Cell receptor histamine receptor allergic mast cells. Medical search

1. Antagonizing effect on inflammatory mediators: Clinical studies have already demonstrated that ketotifen fumarate can effectively inhibit the histamine-induced bronchospasm with its intensity being comparable to Azelastine, suggesting that ketotifen fumarate has strong histamine antagonistic effect. (chemicalbook.com)
2. The membrane protective effect of mast cells/basophils: the related pharmacological studies of ketotifen fumarate have confirmed that it can inhibit mast cell /basophil cells to release inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes and platelet activating factor, suggesting that it has a strong membrane protective effects on mast cells/basophils membrane. (chemicalbook.com)

3. The inhibition of airway inflammatory cell infiltration: fumarate ketotifen can inhibit the infiltration of the airways of eosinophil and neutrophil. (chemicalbook.com)

For medicine, it has a good efficacy in treating asthma, especially with a significant effect on treating allergic asthma, followed by mixed asthma, and being effective in half of cases for infecting type. (chemicalbook.com)

It is characterized by both a strong antagonism effect on histamine H1 receptor and inhibitory effect of the release of the mediator of allergic reaction. (chemicalbook.com)
Ketotifen fumarate has therapeutic effect on both Ⅰ and Ⅲ type of allergic reaction. (chemicalbook.com)

increase the intracellular cAMP level inside mast cells. (chemicalbook.com)
4. Regulation of T cell activity: ketotifen fumarate can inhibit the biosynthesis of intracellular lgE through regulating the release activity of CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocytes. (chemicalbook.com)

It can inhibit the release various kinds of mediators of mast cells, basophils and macrophages, including the release of slow reacting substances and other active substances. (chemicalbook.com)

Anti-allergic drugs Ketotifen fumarate is a kind of strong anti-allergic drugs containing simultaneously of both tricyclic structure as well as piperidine structure. (chemicalbook.com)

I also found exercise would greatly exacerbate my symptoms, and I remember reading somewhere that it can trigger histamine release. (healingwell.com)
These agents decrease or prevent allergic symptoms caused by histamine receptors from mast cells. (medscape.com)
http://www.afdo.org/afdo/upload/ROP.pdf ?Symptoms of increased histamine release include impurities (characteristically produced by bathing or showering), heartburn, acid eructation, peptic ulcer, small bowel hypermotility, flushing and angioneurotic edema. (google.com)
The body needs histamines - in the brain they keep us alert, attentive and awake - but when there are too many in the body, it is these histamines which are mainly responsible for causing the unpleasant hay fever symptoms. (haymax.biz)
Symptoms are caused by having too much histamine in one's system and can affect almost any part of the body (see comprehensive list below). (celiac.com)
Most of us are familiar with the antihistamine drugs that are used to treat allergic symptoms, such as Claritin, Allergra, and Zrytec. (celiac.com)
Although these medications do not prevent mast cells from releasing histamine, they prevent symptoms by blocking histamine receptors. (celiac.com)
Some patients will experience only one or two symptoms from having too much histamine floating around, and other patients will experience many, many symptoms. (celiac.com)
A 1982 randomized-controlled trial of nearly 400 patients that compared terfenadine vs 1st-generation antihistamine chlorpheniramine vs placebo found the active drugs had comparable effects on allergic symptoms (60% in both groups had moderate to complete relief). (emcrit.org)
These mediators are responsible for the symptoms in allergic conditions such as allergic asthma. (frontiersin.org)
These cells release chemical messengers in the body that cause the symptoms of an allergic reaction. (emedicinehealth.com)
By occupying the histamine receptor sites, they prevent histamine from causing the characteristic allergic symptoms. (emedicinehealth.com)
In this way, the symptoms of an allergic reaction are produced. (dictionary.com)
Those with MCAS have overactive mast cells that release too many chemicals into the body at inappropriate times, resulting in a variety of symptoms that, up until recently, have been difficult for physicians to identify. (drlam.com)
Because of its connection to norepinephrine, the adrenals, and how the body responds to the stress of standing, POTS is strongly associated with Mast cell activation and adrenal disorders in both its action and symptoms. (drlam.com)
Anti-allergy drugs can treat allergic symptoms by interfering at one of several points in this process. (foley.com)
By contrast, drugs known as mast cell stabilizers prevent mast cells from releasing mediators, and thus counteract the effects of histamine and other mediators that cause allergic symptoms. (foley.com)
The compound's primary mechanisms of action are believed to make it an effective treatment against the signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. (bio-medicine.org)
A Michigan State University researcher is providing new insight into how certain types of stress interact with immune cells and can regulate how these cells respond to allergens, ultimately causing physical symptoms and disease. (medicalxpress.com)
Most people know about histamine because of antihistamines , drugs commonly used to manage allergy symptoms. (selfhacked.com)
The symptoms of the allergic reaction may range from mild to severe. (wikipedia.org)
A severe case of an allergic reaction, caused by symptoms affecting the respiratory tract and blood circulation, is called anaphylaxis . (wikipedia.org)
Many of the symptoms associated with mastocytoma are due to chemicals contained within mast cell granules, such as histamine. (oncolink.org)
In the cat, histamine can cause allergic type symptoms, such as low blood pressure and difficulty breathing. (oncolink.org)
Topical antihistamines and mast cell stabilisers, alone or in combination, are safe and effective for reducing symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis. (cochrane.org)
It seems that all reported topical antihistamines and mast cell stabilisers reduce symptoms and signs of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis when compared with placebo in the short term. (cochrane.org)
Seasonal/perennial allergic conjunctivitis is the most common allergic conjunctivitis, usually with acute manifestations when a person is exposed to allergens and with typical signs and symptoms including itching, redness, and tearing. (cochrane.org)
The clinical signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis are mediated by the release of histamine by mast cells. (cochrane.org)
Corticosteroid creams can be rubbed into the affected area to lessen the symptoms of the allergic reaction, but this will not shorten the duration of the rash. (stlouischildrens.org)
A person who has or had MS claims that taking histamine and caffeine improves symptoms of fatigue and prevents progression of the disease. (rutgers.edu)
Mast cells are best known as the culprits that produce the histamine and other molecules responsible for allergic symptoms, ranging from the itch of eczema to the mucous explosions of hay fever to the throat constriction of asthma or food-triggered anaphylaxis. (scienceblog.com)
In the study, Robinson's group used electron microscopy to show that mast cells in injured joints of humans who didn't yet have arthritic symptoms weren't releasing their histamine- and tryptase-laden granules, whereas mast cells residing in the joints of humans with arthritic symptoms were. (scienceblog.com)
Several types of genetically altered lab mice whose mast cells were deficient or absent were highly resistant to the development of osteoarthritic features including joint inflammation, osteophyte development and joint breakdown after undergoing an experimental procedure to induce these symptoms, the researchers found. (scienceblog.com)
Mast cells and basophils release preformed chemical mediators (i.e. histamine, tryptase, carboxypeptidase A, and proteoglycans) as well as newly generated mediators (i.e. leukotrienes, prostaglandins, platelet-activating factor, and various cytokines) that induce various symptoms of anaphylaxis. (renalandurologynews.com)

FcεRI) and can be activated by IgE and specific antigen to release a diverse array of mediators, including histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, serine proteases, and various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors ( 2 - 4 ). (pnas.org)
Cross-linking of cell surface IgE bound to FcεRI by Ag leads to the rapid release of inflammatory mediators, including histamine, proteases, arachidonic acid metabolites, and various cytokines ( 2 ). (jimmunol.org)
These mediators can either be preformed (e.g., histamine, proteases, cytotoxic proteins) and released within seconds to minutes after activation, or de novo synthesized (e.g., arachidonic acid metabolites, chemokines, cytokines) and released minutes to hours to days after activation. (worldallergy.org)
Mast cells rapidly degranulate upon crosslinking of specific IgE by corresponding allergens and release preformed histamine, proteases (chymase, tryptase) and cytokines (TNF-alpha), followed by the rapid synthesis and release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. (worldallergy.org)
Mast cells are tissue cells that exert their biological effects by releasing preformed and de novo synthesised mediators such as histamine, proteases, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and cytokines on cell activation by IgE receptor crosslinking and other less defined cellular signals. (bmj.com)
These cells trigger an inflammatory cascade by secreting numerous preformed pro-inflammatory chemical mediators such as histamine, proteases and cytokines into the blood. (bmj.com)

Mast cells are major producers of histamine, yet effects of histamine on mast cells are currently unclear. (aspetjournals.org)
The diverse biological effects of histamine are mediated through different histamine receptors, which are all G protein-coupled receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
However, not all effects of histamine can be attributed to these three histamine receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
Histamine antagonists (also called antihistamines) inhibit the action of histamine by blocking histamine H1 receptors, antagonising the vasoconstrictor, and to a lesser extent, the vasodilator effects of histamine. (cochrane.org)
Currently, most allergy treatments focus on either stopping the effects of histamine and other mediators or on dampening the body's overall immune response by use of steroids. (eurekalert.org)

When IgE antibodies bind with allergens, they cause the mast cell to release histamine and other chemicals, which spill out onto neighboring cells. (thefreedictionary.com)
Overall, mast cells are the main players in the early phase of the allergic reaction, due to their resident localization at sites where they are most likely to encounter environmental or food allergens (e.g., submucosa of the respiratory or digestive tract). (worldallergy.org)
One chemical substance, histamine, is known to help the body get rid of invading allergens such as pollen, dust mites or the protein of a particular food like a peanut or shellfish. (medicalxpress.com)
In response to allergens - such as pollen, dust mites, or peanuts - mast cells release a chemical substance called histamine, which works to rid the body of these allergens. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Left: mast cells are activated by allergens reacting with IgE bound to IgE receptors on the mast cell surface to trigger the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators that. (eurekalert.org)
A detailed understanding of the immunological mechanisms that underlie the development of allergic disease, as well as the processes that drive immune tolerance to allergens, will be instrumental in designing therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent allergic disease. (jci.org)
In-depth analysis of the cells and tissues of patients treated with such targeted interventions provides a wealth of information on the mechanisms that drive allergies and tolerance to allergens. (jci.org)
Allergens and pathogens that have passed the skin or mucosal epithelium are phagocytosed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (jci.org)

Presently, most pharmacological agents for the treatment of allergic disease target receptors for inflammatory mediators. (aspetjournals.org)
The district court had construed that language in conjunction with the "stabilizing conjunctival mast cells" language, and interpreted the claims as reciting "concentrations of olopatadine that stabilize conjunctival mast cells 'to an extent clinically relevant in the treatment of allergic eye disease. (foley.com)
IRVINE, Calif., May 08, 2007 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- ISTA Pharmaceuticals, Inc., today announced results from the preliminary analysis of its U.S. Phase II/III clinical study of bepotastine for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. (bio-medicine.org)
ISTA plans to complete the Phase II/III study analysis and then discuss the results with the Food and Drug Administration to determine the remaining clinical studies required to confirm ocular safety and efficacy for the submission of an NDA for bepotastine for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. (bio-medicine.org)
In 2006, ISTA licensed from Senju the exclusive North American rights to an eye drop formulation of bepotastine for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. (bio-medicine.org)
While it may be tempting for clinicians involved with the treatment of allergic individuals to only consider the negative roles of these three cell types, it is important to consider that causing allergic diseases is not their physiological function, and that they play important protective roles. (worldallergy.org)
Given the success of exon skipping in clinical trials to treat genetic diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, we propose that exon skipping of FcεRIβ is a potential approach for mast cell-specific treatment of allergic diseases. (eurekalert.org)
The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions, for the treatment of allergic diseases and for the treatment of hyperplasias and malignancies, comprising as an active ingredient the above mentioned chimeric protein and a conventional adjuvant product. (google.com)

Physical factors such as exercise (known as exercise-induced anaphylaxis) or temperature (either hot or cold) may also act as triggers through their direct effects on mast cells. (wikipedia.org)
Although best known for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis , mast cells play an important protective role as well, being intimately involved in wound healing and defense against pathogens . (wikidoc.org)
Through several different intricate experiments these peptides were found to suppress passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and mast cell-dependent airway inflammation and substantially reduce allergic airway inflammation. (bmj.com)

Accordingly, mast cells are known primarily as critical effector cells of asthma and other IgE-associated allergic disorders ( 2 - 4 ). (pnas.org)
Mast cells are effector cells that mediate the allergic response through Ag stimulation of IgE bound to FcεRI. (jimmunol.org)
IgE-mediated food-allergic disease differs from non-IgE-mediated disease because the pathophysiology results from activation of the immune system, causing a T helper 2 response which results in IgE binding to Fc ε receptors on effector cells like mast cells and basophils. (readbyqxmd.com)

Secretagogue-induced histamine release, inflammation and airway contraction are abolished in Mrgprb2-null mutant mice. (nih.gov)
Further research on the complex cross talk between receptors during inflammation is also helping to elucidate the mediators and signalling pathways activated by acupuncture. (hindawi.com)
The histamine then binds to histamine receptors in other cells of the body, which initiate the response known as inflammation as well as other responses. (dictionary.com)
Endogenous factors, including reactive oxygen species, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) recognized by toll-like receptors (TLRs), can also result in airway inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
These have receptors that release histamine and other substances when they perceive a 'threat' (like medication), thus causing inflammation. (shinyshiny.tv)
The in vitro study elucidated inhibitory effects of kaempferol, a flavonoid found in apples and many berries, on inflammation in human airway epithelial BEAS-2B cells. (hindawi.com)
Proinflammatory IL-8 is secreted by macrophages and lung epithelial cell into lung fluid and recruits neutrophils and eosinophils to the sites of inflammation [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases the severity of asthma, which activates Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in the regulation of Th2-driven lung inflammation [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
If this process shifts out of balance, too much histamine triggers inflammation and allergies. (selfhacked.com)
Recent investigations in a murine model have demonstrated that mast cells can have a critical role in the generation of inflammation within the joint. (biomedcentral.com)
In an attempt to fight off the invaders, mast cells release histamine, which when binding to histamine receptors on skin cells, result in inflammation. (stlouischildrens.org)
By eliminating the expression of the IgE receptor on the surface of mast cells, we have identified an innovative and targeted approach with the potential to treat allergic inflammation in millions of patients worldwide. (eurekalert.org)
The data suggest that smoke exposure enhances antigen-induced mast cell activation via TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways in mouse allergic asthma, and that it exacerbates airway inflammation and remodeling. (biomedcentral.com)
Effects of smoke on allergic airway inflammation in mice have reported both exacerbation [ 4 - 8 ] and attenuation [ 9 - 11 ], although these studies could not be directly compared due to differences in the various factors used, such as mouse strain, the routes and manners of allergen sensitization and smoke exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
Mast cells are specialized cells derived from stem cells in the bone marrow and play an important role in helping an animal respond to inflammation and allergies. (animalmedcenter.com)

Mast cell activation results in the immediate release of proinflammatory mediators prestored in cytoplasmic granules, as well as initiation of lipid mediator production and cytokine synthesis by these resident tissue leukocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP, compound 3 in Figure 1 ) is abundant in mast cells, stored in granules and secreted upon activation. (frontiersin.org)
Each mast cell has what is known as secretory granules, which contain mediators. (drlam.com)
Specific granules, which define final cell types, are first produced at the myelocyte stage. (merckvetmanual.com)
Cell types are recognized by characteristic granule staining affinity, eg, basophilic granules for basophils, eosinophilic granules for eosinophils, and neutral or nonstaining granules for neutrophils. (merckvetmanual.com)
Within seconds to minutes of IgE crosslinking, granules in the cytoplasm of the mast cell fuse with each other and with the cell surface membrane, ejecting their contents into the extracellular milieu. (biomedcentral.com)
Mast cells were first described by Paul Ehrlich in his 1878 doctoral thesis on the basis of their unique staining characteristics and large granules. (wikidoc.org)
These granules also led him to the mistaken belief that they existed to nourish the surrounding tissue, and he named them "mastzellen," a german term, meaning "feeding-cells. (wikidoc.org)
When activated, a mast cell rapidly releases its characteristic granules and various hormonal mediators into the interstitium. (wikidoc.org)
But when they become activated, they secrete granules containing histamine, tryptase and other inflammatory substances. (scienceblog.com)
In all, the scientists were able to get the same osteoarthritis-protective results using a number of genetic tricks, as well as three small-molecule compounds that each blocked a separate stage of the cascade via which IgE trips off mast-cell activation and secretion of granules containing collagen-chewing tryptase. (scienceblog.com)

Allergen-induced mast cell activation is central to the pathogenesis of asthma and other allergic diseases. (aspetjournals.org)
1. A method for treating allergic eye diseases in humans comprising stabilizing conjuctival mast cells by topically administering to the eye a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of 11-(3-dimethylaminopropylidene)-6,11-dihydrodibenz(b,e)oxepin-2-acetic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. (foley.com)
Therefore, therapies that reduce eosinophil numbers are usually effective in allergic diseases. (worldallergy.org)
Mast cells become highly activated in response to stressful situations the body may be experiencing," said Adam Moeser, an associate professor and endowed chair who specializes in stress-induced diseases. (medicalxpress.com)
When this happens, CRF1 tells these cells to release chemical substances that can lead to inflammatory and allergic diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, asthma, life-threatening food allergies and autoimmune disorders such as lupus. (medicalxpress.com)
This work is a critical step forward in decoding how stress makes us sick and provides a new target pathway in the mast cell for therapies to improve the quality of life of people suffering from common stress -related diseases. (medicalxpress.com)
This causes immune cells to release chemical substances that can trigger a host of diseases, including asthma , lupus , and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). (medicalnewstoday.com)
Mast cells are present in limited numbers in normal human synovium, but in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory joint diseases this population can expand to constitute 5% or more of all synovial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Biomedical research has long sought to exploit their pleiotropic properties as a basis for cell therapy for a variety of diseases and to facilitate hematopoietic stem cell establishment and stromal reconstruction in bone marrow transplantation. (wjgnet.com)
Early experimental and preclinical studies focused on their stem cell renewal, differentiation, and regenerative properties for potential use in degenerative diseases of mesenchymal origin. (wjgnet.com)
Over half of the US population possesses sensitivity to at least one allergen, and allergic diseases rank 5th in the list of leading chronic diseases. (jyi.org)
Asthma and allergic diseases affect up to 20 percent of people in developed countries, and their prevalence is increasing," says Cruse. (eurekalert.org)
Abstract: Allergic diseases are driven by activation of mast cells and release of mediators in response to IgE-directed antigens. (eurekalert.org)
Development of allergic diseases starts with a sensitization phase ( Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
The alarming increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases over the past decade has led to a clear need for more effective treatment. (google.com)
What we found is that the CRF2 receptor can act as an inhibitor, or a control point, in mast cells, which prevents them from becoming overactivated," said Adam Moeser, lead author and an associate professor specializing in stress-induced diseases. (innovationtoronto.com)

This chemotactic response is mediated by the H 4 receptor, because chemotaxis toward histamine was absent in mast cells derived from H 4 receptor-deficient mice but was detected in H 3 receptor-deficient mast cells. (aspetjournals.org)
In vitro studies using cultured human and mouse mast cells, and studies of mice lacking A 2B receptors, suggest that adenosine receptors, specifically the G s -coupled A 2A and A 2B receptors, might provide such a target. (aspetjournals.org)
In the current study the Dong lab has identified a single cell surface receptor (called MRGPRX2 in humans and Mrgprb2 in mice) is the culprit of these side-effects. (jhu.edu)
Strikingly, mice without this receptor exhibited no allergic symptom as seen in normal mice. (jhu.edu)
The gene encoding stem cell factor (SCF) is found on the Sl locus in mice and on chromosome 12q22-12q24 in humans. (wikidoc.org)
Mice that do not express the receptor for SCF (c-KIT) also die from anemia. (wikidoc.org)
In adult mice, the injection of the ACK2 anti-KIT antibody , which binds to the c-Kit receptor and inactivates it, leads to severe problems in hematopoiesis. (wikidoc.org)
We identified a cell population in adult mouse bone marrow, characterized as Lin - c-Kit + Sca-1 - -Ly6c - FcεRIα - CD27 - β7 + T1/ST2 + , that gives rise only to mast cells in culture and that can reconstitute the mast cell compartment when transferred into c- kit mutant mast cell-deficient mice. (pnas.org)
C57BL/Ka-Thy1.1 (CD45.2) mice (4-8 weeks old) were used for the isolation of MCPs, other myeloid progenitors, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and MPPs. (pnas.org)
The congenic C57BL/Ka-Thy1.1-Ly5.2 (CD45.1) mice (4-8 weeks old) were used for the isolation of CD45.1 + MCPs for transferring into genetically mast cell-deficient C57BL/6- Kit W-sh /Kit W-sh (CD45.2) mice (6-8 weeks old). (pnas.org)
McNeil found a receptor in mice that, like the human receptor, is found only in mast cells. (newswise.com)
During the study, Moeser compared the histamine responses of mice to two types of stress conditions - psychological and allergic - where the immune system becomes overworked. (medicalxpress.com)
One group of mice was considered "normal" with CRF1 receptors on their mast cells and the other group had cells that lacked CRF1. (medicalxpress.com)
While the 'normal' mice exposed to stress exhibited high histamine levels and disease, the mice without CRF1 had low histamine levels, less disease and were protected against both types of stress," Moeser said. (medicalxpress.com)
The CRF1-deficient mice exposed to allergic stress had a 54 percent reduction in disease, while those mice who experienced psychological stress had a 63 percent decrease. (medicalxpress.com)
They then disabled the gene for this receptor in mice and found that it halted the pseudo-allergic response, regardless of the substance tested. (shinyshiny.tv)
This study further explored the blockade of Tyk-STAT signaling by kaempferol in both LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells and OVA-challenged mice. (hindawi.com)
For their study, the researchers looked at two groups of mice: one that had normal CRF1 receptors on their mast cells, and one that was lacking in CRF1 receptors. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In the study, both groups of mice were exposed to psychological stress and allergic stress, wherein the immune system becomes overactive. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The researchers found that the mice with normal CRF1 receptors on their mast cells experienced an increase in histamine levels in response to both stress conditions, and this led to disease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Mice that lacked CRF1 receptors saw a 54 percent decrease in disease in response to allergic stress, and a 63 percent decline in disease in response to psychological stress. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Correspondingly, mice deficient in mast cells have been found to exhibit striking susceptibility to death from certain types of bacterial infection. (biomedcentral.com)
In a study published online May 14 in eLife , the scientists demonstrated for the first time that banishing mast cells - or blocking signals from the most common stimulus activating them in real life, or disabling a cartilage-degrading enzyme they release when activated - all protected mice from developing osteoarthritis induced by an experimental procedure. (scienceblog.com)
Their results in vivo showed a marked reduction in the allergic dermatitis response in the mice. (eurekalert.org)
Moeser was able to duplicate the same result by isolating mice, pig and human mast cells. (innovationtoronto.com)
FcεRI is expressed on mast cells , basophils , and the antigen-presenting dendritic cells in both mice and humans. (wikipedia.org)

Mast cell chemotaxis toward histamine could be blocked by the dual H 3 /H 4 receptor antagonist thioperamide, but not by H 1 or H 2 receptor antagonists. (aspetjournals.org)
Almost a century of extensive pharmacological research using specific histamine receptor agonists and antagonists has identified three histamine receptors (H 1 , H 2 , and H 3 receptor). (aspetjournals.org)
It was shown that specific H 1 and H 2 receptor antagonists and agonists do not bind to the H 4 receptor. (aspetjournals.org)
and this also explains the benefits of using histamine receptor antagonists. (worldallergy.org)

These chemical mediators are found in preformed vesicles, released by a calcium dependent process induced by the cross-linking of two or more IgE receptors. (optimalhealthnetwork.com)

complement-dependent hypersensitivity to foreign cells or to alterations of cell-surface antigens that is mediated by immunoglobulin G (IgG) or IgM. (thefreedictionary.com)
These antigens stimulate the bodies' mast cells, which then break or degranulate, releasing mediators that include histamines. (haymax.biz)
A molecular structure or site on the surface or interior of a cell that binds with substances such as hormones, antigens, drugs, or neurotransmitters. (dictionary.com)
B- Lymphocytes in the body have cell surface receptors for foreign bodies or antigens. (mybiosource.com)
These structures are strategically located to allow the nodule cells to intercept and react with foreign antigens and then travel to regional lymph nodes, where they undergo proliferation and differentiation. (freeonlineresearchpapers.com)

G. Marone and L.M. Lichtenstein , Adenosine-Adenosine Deaminase Modulation of Histamine Release , J. Allergy clin Immunol. (springer.com)
As our appreciation of different T cell subsets and their plasticity increases, the initial simplistic view that restoring Th1/Th2 balance by decreasing Th2 or increasing Th1 responses can ameliorate food allergy is being enhanced by a more complex model involving other T cell subsets, particularly Tregs. (jci.org)
In this Review, we focus on the current understanding of T cell functions in food allergy, tolerance, and immunotherapy. (jci.org)
Histamine is a chemical released by specialized allergy cells called activated mast cells during the allergic response. (emedicinehealth.com)
To compare and test the reliability and consistency of 2 different food allergy testing methods: cell size allergy testing versus IgG ELISA food allergy testing within the same donor. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
This finding highlights the results of more than 20 years of research indicating that mast cells are frequent participants in non-allergic immune responses as well as in allergy. (biomedcentral.com)
The role of mast cells in the development of allergy. (wikidoc.org)
The activation of these cells causes release of histamine and other preformed mediators, and rapid symptom onset, in contrast with non-IgE-mediated food allergy which is more delayed in onset. (readbyqxmd.com)

Close to two decades of research has established that astrocytes in situ and in vivo express numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that can be stimulated by neuronally-released transmitter. (jove.com)

Askenase, P. W., 1976, Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity uncovered in the cell transfer of classical tuberculin hypersensitivity, J. Immunol. (springer.com)
In contrast to an IgE allergic response which is faster and more severe, food hypersensitivity is a delayed type cell-mediated response. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)

First-generation antihistamine that binds to H1 receptors in the CNS and the body. (medscape.com)
An antihistamine works by blocking the action of the histamine, which works well for some people and is one of the most popular methods of treating hay fever. (haymax.biz)
Antihistamine drugs work by preventing the binding of histamine to histamine receptors. (dictionary.com)
The '805 patent acknowledges that olopatadine was known to be an effective antihistamine, and characterizes the invention as relating to the discovery that olopatadine has mast cell stabilizing activity. (foley.com)
Kamei also reported that "although olopatadine is a good antihistamine, it is not an effective mast cell stabilizer. (foley.com)
This typically includes antihistamine-type drugs that work on the two types of histamine receptors, H1 and H2. (oncolink.org)
Cyproheptadine is an H1 antihistamine drug that is most commonly used as an appetite stimulant in cats, but can also be used to treat mast cell tumor. (oncolink.org)

Stem cell factor (also known as SCF , KIT-ligand , KL , or steel factor ) is a cytokine that binds to the c-KIT receptor ( CD117 ). (wikidoc.org)
The allergen binds to the Fab part of the IgE molecules on the mast cell surface. (wikidoc.org)
Allergen-specific IgE binds to FcεRI on mast cells and basophils. (jci.org)
IgE binds to high-affinity receptor (FcεRI) for its constant region, found almost exclusively on the surface of these cells. (google.com)

SCF plays a role in the regulation of HSCs in the stem cell niche in the bone marrow. (wikidoc.org)
In the bone marrow, HSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells are adjacent to stromal cells, such as fibroblasts and osteoblasts (Figure 2). (wikidoc.org)
It causes a significant decrease in the number HSC and other hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow. (wikidoc.org)
High-intensity stimulation of lyn −/− bone marrow-derived mast cells with highly multivalent Ag resulted in enhanced cytokine production as previously reported, and WeeB cells displayed an intermediate phenotype. (jimmunol.org)
Despite its predominance, Lyn-deficient bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) still respond to FcεRI engagement, with hyperresponsiveness observed under some conditions and hyporesponsiveness observed in others ( 6 , 8 - 11 ). (jimmunol.org)
During initiation of an inflammatory lesion, local mononuclear cell release of specific stimulating factors rapidly stimulates bone marrow to release neutrophil reserve and accelerate granulopoiesis. (merckvetmanual.com)
However, current evidence suggests that they are generated by different precursor cells in the bone marrow. (wikidoc.org)
Nevertheless, both mast cells and basophils are thought to originate from bone marrow precursors expressing the CD34 molecule. (wikidoc.org)
The basophil leaves the bone marrow already mature while the mast cell circulates in an immature form, only maturing once in a tissue site. (wikidoc.org)
The mast cell tumor may also be diffusely spread to other sites, such as the liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and skin. (oncolink.org)
For cats with mast cell tumor of the spleen that are stable enough to tolerate surgery, removal of the spleen can result in significant improvement, even in cats that have involvement of the bone marrow. (oncolink.org)
The chimeric protein, produced in E. coli , specifically and efficiently kills mouse mast cell lines expressing the FcεRI receptor, as well as primary mast cells derived from bone marrow. (google.com)

When these cells encounter triggering foods, they degranulate, which may include the release of histamine. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Mast cells can be stimulated to degranulate by direct injury (e.g physical or chemical), cross-linking of IgE receptors, or by activated complement proteins. (wikidoc.org)

Targeting pathways that limit antigen-induced mast cell activation may have greater therapeutic efficacy by inhibiting the synthesis and release of many proinflammatory mediators produced in the mast cell. (aspetjournals.org)
Once the receptor is triggered, it causes mast cells to release histamine and many other proinflammatory reagents. (jhu.edu)
Crosslinking of surface-bound IgE results in the immediate release of granule contents, including histamine, and the more gradual elaboration of other proinflammatory mediators. (biomedcentral.com)

Antigen binding to two adjacent IgE molecules causes perturbation of the cell membrane leading to the release of vasoactive substances. (thefreedictionary.com)
Lyn phosphorylates the ITAMs in the cytoplasmic domains of the β- and γ-chains, which leads to the recruitment of additional Lyn to the β-chain, the tyrosine kinase Syk to the γ-chains, and other signaling and scaffolding molecules to the aggregated receptor complex ( 3 - 5 ). (jimmunol.org)
These are biologically active molecules, that, once a mast cell is triggered, are secreted and cause an allergic or inflammatory response . (drlam.com)
1-4 Moreover, TNF-α induces endothelial adhesion molecules and thus may initiate the recruitment of circulatory inflammatory cells into the tissue. (bmj.com)
This receptor is of such high affinity that binding of IgE molecules is essentially irreversible. (wikidoc.org)
A research team led by Dr. Chris Kepley from Virginia Commonwealth University Health System (VCU) found that soccerball-shaped, 60 carbon-caged nanoparticles known as fullerenes, or buckyballs, suppress the allergic response by inhibiting the release of histamines and other inflammatory molecules. (jyi.org)
Mast Cells and Peripheral Blood Basophils are the storage facilities for inflammatory molecules and defenders of the body's immune system. (jyi.org)
The IgE receptor acts as a key that frees inflammatory molecules. (jyi.org)
If effectively generated, the altered fullerene will be able to specifically target Mast Cells and Peripheral Blood Basophils and provide more knowledge on the effects of IgE and the stem cell factor have on the release of the inflammatory molecules. (jyi.org)
The frequent alternative splicing (as a likely mechanism generating activator receptors), the presence of KIR4DL and KIR2DL1 (D0+D1) molecules and other data reported here suggest that the KIR family in Aotus has had a rapid evolution, independent from its Catarrhini counterparts. (jove.com)
But mast cells also produce a degradative protein, tryptase, that can rip up collagens and other molecules that form the cartilage in joints. (scienceblog.com)
These IgE molecules are fixed to high affinity IgE receptors (FceRI) on the surface of mast cells, basophils and various antigen-presenting cells, e.g., macrophages, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells. (renalandurologynews.com)

The actions of LTB 4 are mediated by two cell surface receptors, BLT1, which is predominantly expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes, and BLT2, which is expressed ubiquitously ( 21 - 23 ). (jimmunol.org)
Equipped with a diversity of surface receptors and effector capabilities, mast cells are sentinels of the immune system, detecting and delivering a first response to invading bacteria and other insults. (biomedcentral.com)
Mast cells express surface receptors for IgG, complement, and specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns. (biomedcentral.com)

Histamine is the ligand for 2 membrane-bound receptors, the H1 and H2 receptors, which are present on many cell types. (medscape.com)
In an allergic response, a foreign substance - an allergen - is bound by IgE, which, in turn, activates mast cells. (emcrit.org)
Mast cells are activated by cross-linking of antigen-specific IgE bound to the high-affinity receptor (FcεRI) on their membranes. (biomedcentral.com)

At this point, my only known triggers for MCAS are high histamine foods and foods that are histamine-releasing, including fermented foods and foods/drinks that have added sulfites. (celiac.com)
Please see my previous post "Celiac Disease and Multiple Food Intolerances" from July 2013 for more details on food triggers and high histamine foods. (celiac.com)
This triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine . (wikipedia.org)
In addition, histamine triggers stomach acid production which can lead to ulcers. (oncolink.org)
What triggers an allergic response? (optimalhealthnetwork.com)

Olopatadine acts as a selective antagonist of the histamine H1 receptor, thus stabilizing mast cells and inhibiting histamine release. (wikipedia.org)

This receptor is exclusively found in a type of immune cells called mast cells. (jhu.edu)
I. Transfer with immune serum or immune cells, Immunology 45: 501-511. (springer.com)
Mast cells are innate immune cells that play a role in defending the body against bacteria, viruses, and parasites, but are best known for their participation in the allergic response. (celiac.com)
The federally funded study, published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology , showed how a stress receptor, known as corticotropin-releasing factor, or CRF1, can send signals to certain immune cells , called mast cells , and control how they defend the body. (medicalxpress.com)
Researchers at Michigan State University in East Lansing have revealed how a protein known as corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtype 1 (CRF1) responds to stress by sending signals to specific immune cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
As these changes gain momentum, they may shift the balance in immune cells and reduce barrier integrity in the gut. (selfhacked.com)
However, the full range of MSC-mediated immune-modulation remains incompletely understood, as emerging reports also reveal that MSCs can adopt an immunogenic phenotype, stimulate immune cells, and yield seemingly contradictory results in experimental animal models of inflammatory disease. (wjgnet.com)
Once an allergen is inhaled it is processed by the immune cells and stimulates a B-cell mediated IgE response. (optimalhealthnetwork.com)

It was originally thought that almost all allergic events were mediated directly only via the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptors. (frontiersin.org)

However, more typical H 3 receptor ligands (such as thioperamide, clobenpropit, imetit, and R -α-methylhistamine) could bind the H 4 receptor with affinities different from that of the H 3 receptor. (aspetjournals.org)
Mast cells have special receptors to which IgE can bind. (haymax.biz)
The H1 antihistamines are not structurally related to histamine and they do not bind the active site of the histamine receptor. (emcrit.org)
A structure or site, found on the surface of a cell or within a cell, that can bind to a hormone, antigen, or other chemical substance and thereby begin a change in the cell. (dictionary.com)
For example, when a mast cell within the body encounters an allergen, specialized receptors on the mast cell bind to the allergen, resulting in the release of histamine by the mast cell. (dictionary.com)

A. Sydbom and T. Karlsson , Relationship Between Serum IgE Level and Anaphylactic Histamine Release from Isolated Rat Mast Cells , Acta physiol. (springer.com)

However, mast cells can be activated by many mechanisms in addition to IgE and specific antigen, and these cells have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders ( 5 ), in the expression of innate immunity to bacterial infection ( 6 , 7 ), and in a wide variety of other biological processes ( 1 - 7 ). (pnas.org)
However, the role of BLT2 in mast cells in asthmatic pathogenesis has not been elucidated. (jimmunol.org)
All three cell are involved in the pathogenesis of allergic disease. (worldallergy.org)
The aim of our studies is to determine miRNA expression in cancer cell lines and in series of clinically well-annotated tumor samples and to examine the role of aberrantly expressed miRNAs for the pathogenesis of cancer. (libpubmedia.co.uk)

We found insufficient evidence to discern which topical antihistamines and mast cell stabilisers are the most effective. (cochrane.org)
Direct comparisons of different antihistamines and mast cell stabilisers need to be interpreted with caution. (cochrane.org)
Overall, topical antihistamines and mast cell stabilisers appear to be safe and well tolerated. (cochrane.org)

The key to disabling the allergic response lies in the separation of IgE from FcRs, which has been difficult since their interaction is extremely stable. (scitechdaily.com)

Furthermore, histamine causes a contraction of the cells of the vascular endothelium and increases the vascular permeability, thereby allowing higher-molecular substances to escape into the tissue? (google.com)
This balance may change dramatically when there is either increased tissue demand associated with the development of an inflammatory process or a stem-cell injury that reduces the marrow production rate. (merckvetmanual.com)
METHODS Mast cells were isolated from surgery tissue specimens of patients undergoing bowel resection because of cancer. (bmj.com)
Kaempferol allayed the airway tissue levels of eotaxin-1 and eotaxin receptor CCR3 enhanced by OVA challenge. (hindawi.com)
Beyond the acute phase of the immune response, mast cells may participate in the response of tissue to injury by means of mediators that promote angiogenesis and fibrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Mast cells are found principally in mucosae and in connective tissue, generally clustered at epithelial surfaces and around nerves and blood vessels [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The tissue site an immature mast cell chooses to settle in probably determines its precise characteristics. (wikidoc.org)
Two types of mast cells are recognized, those from connective tissue and a distinct set of mucosal mast cells. (wikidoc.org)
When evaluating the tissue sample obtained from surgical removal of the mast cell tumor, the diagnosis of mast cell tumor will be confirmed, the mast cell tumor will be staged, and the width of the tissue margins, which are free of tumor will be measured. (animalmedcenter.com)
Staging and the width of the tissue margins which are free of tumor cells together with the location of the mass, the health of the dog, and the grade of the mast cell tumor will determine whether further treatment with radiation therapy or chemotherapy will be recommended. (animalmedcenter.com)

It is adjacent to stromal cells that secrete ligands, such as stem cell factor (SCF). (wikidoc.org)
It is the goblets cells dispersed between the ciliated cells that secrete mucin. (freeonlineresearchpapers.com)

A substance that most people tolerate well, but to which others have an allergic response, is called an allergen. (thefreedictionary.com)
In addition to mediating allergic response, histamine is involved in wakefulness. (emcrit.org)
Src family kinases (SFK) are critical for initiating and regulating the response of mast cells activated by engagement of the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI. (jimmunol.org)
Taken together, our results suggest that the BLT2-Nox1-reactive oxygen species cascade is a previously unsuspected mediatory signaling mechanism to Th2 cytokine production in Ag-stimulated BMMCs, thus contributing to allergic response. (jimmunol.org)
However, neither the source of ROS generated in response to Ag stimulation nor the pathway by which they are generated in Ag-stimulated mast cells is clearly understood. (jimmunol.org)
He then tested that receptor by putting it into lab-grown cells and found that they did react to medications that provoke mast cell response. (newswise.com)
Mast cell releasing histamine during an allergic response, computer illustration. (sciencephoto.com)
Histamine is released from mast cells in response to an allergen, causing a localized inflammatory immune response. (sciencephoto.com)
Previous research has shown that the activity of mast cells - a type of immune cell - heightens in response to psychological stress, and this, too, can cause illness. (medicalnewstoday.com)
However, rodents that lacked CRF1 receptors demonstrated low histamine levels in response to stress, and they experienced less disease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Early results demonstrated their usage as safe, and there was little host response to these cells. (wjgnet.com)
With the newly discovered abilities of buckyball against the allergic response pathway, continued research will be devoted to enhancing their anti-inflammatory effects with the attachment of different functional groups. (jyi.org)
By stopping the activation of the IgE receptor, fullerene stopped the allergic response. (jyi.org)
In addition to its prevention of allergic response, fullerene can also act as a reactive oxygen sponge thus preventing oxidative stress. (jyi.org)
Fullerene's role as an antioxidant is directly linked to it involvement in the inhibition of the allergic response. (jyi.org)
Mast cells and basophils are key players in the IgE-dependent allergic response. (bmj.com)
The immune response begins when white blood cells engulf and destroy the allergen. (stlouischildrens.org)
IgE primes the IgE-mediated allergic response by binding to Fc receptors found on the surface of mast cells and basophils . (wikipedia.org)
Although it is not yet well understood, IgE may play an important role in the immune system's recognition of cancer , in which the stimulation of a strong cytotoxic response against cells displaying only small amounts of early cancer markers would be beneficial. (wikipedia.org)
In essence, an allergic response is an overcompensation of the immune system against relatively harmless airborne substances. (optimalhealthnetwork.com)
This calcium dependent process may be the most important trigger, as well as a major key in preventing the cascading allergic response. (optimalhealthnetwork.com)
The second phase of the response begins at the same time, as the cell begins to synthesize in p i d - d e r i v e d mediators. (optimalhealthnetwork.com)

Autoantibodies against the high-affinity IgE receptor as a cause of histamine release in chronic urticaria. (medscape.com)

Here we report that basic secretagogues activate mouse mast cells in vitro and in vivo through a single receptor, Mrgprb2, the orthologue of the human G-protein-coupled receptor MRGPRX2. (nih.gov)
SCF also increases the survival of various hematopoietic progenitor cells, such as megakaryocyte progenitors, in vitro. (wikidoc.org)
Such Thy-1 lo c-Kit hi "promastocytes" lack expression of FcεRI but can generate FcεRI-expressing functional mast cells in vitro and in vivo ( 12 ). (pnas.org)
Through complex molecular research techniques it was confirmed that HRF together with HRF-reactive IgE triggered mast cell activation in vitro, confirming its pro-inflammatory role. (bmj.com)
Cruse and Metcalfe tested their therapy on mast cells in vitro - where it eliminated activation of mast cells by allergen - and against allergic dermatitis in vivo, using a mouse model. (eurekalert.org)
Here, we describe an innovative approach for targeting mast cells in vitro and in vivo using antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping of the β-subunit of the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRIβ) to eliminate surface high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) expression and function, rendering mast cells unresponsive to IgE-mediated activation. (eurekalert.org)

These HSCs remain in the niche by adhering to ECM proteins and to the stromal cells themselves. (wikidoc.org)

Histamine is synthesized from l -histidine by histidine decarboxylation in specific cell types, such as mast cells, basophils, enterochromaffin-like cells, and neurons. (aspetjournals.org)
Histamine is produced by the enzymatic decarboxylation of histidine. (google.com)
An enzyme called histidine decarboxylase ( HDC ) makes histamine from the amino acid histidine . (selfhacked.com)
Certain microbes, including some gut bacteria , also have the HDC enzyme and can produce histamine from histidine. (selfhacked.com)

IL-4 and IL-13 drive IgE class switch recombination of B cells, leading to allergen-specific IgE production. (jci.org)

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