII extending away from CDEI and CDEII, which is consistent with previous data. The CEN DNA is bent approximately 55 degrees at the site of complex formation. A significant fraction of the complexes are linked in pairs, showing three to four DNA arms, with molecular volumes approximately three times the mean volumes of two-armed complexes. These multi-armed complexes indicate that CBF3 can bind two DNA molecules together in vitro and, thus, may be involved in holding together chromatid pairs during mitosis. (+info)

A new technique makes it much easier to study centromeres, and look for links to conditions such as Down syndrome. ... The centromere is the structure at the center of every X-shaped chromosome, where cells attached the long, thin spindles that ... The centromere is the structure at the center of every X-shaped chromosome, where cells attached the long, thin spindles that ... A new technique makes it much easier to study centromeres, and look for links to conditions such as Down syndrome. ...

https://eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/156437.php

Protein which binds centromeres or which is required for the assembly and movement of centromeres. Centromeres are the regions ...

https://www.uniprot.org/keywords/KW-0137

The quest to understand the structure and function of the centromere dates back almost a century, when this specialized region ... Rattner, J. B. (1991). The structure of the mammalian centromere. Bioessays. 13, 51-56.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ... Pluta, A., Cooke, C. A. and Earnshaw, W. C. (1990). Structure of the human centromere at metaphase. TIBS. 15, 181-185.PubMed ... Centromere Protein Alpha Satellite Chromosome Movement Centromeric Chromatin Indian Muntjac These keywords were added by ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-84938-1_2

Tag: centromere. Video: Mapping Uncharted Regions of Genomes by Siva Kasinathan. Posted on April 14, 2017. by Robin Banner ...

https://courses.washington.edu/engageuw/tag/centromere/

Centromeres were first thought to be genetic loci that direct the behavior of chromosomes. The physical role of the centromere ... "Regional centromeres" is the term coined to describe most centromeres, which typically form on regions of preferred DNA ... In regional centromeres, DNA sequences contribute to but do not define function. Regional centromeres contain large amounts of ... Point centromeres are smaller and more compact. DNA sequences are both necessary and sufficient to specify centromere identity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centromere

... southpawdesign.net/products/centromere-wireless-keyboard). This keyboard... ... Centromere wireless ergonomic keyboard is now available](https:// ... The Centromere wireless ergonomic keyboard is now available. ... Any chance of a future restock for the Centromere kit? I really like that board and totally missed out on this :( ...

https://www.reddit.com/r/mechmarket/comments/8zr8p0/gb_centromere_wireless_split_ergonomic_keyboard/

centromere (thing). See all of centromere, there is 1 more in this node. ... During anaphase of mitosis and of the second meiotic division, the two chromatids detach at the centromere, each moving to ...

https://everything2.com/user/vivid/writeups/centromere

i was negative for centromere b which causes scleroderma but another test i took tested all centromere antibodies and it didnt ... my question is does anyone have symptoms of sjorgens with centromere antibodies but centromere b negative? i was negative for ... The centromere antibody test is usually run to help diagnose or rule out CREST or scleroderma and to my knowledge it is not at ... this would have to be probably centromeres a or c.. the ana was also positive around 1 :160. so i have two autoimmune diseases ...

https://www.healingwell.com/community/default.aspx?f=12&m=3664695

Centromere-associated protein E is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPE gene. Centromere-associated protein E is a ... Unlike other centromere-associated proteins, it is not present during interphase and first appears at the centromere region of ... "Entrez Gene: CENPE centromere protein E, 312kDa". "OMIM Entry - # 616051 - MICROCEPHALY 13, PRIMARY, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE; ... 1991). "CENP-E, a novel human centromere-associated protein required for progression from metaphase to anaphase". EMBO J. 10 (5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centromere_protein_E

Plant Centromere Biology is dedicated to plant centromere research. Chapters cover the structure of centromeres from several ... Chapter 12 Centromere Evolution 159. Jiming Jiang. Chapter 13 Centromere-Mediated Generation of Haploid Plants 169. ... centromere drive and centromere misdivision. Additional chapters are dedicated to epigenetic modification and evolution of ... Chapter 5 Centromere Synteny among Brachypodium, Wheat, and Rice 57. Lili Qi, Bernd Friebe, and Bikram S. Gill ...

https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Plant+Centromere+Biology-p-9781118525555

Centromere-proximal differentiation and speciation in Anopheles gambiae. Aram D. Stump, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Neil F. Lobo, ... Centromere-proximal differentiation and speciation in Anopheles gambiae. Aram D. Stump, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Neil F. Lobo, ... Centromere-proximal differentiation and speciation in Anopheles gambiae. Aram D. Stump, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Neil F. Lobo, ... Centromere-proximal differentiation and speciation in Anopheles gambiae Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/102/44/15930/tab-article-info

... attaches to the centromeres. In most organisms the position of the centromere is not determined by the DNA sequence. Scientists ... Therefore neo-centromeres might contribute to the emergence of new species.. The insights into the central role of CenH3 for ... Centromeres are specialised regions of the genome, which can be identified under the microscope as the primary constriction in ... Centromeres provide a platform for the development of a protein complex known as the kinetochore. During cell division, the ...

http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1112415890/chromosome-centromeres-are-inherited-epigenetically/

The centromere is a region in the middle of the chromosome involved in cell division and the control of gene expression. ... The centromere is also where kinetochore formation takes place: proteins bind on the centromeres that form an anchor point for ... Centromere proteins are also the autoantigenic target for some anti-nuclear antibodies such as anti-centromere antibodies ... Each chromatid has its own centromere, and the spindle fibers attach to the kinetochore site. The centromere looks like a ...

https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Centromere.html

Centromere-encoded RNAs are integral components of the maize kinetochore. Christopher N. Topp, Cathy X. Zhong, and R. Kelly ... Centromere-encoded RNAs are integral components of the maize kinetochore Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message ... Here, we extend the evidence for RNA-chromatin interactions to the centromere core. The data indicate that maize centromeric ... These data provide evidence for a pool of protected, single-stranded centromeric RNA within the centromere/kinetochore complex. ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/101/45/15986.abstract

Most plant, animal and fungal centromeres also bind a large protein, centromere protein C (CENP-C), that is characterized by a ... Adaptive evolution of centromere proteins in plants and animals.. Talbert PB1, Bryson TD, Henikoff S. ... The nucleosomes of centromeres are characterized by a special H3-like histone (CenH3), which evolves rapidly and adaptively in ... Centromeres represent the last frontiers of plant and animal genomics. Although they perform a conserved function in chromosome ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15345035?dopt=Abstract

Centromeres of mammalian chromosomes.. Willard HF1.. Author information. 1. Department of Genetics, Stanford University, CA ... The centromere is the major cis-acting genetic locus involved in chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis. The mammalian ... centromere is characterized by large amounts of tandemly repeated satellite DNA and by a number of specific centromere proteins ... the data are most consistent with a structural and possibly functional role for satellite DNA in the mammalian centromere. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2087784?dopt=Abstract

The centromere is a special region of a chromosome, usually near the middle. It is where the two identical sister chromatids ... During mitosis the centromeres can be seen during the metaphase stage as a constriction at the chromosome. At this centromeric ... Retrieved from "https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centromere&oldid=6248447" ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centromere

2011 Point centromeres contain more than a single centromere-specific Cse4 (CENP-A) nucleosome. J. Cell Biol. 195: 573-582. ... "Point" Centromeres of Saccharomyces Harbor Single Centromere-Specific Nucleosomes Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a ... "Point" Centromeres of Saccharomyces Harbor Single Centromere-Specific Nucleosomes. Steven Henikoff and Jorja G. Henikoff ... "Point" Centromeres of Saccharomyces Harbor Single Centromere-Specific Nucleosomes. Steven Henikoff and Jorja G. Henikoff ...

https://www.genetics.org/content/190/4/1575

Small RNAs Correspond to Centromere Heterochromatic Repeats Message Subject. (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from ...

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2002/08/22/science.1077183

In most organisms, centromere activity is defined epigenetically, rather than by specific DNA sequ … ... centromeres have come to be defined as chromatin structures that establish the assembly site for the complex kinetochore ... Since discovery of the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A, ... Since discovery of the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A, centromeres have come to be defined as chromatin ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25203206/

Track indicating the location of the centromere sequences. Centromeres are specialized chromatin structures that are required ... Centromere Locations (. All Mapping and Sequencing tracks). Display mode: hide. dense. squish. pack. full. ... Centromere reference models for human chromosomes X and Y satellite arrays. Genome Res. 2014 Apr;24(4):697-707. PMID: 24501022 ... Unlike all previous versions of the human reference assembly, where the centromere regions have been represented by a multi- ...

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTrackUi?hgsid=793694853_5nANL8FvnPCvXH46BoAFlnBCG8C5&c=chr11&g=centromeres

Duplicated chromosomes are attached together at a region called the centromere. The centromere plays an important role in the ... Studying centromere DNA has proven a huge challenge as these sequences are neither necessary nor sufficient for kinetochore ... "Previous research identified a centromere protein called CENP-A as the key upstream factor required for specifying the site of ... Home Blog Entry New insight into chromosome segregation: Centromere-independent kinetochore assembly ...

https://scienceblog.com/44826/new-insight-into-chromosome-segregation-centromere-independent-kinetochore-assembly/

The histone protein CenH3 is both necessary and sufficient to trigger the formation of centromeres and pass them on from one ... attaches to the centromeres. In most organisms the position of the centromere is not determined by the DNA sequence. Scientists ... Therefore neo-centromeres might contribute to the emergence of new species.. The insights into the central role of CenH3 for ... Centromeres are specialised regions of the genome, which can be identified under the microscope as the primary constriction in ...

https://www.mpg.de/4625977/CenH3_centromere_formation

Although the structural features of centromeres from most multicellular eukaryotes remain to be characterized, recent analyses ... Plant centromere organization: a dynamic structure with conserved functions Trends Genet. 2007 Mar;23(3):134-9. doi: 10.1016/j. ... This review article focuses on the structural and evolutionary dynamics of plant centromere organization and the potential ... Although the structural features of centromeres from most multicellular eukaryotes remain to be characterized, recent analyses ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17275131/?dopt=Abstract

Same centromeres as supplied in Chromosome Simulation 10-Station BioKit® (item #171100) and Chromosome Simulation 1-Station ... Magnetic Centromeres, pack/10. Item # 171115 Magnetic Centromeres, pack/10 is rated 2.0 out of 5 by 1. ... Rated 2 out of 5 by JMG1 from These newer versions are much harder to use The older version of the centromere worked much ... Same centromeres as supplied in Chromosome Simulation 10-Station BioKit® (item #171100) and Chromosome Simulation 1-Station ...

https://www.carolina.com/dna-models/magnetic-centromeres/171115.pr

... Author(s). Zlotina, A.; Galkina, S.A.; Krasikova, A.; Crooijmans, R.P.M ... This makes it difficult to determine centromere positions in the genome sequence assembly. Using giant lampbrush chromosomes ... allowed us to map the GGA3 centromere between BAC clones WAG38P15 and WAG54M22 located at position 2.3 and 2.5 Mb, respectively ... the centromeres at the lampbrush stage are detectable by immunostaining with antibodies against cohesin subunits. ...

http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/401835

Compare centromere protein P ELISA Kits from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, prices, citations, reviews, ... centromere protein P ELISA Kits. The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a well-established antibody-based tool for ... Your search returned 24 centromere protein P ELISA ELISA Kit across 3 suppliers. ...

https://www.biocompare.com/pfu/110627/soids/2-52438/ELISA_Kit/ELISA_centromere_protein_P

... centromere explanation free. What is centromere? Meaning of centromere medical term. What does centromere mean? ... Looking for online definition of centromere in the Medical Dictionary? ... centromere. Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. centromere. [sen´tro-mēr] the clear constricted ... centromere. (1) An obsolete term for the neck of the sprematozoon. (2) Centromere; centromerus [NH3].. cen·tro·mere (sentrō- ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/centromere

The centromere is also where kinetochore formation takes place: proteins bind on the centromeres that form an anchor point for ... Centromere proteins are also the autoantigenic target for some anti-nuclear antibodies such as anti-centromere antibodies ... This must be coupled with the inactivation of the previous centromere since chromosomes with two functional centromeres ( ... Centromere (A, B, C1, C2, E, F, H, I, J, K, M, N, O, P, Q, T] ... The centromere is a region, often found in the middle of the ...

https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Telocentric

CENP-H, a constitutive centromere component, is required for centromere targeting of CENP-C in vertebrate cells. Fukagawa, T., ... Associations of Centromere with chemical compounds. *A putative centromere has been identified that has a core region of about ... Anatomical context of Centromere. *We examined the role of CENP-H in centromere function and assembly by generating a ... Psychiatry related information on Centromere. *Mouse ali1 was mapped to a locus approximately 55.3 cM from the centromere on ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/mesh/e/304.html

Centromeres are the regions of replicated eukaryotic chromosomes where the two chromatids are joined together. (uniprot.org)
Centromeres were first thought to be genetic loci that direct the behavior of chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
The physical role of the centromere is to act as the site of assembly of the kinetochores - a highly complex multiprotein structure that is responsible for the actual events of chromosome segregation - i.e. binding microtubules and signalling to the cell cycle machinery when all chromosomes have adopted correct attachments to the spindle, so that it is safe for cell division to proceed to completion and for cells to enter anaphase. (wikipedia.org)
It is now believed that this complex is mostly released from chromosome arms during prophase, so that by the time the chromosomes line up at the mid-plane of the mitotic spindle (also known as the metaphase plate), the last place where they are linked with one another is in the chromatin in and around the centromere. (wikipedia.org)
These are X-shaped chromosomes, with the centromere in the middle so that the two arms of the chromosomes are almost equal. (wikipedia.org)
The quest to understand the structure and function of the centromere dates back almost a century, when this specialized region of the chromosome was first described in 1894 by Metzner as the site at which chromosomes attached to the spindle apparatus (Metzner, 1894). (springer.com)
Integration of human a- satellite DNA into simian chromosomes: Centromere protein binding and disruption of normal chromosome segregation. (springer.com)
Unlike other centromere-associated proteins, it is not present during interphase and first appears at the centromere region of chromosomes during prometaphase. (wikipedia.org)
Additional chapters are dedicated to epigenetic modification and evolution of plant centromeres, and development and application of plant artificial chromosomes. (wiley.com)
Centromeres are specialised regions of the genome, which can be identified under the microscope as the primary constriction in X-shaped chromosomes. (redorbit.com)
The cell skeleton, which distributes the chromosomes to the two daughter cells during cell division, attaches to the centromeres. (redorbit.com)
A centromere functions in sister chromatid adhesion, kinetochore formation, and pairing of homologous chromosomes . (bionity.com)
The centromere is also where kinetochore formation takes place: proteins bind on the centromeres that form an anchor point for the spindle formation required for the pull of chromosomes toward the centrioles during the anaphase and telophase of mitosis. (bionity.com)
When the centromere doesn't function properly, the chromosomes don't align and separate properly, resulting in the wrong number of chromosomes in the daughter cells ( aneuploidy ), and conditions such as Down syndrome , if the cells survive at all. (bionity.com)
The daughter chromosomes will assemble centromeres in the same place as the parent chromosome, independent of sequence. (bionity.com)
Centromeres of mammalian chromosomes. (nih.gov)
We consider possible roles for repetitive DNA sequences found at most centromeres, chromatin factors and modifications that assemble and activate CENP-A chromatin for kinetochore assembly, plus the use of artificial chromosomes and kinetochores to study centromere function. (nih.gov)
Duplicated chromosomes are attached together at a region called the centromere. (scienceblog.com)
During cell division the centromeres split longitudinally, half going to each of the new daughter chromosomes. (thefreedictionary.com)
The centromere contains a complex system of fibres called the kinetochore which becomes duplicated when the chromosomes divide into CHROMATIDS . (thefreedictionary.com)
Damaged chromosomes without centromeres (ACENTRIC CHROMOSOMES ) fail to move normally during nuclear division. (thefreedictionary.com)
The centromere is together with telomeres and origin of replications one of the essential parts of any eukaryotic chromosomes. (wikidoc.org)
In our previous work, it was not determined whether the observed rearrangements were shared in other hybrids of the same type or whether the rearrangements were the result of interchromosomal segmental duplications of centromeric sequences, non-allelic recombination between sequences at centromeres on different chromosomes, or whether they resulted from the transposition and/or amplification of mobile DNA or other repeated DNAs. (genetics.org)
We describe a process in meiotic cells of budding yeast in which chromosomes become joined together in pairs at their centromeres independent of chromosomal homology. (sciencemag.org)
In prophase o mitosis, specialised regions on centromeres cried kinetochores attach chromosomes tae spindle fibers. (wikipedia.org)
Critical to successful cell division is the integrity of the centromere--a region of DNA on each chromosome where the cell division machinery attaches to segregate the chromosomes. (eurekalert.org)
As mitosis progresses, the microtubules align the chromosomes along the mid-line of the cell, then shorten and pull the chromosome pairs at their centromeres to opposite sides of the cell. (eurekalert.org)
If the chromosomes have too many or too few centromeres, or the centromeres are located in the wrong place, proper chromosome segregation fails, and the cell either dies or becomes diseased. (eurekalert.org)
E ukaryotic organisms show wide diversity in the manner by which they organize the centromere/kinetochore of their chromosomes. (rupress.org)
The chromosomes of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have a well-defined point centromere: all centromeric functions are restricted to a short stretch of DNA ∼125 bp in length (for review see Clarke, 1990 ). (rupress.org)
Mammalian centromeres, which contain hundreds of kilobases of repetitive, heterochromatic, α-satellite DNA, are found at the major constriction of mitotic chromosomes where they specify a trilaminar kinetochore. (rupress.org)
Propose that CENP-B plays a dual role in centromere formation, ensuring de novo formation on DNA lacking a functional centromere but preventing the formation of excess centromeres on chromosomes. (antibodies-online.com)
We conclude that CID mislocalization promotes formation of ectopic centromeres and multicentric chromosomes, which causes chromosome missegregation, aneuploidy, and growth defects. (unt.edu)
Chromosomes containing two centromeres are known as dicentric and often mis-segregate during cell division, resulting in aneuploidy or chromosome breakage. (springer.com)
Dicentric chromosome can be stabilized by centromere inactivation, a process which reestablishes monocentric chromosomes. (springer.com)
Centromeres, microtubules, and chromosomes in U2OS cells in the absence ( A and B ) or presence ( C-F ) of VFL. (aacrjournals.org)
The selection regimes that act on CENH3 and CENP-C genes have not been analyzed in organisms with holocentric chromosomes, although holocentrism is speculated to have evolved to suppress centromere drive. (muni.cz)
Aurora A-dependent CENP-A phosphorylation at inner centromeres protects bioriented chromosomes against cohesion fatigue. (sigmaaldrich.com)
We report that Aurora A-dependent phosphorylation of serine 7 of the centromere histone variant CENP-A (p-CENP-AS7) protects bioriented chromosomes against cohesion fatigue. (sigmaaldrich.com)
We propose that Aurora A-dependent phosphorylation of CENP-A at the inner centromere protects chromosomes against tension-induced cohesion fatigue until the last kinetochore is attached to spindle microtubules. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Centromere proteins are a group of proteins which form and/or mediate the function of centromeres, the central structures of chromosomes to which spindle fibers/microtubuli attach and pull the chromosomes apart in cell division. (creativebiomart.net)
Chromosomes associate premeiotically and in xylem vessel cells via their telomeres and centromeres in diploid rice (Oryza sativa). (jic.ac.uk)
The sister chromosomes are pulled apart from a single position called a centromere, and the nucleosomes at this position contain a histone that is different from the histones found everywhere else in the cell. (elifesciences.org)
Centromeres are the genetic loci that organize the proteinaceous kinetochore, which attaches to spindle microtubules to pull the chromosomes to the poles in both mitosis and meiosis. (elifesciences.org)
Mammalian centromeres are embedded within heterochromatin, a specialized chromatin assembled onto repetitive DNA that forms the primary constriction of chromosomes. (embopress.org)
In early mitosis, the bulk of cohesin dissociates from chromosomes, but a small fraction is spared at the centromere providing the ultimate linker between sister chromatid pairs, essential for their proper attachment to the mitotic spindle. (embopress.org)
Although centromeric heterochromatin is important for faithful segregation of chromosomes, its role in maintaining centromere integrity remains elusive. (datadryad.org)
The data obtained demonstrate that the rye and wheat chromosomes studied are involved in genetic regulation of centromere division in meiotic anaphase I (AI). (deepdyve.com)
First, they used BACs that flanked the CentO region from the minimal contig of centromere 8 as FISH probes on spreads of rice pachytene chromosomes, to confirm that the contig included the entire CentO-containing region. (biomedcentral.com)
Next, they performed 'fiber FISH', probing the same chromosomes in the form of stretched DNA fibers, again using the BACs from the minimal contig as probes and with CentO as a probe, to show that the predicted tiling path reflected the correct physical arrangement of the BACs around the centromere. (biomedcentral.com)
This could be a way for chromosomes to sustain mitosis and meiosis when the normal centromere locus is ineluctably undermined by the above mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)

During mitosis, spindle fibers attach to the centromere via the kinetochore. (wikipedia.org)
Disruption of centromere assembly during interphase inhibits kinetochore morphogenesis and function in mitosis. (springer.com)
Identification of novel centromere/kinetochore associated poroteins using monoclonal antibodies generated against human mitotic chromosome scaffolds. (springer.com)
CENP-B: a major human centromere protein located beneath the kinetochore. (springer.com)
Centromeres provide a platform for the development of a protein complex known as the kinetochore. (redorbit.com)
Each chromatid has its own centromere, and the spindle fibers attach to the kinetochore site. (bionity.com)
However, in budding yeasts the centromere region is relatively small (about 125 bp DNA) and contains two highly conserved DNA sequences that serve as binding sites for essential kinetochore proteins. (bionity.com)
2004). The presence of CENP-A is believed to be important for the assembly of the kinetochore on the centromere. (bionity.com)
These data provide evidence for a pool of protected, single-stranded centromeric RNA within the centromere/kinetochore complex. (pnas.org)
Recent fluorescence measurements of kinetochore clusters have suggested that this sequence specifies multiple centromere histone 3 (CenH3) nucleosomes. (genetics.org)
THE centromere is the genetic locus that organizes the kinetochore, which attaches to spindle microtubules for regular segregation to the poles at mitosis and meiosis. (genetics.org)
Since discovery of the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A, centromeres have come to be defined as chromatin structures that establish the assembly site for the complex kinetochore machinery. (nih.gov)
Without a centromere and a kinetochore, a chromosome would be lost during cell division. (scienceblog.com)
Studying centromere DNA has proven a huge challenge as these sequences are neither necessary nor sufficient for kinetochore assembly. (scienceblog.com)
Previous research identified a centromere protein called CENP-A as the key upstream factor required for specifying the site of kinetochore assembly," explains senior study author Dr. Iain Cheeseman from the Whitehead Institute and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (scienceblog.com)
In order to gain further insight into the mechanisms that act to direct the assembly of the remaining kinetochore proteins, the Cheeseman lab and their collaborators in the Fukagawa lab at the National Institute of Genetics in Japan analyzed CENP-C and the CENP-T/W complex, DNA-binding proteins that are present at the centromere of vertebrate cells and are required for formation of the kinetochore. (scienceblog.com)
Using an assay that essentially bypasses the centromere and targets the kinetochore to another area, the researchers assessed the requirement of proteins in kinetochore assembly. (scienceblog.com)
During mitotic division, a transient structure called kinetochore is formed on top of the centromeres. (wikidoc.org)
Also acts a component of the CENPA-CAD (nucleosome distal) complex, a complex recruited to centromeres which is involved in assembly of kinetochore proteins, mitotic progression and chromosome segregation. (uniprot.org)
Tethering analysis using various centromere and kinetochore factors, and chromatin modifiers reveals that CENP-C and CENP-I are key connecting factors for kinetochore and CENP-A assembly. (biologists.org)
During mitosis , spindle feebres attach tae the centromere via the kinetochore . (wikipedia.org)
Thin protein fibers, called microtubules stretch out from points on opposite sides of the cell and latch onto a protein complex, called the kinetochore, which is anchored by CENP-A molecules at the centromere. (eurekalert.org)
DmZW10 displays an intriguing cell cycle-dependent intracellular distribution, apparently moving from the centromere/kinetochore at prometaphase to kinetochore microtubules at metaphase, and back to the centromere/kinetochore at anaphase (Williams, B.C., M. Gatti, and M.L. Goldberg. (rupress.org)
While some insects like Drosophila also have a regional centromere/kinetochore ( Goldstein, 1981 ), other insects and some nematodes, including Caenorhabditis elegans , organize holokinetochores with continuous trilaminar plates along the entire length of the chromosome that are visible during mitosis ( Albertson and Thomson, 1982 ). (rupress.org)
In this paper we describe the molecular evolution of one centromere/kinetochore component, originally identified as the protein product of the Drosophila melanogaster gene l(1)zw10 , hereafter called DmZW10. (rupress.org)
The centromere-specific histone variant CENP-A (CID in Drosophila) is a structural and functional foundation for kinetochore formation and chromosome segregation. (unt.edu)
The centromere recruits the proteinaceous kinetochore, which attaches to spindle microtubules during mitosis or meiosis. (nature.com)
In monocentric organisms with asymmetric meiosis, the kinetochore proteins, such as CENH3 and CENP-C, evolve adaptively to counterbalance the deleterious effects of centromere drive, which is caused by the expansion of centromeric satellite repeats. (muni.cz)
These results provide direct evidence in fission yeast of a model, similar to one proposed for mammalian systems, whereby no specific sequence is necessary for centromere function but certain classes of sequences are competent to build the appropriate chromatin foundation upon which the centromere/kinetochore can be formed and activated. (asm.org)
Centromere function requires the proper coordination of several subfunctions, such as kinetochore assembly, sister chromatid cohesion, binding of kinetochore microtubules, orientation of sister kinetochores to opposite spindle poles, and their movement towards the spindle poles. (diva-portal.org)
The structural organization of the centromere is generally multilayered with a heterochromaun domain and a central core/inner plate region, which harbors the outer plate structures of the kinetochore. (diva-portal.org)
The centromere is the chromosomal domain that directs the assembly of the proteinaceous kinetochore, which interacts with spindle microtubules to mediate chromosomal segregation. (plantcell.org)
A research team from the University of Edinburgh (Scotland, UK) recently discovered that the RNA interference (RNAi) orchestrated heterochromatin that flanks the central kinetochore domain at fission yeast centromeres. (antibodies-online.com)
CenH3 nucleosomes have been shown to occupy the centromeres of nearly all eukaryotes studied, and to be necessary for kinetochore formation. (elifesciences.org)
The otr region is known to be heterochromatic and bound by the Swi6 protein whereas the central core region contains an unusual chromatin structure involving the histone H3 variant Cnp1 (S. pombe CENP-A). The central core is the base for formation of the kinetochore structure whereas the flanking region is important for sister centromere cohesion. (diva-portal.org)
The declustering of centromeres in mis6 cells correlated with loss the Ndc80 kinetochore marker protein from the centromeres. (diva-portal.org)
Interestingly the declustered centromeres were still restricted to the nuclear periphery thus revealing a kinetochore-independent peripheral localization mechanism for heterochromatin. (diva-portal.org)
Thus, S. pombe centromeres have two distinguishable domains even during mitosis, and our functional analyses support the previous observations that the kinetochore/central core and the heterochromatin domains have distinct functions both in interphase and mitosis. (diva-portal.org)
Scm3 is essential to recruit the histone h3 variant cse4 to centromeres and to maintain a functional kinetochore. (thebiogrid.org)
The kinetochore is a complex multiprotein structure located at centromeres that is essential for proper chromosome segregation. (thebiogrid.org)

In this chromatin, the normal histone H3 is replaced with a centromere-specific variant, CENP-A in humans (Lodish et al. (bionity.com)
Here, we extend the evidence for RNA-chromatin interactions to the centromere core. (pnas.org)
Centromeres are specialized chromatin structures that are required for cell division. (ucsc.edu)
This immediate activation is probably a consequence of a centromere-targeted epigenetic system that governs the chromatin architecture of the region. (asm.org)
It is becoming increasingly clear that the key factors for assembly and function of the centromere structure are the specialized histories and modified histones which are present in the centromeric heterochromatin and in the chromatin of the central core. (diva-portal.org)
Centromeric chromatin is defined by the presence of CENH3, a centromere-specific H3 variant. (plantcell.org)
Copurification and two-hybrid studies showed that Scm3 and Cse4 interact in vivo, and chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that Scm3, like Cse4, is found associated with centromere DNA. (thebiogrid.org)
Haspin is important for phosphorylating H3T3 at the centromeres during M phase, which is essential for the recruitment of chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) to the centromere of chromatin for the proper progression of mitosis. (ku.edu)

Protein which binds centromeres or which is required for the assembly and movement of centromeres. (uniprot.org)
Centromere-associated protein E is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPE gene. (wikipedia.org)
Centromere-associated protein E is a kinesin-like motor protein that accumulates in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Scientists from the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics in Freiburg have succeeded in demonstrating that the position, function and inheritance of the centromere are determined by the histone CenH3, a DNA packaging protein. (redorbit.com)
For their experiments, the researchers equipped the CenH3 histone with an artificially attached DNA binding domain so that the protein could bind to a DNA region where a centromere does not normally form. (redorbit.com)
The step from a DNA-identified centromere in baker's yeast, in which the position "is set in stone", to a protein-defined centromere position which is easier to change may also play a role in evolution. (redorbit.com)
Most plant, animal and fungal centromeres also bind a large protein, centromere protein C (CENP-C), that is characterized by a single 24 amino-acid motif (CENPC motif). (nih.gov)
Your search returned 24 centromere protein P ELISA ELISA Kit across 3 suppliers. (biocompare.com)
CENPB product is a highly conserved protein that facilitates centromere formation. (antikoerper-online.de)
Zusätzlich bieten wir Ihnen Centromere Protein B Kits (47) und Centromere Protein B Proteine (8) und viele weitere Produktgruppen zu diesem Protein an. (antikoerper-online.de)
Centromere protein B (CENP-B) as a novel interacting partner of HBZ. (antikoerper-online.de)
Additionally we are shipping Centromere Protein B Antibodies (41) and Centromere Protein B Proteins (7) and many more products for this protein. (antibodies-online.com)
Maintaining centromere identity relies upon the persistence of the epigenetic mark provided by the histone H3 variant, centromere protein A (CENP-A), but the molecular mechanisms that underlie its remarkable stability remain unclear. (nature.com)
An S. pombe CENP-B-like protein, Abp1p/Cbp1p, which is required for proper chromosome segregation in vivo, binds in vitro to sites within and adjacent to the modular centromere enhancer, as well as within the centromeric central cores. (asm.org)
We have used two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis to analyze the replication of the chromosomal copies of yeast CEN1, CEN3, and CEN4 and determine the fate of replication forks that encounter the protein-DNA complex at the centromere. (asm.org)
We have analyzed the replication of plasmids containing mutant derivatives of CEN3 to determine whether the replication fork pause site is a result of an unusual structure adopted by centromere DNA or a result of the protein-DNA complex formed at the centromere. (asm.org)
Our findings further suggest that the centromere protein-DNA complex is present during S phase when replication forks encounter the centromere and therefore may be present throughout the cell cycle. (asm.org)
Also at the protein level few centromere proteins are conserved in all of these four organisms and many are unique to the different organisms. (diva-portal.org)
Scm3, an essential Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromere protein required for G2/M progression and Cse4 localization. (thebiogrid.org)
The research presented in this dissertation used N. crassa as a model to focus on characterizing different features of centromeres with an emphasis on the centromere-specific histone H3 (CenH3) protein. (oregonstate.edu)
The CenH3 protein, whose deposition on the genome licenses formation or maintenance of centromeres, shows highly divergent N-terminal regions and a conserved histone fold domain (HFD) in all eukaryotes. (oregonstate.edu)
In prokaryotes, the centromere is a specialized segment of DNA that promotes the assembly of the segrosome upon binding of the Centromere Binding Protein (CBP). (csic.es)
The histone-H3 variant CENtromere-Protein-A (CENP-A) is thought to provide centromere identity and as such must be retained through each cell cycle. (washington.edu)

Point centromeres" bind to specific proteins that recognize particular DNA sequences with high efficiency. (wikipedia.org)
Visualization of centromere proteins CENP-B and CENP-C on a stable dicentric chromosome in cytological spreads. (springer.com)
Identification of a family of three related centromere proteins using autoimmune sera from patients with scleroderma. (springer.com)
Adaptive evolution of centromere proteins in plants and animals. (nih.gov)
The mammalian centromere is characterized by large amounts of tandemly repeated satellite DNA and by a number of specific centromere proteins, at least one of which has been shown to interact directly with centromeric satellite DNA sequences. (nih.gov)
Centromeres are specified epigenetically and contain marks such as the histone 3 variant Cenp-A. In mammalian cells, more than 20 proteins were found to associate with centromeres. (biologists.org)
Maintenance of the Drosophila Cenp-A ortholog, centromere-identifier (Cid), might depend on only two additional centromere proteins, Cenp-C and Cal1. (biologists.org)
We have identified ZW10-related proteins from widely diverse species with divergent centromere structures, including several Drosophilids, Caenorhabditis elegans , Arabidopsis thaliana, Mus musculus , and humans. (rupress.org)
The centromere-associated proteins that bind to centromere DNA and have been implicated in organizing centromere structure in mammals are substantially different from analogous proteins in S . cerevisiae with the possible exception of CENP-C ( Meluh and Koshland, 1995 ). (rupress.org)
Thus, despite the differences in the DNA sequences and the proteins that define a centromere, there is an overall structural similarity between centromeres in evolutionarily diverse eukaryotes. (diva-portal.org)
Data included here represent the first study on centromere-specific proteins in Neurospora, and demonstrate that the central core of the centromeres are heterochromatic, showing enrichment of silent histone marks, which is in contrast to the centromere arrangement in fission yeast. (oregonstate.edu)
Currently, 9 centromere proteins are known and designated CENP-A to CENP-I. Most of the centromere proteins are targets of autoantibodies, the anti-centromere antibodies. (creativebiomart.net)
We sought to understand the role of TOP2A SUMOylation at the mitotic centromeres by identifying specific binding proteins for SUMOylated TOP2A CTD. (ku.edu)
The fraction of the repeats within the homogeneous alphoid array at which CENP-A is recruited with other proteins [ 8 ] to form the centromere has never been analysed in detail. (biomedcentral.com)

In contrast, the "point" centromeres of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are specified by an ∼125-bp sequence that is occupied by a single centromeric nucleosome ( Furuyama and Biggins 2007 ) and attaches to a single spindle microtubule. (genetics.org)
reanalyzed the native ChIP data of Furuyama and Biggins (2007) and argued that their indirect labeling method was not sufficiently sensitive to detect low levels of centromeric nucleosomes that might randomly occupy centromere-flanking regions. (genetics.org)
Although the structural features of centromeres from most multicellular eukaryotes remain to be characterized, recent analyses of the complete sequences of two centromeric regions of rice, together with data from Arabidopsis thaliana and maize, have illuminated the considerable size variation and sequence divergence of plant centromeres. (nih.gov)
Despite the severe suppression of meiotic chromosomal exchange in centromeric and pericentromeric regions of rice, the centromere core shows high rates of unequal homologous recombination in the absence of chromosomal exchange, resulting in frequent and extensive DNA rearrangement. (nih.gov)
Not only is the sequence of centromeric tandem and non-tandem repeats highly variable but also the copy number, spacing, order and orientation, providing ample natural variation as the basis for selection of superior centromere performance. (nih.gov)
This review article focuses on the structural and evolutionary dynamics of plant centromere organization and the potential molecular mechanisms responsible for the rapid changes of centromeric components. (nih.gov)
However, the authors now demonstrate that, in these cells, there are five different centromere states, some of which include turnover or reduction in centromeric Cid. (biologists.org)
CENP-A nucleosome retention at centromeres requires a core centromeric nucleosome complex where CENP-C clamps down a stable nucleosome conformation and CENP-N fastens CENP-A to the DNA. (nature.com)
The centromere enhancer is a functionally important DNA region within the Schizosaccharomyces pombe centromeric K-type repeat. (asm.org)
We have previously shown that addition of the enhancer and cen2 centromeric central core to a circular minichromosome is sufficient to impart appreciable centromere function. (asm.org)
A more detailed analysis of the enhancer shows that it is dispensable for centromere function in a cen1-derived minichromosome containing the central core and the remainder of the K-type repeat, indicating that the critical centromeric K-type repeat, like the central core, is characterized by functional redundancy. (asm.org)
The centromeric enhancer is required, however, for a central core-carrying minichromosome to exhibit immediate centromere activity when the circular DNA is introduced via transformation into S. pombe. (asm.org)
The centromere drive model explaining rapid evolution of eukaryotic centromeres predicts higher frequency of positive selection acting on centromeric histone H3 (CenH3) in clades with asymmetric meiosis compared to the clades with only symmetric meiosis. (muni.cz)
The presence of two distinct types of centromeres, coupled with the boom-and-bust cycles of centromeric satellite repeats in Solanum species, suggests that repeat-based centromeres can rapidly evolve from neocentromeres by de novo amplification and insertion of satellite repeats in the CENH3 domains. (plantcell.org)
suggesting that the centromeric satellite repeats are intrinsic for centromere function. (plantcell.org)
Further, studies from humans, flies, yeast and plants have shown that the inheritance of centromeres is not strictly guided by centromeric DNA content, which is highly AT-rich, repetitive and constantly evolving. (oregonstate.edu)
There is general agreement in the centromere field that the central determinant of centromere identity and propagation is the special centromeric nucleosome containing the cenH3 (CENP-A in mammals and Cse4 in budding yeast) histone variant ( Quenet and Dalal, 2012 ). (elifesciences.org)
However, the mechanism of Haspin localization on the centromere to target centromeric H3T3 was not clearly understood. (ku.edu)
We determined that Haspin is enriched at the centromeres of sister chromatids with TOP2A in a SUMO-dependent manner in mitotic XEE as interruption of SUMOylation caused a reduction in Haspin's centromeric localization as well as in centromeric H3T3 phosphorylation (H3T3p). (ku.edu)
We propose a model in which Ndc10/Scm3 binds to centromeric DNA, which is in turn essential for targeting Cse4 to centromeres. (thebiogrid.org)
The two groups screened BAC libraries, created as part of the ongoing effort to sequence the rice genome, with centromere-specific elements as probes, and then 'walked' from BAC to adjacent BAC, by virtue of overlapping sequence at their ends, so as to form a minimal tiling path, or contig, spanning the genetically defined centromeric region. (biomedcentral.com)

Although they perform a conserved function in chromosome segregation, centromeres are typically composed of repetitive satellite sequences that are rapidly evolving. (nih.gov)
The centromere is the major cis-acting genetic locus involved in chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis. (nih.gov)
Although direct functional assays of chromosome segregation are still lacking, the data are most consistent with a structural and possibly functional role for satellite DNA in the mammalian centromere. (nih.gov)
The maintenance of one - and only one - functional centromere per chromosome during cell proliferation is crucial for accurate chromosome segregation. (biologists.org)
Having one and only one centromere per chromosome is essential for proper chromosome segregation during both mitosis and meiosis. (springer.com)
A motorless version of MCAK that binds centromeres but not microtubules disrupts chromosome segregation during anaphase. (rupress.org)
The centromere is a rigid, gene-silent heterochromatin region and is essential for faithful chromosome segregation. (usc.edu)
Tani, Tokio 2018-01-01 00:00:00 Satellite I RNA, a noncoding (nc)RNA transcribed from repetitive regions in human centromeres, binds to Aurora kinase B and forms a ncRNP complex required for chromosome segregation. (deepdyve.com)
It was previously shown that interruption of SUMOylation through the addition of the dominant negative E2 SUMO conjugating enzyme Ubc9 in mitosis causes abnormal chromosome segregation in Xenopus laevis egg extract (XEE) cell-free assays, and DNA topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) was identified as a substrate for SUMOylation at the mitotic centromeres. (ku.edu)
Centromeres are fundamental to eukaryotic cell division, required for establishing kinetochores tofacilitate faithful microtubule based chromosome segregation. (washington.edu)

The signal for formation of a regional centromere appears to be epigenetic. (wikipedia.org)
A particularly promising candidate for this kind of epigenetic centromere marking is a variant form of the H3 histone known as CenH3. (redorbit.com)
Epigenetic inheritance plays a major role in specifying the centromere in most organisms. (bionity.com)
This diagram depicts the epigenetic inheritance of centromeres, as it occurs in higher organisms with a cell nucleus. (mpg.de)
This leads to recruitment and spreading of endogenous CenH3 (blue) into neighbouring regions, an important property that allows the self-propagation of the epigenetic centromere mark. (mpg.de)
It is also hypothesized that CENP-A acts as an epigenetic mark to maintain centromere identity. (jove.com)
In some organisms, centromeres are composed of a euchromatic central core region embedded in a stretch of heterochromatin and the inheritance and maintenance of centromeres are controlled by dynamic epigenetic phenomena. (oregonstate.edu)
These results are the first to quantify centromere epigenetic regulation form zygote to differentiated cells and highlight that CENP-A levels can vary normally in development. (washington.edu)

Regional centromeres" is the term coined to describe most centromeres, which typically form on regions of preferred DNA sequence, but which can form on other DNA sequences as well. (wikipedia.org)
Highly conserved repetitive DNA sequences are present at human centromeres. (springer.com)
In most organisms, centromere activity is defined epigenetically, rather than by specific DNA sequences. (nih.gov)
Track indicating the location of the centromere sequences. (ucsc.edu)
Centromeres aren't circles like they're drawn in the books, they're just repetitie DNA sequences, and they look just like any other part of the chromosome. (biology-online.org)
Moreover, our studies show that two entirely different DNA sequences, consisting of elements derived from two native centromeres, can display centromere function. (asm.org)
The repetitive sequences at the centromere require fork protector Mrc1/Claspin, S phase checkpoint kinase Cds1 and recombinase Rhp51/Rad51 to insure proper centromere reassembly. (usc.edu)
Despite the conserved nature of centromere functions, the molecular genetic definition of the DNA sequences that form a centromere in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and in humans has revealed little conservation at the level of centromere DNA sequences. (diva-portal.org)
By contrast, most newly formed centromeres (neocentromeres) do not contain satellite repeats and instead include DNA sequences representative of the genome. (plantcell.org)
Five potato centromeres ( Cen4 , Cen6 , Cen10 , Cen11 , and Cen12 ) consisted primarily of single- or low-copy DNA sequences. (plantcell.org)
Fission yeast (Saccharomyces pombe) centromere DNA is organized in a central core region flanked on either side by a region of outer repeat (otr) sequences. (diva-portal.org)
While the DNA sequence per se is not essential for centromere localisation along an array, it appears that certain sequences can be selected against. (biomedcentral.com)

The name 'centromere' conjures many ideas from classical biology, but genome projects have had a difficult time defining exactly what is present at the portion of the chromosome responsible for microtubule association and segregation at mitosis and meiosis. (biomedcentral.com)

Most organisms, ranging from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe to humans, have regional centromeres. (wikipedia.org)
They proposed that each S. cerevisiae centromere includes multiple Cse4 nucleosomes, which they likened to regional centromeres. (genetics.org)
Finally, higher plants have yet different regional centromeres that organize kinetochores in a ball and cup-type fashion ( Bajer and Mole-Bajer, 1969 ). (rupress.org)
C. deuterogattii has regional centromeres that contain only transposon relics. (elifesciences.org)

In most eukaryotes, the centromere has no defined DNA sequence . (bionity.com)
In most eukaryotes, centromeres are "regional," comprising arrays of centromere histone 3 (CenH3)-containing nucleosomes that mediate attachment to multiple spindle microtubules. (genetics.org)
Centromeres in most higher eukaryotes are composed of long arrays of satellite repeats. (plantcell.org)
thus, a single repeat dominates all centromeres in most higher eukaryotes. (plantcell.org)
In eukaryotes, the defined loci on each chromosome, the centromeres, accomplish the critical task of correct cell division. (oregonstate.edu)
The complete sequence of rice centromere 8 reveals a small amount of centromere-specific satellite sequence in blocks interrupted by retrotransposons and other repetitive DNA, in an arrangement that is strikingly similar in overall size and content to other centromeres of multicellular eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)

CenH3 arises exclusively in DNA regions at the centromere in various organisms. (redorbit.com)
Patrick Heun's research group at the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics and colleagues from the Helmholtz Research Center in Munich have now discovered that CenH3 alone is sufficient to trigger the formation of the centromere. (redorbit.com)
This ensures that sufficient CenH3 is available at the centromere after each cell division. (redorbit.com)
The insights into the central role of CenH3 for centromere identity could also prove important for medicine. (redorbit.com)
The nucleosomes of centromeres are characterized by a special H3-like histone (CenH3), which evolves rapidly and adaptively in Drosophila and Arabidopsis. (nih.gov)
However, high-resolution mapping demonstrates that there is only one CenH3 nucleosome per centromere, providing biochemical confirmation of the point centromere model. (genetics.org)
We have found that CenH3 has been evolving adaptively much more frequently in clades with asymmetric meiosis compared with clades displaying only symmetric meiosis which confirms the prediction of centromere drive model. (muni.cz)
Our findings indicate that the evolution of asymmetric meiosis required CenH3 to evolve adaptively more often to counterbalance the negative consequences of centromere drive. (muni.cz)
The results from this experimental approach provide good measures for (1) determining the specific regions of CenH3 required for the assembly of centromeres during meiotic and mitotic cell divisions and (2) analyzing the resistance to changes in the organization of centromeres in N. crassa. (oregonstate.edu)
The genetic analysis showed that the divergent N-terminal region is essential for the proper assembly of centromeres, and that the conserved carboxy-terminus of CenH3 is important for the process of meiosis but not mitotic cell division. (oregonstate.edu)
ChIP-seq analyses suggest that the observed loss of Podospora anserina CenH3 (PaCenH3- GFP) from certain N. crassa centromeres does not result in obvious phenotypic defects, e.g. diminished growth or evidence for aneuploidy. (oregonstate.edu)
Together the results presented here suggest that during meiosis more stringent structural requirements for centromere assembly apply and that these are dependent on CenH3, and that depletion of CenH3 from centromeres does not critically affect mitosis in the asynchronously dividing nuclei of Neurospora hyphae. (oregonstate.edu)
In budding yeast, a single cenH3 (Cse4) nucleosome occupies the ∼120-bp functional centromere, however conflicting structural models for the particle have been proposed. (elifesciences.org)

Molecular cloning of cDNA for CENP-B, the major human centromere autoantigen. (springer.com)
In light of these new findings, we offer perspectives for future studies of human centromere assembly and function. (mdpi.com)
We demonstrate that these reads are sufficient to resolve the linear ordering of repeats within a single satellite array on the Y chromosome, allowing the first complete sequence characterization of a human centromere. (nanoporetech.com)
The recent analysis of the centromere structure in the yeast S. pombe by electron microscopy and detailed immunofluorescence microscopy of Drosophila centromeres have brought to light striking similarities at the overall structural level between these centromeres and the human centromere. (diva-portal.org)

During anaphase of mitosis and of the second meiotic division, the two chromatids detach at the centromere, each moving to opposite sides of the dividing cell. (everything2.com)
Chapter 8 Is the Heterochromatin of Meiotic Neocentromeres a Remnant of the Early Evolution of the Primitive Centromere? (wiley.com)
To explain these remarkable evolutionary features for a single-copy gene that is needed at every mitosis, we propose that CENP-Cs, like some CenH3s, suppress meiotic drive of centromeres during female meiosis. (nih.gov)
Trans-Centromere Effects on Meiotic Recombination in the Zebrafish" by Demarest, Bradley L. (questia.com)
We report that lack of crossover along one chromosome arm is associated with high-frequency occurrence of recombination close to the opposing arm's centromere during zebrafish meiotic recombination. (questia.com)

Although the size of centromeres differs between organisms, its organization, and the placement of euchromatic and heterochromatic regions is conserved from the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, to humans, Homo sapiens. (oregonstate.edu)
Here, we found in fission yeast that heterochromatin suppresses gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs) at centromeres. (datadryad.org)

During meiosis in wild-type diploids, centromere couples are initially nonhomologous and then undergo switching until all couples involve homologs. (sciencemag.org)
Regions of synaptonemal complex assembled early in meiosis are often centromere-associated. (sciencemag.org)
Magnetic centromere is used to demonstrate the next phase of mitosis or meiosis. (schoolspecialty.com)
These results support the hypothesis that centromere drive occurs in Nematoda, at least in the telokinetic meiosis of Caenorhabditis. (muni.cz)
Further, the low enrichment of PaCenH3-GFP at certain centromeres is possibly predetermined during meiosis, which results in irreversible and progressive decreases in enrichment. (oregonstate.edu)

The centromere is the specialized DNA sequence of a chromosome that links a pair of sister chromatids (a dyad). (wikipedia.org)
Any piece of DNA with the point centromere DNA sequence on it will typically form a centromere if present in the appropriate species. (wikipedia.org)
In most organisms the position of the centromere is not determined by the DNA sequence. (redorbit.com)
In most organisms the position of the centromere is not determined by the sequence of the DNA building blocks, i.e. the DNA sequence, but epigenetically. (redorbit.com)
The only exception to this rule is the unicellular fungus baker's yeast, in which a specific DNA sequence "encodes" the position of the centromere. (redorbit.com)
The "point" centromere of budding yeast is genetically defined by an ∼125-bp sequence. (genetics.org)
This makes it difficult to determine centromere positions in the genome sequence assembly. (wur.nl)
Without knowing the DNA sequence, the centromeres at the lampbrush stage are detectable by immunostaining with antibodies against cohesin subunits. (wur.nl)
In addition to a bias in sequence classes involved in rearrangement, extensive genome sequence comparisons and comparative cytogenetics now point to specific chromosome features, such as centromeres, that can also influence the number, position, and type of rearrangement. (genetics.org)
Contiguous alpha satellite DNA sequence is absent from the assembled reference genome, limiting current understanding of centromere organization and function. (mdpi.com)
Here, we review the progress in centromere genomics spanning the discovery of the sequence to its molecular characterization and the work done during the Human Genome Project era to elucidate alpha satellite structure and sequence variation. (mdpi.com)
To date, both intrinsic features (that is, those encoded in the sequence of CENP-A, itself) and extrinsic factors (that is, constitutive centromere components that bind directly to CENP-A nucleosomes) have been considered as candidates that contribute to this distinctive stability. (nature.com)
Our results indicate that the orientation and rotational position of the stable hemisome at each yeast centromere is not specified by the functional centromere sequence. (elifesciences.org)
Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using centromere-specific satellite sequence as a probe reveals that their copy number among different rice and maize centromeres varies considerably - almost 30-fold in rice. (biomedcentral.com)
Their work has resulted in the first complete sequence of a normal centromere from a multicellular organism. (biomedcentral.com)
Repeats associated with CENP-A, where the centromere is formed, are subjected to the same evolutionary mechanisms, but constitute minor subsets that exhibit subtle sequence differences from those of the bulk repeats. (biomedcentral.com)

The best characterised point centromeres are those of the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic systems such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been instrumental in dissecting spindle and centromere function in vivo (for review see Hoyt and Geiser, 1996 ). (rupress.org)

Analysis of anti-centromere autoantibodies using cloned autoantigen CENP-B. Proc. (springer.com)
This assay is designed for the semi-quantitative determination of anti-centromere antibodies on the BIO-FLASH system. (inovadx.com)
Anti-centromere antibodies are associated with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (CREST). (humpath.com)
Serum samples of the patients were examined for the presence of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-SS-A/Ro antibodies, anti-SS-B/La antibodies, anti-centromere antibodies (ACA), and anti-HTLV-I antibodies. (ovid.com)
The goal of this study was 1) to evaluate whether anti-centromere antibody(ACA) and anti-topoisomerase antibody(ATA) specific isotype expression and 2) organ involvement associate with the degree of microangiopathy in SSc. (jrheum.org)
Purified IgG derived from Human anti-Centromere positive serum (also known as CREST patient serum) conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate. (antibodiesinc.com)
Anti-Centromere Antibodies are useful as controls in ANA diagnostics and also react with other species including mouse, rat, and hamster. (antibodiesinc.com)
The staining pattern obtained was consistent with the pattern expected for anti-centromere staining. (antibodiesinc.com)

Budding-yeast Cse4 is an essential evolutionarily conserved histone H3 variant recruited to the centromere by an unknown mechanism. (thebiogrid.org)

In untreated cells in anaphase ( B ), sister chromatids and centromeres have separated. (aacrjournals.org)
MCAK overexpression induces centromere-independent bundling and eventual loss of spindle microtubule polymer suggesting that centromere-associated bundling and/or depolymerization activity is required for anaphase. (rupress.org)

Written by an international group of experts in the field, Plant Centromere Biology is a valuable handbook for all plant scientists working on plant genome research. (wiley.com)
Unlike all previous versions of the human reference assembly, where the centromere regions have been represented by a multi-megabase gap, GRCh38 incorporates centromere reference models that provide an initial genomic description derived from chromosome-assigned whole genome shotgun (WGS) read libraries of alpha satellite. (ucsc.edu)
The centromere is the chromosomal locus essential for chromosome inheritance and genome stability. (mdpi.com)
Human centromeres are located at repetitive alpha satellite DNA arrays that compose approximately 5% of the genome. (mdpi.com)
Taken together, these results provide new insights into centromere dynamics that might help to further elucidate the mechanisms that underly genome stability. (biologists.org)
Thus, CENP-A mislocalization is one possible mechanism for genome instability during cancer progression, as well as centromere plasticity during evolution. (unt.edu)
A gene-centromere map was constructed based on 804 female-informative SNPs in 24 linkage groups (2n=48) with a total length of 1251.02cM (initial LG assignment was based on the seabass genome assembly, dicLab v1). (stir.ac.uk)
To investigate impact of centromere loss on the C. deuterogattii genome, either centromere 9 or 10 was deleted. (elifesciences.org)
We find that cleavage patterns at centromeres are unique within the genome and are incompatible with symmetrical structures, including octameric nucleosomes and (Cse4/H4) 2 tetrasomes. (elifesciences.org)
HSV-1 genome subnuclear positioning and associations with host-cell PML-NBs and centromeres regulate LAT locus transcription during latency in neurons. (uni-muenchen.de)

Evaluation of Her-2/neu status in carcinomas with amplified chromosome 17 centromere locus. (thefreedictionary.com)
On the basis of analysis of these nine markers, 34 mutants lacked evidence of any recombination between the centromere and the asm locus. (questia.com)

Many orders of magnitude less DNA is present in the centromere of S . cerevisiae compared with other eukaryotic cells ( Bloom, 1993 ). (rupress.org)

A centromere is the region where sister chromatids join in the double chromosomal structure during mitosis , prophase and metaphase . (bionity.com)
During mitosis the centromeres can be seen during the metaphase stage as a constriction at the chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
Using a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunofluorescence combined with FISH (IF-FISH) on metaphase chromosome spreads, we demonstrate that centromere inactivation has evolved on a neo-Y chromosome fusion in the Japan Sea threespine stickleback fish ( Gasterosteus nipponicus ). (springer.com)
In untreated cells in metaphase ( A ), pairs of sister centromeres are present on sister chromatids. (aacrjournals.org)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization of fixed metaphase cells revealed that the otr regions of the centromere were still held together by cohesion even after the sister kinetochores had separated. (diva-portal.org)

The centromere antibody test is usually run to help diagnose or rule out CREST or scleroderma and to my knowledge it is not at all useful in diagnosing Sjogren's. (healingwell.com)
I have a question about one test, the centromere antibody test. (sclero.org)
If the centromere antibody test is negative, how can you have a 1:320 speckled pattern. (sclero.org)
Centromere antibody is detected as part of our ANA panel . (cmft.nhs.uk)

to study the larger and more complex centromeres found in other organisms, including humans. (elifesciences.org)

The essential histone H3 variant Cse4 plays a crucial role at the centromere in S. cerevisiae, where it replaces histone H3 in that it assembles centromere specific (Cse4-H4)2 tetrameres. (hu-berlin.de)

okay so in addition to having this rare form of autoimmune epilepsy and muscle twitching caused by anti voltage gate potassium antibodies i have antibodies to centromere. (healingwell.com)
i was negative for centromere b which causes scleroderma but another test i took tested all centromere antibodies and it didnt tell me which ones it just said centromere and the level was 677 when normal was less than 100. (healingwell.com)
my question is does anyone have symptoms of sjorgens with centromere antibodies but centromere b negative? (healingwell.com)
i feel like with my eye problems it sounds like sjorgens more than anything else but who the hell knows maybe i just have something that nobody else has :( if anyone can advice me or if they were diagnosed sjorgens with centromere antibodies let me know. (healingwell.com)

Furuyama and Biggins 2007 ), and challenge the simple concept of a point centromere ( Short 2011 ). (genetics.org)

Cse4 enrichment is confined to the CDEs of all 16 yeast centromeres ( Figure 1 ). (genetics.org)
Replication forks pause at yeast centromeres. (asm.org)
We have shown that replication fork pause sites are coincident with each of these centromeres and therefore probably with all yeast centromeres. (asm.org)
Centromere cleavage patterns are compatible with a precisely positioned core structure, one in which each of the 16 yeast centromeres is occupied by oppositely oriented Cse4/H4/H2A/H2B hemisomes in two rotational phases within the population. (elifesciences.org)

Brown W.R.A., Smith M.C.M., Dafhnis-Calas F., Malla S., Xu Z. (2006) Chromosome engineering in DT40 cells and mammalian centromere function. (springer.com)

Sustained spindle tension applied to sister centromeres during mitosis eventually leads to uncoordinated loss of sister chromatid cohesion, a phenomenon known as "cohesion fatigue. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Expression of a non-phosphorylatable version of CENP-A (CENP-AS7A) weakens sister chromatid cohesion only when sister centromeres are under tension, providing the first evidence of a regulated mechanism involved in protection against passive cohesion loss. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Heterochromatin and cohesion protection at human centromeres: the final say of a long controversy? (embopress.org)
Whether heterochromatin plays a role in the protection of centromere cohesion has long been controversial. (embopress.org)

The functional S. cerevisiae centromere consists of three centromere DNA elements (CDEs): CDEI, CDEII, and CDEIII ( Kamakaka and Biggins 2005 ). (genetics.org)
The satellite repeat arrays likely span the entire functional cores of these six centromeres. (plantcell.org)

This obviates the need for any mechanism for coordination between groups of microtubules imbedded in a single S . cerevisiae centromere. (rupress.org)

Even before the genetic consequences of chromosome movement had been demonstrated, it was realized that the centromere was intimately involved in the distribution of nuclear material during cell division. (springer.com)
Our data further suggest that there have been genetic changes to this centromere in the two million years since the formation of the neo-Y chromosome, but it remains unclear whether these genetic changes are a cause or consequence of centromere inactivation. (springer.com)
A genetic technique, tetrad (or octad) analysis has helped to map the centromeres of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa early on. (oregonstate.edu)

Here we ask whether centromere-flanking Cse4 nucleosomes are detected by high-resolution ChIP-seq mapping, which is orders of magnitude more sensitive than the Southern blot-based indirect labeling method used by Furuyama and Biggins (2007) . (genetics.org)
A role for Sas2 at the centromere was further confirmed in that a sas2 deletion (sas2 delta) disrupted the binding of Cse4 to Ctf19. (hu-berlin.de)
Additionally, sas2 delta partially rescued the temperature sensitivity of a cse4-103 mutated strain at elevated temperatures, suggesting a role for Sas2 in improving centromere stability. (hu-berlin.de)
Upon Scm3 depletion, cells undergo a Mad2-dependent G2/M arrest, and centromere localization of Cse4 is perturbed. (thebiogrid.org)

His research focuses on plant molecular cytogenetics, plant centromeres, potato breeding and genomics. (wiley.com)
Therefore, Drosophila is an ideal model system to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underly centromere maintenance and, on page 4782 , Christian Lehner and co-workers set out to analyse the dynamics of Cid, Cenp-C and Cal1 in Drosophila S2R+ cells. (biologists.org)
Now work by Whitehead Institute Member Iain Cheeseman and Kara McKinley, a graduate student in Cheeseman's lab has identified the molecular controls that ensure that CENP-A deposition at centromeres occurs in the right place at precisely the right time. (eurekalert.org)
Although the answer to this question is currently not known, a comparison of the molecular components characterizing various centromere types will clearly be an essential part of the solution. (rupress.org)

Heterochromatin that is characterized by histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation assembles on repetitive regions including centromeres. (datadryad.org)
These results demonstrate that heterochromatin suppresses GCRs by repressing Tfs1-dependent transcription of centromere repeats.Heterochromatin, characterized by histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation, assembles on repetitive regions including centromeres. (datadryad.org)

We found that the centromere derived from the ancestral Y chromosome has been inactivated. (springer.com)
I also found that the centromere is prone to recombination while unprotected by heterochromatin factors. (usc.edu)

The position of the centromere can thus be passed on from one generation to the next. (mpg.de)
The position of the centromere is constant for a specific chromosome and is identified as acrocentric, metacentric, submetacentric, or telocentric. (thefreedictionary.com)

Latent HSV-1 genomes display two major patterns, called "Single" and "Multiple", which associate with centromeres, and with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) as viral DNA-containing PML-NBs (DCP-NBs). (uni-muenchen.de)

Centromeres represent the last frontiers of plant and animal genomics. (nih.gov)

Plant Centromere Biology is dedicated to plant centromere research. (wiley.com)
achieve the download plant centromere biology you are flagged also, or be one you not lost. (weles-suchmaschinenoptimierung.de)
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CENPO encodes a component of the interphase centromere complex. (antikoerper-online.de)

These results demonstrate that heterochromatin suppresses GCRs by repressing Tfs1-dependent transcription of centromere repeats. (datadryad.org)

In Drosophila , centromere complexity is reduced. (biologists.org)

Are Centromeres and Telomeres amplified using REPLI-g WGA? (qiagen.com)
Despite the high processivity of the Phi29 DNA Polymerase, centromeres and telomeres are at a competitive disadvantage during amplification, and drop out. (qiagen.com)

There are, broadly speaking, two types of centromeres. (wikipedia.org)

found that nucleosomes at centromeres are different from other nucleosomes in histone number and arrangement. (elifesciences.org)
DNA replication halves the number of CENP-A containing nucleosomes at centromeres and work in various model systems has shown that new molecules are incorporated outside of S-phaseby a unique mechanism. (washington.edu)

Chapters cover the structure of centromeres from several plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, maize, wheat and beet, while other sections cover several unique characteristics associated with plant centromeres, including classical and modern neocentromeres, centromere drive and centromere misdivision. (wiley.com)
An unknown question in centromere evolution is how satellite repeat-based centromeres evolve from neocentromeres. (plantcell.org)
Thus, these five centromeres structurally resemble neocentromeres. (plantcell.org)
Deletion of either centromere resulted in neocentromere formation and interestingly, the genes covered by these neocentromeres maintained wild-type expression levels. (elifesciences.org)
Background: Evolutionary centromere repositioning and human analphoid neocentromeres occurring in clinical cases are, very likely, two stages of the same phenomenon whose properties still remain substantially obscure. (washington.edu)
We reconstructed the mammalian evolutionary history of this chromosome and characterized two human neocentromeres at 13q21, in search of information that could improve our understanding of the relationship between evolutionarily new centromeres, inactivated centromeres, and clinical neocentromeres. (washington.edu)

May be involved in incorporation of newly synthesized CENPA into centromeres via its interaction with the CENPA-NAC complex (By similarity). (uniprot.org)
Deposition of new CENPA-containing nucleosomes at the centromere. (uniprot.org)

However, there must still be some original way in which the centromere is specified, even if it is subsequently propagated epigenetically. (bionity.com)

In contrast, the third centromere-associated microtubule motor, MCAK, 1 (mitotic centromere-associated kinesin) is detectable on mitotic centromeres through telophase ( Wordeman and Mitchison, 1995 ). (rupress.org)

Consequently, in rare cases, a new centromere can arise as it has already occurred in a closely-related ape species. (redorbit.com)
Therefore neo-centromeres might contribute to the emergence of new species. (redorbit.com)

Particularly in the female germline or any somatic cell types that do not undergo very rapid divisions, maintaining centromere identity between rounds of CENP-A nucleosome assembly is critical for faithful chromosome inheritance. (nature.com)

Regarding mitotic chromosome structure, centromeres represent a constricted region of the chromosome (often referred to as the primary constriction) where two identical sister chromatids are most closely in contact. (wikipedia.org)
The centromere is the strongest and thinnest region of the chromosome. (bionity.com)

The centromere is a region in the middle of the chromosome involved in cell division and the control of gene expression . (bionity.com)
If your gene is further than 5000 bases apart from a centromere or telomere, it should be amplified just fine. (qiagen.com)
Why might my gene of interest drop out during WGA if it is not near a telomere or centromere? (qiagen.com)
Conclusion: We show that a gene-desert region at 13q21 of approximately 3.9 Mb in size possesses an inherent potential to form evolutionarily new centromeres over, at least, approximately 95 million years of mammalian evolution. (washington.edu)

Disrupting the 'arginine anchor' on CENP-C for the nucleosomal acidic patch disrupts the CENP-A nucleosome structural transition and removes CENP-A nucleosomes from centromeres. (nature.com)
In particular, the nucleosome at each yeast centromere contains only one each of the four different histones in an asymmetrical orientation, in contrast to all other yeast nucleosomes, which contain two sets of four histones in a symmetrical arrangement. (elifesciences.org)
Furthermore, each nucleosome at a centromere can adopt one of two orientations: these orientations are mirror images of each other, and they occur with equal probability. (elifesciences.org)

A telocentric chromosome's centromere is located at the terminal end of the chromosome. (wikipedia.org)

The parental complements share the same centric fusions relative to the presumed macropodid ancestral karyotype, but can be differentiated on the basis of heterochromatic content, M. rufogriseus having larger centromeres with large C-banding positive regions. (genetics.org)

The centromere enhancer mediates centromere activation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (asm.org)

Consistent with this observation, p-CENP-AS7 is detected at the inner centromere where it forms a discrete domain. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Live cell imaging indicates that MCAK may be required to coordinate the onset of sister centromere separation. (rupress.org)

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All 16 centromere DNAs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae show DNA curvature. (1/2290)

Localization and properties of a silencing element near the mat3-M mating-type cassette of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (2/2290)

A new X linked neurodegenerative syndrome with mental retardation, blindness, convulsions, spasticity, mild hypomyelination, and early death maps to the pericentromeric region. (3/2290)

Short DNA fragments without sequence similarity are initiation sites for replication in the chromosome of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. (4/2290)

Analysis of the 10q23 chromosomal region and the PTEN gene in human sporadic breast carcinoma. (5/2290)

Specific destruction of kinetochore protein CENP-C and disruption of cell division by herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein Vmw110. (6/2290)

Dynamic repositioning of genes in the nucleus of lymphocytes preparing for cell division. (7/2290)

Probing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromeric DNA (CEN DNA)-binding factor 3 (CBF3) kinetochore complex by using atomic force microscopy. (8/2290)

No images available that match "centromere"

Centromere

Centromere Protein B

Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone

Kinetochores

Chromosome Segregation

DNA, Satellite

Chromosomes

Chromosomes, Fungal

Mitosis

Autoantigens

Heterochromatin

Meiosis

In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence

Chromosomes, Artificial, Human

Schizosaccharomyces

Metaphase

Chromatids

Histones

Chromosomes, Plant

Anaphase

Aurora Kinase B

Spindle Apparatus

DNA, Fungal

Chromatin

Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins

Aurora Kinases

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cell Cycle Proteins

Muntjacs

Chromosomes, Human

Chromosome Pairing

Molecular Sequence Data

Synaptonemal Complex

Chromosome Mapping

Prophase

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins

Base Sequence

Nondisjunction, Genetic

DNA-Binding Proteins

Isochromosomes

Interphase

Nucleosomes

Telomere

Meiotic Prophase I

Fungal Proteins

Telophase

Nuclear Proteins

Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid

CREST Syndrome

Microtubules

Euchromatin

Recombination, Genetic

Retroelements

Zea mays

Chromosome Positioning

Mutation

Saccharomycetales

HeLa Cells

Crossing Over, Genetic

Genes, Fungal

DNA, Plant

Spermatocytes

Chromosome Banding

Karyotyping

Chromosome Structures

Evolution, Molecular

Sister Chromatid Exchange

Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial

Chromosomes, Artificial, Mammalian

Scrophulariaceae

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors

Cell Cycle

Amino Acid Sequence

Plasmids

Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly

Physical Chromosome Mapping

Genetic Markers

DNA, Catenated

Aneuploidy

Chromosomal Instability