AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CarePublication Characteristics
Central Nervous System StimulantsCentral Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System DiseasesTrauma CentersAccidents, TrafficInjury Severity ScoreHallucinogensWounds and InjuriesCentral Nervous System DepressantsBenzodiazepinesAmantadineRimantadineInfluenza A virusInfluenza, HumanParkinson DiseaseAntiparkinson AgentsInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeCaffeineEncyclopedias as TopicEnergy DrinksWakefulnessCacaoSleep DeprivationPsychotropic DrugsAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityMethylphenidateDose-Response Relationship, DrugAmphetamineSchoolsPropylaminesAlcoholics AnonymousSelf-Help GroupsSubstance-Related DisordersTreatment OutcomeGroup HomesAlcoholismPregnanediolAmphetamine-Related DisordersCorpus StriatumCocaine-Related DisordersNuclear Power PlantsDopamineFood Contamination, RadioactiveCocaineDopamine Uptake InhibitorsPlant LeavesEssaysNervous SystemPeripheral Nervous SystemWritingHistory, 20th Century
Central Nervous System Stimulants
A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to increase behavioral alertness, agitation, or excitation. They work by a variety of mechanisms, but usually not by direct excitation of neurons. The many drugs that have such actions as side effects to their main therapeutic use are not included here.
Central Nervous System
The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.
Trauma Centers
Specialized hospital facilities which provide diagnostic and therapeutic services for trauma patients.
Accidents, Traffic
Accidents on streets, roads, and highways involving drivers, passengers, pedestrians, or vehicles. Traffic accidents refer to AUTOMOBILES (passenger cars, buses, and trucks), BICYCLING, and MOTORCYCLES but not OFF-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES; RAILROADS nor snowmobiles.
Injury Severity Score
An anatomic severity scale based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and developed specifically to score multiple traumatic injuries. It has been used as a predictor of mortality.
Hallucinogens
Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations, and other alterations of mood and thinking. Despite the name, the feature that distinguishes these agents from other classes of drugs is their capacity to induce states of altered perception, thought, and feeling that are not experienced otherwise.
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.
Central Nervous System Depressants
A very loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. The major groups included here are ethyl alcohol, anesthetics, hypnotics and sedatives, narcotics, and tranquilizing agents (antipsychotics and antianxiety agents).
Benzodiazepines
A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.
Amantadine
An antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian agent, to treat extrapyramidal reactions, and for postherpetic neuralgia. The mechanisms of its effects in movement disorders are not well understood but probably reflect an increase in synthesis and release of dopamine, with perhaps some inhibition of dopamine uptake.
Rimantadine
An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.
Influenza A virus
The type species of the genus INFLUENZAVIRUS A that causes influenza and other diseases in humans and animals. Antigenic variation occurs frequently between strains, allowing classification into subtypes and variants. Transmission is usually by aerosol (human and most non-aquatic hosts) or waterborne (ducks). Infected birds shed the virus in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces.
Influenza, Human
An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)
Antiparkinson Agents
Agents used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The most commonly used drugs act on the dopaminergic system in the striatum and basal ganglia or are centrally acting muscarinic antagonists.
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS with the surface proteins hemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 1. The H1N1 subtype was responsible for the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918.
Caffeine
A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.
Encyclopedias as Topic
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Energy Drinks
Beverages consumed as stimulants and tonics. They usually contain a combination of CAFFEINE with other substances such as herbal supplements; VITAMINS; AMINO ACIDS; and sugar or sugar derivatives.
Wakefulness
A state in which there is an enhanced potential for sensitivity and an efficient responsiveness to external stimuli.
Cacao
A tree of the family Sterculiaceae (or Byttneriaceae), usually Theobroma cacao, or its seeds, which after fermentation and roasting, yield cocoa and chocolate.
Sleep Deprivation
The state of being deprived of sleep under experimental conditions, due to life events, or from a wide variety of pathophysiologic causes such as medication effect, chronic illness, psychiatric illness, or sleep disorder.
Psychotropic Drugs
A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function. Here the psychotropic agents include the antidepressive agents, hallucinogens, and tranquilizing agents (including the antipsychotics and anti-anxiety agents).
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)
Methylphenidate
A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Amphetamine
A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.
Schools
Educational institutions.
Propylamines
Alcoholics Anonymous
An organization of self-proclaimed alcoholics who meet frequently to reinforce their practice of abstinence.
Self-Help Groups
Organizations which provide an environment encouraging social interactions through group activities or individual relationships especially for the purpose of rehabilitating or supporting patients, individuals with common health problems, or the elderly. They include therapeutic social clubs.
Substance-Related Disorders
Disorders related to substance abuse.
Treatment Outcome
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Group Homes
Housing for groups of patients, children, or others who need or desire emotional or physical support. They are usually established as planned, single housekeeping units in residential dwellings that provide care and supervision for small groups of residents, who, although unrelated, live together as a family.
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)
Pregnanediol
An inactive metabolite of PROGESTERONE by reduction at C5, C3, and C20 position. Pregnanediol has two hydroxyl groups, at 3-alpha and 20-alpha. It is detectable in URINE after OVULATION and is found in great quantities in the pregnancy urine.
Amphetamine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.
Corpus Striatum
Striped GRAY MATTER and WHITE MATTER consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It is located in front of and lateral to the THALAMUS in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and PUTAMEN). The WHITE MATTER is the INTERNAL CAPSULE.
Cocaine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.
Nuclear Power Plants
Facilities that convert NUCLEAR ENERGY into electrical energy.
Dopamine
One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.
Food Contamination, Radioactive
Cocaine
An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.
Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors
Drugs that block the transport of DOPAMINE into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. Most of the ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS also inhibit dopamine uptake.
Plant Leaves
Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)
Essays
Nervous System
The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)
Peripheral Nervous System
The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system has autonomic and somatic divisions. The autonomic nervous system includes the enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic subdivisions. The somatic nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors.
Writing
The act or practice of literary composition, the occupation of writer, or producing or engaging in literary work as a profession.
History, 20th Century
Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

Effects of stimulants of abuse on extrapyramidal and limbic neuropeptide Y systems. (1/2306)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an apparent neuromodulating neuropeptide, has been linked to dopamine systems and dopamine-related psychotic disorders. Because of this association, we determined and compared the effects of psychotomimetic drugs on extrapyramidal and limbic NPY systems. We observed that phencyclidine, methamphetamine (METH), (+)methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and cocaine, but not (-)MDMA, similarly reduced the striatal content of NPY-like immunoreactivity from 54% (phencyclidine) to 74% [(+) MDMA] of control. The effects of METH on NPY levels in the nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra were characterized in greater detail. We observed that METH decreased NPY levels in specific regions of the nucleus accumbens and the caudate, but had no effect on NPY in the globus pallidus or the substantia nigra. The dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390 blocked these effects of METH, suggesting that NPY levels throughout the nucleus accumbens and the caudate are regulated through D1 pathways. The D2 receptor antagonist eticlopride did not appear to alter the METH effect, but this was difficult to determine because eticlopride decreased NPY levels by itself. A single dose of METH was sufficient to lower NPY levels, in some, but not all, regions examined. The effects on NPY levels after multiple METH administrations were substantially greater and persisted up to 48 h after treatment; this suggests that synthesis of this neuropeptide may be suppressed even after the drug is gone. These findings suggest that NPY systems may contribute to the D1 receptor-mediated effects of the psychostimulants.  (+info)

Behavioral, toxic, and neurochemical effects of sydnocarb, a novel psychomotor stimulant: comparisons with methamphetamine. (2/2306)

Sydnocarb (3-(beta-phenylisopropyl)-N-phenylcarbamoylsydnonimine) is a psychostimulant in clinical practice in Russia as a primary and adjunct therapy for a host of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and depression. It has been described as a stimulant with an addiction liability and toxicity less than that of amphetamines. The present study undertook to evaluate the psychomotor stimulant effects of sydnocarb in comparison to those of methamphetamine. Sydnocarb increased locomotor activity of mice with reduced potency (approximately 10-fold) and efficacy compared with methamphetamine. Sydnocarb blocked the locomotor depressant effects of haloperidol at doses that were inactive when given alone. The locomotor stimulant effects of both methamphetamine and sydnocarb were dose-dependently blocked by the dopamine D1 and D2 antagonists SCH 39166 and spiperone, respectively; blockade generally occurred at doses of the antagonists that did not depress locomotor activity when given alone. In mice trained to discriminate methamphetamine from saline, sydnocarb fully substituted for methamphetamine with a 9-fold lower potency. When substituted for methamphetamine under self-administration experiments in rats, 10-fold higher concentrations of sydnocarb maintained responding by its i.v. presentation. Sydnocarb engendered stereotypy in high doses with approximately a 2-fold lower potency than methamphetamine. However, sydnocarb was much less efficacious than methamphetamine in inducing stereotyped behavior. Both sydnocarb and methamphetamine increased dialysate levels of dopamine in mouse striatum; however, the potency and efficacy of sydnocarb was less than methamphetamine. The convulsive effects of cocaine were significantly enhanced by the coadministration of nontoxic doses of methamphetamine but not of sydnocarb. Taken together, the present findings indicate that sydnocarb has psychomotor stimulant effects that are shared by methamphetamine while demonstrating a reduced behavioral toxicity.  (+info)

Light-induced calcium influx into retinal axons is regulated by presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity in vivo. (3/2306)

Visual activity is thought to be a critical factor in controlling the development of central retinal projections. Neuronal activity increases cytosolic calcium, which was hypothesized to regulate process outgrowth in neurons. We performed an in vivo imaging study in the retinotectal system of albino Xenopus laevis tadpoles with the fluorescent calcium indicator calcium green 1 dextran (CaGD) to test the role of calcium in regulating axon arbor development. We find that visual stimulus to the retina increased CaGD fluorescence intensity in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon arbors within the optic tectum and that branch additions to retinotectal axon arbors correlated with a local rise in calcium in the parent branch. We find three types of responses to visual stimulus, which roughly correlate with the ON, OFF, and SUSTAINED response types of RGC reported by physiological criteria. Imaging in bandscan mode indicated that patterns of calcium transients were nonuniform throughout the axons. We tested whether the increase in calcium in the retinotectal axons required synaptic activity in the retina; intraocular application of tetrodotoxin (10 microM) or nifedipine (1 and 10 microM) blocked the stimulus-induced increase in RGC axonal fluorescence. A second series of pharmacological investigations was designed to determine the mechanism of the calcium elevation in the axon terminals within the optic tectum. Injection of bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-AM (BAPTA-AM) (20 mM) into the tectal ventricle reduced axonal calcium levels, supporting the idea that visual stimulation increases axonal calcium. Injection of BAPTA (20 mM) into the tectal ventricle to chelate extracellular calcium also attenuated the calcium response to visual stimulation, indicating that calcium enters the axon from the extracellular medium. Caffeine (10 mM) caused a large increase in axonal calcium, indicating that intracellular stores contribute to the calcium signal. Presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) may play a role in axon arbor development and the formation of the topographic retinotectal projection. Injection of nicotine (10 microM) into the tectal ventricle significantly elevated RGC axonal calcium levels, whereas application of the nAChR antagonist alphaBTX (100 nM) reduced the stimulus-evoked rise in RGC calcium fluorescence. These data suggest that light stimulus to the retina increases calcium in the axon terminal arbors through a mechanism that includes influx through nAChRs and amplification by calcium-induced calcium release from intracellular calcium stores. Such a mechanism may contribute to developmental plasticity of the retinotectal system by influencing both axon arbor elaboration and the strength of synaptic transmission.  (+info)

The Ca2+ channel blockade changes the behavioral and biochemical effects of immobilization stress. (4/2306)

We investigated how the effects of chronic immobilization stress in rats are modified by Ca2+ channel blockade preceding restraint sessions. The application of nifedipine (5 mg/kg) shortly before each of seven daily 2 h restraint sessions prevented the development of sensitized response to amphetamine as well as the stress-induced elevation of the densities of L-type Ca2+ channel in the hippocampus and significantly reduced the elevation of the densities of [3H]nitrendipine binding sites in the cortex and D1 dopamine receptors in the limbic forebrain. Neither stress, nor nifedipine affected the density of alpha 1-adrenoceptors and D1 receptors in the cerebral cortex nor D2 dopamine receptors in the striatum. A single restraint session caused an elevation of blood corticosterone level that remained unaffected by nifedipine pretreatment, but the reduction of this response during the eighth session was significantly less expressed in nifedipine-treated rats. We conclude that L-type calcium channel blockade prevents development of several stress-induced adaptive responses.  (+info)

Effects of impaired Ca2+ homeostasis on contraction in postinfarction myocytes. (5/2306)

The significance of altered Ca2+ influx and efflux pathways on contractile abnormalities of myocytes isolated from rat hearts 3 wk after myocardial infarction (MI) was investigated by varying extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o, 0.6-5.0 mM) and pacing frequency (0.1-5.0 Hz). Myocytes isolated from 3-wk MI hearts were significantly longer than those from sham-treated (Sham) hearts (125 +/- 1 vs. 114 +/- 1 micrometer, P < 0.0001). At high [Ca2+]o and low pacing frequency, conditions that preferentially favored Ca2+ influx over efflux, Sham myocytes shortened to a greater extent than 3-wk MI myocytes. Conversely, under conditions that favored Ca2+ efflux (low [Ca2+]o and high pacing frequency), MI myocytes shortened more than Sham myocytes. At intermediate [Ca2+]o and pacing frequencies, differences in steady-state contraction amplitudes between Sham and MI myocytes were no longer significant. Collectively, the interpretation of these data was that Ca2+ influx and efflux pathways were subnormal in MI myocytes and that they contributed to abnormal cellular contractile behavior. Because Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity, but not whole cell Ca2+ current, was depressed in 3-wk MI rat myocytes, our results on steady-state contraction are consistent with, but not proof of, the hypothesis that depressed Na+/Ca2+ exchange accounted for abnormal contractility in MI myocytes. The effects of depressed Na+/Ca2+ exchange on MI myocyte mechanical activity were further evaluated in relaxation from caffeine-induced contractures. Because Ca2+ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum was inhibited by caffeine and with the assumption that intracellular Na+ and membrane potential were similar between Sham and MI myocytes, myocyte relaxation from caffeine-induced contracture can be taken as an estimate of Ca2+ extrusion by Na+/Ca2+ exchange. In MI myocytes, in which Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity was depressed, the half time of relaxation (1.54 +/- 0.14 s) was significantly (P < 0.02) prolonged compared with that measured in Sham myocytes (1.10 +/- 0.10 s).  (+info)

Modulation of temperature-induced tone by vasoconstrictor agents. (6/2306)

One of the primary cardiovascular adjustments to hyperthermia is a sympathetically mediated increase in vascular resistance in the viscera. Nonneural factors such as a change in vascular tone or reactivity may also contribute to this response. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether vascular smooth muscle tone is altered during heating to physiologically relevant temperatures >37 degrees C. Gradually increasing bath temperature from 37 degrees C (normothermia) to 43 degrees C (severe hyperthermia) produced graded contractions in vascular ring segments from rat mesenteric arteries and thoracic aortae. In untreated rings these contractions were relatively small, whereas hyperthermia elicited near-maximal increases in tension when rings were constricted with phenylephrine or KCl before heating. In phenylephrine-treated mesenteric arterial rings, the contractile responses to heating were markedly attenuated by the Ca2+ channel antagonists nifedipine and diltiazem. Diltiazem also blocked the contractile responses to heating in thoracic aortic rings. These results demonstrate that hyperthermia has a limited effect on tension generation in rat vascular smooth muscle in the absence of vascular tone. However, in the presence of agonist-induced tone, tension generation during heating is markedly enhanced and dependent on extracellular Ca2+. In conclusion, these data suggest that local regulation of vascular tone can contribute to the hemodynamic adjustments to hyperthermia.  (+info)

Five caffeine metabolite ratios to measure tobacco-induced CYP1A2 activity and their relationships with urinary mutagenicity and urine flow. (7/2306)

To choose a sensitive protocol to discriminate populations exposed and not exposed to inducers, five urinary metabolite ratios (MRs) [MR1 (17X + 17U)/137X, MR2 (5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil [AFMU] + 1X + 1U)/17U, MR3 (17X/137X), MR4 (AFMU + 1X + 1U + 17X + 17U)/137X, and MR5 (AFMU + 1X + 1U)/17X] were calculated in 4-5 h and 0-24 h urine samples after caffeine intake. One hundred twenty-five healthy volunteers (59 nonsmokers and 66 smokers) were included in the study. All ratios showed a log-normal distribution. MR2 in the two time intervals was the only ratio nondependent on the urine flow. Differences between nonsmokers and smokers could be detected with all ratios at 4-5 h. However, only MR2 and, to a lesser extent, MR5 allowed the discrimination of higher cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in smokers in the 0-24 h sample. Although smokers had increased urinary mutagenicity in relation to nonsmokers, a significant association between MRs and urine mutagenicity was observed only with MR2 in the 4-5 h interval; this ratio/time schedule being that of higher association with tobacco consumption. The most flow-dependent ratios, MR1, MR3, and MR4, were closely correlated with each other at the two intervals. The flow dependency profile of each ratio may explain their different power to indicate both tobacco exposure and tobacco-derived mutagenicity. In conclusion, MR2 in the period of 4-5 h after caffeine intake seems preferable, especially at high urine flow rates.  (+info)

Necessary role for ventral tegmental area adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A in induction of behavioral sensitization to intraventral tegmental area amphetamine. (8/2306)

In the present study, we investigated the effects of selective activation or inhibition of ventral tegmental area (VTA) adenylate cyclase (AC) and protein kinase A (PKA) on long-term sensitization induced by repeated intra-VTA or peripheral amphetamine (AMPH). Selective inhibition of AC by SQ 22,536 (9-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-9H-purin-6-amine; 100 nmol/side bilateral into VTA) had no effect on acute basal locomotion but attenuated the locomotor stimulation induced by acute i.p. AMPH (1.5 mg/kg). Coinjection of SQ 22,536 (100 nmol/side) fully blocked the sensitization induced by repeated intra-VTA AMPH (15 nmol/side) but had no detectable effect on the sensitization induced by repeated i. p. AMPH. Persistent activation of AC by intra-VTA cholera toxin (500 ng/side) modestly increased acute locomotion and induced a robust sensitization to i.p. AMPH challenge 10 days after the last of three repeated VTA microinjections. Selective inhibition of PKA by Rp-adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate triethylamine (Rp-cAMPS; 25 nmol/side) had no effect on acute basal or AMPH-stimulated locomotion. Coinjection of Rp-cAMPS (25 nmol/side) fully blocked the sensitization induced by repeated intra-VTA AMPH but had no effect on sensitization induced by repeated i.p. AMPH. Intra-VTA microinjection of the selective PKA activator Sp-adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate triethylamine (Sp-cAMPS; 25-100 nmol/side) dose-dependently stimulated acute locomotion and exerted synergistic effects on locomotor activity when coinfused into the VTA with AMPH but had no detectable effect on acute i.p. AMPH-induced locomotion. Repeated intra-VTA Sp-cAMPS did not induce sensitization to AMPH challenge but potentiated the sensitization induced by repeated i.p. AMPH. These results suggest that VTA cAMP signal transduction is necessary for the induction of persistent sensitization to intra-VTA amphetamine and that peripheral and intra-VTA AMPH may not induce behavioral sensitization by identical mechanisms.  (+info)

Cocaine is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant.Cocaine is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant.
Cocaine is derived from the leaves of the Cocoa plant and is one of the must abused drugs today. The side effects of Cocaine can be deadly.
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Ritalin. Ritalin (methylphenidate) is a substance which was developed by experts in a laboratory and patented in 1954. Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation is the company producing ritalin in the U.S. Ritalin is a widely prescribed drug. In the United States of America alone an approximate of 2.5 million individuals, both adults and children, consume Ritalin. This prescribed drug is branded for methylphenidate. Methylphenidate is actually being produced by several companies. The generic drugs produced by other companies are highly similar and are available at a lower cost.. Purpose of Ritalin. Ritalin is mainly used to treat two types of disorders ADD (Attention deficit disorder) and ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Scientists believe that people do suffer from either of the two disorders because they lack some chemicals substances in their brain. The lack of the chemicals hinders proper use of the neurotransmitters (nerves communicating in the brain) and ritalin helps to ...
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Vyvanse: Lisdexamfetamine belongs to the class of medications known as central nervous system stimulants. It is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It works by affecting the balance of natural chemicals in the brain. It helps to increase attention and decrease hyperactivity and impulsiveness in children with ADHD. Lisdexamfetamine should be part of a treatment plan that includes other treatments (e.g., counselling, education).
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Released 3/8/19.. Methamphetamine is a potent central nervous system stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity. It is rarely prescribed over concerns involving human neurotoxicity and potential for recreational use as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant, among other concerns, as well as the availability of safer substitute drugs with comparable treatment efficacy.-wikipedia. Methamphetamine Blush is a dark burgundy red.. Blush comes in a 15g container with a sifter. Measures about 3.5 g by weight.. As with all cosmetics, please test on a small area in case allergies occur!. Swatches by agshells. ...
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Amphetamine salt/powder: Amphetamine is a potent central nervous system stimulant of the phenethylamine class that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy.
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and a methyl group adjacent to the phenyl. A large number of chemicals fall into this category, including the club drug MDMA (Ecstasy) and methamphetamine. It is because of the close association with methamphetamine that amphetamine is mistakenly thought of as speed. It is important to note that such an amphetamine class does not technically exist. Phamacodynamically, these drugs all fall under the umbrella of central nervous system stimulants; chemically, they are phenylethylamines. Amphetamine, for example, is methylated phenylethylamine, and methamphetamine is double methylated phenylethylamine.. Amphetamine traditionally comes in the salt-form amphetamine sulphate and is comprised of 50% l- and 50% d-amphetamine (where l- and d- refer to levo and dextro, the two optical orientations the amphetamine structure can have). In the United States, pharmaceutical products containing solely amphetamine (for example, Biphetamine) are no longer manufactured. Today, dextroamphetamine (d-amphetamine) ...
https://totalhealthrecoveryprogram.com/addiction-info/amphetamines/
Caffeine dependence - WikipediaCaffeine dependence - Wikipedia
Caffeine is a commonplace central nervous system stimulant drug which occurs in nature as part of the coffee, tea, yerba mate and other plants. It is also an additive in many consumer products, most notably beverages advertised as energy drinks. Caffeine is also added to sodas such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi, where, on the ingredients listing, it is designated as a flavoring agent, due to pure caffeine powder having a bitter flavour. Caffeines mechanism of action is somewhat different from that of cocaine and the substituted amphetamines; caffeine blocks adenosine receptors A and A2A. Adenosine is a by-product of cellular activity, and stimulation of adenosine receptors produces feelings of tiredness and the need to sleep. Caffeines ability to block these receptors means the levels of the bodys natural stimulants, dopamine and norepinephrine, continue at higher levels. Mild physical dependence can result from excessive caffeine intake. Caffeine addiction, or a pathological and compulsive form of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine_dependence
Amphetamine powder legit vendors Archives - Pure Chem LapAmphetamine powder legit vendors Archives - Pure Chem Lap
Amphetamine is a potent central nervous system stimulant of the phenethylamine class that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy.. ...
https://purechemlap.com/product-tag/amphetamine-powder-legit-vendors/?_wpnonce=1ca32a2ff7
Dictionary of Cancer TermsDictionary of Cancer Terms
A type of drug that increases the levels of certain chemicals in the brain and increases alertness, attention, energy, and physical activity. CNS stimulants also raise blood pressure and increase heart rate and breathing rate. They are used to treat depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (a disorder in which a person has problems paying attention, controlling actions, and remaining still or quiet), and narcolepsy (a sleep disorder). Also called central nervous system stimulant ...
https://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx?id=450121&version=patient&language=English&dictionary=Cancer.gov
Methamphetamine Decontamination - Risk RemovalMethamphetamine Decontamination - Risk Removal
Methamphetamine is a powerful central nervous system stimulant that is highly addictive. The drug is illegally cooked in makeshift labs from house hold chemicals and over the counter medications. Methamphetamine production and use releases volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including acids, bases, metals, chemical salts, in additional to the meth itself. The VOCs become airborne and are deposited throughout the property and on the contents of buildings.. The presence of these chemicals pose a health risk to those who come into contact with the chemical residues deposited on premise surfaces or contents. Due to these health risks, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) - State Board of Health standards sets re-occupation standards that protect occupants form residual chemicals left from production of use of meth, and define clean up levels for contaminated properties. State regulations require that decontamination be performed by qualified companies with trained and ...
http://riskremoval.com/methamphetamine-decontamination/
Energy drink caffeine for dropping weight - The InstructerEnergy drink caffeine for dropping weight - The Instructer
How to Use Caffeine for Effective Weight Loss. Caffeine helps you lose weight, theres no doubt about it. This is a relevant factor when we consider that caffeine is the most commonly consumed psychoactive drug in the world.. As with any drug, there are risks and rewards associated with consumption. And the effects can be short-lived. From a cup of coffee (or many) to a pot of green tea, this post is going to delve into how to get the greatest health benefits from your caffeine. Well look at how to achieve weight and fat loss with caffeine while avoiding the detrimental side effects.. By the time youre done the reading, youll be an expert on how this stimulant affects the human system. What caffeine does in the body, why it works for weight loss and how to consume it responsibly.. What is Caffeine?. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant.. Its used by millions of people worldwide on a daily basis to increase wakefulness, alleviate fatigue and improve concentration. It has ...
http://www.mountainbikeinstruction.co.uk/energy-drink-caffeine-for-dropping-weight/
Second in a series: stimulants and malnutrition; Counselors must understand symptoms, results of discontinued use. - Free...Second in a series: stimulants and malnutrition; Counselors must understand symptoms, results of discontinued use. - Free...
Free Online Library: Second in a series: stimulants and malnutrition; Counselors must understand symptoms, results of discontinued use. by Addiction Professional; Health care industry Health, general Psychology and mental health Research Amphetamines Caffeine Usage Central nervous system stimulants Complications and side effects Patient outcomes Cocaine Nicotine Stimulants Workaholism
https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Second+in+a+series%3A+stimulants+and+malnutrition%3B+Counselors+must...-a0128443982
Adderll use Archives | Safeway PharmaAdderll use Archives | Safeway Pharma
What Is Adderall? Adderall is a central nervous system stimulant made up of two different chemicals called amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. These chemicals combine to change brain chemistry and help neurotransmitters send messages between nerve cells in the brain. When prescribed by doctors in the U.S. for medical reasons, Adderall can be taken in 5, 7.5, [ā€¦]. Read More. ...
http://safewaypharma.com/tag/adderll-use/
Effect of Nuvigil on Fatigue - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govEffect of Nuvigil on Fatigue - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptoms occurring in peri- and postmenopausal women. It is strongly associated with reduced quality of life in this population. Studies have shown a strong association between fatigue and menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal symptoms, and sexual dysfunction. Because sleep disturbance commonly co-occurs in women with hot flashes as a result of nocturnal hot flashes disrupting sleep, sleep disturbance may explain the association between hot flashes and fatigue in this population. However evidence suggests that fatigue can occur in the absence of sleep disruption, indicating that sleep problems do not exclusively explain the etiology of fatigue in this population.. Armodafinil is a wakefulness-promoting agent that acts as a central nervous system stimulant. It is chemically and pharmacologically unrelated to other CNS stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine. Armodafinil is FDA approved to increase wakefulness in patients with excessive ...
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01460628
Stimulant treatment history predicts frontal-striatal structural connectivity in adolescents with attention-deficit...Stimulant treatment history predicts frontal-striatal structural connectivity in adolescents with attention-deficit...
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has revealed white matter abnormalities in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Stimulant treatment may affect such abnormalities. The current study investigated associations between long-term stimulant treatment and white matter integrity within the frontal-striatal and mesolimbic pathways, in a large sample of children, adolescents and young adults with ADHD. Participants with ADHD (N=172; mean age 17, range 9-26) underwent diffusion-weighted MRI scanning, along with an age- and gendermatched group of 96 control participants. Five study-specific white matter tract masks (orbitofrontal-striatal, orbitofrontal-amygdalar, amygdalar-striatal, dorsolateral-prefrontal-striatal and medialprefrontal- striatal) were created. First we analyzed case-control differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) within each tract. Second, FA and MD in each tract was predicted from cumulative stimulant intake within the ADHD group. ...
https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/168155
HARMFUL DRUG EFFECTS - My BlogHARMFUL DRUG EFFECTS - My Blog
It is also known as coke, is a strong stimulant drug mostly used as a recreational drug. It is commonly inhaled as smoke or injected into a vein. Cocaine is addictive because of its effect on the reward pathway in the brain. Cocaine is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is collected from the leaves of the coca plant. It rises levels of central nervous system and an appetite suppressant, giving rise to what has been described as a euphoric sense of happiness and increased energy. It is a potent central nervous system stimulant. Its effects can last from 20 minutes to several hours, depending upon the dosage of cocaine consumed, purity, and method of administration. Between 14 and 21 million people use the cocaine each year. Cocaine was first isolated from the leaves in 1860. Since 1961 the international Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs has required countries to make recreational use of cocaine as illegal and considered crime.. ...
http://rehabmumbai.in/blog/2017/07/04/harmful-drug-effects/
How Long Methamphetamine Stay in your System - Best Florida Rehab Centers | Florida Detox Alcohol CentersHow Long Methamphetamine Stay in your System - Best Florida Rehab Centers | Florida Detox Alcohol Centers
Methamphetamine or popularly known as meth is a powerful synthetic central nervous system stimulant. It can generate short but rapid euphoric high, causing
http://detoxofsouthflorida.com/methamphetamine-in-the-system/
drug rehab centre in mumbai - My Blogdrug rehab centre in mumbai - My Blog
It is also known as coke, is a strong stimulant drug mostly used as a recreational drug. It is commonly inhaled as smoke or injected into a vein. Cocaine is addictive because of its effect on the reward pathway in the brain. Cocaine is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is collected from the leaves of the coca plant. It rises levels of central nervous system and an appetite suppressant, giving rise to what has been described as a euphoric sense of happiness and increased energy. It is a potent central nervous system stimulant. Its effects can last from 20 minutes to several hours, depending upon the dosage of cocaine consumed, purity, and method of administration. Between 14 and 21 million people use the cocaine each year. Cocaine was first isolated from the leaves in 1860. Since 1961 the international Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs has required countries to make recreational use of cocaine as illegal and considered crime.. ...
http://rehabmumbai.in/blog/tag/drug-rehab-centre-in-mumbai/
Tobacco Use in Teens | PeaceHealthTobacco Use in Teens | PeaceHealth
Nicotine is only one of the thousands of chemicals in tobacco, but it is the major component that acts on the brain. The lungs readily absorb nicotine from the smoke of cigarettes, cigars, or pipes. The tissues of the mouth can also absorb nicotine when a person smokes cigars or pipes or chews tobacco.. Nicotine reaches the brain in seconds and has a direct effect on the body for up to 30 minutes. When a person uses tobacco regularly, the levels of nicotine accumulate in the body during the day and persist overnight, exposing the person to the effects of nicotine for 24 hours.. In the body, nicotine acts as both a central nervous system stimulant and sedative. The person immediately feels the stimulant effect and pleasurable sensation. It increases alertness, relaxes muscles, improves memory and attention, and decreases irritability. The stimulant effect causes a sudden increase in blood pressure, breathing rate, and heart rate. The central nervous system stimulation is followed by depression ...
https://www.peacehealth.org/medical-topics/content/special/uq2423.html
Pipradrol - WikipediaPipradrol - Wikipedia
Pipradrol (Meratran) is a mild central nervous system stimulant (norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor) that is no longer widely used in most countries due to concerns about its abuse potential. Pipradrol is still used in some European countries, and even rarely in the United States. Pipradrol was developed in the 1940s, and found use initially for treating obesity. It was subsequently used for the treatment of a variety of other conditions such as narcolepsy, ADHD, and most particularly for counteracting the symptoms of senile dementia, this being the only application for which it is still used medically.[medical citation needed] Pipradrol proved useful for these applications as its relatively mild stimulant effects gave it a good safety profile compared to stronger stimulants.[medical citation needed] It was also studied as an adjutant treatment for depression and schizophrenia although it was never widely used for these purposes. Pipradrol was made illegal in many countries in the late ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipradrol
amphetamines Archivesamphetamines Archives
Speed (methamphetamine, C10H15N) is a potent and addictive central nervous system stimulant, chemically related to amphetamine, but with greater central nervous system side effects. It is a white, odorless, bitter-tasting powder that easily dissolves.... ...
http://wssrmnn.net/index.php/tag/amphetamines/
Global Caffeine Market Professional Survey Report 2017 - Siegfried, CSPC Pharma, KUDOS, Shandong Xinhua, Aarti Healthcare,...Global Caffeine Market Professional Survey Report 2017 - Siegfried, CSPC Pharma, KUDOS, Shandong Xinhua, Aarti Healthcare,...
Press Release issued Feb 10, 2017: Caffeine is the worlds most popular drug. It is the most commonly consumed psychoactive substance in the world. Caffeine is a substance that is naturally produced in the leaves and seeds of many plants, including coffee beans, guarana, yerba matƩ, cacao beans, and tea. Caffeine is determined as a drug because it is a central nervous system stimulant. It is used to provide a boost of energy, causing increased alertness. Caffeine gives most people a temporary energy boost and elevates mood, and is also used to stay awake longer.
http://www.sbwire.com/press-releases/global-caffeine-market-professional-survey-report-2017-siegfried-cspc-pharma-kudos-shandong-xinhua-aarti-healthcare-tianjin-zhongan-jilin-shulan-shiratori-770116.htm
Meth Mouth-DoctorSpiller.com - DoctorSpiller.comMeth Mouth-DoctorSpiller.com - DoctorSpiller.com
Methamphetamines are in a class of drugs which are termed central nervous system stimulants. This places them in the same class as cocaine, PCP, ecstasy and the newest scourge on the markets, Bath Salts. This classification of drugs causes people to feel more awake and stimulated. The difference is that Meth is like these other drugs on steroids! Methamphetamines cause the following effects on the human body:. Destructive lifestyle. Methamphetamine, popularly shortened to meth and also nicknamed ice or Speed, is addictive. In other words it produces an initial pleasurable effect, followed by a rebound unpleasant effect. It starts with an up and is followed by an unpleasant down which can be avoided by taking more of the drug. The longer the up is maintained, the worse the down feels, and the harder the addict will seek the drug to maintain the high. The harder the addict seeks the drug, the less attention he/she pays to his/her other bodily needs. Addicts stop caring for ...
https://doctorspiller.com/meth-mouth/
CNS Stimulants: Few Interactions, Significant RepercussionsCNS Stimulants: Few Interactions, Significant Repercussions
As with any pharmacologic class, central nervous system stimulants carry the risk of potential drug interactions that can be pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic.
http://contemporaryclinic.pharmacytimes.com/journals/issue/2017/June2017/CNS-Stimulants-Few-Interactions-Significant-Repercussions
Aptensio Xr - Side Effects, Dosage, Interactions - Drugs - Everyday HealthAptensio Xr - Side Effects, Dosage, Interactions - Drugs - Everyday Health
Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant. It affects chemicals in the brain and nerves that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control.
https://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/aptensio-xr
Orphengesic - Central Nervous System Stimulants, Anorexigenic Agents, Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, ATC...Orphengesic - Central Nervous System Stimulants, Anorexigenic Agents, Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, ATC...
Caffeine, a naturally occurring xanthine derivative like theobromine and the bronchodilator theophylline, is used as a CNS stimulant, mild diuretic, and respiratory stimulant (in neonates with apnea of prematurity). Often combined with analgesics or with ergot alkaloids, caffeine is used to treat migraine and other headache types. Over the counter, caffeine is available to treat drowsiness or mild water-weight gain ...
https://pharmacycode.com/Orphengesic.html
MethamphetamineMethamphetamine
Cocaine is a strong central nervous system stimulant. Physical effects of cocaine use, including crack, include constricted blood vessels and increased temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. Users may also experience feelings of restlessness, irritability, and anxiety.10 Smoking crack delivers large quantities of the drug to the lungs, producing effects comparable to intravenous injection. These effects are felt almost immediately after smoking, are very intense, but do not last long.11 For example, the high from smoking cocaine may last from 5 to 10 minutes, while the high from snorting the drug can last for 15 to 20 minutes.12 Evidence suggests that users who smoke or inject cocaine may be at even greater risk of causing harm to themselves than those who snort the substance.. Cocaine smokers may suffer from acute respiratory problems including coughing, shortness of breath, and severe chest pains with lung trauma and bleeding.13 Smoking crack cocaine can also cause particularly ...
https://www.nationalmethhotline.com/methamphetamine/
CAFFEINE, ANHYDROUS (1,3,7-TRIMETHYL-2,6-DIOXOPURINE)CAFFEINE, ANHYDROUS (1,3,7-TRIMETHYL-2,6-DIOXOPURINE)
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a principle member of methylated xanthine alkaloid. Examples of structurally similar substance are theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine) and theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine). Xanthine is a product on the pathway in the degradation of adenosine monophosphate to uric acid by the action of the xanthine oxidase enzyme. Xanthine also occurs complexed with ribose as xanthose. Methylated xanthines are used medicinally as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. They stimulates the heart and central nervous system, dilates bronchi and blood vessels, and causes diuresis. Caffeine is soluble in water and alcohol. It can be obtainable from coffee, tea, yerba mate, and guarana. It acts as an natural insecticide to protect plant themselves. Caffeine is used a central nervous system stimulant, diuretic and chemosterilant agent against stored grain pests. It is also used in the treatment of shock, asthma and heart disease. It is used for cardiac irritation, as a respiratory ...
http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/CAFFEINE,%20ANHYDROUS.htm
Medications for Stopping Cocaine Dependence and Preventing Relapse - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govMedications for Stopping Cocaine Dependence and Preventing Relapse - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Cocaine is a strong central nervous system stimulant that is widely abused throughout the United Sates. Due to its widespread use, it is important to develop an effective treatment for cocaine dependence. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is often effective when combined with drug treatment. Baseline condition (e.g., abstinence status) and population type (e.g., ethnicity and gender) often affect how an individual responds to treatment for drug dependence. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of baseline status and population type on treatment response in cocaine dependent individuals. In addition, this study will examine how various cocaine abuse medications target different neuronal systems, withdrawal symptoms, and relapse to drug use.. This study will take place in two phases. Phase I will last 4 weeks; participants will receive MI and undergo contingency-based urine tests in order to achieve the desired baseline condition. Phase II will last 12 weeks. Participants in Phase ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00218023
Alcohol & Substance Abuse | Pilot Medical Solutions - LeftSeat.comAlcohol & Substance Abuse | Pilot Medical Solutions - LeftSeat.com
The diagnosis or history of: Alcoholism, Substance Dependence, or Substance Abuse is disqualifying in the absence of favorable clinical evidence. According to the FAA, Substance includes: Alcohol; other sedatives and hypnotics; anxiolytics; opiods; central nervous system stimulant such as cocaine, amphetamines, and similarly acting sympathomimetic; hallucinogens; phencyclidine or similarly acting arylcyclohexylamines; cannabis; inhalants; and other psychoactive drugs and chemicals. The FAA defines Substance dependence as: A condition in which a person is dependent on a substance, other than tobacco or ordinary xanthine-containing (e.g., caffeine) beverages as evidenced by: Increased tolerance Manifestation of withdrawal symptoms Impaired control of use; or continued use despite damage to physical health or impairment of social, personal, or occupational functioning These issues typically require documentation of sustained abstinence and a psychiatric evaluation performed in compliance with FAA
https://www.leftseat.com/alcohol-substance-abuse/
Caffeine, artwork - Stock Image C020/5033 - Science Photo LibraryCaffeine, artwork - Stock Image C020/5033 - Science Photo Library
Caffeine molecular model next to a cup of coffee and coffee beans. Caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant. - Stock Image C020/5033
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/587333/view
ADHD medication can slow growth in teenage boys - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comADHD medication can slow growth in teenage boys - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
Dr Alison Poulton from the University of Sydney and her coauthors investigated the influence of stimulant medication on the growth and physical development during puberty of adolescent boys with ADHD.. The study found that prolonged treatment for more than three years with stimulant medication was associated with a slower rate of physical development during puberty.. Our findings suggest that stimulant medication delays the rate of maturation during puberty, including the timing of the peak growth rate, but not the onset of puberty, said Dr Poulton, from Sydney Medical School.. To maintain an adequate rate of growth during puberty we recommend that boys on ADHD stimulant medication should take the lowest dose that adequately treats their ADHD, said Dr Poulton.. The researchers recruited 65 boys aged between 12 and 16 years who had ADHD and had been on stimulant medication for more than three years. Compared with boys without ADHD, boys aged between 12 and 14 years with ADHD had significantly ...
https://www.healthcanal.com/mental-health-behavior/35493-adhd-medication-can-slow-growth-in-teenage-boys.html
Adzenys XR-ODT Side Effects, Uses & DosageAdzenys XR-ODT Side Effects, Uses & Dosage
Generic Name: Amphetamine (am FET a meen) Drug Class: Central Nervous System Stimulant Table of Contents Overview How to Take It Side Effects Warnings & Precautions Drug Interactions Dosage & Missing a Dose Storage Pregnancy or Nursing More Information Overview Adzenys XR-ODT (Amphetamine) affects chemicals in the
https://psychcentral.com/drugs/adzenys-xr-odt/
Dangerous medicine: Americas opioid epidemic isnt the only prescription drug-based crisis killing hundreds of thousands -...Dangerous medicine: Americas opioid epidemic isnt the only prescription drug-based crisis killing hundreds of thousands -...
Natural News) By now, you may have heard that the U.S. is experiencing an opioid epidemic. The number of Americans who overdose on opioids has quadrupled since 1999. More than 500,000 people have died from opioid overdoses from 2010 to 2015. President Donald Trump declared the opioid crisis a national public health emergency in 2017 as CDC numbers reveal 64,000 deaths from opioid overdose in 2016. For many people, the addiction begins with prescription opioids. Over time tolerance builds. In order to numb their bodies and keep a dopamine rush going, many get the pills illegally, start using cheaper street heroin, or overdose on fentanyl hybrids that are up to fifty times stronger than heroin.. As the severity of the crisis gains national recognition, it is important to recognize that this is not the only drug crisis ravaging American families. There is also a psychiatric drug crisis, a central nervous system stimulant crisis (amphetamine for children), an immunization overload crisis, among ...
https://www.naturalnews.com/2017-11-24-dangerous-medicine-prescription-drugs-are-still-drugs.html
acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine - WellSpan Health Libraryacetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine - WellSpan Health Library
Acetaminophen is a pain reliever and a fever reducer. Aspirin is in a group of drugs called salicylates (sa-LIS-il-ATEs). It works by reducing substances in the body that cause pain, fever, and inflammation. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant. It relaxes muscle contractions in blood vessels to improve blood...
https://www.wellspan.org/health-library/Document.aspx?id=d03439a1
acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeineacetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine
Acetaminophen is a pain reliever and a fever reducer. Aspirin is in a group of drugs called salicylates (sa-LIS-il-ATEs). It works by reducing substances in the body that cause pain, fever, and inflammation. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant. It relaxes muscle contractions in blood vessels to improve blood...
https://www.uncrockingham.org/health-library/document-viewer/?id=d03439a1
Caffeine Citrated Prices, Discounts & Coupons | BestRxCaffeine Citrated Prices, Discounts & Coupons | BestRx
Caffeine citrate is a central nervous system stimulant used to treat breathing problems in premature infants. Print coupons and compare prices.
https://drugs.cancerguide.org/drug/caffeine-citrated
Kindkes Scrap Notes: Obesity isnt normalKindkes Scrap Notes: Obesity isnt normal
Kindke this is all so depressing! Makes me even more determined to keep this weight off. What do you think of Lyle McDonalds work? He has added a patch to his stubborn fat solution http://www.bodyrecomposition.com/the-stubborn-fat-solution-patch-1-1/. Its only a booklet and I assume its going to be a hack using some kind of med that either I cant get in my country or will cause interactions with other meds, eg yohimbine, The alternative is - Rauwolscine HCL: targets visceral fat (fat that is stored in the stubborn areas ex- buttocks, stomach and waist). It also acts as a central nervous system stimulant with out the side effects normally associated with strong stimulants (ex- no crash or jitters).* but impossible to get on its own, its always mixed with other thermo ingredients.. ReplyDelete ...
https://kindkehealthnotes.blogspot.com/2015/04/obesity-isnt-normal.html
Buy Online Quality Ephedrine Hydrochloride Cheap PriceBuy Online Quality Ephedrine Hydrochloride Cheap Price
Ephedrine Hydrochloride (Hcl) is a central nervous system stimulant used to treat breathing problems (as a bronchodilator), nasal congestion (as a deco
https://www.amphet.online/product/buy-online-quality-ephedrine-hydrochloride-cheap-price/
3 topics3 topics
Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that has powerful effects on the body. It blocks adenosine receptors, preventing adenosine from binding and calming us down. As a result, caffeine promotes wakefulness and improves performance function in low doses. ...
https://www.sciencebuzz.com/tag/physics/
certification - AIHCP Health Care BlogAIHCP Health Care Blogcertification - AIHCP Health Care BlogAIHCP Health Care Blog
Substance Abuse Counseling: The Psychological Effects of Using Cocaine AN ŠžVERVŠ†EW: Substance abuse counselors today are seeing more cases of cocaine abuse. The coca plant is a native to South America which has been cultivated for centuries and then refined into a substance called cocaine. This popular recreational drug is also a powerful central nervous system stimulant apart from being a mild topical anesthetic. The most popular method of consuming cocaine is to insufflate it in a powder form. It can also be injected intravenously into the bloodstream. Yet another method of consuming cocaine is to smoke crack or freebase ...
http://www.aihcp.org/blog/tag/certification/
3xmom - Instagram photos and videos | WEBSTAGRAM3xmom - Instagram photos and videos | WEBSTAGRAM
Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant, so your daily java jolts can rev your metabolism 5 to 8%-about 98 to 174 calories a day. A cup of brewed tea can raise your metabolism by 12%, according to one Japanese study. Researchers believe the antioxidant catechins in tea provide the boost. (by way of prevention.com ...
https://web.stagram.com/tag/3xmom
e-Tutor - Dictionary - speede-Tutor - Dictionary - speed
a central nervous system stimulant that increases energy and decreases appetite; used to treat narcolepsy and some forms of depression ...
http://www.e-tutor.com/et3/dictionary/define/speeded
24/7 Pharmacy: Viagra and skin cancer new pharmacy24/7 Pharmacy: Viagra and skin cancer new pharmacy
5. Inject intramuscular and intravenous cancer viagra and skin antibiotics). Cerebellum 11:951 901 ann neurol 57:884 872 dominici m, le blanc k, mueller i, slaper-cortenbach i, bhasin a, srivastava mvp, mohanty s, bhatia r, marini f, krause d, deans r, keating a, prockop dj, fibbe we, pittenger mf, mackay am, beck sc, jaiswal rk, blazar br sarcoma derived from sex. These con- observation for at calcitonin are either highly puri ed than the remained opioid-free for at. (c) single-system orthotopic ureterocoele. Tips to enter it within the rectus muscle. Is used concurrently with other anticholinergic medications will intensify the central nervous system stimulants assessment in cough medications and increase the prominence and rigidity of maladaptive responses, acting muscle relaxant. Https://doi.Org/6.2257/17460841.1.2.833 abstract as data elucidating the complexity of cell-cell interactions. Would you advise the patient s requirements will be able to: Amino acids disorders of aging, ...
https://eventorum.puc.edu/usarx/viagra-and-skin-cancer/82/
Hair test for alcohol how to passHair test for alcohol how to pass
How To Pass A Drug Test In 24 Hours Or Less. This Is Where You Learn How To Pass A Drug Test In 24 Hours Or Less. As you are probably aware, there is an almost overwhelming amount of information on the internet to learn how to pass s drug test in 24 hours or less for urine, hair, saliva or blood in how to make any name without greek alphabet on fortnite Ways To Pass A Drug Test offers the highest quality products on the market backed by years of clinical testing and development by highly certified hair follicle tests specialists. These chemicals help to regulate mood and modes of thinking. Cocaine is a strong central nervous system stimulant that interferes with the reabsorption process of dopamine, a chemical messenger associated with. ...
http://hairdesignbyoumou.com/england/hair-test-for-alcohol-how-to-pass.php
The Dose Makes The Poison: 2016The Dose Makes The Poison: 2016
Despite media reports and quotes from law enforcement officials, the pharmacological profile for W-18 is not established at this time. We have no data on absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of the substance. We do not know on what specific receptors W-18 acts. We know nothing about receptor binding affinities. We know nothing of the acute effects of the substance. The only piece of pharmacological data that exists for W-18 was acquired via the mouse phenylquinone (PQ) writhing assay. In that test, W-18 had an IC50 equal to 3.7 ng/kg and 50% inhibition. In the same test, morphines IC50 was equal to 38,000 ng/kg and 50% inhibition. It very important to note that the PQ writhing assay is a general or non-specific test in which many compounds not considered to be analgesics, including sympathomimetics and central nervous system stimulants, protect mice against the PQ-induced writhing. The assay results should not be interpreted in any way that insinuates W-18 is approximately 10,000 ...
http://dosemakespoison.blogspot.com/2016/
Orpheus - Joey V. Barnett CVOrpheus - Joey V. Barnett CV
Joey V. Barnett, Ph.D. is Professor of Pharmacology, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology. He received his Bachelors Degree in 1981 from the University of Southern Indiana in Biology. He spent nine months as an undergraduate researcher at the University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory prior to entering the Ph.D. program in Pharmacology at VanderbiltUniversity. He received his Ph.D. in 1986 examining the mechanism of action of central nervous system stimulants. He completed postdoctoral studies at Harvard Medical School where his work focused on the development and regulation of autonomic responsiveness in the heart. As an instructor at Harvard, he trained in genetics and began his studies of growth factor signaling during cardiovascular development. He returned to Vanderbilt in 1992 as an Assistant Professor of Medicine and was promoted and tenured in Medicine prior to moving to the Department of Pharmacology in 2000 to direct the Ph.D. program. He has ...
http://www.orpheus-med.org/index.php/orpheus-exec-commitee?id=276
Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure | Drug War FactsPrenatal Methamphetamine Exposure | Drug War Facts
(Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure) Although research on the medical and developmental effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure is still in its early stages, our experience with almost 20 years of research on the chemically related drug, cocaine, has not identified a recognizable condition, syndrome or disorder that should be termed crack baby nor found the degree of
https://drugwarfacts.org/node/691
Parallel Roles for Dopamine in Pathological Gambling and Psychostimulant Addiction | Bentham ScienceParallel Roles for Dopamine in Pathological Gambling and Psychostimulant Addiction | Bentham Science
Title: Parallel Roles for Dopamine in Pathological Gambling and Psychostimulant Addiction. VOLUME: 2 ISSUE: 1. Author(s):Martin Zack and Constantine X. Poulos. Affiliation:Clinical Neuroscience Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada.. Keywords:Pathological gambling, psychostimulant, dopamine, addiction, sensitization. Abstract: A variety of evidence suggests important commonalities in the neurochemical basis of reinforcement in pathological gambling (PG) and psychostimulant addiction. This article focuses on the parallel and specific roles that dopamine (DA) activation plays in these two disorders, beyond its generic role in reinforcement. A psychostimulant-mimetic model for PG is proposed based on evidence from the following domains: Acute subjective-behavioral effects of gambling and psychostimulants; Effects of anticipated rewards and uncertainty of reward delivery (key elements of gambling) on DA release; Relationship ...
https://www.eurekaselect.com/93055/article/parallel-roles-dopamine-pathological-gambling-and-psychostimulant-addiction?tracking-code=4
amphetamine and dextroamphetamineamphetamine and dextroamphetamine
Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine are central nervous system stimulants that affect chemicals in the brain and nerves that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control. Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine is a combination medicine used to treat narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Amphetamine...
https://www.uncmedicalcenter.org/uncmc/health-library/document-viewer/?id=d04035a1
Provigil nuvigil xyremProvigil nuvigil xyrem
I remember that, after taking the 150mg Nuvigil for awhile I felt sluggish and asked the Dr about going to 250mg. Make sure you stay hydrated! Furthermore, there is a medication thats currently in development thats showing incredible promise NEW ORLEANS -- Narcolepsy patients troubled by frequent nighttime awakenings had less sleep disruption when taking sodium oxybate (Xyrem) than modafinil (Provigil) in a randomized trial, a researcher. Original Poster 1 point Ā· 1 day ago. I havent really taken any prescription stimulants, but caffeine doesnt do anything for me so Im a bit worried this will be too weak Armodafinil (NuvigilĀ®) and modafinil (ProvigilĀ®) are central nervous system stimulants. Furthermore, there is a medication thats currently in development thats showing incredible promise Nuvigil (armodafinil) and Provigil (modafinil) boost brain activity to stimulate certain brain areas that are involved in wakefulness. Abuse or misuse of illicit GHB is associated with CNS adverse ...
http://www.aatsp.com.br/xhdnqsoo7s
The Methamphetamine EpidemicThe Methamphetamine Epidemic
The Methamphetamine Epidemic. Meth: Major central nervous system stimulant with a high potential for abuse. Forms of Meth: crank or speed consists of tiny granules that have the appearance of powder, usually of a yellow appearance.. Crystal meth or ice is a form of meth that consists of large crystals that have the appearance of rock candy.. Traditionally associated with white, male blue collar workers. Use is initiated at a younger age. More popular among women than other drugs (super mom and diet aid.). Perceived desirable effects:. Provides energy, increases alertness, lessens desire and ability to sleep, increases sexual arousal, increases stamina and enhances endurance, reduces appetite, induces sense of self confidence, focuses thinking, distorts perception of time.. Physiological effects:. Increases heart rate and blood pressure; increases shallow breathing, raises internal body temperature, causes sweating, decreases appetite, enlarges pupils, causes dry mouth and bad breath, pounding ...
http://sir-ray.com/The%20Methamphetamine%20Epidemic.htm
WEISE PRESCRIPTION SHOP, INC Condition CenterWEISE PRESCRIPTION SHOP, INC Condition Center
There is widespread national abuse of pseudoephedrine tablets as a drug to make methamphetamine (crystal meth or meth), an illegal drug. Methamphetamine is a highly addictive, synthetically produced central nervous system stimulant with effects similar to cocaine. Meth is the most prevalent synthetic drug manufactured in the United States and is easily produced in home laboratories using common store-bought chemicals. The ease of manufacturing meth and its highly addictive potential has caused the use of the drug to increase throughout the nation. Its use has reached epidemic levels in many parts of the country. National and state laws have attempted to stem this criminal activity by establishing limits on sales of pseudoephedrine. The pharmacist or pharmacy representative may ask for a name and address in many states to prove that the pseudoephedrine is purchased legitimately as a decongestant. There may also be limits on the how much psuedoephedrine can be purchased in one transaction as well ...
http://www.weiserx.com/promog/ConditionCenter.asp?ConditionID=12&StoreID=D5014D8206A24FA7A9B57A43F807BE7E
Settlers Country Market Condition CenterSettlers Country Market Condition Center
There is widespread national abuse of pseudoephedrine tablets as a drug to make methamphetamine (crystal meth or meth), an illegal drug. Methamphetamine is a highly addictive, synthetically produced central nervous system stimulant with effects similar to cocaine. Meth is the most prevalent synthetic drug manufactured in the United States and is easily produced in home laboratories using common store-bought chemicals. The ease of manufacturing meth and its highly addictive potential has caused the use of the drug to increase throughout the nation. Its use has reached epidemic levels in many parts of the country. National and state laws have attempted to stem this criminal activity by establishing limits on sales of pseudoephedrine. The pharmacist or pharmacy representative may ask for a name and address in many states to prove that the pseudoephedrine is purchased legitimately as a decongestant. There may also be limits on the how much psuedoephedrine can be purchased in one transaction as well ...
http://www.settlerscountrymarket.com/promog/ConditionCenter.asp?ConditionID=12&StoreID=22B18596F5384D3C95294AE06768A6CE
Chocolate: The Love Drug | Medicine HunterChocolate: The Love Drug | Medicine Hunter
Theobromine, caffeines chemical cousin, occurs at a greater concentration, about 250 milligrams in a 50 gram bar of dark chocolate. Like caffeine, theobromine is a central nervous system stimulant, though it is milder in its effects. Theobromine is a stronger cardiac stimulant than caffeine and not nearly as well studied. This compound has a different chemical structure, and is presumed to possess unique mood enhancing effects. Chocolate gets right to the heart of sexual pleasure by increasing the brains level of serotonin, the feel-good brain chemical. Serotonin plays a major role in positive mood, emotional health, proper sleep and balanced appetite, contributing to numerous behavioral and physiological functions. Decreased serotonin is a well known factor in cases of depression. Increased brain serotonin promoted by chocolate increases sexual excitation, desire and responsiveness. Women have more serotonin in their systems than men and appear to be more sensitive to chocolate. Chocolate ...
http://www.medicinehunter.com/chocolate_love_drug/
Ritalin Law Review- New HampshireRitalin Law Review- New Hampshire
27 New Eng.L. Rev. 1173. NOTES: An Analysis of the Legal Issues Surrounding the Forced Use of Ritalin: Protecting a Childs Right to Just Say No. By, James C. OLeary *. * For my father.. SUMMARY:. ... Methylphenidate hydrochlo ride, better known by its brand name Ritalin, is the most widely prescribed stimulant drug for this purpose. ... Ritalin is the most common amphetamine prescribed to hyperactive children for this purpose. By 1974 Ritalin had beaten out the once popular and less expensive drug Dexedrine as the drug of choice in treating hyperactive children. ... Nobody knows exactly why Ritalin produces the opposite result in hyperactive children. ... It is the position of this note that, given such a large task and limited resources, the school system has unwittingly become addicted to the use of Ritalin as an easy solution to the difficult problem of educating hyperactive children. ... These three rationales are all potentially at work in the involuntary use of Ritalin on ...
http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/neuro/ritalin/ritalin_law_review_1.html
Ephedrine / Ephedra generic (Hydrochloride) 15 mgEphedrine / Ephedra generic (Hydrochloride) 15 mg
|b|What is oral ephedrine?|/b||br| Ephedrine directly stimulates alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors and increases the release of norepinephrine.|br| Its actions include relaxation of bronchioles, increased heart rate and contractility, and increased blood pressure.|br| It also causes blood vessels in the nasal passages to shrink (vasoconstrict). Vasoconstriction reduces nasal congestion by preventing fluid from draining from blood vessels into the lining of the nasal passages.|br| Ephedrine is also a central nervous system stimulant used illegally for weight loss and for performance enhancement diet supplements.
http://www.freeviagranow.com/index.php/fvn_ru/ephedrine-ephedra-generic.html
JAVITA COFFEE - ASTRAL FITNESSJAVITA COFFEE - ASTRAL FITNESS
Yerba mate is a central nervous system stimulant containing caffeine, but it also contains a number of other nutrients, including antioxidants, amino acids, polyphenols, vitamins and minerals. The chemical compounds and nutrients in yerba mate tea affect your metabolism to make your body use carbohydrates more efficiently. This means youll get more energy from the food you eat. Youll also burn more of the calories your body has stored in fat cells as fuel when you drink coffee with yerba mate regularly. Regular yerba mate consumption also helps keep lactic acid from building up in your muscles so you can decrease post workout soreness and cut your recovery time.Yerba mate has stimulant qualities to help you feel full sooner after you begin eating, and it slows your digestion so that your stomach stays full longer. Combining yerba mate with a healthy diet and regular exercise can help boost your metabolism to burn more calories, and it can help you eat less by curbing your appetite ...
http://www.astralfitness.net/javita-coffee/
JAVITA COFFEE - ASTRAL FITNESSJAVITA COFFEE - ASTRAL FITNESS
Yerba mate is a central nervous system stimulant containing caffeine, but it also contains a number of other nutrients, including antioxidants, amino acids, polyphenols, vitamins and minerals. The chemical compounds and nutrients in yerba mate tea affect your metabolism to make your body use carbohydrates more efficiently. This means youll get more energy from the food you eat. Youll also burn more of the calories your body has stored in fat cells as fuel when you drink coffee with yerba mate regularly. Regular yerba mate consumption also helps keep lactic acid from building up in your muscles so you can decrease post workout soreness and cut your recovery time.Yerba mate has stimulant qualities to help you feel full sooner after you begin eating, and it slows your digestion so that your stomach stays full longer. Combining yerba mate with a healthy diet and regular exercise can help boost your metabolism to burn more calories, and it can help you eat less by curbing your appetite ...
http://www.astralfitness.net/javita-coffee
Wakefulness-Promoting Agents | CTDWakefulness-Promoting Agents | CTD
A specific category of drugs that prevent sleepiness by specifically targeting sleep-mechanisms in the brain. They are used to treat DISORDERS OF EXCESSIVE SOMNOLENCE such as NARCOLEPSY. Note that this drug category does not include broadly-acting central nervous system stimulants such as AMPHETAMINES ...
http://ctdbase.org/detail.go?type=chem&acc=D064690
Does provigil cause euphoriaDoes provigil cause euphoria
Does provigil cause euphoria? modafinil or provigil is a central nervous system stimulant and much abused. This can produce euphoria, it can be abused for a high sensation particularly by students as s.
http://upatawuv.amowiki.ru/4Usvt.php
Colheita de Guarana | ArgosfotoColheita de Guarana | Argosfoto
Plantacao de guarana.O Guarana (Paullinia cupana) e originario da Amazonia, encontrado no Brasil e Venezuela. Descoberto no sec. XVIII pelo medico botanico alemao F. C. Paullini. Sua fruta possui uma substancia parecida com a cafeina (guaraina) e devido a essa propriedade estimulante e usada para a fabricacao de xaropes, barras, pos e refrigerantes./ Guarana Plantation. Farm in Amazon, Brazil. Guarana is a shrub or small tree native to Venezuela and northern Brazil. The seed of the Guarana fruit is a central nervous system stimulant with thermogenic and diuretic properties. It is used as an ingredient in soft drinks and energy drinks..Foto Ā© Marcos Issa/Argosfoto
https://argosfoto.photoshelter.com/image/I0000_ysvtuAELRc
Your Drugstore: Buyimg cytotec without priscription buy with confidence!Your Drugstore: Buyimg cytotec without priscription buy with confidence!
Subthalamic fasciculus n. A number associated with higher rates of success of the central nervous system stimulant, being used as a gargle, mouth wash and for visual field according to their function within a cell containing the fallopian tubes. should be taken to separate these layers is provided here. It is also used pre-operatively during certain neck movements as the standards. Pirozzo s, del mar c, green a. Aid to seven-point checklist and clinical study in american women. The phenomenon is known to arise in several varieties; and the dermis, along with dopamine. The newer synthetic steroids. [from greek rhodon a rose or lavender petals), minty (like menthol or peppermint), ethereal (like ether or halothane. After the cuff is rare and life-threatening clinical syndrome of korea and emigrant cape verde islanders and emigrant. Ectopic pregnancies in iud users are more robust when positive pelvic nodes associated with autonomic and most thoroughly interpreted dream which has been present for ...
https://bigsurlandtrust.org/care/buyimg-cytotec-without-priscription/20/
Medical Boards and the TSH: how they fail thyroid patients worldwide! - Stop The Thyroid MadnessMedical Boards and the TSH: how they fail thyroid patients worldwide! - Stop The Thyroid Madness
MoliĆØre. In 2008, a news press appeared about the discipline of a very popular and well-liked doctor in Texas, USA who treated many hypothyroid patients.. And for what?. Under the column titled NONTHERAPEUTIC PRESCRIBING, it stated: The action was based on Dr.________ prescribing Adipex, Adderal and Armour Thyroid to patients when such medications were not indicated.. Adipex and Adderal are both central nervous system stimulants, and we cant comment one way or the other.. But the mention of Armour thyroid as not indicated was a sure sign that this medical board was using the ridiculous TSH lab test range to decide whether a thyroid medication was needed or not. Weve already seen numerous and similar disciplinary actions brought upon well-liked and wise doctors like Dr. Peatfield and Dr. Skinner of the UK, Dr. Derry of Canada, and Dr. Springer in the US-all who dared to make obvious symptoms of ones hypothyroid state more important than ink spots on a piece of paper. There have been many ...
https://stopthethyroidmadness.com/2015/07/28/medical-boards-and-the-tsh-how-they-fail-thyroid-patients-worldwide/
Individual differences in amphetamine sensitization, behavior and central monoamines<...Individual differences in amphetamine sensitization, behavior and central monoamines<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Individual differences in amphetamine sensitization, behavior and central monoamines. AU - Scholl, Jamie L.. AU - Feng, Na. AU - Watt, Michael J.. AU - Renner, Kenneth J.. AU - Forster, Gina L.. PY - 2009/3/2. Y1 - 2009/3/2. N2 - Repeated amphetamine treatment results in behavioral sensitization in a high percentage of rats. Alterations to plasma corticosterone, neural monoamines and stress behavior can accompany amphetamine sensitization. Whether these changes occur following repeated amphetamine treatment in the absence of behavioral sensitization is not known. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline once daily for 6 days. Amphetamine-induced locomotion and stereotypy, open-field anxiety behavior, plasma corticosterone and limbic monoamines were measured during withdrawal. Sixty-two percent of amphetamine-treated rats showed behavioral sensitization over the test periods. Only amphetamine-sensitized rats showed increased latency to ...
https://nebraska.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/individual-differences-in-amphetamine-sensitization-behavior-and-
Does the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with st by Russell A. Barkley, Mariellen Fischer et al.Does the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with st by Russell A. Barkley, Mariellen Fischer et al.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of stimulant treatment during childhood and high school on risk for substance use, dependence, and abuse by young adulthood. METHODS: A total of 147 clinic-referred hyperactive children were followed approximately 13 years into adulthood (mean: 21 years old; range: 19-25). At adolescent (age 15) and adult follow-up, probands were interviewed about their use of various substances and duration of stimulant treatment. RESULTS: Duration of stimulant treatment was not significantly associated with frequency of any form of drug use by young adulthood. Stimulant-treated children had no greater risk of ever trying drugs by adolescence or any significantly greater frequency of drug use by young adulthood. Stimulant treatment in high school also did not influence drug use in adulthood except for greater use of cocaine. This difference was no longer significant after controlling for severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder in childhood, adolescence,
https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/oapubs/1732/
Teenagers Struggle with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder - Knight Life NewsTeenagers Struggle with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder - Knight Life News
Junior Kierra Grado struggles to focus as she stares down at a math problem right under her pencil. For about a year and a half, shes been struggling with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or, as its more commonly known, ADHD. She taps her pencil multiple times and looks up to talk with a friend, completelyā€¦
https://knightlifenews.com/2016/03/14/teenagers-struggling-with-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/
ADHD medication - Symptoms, Treatments and Resources for ADHD medicationADHD medication - Symptoms, Treatments and Resources for ADHD medication
ADHD medication - MedHelps ADHD medication Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, Treatments and Tools for ADHD medication. Find ADHD medication information, treatments for ADHD medication and ADHD medication symptoms.
https://www.medhelp.org/tags/show/24163/ADHD-medication
Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder | AbleDataAttention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder | AbleData
The Paint Tray for Quick and Easy Color is a part of the Tabletop Printer activity meant for art therapy for use by individuals with hyperactive tendencies. Participants create their own print plate, which is attached to the print drum, inked up with acry ...
http://www.abledata.com/indexing-terms/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder?page=4
Methamphetamine - TripSit wikiMethamphetamine - TripSit wiki
Methamphetamine is a strong physical and mental stimulant. It is legally prescribed as a treatment for ADD under the brand name Desoxyn, for both children and adults. Recreationally, methamphetamine is used to increase sexual drive, lift the mood, and increase energy, allowing some users to engage in sexual activity continuously for several days straight. Methamphetamine production is a relatively simple process, especially when compared to many other recreational drugs which has contributed to its widespread use. It is frequently reported on in the media when home meth-producing labs are busted. Methamphetamine exists as two enantiomers, dextrorotary and levorotary. Dextromethamphetamine is a stronger central nervous system(CNSCentral Nervous System) stimulant than levomethamphetamine; however, both are addictive and produce the same toxicity symptoms at high doses. Methamphetamine may be sold illegally, either as pure dextromethamphetamine or in an equal parts mixture of the right and left ...
http://wiki.tripsit.me/index.php?title=Methamphetamine&direction=next&oldid=5746
Interaction of Cannabis, Adderal, Ritalin and Modafinil. User reviews | ADHD Narcolepcy Sleep apnea networkInteraction of Cannabis, Adderal, Ritalin and Modafinil. User reviews | ADHD Narcolepcy Sleep apnea network
Cannabis is generally regarded as harmless, given its not possible to overdose on the drug or become chemically addicted to it. This does not mean the use of marijuana, or any psychoactive substance, is not without a degree of risk. Its quite possible to become psychologically-dependent on cannabis, which can lead to similar negative outcomes as other addictions.. Ritalin is often classified similarly to cannabis, as a drug with low potential for harm. It is often used for its mentally stimulating effects, especially its ability to boost concentration. Ritalin is often considered not-addictive but this is a myth. The drugs effects are comparable to cocaine and it has the potential to be chemically-addictive. For this reason, Ritalin is officially categorized as a Schedule II drug.. The Dangerous Behavioral Effects of Combining Ritalin and Cannabis. On a chemical level, combined use of cannabis and Ritalin is not terribly risky in terms of physiological harm. The real danger is in how the ...
https://www.adhdnarcolepsy.com/interaction-of-cannabis-adderal-ritalin-and-modafinil-user-reviews/
Cholinergic inhibition of methylphenidate-induced stereotypy: Oxotremorine | SpringerLinkCholinergic inhibition of methylphenidate-induced stereotypy: Oxotremorine | SpringerLink
Lethality of orally administered oxotremorine for female mice required 250 times the dose that was effective for inhibiting methylphenidate-induced stereotypy. A number of lines of evidence indicate...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00571400
Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure and Childhood Behavior Problems at 3 and 5 Years of AgePrenatal Methamphetamine Exposure and Childhood Behavior Problems at 3 and 5 Years of Age
From Pediatrics: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated behavior problems in children who were prenatally exposed to methamphetamine (MA) at ages 3 and 5 years. METHODS: The Infant Development, Environment, and Lifestyle study, a prospective, longitudinal study of prenatal MA exposure and child outcome, enrolled subjects postpartum in Los Angeles, California; Honolulu, Hawaii; Des Moines, Iowa; and Tulsa, Oklahoma. Prenatalā€¦
https://acutecareinc.wordpress.com/2012/03/19/prenatal-methamphetamine-exposure-and-childhood-behavior-problems-at-3-and-5-years-of-age/
ADHD medication: Young people on amphetamines have twice the psychosis risk compared to other stimulants, study says - CNNADHD medication: Young people on amphetamines have twice the psychosis risk compared to other stimulants, study says - CNN
Teens and young adults with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, who receive amphetamines such as Adderall for treatment have a higher risk of developing psychosis, compared to those who receive methyphenidates stimulants, such as Ritalin, according to a large new study.
https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/20/health/adhd-medication-psychosis-study/index.html
ADHD Medication Overland Park KS - Strattera, Overland Park KS The New ADHD Medication, Overland Park KS attention deficit...ADHD Medication Overland Park KS - Strattera, Overland Park KS The New ADHD Medication, Overland Park KS attention deficit...
This page provides relevant content and local businesses that can help with your search for information on ADHD Medication. You will find informative articles about ADHD Medication, including Strattera - The New ADHD Medication. Below you will also find local businesses that may provide the products or services you are looking for. Please scroll down to find the local resources in Overland Park, KS that can help answer your questions about ADHD Medication.
http://localmarket.1stholistic.com/ADHD_Medication_Overland_Park_KS-p1596587-Overland_Park_KS.html
Early adversity strongly mediates relationship between prenatal Methamphetamine exposure, behavioral issues Ā« Methamphetamine...Early adversity strongly mediates relationship between prenatal Methamphetamine exposure, behavioral issues Ā« Methamphetamine...
The prevalence of methamphetamine abuse during pregnancy in women seeking treatment tripled from 1994 to 2006, rising to 24% of all pregnant women admitted to federally funded treatment centers, according to the researchers. Eze and colleagues defined early adversity as the sum of multiple binary indicators, including self-reported maternal postnatal substance abuse, an annual household income less than $10,000, reported sexual or physical abuse by a caregiver, a maternal score on the Brief Symptom Inventory, maternal depression above average for the Beck Depression Inventory, quality of living environment below average on the HOME Inventory, community violence above average on the Lifestyle Interview, and social position below average for the Index of Social Position.. The researchers began recruiting for the Infant Development, Environment, and Lifestyle (IDEAL) longitudinal study in 2002. They enrolled 412 mother and infant pairs at four sites and identified participants as ...
http://fav-meth-head-of-the-day.com/2016/01/31/early-adversity-strongly-mediates-relationship-between-prenatal-methamphetamine-exposure-behavioral-issues/
Cardiac Screening Prior to Stimulant Treatment of ADHD: A Survey of US-Based Pediatricians | American Academy of PediatricsCardiac Screening Prior to Stimulant Treatment of ADHD: A Survey of US-Based Pediatricians | American Academy of Pediatrics
RESULTS: Of 817 respondents (51%), 525 (64%) met eligibility criteria. Regarding attitudes, pediatricians agreed that both the risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD) (24%) and legal liability (30%) were sufficiently high to warrant cardiac assessment; 75% agreed that physicians were responsible for informing families about SCD risk. When identifying cardiac disorders, few (18%) recognized performing an in-depth cardiac H & P as a barrier; in contrast, 71% recognized interpreting a pediatric ECG as a barrier. When asked about cardiac screening practices before initiating stimulant treatment for a recent patient, 93% completed a routine H & P, 48% completed an in-depth cardiac H & P, and 15% ordered an ECG. Almost half (46%) reported discussing stimulant-related cardiac risks. Multivariate modeling indicated that ā‰„1 of these screening practices were associated with physicians attitudes about SCD risk, legal liability, their responsibility to inform about risk, their ability to perform an in-depth ...
https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/129/2/222
Ritalin Psychomotor Hyperactivity Side EffectsRitalin Psychomotor Hyperactivity Side Effects
Is Psychomotor Hyperactivity a common side effect of Ritalin? View Psychomotor Hyperactivity Ritalin side effect risks. Male, 49 years of age, was diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, diabetes mellitus, bipolar disorder and took Ritalin 1 Df, Daily.
http://patientsville.com/ritalin/psychomotor-hyperactivity.htm
Ephedra | Meschino HealthEphedra | Meschino Health
Ephedra has been shown to increase the metabolic rate and encourage the release of fatty acids from adipose tissue to the bloodstream, where they may be taken up and used as a metabolic fuel by skeletal muscle and other tissues. Ephedra acts as a sympathetic nervous system stimulant, enhancing the release of adrenaline and providing a direct thermogenic effect. 5,6. The thermogenic effect can be enhanced by methylxanthines (i.e., caffeine) and salicylates. As such, combinations of these ingredients have been used in studies with athletes and have been shown to produce ergogenic performance-enhancing effects. 7,8,9. For weight loss patients, most of the studies have used a combination of 20 mg of ephedrine and 200 mg of caffeine, three times daily. Although significant weight loss results have been achieved using this approach (i.e., 36 lbs of weight loss in 24 weeks compared to 29 lbs in the placebo group), health practitioners and consumers should be aware of the dangerous side effects that can ...
https://meschinohealth.com/article/ephedra/
ChiroACCESS: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: PreventionChiroACCESS: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Prevention
Risk factors for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are difficult to firmly establish due to the uncertain nature of the condition. A great deal of
http://www.chiroaccess.com/EBRs/Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder-Prevention.aspx
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Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure Linked to Cognitive ProblemsPrenatal Methamphetamine Exposure Linked to Cognitive Problems
Researchers found that fetuses exposed to methamphetamine before birth were at an increased risk of cognitive problems at age 7.5.
http://wellingtonretreat.com/blog/2014/04/prenatal-methamphetamine-exposure-linked-cognitive-problems/
Open, randomised, crossover study assessing the effects of Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on cytochrome P450 substrate...Open, randomised, crossover study assessing the effects of Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on cytochrome P450 substrate...
This study investigated the drug interaction potential of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate with oral caffeine (CYP1A2), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), omeprazole
http://adisinsight.springer.com/trials/700252358?error=cookies_not_supported&code=abde6eb9-a29c-499a-9e9d-4b09b74aa22e
Leki refundowane - Cena i zamienniki leku Lisdexamfetamine DimesylateLeki refundowane - Cena i zamienniki leku Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate
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Crystal Meth Treatment Burnsville MN - meth treatment, Burnsville MN meth addiction, Burnsville MN post-mortem shot,...Crystal Meth Treatment Burnsville MN - meth treatment, Burnsville MN meth addiction, Burnsville MN post-mortem shot,...
Crystal Meth Treatment in Burnsville, MN. Find phone numbers, addresses and information about Crystal Meth Treatment in Burnsville.
http://articles.directorym.com/Crystal_Meth_Treatment_Burnsville_MN-p1775076-Burnsville_MN.html
Babys Brain at Risk with Prenatal Meth Exposure | EmaxHealthBabys Brain at Risk with Prenatal Meth Exposure | EmaxHealth
The problem of methamphetamine use in todays society is an ever growing problem. Women of childbearing age are among this group, leading to an increasing number of children with prenatal methamphetamine exposure.. Christine Cloak, Ph.D., of the University of Hawaii, and colleagues findings are reported online in Neurology. The researchers did MRI scans on 29 methamphetamine-exposed children 3 to 4 years old, recruited from local hospitals, drug rehabilitation centers, and the community. Using detailed interviews of the mothers, the cumulative gestational methamphetamine exposure reported averaged 58 g over 2.5 trimesters, but varied widely.. Methamphetamine has been shown to cross the placenta and impact overall fetal growth. The drug is known to act on dopamine receptors that regulate corticogenesis and are present in the brain as early as the first trimester. It also affects other catecholamine systems involved in brain development.. Cloak and colleagues found that prenatal exposure to meth ...
https://www.emaxhealth.com/1024/87/30479/baby%E2%80%99s-brain-risk-prenatal-meth-exposure.html
Stimulant medication for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: evidence-b(i)ased practice? | BJPsych...Stimulant medication for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: evidence-b(i)ased practice? | BJPsych...
The prescription market for the treatment of ADHD is evaluated at nearly $2 billion in yearly sales, according to IMS Health, a pharmaceutical research and consultancy firm. The competition for a slice of this market is intense, with pharmaceutical companies struggling to keep the lead.. These companies use aggressive marketing techniques to promote their drugs and their reasons are not always purely altruistic. The example of atomoxetine (Strattera) marketed as a non-stimulant drug is particularly interesting. Strattera was introduced in the USA in January 2003 and by June had grabbed 12% of the nearly $2-billion-a-year prescription market. In the first 6 months after Stratteras introduction, market leader Concerta XLs prescription share fell from 26% to 22.7%, and Adderall XR from 22.6% to 20.9%, according to IMS Health. Bert Hazlett, an industry analyst with SunTrust Robinson Humphrey (http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/business/6709174.htm) attributes some of Stratteras rapid growth in ...
http://pb.rcpsych.org/content/29/8/284.full
Does concerta help with adderall withdrawalDoes concerta help with adderall withdrawal
Main / Syringes with Needles / Does concerta help with adderall withdrawal 1 Answer - Posted in: adderall, concerta - Answer: koukla, dont be paranoid about your rejewvenate.info seem to have shaken. Join Date: Jun ; Posts: 3, Amphetamine withdrawal is mainly psychological. To that end, the only things I can think of that would help would be caffeine or maybe some Sudafed. Maybe this is a wake-up call for you.. However, I did not require the side affects in myself of bleeding, headache, anxiety, fresher as being related to the Adderall. get the pimples or such, even though the intriguing level of the last in your system would be sufficient for you to do and get some help with the ADD does concerta help with adderall withdrawal. My counter is will I get that There if I switch from Adderall to Concerta. up as i have major doe concerta help with adderall withdrawal and dissolution disorder, concerta really helps with my allergies. i am just all over rectal and talkative. the things that get to ...
http://rejewvenate.info/syringes-with-needles/does-concerta-help-with-adderall-withdrawal.php
How to Use Echinacea: The Immune System Stimulant and Strep Throat RemedyHow to Use Echinacea: The Immune System Stimulant and Strep Throat Remedy
How to properly use Echinacea when you have a cold coming on, as a sore throat remedy, and on cuts, wounds, and topical infections
https://learningherbs.com/remedies-recipes/strep-throat-remedy/
Ritalin side effects? - Mental conditions - Condition | Our HealthRitalin side effects? - Mental conditions - Condition | Our Health
Is it possible to lead me to documentation on the nexus between Ritalin therapy and vocal/phonic tics in adults?The details on my continuing employment saga may be found in this link:www.cutv.com/ERPittman.htmEssentially I was forced to retire from the US Postal Service after 35 years service because of intermittent humming which I now believe might bemedication related.What would be extremely helpful would be a url/link showing that humming could be a side effect of ritalin therapy.Note: I have no problem with the humming, which bothers me quite a bit but does not, in my opinion, render me unemployable.What I want is to return to my previous employment and am not pursuing any claims against the manufacturer.Any pursuit would be in the direction of the physician retained by the postal service who failed to obtain adequate information, but thats another issue.I can provide additional information, if needed.HELP!!!This is probably old but if you get this my son was on Ritalin for 5 years ...
http://www.ourhealth.com/conditions/mental-conditions/ritalin-side-effects
modafinil united healthcare - Instinct-Gaming Communitymodafinil united healthcare - Instinct-Gaming Community
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http://ig-life.de/viewtopic.php?f=11&t=526126
Bioclinic - Pure Integrative PharmacyBioclinic - Pure Integrative Pharmacy
Phosphatidylserine is the most abundant phospholipid in the brain. Along with other phospholipids, phosphatidylserine plays important roles in the structure and fluidity of cell membranes, intercellular communication and protection of cells from damage produced by free radicals. Due to its presence in the brain, the effects of phosphatidylserine on the central nervous system have been widely studied. Importantly, clinical studies suggest phosphatidylserine supports cognitive functions which tend to decline with age such as memory, learning, concentration and vocabulary. In addition to this role in age-related cognitive decline, phosphatidylserine has been used in Alzheimers disease,1 attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression and improving mental function in young people. In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, the combination of phosphatidylserine with DHA showed improvement in cognitive performance in non-demented elderly with memory complaints. Specifically, verbal ...
https://purepharmacy.com/collections/bioclinic
Conditions - Page 2 - Pure Integrative PharmacyConditions - Page 2 - Pure Integrative Pharmacy
Phosphatidylserine is the most abundant phospholipid in the brain. Along with other phospholipids, phosphatidylserine plays important roles in the structure and fluidity of cell membranes, intercellular communication and protection of cells from damage produced by free radicals. Due to its presence in the brain, the effects of phosphatidylserine on the central nervous system have been widely studied. Importantly, clinical studies suggest phosphatidylserine supports cognitive functions which tend to decline with age such as memory, learning, concentration and vocabulary. In addition to this role in age-related cognitive decline, phosphatidylserine has been used in Alzheimers disease,1 attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression and improving mental function in young people. In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, the combination of phosphatidylserine with DHA showed improvement in cognitive performance in non-demented elderly with memory complaints. Specifically, verbal ...
https://purepharmacy.com/collections/conditions?page=2
SydnoneSydnone
LEMONT B. KIER, LAURETTA E. FOX, D. DHAWAN & I. W. WATERS (1962). "A New Class of Central Nervous System Stimulants". Nature. ... group can be found as a substructure in the stimulant drugs feprosidnine and mesocarb. Sydnone was first prepared in 1935 by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydnone
DexmethylphenidateDexmethylphenidate
... is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. How it works in ADHD is unclear. It is the more active ... The symptoms of a moderate acute overdose on methylphenidate primarily arise from central nervous system overstimulation; these ... The symptoms of a moderate acute overdose on methylphenidate primarily arise from central nervous system overstimulation; these ... in the brain's reward system. At therapeutic doses, ADHD stimulants do not sufficiently activate the reward system, or the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexmethylphenidate
List of drugs banned by WADAList of drugs banned by WADA
Stimulants directly affect the central nervous system, increasing blood flow and heart rate. These drugs primarily help ... Stimulants that are banned include amphetamines, beta-2 agonists, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, fencamfamine, cocaine, ... stimulants, diuretics, narcotics, and cannabinoids. Blood doping is the injection of red blood cells, related blood products ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_drugs_banned_by_WADA
List of aminorex analoguesList of aminorex analogues
Central nervous system stimulant. US Patent 2892753, 1957 Hardy RA, Howell CF, Quinones NQ. Method of producing central nervous ... Aminorex itself is a stimulant drug with a 5-phenyl-2-amino-oxazoline structure. It was developed in the 1960s as an anorectic ... Neurochemical effects of an acute treatment with 4-methylaminorex: a new stimulant of abuse. Eur J Pharmacol. 1990 May 3;180(1 ... and derivatives of this type appeared to be effective stimulants with comparatively low toxicity. Pemoline was sold for around ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aminorex_analogues
Idiopathic hypersomniaIdiopathic hypersomnia
The main treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness is done through central nervous system stimulants. Methylphenidate and ... It is of central nervous system origin characterized by prolonged nocturnal sleep and periods of daytime drowsiness. Affected ... Ishizuka T, Murakami M, Yamatodani A (January 2008). "Involvement of central histaminergic systems in modafinil-induced but not ... CNS stimulants tend to be less effective for idiopathic hypersomnia than they are for narcolepsy and may be less well tolerated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_hypersomnia
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitorNorepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
January 2001). "Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitor
ParaxanthineParaxanthine
... paraxanthine is a psychoactive central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. It possesses a potency roughly equal to that of caffeine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraxanthine
PramiracetamPramiracetam
... is a central nervous system stimulant and nootropic agent belonging to the racetam family of drugs. It is marketed ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pramiracetam
Drug Recognition ExpertDrug Recognition Expert
... central nervous system depressants (benzodiazepines), CNS stimulants (methamphetamine), dissociative anesthetics (PCP), ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_Recognition_Expert
LisdexamfetamineLisdexamfetamine
... is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that works after being converted by the body into ... Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: Concomitant use of MAOIs and central nervous system stimulants such as lisdexamfetamine can cause ... leading to central nervous system (CNS) stimulation ā€¢ Amphetamines seem to enhance athletic performance in anaerobic conditions ... Amphetamine produces central stimulant, anorectic, and sympathomimetic actions, and it is the prototype member of this class ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisdexamfetamine
CatuabaCatuaba
An infusion of the bark is used in traditional Brazilian medicine as an aphrodisiac and central nervous system stimulant. These ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catuaba
Racing thoughtsRacing thoughts
Amphetamines are used as a stimulant to trigger the central nervous system, increasing heart rate and blood pressure while ... Since amphetamines are a stimulant, use of these drugs result in a state that resembles the manic phase of bipolar disorder and ... Vega, Charles (March 26, 2008). "Stimulant Improves Sleep in Adult With ADHD". Medscape. Medscape. Archived from the original ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racing_thoughts
MefexamideMefexamide
... is a central nervous system stimulant that is no longer marketed. Clofexamide Dimethocaine Meclofenoxate J. Elks (14 November ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mefexamide
General anaesthesiaGeneral anaesthesia
... central nervous system stimulants, or corticosteroids may be used. In many cases, opioids used in general anaesthesia can cause ... To induce unconsciousness, anaesthetics have myriad sites of action and affect the central nervous system (CNS) at multiple ... Common areas of the central nervous system whose functions are interrupted or changed during general anaesthesia include the ... the agents are transported to their biochemical sites of action in the central and autonomic nervous systems. Most general ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_anaesthesia
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder managementAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder management
... a central nervous system stimulant. "Adzenys XR-ODT". United States Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 7 March 2016. " ... but dextroamphetamine is a more potent central nervous system stimulant. Although it is effective in reducing primary ADHD ... Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 10 (3): 180-206. doi:10.2174/1871524911006030180. hdl:10261/61750. PMID ... Stimulants are the most effective medications available for the treatment of ADHD. Seven different formulations of stimulants ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_management
List of MeSH codes (D27)List of MeSH codes (D27)
... central nervous system stimulants MeSH D27.505.696.282.045 - aphrodisiacs MeSH D27.505.696.282.050 - appetite stimulants MeSH ... central nervous system stimulants MeSH D27.505.954.427.220.045 - aphrodisiacs MeSH D27.505.954.427.220.050 - appetite ... central nervous system agents MeSH D27.505.954.427.010 - adjuvants, anesthesia MeSH D27.505.954.427.020 - alcohol deterrents ... central nervous system depressants MeSH D27.505.696.277.100 - anesthetics MeSH D27.505.696.277.100.017 - anesthetics, combined ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D27)
4-Methylaminorex4-Methylaminorex
... does not produce adverse central nervous system stimulant effects as experienced with other decongestants and anorexiants." ... The effects are stimulant in nature, producing euphoria, increased attention, and increased cognition. Anecdotally, it has been ... 4-Methylaminorex (4-MAR, 4-MAX) is a stimulant drug of the 2-amino-5-aryloxazoline class that was first synthesized in 1960 by ... Hanson GR, Bunker CF, Johnson M, Bush L, Gibb JW (August 1992). "Response of monoaminergic and neuropeptide systems to 4- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Methylaminorex
Dopamine agonistDopamine agonist
... anesthetic with no medical uses as a central nervous system stimulant) Methamphetamine (used in rare circumstances to treat ... Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System (Third Edition), Academic Press, pp. 67-70, doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-386525-0.00013-5, ISBN ... Borkar N, Mu H, Holm R (2018-11-01). "Challenges and trends in apomorphine drug delivery systems for the treatment of ... Central dopaminergic agonist properties of semisynthetic ergoline derivatives lergotrile, pergolide, bromocriptine and lisuride ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_agonist
Meth (disambiguation)Meth (disambiguation)
... a central nervous system stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug. Methanol, a simple alcohol with formula CH3OH ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meth_(disambiguation)
Harrison Narcotics Tax ActHarrison Narcotics Tax Act
... in the title of the act to describe not just opiates but also cocaine-which is a central nervous system stimulant, not a ... for the purpose of examining alternatives to a licensing system for opium addicts. The Commission recommended that narcotics ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrison_Narcotics_Tax_Act
Doping in figure skatingDoping in figure skating
... athletic performance Due to its similarity between the structure of ephedrine and other central nervous systems stimulants. In ... There are four types of performance enhancing drugs in sport, this will include anabolic steroids, stimulants, human growth ... This drug has been banned by WADA as it is a stimulant and has the potential to enhance ... meldonium may have the potential to improve endurance performance and encourage the use of hormones and stimulants, which could ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_in_figure_skating
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndromePostural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Central nervous system stimulant Tighten blood vessels. Increases alertness and improves brain fog. Methylphenidate (Ritalin, ... He was recently diagnosed with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome -- a problem with the autonomic nervous system. The ... this is classified as central hyperadrenergic POTS.[20][44] The high norepinephrine levels contribute to symptoms of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postural_orthostatic_tachycardia_syndrome?fbclid=IwAR2m8ZJtGrPxMde9Kcig0hirlDDwZlopEkcXtoRcEKOdsmSvNO64truK5qc
TemmlerTemmler
... drug was then manufactured and dispensed over-the-counter to the public as a central nervous system and circulatory system ... analeptic, psychiatric performance enhancing stimulant and to induce or extend wakefulness to treat narcolepsy. Pervitin was ... thus extending its product range to include pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temmler
StimulantStimulant
Abuse of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants is common. Addiction to some CNS stimulants can quickly lead to medical, ... Stimulants enhance the activity of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Common effects may include increased alertness, ... Avois, L; Robinson, N; Saudan, C; Baume, N; Mangin, P; Saugy, M (7 January 2017). "Central nervous system stimulants and sport ... Amphetamine is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the phenethylamine class that is approved for the treatment ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant
Central nervous system fatigueCentral nervous system fatigue
Amphetamine is a stimulant that has been found to improve both physical and cognitive performance. Amphetamine blocks the ... Central nervous system fatigue, or central fatigue, is a form of fatigue that is associated with changes in the synaptic ... In the central nervous system, acetylcholine modulates arousal and temperature regulation. It also may play a role in central ... Central nervous system effects of caffeine and adenosine on fatigue. J. Mark Davis, Zuowei Zhao, Howard S. Stock, Kristen A. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_system_fatigue
Amphetamine type stimulantAmphetamine type stimulant
Amphetamine-type stimulants in general are sympathomimetic amine that stimulates the central nervous system, also proven to ... Amphetamine type stimulants can be subdivided based on their activity on the central nervous system, compounds with ... Jiao D, Liu Y, Li X, Liu J, Zhao M (2015). "The role of the GABA system in amphetamine-type stimulant use disorders". Frontiers ... Amphetamine type stimulants can be used in the treatment of narcolepsy, a rare neurological disorder where the brain is unable ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamine_type_stimulant
List of ICD-9 codes 800-999: injury and poisoningList of ICD-9 codes 800-999: injury and poisoning
970 Poisoning by central nervous system stimulants 971 Poisoning by drugs primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system 972 ... and anti-Parkinsonism drugs 967 Poisoning by sedatives and hypnotics 968 Poisoning by other Central nervous system depressants ... This is a shortened version of the seventeenth chapter of the ICD-9: Diseases of the Digestive System. It covers ICD codes 800 ... injuries 906 Late effects of injuries to skin and subcutaneous tissues 907 Late effects of injuries to the nervous system 908 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes_800ā€“999:_injury_and_poisoning
AnalepticAnaleptic
An analeptic, in medicine, is a central nervous system stimulant. The term analeptic typically refers to respiratory analeptics ... "Central nervous system stimulants: basic pharmacology and relevance to anaesthesia and critical care". Anaesthesia & Intensive ... Analeptics are central nervous system stimulants that include a wide variety of medications used to treat depression, attention ... This begins the process of relaying the signal to the central nervous system. Doxapram blocks leak potassium channels in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analeptic
ChlorphentermineChlorphentermine
2001). "Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorphentermine
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CarePublication Characteristics
Central Nervous System StimulantsCentral Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System DiseasesTrauma CentersAccidents, TrafficInjury Severity ScoreHallucinogensWounds and InjuriesCentral Nervous System DepressantsBenzodiazepinesAmantadineRimantadineInfluenza A virusInfluenza, HumanParkinson DiseaseAntiparkinson AgentsInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeCaffeineEncyclopedias as TopicEnergy DrinksWakefulnessCacaoSleep DeprivationPsychotropic DrugsAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityMethylphenidateDose-Response Relationship, DrugAmphetamineSchoolsPropylaminesAlcoholics AnonymousSelf-Help GroupsSubstance-Related DisordersTreatment OutcomeGroup HomesAlcoholismPregnanediolAmphetamine-Related DisordersCorpus StriatumCocaine-Related DisordersNuclear Power PlantsDopamineFood Contamination, RadioactiveCocaineDopamine Uptake InhibitorsPlant LeavesEssaysNervous SystemPeripheral Nervous SystemWritingHistory, 20th Century
Cocaine is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant.Cocaine is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant.
The highly addictive central nervous system stimulant, cocaine, is derived from the leaves of the cocoa plant. Cocoa leaves ...
http://www.substanceabuseusa.org/addictions/cocaine.html
Ephedrine Hydrochloride (Hcl) is a central nervous system stimulantEphedrine Hydrochloride (Hcl) is a central nervous system stimulant
... is a central nervous system stimulant used to treat breathing problems (as a bronchodilator), nasal congestion (as a deco ... which have a direct stimulatory effect on the vegetative nervous system and the central nervous system. These substances have ... Ephedrine Hydrochloride (Hcl) is a central nervous system stimulant used to treat breathing problems (as a bronchodilator), ... Ephedrine Hydrochloride (Hcl) is a central nervous system stimulant used to treat breathing problems (as a bronchodilator), ...
https://www.amphet.online/product/buy-online-quality-ephedrine-hydrochloride-cheap-price/
Dictionary of Cancer TermsDictionary of Cancer Terms
Also called central nervous system stimulant. ... CNS stimulant (... STIM-yoo-lunt) listen A type of drug that ... CNS stimulants also raise blood pressure and increase heart rate and breathing rate. They are used to treat depression, ...
https://www.cancer.gov/Common/PopUps/popDefinition.aspx?id=450121&version=patient&language=English&dictionary=Cancer.gov
Adzenys XR-ODT Side Effects, Uses & DosageAdzenys XR-ODT Side Effects, Uses & Dosage
Central Nervous System Stimulant Table of Contents Overview How to Take It Side Effects Warnings & Precautions Drug ... It is is a central nervous system stimulant.. This information is for educational purposes only. Not every known side effect, ... Psych Central Professional Psych Central Blogs. Psych Central News. Psychological Tests & Quizzes. Sanity Score. Forums ... Psych Central does not provide medical, mental illness, or psychological advice, diagnosis or treatment. Learn more. ...
https://psychcentral.com/drugs/adzenys-xr-odt/
Caffeine, artwork - Stock Image C020/5033 - Science Photo LibraryCaffeine, artwork - Stock Image C020/5033 - Science Photo Library
Caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant. - Stock Image C020/5033 ... Caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant.. Release details: Model release not required. Property release not ...
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/587333/view
acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine - WellSpan Health Libraryacetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine - WellSpan Health Library
Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant. It relaxes muscle contractions in blood vessels to improve blood... ... Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant. It relaxes muscle contractions in blood vessels to improve blood flow. ...
https://www.wellspan.org/health-library/Document.aspx?id=d03439a1
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CarePublication Characteristics
Central Nervous System StimulantsCentral Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System DiseasesTrauma CentersAccidents, TrafficInjury Severity ScoreHallucinogensWounds and InjuriesCentral Nervous System DepressantsBenzodiazepinesAmantadineRimantadineInfluenza A virusInfluenza, HumanParkinson DiseaseAntiparkinson AgentsInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeCaffeineEncyclopedias as TopicEnergy DrinksWakefulnessCacaoSleep DeprivationPsychotropic DrugsAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityMethylphenidateDose-Response Relationship, DrugAmphetamineSchoolsPropylaminesAlcoholics AnonymousSelf-Help GroupsSubstance-Related DisordersTreatment OutcomeGroup HomesAlcoholismPregnanediolAmphetamine-Related DisordersCorpus StriatumCocaine-Related DisordersNuclear Power PlantsDopamineFood Contamination, RadioactiveCocaineDopamine Uptake InhibitorsPlant LeavesEssaysNervous SystemPeripheral Nervous SystemWritingHistory, 20th Century
MethylphenidateMethamphetamineADHDMedicationsCaffeineStrong stimulantNarcolepsyDrugsEffect of stimulantSympathomimeticDepressionAlertnessPleasurableDopamine levelsSubstancesSymptomsDrugStimulateSedativeDosesHydrochlorideSuddenImmune system
Methylphenidate1
Methamphetamine4
ADHD1
  • Once they determined how addictive the drugs could be, limitations were placed on stimulant prescriptions for adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and some cases of clinical depression. (californiahighlands.com)
Medications1
  • Is used concurrently with other anticholinergic medications will intensify the central nervous system stimulants assessment in cough medications and increase the prominence and rigidity of maladaptive responses, acting muscle relaxant. (puc.edu)
Caffeine4
Strong stimulant1
Narcolepsy1
Drugs7
  • Central nervous system stimulant drugs that are used to treat a new-age diagnosis called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, are addicting children to similar rushes of dopamine to control their attention spans and focus. (naturalnews.com)
  • Mixing speed with other drugs, particularly other stimulants, can increase the risk of adverse reactions. (nationalmethhotline.com)
  • These drugs usually excite activity in the brain and affect the senses of pleasure and rewards, causing serious stimulant withdrawal symptoms when use is stopped. (californiahighlands.com)
  • The unique quality of the stimulant drug class is the fact that these drugs tend to work with the amount of dopamine in your synapses. (californiahighlands.com)
  • In some instances of stimulant use, it will be teenagers that ingest drugs like Adderall as performance enhancers. (californiahighlands.com)
  • Stimulant drugs allow them to stay up all night to study, which is known for cramming. (californiahighlands.com)
  • The data shows the most common reason for young adults to use stimulant drugs is academic pressure they are facing. (californiahighlands.com)
Effect of stimulant1
  • One effect of stimulant withdrawal and addiction is the fact that it can sometimes activate underlying mental illnesses. (californiahighlands.com)
Sympathomimetic1
Depression2
Alertness1
  • Stimulants hijack this process and cause there to be more dopamine than usual in your synapses, giving you the euphoric feeling of being superhuman as well as increasing your alertness and sensitivity. (californiahighlands.com)
Pleasurable1
  • The person immediately feels the stimulant effect and pleasurable sensation. (peacehealth.org)
Dopamine levels1
  • This means that, once you stop taking the stimulant, it will be a while before your brain returns to normal dopamine levels, making the stimulant withdrawal symptoms very intense. (californiahighlands.com)
Substances1
Symptoms1
  • Many people who haven't experienced the signs of schizophrenia can initiate these symptoms through stimulant use. (californiahighlands.com)
Drug2
  • There is also a psychiatric drug crisis, a central nervous system stimulant crisis (amphetamine for children), an immunization overload crisis, among other prescription drug dependency issues. (naturalnews.com)
  • Are prescription drug-based synthetic interventions the answer to our health imbalances or is this system the most nefarious exacerbation of health crises imaginable today? (naturalnews.com)
Stimulate1
Sedative1
Doses1
  • With over 70 vaccine doses routinely given to children and with no studies showing efficacy or safety of this immune system overload, immunization practices put perpetual burden on the human immune system, cognitive function, and normal development. (naturalnews.com)
Hydrochloride1
  • Ephedrine Hydrochloride (Hcl) is a central nervous system stimulant used to treat breathing problems (as a bronchodilator), nasal congestion (as a decongestant), low blood pressure problems (orthostatic hypotension), or myasthenia gravis. (amphet.online)
Sudden1
  • The stimulant effect causes a sudden increase in blood pressure, breathing rate, and heart rate. (peacehealth.org)
Immune system2
  • ANUG happens only to persons who neglect their oral hygiene and who's immune system has been compromised by prolonged stress, malnutrition or other chronic diseases such as HIV. (doctorspiller.com)
  • High stress and bad nutrition tend to suppress the immune system which is responsible for fighting off the germs that live in the mouth. (doctorspiller.com)