Cellulase
Cellulases
A family of glycosidases that hydrolyse crystalline CELLULOSE into soluble sugar molecules. Within this family there are a variety of enzyme subtypes with differing substrate specificities that must work together to bring about complete cellulose hydrolysis. They are found in structures called CELLULOSOMES.
Cellulose
A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material, it forms the basis for many derivatives used in chromatography, ion exchange materials, explosives manufacturing, and pharmaceutical preparations.
Trichoderma
Cellulose 1,4-beta-Cellobiosidase
Cellobiose
Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
Hypocrea
beta-Glucosidase
Clostridium thermocellum
Mitosporic Fungi
Polyporaceae
Cellulosomes
Clostridium cellulolyticum
Clostridium
Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases
Glucan 1,4-beta-Glucosidase
Isoptera
Tylenchida
Lignin
The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Neocallimastix
Actinomycetales
Biomass
Clostridium cellulovorans
Panicum
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Amino Acid Sequence
Gossypium
Persea
Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase
Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
Glucans
Biofuels
beta-Mannosidase
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-mannose residues in beta-D-mannosides. The enzyme plays a role in the lysosomal degradation of the N-glycosylprotein glycans. Defects in the lysosomal form of the enzyme in humans result in a buildup of mannoside intermediate metabolites and the disease BETA-MANNOSIDOSIS.
Fibrobacter
Endo-1,3(4)-beta-Glucanase
Polygalacturonase
Substrate Specificity
Ascomycota
Nematoda
Schizophyllum
Cloning, Molecular
Enzyme Stability
Lactose
Penicillium
Bacillus
Phanerochaete
Fungi
A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.
Fermentation
Gram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods
EndB, a multidomain family 44 cellulase from Ruminococcus flavefaciens 17, binds to cellulose via a novel cellulose-binding module and to another R. flavefaciens protein via a dockerin domain. (1/122)
The mechanisms by which cellulolytic enzymes and enzyme complexes in Ruminococcus spp. bind to cellulose are not fully understood. The product of the newly isolated cellulase gene endB from Ruminococcus flavefaciens 17 was purified as a His-tagged product after expression in Escherichia coli and found to be able to bind directly to crystalline cellulose. The ability to bind cellulose is shown to be associated with a novel cellulose-binding module (CBM) located within a region of 200 amino acids that is unrelated to known protein sequences. EndB (808 amino acids) also contains a catalytic domain belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 44 and a C-terminal dockerin-like domain. Purified EndB is also shown to bind specifically via its dockerin domain to a polypeptide of ca. 130 kDa present among supernatant proteins from Avicel-grown R. flavefaciens that attach to cellulose. The protein to which EndB attaches is a strong candidate for the scaffolding component of a cellulosome-like multienzyme complex recently identified in this species (S.-Y. Ding et al., J. Bacteriol. 183:1945-1953, 2001). It is concluded that binding of EndB to cellulose may occur both through its own CBM and potentially also through its involvement in a cellulosome complex. (+info)Cloning and overexpression of the avi2 gene encoding a major cellulase produced by Humicola insolens FERM BP-5977. (2/122)
The avi2 gene encoding Avi2, which is a major cellulase produced by Humicola insolens FERM BP-5977, was cloned and sequenced. Avi2 showed high homology with other family 6 cellulases. The expression vector pNCE4 containing the avi2 gene was constructed, and this strain was transformed using a protoplast method. As a result, the pNCE4 transformant secreted 8-fold more Avi2 than the recipient strain. (+info)Termite gut symbiotic archaezoa are becoming living metabolic fossils. (3/122)
Over the course of several million years, the eukaryotic gut symbionts of lower termites have become adapted to a cellulolytic environment. Up to now it has been believed that they produce nutriments using their own cellulolytic enzymes for the benefit of their termite host. However, we have now isolated two endoglucanases with similar apparent molecular masses of approximately 36 kDa from the not yet culturable symbiotic Archaezoa living in the hindgut of the most primitive Australian termite, Mastotermes darwiniensis. The N-terminal sequences of these cellulases exhibited significant homology to cellulases of termite origin, which belong to glycosyl hydrolase family 9. The corresponding genes were detected not in the mRNA pool of the flagellates but in the salivary glands of M. darwiniensis. This showed that cellulases isolated from the flagellate cells originated from the termite host. By use of a PCR-based approach, DNAs encoding cellulases belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 45 were obtained from micromanipulated nuclei of the flagellates Koruga bonita and Deltotrichonympha nana. These results indicated that the intestinal flagellates of M. darwiniensis take up the termite's cellulases from gut contents. K. bonita and D. nana possess at least their own endoglucanase genes, which are still expressed, but without significant enzyme activity in the nutritive vacuole. These findings give the impression that the gut Archaezoa are heading toward a secondary loss of their own endoglucanases and that they use exclusively termite cellulases. (+info)Ruminococcus albus 8 mutants defective in cellulose degradation are deficient in two processive endocellulases, Cel48A and Cel9B, both of which possess a novel modular architecture. (4/122)
The cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus albus 8 adheres tightly to cellulose, but the molecular biology underpinning this process is not well characterized. Subtractive enrichment procedures were used to isolate mutants of R. albus 8 that are defective in adhesion to cellulose. Adhesion of the mutant strains was reduced 50% compared to that observed with the wild-type strain, and cellulose solubilization was also shown to be slower in these mutant strains, suggesting that bacterial adhesion and cellulose solubilization are inextricably linked. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that all three mutants studied were impaired in the production of two high-molecular-mass, cell-bound polypeptides when they were cultured with either cellobiose or cellulose. The identities of these proteins were determined by a combination of mass spectrometry methods and genome sequence data for R. albus 8. One of the polypeptides is a family 9 glycoside hydrolase (Cel9B), and the other is a family 48 glycoside hydrolase (Cel48A). Both Cel9B and Cel48A possess a modular architecture, Cel9B possesses features characteristic of the B(2) (or theme D) group of family 9 glycoside hydrolases, and Cel48A is structurally similar to the processive endocellulases CelF and CelS from Clostridium cellulolyticum and Clostridium thermocellum, respectively. Both Cel9B and Cel48A could be recovered by cellulose affinity procedures, but neither Cel9B nor Cel48A contains a dockerin, suggesting that these polypeptides are retained on the bacterial cell surface, and recovery by cellulose affinity procedures did not involve a clostridium-like cellulosome complex. Instead, both proteins possess a single copy of a novel X module with an unknown function at the C terminus. Such X modules are also present in several other R. albus glycoside hydrolases and are phylogentically distinct from the fibronectin III-like and X modules identified so far in other cellulolytic bacteria. (+info)Dietary lignins are precursors of mammalian lignans in rats. (5/122)
The mammalian lignans enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol, commonly found in human plasma and urine, are phytoestrogens that may contribute to the prevention of breast cancer and coronary heart disease. They are formed by the conversion of dietary precursors such as secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol lignans by the colonic microflora. The identification of lignins, cell-wall polymers structurally related to lignans, as precursors of mammalian lignans is reported here for the first time. In study 1, rats were fed rye or wheat bran (15% diet) for 5 d. Untreated brans and brans extracted with solvents to remove lignans were compared. ENL was estimated in urine samples collected for 24 h by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. ENL urinary excretion was reduced from 18.6 to 5.3 nmol/d (n=8; P<0.001) when lignans were removed from rye bran and from 30.5 to 6.2 nmol/d (P<0.001) when they were removed from wheat bran. These results suggest that lignins, embedded in the cell wall and retained in the bran during solvent extraction, account for 26-32% of the ENL formed from cereal brans. In study 2, rats were fed a deuterated synthetic lignin (0.2% diet) together with wheat bran (15%) for 3 d. The detection of deuterated ENL by LC-tandem MS in urine (20 nmol/d) clearly confirms the conversion of lignin into mammalian lignans. More research is warranted to determine the bioavailability of lignins in the human diet. (+info)Heterogeneity of homologously expressed Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) Cel7B catalytic module. (6/122)
The catalytic module of Hypocrea jecorina (previously Trichoderma reesei) Cel7B was homologously expressed by transformation of strain QM9414. Post-translational modifications in purified Cel7B preparations were analysed by enzymatic digestions, high performance chromatography, mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis. Of the five potential sites found in the wild-type enzyme, only Asn56 and Asn182 were found to be N-glycosylated. GlcNAc(2)Man(5) was identified as the predominant N-glycan, although lesser amounts of GlcNAc(2)Man(7) and glycans carrying a mannophosphodiester bond were also detected. Repartition of neutral and charged glycan structures over the two glycosylation sites mainly accounts for the observed microheterogeneity of the protein. However, partial deamidation of Asn259 and a partially occupied O-glycosylation site give rise to further complexity in enzyme preparations. (+info)Fungal cell wall chitinases and glucanases. (7/122)
The fungal cell wall is a complex structure composed of chitin, glucans and other polymers, and there is evidence of extensive cross-linking between these components. The wall structure is highly dynamic, changing constantly during cell division, growth and morphogenesis. Hydrolytic enzymes, closely associated with the cell wall, have been implicated in the maintenance of wall plasticity and may have roles during branching and cross-linking of polymers. Most fungal cell wall hydrolases identified to date have chitinase or glucanase activity and this short article reviews the apparent functions of these enzymes in unicellular and filamentous fungi, and the mechanisms that regulate enzyme activity in yeasts. (+info)Structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic analyses of tetrahydrooxazine-derived inhibitors bound to beta-glucosidases. (8/122)
The understanding of transition state mimicry in glycoside hydrolysis is increasingly important both in the quest for novel specific therapeutic agents and for the deduction of enzyme function and mechanism. To aid comprehension, inhibitors can be characterized through kinetic, thermodynamic, and structural dissection to build an "inhibition profile." Here we dissect the binding of a tetrahydrooxazine inhibitor and its derivatives, which display Ki values around 500 nm. X-ray structures with both a beta-glucosidase, at 2 A resolution, and an endoglucanase at atomic (approximately 1 A) resolution reveal similar interactions between the tetrahydrooxazine inhibitor and both enzymes. Kinetic analyses reveal the pH dependence of kcat/Km and 1/Ki with both enzyme systems, and isothermal titration calorimetry unveils the enthalpic and entropic contributions to beta-glucosidase inhibition. The pH dependence of enzyme activity mirrored that of 1/Ki in both enzymes, unlike the cases of isofagomine and 1-deoxynojirimycin that have been characterized previously. Calorimetric dissection reveals a large favorable enthalpy that is partially offset by an unfavorable entropy upon binding. In terms of the similar profile for the pH dependence of 1/Ki and the pH dependence of kcat/Km, the significant enthalpy of binding when compared with other glycosidase inhibitors, and the tight binding at the optimal pH of the enzymes tested, tetrahydrooxazine and its derivatives are a significantly better class of glycosidase inhibitor than previously assumed. (+info)Deconstruction In Context Literature And Philosophy Pdf, , bsidestories.org
Trp22, Trp24, and Tyr8 play a pivotal role in the binding of the family 10 cellulose-binding module from Pseudomonas xylanase A...
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Cellulase
... cellulase A, cellulosin AP, alkali cellulase, cellulase A 3, 9.5 cellulase, and pancellase SS. Enzymes that cleave lignin have ... Cellulose 1,4-beta-cellobiosidase, an efficient cellulase Cellulase unit, a unit for quantifying cellulase activity PDB: 1NLR ... Cellulase action is considered to be synergistic as all three classes of cellulase can yield much more sugar than the addition ... Progressive cellulase will continue to interact with a single polysaccharide strand, nonprogressive cellulase will interact ...
Cellulase unit
A cellulase unit (CU) is a unit of measurement for the enzyme cellulase. One cellulase unit is that activity that will produce ... Cellulases enzymatically split cellulose into a variety of hexoses, this is called hydrolysis. Eagle Pack Archived February 21 ...
Alkaliphile
... cellulases; lipases; xylanases; pectinases; chitinases and their metabolites, including: 2-phenylamine; carotenoids; ...
Cellulose
A cellulase may function to cleave the primer from the mature chain. Cellulose is also synthesised by tunicate animals, ... The enzymes used to cleave the glycosidic linkage in cellulose are glycoside hydrolases including endo-acting cellulases and ... Tokuda, G; Watanabe, H (22 June 2007). "Hidden cellulases in termites: revision of an old hypothesis". Biology Letters. 3 (3): ... "Fungal Cellulases". Chemical Reviews. 115 (3): 1308-1448. doi:10.1021/cr500351c. PMID 25629559. Mettler, Matthew S.; Vlachos, ...
Fungal extracellular enzyme activity
One soft-rot Ascomycete, Trichoderma reesei, is used extensively in industrial applications as a source for cellulases and ... Wilson, David B (2009). "Cellulases and biofuels". Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 20 (3): 295-299. doi:10.1016/j.copbio. ... Extracellular enzymes target macromolecules such as carbohydrates (cellulases), lignin (oxidases), organic phosphates ( ... production of extracellular enzymes and characterization of the major cellulases". Microbiology. 152 (12): 3613-3622. doi: ...
Cellobiose
Wilson, David B. (2009). "Cellulases and biofuels". Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 20 (3): 295-299. doi:10.1016/j.copbio. ...
Harry J. Gilbert
Gilbert, H. J.; Hazlewood, G. P. (1993). "Bacterial cellulases and xylanases". Journal of General Microbiology. 139 (2): 187- ...
Lichenase
Barras DR, Moore AE, Stone BA (1969). "Enzyme-Substrate Relationships Among β-Glucan Hydrolases". Cellulases and Their ...
Theodoxus
Green algae[clarification needed] are not consumed; Theodoxus has no cellulases. These snails lay egg capsules containing 30-70 ...
Enzyme washing
In the enzyme wash process, cellulases act on exposed cellulose on the cotton fibers, freeing indigo dye from the fabric. The ... "Stone" Washing Jeans: Cellulases". IUPUI Department of Biology. "Enzymes make your jeans less thirsty". Novozymes. (Textile ... Enzyme washing or "bio stoning" is a textile manufacturing technique in which cellulase enzymes are applied to denim. As with ... ENZYME WASHING INFORMATION Bhat, M.K. (2000). "Cellulases and related enzymes in biotechnology". Biotechnology Advances. 18 (5 ...
Penicillium verruculosum
Szakács, György; Réczey, Kati; Hernádi, Pál; Dobozi, Mária (1981). "Penicillium verruculosum WA 30 a new source of cellulase". ... "Cellulases of Penicillium verruculosum". Biotechnology Journal. 5 (8): 871-80. doi:10.1002/biot.201000050. PMID 20540109. Shah ... "Cellulases of Penicillium verruculosum". Biotechnology Journal. 5 (8): 871. doi:10.1002/biot.201000050. PMID 20540109. Wigney, ... "Enzymatic hydrolysis of pre-treated lignocellulose with Penicillium verruculosum cellulases". Journal of Molecular Catalysis B ...
Thermomyces lanuginosus
T. lanuginosis is unable to utilize cellulose because it does not produce a cellulase, but it is well adapted to using other ... Kuhad, Ramesh Chander; Gupta, Rishi; Singh, Ajay (2011-09-07). "Microbial Cellulases and Their Industrial Applications". Enzyme ...
Geyser
Industrial Uses of Thermophilic Cellulase University of Delaware, Retrieved on 2008-03-29 Archived October 10, 2007, at the ... Bhat, M.K. (2000). "Cellulases and related enzymes in biotechnology". Biotechnology Advances. 18 (5): 355-383. doi:10.1016/ ... An Extremely Thermostable Cellulase from the Thermophilic Eubacterium Rhodothermus marinus. Applied and Environmental ... "Treatment of recycled fiber with Trichoderma cellulases". Industrial Crops and Products. 20: 11-21. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop. ...
Exoenzyme
Cellulases and hemicellulases (including xylanases) are also used in the paper and pulp industry to de-ink recycled fibers, ... Cellulases and hemicellulases are used in these industrial applications due to their ability to hydrolyze the cellulose and ... Cellulases, hemicellulases and pectinases are different exoenzymes that are involved in a wide variety of biotechnological and ... In addition to the role they play in food production, cellulases are used in the textile industry to remove excess dye from ...
Chaetomium cellulolyticum
It is associated with the production of cellulase. Leisola, Matti; Ulmer, Duane; Pitkänen, Kari; Fiechter, Armin (1985-10-01 ... "Induction of Cellulases in chaetomium cellulolyticumby cellobiose". Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 27 (9): 1389-91. doi: ...
Fibrobacter succinogenes
Thirty-one genes are identified as cellulases. The genome also encodes for a number of proteins capable of breaking down sugars ...
Trichoderma viride
The cellulase produced by the fungus partially degrade the cotton material in places, making it soft and causing the jeans to ... The mycelium of T. viride can produce a variety of enzymes, including cellulases and chitinases which can degrade cellulose and ... Treating Denim Fabrics with Trichoderma Reesei Cellulases. Textile Research Journal, 70(11), 969-973. https://doi.org/10.1177/ ...
Streptomyces viridobrunneus
... produces cellulase. List of Streptomyces species LPSN bacterio.net Straininfo of Streptomyces ... "Cellulase production by Streptomyces viridobrunneus SCPE-09 using lignocellulosic biomass as inducer substrate". Applied ... "Cellulase production by Streptomyces viridobrunneus SCPE-09 using lignocellulosic biomass as inducer substrate". Applied ...
Cellulosic ethanol
The cellulase family of enzymes have a one to two order smaller magnitude of efficiency. Therefore, it requires 40 to 100 times ... For cellulase produced offsite, enzyme production amounts to 36% of cash cost. For enzyme produced onsite in a separate plant, ... A recent paper estimates the range at 13-36% of cash costs, with a key factor being how the cellulase enzyme is produced. ... Cellulose chains can be broken into glucose molecules by cellulase enzymes. This reaction occurs at body temperature in the ...
Penicillium occitanis
The mutant Pol6 produces a very high amount of cellulase and pectinase. This mutant might be used for industrial use. Belghith ... Ellouz Chaabouni, S.; Belguith, H.; Hassairi, I.; m'Rad, K.; Ellouz, R. (1995). "Optimization of cellulase production by ... Penicillium occitanis is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium which produces cellulase and pectinase. ... Jain, S.; Parriche, M.; Durand, H.; Tiraby, G. (1990). "Production of polysaccharidases by a cellulase-pectinase hyperproducing ...
Non-homologous isofunctional enzymes
Another popular example of NISE are the cellulase family of enzymes, particularly Cellulose 1,4-beta-cellobiosidase also ... Sukharnikov, Leonid O.; Cantwell, Brian J.; Podar, Mircea; Zhulin, Igor B. (2011). "Cellulases: Ambiguous nonhomologous enzymes ...
Glycoside hydrolase family 5
One of these families is known as the cellulase family A or as the glycosyl hydrolases family 5. One of the conserved regions ... Py B, Bortoli-German I, Haiech J, Chippaux M, Barras F (February 1991). "Cellulase EGZ of Erwinia chrysanthemi: structural ... Fungi and bacteria produces a spectrum of cellulolytic enzymes (cellulases) and xylanases which, on the basis of sequence ... Henrissat B, Claeyssens M, Tomme P, Lemesle L, Mornon JP (September 1989). "Cellulase families revealed by hydrophobic cluster ...
Oesophageal pouch
"The Distribution of Cellulases and Related Enzymes in Mollusca". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 1958. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals ...
Greige goods
"Scouring of Cotton with Cellulases, Pectinases and Proteases" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) Trotman, E. R. ( ...
Clostridium cellulovorans
"Degradation of corn fiber by Clostridium cellulovorans cellulases and hemicellulases and contribution of scaffolding protein ... "Properties of cellulosomal family 9 cellulases from Clostridium cellulovorans". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 71 (5 ...
Scouring (textiles)
"Scouring of Cotton with Cellulases, Pectinases and Proteases" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) Montazer, Majid ...
Myceliophthora thermophila
Cellulases are rapidly synthesized by M. thermophila and can be used to degrade cellulose into simple carbohydrates as a food ... Coutts, A.D.; Smith, R.E. (1976). "Factors influencing the Production of Cellulases by Sporotrichum thermophile". Appl. Environ ...
Termite
Li, Z.-Q.; Liu, B.-R.; Zeng, W.-H.; Xiao, W.-L.; Li, Q.-J.; Zhong, J.-H. (2013). "Character of Cellulase Activity in the Guts ... Watanabe, H..; Noda, H.; Tokuda, G.; Lo, N. (1998). "A cellulase gene of termite origin". Nature. 394 (6691): 330-331. Bibcode: ... Most higher termites, especially in the family Termitidae, can produce their own cellulase enzymes, but they rely primarily ... Tokuda, G.; Watanabe, H. (2007). "Hidden cellulases in termites: revision of an old hypothesis". Biology Letters. 3 (3): 336- ...
Ulocladium chartarum
Cellulase activities of U. chartarum were found to be influenced by the mode of incubation as well as by the age of the fungal ... Sallam, Lotfy; H.El-Refai, Abdel-Monem; El-Sayed, Samia M. (1988). "Cellulase production by halophytic fungi: II. The role of ... some cultural conditions on cellulase production by Ulocladium chartarum". Zentralblatt für Mikrobiologie. 143 (8). doi:10.1016 ...
Chaetomium globosum
The cellulase activity of C. globosum functions best at temperatures ranging from 25-32 degrees Celsius and is stimulated by ... Cellulase is inhibited by ethyl malonate. Like many fungal species, C. globosum obtains their energy from carbon sources such ... Like most Chaetomium species, C. globosum decomposes plant cells using hyphal cellulase activity. Even though they are known to ...
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Ltd -:Cellulase Market: Drivers & Restraints The overall market for Cellulase is driven by rising cancer incidences and ... Global Market Challenges Cellulase. 1. Even if research costs are minimal, producing Cellulase is a complex and costly process ... Ltd -:Cellulase Market: Drivers & Restraints The overall market for Cellulase is driven by rising cancer incidences and ... 5. Producers of Cellulase products must compete with other Cellulase producers and the original biological and generic drug ...
Cellulase enzymes (5gm)(BN/EXP) - SciChem
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"Expression of a Fungal Cellulase Gene by \beta-glucanase Promoter of S" by MEHMET SAİT EKİNCİ
Production Optimization of Fungal Cellulase and its Impact on Ruminal Degradability and Fermentation of Diet
Effect of culture incubation period on cellulase production: Production of cellulase on modified CPM was monitored for a period ... Culture conditions for cellulase production: Static cultures were used for studying fungal cellulase production under variable ... Cellulase enzyme production by Penicillium chrysogenum in different pH of modified CPM produced the highest value of cellulase ... Effect of culture incubation period on cellulase production. The highest cellulase activity (5.55 μmole mL 1 min 1) (p,0.05) ...
Cellulose hydrolysis by Trichoderma reesei cellulases: Studies on adsorption, sugar production and synergism of...
Three major cellulases, cellobiohydrolase I and II (CBH I and II) and endoglucanase II (EG II) of ,i,Trichoderma reesei,/i, ... Three major cellulases, cellobiohydrolase I and II (CBH I and II) and endoglucanase II (EG II) of ,i,Trichoderma reesei,/i, ... FPLC, cellulose hydrolysis, Trichoderma reesei, cellulase, cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, adsorption isotherm, synergism, ... phdthesis{271a2c21-535c-4129-9648-9d89ecf5855e, abstract = {{Three major cellulases, cellobiohydrolase I and II (CBH I and II) ...
Distribution of cellulases in the body of Coptotermes formosanus and the probability that the termite uses glucose as an energy...
Distribution of cellulases in the body of Coptotermes formosanus and the probability that the termite uses glucose as an energy ... Thus all the necessary cellulases for hydrolysis of natural cellulose to glucose were present in the region ranging from the ... Keywords: LOWER TERMITE; COPTOTERMES FORMOSANUS; CELLULASE; PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE; SALIVARY GLANDS; MIDGUT Conference: 97-05- ... extracts of the digestive system and of the whole body of Coptotermes formosanus to determine where the various cellulases, ...
Screening, purification and characterization of cellulase from cellulase producing bacteria in molasses | BMC Research Notes |...
The molecular weight of the purified cellulase was found to be 67 kDa by SDS-PAGE, had an optimal pH and temperature at ... showed high potentiality for maximum cellulase production (0.9 µmol ml−1 min−1) at pH 7.0 after 24 h of ... agar plate were identified as cellulase producing bacteria. Different culture parameters such as pH, temperature, incubation ... 7.0 and 40 °C. According to substrate specificity, the purified cellulase had high specificity on CMC substrate which ...
Regulation of cellulase expression in Trichoderma reesei</em>...
Ilmen, M., Onnela, M-L., Saloheimo, A., & Penttilä, M. (1992). Regulation of cellulase expression in Trichoderma reesei. Paper ... Regulation of cellulase expression in Trichoderma reesei. / Ilmen, Marja; Onnela, Maija-Leena; Saloheimo, Anu et al. ... title = "Regulation of cellulase expression in Trichoderma reesei",. author = "Marja Ilmen and Maija-Leena Onnela and Anu ... Ilmen, M, Onnela, M-L, Saloheimo, A & Penttilä, M 1992, Regulation of cellulase expression in Trichoderma reesei, Paper ...
Genome sequencing and identification of cellulase genes in Bacillus paralicheniformis strains from the Red Sea | BMC...
By whole genome sequencing, we found 10 cellulase genes from the three isolates. We compared the expression of these cellulase ... microbial cellulases by isolating cellulase-producing microorganisms from the Red Sea environment and characterizing cellulase ... Although cellulases have been roughly classified into three enzyme groups of beta-glucosidase, endo-β-1,4-glucanase and ... However, there is little information regarding cellulase genes in the Red Sea environment. This study aimed to examine whether ...
Cellulases
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In vitro assessment of two novel Cellulases from Trabulsiella odontotermitis for agricultural waste utilization | BMC...
Investigation of the binding properties of a multi-modular GH45 cellulase using bioinspired model assemblies - Aix-Marseille...
The affinity of the multi-modular GH45 cellulase was characterized using a statistical analysis to determine the role played by ... Depending on the number of CBMs appended to the cellulase catalytic core, binding properties toward cellulose and lignin were ... used lignified model assemblies of plant cell walls as templates to characterize binding properties of multi-modular cellulases ... Investigation of the binding properties of a multi-modular GH45 cellulase using bioinspired model assemblies Fong M 1 Berrin Jg ...
CEL - Cellulase - CellSystems®
Cellulase Archives | BAKERpedia
cellulase Archives - Entomology Today
IMSEAR at SEARO: Cellulase Production by Bacteria: A Review.
The review discusses application of cellulase, classification of cellulase, quantification of cellulase, the types of ... properties of cellulase and cloning and expression of cellulase gene. The biotechnological aspect of cellulase research and ... Cellulase Production by Bacteria: A Review. British Microbiology Research Journal. 2013 July; 3(3): 235-258. ... It can be degraded by cellulase produced by cellulolytic bacteria. This enzyme has various industrial applications and now ...
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Role of ionic liquids in the enzyme stabilization: a case study with Trichoderma ressie cellulase - IIUM Repository (IRep)
In this study, cellulase was therefore tested in several ILs. This approach opens an insight for further studies to ... Ionic liquid, Lignocellulose, Cellulase, Hydrolysis, Stability · Activity. Subjects:. T Technology , TP Chemical technology , ... This chapter discusses the stabilization of Trichoderma ressie cellulase (Tri-Cel) in ionic liquids (ILs) to enable the in situ ... Role of ionic liquids in the enzyme stabilization: a case study with Trichoderma ressie cellulase ...
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Conzyme DL Ultra Acid cellulase - Industrial Enzyme - Sunson shopping mall
Conzyme DL Ultra is a liquid high concentrated acid cellulase preparation. It is specially developed for fabric and garment ... PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Hemi-Cellulase SBE-02X is produced by submerged fermentation of Trichoderma reesei followed by purification ... Conzyme DL Ultra is a liquid high concentrated acid cellulase preparation. It is specially developed for fabric and garment ... Conzyme NL Extra is a high concentrated liquid neutral cellulase preparation. It is specially developed for fabric and garment ...
Surfactant-induced unfolding of cellulase: Kinetic studies | CU Experts | CU Boulder
A truncated form of the Carbon catabolite repressor 1 increases cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei | Biotechnology for...
... what exactly enhances cellulase production in Rut-C30. The investigation of the expression of two genes encoding cellulases ( ... in particular cellulases. Due to three rounds of undirected mutagenesis its genetic background differs from the wild-type QM6a ... Rut-C30 is a cellulase-hyperproducing Trichoderma reesei strain and, consequently, became the ancestor of most industry strains ... Determination of cellulase activity. Cellulase activity in the culture supernatants was determined using AZCL HE-Cellulose ( ...
Significance of relative position of cellulases in designer cellulosomes for optimized cellulolysis<...
Significance of relative position of cellulases in designer cellulosomes for optimized cellulolysis. In: PLoS ONE. 2015 ; Vol. ... Significance of relative position of cellulases in designer cellulosomes for optimized cellulolysis. PLoS ONE. 2015 May 29;10(5 ... Dive into the research topics of Significance of relative position of cellulases in designer cellulosomes for optimized ... Significance of relative position of cellulases in designer cellulosomes for optimized cellulolysis. / Stern, Johanna; Kahn, ...
Biotechnology Articles, Find Biotechnology Articles on Sooper Articles
Microorganisms | Free Full-Text | Parallel Evolution of Enhanced Biofilm Formation and Phage-Resistance in Pseudomonas...
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Polypeptides having cellulolytic enhancing activity and polynucleotides encoding the same (Patent) | DOE Patents
Cellulosic ethanol - Wikipedia
The cellulase family of enzymes have a one to two order smaller magnitude of efficiency. Therefore, it requires 40 to 100 times ... A recent paper[73] estimates the range at 13-36% of cash costs, with a key factor being how the cellulase enzyme is produced. ... For cellulase produced offsite, enzyme production amounts to 36% of cash cost. For enzyme produced onsite in a separate plant, ... Cellulose chains can be broken into glucose molecules by cellulase enzymes. This reaction occurs at body temperature in the ...
TrichodermaEnzymesProteaseHydrolysisXylanaseFermentationMicrobial cellulasesApplication of cellulaseMaximum cellulaseCellulosomesGlucoseCellulolyticGeneHydrolytic enzymeBacteriaBiomassLignocellulosicAdsorptionProductionSubstrateBacillusVitroCarboxymethylAgriculturalGenesAgarCatalyticHttpsCellulolysisActivityStrainComplexIsolatesAgricultureSugarStudiesStudy
Trichoderma5
- Several cellulase-producing microorganisms with high cellulolytic activity have been isolated from the fungal genera Aspergillus and Trichoderma [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- This chapter discusses the stabilization of Trichoderma ressie cellulase (Tri-Cel) in ionic liquids (ILs) to enable the in situ hydrolysis of cellulosic and lignocellulosic substances. (iium.edu.my)
- PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Hemi-Cellulase SBE-02X is produced by submerged fermentation of Trichoderma reesei followed by purification, formulation and drying. (sunsonenzymes.com)
- Rut-C30 is a cellulase-hyperproducing Trichoderma reesei strain and, consequently, became the ancestor of most industry strains used in the production of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, in particular cellulases. (biomedcentral.com)
- 23. Domingues FC, Queiroz JA, Cabral JM, Fonseca LP. The influence of culture conditions on mycelial structure and cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30. (bvsalud.org)
Enzymes13
- Cellulases enzymes are widely be interested due to its capability to degrade lignocellulosic materials. (scialert.net)
- Cellulase is a family of enzymes capable of hydrolyzing β-1,4-glycosidic bonds of intact cellulose and other related cello-oligosaccharide derivatives. (scialert.net)
- Fungal cellulase is the main source of commercially produced enzymes for diet additives while, few bacteria and actinomycetes have also been investigated for the production of cellulolytic enzymes 5 - 9 . (scialert.net)
- Mostly the cellulase enzymes production was reported from bacteria and fungi 1 , 2 . (scialert.net)
- The cellulases can effectively hydrolyze cellulose into glucose unit via the synergistic actions of the enzymes, known as endo-β-1,4 glucanase, cellobiohydrolase and β-D-glucosidase [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Although cellulases have been roughly classified into three enzyme groups of beta-glucosidase, endo-β-1,4-glucanase and exoglucanase, these findings suggest the importance to consider microbial cellulolysis as a more complex reaction with various kinds of cellulase enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cellulases are a group of three types of enzymes with different activities. (biomedcentral.com)
- The information is also given on the processing of agricultural biomass to produce industrially important enzymes, e.g., ligninases or cellulases. (cyberleninka.org)
- The most promising technology for the conversion of the lignocellulosic biomass to fuel ethanol is based on the enzymatic breakdown of cellulose using cellulase enzymes [2,3,7]. (cyberleninka.org)
- Yeast have cell walls made of cellulose, which cannot be digested or broken down by human digestive enzymes as we do not produce cellulase, the enzyme needed to break down cellulose. (minavit.com)
- Candifense contains a variety of of potent cellulase and fiber digesting enzymes specifically chosen to help support a healthy balance of probiotic bacteria in the gut. (minavit.com)
- Other enzymes have also been reported as sensitizers in commercial bakery operations and include cellulase, f3-xylosidase, and glucoamylase. (cdc.gov)
- Using an IBM Aptiva S-series computer and data from the Protein Database of the US Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, she and a colleague examined the structure-function relationships of cellulases, enzymes that break down cellulose. (nkeconwatch.com)
Protease1
- Thermostable alpha-amylase, cellulase and neutral protease are also used, the latter for improving the flavour. (chinafoodingredients.com)
Hydrolysis7
- Thus all the necessary cellulases for hydrolysis of natural cellulose to glucose were present in the region ranging from the salivary glands to the midgut in significant amounts. (irg-wp.com)
- The biodegradation of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds in cellulose biomass is carried out by free cellulases or a multienzyme complex referred to as the cellulosome, which can catalyze the hydrolysis of cellulose into sugars. (biomedcentral.com)
- Besides all those applications, the production of fuel ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass through cellulase hydrolysis is a promising tool of the modern world. (cyberleninka.org)
- The hydrolysis activity of the cellulase mutant (BglC-M) was approximately 2.5-fold higher than the control (BglC-W) over a wide range of pH and temperature conditions. (wu.ac.th)
- Finally, the biomass hydrolysis ability of cellulase was investigated on lignocellulosic wastes such as pineapple peel, corncob, and durian peel. (wu.ac.th)
- The hydrolysis of its main component cellulose to glucose necessitates a cellulase system consisting of cellobiohydrolase (CBH, E.C. (cyberleninka.org)
- for direct physical contact between cellulase and cellulose and, therefore, influences cellulase adsorption as well as the rate and extent of cellulose hydrolysis [21,25]. (cyberleninka.org)
Xylanase1
- Kim, SW , Moon, KH & Tae, BS 1996, ' Simple and rapid method for the isolation of Aspergillus niger mutants with enhanced cellulase and xylanase activity ', Biotechnology Techniques , vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 735-736. (elsevier.com)
Fermentation5
- The current study was concerning on investigating different factors of cellulase production from fungal sources by using agricultural wastes and studying its impacts on ruminal digestion and fermentation. (scialert.net)
- Therefore, using high yielding strains, optimal fermentation conditions and cheap production substrate is the way for maximum and economical cellulase production, especially with the increasing interest with utilizing cellulase in ruminant's diets. (scialert.net)
- So, the current study was carried out to investigate utilization of some agricultural by-products as substrate to produce fungal cellulase under the optimum fermentation conditions and the impacts of cellulase on ruminal in vitro degradability and fermentation. (scialert.net)
- It describes the current knowledge of cellulase production by submerged fermentation and solid state fermentation, properties of cellulase and cloning and expression of cellulase gene. (who.int)
- Objective: The effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cellulase enzyme on fermentation quality, microorganism population, chemical composition and in vitro gas production of sorghum silages were studied. (herts.ac.uk)
Microbial cellulases2
- However, microbial cellulases varied according to the microbial strain, cultivation conditions (such as pH, incubation period and inoculums size) in addition to growth medium composition particularly carbon and nitrogen sources 3 , 4 . (scialert.net)
- This study aimed to examine whether the Red Sea can be a resource for the bioprospecting of microbial cellulases by isolating cellulase-producing microorganisms from the Red Sea environment and characterizing cellulase genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Application of cellulase1
- The review discusses application of cellulase, classification of cellulase, quantification of cellulase, the types of cellulolytic bacteria and their screening. (who.int)
Maximum cellulase3
- showed high potentiality for maximum cellulase production (0.9 µmol ml −1 min −1 ) at pH 7.0 after 24 h of incubation at 40 °C in a medium containing 1.0% CMC. (biomedcentral.com)
- Afterwards, the effects of swollenin on cellulose particle size, maximum cellulase adsorption and cellulose crystallinity were quantified. (cyberleninka.org)
- The pretreatment with swollenin resulted in a significant decrease in particle size of the cellulosic substrates as well as in their crystallinity, thereby substantially increasing maximum cellulase adsorption onto these substrates. (cyberleninka.org)
Cellulosomes1
- She studied plant cell wall degradation, cellulases and cellulosomes, and biocompound production by various microorganisms, as well as on tolerance mechanisms of microbes toward chemicals. (caltech.edu)
Glucose3
- Moreover, cellulase enzyme can be an effective additive with agricultural by-product to produce simple glucose units which play a direct role in animals feeding by improved digestion in ruminants 14 . (scialert.net)
- We assayed extracts of the digestive system and of the whole body of Coptotermes formosanus to determine where the various cellulases, glucose, and related substances were concentrated and to detect pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in the hindgut-removed body in order to verify its full cellulolytic system. (irg-wp.com)
- Cellulose a glucose-based biopolymer, and structural components of paper material can be degraded into glucose by cellulase a hydrolytic enzyme system. (ijpsr.com)
Cellulolytic1
- It can be degraded by cellulase produced by cellulolytic bacteria. (who.int)
Gene2
- As represented by B. subtilis , a lot of studies regarding cellulase gene sequences, enzymatic activities, optimal condition for cellulolysis were published from Bacillus species. (biomedcentral.com)
- The cellulase gene ( BglC-M ) from the mutant was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) under the T7 promoter. (wu.ac.th)
Hydrolytic enzyme1
- Cellulase is one type of hydrolytic enzyme which targets cellulose fibers. (bakerpedia.com)
Bacteria7
- This study was conducted to isolate, screening and purification of cellulase from bacteria present in sugar industry waste (molasses) and characterization by morphological and biochemical analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Based on experiments, three bacterial strains produced clear transparent zone into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar plate were identified as cellulase producing bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cellulose is mainly degraded by cellulase enzyme which is commonly produced by bacteria and fungi [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The growth rate of bacteria is faster than fungi and has been widely used in cellulase production under different culture conditions [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therefore, this study was conducted to screening, optimization, purification and characterization of cellulase from cellulase producing bacteria present in molasses. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our study reports the isolation and characterization of cellulase-producing bacteria from the Red Sea. (biomedcentral.com)
- IMSEAR at SEARO: Cellulase Production by Bacteria: A Review. (who.int)
Biomass2
- There are few studies on cellulase production from raw biomass such as rice straw 4 . (scialert.net)
- Cellulases provide a key opportunity for achieving tremendous benefits of biomass utilization. (cyberleninka.org)
Lignocellulosic1
- The study tested the cellulase enzyme production ability of fungal strains against different lignocellulosic. (scialert.net)
Adsorption2
- According to the adsorption isotherm results, EG II has the most binding sites on the substrate, while CBH I has the strongest capability to displace other cellulases. (lu.se)
- The adsorption parameters of the recombinant swollenin onto cellulose were quantified for the first time and were comparable to those of individual cellulases from T. reesei. (cyberleninka.org)
Production6
- Simultaneously the effect of different fungal strains to choose according to the superiority of cellulase production, then environmental factors were studied such as carbon source concentrations, inoculum size, incubation period, initial pH and nitrogen source. (scialert.net)
- Pea pods showed best carbon source with 17.5% concentration for cellulase production. (scialert.net)
- About 4% inoculum size, 2 days of incubation and pH5 were recorded the highest value for cellulase production. (scialert.net)
- Many research being interested with utilizing agricultural as substrate for cellulases production 2 - 4 . (scialert.net)
- Agriculture sector produces a large amount of by-products and wastes that can be used for cellulase production including rice straw, wheat straw , bean straw, pea pods, corn stover and palm fronds 2 , 10 . (scialert.net)
- However, it is still unclear, what exactly enhances cellulase production in Rut-C30. (biomedcentral.com)
Substrate3
- The current findings showed potential possibilities to utilize agricultural wastes as a substrate for producing cellulase enzyme from Penicillium chrysogenum fugal strain which could be an effective additive to improve ruminant diet digestion and utilization. (scialert.net)
- The molecular weight of the purified cellulase was found to be 67 kDa by SDS-PAGE, had an optimal pH and temperature at 7.0 and 40 °C. According to substrate specificity, the purified cellulase had high specificity on CMC substrate which indicated it to be an endo-β-1,4-glucanase. (biomedcentral.com)
- Crystal structure and substrate-binding mode of cellulase 12A from Thermotoga maritima. (expasy.org)
Bacillus3
- The isolated strains were identified as Bacillus paralicheniformis and showed strong cellulase activity. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our whole-genome sequencing classified our three isolates as Bacillus paralicheniformis , and we revealed the presence of ten cellulase orthologues in each of three isolates' genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
- From our earlier work, we modified the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to increase cellulase activity using cold plasma technology. (wu.ac.th)
Vitro1
- Finally, produced cellulase was evaluated using in vitro batch culture technique. (scialert.net)
Carboxymethyl1
- The bacterial surface display method was used to selectively screen for improved variants of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase). (kribb.re.kr)
Agricultural1
- seminal cellulases, the furor of agricultural questions Edited in the English form by chickens of the British Isles( commenting Ireland) from the sickly psychoanalysis to the same poem. (beck-68.de)
Genes5
- However, there is little information regarding cellulase genes in the Red Sea environment. (biomedcentral.com)
- By whole genome sequencing, we found 10 cellulase genes from the three isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
- We compared the expression of these cellulase genes under cellulase-inducing and non-inducing conditions and found that most of the cellulase genes were generally upregulated during cellulolysis in the isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our operon structure analysis also showed that cellulase genes form operons with genes involved in various kinds of cellular reactions, such as protein metabolism, which suggests the existence of crosstalk between cellulolysis and other metabolic pathways in the bacterial isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our comparative expression analysis also identified that most of the cellulase genes were upregulated under the inducing conditions in general. (biomedcentral.com)
Agar1
- Ease the gel strength from the resultant cellulase could act on the algal cell wall, promoting the dissolution of agar during hot agar, cellulase could act around the algal cell wall, advertising the dissolution of agar during water extraction. (icbinhibitor.com)
Catalytic1
- Depending on the number of CBMs appended to the cellulase catalytic core, binding properties toward cellulose and lignin were highly contrasted. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Https1
- In brief, the cyst wall was permeabilized by incubating stool specimen in 1 mL of cellulase (Sigma Aldrich, https://www.sigmaaldrich.com ) for 48 hours at 45°C ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Cellulolysis1
- These results suggest that multiple cellulases are playing important roles in cellulolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Activity3
- Penicillium chrysogenum recorded the highest value for cellulase activity. (scialert.net)
- It was derived from the T. reesei wild-type isolate QM6a through three rounds of mutagenesis (ultraviolet (UV) light and N-nitroguanidine) followed by a screening for the release from carbon catabolite repression (CCR) and high cellulase activity [ 8 ]-[ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- After cellulase activity was stopped by washing with physiologic water and 5 minutes of centrifugation at 3,000 g, the pellet was incorporated into 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-FISH staining. (cdc.gov)
Strain1
- Methods: Commercial inoculant Lactobacillus plantarum Chikuso 1 (CH), local selected strain Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) TH 14 and Acremonium cellulase (AC) were used as additives in sorghum silage preparation. (herts.ac.uk)
Complex1
- 1. Even if research costs are minimal, producing Cellulase is a complex and costly process. (pharmiweb.com)
Isolates2
- These results suggested that these three isolates secreted active cellulases. (biomedcentral.com)
- Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1982, cellulases perfect Conflict and Civic Life: veteres and isolates in India. (beck-68.de)
Agriculture1
- In such scenario, cellulase is being used in many of the industrial applications mainly but not limited in the field of cotton processing, paper recycling, agriculture and in the field of research and development [2-7]. (cyberleninka.org)
Sugar1
- Cellulase is a fibre-digesting bone at birth it hellish confusion beyond brain in the Lake Mungo area of Australia dated natural sugar (fibre) in nature cellulose. (dridiesel.com)
Studies2
- 2. Unlike generic drug creation, Cellulase producers, will also need to invest in clinical studies and safety controls procedures comparable to those performed by original patent-holding firms. (pharmiweb.com)
- This approach opens an insight for further studies to discovermore about the effects of ILs on cellulase and their interactions in the aqueous system. (iium.edu.my)
Study1
- In this study, cellulase was therefore tested in several ILs. (iium.edu.my)