Cellulase
Cellulases
A family of glycosidases that hydrolyse crystalline CELLULOSE into soluble sugar molecules. Within this family there are a variety of enzyme subtypes with differing substrate specificities that must work together to bring about complete cellulose hydrolysis. They are found in structures called CELLULOSOMES.
Cellulose
A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material, it forms the basis for many derivatives used in chromatography, ion exchange materials, explosives manufacturing, and pharmaceutical preparations.
Trichoderma
Cellulose 1,4-beta-Cellobiosidase
Cellobiose
Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
Hypocrea
beta-Glucosidase
Clostridium thermocellum
Mitosporic Fungi
Polyporaceae
Cellulosomes
Clostridium cellulolyticum
Clostridium
Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases
Glucan 1,4-beta-Glucosidase
Isoptera
Tylenchida
Lignin
The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Neocallimastix
Actinomycetales
Biomass
Clostridium cellulovorans
Panicum
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Amino Acid Sequence
Gossypium
Persea
Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase
Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
Glucans
Biofuels
beta-Mannosidase
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-mannose residues in beta-D-mannosides. The enzyme plays a role in the lysosomal degradation of the N-glycosylprotein glycans. Defects in the lysosomal form of the enzyme in humans result in a buildup of mannoside intermediate metabolites and the disease BETA-MANNOSIDOSIS.
Fibrobacter
Endo-1,3(4)-beta-Glucanase
Polygalacturonase
Substrate Specificity
Ascomycota
Nematoda
Schizophyllum
Cloning, Molecular
Enzyme Stability
Lactose
Penicillium
Bacillus
Phanerochaete
Fungi
A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.
Fermentation
Gram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods
EndB, a multidomain family 44 cellulase from Ruminococcus flavefaciens 17, binds to cellulose via a novel cellulose-binding module and to another R. flavefaciens protein via a dockerin domain. (1/122)
The mechanisms by which cellulolytic enzymes and enzyme complexes in Ruminococcus spp. bind to cellulose are not fully understood. The product of the newly isolated cellulase gene endB from Ruminococcus flavefaciens 17 was purified as a His-tagged product after expression in Escherichia coli and found to be able to bind directly to crystalline cellulose. The ability to bind cellulose is shown to be associated with a novel cellulose-binding module (CBM) located within a region of 200 amino acids that is unrelated to known protein sequences. EndB (808 amino acids) also contains a catalytic domain belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 44 and a C-terminal dockerin-like domain. Purified EndB is also shown to bind specifically via its dockerin domain to a polypeptide of ca. 130 kDa present among supernatant proteins from Avicel-grown R. flavefaciens that attach to cellulose. The protein to which EndB attaches is a strong candidate for the scaffolding component of a cellulosome-like multienzyme complex recently identified in this species (S.-Y. Ding et al., J. Bacteriol. 183:1945-1953, 2001). It is concluded that binding of EndB to cellulose may occur both through its own CBM and potentially also through its involvement in a cellulosome complex. (+info)Cloning and overexpression of the avi2 gene encoding a major cellulase produced by Humicola insolens FERM BP-5977. (2/122)
The avi2 gene encoding Avi2, which is a major cellulase produced by Humicola insolens FERM BP-5977, was cloned and sequenced. Avi2 showed high homology with other family 6 cellulases. The expression vector pNCE4 containing the avi2 gene was constructed, and this strain was transformed using a protoplast method. As a result, the pNCE4 transformant secreted 8-fold more Avi2 than the recipient strain. (+info)Termite gut symbiotic archaezoa are becoming living metabolic fossils. (3/122)
Over the course of several million years, the eukaryotic gut symbionts of lower termites have become adapted to a cellulolytic environment. Up to now it has been believed that they produce nutriments using their own cellulolytic enzymes for the benefit of their termite host. However, we have now isolated two endoglucanases with similar apparent molecular masses of approximately 36 kDa from the not yet culturable symbiotic Archaezoa living in the hindgut of the most primitive Australian termite, Mastotermes darwiniensis. The N-terminal sequences of these cellulases exhibited significant homology to cellulases of termite origin, which belong to glycosyl hydrolase family 9. The corresponding genes were detected not in the mRNA pool of the flagellates but in the salivary glands of M. darwiniensis. This showed that cellulases isolated from the flagellate cells originated from the termite host. By use of a PCR-based approach, DNAs encoding cellulases belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 45 were obtained from micromanipulated nuclei of the flagellates Koruga bonita and Deltotrichonympha nana. These results indicated that the intestinal flagellates of M. darwiniensis take up the termite's cellulases from gut contents. K. bonita and D. nana possess at least their own endoglucanase genes, which are still expressed, but without significant enzyme activity in the nutritive vacuole. These findings give the impression that the gut Archaezoa are heading toward a secondary loss of their own endoglucanases and that they use exclusively termite cellulases. (+info)Ruminococcus albus 8 mutants defective in cellulose degradation are deficient in two processive endocellulases, Cel48A and Cel9B, both of which possess a novel modular architecture. (4/122)
The cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus albus 8 adheres tightly to cellulose, but the molecular biology underpinning this process is not well characterized. Subtractive enrichment procedures were used to isolate mutants of R. albus 8 that are defective in adhesion to cellulose. Adhesion of the mutant strains was reduced 50% compared to that observed with the wild-type strain, and cellulose solubilization was also shown to be slower in these mutant strains, suggesting that bacterial adhesion and cellulose solubilization are inextricably linked. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that all three mutants studied were impaired in the production of two high-molecular-mass, cell-bound polypeptides when they were cultured with either cellobiose or cellulose. The identities of these proteins were determined by a combination of mass spectrometry methods and genome sequence data for R. albus 8. One of the polypeptides is a family 9 glycoside hydrolase (Cel9B), and the other is a family 48 glycoside hydrolase (Cel48A). Both Cel9B and Cel48A possess a modular architecture, Cel9B possesses features characteristic of the B(2) (or theme D) group of family 9 glycoside hydrolases, and Cel48A is structurally similar to the processive endocellulases CelF and CelS from Clostridium cellulolyticum and Clostridium thermocellum, respectively. Both Cel9B and Cel48A could be recovered by cellulose affinity procedures, but neither Cel9B nor Cel48A contains a dockerin, suggesting that these polypeptides are retained on the bacterial cell surface, and recovery by cellulose affinity procedures did not involve a clostridium-like cellulosome complex. Instead, both proteins possess a single copy of a novel X module with an unknown function at the C terminus. Such X modules are also present in several other R. albus glycoside hydrolases and are phylogentically distinct from the fibronectin III-like and X modules identified so far in other cellulolytic bacteria. (+info)Dietary lignins are precursors of mammalian lignans in rats. (5/122)
The mammalian lignans enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol, commonly found in human plasma and urine, are phytoestrogens that may contribute to the prevention of breast cancer and coronary heart disease. They are formed by the conversion of dietary precursors such as secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol lignans by the colonic microflora. The identification of lignins, cell-wall polymers structurally related to lignans, as precursors of mammalian lignans is reported here for the first time. In study 1, rats were fed rye or wheat bran (15% diet) for 5 d. Untreated brans and brans extracted with solvents to remove lignans were compared. ENL was estimated in urine samples collected for 24 h by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. ENL urinary excretion was reduced from 18.6 to 5.3 nmol/d (n=8; P<0.001) when lignans were removed from rye bran and from 30.5 to 6.2 nmol/d (P<0.001) when they were removed from wheat bran. These results suggest that lignins, embedded in the cell wall and retained in the bran during solvent extraction, account for 26-32% of the ENL formed from cereal brans. In study 2, rats were fed a deuterated synthetic lignin (0.2% diet) together with wheat bran (15%) for 3 d. The detection of deuterated ENL by LC-tandem MS in urine (20 nmol/d) clearly confirms the conversion of lignin into mammalian lignans. More research is warranted to determine the bioavailability of lignins in the human diet. (+info)Heterogeneity of homologously expressed Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) Cel7B catalytic module. (6/122)
The catalytic module of Hypocrea jecorina (previously Trichoderma reesei) Cel7B was homologously expressed by transformation of strain QM9414. Post-translational modifications in purified Cel7B preparations were analysed by enzymatic digestions, high performance chromatography, mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis. Of the five potential sites found in the wild-type enzyme, only Asn56 and Asn182 were found to be N-glycosylated. GlcNAc(2)Man(5) was identified as the predominant N-glycan, although lesser amounts of GlcNAc(2)Man(7) and glycans carrying a mannophosphodiester bond were also detected. Repartition of neutral and charged glycan structures over the two glycosylation sites mainly accounts for the observed microheterogeneity of the protein. However, partial deamidation of Asn259 and a partially occupied O-glycosylation site give rise to further complexity in enzyme preparations. (+info)Fungal cell wall chitinases and glucanases. (7/122)
The fungal cell wall is a complex structure composed of chitin, glucans and other polymers, and there is evidence of extensive cross-linking between these components. The wall structure is highly dynamic, changing constantly during cell division, growth and morphogenesis. Hydrolytic enzymes, closely associated with the cell wall, have been implicated in the maintenance of wall plasticity and may have roles during branching and cross-linking of polymers. Most fungal cell wall hydrolases identified to date have chitinase or glucanase activity and this short article reviews the apparent functions of these enzymes in unicellular and filamentous fungi, and the mechanisms that regulate enzyme activity in yeasts. (+info)Structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic analyses of tetrahydrooxazine-derived inhibitors bound to beta-glucosidases. (8/122)
The understanding of transition state mimicry in glycoside hydrolysis is increasingly important both in the quest for novel specific therapeutic agents and for the deduction of enzyme function and mechanism. To aid comprehension, inhibitors can be characterized through kinetic, thermodynamic, and structural dissection to build an "inhibition profile." Here we dissect the binding of a tetrahydrooxazine inhibitor and its derivatives, which display Ki values around 500 nm. X-ray structures with both a beta-glucosidase, at 2 A resolution, and an endoglucanase at atomic (approximately 1 A) resolution reveal similar interactions between the tetrahydrooxazine inhibitor and both enzymes. Kinetic analyses reveal the pH dependence of kcat/Km and 1/Ki with both enzyme systems, and isothermal titration calorimetry unveils the enthalpic and entropic contributions to beta-glucosidase inhibition. The pH dependence of enzyme activity mirrored that of 1/Ki in both enzymes, unlike the cases of isofagomine and 1-deoxynojirimycin that have been characterized previously. Calorimetric dissection reveals a large favorable enthalpy that is partially offset by an unfavorable entropy upon binding. In terms of the similar profile for the pH dependence of 1/Ki and the pH dependence of kcat/Km, the significant enthalpy of binding when compared with other glycosidase inhibitors, and the tight binding at the optimal pH of the enzymes tested, tetrahydrooxazine and its derivatives are a significantly better class of glycosidase inhibitor than previously assumed. (+info)
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Alkaliphile
... cellulases; lipases; xylanases; pectinases; chitinases and their metabolites, including: 2-phenylamine; carotenoids; ...
Cellulose
A cellulase may function to cleave the primer from the mature chain. Cellulose is also synthesised by tunicate animals, ... The enzymes used to cleave the glycosidic linkage in cellulose are glycoside hydrolases including endo-acting cellulases and ... Tokuda, G; Watanabe, H (22 June 2007). "Hidden cellulases in termites: revision of an old hypothesis". Biology Letters. 3 (3): ... "Fungal Cellulases". Chemical Reviews. 115 (3): 1308-1448. doi:10.1021/cr500351c. PMID 25629559. Mettler, Matthew S.; Vlachos, ...
Fungal extracellular enzyme activity
One soft-rot Ascomycete, Trichoderma reesei, is used extensively in industrial applications as a source for cellulases and ... Wilson, David B (2009). "Cellulases and biofuels". Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 20 (3): 295-299. doi:10.1016/j.copbio. ... Extracellular enzymes target macromolecules such as carbohydrates (cellulases), lignin (oxidases), organic phosphates ( ... production of extracellular enzymes and characterization of the major cellulases". Microbiology. 152 (12): 3613-3622. doi: ...
Cellobiose
Wilson, David B. (2009). "Cellulases and biofuels". Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 20 (3): 295-299. doi:10.1016/j.copbio. ...
Harry J. Gilbert
Gilbert, H. J.; Hazlewood, G. P. (1993). "Bacterial cellulases and xylanases". Journal of General Microbiology. 139 (2): 187- ...
Lichenase
Barras DR, Moore AE, Stone BA (1969). "Enzyme-Substrate Relationships Among β-Glucan Hydrolases". Cellulases and Their ...
Theodoxus
Green algae[clarification needed] are not consumed; Theodoxus has no cellulases. These snails lay egg capsules containing 30-70 ...
Enzyme washing
In the enzyme wash process, cellulases act on exposed cellulose on the cotton fibers, freeing indigo dye from the fabric. The ... "Stone" Washing Jeans: Cellulases". IUPUI Department of Biology. "Enzymes make your jeans less thirsty". Novozymes.. ... Enzyme washing or "bio stoning" is a textile manufacturing technique in which cellulase enzymes are applied to denim. As with ... ENZYME WASHING INFORMATION Bhat, M.K. (2000). "Cellulases and related enzymes in biotechnology". Biotechnology Advances. 18 (5 ...
Penicillium verruculosum
Szakács, György; Réczey, Kati; Hernádi, Pál; Dobozi, Mária (1981). "Penicillium verruculosum WA 30 a new source of cellulase". ... "Cellulases of Penicillium verruculosum". Biotechnology Journal. 5 (8): 871-80. doi:10.1002/biot.201000050. PMID 20540109. Shah ... "Cellulases of Penicillium verruculosum". Biotechnology Journal. 5 (8): 871. doi:10.1002/biot.201000050. PMID 20540109. Wigney, ... "Enzymatic hydrolysis of pre-treated lignocellulose with Penicillium verruculosum cellulases". Journal of Molecular Catalysis B ...
Thermomyces lanuginosus
T. lanuginosis is unable to utilize cellulose because it does not produce a cellulase, but it is well adapted to using other ... Kuhad, Ramesh Chander; Gupta, Rishi; Singh, Ajay (2011-09-07). "Microbial Cellulases and Their Industrial Applications". Enzyme ...
Geyser
Industrial Uses of Thermophilic Cellulase University of Delaware, Retrieved on 2008-03-29 Archived October 10, 2007, at the ... Bhat, M.K. (2000). "Cellulases and related enzymes in biotechnology". Biotechnology Advances. 18 (5): 355-383. doi:10.1016/ ... An Extremely Thermostable Cellulase from the Thermophilic Eubacterium Rhodothermus marinus. Applied and Environmental ... "Treatment of recycled fiber with Trichoderma cellulases". Industrial Crops and Products. 20: 11-21. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop. ...
Exoenzyme
Cellulases and hemicellulases (including xylanases) are also used in the paper and pulp industry to de-ink recycled fibers, ... Cellulases and hemicellulases are used in these industrial applications due to their ability to hydrolyze the cellulose and ... Cellulases, hemicellulases and pectinases are different exoenzymes that are involved in a wide variety of biotechnological and ... In addition to the role they play in food production, cellulases are used in the textile industry to remove excess dye from ...
Chaetomium cellulolyticum
It is associated with the production of cellulase. Leisola, Matti; Ulmer, Duane; Pitkänen, Kari; Fiechter, Armin (1985-10-01 ... "Induction of Cellulases in chaetomium cellulolyticumby cellobiose". Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 27 (9): 1389-91. doi: ...
Trichoderma viride
The cellulase produced by the fungus partially degrade the cotton material in places, making it soft and causing the jeans to ... The mycelium of T. viride can produce a variety of enzymes, including cellulases and chitinases which can degrade cellulose and ... Treating Denim Fabrics with Trichoderma Reesei Cellulases. Textile Research Journal, 70(11), 969-973. https://doi.org/10.1177/ ...
Streptomyces viridobrunneus
... produces cellulase. List of Streptomyces species LPSN bacterio.net Straininfo of Streptomyces ... "Cellulase production by Streptomyces viridobrunneus SCPE-09 using lignocellulosic biomass as inducer substrate". Applied ... "Cellulase production by Streptomyces viridobrunneus SCPE-09 using lignocellulosic biomass as inducer substrate". Applied ...
Cellulosic ethanol
The cellulase family of enzymes have a one to two order smaller magnitude of efficiency. Therefore, it requires 40 to 100 times ... For cellulase produced offsite, enzyme production amounts to 36% of cash cost. For enzyme produced onsite in a separate plant, ... A recent paper estimates the range at 13-36% of cash costs, with a key factor being how the cellulase enzyme is produced. ... Cellulose chains can be broken into glucose molecules by cellulase enzymes. This reaction occurs at body temperature in the ...
Penicillium occitanis
The mutant Pol6 produces a very high amount of cellulase and pectinase. This mutant might be used for industrial use. Belghith ... Ellouz Chaabouni, S.; Belguith, H.; Hassairi, I.; m'Rad, K.; Ellouz, R. (1995). "Optimization of cellulase production by ... Penicillium occitanis is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium which produces cellulase and pectinase. ... Jain, S.; Parriche, M.; Durand, H.; Tiraby, G. (1990). "Production of polysaccharidases by a cellulase-pectinase hyperproducing ...
Non-homologous isofunctional enzymes
Another Popular example of NISE are the Cellulase family of enzymes, particularly Cellulose 1,4-beta-cellobiosidase also ... Sukharnikov, Leonid O.; Cantwell, Brian J.; Podar, Mircea; Zhulin, Igor B. (2011). "Cellulases: Ambiguous nonhomologous enzymes ...
Glycoside hydrolase family 5
One of these families is known as the cellulase family A or as the glycosyl hydrolases family 5. One of the conserved regions ... Py B, Bortoli-German I, Haiech J, Chippaux M, Barras F (February 1991). "Cellulase EGZ of Erwinia chrysanthemi: structural ... Fungi and bacteria produces a spectrum of cellulolytic enzymes (cellulases) and xylanases which, on the basis of sequence ... Henrissat B, Claeyssens M, Tomme P, Lemesle L, Mornon JP (September 1989). "Cellulase families revealed by hydrophobic cluster ...
Oesophageal pouch
"The Distribution of Cellulases and Related Enzymes in Mollusca". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 1958. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals ...
Clostridium cellulovorans
"Degradation of corn fiber by Clostridium cellulovorans cellulases and hemicellulases and contribution of scaffolding protein ... "Properties of cellulosomal family 9 cellulases from Clostridium cellulovorans". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 71 (5 ...
Myceliophthora thermophila
Cellulases are rapidly synthesized by M. thermophila and can be used to degrade cellulose into simple carbohydrates as a food ... Coutts, A.D.; Smith, R.E. (1976). "Factors influencing the Production of Cellulases by Sporotrichum thermophile". Appl. Environ ...
Termite
Li, Z.-Q.; Liu, B.-R.; Zeng, W.-H.; Xiao, W.-L.; Li, Q.-J.; Zhong, J.-H. (2013). "Character of Cellulase Activity in the Guts ... Watanabe, H..; Noda, H.; Tokuda, G.; Lo, N. (1998). "A cellulase gene of termite origin". Nature. 394 (6691): 330-331. Bibcode: ... Most higher termites, especially in the family Termitidae, can produce their own cellulase enzymes, but they rely primarily ... Tokuda, G.; Watanabe, H. (2007). "Hidden cellulases in termites: revision of an old hypothesis". Biology Letters. 3 (3): 336- ...
Ulocladium chartarum
Cellulase activities of U. chartarum were found to be influenced by the mode of incubation as well as by the age of the fungal ... Sallam, Lotfy; H.El-Refai, Abdel-Monem; El-Sayed, Samia M. (1988). "Cellulase production by halophytic fungi: II. The role of ... some cultural conditions on cellulase production by Ulocladium chartarum". Zentralblatt für Mikrobiologie. 143 (8). doi:10.1016 ...
Chaetomium globosum
The cellulase activity of C. globosum functions best at temperatures ranging from 25-32 degrees Celsius and is stimulated by ... Cellulase is inhibited by ethyl malonate. Like many fungal species, C. globosum obtains their energy from carbon sources such ... Like most Chaetomium species, C. globosum decomposes plant cells using hyphal cellulase activity. Even though they are known to ...
Carbohydrate metabolism
"A cellulase gene of termite origin". Nature. 394 (6691): 330-31. doi:10.1038/28527. PMID 9690469. S2CID 4384555. Coleman, ...
Penicillium echinulatum
It is a source of cellulase. 5-Hydroxymaltol and mycophenolic acid are substances that can be found in P. echinulatum. " ... "Comparison of Penicillium echinulatum and Trichoderma reesei cellulases in relation to their activity against various ...
Glycoside hydrolase family 10
One of these families is known as the cellulase family F or as the glycosyl hydrolases family 10. Henrissat B, Callebaut I, ... Henrissat B, Claeyssens M, Tomme P, Lemesle L, Mornon JP (September 1989). "Cellulase families revealed by hydrophobic cluster ... cellulases) and xylanases which, on the basis of sequence similarities, can be classified into families. ... These enzymes were formerly known as cellulase family F. The microbial degradation of cellulose and xylans requires several ...
Streptomyces albaduncus
Harchand, R. K.; Singh, S (1994). "Catabolite repression of cellulase biosynthesis in Streptomyces albaduncus". Journal of ... Harchand, R. K.; Singh, S (1997). "Extracellular cellulase system of a thermotolerant streptomycete: Streptomyces albaduncus". ... "Characterization of cellulase complex of Streptomyces albaduncus". Journal of Basic Microbiology. 37 (2): 93-103. doi:10.1002/ ...
Assimilation (biology)
Most animals, however, do not produce cellulase; the enzyme needed to digest cellulose. However some animal and species have ... and cellulase. Photosynthesis, a process whereby carbon dioxide and water are transformed into a number of organic molecules in ... developed symbiotic relationships with cellulase-producing bacteria (see termites and metamonads.) This allows termites to use ...
Cellulase - Wikipedia
... cellulase A, cellulosin AP, alkali cellulase, cellulase A 3, 9.5 cellulase, and pancellase SS. Enzymes that cleave lignin have ... Cellulase unit, a unit for quantifying cellulase activity. References[edit]. *^ PDB: 1NLR; Sulzenbacher G, Shareck F, Morosoli ... Cellulase. A cellulase enzyme produced by Thermomonospora fusca, with cellotriose bound in the shallow groove of the catalytic ... Cellulase complexes[edit]. In many bacteria, cellulases in-vivo are complex enzyme structures organized in supramolecular ...
The dissociation mechanism of processive cellulases | PNAS
Trichoderma reesei has no true exo-cellulase: All intact and truncated cellulases produce new reducing end groups on cellulose ... The dissociation mechanism of processive cellulases. Josh V. Vermaas, Riin Kont, Gregg T. Beckham, Michael F. Crowley, Mikael ... The dissociation mechanism of processive cellulases. Josh V. Vermaas, Riin Kont, Gregg T. Beckham, Michael F. Crowley, Mikael ... The dissociation mechanism of processive cellulases. View ORCID ProfileJosh V. Vermaas, Riin Kont, View ORCID ProfileGregg T. ...
BAM Media M187: Cellulase Solution | FDA
Cellulase unit - Wikipedia
Cellulase, Ig-like domain (IPR004197) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
High Specificity Cellulases - Cellulose Hydrolysis | Sigma-Aldrich
Cellulase - Wikipedia
... cellulase A, cellulosin AP, alkali cellulase, cellulase A 3, 9.5 cellulase, and pancellase SS. Enzymes that cleave lignin have ... Cellulase. A cellulase enzyme produced by Thermomonospora fusca, with cellotriose bound in the shallow groove of the catalytic ... Cellulase action is considered to be synergistic as all three classes of cellulase can yield much more sugar than the addition ... Cellulase complexesEdit. In many bacteria, cellulases in-vivo are complex enzyme structures organized in supramolecular ...
Deletion of the Cel48S cellulase from Clostridium thermocellum | PNAS
Family 48 cellulases are a prominent component of many bacterial cellulase systems and, due to their ubiquity, are thought to ... Deletion of the Cel48S cellulase from Clostridium thermocellum. Daniel G. Olson, Shital A. Tripathi, Richard J. Giannone, ... Deletion of the Cel48S cellulase from Clostridium thermocellum. Daniel G. Olson, Shital A. Tripathi, Richard J. Giannone, ... 1993) Cellulase Ss (CelS) is synonymous with the major cellobiohydrolase (subunit S8) from the cellulosome of Clostridium ...
Prediction of Optimal pH and Temperature of Cellulases Using Neur...: Ingenta Connect
Enzymatic function of cellulase is closely related to pH, temperature, substrate concentration, etc. For newly found cellulase ... Cellulase is an important enzyme widely used in various industries, and now in fermentation of biomass into biofuels. ... Keywords: Amino-Acid Distribution; Cellulase; HIV protease; Prediction Model; Statistics; backpropagation; cross-validation; ... The results show that the amino-acid distribution probability representing the primary structure of cellulase can predict both ...
Optimization of Cellulase Production from Bacteria Isolated from Soil
... and coconut cake stimulates the production of cellulase. Among bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens is the best cellulase producer ... Cellulase-producing bacteria were isolated from soil and identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilIs, E. coli, and ... Optimization of Cellulase Production from Bacteria Isolated from Soil. Sonia Sethi, Aparna Datta, B. Lal Gupta, and Saksham ... The optimum conditions found for cellulase production were 40°C at pH 10 with glucose as carbon source and ammonium sulphate as ...
Harnessing glycosylation to improve cellulase activity | RTI
Cellulases and hemicellulases are responsible for the turnover of plant cell wall polysaccharides in the biosphere, and thus ... Cellulases and hemicellulases are responsible for the turnover of plant cell wall polysaccharides in the biosphere, and thus ... We posit that glycosylation, instead of hindering cellulase engineering, can be used as an additional tool to enhance enzyme ... Harnessing glycosylation to improve cellulase activity. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 23(3), 338-345. ...
What Are the Functions of the Enzyme Cellulase? | Reference.com
Cellulase is used in many places, primarily the agricultural sector. Its often used as a food additive and to produce juices ... The primary role of the enzyme cellulase is to split cellulose.. ... Cellulase is found in all plants and is quite abundant. In fact ... The primary role of the enzyme cellulase is to split cellulose.. Cellulase is used in many places, primarily the agricultural ... Cellulase naturally occurs in plant tissues; there, it acts as a reinforcing material. It is thick and viscous in its physical ...
cellulase | Dye | Hydrolysis
NOTERelationship Between Cellulase Treatment and Direct Dye Dyeing for Cotton INTRODUCTION ... ... treated with cellulase for 24 h and then the WL was ex- could be attacked by cellulase with more difficulty. amined. The dyeing ... with Cellulase by cellulase-catalyzed hydrolytic cleavage. If the cleavage causes a change in -Ape, -Apo would monotonously WL ... rics caused by cellulase treatment. Voand V, are effective volume terms of dyeing for untreated and cellulase-treated We would ...
celDZ1a - Cellulase CelDZ1 - Thermoanaerobacterium sp. - celDZ1a gene & protein
cellulase activity Source: UniProtKB ,p>Inferred from Direct Assay,/p> ,p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, ... Cellulase CelDZ1 (EC:3.2.1.4*Search proteins in UniProtKB for this EC number. ... Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 5 (cellulase A) family.UniRule annotation. ,p>Manual validated information which has been ... "Discovery and characterization of a thermostable and highly halotolerant GH5 cellulase from an Icelandic hot spring isolate.". ...
Regulation and Improvement of Cellulase Production: Recent Advances
Cellulases are formed adaptively, and several positive (xyr1, Ace2, HAP2/3/5) and negative (Ace1, Cre1) components involved in ... In this review, we summarise current knowledge about how cellulase biosynthesis is regulated, and outline recent approaches and ... Trichoderma reesei is the preferred organism for producing industrial cellulases. However, a more efficient heterologous ... Cellulases and hemicellulases are the main industrial sources from different microorganisms used to depolymerise plant biomass ...
Cellulose, cellulases and cellulosomes
... the cellulases. Cellulolytic microorganisms produce a wide variety of different catalytic and noncatalytic enzyme modules, ... which form the cellulases and act synergistically on their substrate. In some microbes, several types of cellulases are ... Cellulose, cellulases and cellulosomes Curr Opin Struct Biol. 1998 Oct;8(5):548-57. doi: 10.1016/s0959-440x(98)80143-7. ... the cellulases. Cellulolytic microorganisms produce a wide variety of different catalytic and noncatalytic enzyme modules, ...
258b) Kinetic Modeling of Cellulose Hydrolysis with First Order Inactivation of Adsorbed Cellulases | AIChE
Cellulase / hyoscyamine / pancrelipase / phenyltoloxamine and Zymine HC Drug Interactions - Drugs.com
A Moderate Drug Interaction exists between cellulase / hyoscyamine / pancrelipase / phenyltoloxamine and Zymine HC. View ... Applies to: cellulase / hyoscyamine / pancrelipase / phenyltoloxamine and cellulase / hyoscyamine / pancrelipase / ... Drug Interactions between cellulase / hyoscyamine / pancrelipase / phenyltoloxamine and Zymine HC. This report displays the ... Applies to: cellulase / hyoscyamine / pancrelipase / phenyltoloxamine and Zymine HC (hydrocodone / pseudoephedrine / ...
Enhanced Production of Cellulase from Pineapple Waste by Response Surface Methodology
The maximum cellulase activity was observed at 4.59 g/L of KH2PO4. Figures 6 and 7 show the dependency of cellulase activity on ... were found to be significant for the production of cellulase. The coefficient of determination for cellulase activity was ... The maximum cellulase activity (8.61 IU/mL) was obtained from experiments which was very close to the cellulase production ( ... The effect of carbon source (avicel) on cellulase production has been shown in Figure 2 in which the cellulase activity is ...
Patent US6063611 - Alkaline cellulase and method of producing same - Google Patents
A preferred cellulase has a calculated molecular weight of approximately 63 kD, a calculated isoelectric point of about 5 and a ... The present invention provides a novel cellulase composition obtainable from Bacillus sp. CBS 669.93. ... Thus cellulase with an identical amino acid sequence to the 63 kD cellulase of the invention derived from a different Bacillus ... A cellulase is "obtainable from" Bacillus 668.93 if such cellulase has an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino ...
Cellulase / hyoscyamine / pancrelipase / phenyltoloxamine and Ricobid-D Drug Interactions - Drugs.com
Advances in lignocellulosic biotechnology: A brief review on lignocellulosic biomass and cellulases
... ligninases or cellulases. Cellulases provide a key opportunity for achieving tremendous benefits of biomass utilization. ... ligninases or cellulases. Cellulases provide a key opportunity for achieving tremendous benefits of biomass utilization. ... Irshad, M., Anwar, Z., But, H.I., Afroz, A., Ikram, N. and Rashid, U. (2013) The industrial applicability of purified cellulase ... Advances in lignocellulosic biotechnology: A brief review on lignocellulosic biomass and cellulases () ...
Cellulases | Springer for Research & Development
The chapters in this book explore topics such as the role of cellulases in lignocellulose deconstruction for ge ... This volume discusses the latest research and techniques used to study novel cellulases. ... Cutting-edge and thorough, Cellulases: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for biochemists, molecular biologists, ... Cloning and Expression of Heterologous Cellulases and Enzymes in Aspergillus niger Morgann C. Reilly, Saori Amaike Campen, ...
Degradation of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose fibers and nanofibrils by crude cellulase | SpringerLink
... dispersed in water by a commercial crude cellulase was studied. Products crude cellulase-treated for 0-7 days were separated ... Biodegradation Cellulase Hydrolase Nanofibril TEMPO-oxidized cellulose This is a preview of subscription content, log in to ... newly exposed on the microfibril surfaces were rapidly hydrolyzed by cellulases predominantly present in the crude cellulase to ... but TOCN having free carboxyl groups had clearly low biodegradability by the crude cellulase. Thus, biodegradation behavior may ...
Interrelationships between cellulase activity and cellulose particle morphology (Journal Article) | DOE PAGES
Novel Aspergillus hemicellulases enhance performance of commercial cellulases in lignocellulose hydrolysis - Shin - 2011 -...
amylase-lipase-protease-cellulase oral Reviews and User Ratings: Effectiveness, Ease of Use, and Satisfaction
Study Reveals New Source of Robust Cellulases in Compost
The cellulases were cultured from a microbiome. Using a microbial community deviates from the approach normally taken of using ... The study, just published in the journal Nature Microbiology, talks about the discovery of new types of cellulases, enzymes ... This stability is a main advantage compared to other cellulases that degrade more quickly at high temperature, the researchers ... Study Reveals New Source of Robust Cellulases in Compost. *Download PDF Copy ...
Cellulase Y-C (From Trichoderma Viride)
Cellulase Y-C enzyme retains very high filter paper decomposing activity and showed an appreciable amount of hemicellulase. ... Cellulase Y-C (From Trichoderma Viride). Synonyms 1,4-(1,3:1,4)-β-D-Glucan 4-glucano-hydrolase ... Cellulase is used for protoplast preparations. This enzyme shows a very high filter paper decomposing activity, as well as, ... Cellulase is used for protoplast preparations. This enzyme shows a very high filter paper decomposing activity, as well as, ...
Cellulase Y-C (From Trichoderma Viride)
Cellulase Y-C enzyme retains very high filter paper decomposing activity and showed an appreciable amount of hemicellulase. ... Cellulase Y-C (from Trichoderma viride), 10 g. CN¥0.00 Key features and details. Cellulase Y-C enzyme retains very high filter ... Cellulase is used for protoplast preparations. This enzyme shows a very high filter paper decomposing activity, as well as, ... Cellulase is used for protoplast preparations. This enzyme shows a very high filter paper decomposing activity, as well as, ...
EnzymesHydrolysisTrichodermaThermostableEnzymaticAspergillusXylanasesXylanaseGenesHemicellulasesFeaturing cellulase productionSubstrateTypes of cellulasesCellulose surfaceActivityEnzyme cellulaseFungal cellulasesCellulolyticMicroorganismsHigher cellulase activitiesEnhanced cellulase activitiesAmylaseReeseiBacillusCellobiohydrolasesEndo-acting celComposition comprisinGeneProteinsFermentation of biomass into biofuelsDegradationFungiProductionAcidAssayEndoglucanasesBiofuelsCrude cellulaseProduce cellulasesBacterial cellulaseCellobioseCharacterizationExpressionTextileGlucoseSynergisticBreak down cellulose
Enzymes46
- Cellulase is any of several enzymes produced chiefly by fungi , bacteria , and protozoans that catalyze cellulolysis , the decomposition of cellulose and of some related polysaccharides . (wikipedia.org)
- Cellulase enzymes deconstruct recalcitrant cellulose into soluble sugars, making them a biocatalyst of biotechnological interest for use in the nascent lignocellulosic bioeconomy. (pnas.org)
- This is the N-terminal ig-like domain of cellulase, enzymes containing this domain belong to family 9 of the glycoside hydrolases ( GH9 ). (ebi.ac.uk)
- However, a more efficient heterologous expression system for enzymes from different organism is needed to further improve its cellulase mixture. (scirp.org)
- Gritzali, M. and Brown, R.D.J. (1979) The Cellulase System of Trichoderma Relationships between Purified Extracellular Enzymes from Induced or Cellulose-Grown Cells. (scirp.org)
- The structural complexity and rigidity of cellulosic substrates have given rise to a phenomenal diversity of degradative enzymes--the cellulases. (nih.gov)
- Cellulases are enzymes synthesized by a large diversity of microorganisms including both fungi and bacteria during their growth on cellulosic material. (hindawi.com)
- The fungus Trichoderma reesei is an efficient producer of cellulase enzymes. (hindawi.com)
- Cellulases are enzymes which are capable of the hydrolysis of the β-D-glucosidic linkages in celluloses. (google.com.au)
- The information is also given on the processing of agricultural biomass to produce industrially important enzymes, e.g., ligninases or cellulases. (scirp.org)
- SEC-PDA and 13 C-NMR analyses showed that glucuronosyl unit-containing molecules present on microfibril surfaces in TOCs and TOCNs were primarily cleaved by hydrolyzing enzymes present as contaminants in the crude cellulase to form glucuronic acid as one of the major water-soluble degradation compounds. (springer.com)
- After the glucuronosyl units in TOCs and TOCNs were degraded and removed from microfibril surfaces by the hydrolyzing enzymes, cellulose chains newly exposed on the microfibril surfaces were rapidly hydrolyzed by cellulases predominantly present in the crude cellulase to form cellobiose. (springer.com)
- The study, just published in the journal Nature Microbiology, talks about the discovery of new types of cellulases, enzymes that aid in breaking down plants into ingredients that can be used to make bioproducts and biofuels. (azocleantech.com)
- The location of most cellulase enzymes has beenstudied. (mdpi.com)
- Various fractions isolated from C.hutchinsonii after cell rupture were assayed for carboxymethyl-cellulase activity (CMC).The cellulases were found to be predominantly cell-free during active growth on solka-flok,although 30% of activity was recorded on cell-bound enzymes. (mdpi.com)
- inform industrial applications for large-scale purification of enzymes as well as to investigate the cellulase system of Penicillium echinulatum , which has been identified as a potential cellulase producer for bioconversion processes. (thomassci.com)
- Commercial cellulase enzymes have been used in the food, detergent, and textile industries, and are potentially effective for processing biomass feedstocks. (springer.com)
- Diversa, Caltech, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad and the Joint Genome Institute are also working on identifying cellulase enzymes in termite guts. (greencarcongress.com)
- One potential approach to applying the research would be transferring specific cellulase-expressing genes into bacteria, optimizing them and then culturing the leading bacteria to produce large quantities of enzymes to make ethanol from wood scraps and other fibrous materials. (greencarcongress.com)
- The plant then manufactures both the cellulose that you want to convert and the cellulase enzymes. (greencarcongress.com)
- We report here the real-time visualization of crystalline cellulose degradation by individual cellulase enzymes through use of an advanced version of high-speed atomic force microscopy. (sciencemag.org)
- One of the most widely used enzymes all over the globe is Cellulase. (sbwire.com)
- Cellulase is a group of enzymes that helps in the breakdown of the cellulose into smaller carbohydrates. (sbwire.com)
- The term Cellulase is also used to describe a mixture of enzymes working together to break down cellulose. (sbwire.com)
- Cellulase synergistically with other enzymes are also used to make fruit juices. (sbwire.com)
- Cellulase activity is detected using a series of coupled enzymes leading to the formation of a fluorescent product that can be detected on a chip. (harvard.edu)
- The possible existence of several different cellulases forming part of a cellulase complex, and the role of the enzymes in hydrolysing wall material during cell differentiation are discussed. (sheldrake.org)
- The identification of IL-tolerant enzymes that could be produced as a cellulase cocktail would reduce the costs and water use requirements of the IL pretreatment process. (rsc.org)
- Due to their adaptation to high salinity environments, halophilic enzymes are hypothesized to be good candidates for screening and identifying IL-resistant cellulases. (rsc.org)
- It is a highly concentrated liquid formulation of cellulase enzymes, is compatible with auxiliaries, including nonionic wetting agents and dispersants, lubricants, pumice stones, and diatomaceous earth. (burrillandco.com)
- Cellulase enzymes for Candida? (acne.org)
- Because the cell walls of candida are largely made up of fiber, cellulase enzymes have the ability to digest them and help move them out of the body. (acne.org)
- NSI® Candida Yeast Management contains several cellulase and hemicellulase enzymes that work together to break down the fibrous structure of candida. (acne.org)
- Cellulases and xylanases are enzymes of industrial significance, particularly in the pulp, paper, textile, and animal feed industries. (academicjournals.org)
- One of the potential sources of enzymes is the filamentous fungi, and hence bio-prospecting of this specific group of microorganisms with the highest levels of cellulase and xylanase secretions is being continuously undertaken. (academicjournals.org)
- Termite mounds have long been established as very good sources of filamentous fungi with the ability to secrete high levels of lignocellulolytic enzymes, and hence an ideal target for the bio-prospecting of cellulases and xylanases. (academicjournals.org)
- Analysis of a conserved cellulase transcriptional regulator reveals inducer-independent production of cellulolytic enzymes in Neurospora crassa. (biomedsearch.com)
- Degradation of cellulose to glucose requires the cooperative action of three classes of enzymes, collectively known as cellulases. (nih.gov)
- Adsorption of cellulases on the cellulose surface is an integral part of the catalytic mechanism, and a detailed description of the adsorption process is therefore required for a fundamental understanding of this industrially important class of enzymes. (ruc.dk)
- Biochemical characterisation revealed that both enzymes showed alkaline pH optima of 9.0 and the temperature optima of 65 °C. Substrate specificity profiling of the two enzymes using 1,4-ß-D-cello- and xylo-oligosaccharides revealed preference for longer oligosaccharides (n = 3) for both enzymes, suggesting that they are endo-cellulases/xylanases. (csir.co.za)
- Action of the major cellulase enzymes on cellulose. (asmscience.org)
- This enzyme complements previously engineered highly active, thermostable variants of the fungal cellobiohydrolases Cel6A and Cel7A in a thermostable cellulase mixture that hydrolyzes cellulose synergistically at an optimum temperature of 70°C over 60 h.The thermostable mixture produces three times as much total sugar as the best mixture of the wild type enzymes operating at its optimum temperature of 60°C, clearly demonstrating the advantage of higher temperature cellulose hydrolysis. (ucsb.edu)
- Lactose (1,4- O -β- d -galacto-pyranosyl- d -glucose) induces cellulolytic enzymes in Trichoderma reesei and is in fact one of the most important soluble carbon sources used to produce cellulases on an industrial level. (asm.org)
- Trichoderma reesei (teleomorph Hypocrea jecorina ) is well known for its high capacity to secrete large amounts of lignocellulosic enzymes that release fermentable sugars and has thus been developed into one of the most prolific industrial cellulase producers. (asm.org)
- As a concentrated source of cellulose degrading enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase, and beta-glucanase for use in enzyme feed additives. (americanbiosystems.com)
- Cellulases recycling is initially discussed regarding the main processes to recover active enzymes and the most important factors that may affect enzyme recyclability. (uminho.pt)
Hydrolysis18
- Cellulases enzymatically split cellulose into a variety of hexoses, this is called hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
- They show different Cellulase Treatment mechanisms of hydrolysis' and their roles were discussed in connection with the microstructure of cellulose. (scribd.com)
- Therefore, there is one possi- About 0.2 g of the samples was treated with a n aqueous bility that hydrolysis by cellulase could occur only in the solution of 0.2%cellulase under the condition of pH 4.5, disordered region of cellulose, due to steric hindrance. (scribd.com)
- In this work, a model based on Langmuir binding kinetics that also incorporates first order inactivation of adsorbed cellulase was developed that accurately predicts rates and yields during the hydrolysis reaction for two different cellulose substrates. (aiche.org)
- Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose is carried out by the enzyme cellulase, a multienzyme complex made up of several proteins. (hindawi.com)
- With the increasing demand for alternative liquid fuels worldwide, cellulase is being used as the primary enzyme for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass in bioethanol production process. (hindawi.com)
- Trichoderma reesei (teleomorph Hypocrea jecorina) is the main industrial source of cellulases and hemicellulases harnessed for the hydrolysis of biomass to simple sugars, which can then be converted to biofuels such as ethanol and other chemicals. (nih.gov)
- Project researchers will focus on the prevalent biological route to cellulose conversion: enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulases. (anl.gov)
- Time course of hydrolysis by exo-R cellulases. (nih.gov)
- We present a coarse-grained stochastic model for capturing the key events associated with the enzymatic degradation of cellulose at the mesoscopic level.Importantly, it captures the endo-exo synergism of cellulase enzyme cocktails.This model constitutes a critical step towards testing hypotheses and understanding approaches for maximizing synergy and substrate properties with a goal of cost effective enzymatic hydrolysis. (nih.gov)
- The hydrolysis profile produced by exo-cellulases is shown in Figure 10. (nih.gov)
- In this work, we introduced an enzymatic treatment with a cellulase prior to NCC isolation from fibers via sulfuric acid hydrolysis, combining biotechnological and chemical procedures. (upc.edu)
- Cellulose hydrolysis by individual cellulases and their mixtures can be modeled with a simple two-parameter model based on a modified classical kinetics scheme. (cornell.edu)
- however, the remaining IL in the hydrolysis buffer strongly inhibits the function of cellulase. (ejbiotechnology.info)
- Although the Trichoderma-based commercial cocktail CC-3 led to higher hydrolysis rates and conversions than all the other enzyme preparations, the Penicillium-based cellulases, especially PV-Xyl PCA and PV-Hist BGL, also showed good potential. (diva-portal.org)
- Cellulase can be used for either partial or complete hydrolysis, depending on dosage and conditions. (americanbiosystems.com)
- Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass by cellulase has been receiving attention. (nii.ac.jp)
- Rational approach to optimize cellulase mixtures for hydrolysis of regener. (rwth-aachen.de)
Trichoderma15
- Commercial cellulase (Meicelase) was kindly given by In order to utilize cellulase in the finishing of cellulose Meiji Seika Co. Ltd. This is from Trichoderma viride and materials such as cotton fabric, the effect of cellulase was used without further purification. (scribd.com)
- Trichoderma reesei is the preferred organism for producing industrial cellulases. (scirp.org)
- Mandels, M., Parrish, F.W. and Reese, E.T. (1962) Sophorose as an Inducer of Cellulase in Trichoderma viride. (scirp.org)
- Optimization of the media components for cellulase production using Trichoderma reesei was carried out. (hindawi.com)
- Among them, the genera of Clostridium , Cellulomonas , Thermomonospora , Trichoderma , and Aspergillus are the most extensively studied cellulase producers [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Iqbal, H.M.N., Ahmed, I., Zia, M.A. and Irfan, M. (2011) Purification and characterization of the kinetic parameters of cellulase produced from wheat straw by Trichoderma viride under SSF and its detergent compatibility. (scirp.org)
- CELLULASE FROM TRICHODERMA LONGIBRACHIATUM First draft prepared by Dr D.L. Grant and Dr E. Vasavour Health and Welfare Canada Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 1. (inchem.org)
- From mutant Trichoderma viride derived from the parent strain for Cellulase Onozuka R-10. (thomassci.com)
- Here, we present the large-scale production of COSs with defined degree of N-acetylation using a commercial cellulase preparation from Trichoderma longibrachiatum . (degruyter.com)
- One.Product presentation Cellulase is extracted from the fermentation solution which is produced by fermenting Trichoderma koningii which is a fruitful strain. (trademetro.net)
- The filamentous fungus Trichoderma parareesei is the asexually reproducing ancestor of Trichoderma reesei , the holomorphic industrial producer of cellulase and hemicellulase. (osti.gov)
- The property of APTC in affinity chromatography is demonstrated using Trichoderma reesei cellulases. (oregonstate.edu)
- Cellulase and hemicellulase genes in the fungus Trichoderma reesei are repressed by glucose and induced by lactose. (unboundmedicine.com)
- TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of disruption of phosphoglucose isomerase gene on carbon utilisation and cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Three enzyme preparations based on the cellulase complex of Penicillium verruculosum and three Trichoderma reesei-based enzyme cocktails were used for evaluating the enzymatic convertibility of cellulose contained in glycerol- and sulfuric acid-pretreated bagasse. (diva-portal.org)
Thermostable10
- This application note describes the thermal denaturation analysis of super thermostable cellulase using the TC-700PC with Denaturation Analysis program. (jascoinc.com)
- 1.2 mg/mL of super thermostable cellulase in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) was diluted with distilled water to the desired concentrations and measured using the J-1500 and TC-700PC. (jascoinc.com)
- The CD spectra of 0.01 mg/mL super thermostable cellulase was measured at 45, 80, 100 and 120°C and is shown in Figure 1. (jascoinc.com)
- Super thermostable cellulase maintains its activity at temperatures up to 90°C, which is consistent with our data illustrating that the thermal denaturation of the protein can only be seen for temperatures above 100°C. (jascoinc.com)
- Far-UV (195-260 nm) CD spectra of 0.01 mg/mL of super thermostable cellulase at 45°C (red), 80°C (blue), 100°C (yellow) and 120°C (green). (jascoinc.com)
- CD measurements were also obtained at 220 nm to probe the thermal denaturation of super thermostable cellulase. (jascoinc.com)
- Consistent with Figure 1, there is a sharp decrease in the CD value at temperatures over 100°C, indicating the loss of secondary structure and denaturation of the protein above 100°C. The melting temperature (Tm) of super thermostable cellulase was calculated by the Denaturation Analysis software and found to be 106.3°C. (jascoinc.com)
- The present invention provides for a composition comprising an ionic liquid and a thermostable cellulose, and a method of hydrolyzing a cellulose, comprising: (a) providing a composition comprising a solution comprising an ionic liquid and a cellulose, and (b) introducing a thermostable cellulase to the solution, such that the cellulose is hydrolyzed by the cellulase. (energy.gov)
- The present invention also provides for a Thermatoga maritima thermostable cellulase mutant with increased cellulase activity. (energy.gov)
- Lamppa, Gayle 2004-10-07 00:00:00 A bacterial thermostable cellulase, the endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase E1 from Acidothermus cellulolyticus, was imported into chloroplasts, and an active enzyme was recovered both in vitro and in vivo. (deepdyve.com)
Enzymatic7
- Metagenomic analysis at the DOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI) of the microbiome helped expose that 70% of the enzymatic activity started from cellulases created by a bunch of uncultivated bacteria in the compost. (azocleantech.com)
- The aim of this study was to quantify and model the enzymatic degradation involving the decomposition of macrophytes, describing temporal activity of cellulases (EC 3.2.1.4 and EC 3.2.1.91) and xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) during in situ decomposition of three aquatic macrophytes ( Salvinia sp. (scielo.br)
- Studies Of Thermobifida Fusca Cellulases Cel9A And Cel48A Using A Novel Kinetic Modeling Approach For The Enzymatic Digestion Of Cellulose. (cornell.edu)
- The results were further validated at a higher scale in a setup consisting of 20 mL of reaction mixture with a substrate concentration of 100 g/L. For all the cellulase preparations, and regardless of the experiment scale, glycerol-pretreated bagasse displayed better enzymatic convertibility than acid-pretreated bagasse. (diva-portal.org)
- Cellulase-lignophenol complex was available as an immobilized cellulase with 20-60% of enzymatic activity of native cellulase with wider optimum pH range. (nii.ac.jp)
- Effect of alternating magnetic field treatments on enzymatic parameters of cellulase. (emf-portal.org)
- To evaluate the enzymatic parameters of cellulase exposed to an alternating magnetic field . (emf-portal.org)
Aspergillus4
- Cellulases in Ionic Liquids-The Long Term Stability of Aspergillus sp. (mdpi.com)
- SIGMA Cellulase from Aspergillus sp. (thomassci.com)
- To assess conservation and divergence of cellulase gene regulation between fungi from different ecological niches, we compared clr-2 function with its ortholog (clrB) in the distantly related species, Aspergillus nidulans. (biomedsearch.com)
- Cellulase from Aspergillus niger was used to hydrolyse carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) present in the fortified procaine pencillin formulation. (ijpsonline.com)
Xylanases4
- Cellulases and xylanases are receiving considerable attention because of their potential applications in several industrial processes. (scielo.br)
- This degradation is performed by various highly active cellulases, xylanases, glycosidases and xylosidases of rumen fungi 11 . (scielo.br)
- In nature, production of cellulases and xylanases is tightly regulated in this fungus. (springer.com)
- Taken together, findings of this study conceivably showed that termite mounds are a good source of filamentous fungi that in turn are also a good source of cellulases and xylanases that arguably, can be recommended for use in industrial and commercial settings. (academicjournals.org)
Xylanase8
- In this study, genes encoding xylanase (xynA-7) and cellulase (celA-5) were amplified from Neocallimastix sp. (scielo.br)
- Several cellulase and xylanase encoding genes have been cloned from Neocallimastix sp. (scielo.br)
- are well studied microorganisms and they have been reported as excellent cellulase and xylanase producers. (scielo.br)
- No synergistic effect on $\sp{14}$C-cellulose degradation was observed when these two cellulase complexes were incubated together or when the cellulase complexes were incubated together or separately in the presence of an exo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase produced by this organism (Exoglucanase A). Both cellulase complexes degraded xylan and the xylanase components migrated coincidently with all endo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase components present in both cellulase complexes. (illinois.edu)
- Xylanase production was ca . 5 times higher than cellulase values due to easy access to this compound by cellulolytic microorganisms. (scielo.br)
- The specific aim of this study was to isolate and characterize cellulase- and xylanase-producing filamentous fungi from termite mounds. (academicjournals.org)
- Cellulase and xylanase activities during the solid-state fermentation of wheat bran were detected and analyzed through spectrophotometry via the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid detection system for reducing sugars. (academicjournals.org)
- Liu Z, Sun Y, Feng T, Ji Q, Cong P, Chen Y, He Z. (2014) "Mammalian expression levels of cellulase and xylanase genes optimised by human codon usage are not necessarily higher than those optimised by the extremely biased approach. (cosmobio.co.jp)
Genes6
- In addition those optimizations of the promoter and linker for hybrid genes can dramatically improve the efficiency of heterologous expression of cellulase genes. (scirp.org)
- Researchers at the University of Florida and Purdue University have identified four cellulase genes-one in the Eastern Subterranean Termite ( Reticulitermes flavipes ) and three in microscopic symbionts that live inside the termite digestive system. (greencarcongress.com)
- Actually you take the cellulase genes out of the termites, evolve them so that the cellulase proteins act only at high temperatures, and insert these genes into the switchgrass that you're growing. (greencarcongress.com)
- Regulation of the cellulase genes is mediated by the repressor CRE1 and the activator XYR1. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Following nucleotide sequencing, translational analysis and homology searches, two cellulase encoding genes (cel5A and cel5B) belonging to the glycosyl hydrolyse family 5 were identified. (csir.co.za)
- We also present evidence that intracellular β-glucosidase-mediated lactose induction is further conveyed to XYR1 to ensure the efficiently induced expression of cellulase genes. (asm.org)
Hemicellulases2
- Cellulases and hemicellulases are responsible for the turnover of plant cell wall polysaccharides in the biosphere, and thus form the foundation of enzyme engineering efforts in biofuels research. (rti.org)
- Cellulases and hemicellulases are the main industrial sources from different microorganisms used to depolymerise plant biomass to simple sugars that are converted to chemical intermediates and biofuels, such as ethanol. (scirp.org)
Featuring cellulase production1
- Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), featuring cellulase production, cellulose solubilization, and fermentation in a single, integrated step, is a promising strategy for reducing processing costs ( 2 ). (pnas.org)
Substrate7
- Avicelase has almost exclusively exo-cellulase activity, since avicel is a highly micro-crystalline substrate. (wikipedia.org)
- Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are cellulases capable of liberating many sugar molecules in a processive manner without dissociating from the substrate. (pnas.org)
- One cellulase unit is that activity that will produce a relative fluidity change of one in 5 minutes in a defined carboxymethylcellulose substrate under the conditions of an assay (50 deg Celsius, pH 4.5). (wikipedia.org)
- Cellulolytic microorganisms produce a wide variety of different catalytic and noncatalytic enzyme modules, which form the cellulases and act synergistically on their substrate. (nih.gov)
- The optimization of cellulase production using pineapple waste as substrate was performed with statistical methodology based on experimental designs. (hindawi.com)
- Reversibility of substrate adsorption for the cellulases Cel7A, Cel6A and Cel7B from H. jecorina. (ruc.dk)
- The parameter that quantifies the time dependence of the digestion rate is an intrinsic constant for a given cellulase or mixture on a given substrate. (cornell.edu)
Types of cellulases1
- In some microbes, several types of cellulases are organized into an elaborate multifunctional supramolecular complex, known as the cellulosome. (nih.gov)
Cellulose surface1
- This functional model accounts for the mobility and action of a single cellulase enzyme as well as the synergy of multiple endo- and exo-cellulases on a cellulose surface. (nih.gov)
Activity24
- We posit that glycosylation, instead of hindering cellulase engineering, can be used as an additional tool to enhance enzyme activity, given deeper understanding of its molecular-level role in biomass deconstruction. (rti.org)
- Carboxymethyl- treatment on the dyeability of the materials must be stud- cellulase activity was 233,000 units/g as determined by ied. (scribd.com)
- 4.5 g/L, and yeast extract: 12.3 g/L. A maximum cellulase activity of 8.61 IU/mL was obtained under the optimized medium in the validation experiment. (hindawi.com)
- Cellulase Y-C enzyme retains very high filter paper decomposing activity and showed an appreciable amount of hemicellulase. (mpbio.com)
- Cellulase RS contains a high activity of decomposing natural celluloses. (thomassci.com)
- A showed maximum activity of 0.109 U/ml and 0.141 U/ml for total cellulase and endoglucanase activity respectively. (usda.gov)
- A survey was undertaken to identify major manufacturers/distributors of cellulases in the USA and to evaluate 13 representative commercial preparations for enzyme activity, protein concentration, and chemical composition. (springer.com)
- 24. The isolated chimeric fungal Cel7A polypeptide of claim 21, wherein the chimeric fungal Cel7A polypeptide has a cellulase activity at least 1.5-fold greater than the wild-type Cel7A polypeptide. (patents.com)
- Lichenase activity of CelA-5 was found to be higher than carboxymethyl cellulase activity. (scielo.br)
- A new ultra-high-throughput screening assay for the detection of cellulase activity was developed based on microfluidic sorting. (harvard.edu)
- Callus tissue, in which no vascular differentiation occurs, contains only low cellulase activity. (sheldrake.org)
- Phloem tissue also contains a soluble, cytoplasmic cellulase of high activity at pH 7.1 and xylem tissue contains cytoplasmic cellulase with an optimum at pH 6.5. (sheldrake.org)
- Low cellulase activity with a pH optimum similar to that of xylem homogenates was found in xylem sap. (sheldrake.org)
- Cellulase activity in abscission zones increases greatly just before leaf abscission. (sheldrake.org)
- It is a compound cellulase preparation with some activity of hemi- cellulase . (chinacsw.com)
- Due to its enhancing effect on cellulase activity, HAX1 was shown to be not only interesting for basic research, but also a promising candidate for expanding the set of biotechnological tools for industrial application of T. reesei . (springer.com)
- Importantly, misexpression of clr-2 under noninducing conditions was sufficient to drive cellulase gene expression, secretion, and activity in N. crassa, to a level comparable to wild type exposed to Avicel. (biomedsearch.com)
- However, misexpression of clrB in A. nidulans was not sufficient to drive cellulase gene expression under noninducing conditions, although an increase in cellulase activity was observed under crystalline cellulose conditions. (biomedsearch.com)
- On glucose, Δpgi1 and cre1+Δpgi1 mutants showed higher cellulase activity than Rut-C30 and QM6a, respectively. (unboundmedicine.com)
- The lower cellulase activity of these mutants in media with lactose could be attributed to a reduced ability to hydrolyse this sugar but not to an effect on the expression of xyr1. (unboundmedicine.com)
- The concentration (or actually dilution) of enzyme preparation required to effect this level of depolymerization is converted, through a somewhat indirect procedure, to the cellulase activity in filter paper units (FPU) per milliliter. (asmscience.org)
- In the presence of the IL, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]) concentration of 1 M, the cellulase activity retained 77.7% of non-IL condition. (ejbiotechnology.info)
- However, this cellulase retained its activity more than 90% at 55°C, and pH 4.0. (ejbiotechnology.info)
- A further comparison of the transcriptional responses of the Δ cel1a Δ cel1b strain complemented with wild-type CEL1a or a catalytically inactive CEL1a version and the Δ cel1a strain constitutively expressing CEL1a or the Kluyveromyces lactis β-galactosidase LAC4 showed that both the CEL1a protein and its glycoside hydrolytic activity were indispensable for cellulase induction by lactose. (asm.org)
Enzyme cellulase3
- A cellulase unit (CU) is a unit of measurement for the enzyme cellulase. (wikipedia.org)
- What Are the Functions of the Enzyme Cellulase? (reference.com)
- The primary role of the enzyme cellulase is to split cellulose. (reference.com)
Fungal cellulases2
- Most fungal cellulases have a two-domain structure, with one catalytic domain and one cellulose binding domain, that are connected by a flexible linker. (wikipedia.org)
- It is known that some ILs can have a strong inhibitory effect on fungal cellulases, making the digestion of cellulose inefficient in the presence of ILs. (rsc.org)
Cellulolytic4
- Although most cellulolytic bacteria have one family 48 cellulase, C. thermocellum has two, Cel48S and Cel48Y. (pnas.org)
- Cel48Y, which does not have a dockerin domain and therefore is not part of the cellulosome, is believed to form a separate, soluble, cellulolytic system in combination with a handful of other noncellulosomal cellulases ( 7 ). (pnas.org)
- Cellulase is also utilized in wine making due to its cellulolytic properties. (sbwire.com)
- The second major group of cellulolytic systems is the complexed systems wherein the cellulases are organized in relation to each other so that their action can be collective. (scielo.br)
Microorganisms1
- Electron microscope was used for investigate the impact of the resultant cellulase on corn stover degradation, while batch culture technique was used for investigate impact of different levels of the produced and commercial cellulases on total mixed ration digestibility by rumen microorganisms ( in vitro ). (scialert.net)
Higher cellulase activities1
- Such HAX1 overexpression on the one hand was suitable for regaining the function in hax1 disruption strains, and on the other hand resulted in notably higher cellulase activities in QM6a, especially by the expression of longer HAX1 versions. (springer.com)
Enhanced cellulase activities1
- Nucleic acid sequences encoding chimeric polypeptides that exhibit enhanced cellulase activities are disclosed herein. (patents.com)
Amylase3
- Read user comments about the side effects, benefits, and effectiveness of amylase-lipase-protease-cellulase oral. (webmd.com)
- Bromelain (Pineapple) Papain (Payapa) Pepsin Trypsin Chymotrypsin Betaine HCl L-Glutamic Acid Lactase Cellulase Pancreatin Protease Amylase Lipase FUNCTION: Bromelain has anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects due to. (chinacsw.com)
- Lin YS, Yang CC, Hsu CC, Hsu JT, Wu SC, Lin CJ, Cheng WT (2015) "Establishment of a novel, eco-friendly transgenic pig model using porcine pancreatic amylase promoter-driven fungal cellulase transgenes. (cosmobio.co.jp)
Reesei3
- Production of cellulase enzyme in large quantities requires understanding and proper controlling of the growth and enzyme production capabilities of T. reesei . (hindawi.com)
- Some additional studies on cellulase from T. longibrachiatum (reesei) have been submitted and are presented in this monograph together with the previously-reviewed studies. (inchem.org)
- Eleven of the cellulases tested were of T. reesei or T. viride origin and two were from A. niger. (springer.com)
Bacillus8
- Cellulase-producing bacteria were isolated from soil and identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens , Bacillus subtilIs , E. coli , and Serratia marcescens . (hindawi.com)
- Among bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens is the best cellulase producer among the four followed by Bacillus subtilis , E. coli , and Serratia marscens . (hindawi.com)
- The present invention provides a novel cellulase composition obtainable from Bacillus sp. (google.com.au)
- 1. A cellulase composition obtainable from Bacillus sp. (google.com.au)
- CBS 669.93 wherein said cellulase composition differs from the composition produced by wild type Bacillus sp. (google.com.au)
- The invention further relates to novel cellulase compositions, preferably derived from Bacillus sp. (google.com.au)
- A cellulase gene from a new alkalophilic Bacillus sp. (biomedsearch.com)
- Therefore, a study was undertaken to isolate Bacillus bacteria having the potential to produce cellulase from soil samples. (nepjol.info)
Cellobiohydrolases1
- However, most of these fungi apparently lack processive (exo-acting) cellulases, such as cellobiohydrolases, which are generally required for efficient cellulolysis. (usda.gov)
Endo-acting cel1
- It appears likely that P. placenta employs a combination of oxidative mechanisms and endo-acting cellulases to degrade cellulose efficiently in the absence of a significant processive component. (usda.gov)
Composition comprisin1
- 7. A detergent composition comprising cellulase composition selected from the cellulase compositions of claims 1, 2 or 3. (google.com.au)
Gene4
- Disruption of CipA by random integration of insertion elements has been reported in C. thermocellum ( 16 ), and targeted gene inactivation mediated by group II introns has been used to evaluate family 9 cellulase function in the mesophile C. phytofermentans ( 11 ). (pnas.org)
- GMLF7, and cellulase encoding bifunctional gene celA-5 from Orpinomyces sp. (scielo.br)
- Regulated control of cellulase gene expression across divergent fungal species would allow for high productivity of varied enzyme mixtures under a range of growth conditions and media compositions. (biomedsearch.com)
- d -Galactose restored the efficient cellulase gene induction in the Δ cel1a strain independently of its reductive metabolism, but not in the Δ cel1a Δ cel1b strain. (asm.org)
Proteins1
- Thus, the interaction of the CBD with filter paper apparently accounts for the mass-transfer-limited binding rate and also for the irreversible adsorption of intact CBH I. Adsorption isotherms at 50 degrees C indicate very similar relative association constants for the intact cellulases (0.24-0.30 l/g of cellulose), but drastically reduced values for CBH I core proteins (0.03 l/g of cellulose). (biochemj.org)
Fermentation of biomass into biofuels2
- Cellulase is an important enzyme widely used in various industries, and now in fermentation of biomass into biofuels. (ingentaconnect.com)
- Cellulase is used in the fermentation of biomass into biofuels, although this process is relatively experimental at present. (chinacsw.com)
Degradation1
- The quantitative description of cellulose degradation is calculated on a spatial model by including free and bound states of both endo- and exo-cellulases with explicit reactive surface terms (e.g., hydrogen bond breaking, covalent bond cleavages) and corresponding reaction rates. (nih.gov)
Fungi1
- Cellulase and polyphenol oxidase production were analyzed for three beetle associated fungi. (usda.gov)
Production19
- Optimization of the fermentation medium for maximum cellulase production was carried out. (hindawi.com)
- The optimum conditions found for cellulase production were 40°C at pH 10 with glucose as carbon source and ammonium sulphate as nitrogen source, and coconut cake stimulates the production of cellulase. (hindawi.com)
- In this review, we summarise current knowledge about how cellulase biosynthesis is regulated, and outline recent approaches and suitable strategies for facilitating the targeted improvement of cellulase production by genetic engineering. (scirp.org)
- The screening of nutrients and their influence on the cellulase production was studied using a Plackett-Burman design. (hindawi.com)
- Avicel, soybean cake flour, KH 2 PO 4 , and yeast extract were found to have the positive influence for the production of cellulase. (hindawi.com)
- It is known that the production economics of bioethanol is largely dependent on the cost of cellulase. (hindawi.com)
- The present invention further relates to the use of the novel cellulase in compositions recognized in the art as advantageously having cellulase added thereto, including, as an additive in a detergent composition, in the treatment of cellulose containing fabrics, in the treatment of pulp and paper and in the treatment of starch for the production of high fructose corn-syrup or ethanol. (google.com.au)
- In time course analyses of cellulase production in batch cultures, Entomocorticium sp. (usda.gov)
- Various costs involved in the production of Cellulase Enzyme Benzene Market are discussed further. (beforeitsnews.com)
- The restraints for the cellulase market are that its production is quite costly. (sbwire.com)
- To learn how cellulase production was improved by these techniques, we performed massively parallel sequencing to identify mutations in the genomes of two hyperproducing strains (NG14, and its direct improved descendant, RUT C30). (nih.gov)
- This homogeneity of functional categories suggests that multiple changes are necessary to improve cellulase production and not simply a few clear-cut mutagenic events. (nih.gov)
- Furthermore, addition of cellulose to a growing culture using cellobiose did not increase cellulase production compared to a control with no addition. (illinois.edu)
- Production of cellulase enzyme on medium of agricultural wastes by Fusarium graminearum to be used in ruminant feeding was the main objective of this study. (scialert.net)
- Impact of initial pH of growth medium, different nitrogen sources and variety of agriculture by products as a carbon sources on cellulase production have been studied. (scialert.net)
- Cellulase maximum production by F. graminearum was obtained at 20% corn stover, initial pH of growth medium 5.0 and peptone as a nitrogen source. (scialert.net)
- Deletion of pgi1 in Rut-C30 increased cellulase production, but only under repressing conditions. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Production of cellulase by these isolates was further scaled up to shake culture containing 50 ml medium similar to that used in test tube culture. (nepjol.info)
- Being still associated with a high cost of production, cellulases are commonly considered as one of the main obstacles in the economic valorization of lignocellulosics. (uminho.pt)
Acid6
- The results show that the amino-acid distribution probability representing the primary structure of cellulase can predict both optimal pH and temperature, whereas various properties of amino acids related to the primary structure cannot do so. (ingentaconnect.com)
- 2. A cellulase composition which comprises an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least 80% to SEQ ID NO:1, wherein the sequence identity is determined according to TFASTA, as described in Pearson & Lipman, Proc. (google.com.au)
- All addition levels of the produced cellulase increased dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose degradability of the treated diets, but the maximum produced cellulase efficiency% for dry matter degradability was obtained at 1200 IU kg 1 DM reached 23.19% over the control. (scialert.net)
- When preparing enzyme-treated substrates, care must be taken to employ phenolic acid esterase-free cellulases. (asmscience.org)
- This product is a kind of acid cellulase by fermentation of nonpathogenic microbe. (creative-enzymes.com)
- After the use of this acid cellulase, the fuzziness and the pilling is reduced, the feeling of fabric is more softer and smoother and the color is more lustrous. (creative-enzymes.com)
Assay2
- Rather than being an exact representation of the saccharification process that occurs in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), diafiltration saccharification assay (DSA) data were useful for comparison with SSF data in efforts to identify the influences of factors other than product inhibition on the performance of cellulases in SSF. (asmscience.org)
- MSL2 strain, obtained from rice paddy field soil was isolated based on screening of cellulase assay. (ejbiotechnology.info)
Endoglucanases1
- Cellulases (Endoglucanases) EC:3.2.1.4 catalyse the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose. (ebi.ac.uk)
Biofuels1
- The stability of the new cellulase complexes makes them appealing for applications in biofuels manufacture, the study authors said. (azocleantech.com)
Crude cellulase6
- The biodegradation behavior of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose fibers (TOCs) suspended in water and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNs) dispersed in water by a commercial crude cellulase was studied. (springer.com)
- Products crude cellulase-treated for 0-7 days were separated into water/ethanol-insoluble and -soluble fractions. (springer.com)
- Weight recovery ratios and viscosity-average degrees of polymerization of the water/ethanol-insoluble fractions clearly decreased with crude cellulase-treatment time, showing that both TOCs and TOCNs have biodegradability. (springer.com)
- Both TOCs and TOCNs having sodium carboxyl groups are thus biodegradable, but TOCN having free carboxyl groups had clearly low biodegradability by the crude cellulase. (springer.com)
- Through the use of ion-exchange chromatography and non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, crude cellulase was found to contain no fewer than 18 endo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase components and present in two cellulase complexes. (illinois.edu)
- MAb S1 recognized few components in crude cellulase demonstrating its specificity for Exoglucanase A. MAb S1 was used to investigate the cellular location of the Exoglucanase A. Thin-sectioning of R. flavefaciens followed by immunolabelling, and examination using a transmission electron microscope showed a non-specific interaction of the monoclonal antibody for the embedding resin. (illinois.edu)
Produce cellulases1
- A was found to produce cellulases and polyphenol oxidase. (usda.gov)
Bacterial cellulase1
- Here, we report on two plastid-engineered tobacco lines expressing the bacterial cellulase Cel6A. (nature.com)
Cellobiose7
- Oxidative cellulases depolymerize cellulose by radical reactions, as for instance cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor) . (wikipedia.org)
- Cellulases from family 48, along with family 9, are up-regulated during growth of C. thermocellum on crystalline cellulose as compared with cellobiose ( 12 , 13 ). (pnas.org)
- Relatively little CM-cellulase was formed when cells were grown on glucose and cellobiose. (mdpi.com)
- Apparently glucoseor labile substrates such as cellobiose seem to repress the formation of CM-cellulase. (mdpi.com)
- Cellobiose-grown cells produced more endo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase and $\sp{14}$C-cellulase, but an equal amount of exo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase compared to cellulose-grown cells. (illinois.edu)
- Growth on cellobiose or cellulose did not affect cellular location of either endo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase or exo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase, however cellulose-grown cells exhibited higher $\sp{14}$C-cellulase levels present in the supernatant as opposed to the cell pellet. (illinois.edu)
- Cellulase was constitutively produced in cellobiose- and cellulose-grown R. flavefaciens cells. (illinois.edu)
Characterization1
- The characterization of cellulase produced from MSL2 strain was described here. (ejbiotechnology.info)
Expression4
- Our results indicate that solubilization of crystalline cellulose by C. thermocellum can proceed to completion without expression of a family 48 cellulase. (pnas.org)
- Nutritional factors affecting cellulase expression in R. flavefaciens were also investigated. (illinois.edu)
- In this study, it was characterized and evidence for its regulatory impact on cellulase expression was provided. (springer.com)
- Ito Y, Yamanishi M, Ikeuchi A, Imamura C, Matsuyama T. (2015) " Combinatorial screening for transgenic yeasts with high cellulase activities in combination with a tunable expression system. (cosmobio.co.jp)
Textile2
- 8. A method of treating textiles comprising contacting said textile with a cellulase composition selected from the cellulase compositions of claims 1, 2 or 3. (google.com.au)
- Furthermore, cellulases are widely used in textile industry and in laundry detergents. (thomassci.com)
Glucose3
- Cellulases break down the cellulose molecule into monosaccharides ("simple sugars") such as beta- glucose , or shorter polysaccharides and oligosaccharides . (wikipedia.org)
- Most recently, the cellulose which was previously methylcellulase was defined as the amount of enzyme dyed with reactive dyes, was hydrolyzed by cellulase for which liberate 10 yg of glucose equivalents per 10 minutes. (scribd.com)
- One unit of Cellulase will liberate 1.0 µmole of glucose from carboxymethyl cellulose. (thomassci.com)
Synergistic1
- Cellulase action is considered to be synergistic as all three classes of cellulase can yield much more sugar than the addition of all three separately. (wikipedia.org)
Break down cellulose1
- Aside from ruminants, most animals (including humans) do not produce cellulase in their bodies and can only partially break down cellulose through fermentation, limiting their ability to use energy in fibrous plant material. (wikipedia.org)