Centrioles
Centrosome
Organoids
Cilia
Microtubules
Mitosis
Spindle Apparatus
Tubulin
Cell Cycle Proteins
Chlamydomonas
Orofaciodigital Syndromes
Cell Cycle
Microscopy, Electron
Spermatocytes
Axoneme
Microtubule-Associated Proteins
Flagella
Histology, Comparative
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases
HeLa Cells
Spermatozoa
Prophase
Interphase
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.)
National Institutes of Health (U.S.)
Adolescent Medicine
Government Publications as Topic
Reference Books
Bibliography as Topic
Encyclopedias as Topic
Botany
Physiology
Educational Measurement
Influence of centriole behavior on the first spindle formation in zygotes of the brown alga Fucus distichus (Fucales, Phaeophyceae). (1/575)
The influence of centrioles, derived from the sperm flagellar basal bodies, and the centrosomal material (MTOCs) on spindle formation in the brown alga Fucus distichus (oogamous) was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy using anti-centrin and anti-beta-tubulin antibodies. In contrast to a bipolar spindle, which is formed after normal fertilization, a multipolar spindle was formed in polyspermic zygote. The number of mitotic poles in polyspermic zygotes was double the number of sperm involved in fertilization. As an anti-centrin staining spot (centrioles) was located at these poles, the multipolar spindles in polyspermic zygotes were produced by the supplementary centrioles. When anucleate egg fragments were fertilized, chromosome condensation and mitosis did not occur in the sperm nucleus. Two anti-centrin staining spots could be detected, microtubules (MTs) radiated from nearby, but the mitotic spindle was never produced. When a single sperm fertilized multinucleate eggs (polygyny), abnormal spindles were also observed. In addition to two mitotic poles containing anti-centrin staining spots, extra mitotic poles without anti-centrin staining spots were also formed, and as a result multipolar spindles were formed. When karyogamy was blocked with colchicine, it became clear that the egg nucleus proceeded independently into mitosis accompanying chromosome condensation. A monoastral spindle could be frequently observed, and in rare cases a barrel-shaped spindle was formed. However, when a sperm nucleus was located near an egg nucleus, the two anti-centrin staining spots shifted to the egg nucleus from the sperm nucleus. In this case, a normal spindle was formed, the egg chromosomes arranged at the equator, and the associated MTs elongated from one pole of the egg spindle toward the sperm chromosomes which were scattered. From these results, it became clear that paternal centrioles derived from the sperm have a crucial role in spindle formation in the brown algae, such as they do during animal fertilization. However, paternal centrioles were not adequate for the functional centrosome during spindle formation. We speculated that centrosomal materials from the egg cytoplasm aggregate around the sperm centrioles and are needed for centrosomal activation. (+info)Cell division: The renaissance of the centriole. (2/575)
Centrioles are located at the center of the cytoskeleton and duplicate exactly once per cell cycle. Recent studies suggest that centrioles are required for the organization of a functional centrosome and that centriole assembly requires both gamma- and delta-tubulin. (+info)Rab15 mediates an early endocytic event in Chinese hamster ovary cells. (3/575)
Rab GTPases comprise a large family of monomeric proteins that regulate a diverse number of membrane trafficking events, including endocytosis. In this paper, we examine the subcellular distribution and function of the GTPase Rab15. Our biochemical and confocal immunofluorescence studies demonstrate that Rab15 associates with the transferrin receptor, a marker for the early endocytic pathway, but not with Rab7 or the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, markers for late endosomal membranes. Furthermore, Rab15 colocalizes with Rab4 and -5 on early/sorting endosomes, as well as Rab11 on pericentriolar recycling endosomes. Consistent with its localization to early endosomal membranes, overexpression of the constitutively active mutant HArab15Q67L reduces receptor-mediated and fluid phase endocytosis. Therefore, our functional studies suggest that Rab15 may function as an inhibitory GTPase in early endocytic trafficking. (+info)Components of an SCF ubiquitin ligase localize to the centrosome and regulate the centrosome duplication cycle. (4/575)
Centrosomes organize the mitotic spindle to ensure accurate segregation of the chromosomes in mitosis. The mechanism that ensures accurate duplication and separation of the centrosomes underlies the fidelity of chromosome segregation, but remains unknown. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, entry into S phase and separation of spindle pole bodies each require CDC4 and CDC34, which encode components of an SCF (Skp1-cullin-F-box) ubiquitin ligase, but a direct (SCF) connection to the spindle pole body is unknown. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we show that in mammalian cells the Skp1 protein and the cullin Cul1 are localized to interphase and mitotic centrosomes and to the cytoplasm and nucleus. Deconvolution and immunoelectron microscopy suggest that Skp1 forms an extended pericentriolar structure that may function to organize the centrosome. Purified centrosomes also contain Skp1, and Cul1 modified by the ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8, suggesting a role for NEDD8 in targeting. Using an in vitro assay for centriole separation in Xenopus extracts, antibodies to Skp1 or Cul1 block separation. Proteasome inhibitors block both centriole separation in vitro and centrosome duplication in Xenopus embryos. We identify candidate centrosomal F-box proteins, suggesting that distinct SCF complexes may direct proteolysis of factors mediating multiple steps in the centrosome cycle. (+info)Tubulin polyglutamylase: isozymic variants and regulation during the cell cycle in HeLa cells. (5/575)
Polyglutamylation is a posttranslational modification of tubulin that is very common in neurons and ciliated or flagellated cells. It was proposed to regulate the binding of microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) and molecular motors as a function of the length of the polyglutamyl side-chain. Though much less common, this modification of tubulin also occurs in proliferating cells like HeLa cells where it is associated with centrioles and with the mitotic spindle. Recently, we partially purified tubulin polyglutamylase from mouse brain and described its enzymatic properties. In this work, we focused on tubulin polyglutamylase activity from HeLa cells. Our results support the existence of a tubulin polyglutamylase family composed of several isozymic variants specific for alpha- or beta-tubulin subunits. In the latter case, the specificity probably also concerns the different beta-tubulin isotypes. Interestingly, we found that tubulin polyglutamylase activity is regulated in a cell cycle dependent manner and peaks in G(2)-phase while the level of glutamylated tubulin peaks in mitosis. Consistent results were obtained by treating the cells with hydroxyurea, nocodazole or taxotere. In particular, in mitotic cells, tubulin polyglutamylase activity was always low while glutamylation level was high. Finally, tubulin polyglutamylase activity and the level of glutamylated tubulin appeared to be inversely related. This paradox suggests a complex regulation of both tubulin polyglutamylase and the reverse deglutamylase activity. (+info)Centriolar satellites: molecular characterization, ATP-dependent movement toward centrioles and possible involvement in ciliogenesis. (6/575)
We identified Xenopus pericentriolar material-1 (PCM-1), which had been reported to constitute pericentriolar material, cloned its cDNA, and generated a specific pAb against this molecule. Immunolabeling revealed that PCM-1 was not a pericentriolar material protein, but a specific component of centriolar satellites, morphologically characterized as electron-dense granules, approximately 70-100 nm in diameter, scattered around centrosomes. Using a GFP fusion protein with PCM-1, we found that PCM-1-containing centriolar satellites moved along microtubules toward their minus ends, i.e., toward centrosomes, in live cells, as well as in vitro reconstituted asters. These findings defined centriolar satellites at the molecular level, and explained their pericentriolar localization. Next, to understand the relationship between centriolar satellites and centriolar replication, we examined the expression and subcellular localization of PCM-1 in ciliated epithelial cells during ciliogenesis. When ciliogenesis was induced in mouse nasal respiratory epithelial cells, PCM-1 immunofluorescence was markedly elevated at the apical cytoplasm. At the electron microscopic level, anti-PCM-1 pAb exclusively labeled fibrous granules, but not deuterosomes, both of which have been suggested to play central roles in centriolar replication in ciliogenesis. These findings suggested that centriolar satellites and fibrous granules are identical novel nonmembranous organelles containing PCM-1, which may play some important role(s) in centriolar replication. (+info)Development of the human dispermic embryo. (7/575)
In a recent CD-ROM, we portrayed the microstructure of the pre-implantation human embryo (Sathananthan et al., 1999), which was a multimedia production with computer colour-enhanced electron micrographs of mainly monospermic embryos. This disk portrays light and electron micrographs of over 250 tripronuclear (3PN), dispermic, human embryos during pre-implantation development, viewed in thick and thin Araldite sections, as well as appearances of whole embryos flat embedded in Araldite blocks visualized with the light microscope. The 100 figures were computerized (IBM TIFF format), edited and labelled using Adobe Photoshop 5. Some of the figures were coloured on computer. The early development of 3PN embryos overtly resembles that of normal embryos but there are important differences in their microstructure which are portrayed in this presentation. This is a multicentric study involving researchers from four IVF centres. (+info)Concerning the localization of steroids in centrioles and basal bodies by immunofluorescence. (8/575)
Specific steroid antibodies, by the immunofluorescence technique, regularly reveal fluorescent centrioles and cilia-bearing basal bodies in target and nontarget cells. Although the precise identity of the immunoreactive steroid substance has not yet been established, it seems noteworthy that exogenous steroids can be vitally concentrated by centrioles, perhaps by exchange with steroids already present at this level. This unexpected localization suggests that steroids may affect cell growth and differentiation in some way different from the two-step receptor mechanism. (+info)* Cleft lip and/or palate
* Abnormal facial features such as short or deformed ears, small jaw, or widely spaced eyes
* Missing or deformed teeth
* Short or absent fingers or toes
* Congenital heart defects or other physical abnormalities
The symptoms of OFD can vary in severity and may include one or more of these features. The exact cause of OFD is not known, but it is thought to be related to genetic mutations that occur during fetal development. There is no cure for OFD, but treatment options may include surgery, dental care, and speech therapy to help manage the symptoms.
The term "orofaciodigital" refers to the oral (face and mouth) and digital (fingers and toes) aspects of the syndrome. The condition is usually diagnosed during infancy or childhood, and the prognosis can vary depending on the severity of the symptoms. With appropriate medical care and support, many individuals with OFD can lead active and fulfilling lives.
Centriole
Proximal Centriole-Like
Mitosis
Renata Basto
Sperm motility
Centrosome
Centrosome cycle
Sperm
Infertility
Male infertility
Cdc14
Mónica Bettencourt-Dias
Procentriole
SDCCAG8
Carpediemonas
Flagellum
Centrin
Eukaryote
Basal body
Deuterosome
CEP97
CEP350
Apicomplexa
CCP110
IMOD (software)
Pierre Gönczy
Spindle pole body
Tektin
Microtubule organizing center
Myxozoa
Plus it
Taking Centrioles to the Elimination Round - PubMed
Centriole Facts for Kids
Ofd1, a human disease gene, regulates the length and distal structure of centrioles - PubMed
INTERCELLULAR MIGRATION OF CENTRIOLES IN THE GERMARIUM OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller...
Under supervision of Dr. Sherein Abdelgayed, Poster of Centrioles, Faculty of Physical Therapy, MUC, Egypt, 2022, | Sherein...
Centrioles | Biology Discussion
what do centrioles do » High Education Learning
Investigating the maturation and duplication of mammalian centrioles. - Immunology
Molecular Machines and Tissue Architecture | NHLBI, NIH
Molecular Machines and Tissue Architecture | NHLBI, NIH
SSANA A
Superresolution characterization of core centriole architecture. | J Cell Biol;220(4)2021 04 05. | MEDLINE
Appendages !NEW! The distal appendages (DAPs) of centrioles | Group | The Intractable Prob
Control of Centriole Length by CPAP and CP110 :: MPG.PuRe
Genome-wide analysis provides genetic evidence that ACE2 influences COVID-19 risk and yields risk scores associated with severe...
Drosophila Cep135/Bld10 maintains proper centriole structure but is dispensable for cartwheel formation. - Oxford Neuroscience
Centriole distal-end proteins CP110 and Cep97 influence cartwheel growth at the proximal-end of centrioles - Ludwig Cancer...
The centriole is a multifunctional structure that organizes centrosomes and cilia - nhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Replication
Eukaryotic Cells
Centrosome - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Biology Quiz : Mitosis - Worksheet / Test Paper
Publications - Genetics of Organelle Biogenesis Section - NIDDK
Structure and function of distal and subdistal appendages of the mother centriole | Journal of Cell Science | The Company of...
Delivery services: Failure of centrosome migration causes a loss of motile cilia intalpid3mutants : TALPID3 Controls Centriole...
KEGG T00076: SPCC1682.04
Quiz: Cell Organelles and Their Functions
Centrosomes - LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies | Library of Congress
Fungi
Centrosomes4
- Centrosomes and their component centrioles represent the principal microtubule organizing centers of animal cells. (nih.gov)
- Centrioles make up the core of centrosomes which function as microtubule-organizing centers of the cell. (nih.gov)
- The centriole is a multifunctional structure that organizes centrosomes and cilia and is important for cell signaling, cell cycle progression, polarity, and motility. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- 14. Cdk1 Phosphorylates Drosophila Sas-4 to Recruit Polo to Daughter Centrioles and Convert Them to Centrosomes. (nih.gov)
Duplication15
- CENPJ is a central component of centrioles required for centriole duplication. (nih.gov)
- Investigating the maturation and duplication of mammalian centrioles. (ox.ac.uk)
- Protein Phosphatase 1 Down Regulates ZYG-1 Levels to Limit Centriole Duplication. (nih.gov)
- The E2F-DP1 Transcription Factor Complex Regulates Centriole Duplication in Caenorhabditis elegans. (nih.gov)
- Protein phosphatase 2A-SUR-6/B55 regulates centriole duplication in C. elegans by controlling the levels of centriole assembly factors. (nih.gov)
- Control of mitotic and meiotic centriole duplication by the Plk4-related kinase ZYG-1. (nih.gov)
- Surprisingly, Cep135/Bld10 is not essential for centriole duplication in Drosophila, suggesting either that Cep135/Bld10 is not essential for cartwheel formation, or that the cartwheel is not essential for centriole assembly in flies. (ox.ac.uk)
- Centrosome framework and centriole duplication routine in vertebrates. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- C) Rabbit polyclonal to SLC7A5 Canonical centriole duplication cycle. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- 6. YLT-11, a novel PLK4 inhibitor, inhibits human breast cancer growth via inducing maladjusted centriole duplication and mitotic defect. (nih.gov)
- 9. Plk2 regulated centriole duplication is dependent on its localization to the centrioles and a functional polo-box domain. (nih.gov)
- 16. Playing polo in G1: a novel function of polo-like kinase-2 in centriole duplication. (nih.gov)
- 19. Role of Polo-like Kinases Plk1 and Plk4 in the Initiation of Centriole Duplication-Impact on Cancer. (nih.gov)
- 2023. Architectural basis for cylindrical self-assembly governing Plk4-mediated centriole duplication in human cells. (nih.gov)
- 2020. Requirement of the Cep57-Cep63 interaction for proper Cep152 recruitment and centriole duplication. (nih.gov)
Appendages2
- Our results indicate that Ofd1 acts at the distal centriole to build distal appendages, recruit Ift88, and stabilize centriolar microtubules at a defined length. (nih.gov)
- Younger centrioles absence appendages and also have less abundant PCM. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
Elongation3
- Distinct disease-associated mutations cause different degrees of excessive or decreased centriole elongation, all of which are associated with diminished ciliogenesis. (nih.gov)
- Cdk2 promotes centriole elongation and stops reduplication. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- 15. Ana1 helps recruit Polo to centrioles to promote mitotic PCM assembly and centriole elongation. (nih.gov)
Damage and centriole2
Centrosome is composed2
- 2015). The animal centrosome is composed by two centrioles surrounded by a protein-rich material, the pericentriolar matrix (PCM). (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- A centrosome is composed of two centrioles at right angles to each another. (wikipedia.org)
Cilia1
- 2015). When mature fully, centrioles type a framework termed the basal body CP-673451 manufacturer that's necessary to nucleate a cilium (Fig. 1 A). Cilia features consist of cell motility, motion of liquids, and specific sensory features like a response to light. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
Proteins2
- During G1, Plk4, an initiator of centriole formation, is structured inside a ringlike pattern around the mother centriole along with centrosomal proteins Cep63, Cep152, and Cep192, which aid in Plk4 recruitment. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- These three proteins form the cartwheel towards the proximal wall from the mom centriole perpendicularly. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
Daughter centrioles1
- Distinct mechanisms eliminate mother and daughter centrioles in meiosis of starfish oocytes. (nih.gov)
Mitotic spindle1
- Cellular tubulin, mitotic spindle integrity and centriole number were determined by immunofluorescence for betatubulin and centrin and photographed using fluorescent and confocal laser scanning microscopy. (cdc.gov)
Mitochondria1
- The phrase "lives of a cell" refers to the independent yet interrelated parts of a human cell-including mitochondria, centrioles, and basal bodies-that once led independent lives. (cdc.gov)
Distal4
- Here, we show that the gene underlying orofaciodigital syndrome 1, Ofd1, is a component of the distal centriole that controls centriole length. (nih.gov)
- In the absence of Ofd1, distal regions of centrioles, but not procentrioles, elongate abnormally. (nih.gov)
- Ofd1 is also important for centriole distal appendage formation and centriolar recruitment of the intraflagellar transport protein Ift88. (nih.gov)
- Here, we show that CP110 and Cep97 form a complex close to the distal-end of the centriole MTs whose levels oscillate as the new centriole MTs grow. (ox.ac.uk)
Microtubule2
- Most centrioles are nine sets of microtubule triplets, arranged in a cylinder. (kiddle.co)
- Centrioles perform two distinct cellular functions: (i) they form core components required to build the centrosome and (ii) they form the basal body that templates formation of the cilium, a microtubule-based specialized signaling organelle. (nih.gov)
Centrosomal3
- In starfish, centriole elimination (CE) occurs during centrosomal meiosis via two mechanisms - polar body (PB) extrusion and PCM-loss + Centriole Destruction (CD). (nih.gov)
- Using the degradation of cyclin B, a conserved cascade of centrosomal protein initiates little girl centriole development. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- 11. Cullin 1 functions as a centrosomal suppressor of centriole multiplication by regulating polo-like kinase 4 protein levels. (nih.gov)
Pericentriolar2
- 2016) have begun to shed light on the mechanism of centriole elimination during female oogenesis, highlighting a protective role for Polo kinase and the pericentriolar material. (nih.gov)
- It comprises of two centrioles and the surrounding pericentriolar material. (bvsalud.org)
Cartwheel6
- Drosophila Cep135/Bld10 maintains proper centriole structure but is dispensable for cartwheel formation. (ox.ac.uk)
- Cep135/Bld10 is a conserved centriolar protein required for the formation of the central cartwheel, an early intermediate in centriole assembly. (ox.ac.uk)
- Using electron tomography and super-resolution microscopy we show that centrioles can form a cartwheel in the absence of Cep135/Bld10, but centriole width is increased and the cartwheel appears to disassemble over time. (ox.ac.uk)
- The centriole cartwheel and MTs are thought to grow from opposite ends of these organelles, so it is unclear how they coordinate their assembly. (ox.ac.uk)
- Panel II shows a mix section through the proximal parts of the centrioles with or without cartwheel. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- Centriole CP-673451 manufacturer initiation begins in the G1/S transition by focusing Plk4 to the site of the future child centriole and by forming a ninefold-symmetrical cartwheel, a structure composed of a central hub and nine radially structured spokes and pinheads. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
Polo-like kinase2
Biogenesis3
- Overall, our work uncovers the molecular architecture of the C. elegans centriole in unprecedented detail and establishes a comprehensive framework for understanding mechanisms of organelle biogenesis and function. (biorxiv.org)
- During centriole biogenesis, Ana3 and Rcd4 are sequentially loaded on the newly formed centriole and are required for centriole -to- centrosome conversion through recruiting the Cep135-Ana1-Asterless complex. (bvsalud.org)
- 2020. A self-assembled cylindrical platform for Plk4-induced centriole biogenesis. (nih.gov)
Perpendicularly1
- A pair of centrioles, arranged perpendicularly and surrounded by a mass of dense material makes up the centrosome . (kiddle.co)
Basal1
- Structure of Centrioles: Centrioles are minute-sub-microscopic micro tubular sub cylinders with a configuration of nine triplet fibrils and ability to form their own duplicates, astral poles and basal bodies, without having DNA and a membranous covering. (biologydiscussion.com)
Elegans1
- C. elegans was key in identifying evolutionary conserved components governing assembly of the centriole organelle. (biorxiv.org)
Ninefold2
- Using 3D structured illumination microscopy we show that Cep135/Bld10 is localized to a region between inner (SAS-6, Ana2) and outer (Asl, DSpd-2 and D-PLP) centriolar components, and the localization of all these component is subtly perturbed in the absence of Cep135/Bld10, although the ninefold symmetry of the centriole is maintained. (ox.ac.uk)
- Both centrioles are constructed of nine MT triplets arranged within a ninefold radial symmetry. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
Elongate1
- Little girl centriole MTs elongate during S and G2 stages from the cell routine. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
Ribosomes1
- Furthermore, we establish that the centriole is surrounded by a region from which ribosomes are excluded and to which SAS-7 localizes. (biorxiv.org)
Mammalian1
- 12. Centriole age underlies asynchronous primary cilium growth in mammalian cells. (nih.gov)
Drosophila1
- A cluster of centrioles has been found in the early Drosophila oocyte. (rupress.org)
CP1101
- The CP110/Cep97 oscillation does not appear to time the period of centriole MT growth, but rather the oscillation is entrained by the core Cdk/Cyclin oscillator that drives the nuclear divisions in these embryos. (ox.ac.uk)
Kinase1
- The ZYG-1 kinase, a mitotic and meiotic regulator of centriole replication. (nih.gov)
Stabilize1
- rather, it appears to stabilize the connection between inner and outer centriole components. (ox.ac.uk)
Replication1
- Compared with those from WT mice, primary kidney cells from Cep290-deficient mice exhibited supernumerary centrioles, decreased replication fork velocity, fork asymmetry, and increased levels of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (nih.gov)
Initiation1
- B) Initiation of centriole formation. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
Organelle1
- Centrioles are a kind of cell organelle present near the nucleoplasm. (higheducationlearning.com)
Symmetry1
- Importantly, we discovered that SAS-6 and SAS-4 exhibit a radial symmetry that is offset relative to microtubules, leading to a chiral centriole ensemble. (biorxiv.org)
Electron3
- Here, we used Ultrastructure Expansion coupled with STimulated Emission Depletion microscopy (U-Ex-STED), as well as electron microscopy (EM) and tomography (ET), to decipher the molecular architecture of the worm centriole. (biorxiv.org)
- Electron micrograph of a centriole from a mouse embryo. (kiddle.co)
- Since the oocyte is connected to 15 nurse cells by a system of intercellular bridges or ring canals, the possibility that the cluster of centrioles arose in the germarium from an intercellular migration of centrioles from the nurse cells to the oocyte was analyzed in serial sections for the electron microscope. (rupress.org)
Nucleus1
- Later, these centrioles become located between the oocyte nucleus and the follicle cell border and become aggregated into a cluster less than 1.5 µ in its largest dimension. (rupress.org)
Functions1
- In this article we will discuss about the Structure and Functions of Centrioles. (biologydiscussion.com)
Structure2
- The centriole is a cytoplasmic structure in most eukaryote cells . (kiddle.co)
- Together, our results provide a spatiotemporal map of the centriole core and implications of how the structure might be built. (bvsalud.org)
Cells3
- Initially, all of the 16 cells of the future egg chambers possess centrioles, which are located in a juxtanuclear position. (rupress.org)
- By the time the 16 cell cluster of cells is surrounded by follicle cells (Stage 1), between 14 and 17 centrioles are found in the oocyte. (rupress.org)
- What are Centrioles, and Are They Present in Plant Cells? (higheducationlearning.com)
Mice1
- Remarkably, deleting p53 fully rescued the craniofacial phenotypes in CenpJ-deficient mice, emphasizing p53's role in facial dysmorphology due to centriole loss. (nih.gov)
Opposite2
Cylinder1
- Each centriole is a short cylinder containing nine pairs of peripheral microtubules, arranged so as to form the wall of the cylinder. (nih.gov)
Assembly2
Mother1
- The mother centriole is demonstrated in a cross section. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
Levels1
- The chromatin remodeling protein CHD-1 and the EFL-1/DPL-1 transcription factor cooperatively down regulate CDK-2 to control SAS-6 levels and centriole number. (nih.gov)