Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.Cellulases: A family of glycosidases that hydrolyse crystalline CELLULOSE into soluble sugar molecules. Within this family there are a variety of enzyme subtypes with differing substrate specificities that must work together to bring about complete cellulose hydrolysis. They are found in structures called CELLULOSOMES.Cellulose: A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material, it forms the basis for many derivatives used in chromatography, ion exchange materials, explosives manufacturing, and pharmaceutical preparations.Trichoderma: A mitosporic fungal genus frequently found in soil and on wood. It is sometimes used for controlling pathogenic fungi. Its teleomorph is HYPOCREA.Cellulose 1,4-beta-Cellobiosidase: An exocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE and cellotetraose. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing ends of beta-D-glucosides with release of CELLOBIOSE.Cellobiose: A disaccharide consisting of two glucose units in beta (1-4) glycosidic linkage. Obtained from the partial hydrolysis of cellulose.Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium: A cellulose derivative which is a beta-(1,4)-D-glucopyranose polymer. It is used as a bulk laxative and as an emulsifier and thickener in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and as a stabilizer for reagents.Hypocrea: A genus of fungus in the family Hypocreaceae, order HYPOCREALES. Anamorphs include TRICHODERMA.Glycoside Hydrolasesbeta-Glucosidase: An exocellulase with specificity for a variety of beta-D-glycoside substrates. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing residues in beta-D-glucosides with release of GLUCOSE.Clostridium thermocellum: A species of gram-positive, thermophilic, cellulolytic bacteria in the family Clostridaceae. It degrades and ferments CELLOBIOSE and CELLULOSE to ETHANOL in the CELLULOSOME.Mitosporic Fungi: A large and heterogenous group of fungi whose common characteristic is the absence of a sexual state. Many of the pathogenic fungi in humans belong to this group.DextrinsPolyporaceae: A family of bracket fungi, order POLYPORALES, living in decaying plant matter and timber.Cellulosomes: Extracellular structures found in a variety of microorganisms. They contain CELLULASES and play an important role in the digestion of CELLULOSE.Clostridium cellulolyticum: A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It is a cellulolytic, mesophilic species isolated from decayed GRASS.Clostridium: A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases: Enzymes which catalyze the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in XYLANS.Glucan 1,4-beta-Glucosidase: An exocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages of 1,4-beta-D-glucans resulting in successive removal of GLUCOSE units.Glucosidases: Enzymes that hydrolyze O-glucosyl-compounds. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 3.2.1.-.Xylans: Polysaccharides consisting of xylose units.Hydrolysis: The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.Isoptera: An order of insects, restricted mostly to the tropics, containing at least eight families. A few species occur in temperate regions of North America.Tylenchida: An order of nematodes consisting of many species which are plant parasites. Female worms lay eggs that hatch either in soil or in the host plant.Aspergillus niger: An imperfect fungus causing smut or black mold of several fruits, vegetables, etc.Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Sporangia: A structure found in plants, fungi, and algae, that produces and contains spores.Neocallimastix: A genus of fungi in the family Neocallimasticaceae, order NEOCALLIMASTIGALES. They contain polyflagellate zoospores and grow on a range of simple and complex carbohydrates in the rumen of sheep and cattle.Actinomycetales: An order of gram-positive, primarily aerobic BACTERIA that tend to form branching filaments.Biomass: Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.Clostridium cellulovorans: A species of gram-positive, cellulolytic bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It produces CELLULOSOMES which are involved in plant CELL WALL degradation.Panicum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The seed is one of the EDIBLE GRAINS used in millet cereals and in feed for birds and livestock (ANIMAL FEED). It contains diosgenin (SAPONINS).Hydrogen-Ion Concentration: The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Gossypium: A plant genus of the family MALVACEAE. It is the source of COTTON FIBER; COTTONSEED OIL, which is used for cooking, and GOSSYPOL. The economically important cotton crop is a major user of agricultural PESTICIDES.Persea: A plant genus in the LAURACEAE family. The tree, Persea americana Mill., is known for the Avocado fruit, the food of commerce.Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase: An exocellulase with specificity for 1,3-beta-D-glucasidic linkages. It catalyzes hydrolysis of beta-D-glucose units from the non-reducing ends of 1,3-beta-D-glucans, releasing GLUCOSE.Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.Glucans: Polysaccharides composed of repeating glucose units. They can consist of branched or unbranched chains in any linkages.Biofuels: Hydrocarbon-rich byproducts from the non-fossilized BIOMASS that are combusted to generate energy as opposed to fossilized hydrocarbon deposits (FOSSIL FUELS).Fungal Proteins: Proteins found in any species of fungus.beta-Mannosidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-mannose residues in beta-D-mannosides. The enzyme plays a role in the lysosomal degradation of the N-glycosylprotein glycans. Defects in the lysosomal form of the enzyme in humans result in a buildup of mannoside intermediate metabolites and the disease BETA-MANNOSIDOSIS.Fibrobacter: A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria in the family Fibrobacteraceae, isolated from the human GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.Endo-1,3(4)-beta-Glucanase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,3- or 1,4-linkages in beta-D-glucans. This enzyme specifically acts on sites where reducing glucose residues are substituted at the 3 position.Polygalacturonase: A cell wall-degrading enzyme found in microorganisms and higher plants. It catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-D-galactosiduronic linkages in pectate and other galacturonans. EC 3.2.1.15.Substrate Specificity: A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.Ascomycota: A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterized by the formation of a saclike cell (ascus) containing ascospores. Most pathogenic fungi with a known perfect state belong to this phylum.Nematoda: A class of unsegmented helminths with fundamental bilateral symmetry and secondary triradiate symmetry of the oral and esophageal structures. Many species are parasites.Schizophyllum: A genus of fleshy shelf basidiomycetous fungi, family Schizophyllaceae, order POLYPORALES, growing on woody substrata. It is pathogenic in humans.Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Enzyme Stability: The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.Penicillium: A mitosporic Trichocomaceae fungal genus that develops fruiting organs resembling a broom. When identified, teleomorphs include EUPENICILLIUM and TALAROMYCES. Several species (but especially PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM) are sources of the antibiotic penicillin.Bacillus: A genus of BACILLACEAE that are spore-forming, rod-shaped cells. Most species are saprophytic soil forms with only a few species being pathogenic.Phanerochaete: A genus of fungi in the family Corticiaceae, order Stereales, that degrades lignin. The white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a frequently used species in research.Fungi: A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Fermentation: Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.Gram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods: A group of anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the Gram-staining method.Temperature: The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.
EndB, a multidomain family 44 cellulase from Ruminococcus flavefaciens 17, binds to cellulose via a novel cellulose-binding module and to another R. flavefaciens protein via a dockerin domain. (1/122)
The mechanisms by which cellulolytic enzymes and enzyme complexes in Ruminococcus spp. bind to cellulose are not fully understood. The product of the newly isolated cellulase gene endB from Ruminococcus flavefaciens 17 was purified as a His-tagged product after expression in Escherichia coli and found to be able to bind directly to crystalline cellulose. The ability to bind cellulose is shown to be associated with a novel cellulose-binding module (CBM) located within a region of 200 amino acids that is unrelated to known protein sequences. EndB (808 amino acids) also contains a catalytic domain belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 44 and a C-terminal dockerin-like domain. Purified EndB is also shown to bind specifically via its dockerin domain to a polypeptide of ca. 130 kDa present among supernatant proteins from Avicel-grown R. flavefaciens that attach to cellulose. The protein to which EndB attaches is a strong candidate for the scaffolding component of a cellulosome-like multienzyme complex recently identified in this species (S.-Y. Ding et al., J. Bacteriol. 183:1945-1953, 2001). It is concluded that binding of EndB to cellulose may occur both through its own CBM and potentially also through its involvement in a cellulosome complex. (+info)Cloning and overexpression of the avi2 gene encoding a major cellulase produced by Humicola insolens FERM BP-5977. (2/122)
The avi2 gene encoding Avi2, which is a major cellulase produced by Humicola insolens FERM BP-5977, was cloned and sequenced. Avi2 showed high homology with other family 6 cellulases. The expression vector pNCE4 containing the avi2 gene was constructed, and this strain was transformed using a protoplast method. As a result, the pNCE4 transformant secreted 8-fold more Avi2 than the recipient strain. (+info)Termite gut symbiotic archaezoa are becoming living metabolic fossils. (3/122)
Over the course of several million years, the eukaryotic gut symbionts of lower termites have become adapted to a cellulolytic environment. Up to now it has been believed that they produce nutriments using their own cellulolytic enzymes for the benefit of their termite host. However, we have now isolated two endoglucanases with similar apparent molecular masses of approximately 36 kDa from the not yet culturable symbiotic Archaezoa living in the hindgut of the most primitive Australian termite, Mastotermes darwiniensis. The N-terminal sequences of these cellulases exhibited significant homology to cellulases of termite origin, which belong to glycosyl hydrolase family 9. The corresponding genes were detected not in the mRNA pool of the flagellates but in the salivary glands of M. darwiniensis. This showed that cellulases isolated from the flagellate cells originated from the termite host. By use of a PCR-based approach, DNAs encoding cellulases belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 45 were obtained from micromanipulated nuclei of the flagellates Koruga bonita and Deltotrichonympha nana. These results indicated that the intestinal flagellates of M. darwiniensis take up the termite's cellulases from gut contents. K. bonita and D. nana possess at least their own endoglucanase genes, which are still expressed, but without significant enzyme activity in the nutritive vacuole. These findings give the impression that the gut Archaezoa are heading toward a secondary loss of their own endoglucanases and that they use exclusively termite cellulases. (+info)Ruminococcus albus 8 mutants defective in cellulose degradation are deficient in two processive endocellulases, Cel48A and Cel9B, both of which possess a novel modular architecture. (4/122)
The cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus albus 8 adheres tightly to cellulose, but the molecular biology underpinning this process is not well characterized. Subtractive enrichment procedures were used to isolate mutants of R. albus 8 that are defective in adhesion to cellulose. Adhesion of the mutant strains was reduced 50% compared to that observed with the wild-type strain, and cellulose solubilization was also shown to be slower in these mutant strains, suggesting that bacterial adhesion and cellulose solubilization are inextricably linked. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that all three mutants studied were impaired in the production of two high-molecular-mass, cell-bound polypeptides when they were cultured with either cellobiose or cellulose. The identities of these proteins were determined by a combination of mass spectrometry methods and genome sequence data for R. albus 8. One of the polypeptides is a family 9 glycoside hydrolase (Cel9B), and the other is a family 48 glycoside hydrolase (Cel48A). Both Cel9B and Cel48A possess a modular architecture, Cel9B possesses features characteristic of the B(2) (or theme D) group of family 9 glycoside hydrolases, and Cel48A is structurally similar to the processive endocellulases CelF and CelS from Clostridium cellulolyticum and Clostridium thermocellum, respectively. Both Cel9B and Cel48A could be recovered by cellulose affinity procedures, but neither Cel9B nor Cel48A contains a dockerin, suggesting that these polypeptides are retained on the bacterial cell surface, and recovery by cellulose affinity procedures did not involve a clostridium-like cellulosome complex. Instead, both proteins possess a single copy of a novel X module with an unknown function at the C terminus. Such X modules are also present in several other R. albus glycoside hydrolases and are phylogentically distinct from the fibronectin III-like and X modules identified so far in other cellulolytic bacteria. (+info)Dietary lignins are precursors of mammalian lignans in rats. (5/122)
The mammalian lignans enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol, commonly found in human plasma and urine, are phytoestrogens that may contribute to the prevention of breast cancer and coronary heart disease. They are formed by the conversion of dietary precursors such as secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol lignans by the colonic microflora. The identification of lignins, cell-wall polymers structurally related to lignans, as precursors of mammalian lignans is reported here for the first time. In study 1, rats were fed rye or wheat bran (15% diet) for 5 d. Untreated brans and brans extracted with solvents to remove lignans were compared. ENL was estimated in urine samples collected for 24 h by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. ENL urinary excretion was reduced from 18.6 to 5.3 nmol/d (n=8; P<0.001) when lignans were removed from rye bran and from 30.5 to 6.2 nmol/d (P<0.001) when they were removed from wheat bran. These results suggest that lignins, embedded in the cell wall and retained in the bran during solvent extraction, account for 26-32% of the ENL formed from cereal brans. In study 2, rats were fed a deuterated synthetic lignin (0.2% diet) together with wheat bran (15%) for 3 d. The detection of deuterated ENL by LC-tandem MS in urine (20 nmol/d) clearly confirms the conversion of lignin into mammalian lignans. More research is warranted to determine the bioavailability of lignins in the human diet. (+info)Heterogeneity of homologously expressed Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) Cel7B catalytic module. (6/122)
The catalytic module of Hypocrea jecorina (previously Trichoderma reesei) Cel7B was homologously expressed by transformation of strain QM9414. Post-translational modifications in purified Cel7B preparations were analysed by enzymatic digestions, high performance chromatography, mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis. Of the five potential sites found in the wild-type enzyme, only Asn56 and Asn182 were found to be N-glycosylated. GlcNAc(2)Man(5) was identified as the predominant N-glycan, although lesser amounts of GlcNAc(2)Man(7) and glycans carrying a mannophosphodiester bond were also detected. Repartition of neutral and charged glycan structures over the two glycosylation sites mainly accounts for the observed microheterogeneity of the protein. However, partial deamidation of Asn259 and a partially occupied O-glycosylation site give rise to further complexity in enzyme preparations. (+info)Fungal cell wall chitinases and glucanases. (7/122)
The fungal cell wall is a complex structure composed of chitin, glucans and other polymers, and there is evidence of extensive cross-linking between these components. The wall structure is highly dynamic, changing constantly during cell division, growth and morphogenesis. Hydrolytic enzymes, closely associated with the cell wall, have been implicated in the maintenance of wall plasticity and may have roles during branching and cross-linking of polymers. Most fungal cell wall hydrolases identified to date have chitinase or glucanase activity and this short article reviews the apparent functions of these enzymes in unicellular and filamentous fungi, and the mechanisms that regulate enzyme activity in yeasts. (+info)Structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic analyses of tetrahydrooxazine-derived inhibitors bound to beta-glucosidases. (8/122)
The understanding of transition state mimicry in glycoside hydrolysis is increasingly important both in the quest for novel specific therapeutic agents and for the deduction of enzyme function and mechanism. To aid comprehension, inhibitors can be characterized through kinetic, thermodynamic, and structural dissection to build an "inhibition profile." Here we dissect the binding of a tetrahydrooxazine inhibitor and its derivatives, which display Ki values around 500 nm. X-ray structures with both a beta-glucosidase, at 2 A resolution, and an endoglucanase at atomic (approximately 1 A) resolution reveal similar interactions between the tetrahydrooxazine inhibitor and both enzymes. Kinetic analyses reveal the pH dependence of kcat/Km and 1/Ki with both enzyme systems, and isothermal titration calorimetry unveils the enthalpic and entropic contributions to beta-glucosidase inhibition. The pH dependence of enzyme activity mirrored that of 1/Ki in both enzymes, unlike the cases of isofagomine and 1-deoxynojirimycin that have been characterized previously. Calorimetric dissection reveals a large favorable enthalpy that is partially offset by an unfavorable entropy upon binding. In terms of the similar profile for the pH dependence of 1/Ki and the pH dependence of kcat/Km, the significant enthalpy of binding when compared with other glycosidase inhibitors, and the tight binding at the optimal pH of the enzymes tested, tetrahydrooxazine and its derivatives are a significantly better class of glycosidase inhibitor than previously assumed. (+info)
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Catalysts | Free Full-Text | Cellulases in Ionic Liquids-The Long Term Stability of Aspergillus sp. Cellulase | Notes
EnzymesTrichodermaHydrolysisThermostable cellulaseEnzymaticAspergillusXylanaseMicroorganismsXylanasesGenesCellulolyticTypes of cellulasesReeseiActivitySubstrateEnzyme cellulaseFungal cellulasesEndoglucanasesBacterialFungiBacteriaCellulose surfaceHigher cellulase activitiesEnhanced cellulase activitiesFeaturing cellulase productionAmylaseBacillusEndo-acting celOrganismProteinsFermentation of biomass into biofuelsDegradationProductionAcidAssayGlucoseCrude cellulaseProduce cellulasesCellobioseCharacterizationExpressionTextileBiofuels
Enzymes44
- Cellulase is any of several enzymes produced chiefly by fungi , bacteria , and protozoans that catalyze cellulolysis , the decomposition of cellulose and of some related polysaccharides . (wikipedia.org)
- This is the N-terminal ig-like domain of cellulase, enzymes containing this domain belong to family 9 of the glycoside hydrolases ( GH9 ). (ebi.ac.uk)
- The structural complexity and rigidity of cellulosic substrates have given rise to a phenomenal diversity of degradative enzymes--the cellulases. (nih.gov)
- Cellulases are enzymes synthesized by a large diversity of microorganisms including both fungi and bacteria during their growth on cellulosic material. (hindawi.com)
- The fungus Trichoderma reesei is an efficient producer of cellulase enzymes. (hindawi.com)
- Cellulases are enzymes which are capable of the hydrolysis of the β-D-glucosidic linkages in celluloses. (google.com.au)
- The information is also given on the processing of agricultural biomass to produce industrially important enzymes, e.g., ligninases or cellulases. (scirp.org)
- SEC-PDA and 13 C-NMR analyses showed that glucuronosyl unit-containing molecules present on microfibril surfaces in TOCs and TOCNs were primarily cleaved by hydrolyzing enzymes present as contaminants in the crude cellulase to form glucuronic acid as one of the major water-soluble degradation compounds. (springer.com)
- After the glucuronosyl units in TOCs and TOCNs were degraded and removed from microfibril surfaces by the hydrolyzing enzymes, cellulose chains newly exposed on the microfibril surfaces were rapidly hydrolyzed by cellulases predominantly present in the crude cellulase to form cellobiose. (springer.com)
- The study, just published in the journal Nature Microbiology, talks about the discovery of new types of cellulases, enzymes that aid in breaking down plants into ingredients that can be used to make bioproducts and biofuels. (azocleantech.com)
- The location of most cellulase enzymes has beenstudied. (mdpi.com)
- Various fractions isolated from C.hutchinsonii after cell rupture were assayed for carboxymethyl-cellulase activity (CMC).The cellulases were found to be predominantly cell-free during active growth on solka-flok,although 30% of activity was recorded on cell-bound enzymes. (mdpi.com)
- inform industrial applications for large-scale purification of enzymes as well as to investigate the cellulase system of Penicillium echinulatum , which has been identified as a potential cellulase producer for bioconversion processes. (thomassci.com)
- Commercial cellulase enzymes have been used in the food, detergent, and textile industries, and are potentially effective for processing biomass feedstocks. (springer.com)
- Diversa, Caltech, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad and the Joint Genome Institute are also working on identifying cellulase enzymes in termite guts. (greencarcongress.com)
- One potential approach to applying the research would be transferring specific cellulase-expressing genes into bacteria, optimizing them and then culturing the leading bacteria to produce large quantities of enzymes to make ethanol from wood scraps and other fibrous materials. (greencarcongress.com)
- The plant then manufactures both the cellulose that you want to convert and the cellulase enzymes. (greencarcongress.com)
- We report here the real-time visualization of crystalline cellulose degradation by individual cellulase enzymes through use of an advanced version of high-speed atomic force microscopy. (sciencemag.org)
- One of the most widely used enzymes all over the globe is Cellulase. (sbwire.com)
- Cellulase is a group of enzymes that helps in the breakdown of the cellulose into smaller carbohydrates. (sbwire.com)
- The term Cellulase is also used to describe a mixture of enzymes working together to break down cellulose. (sbwire.com)
- Cellulase synergistically with other enzymes are also used to make fruit juices. (sbwire.com)
- Cellulase activity is detected using a series of coupled enzymes leading to the formation of a fluorescent product that can be detected on a chip. (harvard.edu)
- The possible existence of several different cellulases forming part of a cellulase complex, and the role of the enzymes in hydrolysing wall material during cell differentiation are discussed. (sheldrake.org)
- The identification of IL-tolerant enzymes that could be produced as a cellulase cocktail would reduce the costs and water use requirements of the IL pretreatment process. (rsc.org)
- Due to their adaptation to high salinity environments, halophilic enzymes are hypothesized to be good candidates for screening and identifying IL-resistant cellulases. (rsc.org)
- It is a highly concentrated liquid formulation of cellulase enzymes, is compatible with auxiliaries, including nonionic wetting agents and dispersants, lubricants, pumice stones, and diatomaceous earth. (burrillandco.com)
- Cellulase enzymes for Candida? (acne.org)
- Because the cell walls of candida are largely made up of fiber, cellulase enzymes have the ability to digest them and help move them out of the body. (acne.org)
- NSI® Candida Yeast Management contains several cellulase and hemicellulase enzymes that work together to break down the fibrous structure of candida. (acne.org)
- Cellulases and xylanases are enzymes of industrial significance, particularly in the pulp, paper, textile, and animal feed industries. (academicjournals.org)
- One of the potential sources of enzymes is the filamentous fungi, and hence bio-prospecting of this specific group of microorganisms with the highest levels of cellulase and xylanase secretions is being continuously undertaken. (academicjournals.org)
- Termite mounds have long been established as very good sources of filamentous fungi with the ability to secrete high levels of lignocellulolytic enzymes, and hence an ideal target for the bio-prospecting of cellulases and xylanases. (academicjournals.org)
- Analysis of a conserved cellulase transcriptional regulator reveals inducer-independent production of cellulolytic enzymes in Neurospora crassa. (biomedsearch.com)
- Degradation of cellulose to glucose requires the cooperative action of three classes of enzymes, collectively known as cellulases. (nih.gov)
- Biochemical characterisation revealed that both enzymes showed alkaline pH optima of 9.0 and the temperature optima of 65 °C. Substrate specificity profiling of the two enzymes using 1,4-ß-D-cello- and xylo-oligosaccharides revealed preference for longer oligosaccharides (n = 3) for both enzymes, suggesting that they are endo-cellulases/xylanases. (csir.co.za)
- Action of the major cellulase enzymes on cellulose. (asmscience.org)
- This enzyme complements previously engineered highly active, thermostable variants of the fungal cellobiohydrolases Cel6A and Cel7A in a thermostable cellulase mixture that hydrolyzes cellulose synergistically at an optimum temperature of 70°C over 60 h.The thermostable mixture produces three times as much total sugar as the best mixture of the wild type enzymes operating at its optimum temperature of 60°C, clearly demonstrating the advantage of higher temperature cellulose hydrolysis. (ucsb.edu)
- Lactose (1,4- O -β- d -galacto-pyranosyl- d -glucose) induces cellulolytic enzymes in Trichoderma reesei and is in fact one of the most important soluble carbon sources used to produce cellulases on an industrial level. (asm.org)
- Trichoderma reesei (teleomorph Hypocrea jecorina ) is well known for its high capacity to secrete large amounts of lignocellulosic enzymes that release fermentable sugars and has thus been developed into one of the most prolific industrial cellulase producers. (asm.org)
- As a concentrated source of cellulose degrading enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase, and beta-glucanase for use in enzyme feed additives. (americanbiosystems.com)
- A new nomenclature of cellulases and relative enzymes based on their structural classification is reviewed. (semanticscholar.org)
- Interestingly, analysis of the genome of T. reesei revealed an unexpectedly low number of genes encoding cellulolytic enzymes - despite the high efficiency of the cellulase mixture produced by this fungus. (biomedcentral.com)
- Consolidation of bioprocessing steps with lignocellulose is limited by hydrolysate toxicity, the fibrous nature of suspensions, and low activity of cellulase enzymes. (semanticscholar.org)
Trichoderma15
- Commercial cellulase (Meicelase) was kindly given by In order to utilize cellulase in the finishing of cellulose Meiji Seika Co. Ltd. This is from Trichoderma viride and materials such as cotton fabric, the effect of cellulase was used without further purification. (scribd.com)
- Optimization of the media components for cellulase production using Trichoderma reesei was carried out. (hindawi.com)
- Among them, the genera of Clostridium , Cellulomonas , Thermomonospora , Trichoderma , and Aspergillus are the most extensively studied cellulase producers [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Iqbal, H.M.N., Ahmed, I., Zia, M.A. and Irfan, M. (2011) Purification and characterization of the kinetic parameters of cellulase produced from wheat straw by Trichoderma viride under SSF and its detergent compatibility. (scirp.org)
- CELLULASE FROM TRICHODERMA LONGIBRACHIATUM First draft prepared by Dr D.L. Grant and Dr E. Vasavour Health and Welfare Canada Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 1. (inchem.org)
- From mutant Trichoderma viride derived from the parent strain for Cellulase Onozuka R-10. (thomassci.com)
- Here, we present the large-scale production of COSs with defined degree of N-acetylation using a commercial cellulase preparation from Trichoderma longibrachiatum . (degruyter.com)
- One.Product presentation Cellulase is extracted from the fermentation solution which is produced by fermenting Trichoderma koningii which is a fruitful strain. (trademetro.net)
- The filamentous fungus Trichoderma parareesei is the asexually reproducing ancestor of Trichoderma reesei , the holomorphic industrial producer of cellulase and hemicellulase. (osti.gov)
- The property of APTC in affinity chromatography is demonstrated using Trichoderma reesei cellulases. (oregonstate.edu)
- Cellulase and hemicellulase genes in the fungus Trichoderma reesei are repressed by glucose and induced by lactose. (unboundmedicine.com)
- TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of disruption of phosphoglucose isomerase gene on carbon utilisation and cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Three enzyme preparations based on the cellulase complex of Penicillium verruculosum and three Trichoderma reesei-based enzyme cocktails were used for evaluating the enzymatic convertibility of cellulose contained in glycerol- and sulfuric acid-pretreated bagasse. (diva-portal.org)
- Although the Trichoderma-based commercial cocktail CC-3 led to higher hydrolysis rates and conversions than all the other enzyme preparations, the Penicillium-based cellulases, especially PV-Xyl PCA and PV-Hist BGL, also showed good potential. (diva-portal.org)
- In contrast, the discovery of the filamentous mesophilic ascomycete Trichoderma reesei (then Trichoderma viride ) for its astonishing potential to produce extracellular cellulases took place just over 70 years ago. (biomedcentral.com)
Hydrolysis16
- Cellulases enzymatically split cellulose into a variety of hexoses, this is called hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
- They show different Cellulase Treatment mechanisms of hydrolysis' and their roles were discussed in connection with the microstructure of cellulose. (scribd.com)
- Therefore, there is one possi- About 0.2 g of the samples was treated with a n aqueous bility that hydrolysis by cellulase could occur only in the solution of 0.2%cellulase under the condition of pH 4.5, disordered region of cellulose, due to steric hindrance. (scribd.com)
- In this work, a model based on Langmuir binding kinetics that also incorporates first order inactivation of adsorbed cellulase was developed that accurately predicts rates and yields during the hydrolysis reaction for two different cellulose substrates. (aiche.org)
- Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose is carried out by the enzyme cellulase, a multienzyme complex made up of several proteins. (hindawi.com)
- With the increasing demand for alternative liquid fuels worldwide, cellulase is being used as the primary enzyme for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass in bioethanol production process. (hindawi.com)
- Project researchers will focus on the prevalent biological route to cellulose conversion: enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulases. (anl.gov)
- Time course of hydrolysis by exo-R cellulases. (nih.gov)
- We present a coarse-grained stochastic model for capturing the key events associated with the enzymatic degradation of cellulose at the mesoscopic level.Importantly, it captures the endo-exo synergism of cellulase enzyme cocktails.This model constitutes a critical step towards testing hypotheses and understanding approaches for maximizing synergy and substrate properties with a goal of cost effective enzymatic hydrolysis. (nih.gov)
- The hydrolysis profile produced by exo-cellulases is shown in Figure 10. (nih.gov)
- In this work, we introduced an enzymatic treatment with a cellulase prior to NCC isolation from fibers via sulfuric acid hydrolysis, combining biotechnological and chemical procedures. (upc.edu)
- Cellulose hydrolysis by individual cellulases and their mixtures can be modeled with a simple two-parameter model based on a modified classical kinetics scheme. (cornell.edu)
- however, the remaining IL in the hydrolysis buffer strongly inhibits the function of cellulase. (ejbiotechnology.info)
- Cellulase can be used for either partial or complete hydrolysis, depending on dosage and conditions. (americanbiosystems.com)
- Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass by cellulase has been receiving attention. (nii.ac.jp)
- Rational approach to optimize cellulase mixtures for hydrolysis of regener. (rwth-aachen.de)
Thermostable cellulase10
- This application note describes the thermal denaturation analysis of super thermostable cellulase using the TC-700PC with Denaturation Analysis program. (jascoinc.com)
- 1.2 mg/mL of super thermostable cellulase in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) was diluted with distilled water to the desired concentrations and measured using the J-1500 and TC-700PC. (jascoinc.com)
- The CD spectra of 0.01 mg/mL super thermostable cellulase was measured at 45, 80, 100 and 120°C and is shown in Figure 1. (jascoinc.com)
- Super thermostable cellulase maintains its activity at temperatures up to 90°C, which is consistent with our data illustrating that the thermal denaturation of the protein can only be seen for temperatures above 100°C. (jascoinc.com)
- Far-UV (195-260 nm) CD spectra of 0.01 mg/mL of super thermostable cellulase at 45°C (red), 80°C (blue), 100°C (yellow) and 120°C (green). (jascoinc.com)
- CD measurements were also obtained at 220 nm to probe the thermal denaturation of super thermostable cellulase. (jascoinc.com)
- Consistent with Figure 1, there is a sharp decrease in the CD value at temperatures over 100°C, indicating the loss of secondary structure and denaturation of the protein above 100°C. The melting temperature (Tm) of super thermostable cellulase was calculated by the Denaturation Analysis software and found to be 106.3°C. (jascoinc.com)
- The present invention provides for a composition comprising an ionic liquid and a thermostable cellulose, and a method of hydrolyzing a cellulose, comprising: (a) providing a composition comprising a solution comprising an ionic liquid and a cellulose, and (b) introducing a thermostable cellulase to the solution, such that the cellulose is hydrolyzed by the cellulase. (energy.gov)
- The present invention also provides for a Thermatoga maritima thermostable cellulase mutant with increased cellulase activity. (energy.gov)
- Lamppa, Gayle 2004-10-07 00:00:00 A bacterial thermostable cellulase, the endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase E1 from Acidothermus cellulolyticus, was imported into chloroplasts, and an active enzyme was recovered both in vitro and in vivo. (deepdyve.com)
Enzymatic8
- Metagenomic analysis at the DOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI) of the microbiome helped expose that 70% of the enzymatic activity started from cellulases created by a bunch of uncultivated bacteria in the compost. (azocleantech.com)
- The aim of this study was to quantify and model the enzymatic degradation involving the decomposition of macrophytes, describing temporal activity of cellulases (EC 3.2.1.4 and EC 3.2.1.91) and xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) during in situ decomposition of three aquatic macrophytes ( Salvinia sp. (scielo.br)
- Studies Of Thermobifida Fusca Cellulases Cel9A And Cel48A Using A Novel Kinetic Modeling Approach For The Enzymatic Digestion Of Cellulose. (cornell.edu)
- The results were further validated at a higher scale in a setup consisting of 20 mL of reaction mixture with a substrate concentration of 100 g/L. For all the cellulase preparations, and regardless of the experiment scale, glycerol-pretreated bagasse displayed better enzymatic convertibility than acid-pretreated bagasse. (diva-portal.org)
- Cellulase-lignophenol complex was available as an immobilized cellulase with 20-60% of enzymatic activity of native cellulase with wider optimum pH range. (nii.ac.jp)
- Effect of alternating magnetic field treatments on enzymatic parameters of cellulase. (emf-portal.org)
- To evaluate the enzymatic parameters of cellulase exposed to an alternating magnetic field . (emf-portal.org)
- At first, however, other commercial applications for cellulases were developed [ 16 - 18 ] as it became clear that efficient and complete saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars requires many more enzymatic activities than initially anticipated. (biomedcentral.com)
Aspergillus4
- Cellulases in Ionic Liquids-The Long Term Stability of Aspergillus sp. (mdpi.com)
- SIGMA Cellulase from Aspergillus sp. (thomassci.com)
- To assess conservation and divergence of cellulase gene regulation between fungi from different ecological niches, we compared clr-2 function with its ortholog (clrB) in the distantly related species, Aspergillus nidulans. (biomedsearch.com)
- Cellulase from Aspergillus niger was used to hydrolyse carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) present in the fortified procaine pencillin formulation. (ijpsonline.com)
Xylanase8
- In this study, genes encoding xylanase (xynA-7) and cellulase (celA-5) were amplified from Neocallimastix sp. (scielo.br)
- Several cellulase and xylanase encoding genes have been cloned from Neocallimastix sp. (scielo.br)
- are well studied microorganisms and they have been reported as excellent cellulase and xylanase producers. (scielo.br)
- No synergistic effect on $\sp{14}$C-cellulose degradation was observed when these two cellulase complexes were incubated together or when the cellulase complexes were incubated together or separately in the presence of an exo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase produced by this organism (Exoglucanase A). Both cellulase complexes degraded xylan and the xylanase components migrated coincidently with all endo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase components present in both cellulase complexes. (illinois.edu)
- Xylanase production was ca . 5 times higher than cellulase values due to easy access to this compound by cellulolytic microorganisms. (scielo.br)
- The specific aim of this study was to isolate and characterize cellulase- and xylanase-producing filamentous fungi from termite mounds. (academicjournals.org)
- Cellulase and xylanase activities during the solid-state fermentation of wheat bran were detected and analyzed through spectrophotometry via the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid detection system for reducing sugars. (academicjournals.org)
- Liu Z, Sun Y, Feng T, Ji Q, Cong P, Chen Y, He Z. (2014) "Mammalian expression levels of cellulase and xylanase genes optimised by human codon usage are not necessarily higher than those optimised by the extremely biased approach. (cosmobio.co.jp)
Microorganisms2
- Cellulolytic microorganisms produce a wide variety of different catalytic and noncatalytic enzyme modules, which form the cellulases and act synergistically on their substrate. (nih.gov)
- Electron microscope was used for investigate the impact of the resultant cellulase on corn stover degradation, while batch culture technique was used for investigate impact of different levels of the produced and commercial cellulases on total mixed ration digestibility by rumen microorganisms ( in vitro ). (scialert.net)
Xylanases4
- Cellulases and xylanases are receiving considerable attention because of their potential applications in several industrial processes. (scielo.br)
- This degradation is performed by various highly active cellulases, xylanases, glycosidases and xylosidases of rumen fungi 11 . (scielo.br)
- In nature, production of cellulases and xylanases is tightly regulated in this fungus. (springer.com)
- Taken together, findings of this study conceivably showed that termite mounds are a good source of filamentous fungi that in turn are also a good source of cellulases and xylanases that arguably, can be recommended for use in industrial and commercial settings. (academicjournals.org)
Genes5
- Researchers at the University of Florida and Purdue University have identified four cellulase genes-one in the Eastern Subterranean Termite ( Reticulitermes flavipes ) and three in microscopic symbionts that live inside the termite digestive system. (greencarcongress.com)
- Actually you take the cellulase genes out of the termites, evolve them so that the cellulase proteins act only at high temperatures, and insert these genes into the switchgrass that you're growing. (greencarcongress.com)
- Regulation of the cellulase genes is mediated by the repressor CRE1 and the activator XYR1. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Following nucleotide sequencing, translational analysis and homology searches, two cellulase encoding genes (cel5A and cel5B) belonging to the glycosyl hydrolyse family 5 were identified. (csir.co.za)
- We also present evidence that intracellular β-glucosidase-mediated lactose induction is further conveyed to XYR1 to ensure the efficiently induced expression of cellulase genes. (asm.org)
Cellulolytic4
- Although most cellulolytic bacteria have one family 48 cellulase, C. thermocellum has two, Cel48S and Cel48Y. (pnas.org)
- Cel48Y, which does not have a dockerin domain and therefore is not part of the cellulosome, is believed to form a separate, soluble, cellulolytic system in combination with a handful of other noncellulosomal cellulases ( 7 ). (pnas.org)
- Cellulase is also utilized in wine making due to its cellulolytic properties. (sbwire.com)
- The second major group of cellulolytic systems is the complexed systems wherein the cellulases are organized in relation to each other so that their action can be collective. (scielo.br)
Types of cellulases2
- Five general types of cellulases based on the type of reaction catalyzed: Endocellulases (EC 3.2.1.4) randomly cleave internal bonds at amorphous sites that create new chain ends. (wikipedia.org)
- In some microbes, several types of cellulases are organized into an elaborate multifunctional supramolecular complex, known as the cellulosome. (nih.gov)
Reesei5
- Production of cellulase enzyme in large quantities requires understanding and proper controlling of the growth and enzyme production capabilities of T. reesei . (hindawi.com)
- Some additional studies on cellulase from T. longibrachiatum (reesei) have been submitted and are presented in this monograph together with the previously-reviewed studies. (inchem.org)
- Eleven of the cellulases tested were of T. reesei or T. viride origin and two were from A. niger. (springer.com)
- Due to its enhancing effect on cellulase activity, HAX1 was shown to be not only interesting for basic research, but also a promising candidate for expanding the set of biotechnological tools for industrial application of T. reesei . (springer.com)
- An important step towards applying T. reesei cellulases industrially was the development of efficient strain mutagenesis and screening procedures in the 1970s. (biomedcentral.com)
Activity24
- Avicelase has almost exclusively exo-cellulase activity, since avicel is a highly micro-crystalline substrate. (wikipedia.org)
- One cellulase unit is that activity that will produce a relative fluidity change of one in 5 minutes in a defined carboxymethylcellulose substrate under the conditions of an assay (50 deg Celsius, pH 4.5). (wikipedia.org)
- Carboxymethyl- treatment on the dyeability of the materials must be stud- cellulase activity was 233,000 units/g as determined by ied. (scribd.com)
- 4.5 g/L, and yeast extract: 12.3 g/L. A maximum cellulase activity of 8.61 IU/mL was obtained under the optimized medium in the validation experiment. (hindawi.com)
- Cellulase Y-C enzyme retains very high filter paper decomposing activity and showed an appreciable amount of hemicellulase. (mpbio.com)
- Cellulase RS contains a high activity of decomposing natural celluloses. (thomassci.com)
- A showed maximum activity of 0.109 U/ml and 0.141 U/ml for total cellulase and endoglucanase activity respectively. (usda.gov)
- A survey was undertaken to identify major manufacturers/distributors of cellulases in the USA and to evaluate 13 representative commercial preparations for enzyme activity, protein concentration, and chemical composition. (springer.com)
- 24. The isolated chimeric fungal Cel7A polypeptide of claim 21, wherein the chimeric fungal Cel7A polypeptide has a cellulase activity at least 1.5-fold greater than the wild-type Cel7A polypeptide. (patents.com)
- Lichenase activity of CelA-5 was found to be higher than carboxymethyl cellulase activity. (scielo.br)
- A new ultra-high-throughput screening assay for the detection of cellulase activity was developed based on microfluidic sorting. (harvard.edu)
- Callus tissue, in which no vascular differentiation occurs, contains only low cellulase activity. (sheldrake.org)
- Phloem tissue also contains a soluble, cytoplasmic cellulase of high activity at pH 7.1 and xylem tissue contains cytoplasmic cellulase with an optimum at pH 6.5. (sheldrake.org)
- Low cellulase activity with a pH optimum similar to that of xylem homogenates was found in xylem sap. (sheldrake.org)
- Cellulase activity in abscission zones increases greatly just before leaf abscission. (sheldrake.org)
- It is a compound cellulase preparation with some activity of hemi- cellulase . (chinacsw.com)
- Importantly, misexpression of clr-2 under noninducing conditions was sufficient to drive cellulase gene expression, secretion, and activity in N. crassa, to a level comparable to wild type exposed to Avicel. (biomedsearch.com)
- However, misexpression of clrB in A. nidulans was not sufficient to drive cellulase gene expression under noninducing conditions, although an increase in cellulase activity was observed under crystalline cellulose conditions. (biomedsearch.com)
- On glucose, Δpgi1 and cre1+Δpgi1 mutants showed higher cellulase activity than Rut-C30 and QM6a, respectively. (unboundmedicine.com)
- The lower cellulase activity of these mutants in media with lactose could be attributed to a reduced ability to hydrolyse this sugar but not to an effect on the expression of xyr1. (unboundmedicine.com)
- The concentration (or actually dilution) of enzyme preparation required to effect this level of depolymerization is converted, through a somewhat indirect procedure, to the cellulase activity in filter paper units (FPU) per milliliter. (asmscience.org)
- In the presence of the IL, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]) concentration of 1 M, the cellulase activity retained 77.7% of non-IL condition. (ejbiotechnology.info)
- However, this cellulase retained its activity more than 90% at 55°C, and pH 4.0. (ejbiotechnology.info)
- A further comparison of the transcriptional responses of the Δ cel1a Δ cel1b strain complemented with wild-type CEL1a or a catalytically inactive CEL1a version and the Δ cel1a strain constitutively expressing CEL1a or the Kluyveromyces lactis β-galactosidase LAC4 showed that both the CEL1a protein and its glycoside hydrolytic activity were indispensable for cellulase induction by lactose. (asm.org)
Substrate2
- The optimization of cellulase production using pineapple waste as substrate was performed with statistical methodology based on experimental designs. (hindawi.com)
- The parameter that quantifies the time dependence of the digestion rate is an intrinsic constant for a given cellulase or mixture on a given substrate. (cornell.edu)
Enzyme cellulase3
- A cellulase unit (CU) is a unit of measurement for the enzyme cellulase. (wikipedia.org)
- What Are the Functions of the Enzyme Cellulase? (reference.com)
- The primary role of the enzyme cellulase is to split cellulose. (reference.com)
Fungal cellulases2
- Most fungal cellulases have a two-domain structure, with one catalytic domain and one cellulose binding domain, that are connected by a flexible linker. (wikipedia.org)
- It is known that some ILs can have a strong inhibitory effect on fungal cellulases, making the digestion of cellulose inefficient in the presence of ILs. (rsc.org)
Endoglucanases2
- However, there are also cellulases (mostly endoglucanases) that lack cellulose binding domains. (wikipedia.org)
- Cellulases (Endoglucanases) EC:3.2.1.4 catalyse the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose. (ebi.ac.uk)
Bacterial3
- The bacterial population, Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans, produced cellulases that were arranged in extraordinarily robust carbohydrate-protein complexes, a structure never before seen in isolates. (azocleantech.com)
- Here, we report on two plastid-engineered tobacco lines expressing the bacterial cellulase Cel6A. (nature.com)
- These properties of cellulase made this bacterial strain become potential to be used in the biorefining process. (ejbiotechnology.info)
Fungi3
- Cellulase and polyphenol oxidase production were analyzed for three beetle associated fungi. (usda.gov)
- However, most of these fungi apparently lack processive (exo-acting) cellulases, such as cellobiohydrolases, which are generally required for efficient cellulolysis. (usda.gov)
- Compositions of cellulase-hemicellulase systems of aerobic fungi (hyphomycetes, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes), aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes, as well as anaerobic fungi and bacteria, are considered in the context of the modern structural classification of glycosyl hydrolases. (semanticscholar.org)
Bacteria5
- In many herbivorous animals such as ruminants like cattle and sheep and hindgut fermenters like horses, cellulases are produced by symbiotic bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
- Cellulase-producing bacteria were isolated from soil and identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens , Bacillus subtilIs , E. coli , and Serratia marcescens . (hindawi.com)
- Among bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens is the best cellulase producer among the four followed by Bacillus subtilis , E. coli , and Serratia marscens . (hindawi.com)
- With the double digit growth in the global healthcare industry and the struggle against anti-biotic resistant bacteria, we can expect the cellulase market to witness a healthy CAGR throughout our forecast period. (sbwire.com)
- Therefore, a study was undertaken to isolate Bacillus bacteria having the potential to produce cellulase from soil samples. (nepjol.info)
Cellulose surface1
- This functional model accounts for the mobility and action of a single cellulase enzyme as well as the synergy of multiple endo- and exo-cellulases on a cellulose surface. (nih.gov)
Higher cellulase activities1
- Such HAX1 overexpression on the one hand was suitable for regaining the function in hax1 disruption strains, and on the other hand resulted in notably higher cellulase activities in QM6a, especially by the expression of longer HAX1 versions. (springer.com)
Enhanced cellulase activities1
- Nucleic acid sequences encoding chimeric polypeptides that exhibit enhanced cellulase activities are disclosed herein. (patents.com)
Featuring cellulase production1
- Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), featuring cellulase production, cellulose solubilization, and fermentation in a single, integrated step, is a promising strategy for reducing processing costs ( 2 ). (pnas.org)
Amylase3
- Read user comments about the side effects, benefits, and effectiveness of amylase-lipase-protease-cellulase oral. (webmd.com)
- Bromelain (Pineapple) Papain (Payapa) Pepsin Trypsin Chymotrypsin Betaine HCl L-Glutamic Acid Lactase Cellulase Pancreatin Protease Amylase Lipase FUNCTION: Bromelain has anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects due to. (chinacsw.com)
- Lin YS, Yang CC, Hsu CC, Hsu JT, Wu SC, Lin CJ, Cheng WT (2015) "Establishment of a novel, eco-friendly transgenic pig model using porcine pancreatic amylase promoter-driven fungal cellulase transgenes. (cosmobio.co.jp)
Bacillus5
- The present invention provides a novel cellulase composition obtainable from Bacillus sp. (google.com.au)
- 1. A cellulase composition obtainable from Bacillus sp. (google.com.au)
- CBS 669.93 wherein said cellulase composition differs from the composition produced by wild type Bacillus sp. (google.com.au)
- The invention further relates to novel cellulase compositions, preferably derived from Bacillus sp. (google.com.au)
- A cellulase gene from a new alkalophilic Bacillus sp. (biomedsearch.com)
Endo-acting cel1
Organism2
- Consequently, questions were being raised by cellulase scientists, as towhat mechanism this organism uses to degrade its insoluble substrates. (mdpi.com)
- The organism utilizes two-thirds of the carbohydrate in feedlot waste while elaborating cellulase in quantities comparable to commercial preparations. (asm.org)
Proteins1
- Thus, the interaction of the CBD with filter paper apparently accounts for the mass-transfer-limited binding rate and also for the irreversible adsorption of intact CBH I. Adsorption isotherms at 50 degrees C indicate very similar relative association constants for the intact cellulases (0.24-0.30 l/g of cellulose), but drastically reduced values for CBH I core proteins (0.03 l/g of cellulose). (biochemj.org)
Fermentation of biomass into biofuels2
- Cellulase is an important enzyme widely used in various industries, and now in fermentation of biomass into biofuels. (ingentaconnect.com)
- Cellulase is used in the fermentation of biomass into biofuels, although this process is relatively experimental at present. (chinacsw.com)
Degradation1
- The quantitative description of cellulose degradation is calculated on a spatial model by including free and bound states of both endo- and exo-cellulases with explicit reactive surface terms (e.g., hydrogen bond breaking, covalent bond cleavages) and corresponding reaction rates. (nih.gov)
Production15
- Optimization of the fermentation medium for maximum cellulase production was carried out. (hindawi.com)
- The optimum conditions found for cellulase production were 40°C at pH 10 with glucose as carbon source and ammonium sulphate as nitrogen source, and coconut cake stimulates the production of cellulase. (hindawi.com)
- The screening of nutrients and their influence on the cellulase production was studied using a Plackett-Burman design. (hindawi.com)
- Avicel, soybean cake flour, KH 2 PO 4 , and yeast extract were found to have the positive influence for the production of cellulase. (hindawi.com)
- It is known that the production economics of bioethanol is largely dependent on the cost of cellulase. (hindawi.com)
- The present invention further relates to the use of the novel cellulase in compositions recognized in the art as advantageously having cellulase added thereto, including, as an additive in a detergent composition, in the treatment of cellulose containing fabrics, in the treatment of pulp and paper and in the treatment of starch for the production of high fructose corn-syrup or ethanol. (google.com.au)
- In time course analyses of cellulase production in batch cultures, Entomocorticium sp. (usda.gov)
- Various costs involved in the production of Cellulase Enzyme Benzene Market are discussed further. (beforeitsnews.com)
- The restraints for the cellulase market are that its production is quite costly. (sbwire.com)
- Furthermore, addition of cellulose to a growing culture using cellobiose did not increase cellulase production compared to a control with no addition. (illinois.edu)
- Production of cellulase enzyme on medium of agricultural wastes by Fusarium graminearum to be used in ruminant feeding was the main objective of this study. (scialert.net)
- Impact of initial pH of growth medium, different nitrogen sources and variety of agriculture by products as a carbon sources on cellulase production have been studied. (scialert.net)
- Cellulase maximum production by F. graminearum was obtained at 20% corn stover, initial pH of growth medium 5.0 and peptone as a nitrogen source. (scialert.net)
- Deletion of pgi1 in Rut-C30 increased cellulase production, but only under repressing conditions. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Production of cellulase by these isolates was further scaled up to shake culture containing 50 ml medium similar to that used in test tube culture. (nepjol.info)
Acid7
- The results show that the amino-acid distribution probability representing the primary structure of cellulase can predict both optimal pH and temperature, whereas various properties of amino acids related to the primary structure cannot do so. (ingentaconnect.com)
- 2. A cellulase composition which comprises an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least 80% to SEQ ID NO:1, wherein the sequence identity is determined according to TFASTA, as described in Pearson & Lipman, Proc. (google.com.au)
- All addition levels of the produced cellulase increased dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose degradability of the treated diets, but the maximum produced cellulase efficiency% for dry matter degradability was obtained at 1200 IU kg 1 DM reached 23.19% over the control. (scialert.net)
- When preparing enzyme-treated substrates, care must be taken to employ phenolic acid esterase-free cellulases. (asmscience.org)
- This product is a kind of acid cellulase by fermentation of nonpathogenic microbe. (creative-enzymes.com)
- After the use of this acid cellulase, the fuzziness and the pilling is reduced, the feeling of fabric is more softer and smoother and the color is more lustrous. (creative-enzymes.com)
- Optimizing cellulase usage for improved mixing and rheological properties of acid-pretreated sugarcane bagasse. (semanticscholar.org)
Assay2
- Rather than being an exact representation of the saccharification process that occurs in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), diafiltration saccharification assay (DSA) data were useful for comparison with SSF data in efforts to identify the influences of factors other than product inhibition on the performance of cellulases in SSF. (asmscience.org)
- MSL2 strain, obtained from rice paddy field soil was isolated based on screening of cellulase assay. (ejbiotechnology.info)
Glucose4
- Cellulases break down the cellulose molecule into monosaccharides ("simple sugars") such as beta- glucose , or shorter polysaccharides and oligosaccharides . (wikipedia.org)
- Most recently, the cellulose which was previously methylcellulase was defined as the amount of enzyme dyed with reactive dyes, was hydrolyzed by cellulase for which liberate 10 yg of glucose equivalents per 10 minutes. (scribd.com)
- Relatively little CM-cellulase was formed when cells were grown on glucose and cellobiose. (mdpi.com)
- One unit of Cellulase will liberate 1.0 µmole of glucose from carboxymethyl cellulose. (thomassci.com)
Crude cellulase6
- The biodegradation behavior of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose fibers (TOCs) suspended in water and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNs) dispersed in water by a commercial crude cellulase was studied. (springer.com)
- Products crude cellulase-treated for 0-7 days were separated into water/ethanol-insoluble and -soluble fractions. (springer.com)
- Weight recovery ratios and viscosity-average degrees of polymerization of the water/ethanol-insoluble fractions clearly decreased with crude cellulase-treatment time, showing that both TOCs and TOCNs have biodegradability. (springer.com)
- Both TOCs and TOCNs having sodium carboxyl groups are thus biodegradable, but TOCN having free carboxyl groups had clearly low biodegradability by the crude cellulase. (springer.com)
- Through the use of ion-exchange chromatography and non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, crude cellulase was found to contain no fewer than 18 endo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase components and present in two cellulase complexes. (illinois.edu)
- MAb S1 recognized few components in crude cellulase demonstrating its specificity for Exoglucanase A. MAb S1 was used to investigate the cellular location of the Exoglucanase A. Thin-sectioning of R. flavefaciens followed by immunolabelling, and examination using a transmission electron microscope showed a non-specific interaction of the monoclonal antibody for the embedding resin. (illinois.edu)
Produce cellulases1
- A was found to produce cellulases and polyphenol oxidase. (usda.gov)
Cellobiose6
- Oxidative cellulases depolymerize cellulose by radical reactions, as for instance cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor) . (wikipedia.org)
- Cellulases from family 48, along with family 9, are up-regulated during growth of C. thermocellum on crystalline cellulose as compared with cellobiose ( 12 , 13 ). (pnas.org)
- Apparently glucoseor labile substrates such as cellobiose seem to repress the formation of CM-cellulase. (mdpi.com)
- Cellobiose-grown cells produced more endo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase and $\sp{14}$C-cellulase, but an equal amount of exo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase compared to cellulose-grown cells. (illinois.edu)
- Growth on cellobiose or cellulose did not affect cellular location of either endo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase or exo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase, however cellulose-grown cells exhibited higher $\sp{14}$C-cellulase levels present in the supernatant as opposed to the cell pellet. (illinois.edu)
- Cellulase was constitutively produced in cellobiose- and cellulose-grown R. flavefaciens cells. (illinois.edu)
Characterization1
- The characterization of cellulase produced from MSL2 strain was described here. (ejbiotechnology.info)
Expression7
- Our results indicate that solubilization of crystalline cellulose by C. thermocellum can proceed to completion without expression of a family 48 cellulase. (pnas.org)
- Nutritional factors affecting cellulase expression in R. flavefaciens were also investigated. (illinois.edu)
- In this study, it was characterized and evidence for its regulatory impact on cellulase expression was provided. (springer.com)
- Regulated control of cellulase gene expression across divergent fungal species would allow for high productivity of varied enzyme mixtures under a range of growth conditions and media compositions. (biomedsearch.com)
- Ito Y, Yamanishi M, Ikeuchi A, Imamura C, Matsuyama T. (2015) " Combinatorial screening for transgenic yeasts with high cellulase activities in combination with a tunable expression system. (cosmobio.co.jp)
- It is known not only to influence growth and conidiation, but also cellulase gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our results indicate that despite cultivation in mostly dark conditions, all three components show an influence on cellulase expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Textile2
- 8. A method of treating textiles comprising contacting said textile with a cellulase composition selected from the cellulase compositions of claims 1, 2 or 3. (google.com.au)
- Furthermore, cellulases are widely used in textile industry and in laundry detergents. (thomassci.com)
Biofuels1
- The stability of the new cellulase complexes makes them appealing for applications in biofuels manufacture, the study authors said. (azocleantech.com)
