Cell respiration. Medical search

The metabolic process of all living cells (animal and plant) in which oxygen is used to provide a source of energy for the cell.

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A multisubunit enzyme complex containing CYTOCHROME A GROUP; CYTOCHROME A3; two copper atoms; and 13 different protein subunits. It is the terminal oxidase complex of the RESPIRATORY CHAIN and collects electrons that are transferred from the reduced CYTOCHROME C GROUP and donates them to molecular OXYGEN, which is then reduced to water. The redox reaction is simultaneously coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing. The cycle begins with slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase in depth and rate and is then followed by a period of apnea. The period of apnea can last 5 to 30 seconds, then the cycle repeats every 45 seconds to 3 minutes.

Electron transfer through the cytochrome system liberating free energy which is transformed into high-energy phosphate bonds.

The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)

Role of hypoxia-induced Bax translocation and cytochrome c release in reoxygenation injury. (1/1245)

We investigated mechanisms of cell death during hypoxia/reoxygenation of cultured kidney cells. During glucose-free hypoxia, cell ATP levels declined steeply resulting in the translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria. Concurrently, there was cytochrome c release and caspase activation. Cells that leaked cytochrome c underwent apoptosis after reoxygenation. ATP depletion induced by a mitochondrial uncoupler resulted in similar alterations even in the presence of oxygen. Moreover, inclusion of glucose during hypoxia prevented protein translocations and reoxygenation injury by maintaining intracellular ATP. Thus, ATP depletion, rather than hypoxia per se, was the cause of protein translocations. Overexpression of Bcl-2 prevented cytochrome c release and reoxygenation injury without ameliorating ATP depletion or Bax translocation. On the other hand, caspase inhibitors did not prevent protein translocations, but inhibited apoptosis during reoxygenation. Nevertheless, they could not confer long-term viability, since mitochondria had been damaged. Omission of glucose during reoxygenation resulted in continued failure of ATP production, and cell death with necrotic morphology. In contrast, cells expressing Bcl-2 had functional mitochondria and remained viable during reoxygenation even without glucose. Therefore, Bax translocation during hypoxia is a molecular trigger for cell death during reoxygenation. If ATP is available during reoxygenation, apoptosis develops; otherwise, death occurs by necrosis. By preserving mitochondrial integrity, BCL-2 prevents both forms of cell death and ensures cell viability. (+info)

Beneficial effects of raxofelast (IRFI 016), a new hydrophilic vitamin E-like antioxidant, in carrageenan-induced pleurisy. (2/1245)

1. Peroxynitrite is a strong oxidant that results from reaction between NO and superoxide. It has been recently proposed that peroxynitrite plays a pathogenetic role in inflammatory processes. Here we have investigated the therapeutic efficacy of raxofelast, a new hydrophilic vitamin E-like antioxidant agent, in rats subjected to carrageenan-induced pleurisy. 2. In vivo treatment with raxofelast (5, 10, 20 mg kg(-1) intraperitoneally 5 min before carrageenan) prevented in a dose dependent manner carrageenan-induced pleural exudation and polymorphonuclear migration in rats subjected to carrageenan-induced pleurisy. Lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as histological organ injury were significantly reduced by raxofelast. 3. Immunohistochemical analysis for nitrotyrosine, a footprint of peroxynitrite, revealed a positive staining in lungs from carrageenan-treated rats. No positive nitrotyrosine staining was found in the lungs of the carrageenan-treated rats, which received raxofelast (20 mg kg 1) treatment. 4. Furthermore, in vivo raxofelast (5, 10, 20 mg kg(-1)) treatment significantly reduced peroxynitrite formation as measured by the oxidation of the fluorescent dihydrorhodamine 123, prevented the appearance of DNA damage, the decrease in mitochondrial respiration and partially restored the cellular level of NAD+ in ex vivo macrophages harvested from the pleural cavity of rats subjected to carrageenan-induced pleurisy. 5. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that raxofelast, a new hydrophilic vitamin E-like antioxidant agent, exerts multiple protective effects in carrageenan-induced acute inflammation. (+info)

Cytosolic Ca2+ movements of endothelial cells exposed to reactive oxygen intermediates: role of hydroxyl radical-mediated redox alteration of cell-membrane Ca2+ channels. (3/1245)

1. The mode of action of reactive oxygen intermediates in cysosolic Ca2+ movements of cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells exposed to xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) was investigated. 2. Cytosolic Ca2+ movements provoked by X/XO consisted of an initial Ca2+ release from thapsigargin-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ stores and a sustained Ca2+ influx through cell-membrane Ca2+ channels. The Ca2+ movements from both sources were inhibited by catalase, cell-membrane permeable iron chelators (o-phenanthroline and deferoxamine), a *OH scavenger (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide), or an anion channel blocker (disodium 4, 4'-diisothiocyano-2, 2'-stilbenedisulphonic acid), suggesting that *O2- influx through anion channels was responsible for the Ca2+ movements, in which *OH generation catalyzed by intracellular transition metals (i.e., Haber-Weiss cycle) was involved. 3. After an initial Ca2+ elevation provoked by X/XO, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration decreased to a level higher than basal levels. Removal of X/XO slightly enhanced the Ca2+ decrease. Extracellular addition of sulphydryl (SH)-reducing agents, dithiothreitol or glutathione, after the removal of X/XO accelerated the decrement. A Ca2+ channel blocker, Ni2+, abolished the sustained increase in Ca2+, suggesting that Ca2+ influx through cell-membrane Ca2+ channels was extracellularly regulated by the redox state of SH-groups. 4. The X/XO-provoked change in cellular respiration was inhibited by Ni2+ or dithiothreitol as well as inhibitors of Haber-Weiss cycle, suggesting that Ca2+ influx was responsible for *OH-mediated cytotoxicity. We concluded that intracellular *OH generation was involved in the Ca2+ movements in endothelial cells exposed to X/XO. Cytosolic Ca2+ elevation was partly responsible for the oxidants-mediated cytotoxicity. (+info)

Myogenin induces a shift of enzyme activity from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism in muscles of transgenic mice. (4/1245)

Physical training regulates muscle metabolic and contractile properties by altering gene expression. Electrical activity evoked in muscle fiber membrane during physical activity is crucial for such regulation, but the subsequent intracellular pathway is virtually unmapped. Here we investigate the ability of myogenin, a muscle-specific transcription factor strongly regulated by electrical activity, to alter muscle phenotype. Myogenin was overexpressed in transgenic mice using regulatory elements that confer strong expression confined to differentiated post-mitotic fast muscle fibers. In fast muscles from such mice, the activity levels of oxidative mitochondrial enzymes were elevated two- to threefold, whereas levels of glycolytic enzymes were reduced to levels 0.3-0.6 times those found in wild-type mice. Histochemical analysis shows widespread increases in mitochondrial components and glycogen accumulation. The changes in enzyme content were accompanied by a reduction in fiber size, such that many fibers acquired a size typical of oxidative fibers. No change in fiber type-specific myosin heavy chain isoform expression was observed. Changes in metabolic properties without changes in myosins are observed after moderate endurance training in mammals, including humans. Our data suggest that myogenin regulated by electrical activity may mediate effects of physical training on metabolic capacity in muscle. (+info)

Mitochondrial group II introns, cytochrome c oxidase, and senescence in Podospora anserina. (5/1245)

Podospora anserina is a filamentous fungus with a limited life span. It expresses a degenerative syndrome called senescence, which is always associated with the accumulation of circular molecules (senDNAs) containing specific regions of the mitochondrial chromosome. A mobile group II intron (alpha) has been thought to play a prominent role in this syndrome. Intron alpha is the first intron of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COX1). Mitochondrial mutants that escape the senescence process are missing this intron, as well as the first exon of the COX1 gene. We describe here the first mutant of P. anserina that has the alpha sequence precisely deleted and whose cytochrome c oxidase activity is identical to that of wild-type cells. The integration site of the intron is slightly modified, and this change prevents efficient homing of intron alpha. We show here that this mutant displays a senescence syndrome similar to that of the wild type and that its life span is increased about twofold. The introduction of a related group II intron into the mitochondrial genome of the mutant does not restore the wild-type life span. These data clearly demonstrate that intron alpha is not the specific senescence factor but rather an accelerator or amplifier of the senescence process. They emphasize the role that intron alpha plays in the instability of the mitochondrial chromosome and the link between this instability and longevity. Our results strongly support the idea that in Podospora, "immortality" can be acquired not by the absence of intron alpha but rather by the lack of active cytochrome c oxidase. (+info)

Oxygen-dependent inhibition of respiration in isolated renal tubules by nitric oxide. (6/1245)

BACKGROUND: The partial pressure (tension) of oxygen (PO2) in the kidney medulla has been established to be lower than that of the cortex. The kidney medulla has been shown to be particularly sensitive to hypoxia. However, the measured PO2 in the kidney medulla is sufficient to support maximal respiration. It has been recently shown that endogenously produced nitric oxide (NO) may inhibit oxygen consumption in the kidney. We studied whether NO plays a role in hypersensitivity of the kidney medulla to hypoxia. METHODS: We studied the effect of added NO on isolated cortical and outer medullary renal tubules in simultaneous oxygen consumption and NO measurements at different oxygen concentrations. RESULTS: We found that NO could potently and reversibly inhibit respiration at nanomolar concentrations. The inhibitory effect of NO was markedly increased at low physiological oxygen concentrations. The effect of NO was cGMP independent because the selective guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) at a 10 microM concentration had no effect on basal or NO-inhibited respiration. The value for half-maximal NO-mediated inhibition of respiration was virtually identical to that found in isolated mitochondria, and therefore, NO was most likely directly acting on mitochondria. Interestingly, we found no differences in sensitivity to NO-mediated inhibition between outer medullary and cortical tubules. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that because of its low PO2, the renal outer medulla is more sensitive to hypoxia, not because of the low PO2 as such, but probably because of the competition between NO and oxygen to control respiration. (+info)

Declines in mitochondrial respiration during cardiac reperfusion: age-dependent inactivation of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. (7/1245)

We previously reported that cardiac reperfusion results in declines in mitochondrial NADH-linked respiration. The degree of inactivation increased with age and was paralleled by modification of protein by the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. To gain insight into potential sites of oxidative damage, the present study was undertaken to identify specific mitochondrial protein(s) inactivated during ischemia and reperfusion and to determine which of these losses in activity are responsible for observed declines in mitochondrial respiration. Using a Langendorff rat heart perfusion protocol, we observed age-dependent inactivation of complex I during ischemia and complex IV and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase during reperfusion. Although losses in complex I and IV activities were found not to be of sufficient magnitude to cause declines in mitochondrial respiration, an age-related decrease in complex I activity during ischemia may predispose old animals to more severe oxidative damage during reperfusion. It was determined that inactivation of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is responsible, in large part, for observed reperfusion-induced declines in NADH-linked respiration. alpha-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is highly susceptible to 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal inactivation in vitro. Thus, our results suggest a plausible mechanism for age-dependent, reperfusion-induced declines in mitochondrial function and identify alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase as a likely site of free radical-mediated damage. (+info)

Respiratory uncoupling induces delta-aminolevulinate synthase expression through a nuclear respiratory factor-1-dependent mechanism in HeLa cells. (8/1245)

Nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1 appears to be important for the expression of several respiratory genes, but there is no direct evidence that NRF-1 transduces a physiological signal into the production of an enzyme critical for mitochondrial biogenesis. We generated HeLa cells containing plasmids allowing doxycycline-inducible expression of uncoupling protein (UCP)-1. In the absence of doxycycline, UCP-1 mRNA and protein were undetectable. In the presence of doxycycline, UCP-1 was expressed and oxygen consumption doubled. This rise in oxygen consumption was associated with an increase in NRF-1 mRNA. It was also associated with an increase in NRF-1 protein binding activity as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay using a functional NRF-1 binding site from the delta-aminolevulinate (ALA) synthase promoter. Respiratory uncoupling also caused a time-dependent increase in protein levels of ALA synthase, an early marker for mitochondrial biogenesis. ALA synthase induction by respiratory uncoupling was prevented by transfecting cells with an oligonucleotide antisense to the region of the NRF-1 initiation codon; a scrambled oligonucleotide with the same base composition had no effect. Respiratory uncoupling increases oxygen consumption and lowers energy reserves. In HeLa cells, uncoupling also increases ALA synthase, an enzyme critical for mitochondrial respiration, but only if translatable mRNA for NRF-1 is available. These data suggest that the transcription factor NRF-1 plays a key role in cellular adaptation to energy demands by translating physiological signals into an increased capacity for generating energy. (+info)

The term "Cheyne-Stokes" was first used to describe this type of respiration by British physician William Cheyne in 1832, and later popularized by John Stokes in 1854. It is also known as "stop-and-go breathing" or "alternating apnea."

Cheyne-Stokes respiration is thought to be caused by changes in the autonomic nervous system that regulate breathing, which can be influenced by various factors such as heart failure, anemia, and medications. The exact mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a complex interplay between cardiac output, venous return, and respiratory muscle function.

The clinical significance of Cheyne-Stokes respiration lies in its potential impact on patient outcomes. It can lead to hypoxia (lack of oxygen) and acidosis (excessive acidity), which can worsen cardiorespiratory symptoms and increase the risk of complications such as heart failure exacerbation, respiratory failure, and death.

Diagnosis of Cheyne-Stokes respiration typically involves monitoring of arterial blood gases, electrocardiography (ECG), and chest radiography. Treatment strategies may include addressing underlying conditions such as heart failure or COPD, adjusting medications, and providing respiratory support as needed.

In summary, Cheyne-Stokes respiration is an abnormal breathing pattern characterized by repetitive cycles of shallow and deep breaths, with periods of apnea and hyperpnea. It is commonly seen in patients with cardiorespiratory conditions and can have significant clinical implications.

All cells can perform anaerobic respiration by glycolysis. Additionally, most organisms can perform more efficient aerobic ... The isolated reaction of anabolism is unfavorable in a cell due to a positive Gibbs Free Energy (+ΔG). Thus, an input of ... The metabolism of a cell consists of an elaborate network of interconnected pathways that enable the synthesis and breakdown of ... The metabolic pathway in the cell is regulated by covalent or non-covalent modifications. A covalent modification involves an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_pathway

Some glucose is used within the cells during respiration. The rest of the glucose is converted into non-reducing sugar i.e. ... solution in the photosynthesis cells. The sucrose is actively transported to the companion cells of the smallest veins in the ... Cells in a sugar source "load" a sieve-tube element by actively transporting solute molecules into it. This causes water to ... In sugar sinks, cells actively transport solutes out of the sieve-tube elements, producing the exactly opposite effect. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_flow_hypothesis

This prevents cellular respiration completely leading to cell death. Because Antimycin A binds to a specific protein in the ... In cultured cells at the background of mitochondrial respiration inhibition, the rate of superoxide production exceeds the ... overwhelming the cell and leading to cell death. It has also been found to inhibit the cyclic electron flow within ... Antimycin A is an inhibitor of cellular respiration, specifically oxidative phosphorylation. Antimycin A binds to the Qi site ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimycin_A

Mitochondria in both plant and animal cells perform respiration; the release of this stored energy when work is done. In ... Alberts et al., The Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Science. All editions (pgs 868-869 in 5th edition) CoRR seeks to ... Chloroplasts in plant cells perform photosynthesis; the capture and conversion of the energy of sunlight. ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Use dmy dates from April 2017, Bacteria, Cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoRR_hypothesis

Cellular respiration happens when a cell takes glucose and oxygen and uses it to produce carbon dioxide, energy, and water. ... Ecosystem respiration is the sum of all respiration occurring by the living organisms in a specific ecosystem. The two main ... Ecosystems return this carbon through animal respiration, and plant respiration. This constant cycle of carbon through the ... "Respiration of three Belgian crops: Partitioning of total ecosystem respiration in its heterotrophic, above- and below-ground ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_respiration

Harvey, E.N. (1932). "The evolution of bioluminescence and its relation to cell respiration". Proceedings of the American ... Dead cells do not produce any bioluminescence due to absence of ATP The amount of the intensity of the signal is constant for ... Living cells that contain ATP produce a bioluminescent flash due to the luciferin-luciferase reaction in presence of ATP. ... In Vivo luminescence cell and animal imaging uses dyes and fluorescent proteins as chromophores. The characteristics of each ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioluminescence

Sonveaux, P. (2008). "Targeting lactate-fueled respiration selectively kills hypoxic tumor cells in mice". The Journal of ... Investigation into how MCT-mediated lactate exchange in targeted tumor cells can be inhibited, therefore depriving cells of key ... This is of particular importance during tumor cell development when cells often undergo anaerobic metabolism, as described by ... Brooks, G.A. (2009). "Cell-cell and intracellular lactate shuttles". The Journal of Physiology. 587 (23): 5591-5600. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactate_shuttle_hypothesis

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of cell aerobic respiration. Important examples include; oxygen free radicals ... Carbon dioxide, a waste product, is released from the cells and into the blood, where it is converted to bicarbonate or binds ... Molecular oxygen, O2, is essential for cellular respiration in all aerobic organisms. Oxygen is used as an electron acceptor in ... The reaction for the aerobic respiration is essentially the reverse of photosynthesis, except that now there is a large release ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxygen_in_biological_reactions

Spees, J. L.; Olson, S.; Whitney, M.; Prockop, D. (2006). "Mitochondrial transfer between cells can rescue aerobic respiration ... cells are packed closely together and a cell protrusion from one cell will easily push into a neighboring "target" cell without ... "Listeria monocytogenes exploits normal host cell processes to spread from cell to cell". J Cell Biol. 146 (6): 1333-50. doi: ... In peripheral tissues, Listeria can invade cells such as monocytes and dendritic cells from infected endothelial cells via the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracytophagy

April 2015). "The protein LEM promotes CD8+ T cell immunity through effects on mitochondrial respiration". Science. 348 (6238 ... The protein was found to be responsible for an increased production of T cells in mice. The protein may be relevant to humans ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte_expansion_molecule

This increases heat production as respiration is an exothermic reaction in muscle cells. Shivering is more effective than ... Frostbite occurs only when water within the cells begins to freeze. This destroys the cell causing damage. Muscles can also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoregulation_in_humans

Arnold S, Kadenbach B (October 1997). "Cell respiration s controlled by ATP, an allosteric inhibitor of cytochrome-c oxidase". ... Cell. 151 (7): 1528-41. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.11.053. PMID 23260140. Kozjak-Pavlovic V, Prell F, Thiede B, Götz M, Wosiek D, ... It is the last enzyme in the respiratory electron transport chain of cells located in the membrane. It receives an electron ... NO and CN− will compete with oxygen to bind at the site, reducing the rate of cellular respiration. Endogenous NO, however, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_c_oxidase

2003). "Solitary chemoreceptor cells in the nasal cavity serve as sentinels of respiration". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100 (15 ... The respiratory passages, including the nose and trachea, possess specialized cells called solitary chemosensory cells which ... 2011). "Cholinergic chemosensory cells in the trachea regulate breathing". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108 (23): 9478-83. Bibcode ... Alternatively, irritant chemicals may activate cells of the epithelium to release substances that indirectly activate the nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemesthesis

This requires the expenditure of metabolic energy released from the respiration of root cells. There is no direct evidence, but ... The diffusion pressure deficit in a cell of a leaf is developed because of transpiration then water from the adjacent cell ... cell in the same way diffusion pressure deficit is developed in the second cell and water moves to it from the adjacent cell. ... generated by the root respiration: as the root cells actively take part in the process, it is called active absorption. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_of_water

"Natural compounds of the strobilurin series and their synthetic analogues as cell respiration inhibitors". [Russian Chemical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strobilurin

Cells performing aerobic respiration synthesize much more ATP, but not as part of glycolysis. These further aerobic reactions ... All cells contain the enzyme hexokinase, which catalyzes the conversion of glucose that has entered the cell into glucose-6- ... Hexokinase is inhibited by high levels of G6P in the cell. Thus the rate of entry of glucose into cells partially depends on ... Thus, these cells rely on anaerobic metabolic processes such as glycolysis for ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Some tumor cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COX4I1

These coenzymes are involved in energy metabolism, cell respiration, antibody production, growth and development. Riboflavin is ... These coenzymes are involved in energy metabolism, cellular respiration, and antibody production, as well as normal growth and ... which is essential to the production of hemoglobin and red blood cells. Alleviating riboflavin deficiency in people who are ... the remainder having been partially metabolized to hydroxymethylriboflavin from oxidation within cells, and as other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboflavin

"Natural compounds of the strobilurin series and their synthetic analogues as cell respiration inhibitors". Russian Chemical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrokavain

The various parts of cellular respiration take place in different parts of the cell. In eukaryotes, glycolysis occurs in the ... These metabolic processes are important for cellular respiration-the conversion of biochemical energy from nutrients into ... "Comprehensive mapping of HLA-A0201-restricted CD8 T-cell epitopes on PDC-E2 in primary biliary cirrhosis". Hepatology. 36 (5): ... of pyruvate from glycolysis into acetyl-CoA which is then used in the citric acid cycle to carry out cellular respiration. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrolipoyl_transacetylase

Cell respiration is controlled by ATP, an allosteric inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase, Eur. J. Biochem. 249, 350-354 (1997). B ... Defective cytochrome c oxidase activity was found in mitochondrial diseases and in human muscle cells with increasing age. Ten ... "Mitochondrial respiration is controlled by Allostery, Subunit Composition and Phosphorylation Sites of Cytochrome c Oxidase: A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Kadenbach

"HIF-1 regulates cytochrome oxidase subunits to optimize efficiency of respiration in hypoxic cells". Cell. 129 (1): 111-22. doi ... 10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.047. PMID 17418790. S2CID 2331820. Michel B, Bosshard HR (August 1984). "Spectroscopic analysis of the ... cells". Biochemical Pharmacology. 63 (5): 1009-17. doi:10.1016/S0006-2952(01)00937-6. PMID 11911854. This article incorporates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COX4I2

"Glucose Reduction Prevents Replicative Senescence and Increases Mitochondrial Respiration in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells". ... Fat stem cells failed to pick up a new blood supply will die and be removed from the body by immune cells. However, when this ... Yet, the fat cell retention rate was varied from 30% to 95%. The first theory that explains graft survival is the Cell Survival ... The stem cell market has grown largely along with the increasing awareness of stem cells in regenerative medicine. The Google ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_fat_grafting

NR4A3 plays a central regulatory role in cell proliferation, differentiation, mitochondrial respiration, metabolism and ... "β-Cell deletion of Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 nuclear receptors impedes mitochondrial respiration and insulin secretion". Am J Physiol ... Rius J, Martínez-González J, Crespo J, Badimon L (Feb 2006). "NOR-1 is involved in VEGF-induced endothelial cell growth". ... "The NR4A orphan nuclear receptor NOR1 is induced by platelet-derived growth factor and mediates vascular smooth muscle cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_receptor_4A3

... has regulatory roles in cell respiration and apoptosis. Both opposites and cell respiration are important elements of cell ... Studies demonstrated that DAP3 expression tended to be low to nonexistent in the tumor cells of B-cell lymphoma, non-small cell ... an apoptotic cell undergoes structural changes including cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation, and ... It is a mode of cell death defined by characteristic morphological, biochemical and molecular changes. It was first described ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAP3

It is a possibility that the respiration of these cells is coupled to mercury methylation. The Acetyl-CoA pathway for mercury ... The cell damage is irreversible. The half-life of methylmercury in human tissue is 70 days, which allows it ample time to ... Before mercury can be methylated, it must be transported into the cell through the lipid membrane. Mercury ions are bound by a ... The toxicity of methylmercury in humans is due to methyl mercury crossing the blood-brain barrier and causing cell lysis in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_methylation

"Mitochondrial respiration and respiration-associated proteins in cell lines created through Parkinson's subject mitochondrial ... 2010) found that cell lines with Parkinson's disease show increased proton leakage in complex I, which causes decreased maximum ... This enzyme is essential for the normal functioning of cells, and mutations in its subunits lead to a wide range of inherited ... Molecular Cell Biology. 16 (6): 375-88. doi:10.1038/nrm3997. PMID 25991374. S2CID 31633494. Voet DJ, Voet GJ, Pratt CW (2008 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_complex_I

This reaction occurs in or near living cells, which are releasing hydrogen in respiration processes. Depending on size, all ... Respiration is accelerated and formazan is produced rapidly. During the early stages of deterioration, these tissues become ... Dead tissues do not stain, remaining usually white (aged tissue) because the lack of respiration prevents the production of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_testing

V. A solution for the equations representing interaction between glycolysis and respiration in ascites tumor cells. Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britton_Chance

Sugar in the form of glucose is the main nutrient used by animal and plant cells in respiration. Cellular respiration involving ... Differentiation is the process by which specialized cells from less specialized cells such as stem cells. Stem cells are ... and that all cells arise from preexisting cells through cell division. Most cells are very small, with diameters ranging from 1 ... or transfection if the host cells were eukaryotic cells like yeast, plant, or animal cells. Once the host cell or organism has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology

Stem Cell-based Biomedical Microrobot: Mesenchymal stem cell delivery scaffold with magnetic actuating system for articular ... An articulated robotic arm to carry a human & respiration synchronization method) Surgeon-Robot Interaction for Bone-Fracture ... With size of 200~300 um, it is the world's first stem cell based microrobot. It was developed in 2017 and transferred and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot_research_initiative

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.039. PMC 5329766. PMID 28187287. Cooper GM (2000). "The Molecular Composition of Cells". The Cell: A ... of glucose to pyruvate by cellular respiration); or anabolic - the building up (synthesis) of compounds (such as proteins, ... Proteins are also important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, active transport across membranes, and the cell ... Binding of the hormone to insulin receptors on cells then activates a cascade of protein kinases that cause the cells to take ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism

Inhibition of respiration of tumor cells by methyl glyoxal and protection of inhibition by lactaldehyde (1991) in International ... From a putative intermediate of glucose breakdown to its role in understanding that excessive ATP formation in cells may lead ... its possible role in the high glycolysis of malignant cells (1999) in European Journal of Biochemistry "Manju Ray". Indian ... Cancer Inhibition of electron flow through complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain on Earlich Ascites Carsinoma cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manju_Ray

This was the first time that more than a single origin of DNA replication had been shown to be used in a prokaryotic cell. The ... their energy comes from the oxidation of sulfur and/or cellular respiration in which sulfur acts as the final electron acceptor ... Sulfolobus cells are irregularly shaped and flagellar. Species of Sulfolobus are generally named after the location from which ... Permanent lysogens differ from lysogenic bacteriophages in that the host cells are not lysed after the induction of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfolobus

... cellular respiration and other sources cause damage to the molecular machines in the cell and gradually wear them down. This is ... cells upon cell division, with the mother cell experiencing aging, while the daughter is rejuvenated. There is negligible ... Cloning from somatic cells rather than germ cells may begin life with a higher initial load of damage. Dolly the sheep died ... Senescent cells within a multicellular organism can be purged by competition between cells, but this increases the risk of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senescence

... and new cell mass. Anaerobic processes occur in the absence of oxygen and produce less cell mass than aerobic processes. An ... Even after harvesting, fruits and vegetables undergo the biological processes of respiration, transpiration, and ripening. ... These processes convert organic matter to cell mass through synthesis processes of microorganisms. Aerobic processes occur in ... irradiation for food preservation started in the 1940s as an extension of studies on the effect of radiation on living cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_biological_process_engineering

The resulting reduction in per-cell copy number of mtDNA plays a role in the mitochondrial bottleneck, exploiting cell-to-cell ... This is the first multicellular organism known to have this absence of aerobic respiration and lives completely free of oxygen ... The bottleneck exploits random processes in the cell to increase the cell-to-cell variability in mutant load as an organism ... the cells of the inner cell mass restrict mtDNA replication until they receive the signals to differentiate to specific cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA

... plays an important role in regulating respiration in mammals. It is one of the four cell groups of the Ventral Respiratory ... These currents depolarize the cell further enough to activate NMDA receptors and ICAN, which helps cell regenerate its bursts. ... It also contains cells that initiate spontaneous breathing. Research is being conducted on the mechanisms involved, but it is ... The capability to detect focal hypoxia causes an excitatory response in the motor output responsible for respiration, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Bötzinger_complex

Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration. 2: 885-914. doi:10.1007/0-306-47954-0_41. ISBN 0-7923-3681-X. Imam S, Noguera D, ... Such a metabolic versatility has motivated the investigation of R. sphaeroides as a microbial cell factory for biotechnological ... Altogether, these tools can be employed for improving R. sphaeroides as cell factory for industrial biotechnology. Knowledge of ... Zannoni D, Schoepp-Cothenet B, Hosler J (2013). "Respiration and Respiratory Complexes". The Purple Phototrophic Bacteria. 28: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodobacter_sphaeroides

To address this question, she studied single cells in Cartesian divers and found that rhythms occurred in single cells that ... Photosynthetic Capacity and Respiration". Plant Physiology. 60 (3): 384-387. doi:10.1104/pp.60.3.384. ISSN 0032-0889. PMC ... At that time, biological rhythms were known for a variety of assemblages of cells but Sweeney noted that when such rhythms ... Sweeney, Beatrice M.; Borgese, M. Beatriz (March 1989). "A Circadian Rhythm in Cell Division in a Prokaryote, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice_M._Sweeney

The nervous system usually consists of a distributed net of cells, although some species possess more organised nerve rings. In ... Scyphozoans have no durable hard parts, including no head, no skeleton, and no specialized organs for respiration or excretion ... The lining of the digestive system includes further stinging nematocysts, along with cells that secrete digestive enzymes. ... The mesoglea includes mobile amoeboid cells originating from the epidermis. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scyphozoa

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.071. PMC 4947008. PMID 27374330. Long JZ, Roche AM, Berdan CA, Louie SM, Roberts AJ, Svensson KJ, et ... Mechanistically, N-fatty acyl amino acids function as UCP1-independent uncouplers of mitochondrial respiration. PM20D1 has also ... August 2017). "Long-Term Cold Adaptation Does Not Require FGF21 or UCP1". Cell Metabolism. 26 (2): 437-446.e5. doi:10.1016/j. ... July 2016). "The Secreted Enzyme PM20D1 Regulates Lipidated Amino Acid Uncouplers of Mitochondria". Cell. 166 (2): 424-435. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM20D1

Cell. 122 (6): 957-68. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0010-8592-0. PMID 16169070. S2CID 8235923. Pollak ... Cellular respiration, Metabolism). ... NADK is highly regulated by the redox state of the cell. ... there are also cases where NADK activity appears to potentiate cell death. Genetic studies done in human haploid cell lines ... "Human Haploid Cell Genetics Reveals Roles for Lipid Metabolism Genes in Nonapoptotic Cell Death". ACS Chemical Biology. 10 (7 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAD _kinase

... suggests that members of Kryptonia are heterotrophs with a putative capacity for iron respiration. They are inferred to be ... was first proposed in 2016 following the recovery of genomes from a large-scale effort to mine metagenomic and single-cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryptonia

Cells are rod-shaped with almost rectangular ends and are about 1.5-8 * 0.5-0.6 µm. Pyrobaculum is motile because of ... Most species grow either chemolithoautotrophically by sulfur reduction or organotrophically by sulfur respiration or by ... It is Gram-negative and its cells are surrounded by an S-layer of protein subunits. P. aerophilum is a hyperthermophilic and ... It utilizes both organic (maximal cell densities were observed with complex organics such as yeast extract, meat extract, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrobaculum

Because such blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, a higher concentration in the blood can improve an ... The body undergoes aerobic respiration in order to provide sufficient delivery of O2 to the exercising skeletal muscles and the ... Blood doping is a form of doping in which the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream is boosted in order to enhance ... The freezing process, conversely, limits the aging of the cells, allowing the storage of the blood for up to 10 years with a 10 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_doping

Plant Symposium of the SEB: Oxidative stress and cell death in plants: mechanisms and implications, Florence, Italy, 26-28 June ... Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration. Vol. 19. pp. 65-82. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-3218-9_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3217-2. Genty ... High performance imaging fluorometer systems provide options to analyze single cell/single chloroplast as well as sample areas ... Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration. Vol. 19. pp. 713-736. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-3218-9_28. ISBN 978-1-4020-3217-2. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll_fluorescence

Species in less humid environment are smaller or less robust, with less abundant and thinner foliage and have oleifera cells ... allowing perspiration and respiration from plant in wet laurel forest habitat. The fruit is a berry dispersed mostly by birds. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubitzkia

Absence of fever (febrile), and normal white blood cell count correspond to successful reversion and allow for a positive ... Increased ventilation to allow proper respiration is then required. Patients in recovery are slowly taken off oxygen support ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson–Mikity_syndrome

are released from the copepod anus as free dinospore cells. Not much is known about the dinospore stage of Blastodinium and its ... Their moulted exoskeletons, faecal pellets, and respiration at depth all bring carbon to the deep sea. About half of the ... This is compared to uninfected females which, on average, ate 2.93 × 104 cells copepod−1 d−1. Blastodinium-infected females of ... Most free-living copepods feed directly on phytoplankton, catching cells individually. A single copepod can consume up to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copepod

TH2-type lymphocytes are activated, with an increase in T cells expressing CD25 (IL-2R), and B cells expressing CD 23, causing ... and increase delivery of air to the alveoli during respiration. Unlike the SABAs, these medications do not provide relief of ... These smooth muscle cells have muscarinic M3 receptors on their membrane. The activation of these receptors by acetylcholine ... that will end in an increase of intracellular calcium concentrations and therefore contraction of the smooth muscle cell. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchoconstriction

Pasteur originally defined fermentation as "respiration without air". Pasteur performed careful research and concluded: Je ... development and multiplication of cells … . If asked, in what consists the chemical act whereby the sugar is decomposed … I am ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymology

... wider filaments instead are disk-shaped with cell lengths from 0.10 to 0.90 times their cell width. In all of the cultured ... Anaerobic respiration: PHA + S 0 ⟶ CO 2 + H 2 S {\displaystyle {\ce {PHA + S^0 -> CO2 + H2S}}} The strain Beggiatoa sp. 35Flor ... Species of Beggiatoa have cells up to 200 µm in diameter and they are one of the largest prokaryotes on Earth. The genera ... Nitrogen can be a source for growth or, in the case of nitrate, it can be an electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beggiatoa

"The direct effect comes from the release of copper ions which degrade the DNA of a cell and inhibit its respiration. The ... and a copper plate coating them both with 10 million cells each of MRSA. What they found was that bacteria thrived on the ... which are even quicker than copper itself at destroying the DNA and inhibiting respiration." Tests have shown that copper is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Door_handle_bacteria

Cell Tissue Res 169, 395-403. Hawkins, M. B. (n.d.). The development and evolutionary origin of barbels in the channel catfish ... "Barbel development associated to aquatic surface respiration in Triportheus signatus (Characiformes: Triportheidae) from the ... This class of genes are signalling genes that provide migrating cells directional information during morphogenesis. In most ... Barbel development associated to aquatic surface respiration in Triportheus signatus (Characiformes: Triportheidae) from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbel_(anatomy)

The brains of all species are composed primarily of two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells. Glial cells (also ... Among other things, it contains nuclei that control often voluntary but simple acts such as sleep, respiration, swallowing, ... Glial cells are different: as with most types of cells in the body, they are generated throughout the lifespan. There has long ... The essential function of the brain is cell-to-cell communication, and synapses are the points at which communication occurs. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain

Since this applies to mammals in general, Homo sapiens are exceptional in harnessing mechanisms designed for respiration and ... even if its letters are invisible and its words are buried in the cells of our bodies." - Beadle, G.; Beadle, M. (1966). The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_speech

... and/or other processes including cell lysis due to viral infection, cellular exudation and excretion from viable cells, virus ... Iversen, M. H.; Ploug, H. (2010). "Ballast minerals and the sinking carbon flux in the ocean: Carbon-specific respiration rates ... It may act as a recognition factor to regulate the attachment and dispersal of specific cell types in the biofilm; it may ... Some methods can also attempt to capture cells with hair traps and sandpaper in areas commonly transversed by target species. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_DNA

"椎名へきる - ディスコグラフ - Respiration" [Heikru Shiina Discography - Respiration]. Sony Music Japan (in Japanese). Retrieved June 23, ... "Cells at Work! Code Black Anime Reveals More Cast, Opening Song Artist, January 9 Debut in 2nd Video". Anime News Network. ... レスピレイション - 椎名へきる [Respiration - Heikru Shiina]. Oricon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 23, 2015. "椎名へきる - ディスコグラフ - No Make Girl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hekiru_Shiina

... study the amount of oxygen consumed by seeds and the effect of a cold environment on respiration. Refill is available. ... In the Cell Respiration Classic Lab Kits for AP® Biology, ... Cell Respiration-Classic Lab Kits for AP® Biology Cell ... In the Cell Respiration Classic Lab Kits for AP® Biology, study the amount of oxygen consumed by seeds and the effect of a cold ... Simple respirometers create a respiration chamber to study respiration. The amount of oxygen consumed by seeds is measured and ...

https://www.flinnsci.com/products/biology/advanced-placement/cell-respiration-laboratory-kit---classic-ap-biology-lab-5/

Mitral cell activity gating by respiration and inhibition in an olfactory bulb NN (Short et al 2016). Mitral cell activity ... Cell Type(s):. Olfactory bulb main mitral GLU cell; Olfactory bulb main interneuron periglomerular GABA cell; Olfactory bulb ... MEC layer II stellate cell: Synaptic mechanisms of grid cells (Schmidt-Hieber & Hausser 2013). Mitral cell activity gating by ... Mitral cell activity gating by respiration and inhibition in an olfactory bulb NN (Short et al 2016). ...

https://senselab.med.yale.edu/MicroCircuitDB/ShowModel?model=183300&file=%2FShortEtAl2016%2Fgranule.hoc

... April 10, 2022. by Glucotrust Reviews Glucofort is a dietary supplement that claims to treat ... This improves lipid metabolism and glucose uptake in cells. Cayenne Leaf also reduces glucose and fat burning, supports the ...

https://virginrecords.net/cell-respiration-for-dummies/

Sodium perturbs mitochondrial respiration and induces dysfunctional Tregs. Sodium perturbs mitochondrial respiration and ... FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are central for peripheral tolerance, and their deregulation is associated with autoimmunity ... Mechanistically, extracellular HS raises intracellular Na+, perturbing mitochondrial respiration by interfering with the ... Cell Metab Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Artigo ... Cell Metab Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Artigo ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/brasil/resource/pt/mdl-36754020

Cell Respiration. Ozone 3. Zellatmung IV. Mitteilung: Uber den Oxydationsmechanismus der Kartoffeln [Cell respiration IV: On ... Start Over You searched for: Subjects Cell Respiration ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Cell Respiration ... Cell Respiration 2. The exhalation of ozone by flowering plants Author(s): Anders, James M. (James Meschter), 1854-1936, author ... Cell Respiration Archival Collection: The Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Papers (Profiles in Science) 4. Zellatmung V. Mitteilung: Uber ...

https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/?f%5Bdrep2.subjectAggregate%5D%5B%5D=Cell+Respiration&sort=score+desc

... host cell death and tissue damage. Cytochrome c is a regulator of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and is altered during viral ... Cell-alteration; Alveolar-cells; Cellular-respiration; Humans; Nucleotides; Cell-damage; Immune-reaction; Author Keywords: ... Cell-cultures; Cell-function; Cellular-reactions; Proteins; Host-resistance; Cell-metabolism; Cellular-transport-mechanism; ... Lung epithelial cells resist influenza A infection by inducing the expression of cytochrome c oxidase VIc which is modulated by ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20045072.html

Cell Respiration. Genre(s):. Archival Materials. Articles. Abstract:. This work, though rejected by Szent-Gyorgyis supervisor ... Mitteilung: Uber den Oxydationsmechanismus der Kartoffeln [Cell respiration IV: On the oxidation mechanism of potatoes]. ...

https://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101584924X96

Cell Respiration. Genre(s):. Archival Materials. Articles. Abstract:. One of several key articles written during Szent- ... Zellatmung V. Mitteilung: Uber den Oxydationsmechanismus einiger Pflanzen [Cell respiration V: On the oxidation mechanism of ...

http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101584924X97

Through this dual mechanism, SFXN4 inhibition heightens ovarian cancer cell sensitivity to DNA-damaging drugs and DNA repair ... Sensitization is achieved even in drug resistant ovarian cancer cells. Further, knockout of SFXN4 decreases DNA repair and ... and that knockdown of SFXN4 inhibits Fe-S biogenesis in ovarian cancer cells. We demonstrate that this has two important ... Here we demonstrate that SFXN4 plays a role in synthesis of iron sulfur clusters (Fe-S) in ovarian cancer cells and ovarian ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-24391-3?error=cookies_not_supported&code=512ef0dc-817e-451f-be07-a587fe6dc766

High-fat feeding increases fatty acid oxidation rates and uncouples respiration in cardiac mitochondria ... High-fat feeding increases fatty acid oxidation rates and uncouples respiration in cardiac mitochondria ...

https://www.stemcells.ox.ac.uk/publications/106792?7d8b821a-00e2-11ee-9c11-0a3af28e70c2

8. Metabolism, cell respiration and photosynthesis HL. * 9. Plant biology HL. * 10. Genetics and evolution HL ...

https://www.cambridge.org/us/education/subject/science/biology/biology-ib-diploma-2nd-edition/biology-ib-diploma-2nd-edition-digital-coursebook-2-years?isbn=9781107537798&format=EB

Küblbeck J, Niskanen J, Honkakoski P. Küblbeck J, et al. Cells. 2020 Oct 15;9(10):2306. doi: 10.3390/cells9102306. Cells. 2020. ... 3b and 4d respiration after the internal control rates of states 3a and state 4b respiration were established. All respiration ... Tracing of a typical respiration experiment that illustrates the order of additions and the various respiration states. In the ... stimulated state 4 and inhibited state 3 respiration. Stimulation of state 4 respiration was most pronounced for the carboxylic ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23954199

Cell Respiration Format:. Text Extent:. 8 pages Relation:. Zellatmung IV. Mitteilung: Uber den Oxydationsmechanismus der ... Zellatmung V. Mitteilung: Uber den Oxydationsmechanismus einiger Pflanzen [Cell respiration V: On the oxidation mechanism of ... Zellatmung V. Mitteilung: Uber den Oxydationsmechanismus einiger Pflanzen [Cell respiration V: On the oxidation mechanism of ... Zellatmung V. Mitteilung: Uber den Oxydationsmechanismus einiger Pflanzen [Cell respiration V: On the oxidation mechanism of ...

https://spotlight.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/wg/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-101584924X97-doc

Cell respiration. Cell respiration. Lymphatic support. Drainage. Drainage. Cell respiration. Cell respiration. Krebs cycle ... Cell respiration. GI function. Hormonal support. Cell respiration. Cell respiration. Circulation support. Venous support. ... Cell respiration. Regeneration. Intra-Cellular support. Metabolic support. Adaptogen. ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=e4c2dcfa-46ff-4a26-9610-4042a53e02fc&type=display

Extending iTJC1414 to a four-cell diel model we simulate C4 photosynthesis in mature leaves with sucrose as the principal photo ... Extending iTJC1414 to a four-cell diel model we simulate C4 photosynthesis in mature leaves with the principal photo- ... Modelling metabolic CO2 evolution-a fresh perspective on respiration. Plant Cell Environ. 36, 1631-1640. doi: 10.1111/pce.12105 ... The model was extended from a two-cell model (x2) connecting a bundle-sheath cell (BSC) and a mesophyll cell (MC) to a diel ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.787265/full

JOCMA7; NIOSH-Author; Pathology; Equipment-design; Lung-cells; Respiration; Air-sampling; Emission-sources; Exposure-methods; ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=hydrogen+sulfide&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=15&RecNo=145&View=f&

PublishedRespiration in aquatic ecosystems: from single cells to the biosphere. Del Giorgio, P. A., Williams, P. J. & Williams ... PublishedRespiration in Aquatic Ecosystems. Del Giorgio, P. A. (ed.) & Williams, P. J. (ed.), 1 Jan 2005, 2005 ed. Oxford ... PublishedRespiration and its measurement in surface marine waters. Robinson, C., Williams, P. J., Del Giorgio, P. A. (ed.) & ... PublishedRespiration in Aquatic Ecosystems: History and Background. Williams, P. J., Del Giorgio, P. A. & Williams, P. J., 1 ...

https://www.bangor.ac.uk/staff/ocean-sciences/peter-williams-004994/en

Cannabinoids inhibit cellular respiration of human oral cancer cells. Pharmacology 85: 328-335. ... Inhibition of cancer cell invasion by cannabinoids via increased cell expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix ... at high concentrations, THC triggered cell-death in tumors. In short, THC reduced the activity and number of cancer cells. This ... Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits cell cycle progression by downregulation of E2F1 in human glioblastoma multiforme cells. ...

https://www.safeaccessnow.org/patients_history_of_medical_cannabis

Mitteilung: Uber den Oxydationsmechanismus der Kartoffeln [Cell respiration IV: On the oxidation mechanism of potatoes] ... Zellatmung V. Mitteilung: Uber den Oxydationsmechanismus einiger Pflanzen [Cell respiration V: On the oxidation mechanism of ... On the Function of Hexuronic Acid in the Respiration of the Cabbage Leaf ...

https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/wg/catalog?f%5Breadonly_creator_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Szent-Gyorgyi%2C+Albert%2C+1893-1986&f%5Breadonly_genre_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Articles&f%5Breadonly_story-section_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Searching+for+a+Scientific+Home%2C+1919-1930&per_page=100&search_field=all_fields&sort=readonly_title_ssim+asc&view=slideshow

Biophysical forces mediated by respiration maintain lung alveolar epithelial cell fate. Shiraishi K, Shah PP, Morley MP, Loebel ... Among authors: lin sm. Cell. 2023 Mar 30;186(7):1478-1492.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.010. Epub 2023 Mar 3. Cell. 2023. ... Among authors: lin s. Cell Biosci. 2023 May 13;13(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s13578-023-01030-6. Cell Biosci. 2023. PMID: 37179344 ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=search&term=Lin+S%5Bau%5D&dispmax=50

MeSH Terms: Animals; Cell Respiration; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism*; Male; Mice; Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism; ... could provide cardiac mitochondria with a higher capacity to generate reducing equivalents directly available for respiration, ...

https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/portfolio/index.cfm?do=portfolio.publicationDetail&id=3621733

Cyclin B1/Cdk1 coordinates mitochondrial respiration for cell-cycle G2/M progression.. Wang Z, Fan M, Candas D, Zhang TQ, Qin L ... Beta cell-specific deficiency of the stimulatory G protein alpha-subunit Gsalpha leads to reduced beta cell mass and insulin- ... Inactivation of a Gα(s)-PKA tumour suppressor pathway in skin stem cells initiates basal-cell carcinogenesis.. Iglesias- ... Cell Metab (2010 Apr 7) 11:320-30. Abstract/Full Text. The role of GNAS and other imprinted genes in the development of obesity ...

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/staff-directory/biography/weinstein-lee/publications

Cell Respiration / drug effects Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH * Add to Search ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11125891

Promotes cell respiration to boost cell metabolism.. Mary Cohr has always been inspired by SCIENCE and NATURE.. ...

https://www.marycohr.com/en_US/products-for-treatment/face/natural-beauty/phytoxygene-mask

The cell pool that forms the skin, as a result of tissue respiration, continuously produces free radicals. Both external and ... We examined and compared risk factors associated with the development of cutaneous basal-cell (BCC) or squamous-cell (SCC) ... cell and squamous-cell carcinomas of the skin: a randomised controlled trial. ... Among a range of suggested biomarkers of photoaged skin, only p53-positive cells appear to be strongly associated with the ...

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237016903_Sunscreen_and_Prevention_of_Skin_Aging_A_Randomized_Trial

... describes a group of syndromes that share the common pathologic feature of infiltration of involved tissues by Langerhans cells ... Respiration. 2007. 74(6):640-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. *. Brauner MW, Grenier P, Tijani K. Pulmonary Langerhans cell ... 2, 3] Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis is considered a reactive proliferation of dendritic Langerhans cells to chronic ... encoded search term (Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Imaging) and Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Imaging What to Read Next on ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/356033-overview

Cell Respiration Terry Barber 9/8/08. 356741. Teaching Writers Right Raven McAlister 9/8/08. ...

http://trackstar.4teachers.org/trackstar/ts/listTrackGroupMembersPage.do

Sodium perturbs mitochondrial respiration and induces dysfunctional Tregs. (bvsalud.org)
The current investigation was designed to explore structure-activity relationships by which PFAAs interfere with mitochondrial respiration in vitro. (nih.gov)
8. Assaying Mitochondrial Respiration as an Indicator of Cellular Metabolism and Fitness. (nih.gov)
2. Licochalcone A inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1α accumulation by suppressing mitochondrial respiration in hypoxic cancer cells. (nih.gov)
16. Capsaicin inhibits HIF-1α accumulation through suppression of mitochondrial respiration in lung cancer cells. (nih.gov)
First, they measured mitochondrial respiration using two types of fuel: glucose and fat. (nih.gov)
Dr. Hanson and her colleagues did not see significant differences in mitochondrial respiration, the cell's primary energy-producing method, between healthy and ME/CFS cells at rest or after activation. (nih.gov)

This phenomenon is tissue due to diffusion limitation but is due to the change in cell metabolism because microstructure-related and is essential for understanding the diffusion NMR there is not enough oxygen, consistent with Michaelis-Menten kinetics. (nih.gov)
From this my interest broadened to overall heterotrophic metabolism - respiration. (bangor.ac.uk)
This work led on to the question of the balance of metabolism (photosynthesis versus respiration) in the oceans and I played a leading role in the debate over purported ocean heterotrophy. (bangor.ac.uk)
4. Measurement of Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) and Extracellular Acidification Rate (ECAR) in Culture Cells for Assessment of the Energy Metabolism. (nih.gov)
Promotes cell respiration to boost cell metabolism. (marycohr.com)
Similar to cyanide, sodium azide and hydrozoic acid also interfere with cellular respiration and aerobic metabolism, preventing the cells from using oxygen. (cdc.gov)
Oxygen is required for cell metabolism. (vernier.com)
8. Excess glucose induces hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in pancreatic cancer cells and stimulates glucose metabolism and cell migration. (nih.gov)
Using innovative technology, researchers analyzed metabolism in ME/CFS CD4 and CD8 T cells. (nih.gov)
Research by Alexandra Mandarano and collaborators in the laboratory of Maureen Hanson, Ph.D., professor of molecular biology and genetics at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, examined biochemical reactions involved in energy production, or metabolism, in two specific types of immune cells obtained from 45 healthy controls and 53 people with ME/CFS. (nih.gov)
Dr. Hanson's team examined associations between cytokines, chemical messengers that send instructions from one cell to another, and T cell metabolism. (nih.gov)
In addition, the presence of cytokines that cause inflammation unexpectedly correlated with decreased metabolism in T cells. (nih.gov)
Future research studies will examine metabolism in other subsets of immune cells. (nih.gov)

Extending iTJC1414 to a four-cell diel model we simulate C 4 photosynthesis in mature leaves with the principal photo-assimilatory product being replaced by TAG produced at different levels. (frontiersin.org)

Spin-Labeled Uni-Lamellar Vesicles as an Oxygen Sensitive Analyte for port the idea that in addition to acetylcholine, additional neurotransmitters and/ Measurement of Cellular Respiration using Rat Dopaminergic Neuronal or neuromodulators are also released from cholinergic synapses. (nih.gov)
9. Quercetin exerts an inhibitory effect on cellular bioenergetics of the B164A5 murine melanoma cell line. (nih.gov)
12. Assessment of Cellular Bioenergetics in Mouse Hematopoietic Stem and Primitive Progenitor Cells using the Extracellular Flux Analyzer. (nih.gov)
15. Inhibition of autophagy and glycolysis by nitric oxide during hypoxia-reoxygenation impairs cellular bioenergetics and promotes cell death in primary neurons. (nih.gov)
Mitochondria are organelles in all cells that use oxygen to convert the fuel from food into chemical energy that a cell can use, in a process called oxidative phosphorylation, or more generally, cellular respiration. (nih.gov)
Feeds your body cells with cellular Oxygen. (keywen.com)

Influenza virus infection induces several changes in host miRNA profile, host cell death and tissue damage. (cdc.gov)
19. Temperature induces significant changes in both glycolytic reserve and mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity in colorectal cancer cell lines. (nih.gov)

The waste products are carbon dioxide and water which leave the cell and are eliminated from the body of the plant or animal. (educationquizzes.com)
This prevents the cell from 'loading' oxygen or carbon dioxide - essentially preventing respiration. (zmescience.com)

Lung epithelial cells resist influenza A infection by inducing the expression of cytochrome c oxidase VIc which is modulated by miRNA 4276. (cdc.gov)
Definitive diagnosis, if necessary, can be made by identification of Langerhans cell granulomas in lung biopsy samples acquired by video-assisted thoracoscopy. (medscape.com)
Biophysical forces mediated by respiration maintain lung alveolar epithelial cell fate. (nih.gov)

1 . Short SM, Morse TM, McTavish TS, Shepherd GM, Verhagen JV (2016) Respiration Gates Sensory Input Responses in the Mitral Cell Layer of the Olfactory Bulb. (yale.edu)

Cell Metab;35(2): 299-315.e8, 2023 02 07. (bvsalud.org)

Within the first 3 h of infection with influenza virus, significant down-regulation of hsa-miRNA-4276 (miRNA-4276) is followed by a 2-fold increase in cytochrome c oxidase VIC (COX6C) mRNA was found to occur in human alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)

The two forms of respiration - aerobic and anaerobic - are both looked at in GCSE Biology. (educationquizzes.com)
This quiz focusses on aerobic respiration, in which glucose and oxygen react to release energy. (educationquizzes.com)
There are two types of respiration, depending on the levels of oxygen available to a cell - aerobic if there is plenty of oxygen or anaerobic if the oxygen supply is insufficient. (educationquizzes.com)
Aerobic respiration gives a greater yield of energy than anaerobic respiration. (educationquizzes.com)
During aerobic respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen to release energy. (educationquizzes.com)
The energy released by aerobic respiration is used in a number of different ways. (educationquizzes.com)
How much do you know about aerobic respiration? (educationquizzes.com)
What is the waste gas released by aerobic respiration? (educationquizzes.com)
One reactant in aerobic respiration is oxygen. (educationquizzes.com)

It's like the brains behind the cell, and it holds the cell's genetic material, such as DNA. (dummies.com)

Respiration occurs inside the the mitochondria of a cell and is actually carried out through a complex set of chemical reactions controlled by enzymes. (educationquizzes.com)
Animal cells have lysosomes (sacs of enzymes), which aren't found in plant cells. (dummies.com)

To explore interactions between respiration, inhibition, and olfaction, experiments using light to active channel rhodopsin in sensory neurons expressing Olfactory Marker Protein were performed in mice and modeled in silico. (yale.edu)
Through this dual mechanism, SFXN4 inhibition heightens ovarian cancer cell sensitivity to DNA-damaging drugs and DNA repair inhibitors used in ovarian cancer therapy, such as cisplatin and PARP inhibitors. (nature.com)

3. Availability of the key metabolic substrates dictates the respiratory response of cancer cells to the mitochondrial uncoupling. (nih.gov)
The metabolic process of all living cells (animal and plant) in which oxygen is used to provide a source of energy for the cell. (nih.gov)

6. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha promotes nonhypoxia-mediated proliferation in colon cancer cells and xenografts. (nih.gov)

7. Brusatol inhibits HIF-1 signaling pathway and suppresses glucose uptake under hypoxic conditions in HCT116 cells. (nih.gov)
19. HIF-1α activation under glucose deprivation plays a central role in the acquisition of anti-apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. (nih.gov)
They found that the mitochondria in the hearts of high-capacity runners had more efficient respiration, including burning more fats over glucose as fuel, and were more resistant to oxidative stress than mitochondria in low-capacity runners. (nih.gov)
With glucose alone, respiration was essentially the same in both rat strains. (nih.gov)
In contrast, in the presence of fats, either alone or combined with glucose, HCR cells had significantly higher respiration than LCR cells. (nih.gov)

Appropriate levels of oxygen are vital to support cell respiration. (keywen.com)

14. Bioenergetic analysis of ovarian cancer cell lines: profiling of histological subtypes and identification of a mitochondria-defective cell line. (nih.gov)

New findings published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation suggest that specific immune T cells from people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) show disruptions in the way they produce energy. (nih.gov)
Investigators focused on CD4 T cells, which alert other immune cells about invading pathogens, and CD8 T cells, which attack infected cells. (nih.gov)
Our work demonstrates the importance of looking at particular types of immune cells that have different jobs to do, rather than looking at them all mixed together, which can hide problems specific to particular cells," said Dr. Hanson. (nih.gov)
Additional studies focusing on specific cell types will be important to unravel what's gone wrong with immune defenses in ME/CFS. (nih.gov)
The findings revealed different, and often opposite, patterns between healthy and ME/CFS cells, suggesting changes in the immune system. (nih.gov)

img src=\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/483378.image0.jpg\" height=\"450\" alt=\"Basic structures of plant and animal cells. (dummies.com)

[ 2 , 3 ] Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis is considered a reactive proliferation of dendritic Langerhans cells to chronic tobacco-derived plant proteins resulting from incomplete combustion, but it can also occur as a tumor-like systemic disease in children. (medscape.com)
Plant cells have a firm cell wall that supports and protects the cell. (dummies.com)
Plant cells have larger vacuoles (storage areas) than those found in animal cells. (dummies.com)
Unlike animal cells, many plant cells contain chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll, a chemical that helps plants create food with the help of sunlight. (dummies.com)
Most plant and fungus cells don't. (dummies.com)
Basic structures of plant and animal cells. (dummies.com)

In parallel experiments, the researchers evaluated mitochondrial function in heart cells isolated from the rat strains at different ages. (nih.gov)

Are these symbols of the proteins or "worker molecules" made by a cell still functional? (nih.gov)

Here we demonstrate that SFXN4 plays a role in synthesis of iron sulfur clusters (Fe-S) in ovarian cancer cells and ovarian cancer tumor-initiating cells, and that knockdown of SFXN4 inhibits Fe-S biogenesis in ovarian cancer cells. (nature.com)
Sensitization is achieved even in drug resistant ovarian cancer cells. (nature.com)
Through its participation in the Fenton reaction and other pathways, excess iron contributes to the oxidative fragility of cancer cells and heightens cancer cell susceptibility to agents that trigger oxygen radical-mediated cell death 3 . (nature.com)
Sensitivity to oxidative stress has long been considered an Achilles heel of cancer cells and is now being exploited in clinical trials 7 , 8 . (nature.com)
7. Using Seahorse Machine to Measure OCR and ECAR in Cancer Cells. (nih.gov)
Cancer cells grow and multiply uncontrollably. (nih.gov)
This uncontrolled growth of cancer cells results in the formation of malignant tumors. (nih.gov)
Cancer cells grow and divide in an uncontrolled way. (nih.gov)
Cancer cells do not receive or respond to normal signals sent by other cells (like signals to stop growing or to die). (nih.gov)
Do cancer cells have a finite life expectancy, like that of a candle? (nih.gov)
How do cancer cells get their energy? (nih.gov)
Cancer cells often switch to the less efficient process of glycolysis, or burning sugar to generate energy, rather than using oxygen through respiration as the "normal cell" does. (nih.gov)
Hypoxic cancer cells are known to be relatively resistant to radiation killing compared with well oxygenated healthy cells [2,3,7-9]. (who.int)
4. Biphasic Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase 3 in Hypoxic Colon Cancer Cells. (nih.gov)
13. The anti-proliferative effect of L-carnosine correlates with a decreased expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha in human colon cancer cells. (nih.gov)
18. Rhapontigenin inhibited hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha accumulation and angiogenesis in hypoxic PC-3 prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)
20. ERRα augments HIF-1 signalling by directly interacting with HIF-1α in normoxic and hypoxic prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) describes a group of syndromes that share the common pathologic feature of infiltration of involved tissues by Langerhans cells. (medscape.com)
The tumors can invade and spread to other tissues and organs in our bodies, destroying normal cells along the way. (nih.gov)
As cells grow and divide, they arrange themselves in a particular way to form tissues. (nih.gov)
All human cells, tissues, and organs require oxygen to function. (keywen.com)

In the Cell Respiration Classic Lab Kits for AP ® Biology, study the amount of oxygen consumed by seeds and the effect of a cold environment on respiration. (flinnsci.com)

Cancer occurs when cells no longer function normally. (nih.gov)

To summarize cases submitted to the 2021 Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology Workshop under the categories of progression of Hodgkin lymphoma, plasmablastic myeloma, and plasma cell myeloma. (medscape.com)

I have co-edited and published a number of books, the most recent being: Phytoplankton Productivity: Carbon Assimilation in Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems" (2002), "Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems" (2005) and "Marine Ecology - Processes, Systems, and Impacts" (2005). (bangor.ac.uk)

10. Cell bioenergetics in Leghorn male hepatoma cells and immortalized chicken liver cells in response to 4-hydroxy 2-nonenal-induced oxidative stress. (nih.gov)
Similarly, the HCR heart cells were significantly more resistant to oxidative stress than LCR cells, another positive measure of mitochondrial fitness. (nih.gov)

The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance, composed mostly of water, that's inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus. (dummies.com)
This thin membrane holds the cell together, protecting the nucleus and cytoplasm. (dummies.com)
Dr. Hanson's group also looked at mitochondrial size and membrane potential, which can indicate the health of T cell mitochondria. (nih.gov)
CD8 cells from people with ME/CFS showed decreased membrane potential compared to healthy cells during both resting and activated states. (nih.gov)

Radiosensitizers are chemical agents that have the potential to increase the lethal effect of radicals induced during irradiation [1-6].The extent of radiation damage to cells is dependent on the amount of oxygen available to the cell [1,2,7,8]. (who.int)

Mitochondria generate the chemical energy needed to power cells' biological processes. (nih.gov)
Mitochondria are biological powerhouses and create most of the energy that drives cells. (nih.gov)

20. Glycolysis-respiration relationships in a neuroblastoma cell line. (nih.gov)
9. Wortmannin influences hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha expression and glycolysis in esophageal carcinoma cells. (nih.gov)
Compared to healthy cells, CD4 and CD8 cells from people with ME/CFS had decreased levels of glycolysis at rest. (nih.gov)
In addition, ME/CFS CD8 cells had lower levels of glycolysis after activation. (nih.gov)

Metronidazole (Flagyl) is a drug used to treat infections and has been studied in the treatment of cancer [10,11] as a radiosensitizer drug, especially for hypoxic cells [9]. (who.int)
Metronidazole selectively radiosensitizes hypoxic cells without influencing the radiation response of normal well-oxygenated cells [5,7-9]. (who.int)
It is worth mentioning that many of the electron-affinic radiosensitizers of hypoxic cells also have the property of preferential or selective toxicity directed against hypoxic cells even in the absence of radiation [1,2]. (who.int)

In the heart, the presence of mLDH could provide cardiac mitochondria with a higher capacity to generate reducing equivalents directly available for respiration, especially during exercise when circulating lactate levels are high. (nih.gov)

11. Hypoxia regulates the expression and localization of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α by hypoxia inducible factor-1α in bladder transitional carcinoma cells. (nih.gov)

5. Modulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics in a skeletal muscle cell line model of mitochondrial toxicity. (nih.gov)

These cells are abnormal and do not behave or function like normal cells. (nih.gov)
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living things. (nih.gov)
Your blood (plasma) needs to maintain a pH of 7.35 to 7.45 for your cells to function properly. (drbenkim.com)
Cells perform various processes to function at an optimum level. (dummies.com)
CD4 cells from healthy controls and people with ME/CFS showed no significant differences in mitochondrial size nor function. (nih.gov)

Gαs regulates asymmetric cell division of cortical progenitors by controlling Numb mediated Notch signaling suppression. (nih.gov)

Cytoplasm contains many chemicals that carry out the life processes in the cell. (dummies.com)

These cells carry somatic mutations of the BRAF gene and/or NRAS, KRAS , and MAP2K1 genes. (medscape.com)

The in vitro effects of metronidazole on the production of reactive oxygen species by polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells were studied by means of nitroblue tetrazolium and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. (who.int)

The cases of Hodgkin lymphoma included transformed cases to or from various types of B-cell lymphoma with 1 exception, which had T-cell differentiation. (medscape.com)

What symbolizes this energy source in the "cancer cell? (nih.gov)
Respiration is the method that all living cells use to produce energy. (educationquizzes.com)
Whenever you see the word equation for respiration, the energy is usually shown in parentheses because it is not a substance. (educationquizzes.com)
Energy from respiration is not used for which of the following? (educationquizzes.com)
Energy is released from which cell organelle? (educationquizzes.com)
Respiration is all about energy release, whereas breathing involves gaseous exchange. (educationquizzes.com)
Also, as your cells produce energy on a continual basis, a number of different acids are formed and released into your body fluids. (drbenkim.com)
Oxygen is the source of life and energy to all cells. (keywen.com)
Dr. Hanson's team used state-of-the-art methods to look at energy production by the mitochondria within T cells, when the cells were in a resting state and after they had been activated. (nih.gov)

Keeping in mind the information you have been provided throughout the day and what has been covered in these handouts, examine the contents of the "normal cell. (nih.gov)
Examine the contents of the "cancer cell. (nih.gov)

Simple respirometers create a respiration chamber to study respiration. (flinnsci.com)

tion rate was linearly proportional to the number of cells. (nih.gov)
Next, they explored whether HCR's higher respiration rate was associated with mitochondrial health. (nih.gov)

Inactivation of a Gα(s)-PKA tumour suppressor pathway in skin stem cells initiates basal-cell carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)

Normal cells grow and multiply in a controlled way to replace old or dead cells. (nih.gov)
Is this symbol of the DNA molecule different from the DNA found in the "normal cell? (nih.gov)

Using live-cell imaging, they assessed the efficiency of autophagy, a process in which old or damaged organelles, including mitochondria, are cleared from a cell. (nih.gov)

Animal cells don't have such a structure. (dummies.com)
Animal cells contain centrioles (cylindrical structures involved in cell division). (dummies.com)

The cells take on new characteristics that allow them to behave in an undesirable manner. (nih.gov)
Living things are made up of cells that share certain characteristics. (dummies.com)

At all ages, autophagy was significantly higher in HCR heart cells in comparison to LCR, suggesting robust maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial network in HCR heart cells. (nih.gov)

Hemoglobin A chemical found in red blood cells that transports oxygen. (keywen.com)

Anatomy1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs3

Phenomena and Processes5

Role of hypoxia-induced Bax translocation and cytochrome c release in reoxygenation injury. (1/1245)

Beneficial effects of raxofelast (IRFI 016), a new hydrophilic vitamin E-like antioxidant, in carrageenan-induced pleurisy. (2/1245)

Cytosolic Ca2+ movements of endothelial cells exposed to reactive oxygen intermediates: role of hydroxyl radical-mediated redox alteration of cell-membrane Ca2+ channels. (3/1245)

Myogenin induces a shift of enzyme activity from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism in muscles of transgenic mice. (4/1245)

Mitochondrial group II introns, cytochrome c oxidase, and senescence in Podospora anserina. (5/1245)

Oxygen-dependent inhibition of respiration in isolated renal tubules by nitric oxide. (6/1245)

Declines in mitochondrial respiration during cardiac reperfusion: age-dependent inactivation of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. (7/1245)

Respiratory uncoupling induces delta-aminolevulinate synthase expression through a nuclear respiratory factor-1-dependent mechanism in HeLa cells. (8/1245)

Cell Respiration

Oxygen Consumption

Mitochondria

Electron Transport Complex IV

Oxygen

Nitric Oxide

Respiration

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Electron Transport

Role of hypoxia-induced Bax translocation and cytochrome c release in reoxygenation injury. (1/1245)

Beneficial effects of raxofelast (IRFI 016), a new hydrophilic vitamin E-like antioxidant, in carrageenan-induced pleurisy. (2/1245)

Cytosolic Ca2+ movements of endothelial cells exposed to reactive oxygen intermediates: role of hydroxyl radical-mediated redox alteration of cell-membrane Ca2+ channels. (3/1245)

Myogenin induces a shift of enzyme activity from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism in muscles of transgenic mice. (4/1245)

Mitochondrial group II introns, cytochrome c oxidase, and senescence in Podospora anserina. (5/1245)

Oxygen-dependent inhibition of respiration in isolated renal tubules by nitric oxide. (6/1245)

Declines in mitochondrial respiration during cardiac reperfusion: age-dependent inactivation of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. (7/1245)

Respiratory uncoupling induces delta-aminolevulinate synthase expression through a nuclear respiratory factor-1-dependent mechanism in HeLa cells. (8/1245)

Metabolic pathway

Pressure flow hypothesis

Antimycin A

CoRR hypothesis

Ecosystem respiration

Bioluminescence

Lactate shuttle hypothesis

Dioxygen in biological reactions

Paracytophagy

Lymphocyte expansion molecule

Thermoregulation in humans

Cytochrome c oxidase

Chemesthesis

Absorption of water

Strobilurin

Glycolysis

COX4I1

Riboflavin

Dihydrokavain

Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase

Bernhard Kadenbach

COX4I2

Stem cell fat grafting

Nuclear receptor 4A3

DAP3

Mercury methylation

Respiratory complex I

Seed testing

Britton Chance

Biology

Robot research initiative

Metabolism

Manju Ray

Sulfolobus

Senescence

Food and biological process engineering

Mitochondrial DNA

Pre-Bötzinger complex

Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Beatrice M. Sweeney

Scyphozoa

PM20D1

NAD+ kinase

Kryptonia

Pyrobaculum

Blood doping

Chlorophyll fluorescence

Kubitzkia

Wilson-Mikity syndrome

Copepod

Bronchoconstriction

Zymology

Beggiatoa

Door handle bacteria

Barbel (anatomy)

Brain

Origin of speech

Environmental DNA

Hekiru Shiina

Cell Respiration Laboratory Kit for Classic AP* Biology Lab 5

MicrocircuitDB: Mitral cell activity gating by respiration and inhibition in an olfactory bulb NN (Short et al 2016)

Cell Respiration For Dummies