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Cellular21

• Osteocytes are bone cells that form cellular networks that sense mechanical loads distributed throughout the bone tissue. (elsevier.com)
• The present investigations were focused on understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms induced by raw SWCNT (SWCNT) in human bronchial-epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). (cdc.gov)
• COVID-19 pathology involves dysregulation of diverse molecular, cellular, and physiological processes. (nih.gov)
• There is increasing evidence that, in addition to their presence, the propensity of circulating tumour cells to form multi-cellular clusters bears significant information about both cellular resistance to chemotherapy and overall prognosis. (nature.com)
• In the intrinsic pathway cellular stress, once detected, causes the cell to self-initiate apoptosis. (news-medical.net)
• An introduction to cellular processes with an emphasis on protein structure and function. (sfu.ca)
• Biochemical and molecular aspects of cellular function, interactions and communication including cell cycle, apoptosis, cancer, immune system, neuronal transmission and the signal transduction pathways that integrate them. (sfu.ca)
• Together, our results indicate that TRPC3 is essential for the cellular heterogeneity that introduces distinct physiological properties in an otherwise homogeneous population of Purkinje cells, conjuring functional heterogeneity in cerebellar sensorimotor integration. (biorxiv.org)
• EVs constitute a mechanism for intercellular communication, allowing cells to exchange proteins, lipids and genetic material influencing on cellular functions. (ucd.ie)
• Knowledge of the cellular processes that govern extracellular vesicle biology is essential to shed light on the physiological and pathological functions of these vesicles as well as on clinical applications involving their use and/or analysis. (ucd.ie)
• Mechanotransduction refers to the process by which the body converts mechanical loading into cellular responses. (bmj.com)
• This initiative seeks to take advantage of the rapid advances that have taken place in imaging technology, allowing normal and pathological processes to be studied in vivo at the molecular and cellular level. (nih.gov)
• Molecular imaging can be broadly defined as the in vivo characterization and measurement of biologic processes at the cellular and molecular level. (nih.gov)
• The need for the development of improved methods for molecular and cellular imaging and for cell tracking was identified at several NIH-sponsored workshops and meetings. (nih.gov)
• Research Scope The emerging field of molecular imaging uses novel reagents and methods to image specific cellular and molecular pathways in vivo, particularly those that are key targets in disease processes. (nih.gov)
• Taken together this research emphasizes the strength of mass spectrometry based phosphoproteomics in the elucidation of endogenous signaling pathways via the large scale identification of phosphoproteins and phosphorylation sites and the obtained results contribute to a better understanding of biological pathways and critical cellular processes. (uu.nl)
• Cellular and Physiological Mechanisms of the. (hhmi.org)
• Cellular processes, properties, and characteristics. (bvsalud.org)
• Autophagy is a fundamental process for cells to degrade unwanted proteins/damaged organelles and also to recycle cellular components. (jcmtjournal.com)
• Through the selection of suitable clinically useful alkylating agents (those dependent on active cellular transport for cell penetration) and appropriate MX scheduling, an enhanced therapeutic ratio might be achieved, potentially increasing the clinical usefulness of these alkylating agents. (cdc.gov)
• Thanks to Ohsumi and others following in his footsteps, we now know that autophagy controls important physiological functions where cellular components need to be degraded and recycled. (healthylifewithandrea.com)

Proteins29

• These proteins play crucial roles in cell structure, 13,14 function, 15-17 signalling, 18,19 and gene expression. (rsc.org)
• Exosomes often function as "communication vehicles," transferring bioactive proteins and genetic material between cells. (lonza.com)
• Cell death is induced by both pathways through the activation of caspases, which are enzymes that degrade proteins. (news-medical.net)
• The cell is then killed by the indiscriminate degradation of proteins. (news-medical.net)
• The end process of apoptosis is the packaging of cell organelles and proteins into membrane-bound blebs (or chunks), which are then consumed and removed by phagocytes. (news-medical.net)
• In total 19,394 human proteins were assessed and 14,906 (multiple mapping possible) were assigned to cell physiological processes using the PANTHER software. (thieme-connect.com)
• We have also identified novel candidate PIM1-interacting proteins in prostate epithelial cells. (northwestern.edu)
• Among the proteins identified are a MYC transcriptional cofactor and a prostate stem cell marker/regulator. (northwestern.edu)
• The structure, function and synthesis of proteins, RNA and DNA and their interrelated biological functions within the cell. (sfu.ca)
• THE Bcl-2 family of proteins regulate programmed cell death by an unknown mechanism. (embl-heidelberg.de)
• Deletion of the BH1, BH2, or BH4 domains of Bcl-2 abolishes its ability to suppress cell death in mammalian cells and prevents homodimerization of these mutant proteins, though these mutants can still bind to the wild-type Bcl-2 protein. (embl-heidelberg.de)
• These mutants also fail to bind to BAG-1 and Raf-1, two proteins that we have shown can associate with protein complexes containing Bcl-2 and which cooperate with Bcl-2 to suppress cell death. (embl-heidelberg.de)
• Further studies however are required to delineate the full significance of Bcl-2/Bcl-2, Bcl-2/Bax, and Bax/Bax dimers and the biochemical mechanisms by which Bcl-2 family proteins ultimately control cell life and death. (embl-heidelberg.de)
• The communication at each stage occurs via cell signalling-an information network of messenger proteins, ion channels and lipids. (bmj.com)
• One of the most commonly studied proteins that regulate cell rolling is P-selectin. (scitizen.com)
• As mitochondria are central to both oxidative damage and redox signalling within the cell, these modifications of mitochondrial proteins are of particular importance. (portlandpress.com)
• T cell signaling starts with assembling several tyrosine kinases and adapter proteins to the T cell receptor (TCR), following the antigen binding to the TCR. (jbc.org)
• Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signals through its cognate receptor, TGFβR, to SMAD family member proteins and contributes to the generation of a transcriptional program that promotes regulatory T-cell differentiation. (jbc.org)
• These distinct and separable processes can be reconstituted in a synthetic neuron by using natural and engineered proteins, and a synthetic neuron platform can be used to understand the rules governing the emergence of the present morphology of a neuron and the architecture of the neuronal system. (purdue.edu)
• Aside from its anticoagulant action, heparin binds to various growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular proteins and consequently is able to affect migration of cancer cells and angiogenesis in tumors. (hindawi.com)
• In the fusion process, proteins on the vesicles and target membranes bind to each other like the two sides of a zipper. (blogspot.com)
• Calcium ions were known to be involved in this process and in the 1990s, Südhof searched for calcium sensitive proteins in nerve cells. (blogspot.com)
• The microbial proteins targeted by the antibiotic are essential components of biochemical reactions in the microbes, and interference with these physiological pathways kills the microorganisms. (mhmedical.com)
• The biochemical processes commonly inhibited include cell wall synthesis in bacteria and fungi, cell membrane synthesis, synthesis of 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits, nucleic acid metabolism, function of topoisomerases, viral proteases, viral integrases, viral envelope entry/fusion proteins, folate synthesis in parasites, and parasitic chemical detoxification processes. (mhmedical.com)
• Cells also use autophagy to eliminate damaged proteins and organelles, a quality control mechanism that is critical for counteracting the negative consequences of aging. (healthylifewithandrea.com)
• In cells, PROTAC molecules can recognize and selectively bind target proteins, recruit specific E3 ubiquitin ligases, and form a "target protein-PROTAC-E3 ubiquitin ligase" ternary complex. (cd-bioparticles.net)
• Since the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an important pathway for protein degradation in human cells, it is involved in the degradation of more than 80% of proteins in cells. (cd-bioparticles.net)
• By relying on the physiological process of ubiquitination-degradation proteins existing in the human body, PROTAC molecules can efficiently and specifically catalyze the degradation of pathogenic proteins, so as to achieve the purpose of treating diseases. (cd-bioparticles.net)
• Therefore, in the process of exerting the degradation effect, a small amount of PROTAC molecules can achieve the purpose of inducing degradation of a large number of target proteins. (cd-bioparticles.net)

Apoptosis33

• Exposure of BEAS-2B cells to SWCNT induced apoptosis, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. (cdc.gov)
• [13] There has been some evidence to suggest that free radicals and some reactive nitrogen species trigger and increase cell death mechanisms within the body such as apoptosis and in extreme cases necrosis . (wikipedia.org)
• Due to oxygen deprivation, endothelial cell apoptosis is induced following hypovolemic shock. (medscape.com)
• One such process that occurs over the natural lifespan of an organism is apoptosis, a crucial process that has been studied intensely over recent years. (news-medical.net)
• Whereas in necrosis cells die due to injury or disease, apoptosis is a natural part of the regulation and development of the body's biological processes. (news-medical.net)
• Apoptosis produces apoptotic bodies, which are cell fragments that are then engulfed by phagocytic cells. (news-medical.net)
• There are two pathways that can initiate apoptosis in a cell: the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. (news-medical.net)
• In the extrinsic pathway, apoptosis is initiated by external signals from other cells. (news-medical.net)
• Apoptosis plays a significant role in an organism's physiological development. (news-medical.net)
• A tadpole losing its tail is another example of a process that is mediated by apoptosis. (news-medical.net)
• The average adult human loses somewhere between 50 to 70 billion cells per day through the process of apoptosis. (news-medical.net)
• Age-related increases in apoptotic lymphocytes lead to the increased death rate of cells in the bone marrow and the thymus, and this increased rate of apoptosis is one of the significant factors in aging itself. (news-medical.net)
• For example, if a cell is not removed by apoptosis, and therefore lives longer than it should have, it can develop defective characteristics that can lead to it becoming diseased or cancerous. (news-medical.net)
• In the H460 cell line, XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) is overexpressed. (news-medical.net)
• Western blot analysis of Jurkat Apoptosis Cell Extracts #2043 using Caspase-7 Antibody, #9492. (cellsignal.com)
• Western blot analysis of Jurkat Apoptosis Cell Extracts #2043 using PARP Antibody #9542 (left), and Cleaved PARP (Asp214) (D64E10) XP ® Rabbit mAb #5625 (right). (cellsignal.com)
• Western blot analysis of Jurkat Apoptosis Cell Extracts #2043 using Caspase-3 (8G10) Rabbit mAb, #9665. (cellsignal.com)
• Load 10 µl of untreated and etoposide treated Jurkat Apoptosis Control Cell Extracts (etoposide) per lane. (cellsignal.com)
• Apoptosis Cell Extracts (Jurkat Untreated): Total cell extracts from Jurkat cells serve as a negative control. (cellsignal.com)
• Apoptosis Cell Extracts (Jurkat + Etoposide): Total cell extracts from Jurkat cells treated with 25 μM etoposide for 5 hours serve as a positive control for activated apoptotic cascades. (cellsignal.com)
• Apoptosis is a regulated physiological process leading to cell death. (cellsignal.com)
• Cardamonin significantly suppressed the growth of chemotherapy‑resistant colon cancer cells, induced apoptosis and promoted caspase‑3/9 activity and Bax protein expression in 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU)‑resistant HCT‑116 cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
• The activation of NF-κB regulates cell apoptosis and inflammation ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
• However, suppression of NF-κB activity is able to increase the occurrence of spontaneous apoptosis in cancer cells or increase apoptosis induced by cytotoxic drugs ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
• On the basis of these data, it has been speculated that cell adhesion may regulate apoptosis genes and changes the sensitivity of cancer cells to drugs by activating NF-κB, to induce multi-cell drug resistance ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
• The Bcl-2 protein blocks a distal step in an evolutionarily conserved pathway for programmed cell death and apoptosis. (embl-heidelberg.de)
• The Ras pathway might directly or indirectly regulate germline PCD as shown, unlike somatic apoptosis, cell death in the germline is not developmentally programmed by cell lineage. (wormbase.org)
• Germline apoptosis can be divided into two categories, physiological or stress-induced. (wormbase.org)
• Physiological germline apoptosis reduces the number of cells that complete oogenesis, and its induction is independent of the BH3-only apoptosis effecter EGL-1, differing from other apoptotic pathways. (wormbase.org)
• In addition, exposure to certain environmental insults or pathogens induces germ cell apoptosis. (wormbase.org)
• The number and quality of oocytes retrieved were evaluated and apoptosis of granolusa cells was studied. (who.int)
• These data suggest that administration of silymarin in IVF patients concomitantly with gonadotropin results in reduction of granolusa cell apoptosis but does not have any effect in promotion of follicular development, oocyte retrieval or endometrial thickness. (who.int)
• For example, it is now known that mitosis, apoptosis, and autophagy are inter-connected and inter-regulated in cells. (jcmtjournal.com)

Pathological processes4

• They play a significant role in many physiological and pathological processes. (lonza.com)
• EVs are present in biological fluids and are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. (ucd.ie)
• The importance of tracking cells throughout the circulatory system, including those of hematopoietic origin, derives from the impact of mobile cells on tissue injury and repair, and the remote targeting of pathological processes such as inflammatory involvement of the heart, lung and blood vessels. (nih.gov)
• Biorheological analyses of pathological processes and their clinical implications are encouraged, including basic clinical research on hemodynamics and hemorheology. (semcs.net)

Multiple physiological3

• The enteroendocrine system is the primary sensor of ingested nutrients and is responsible for secreting an array of gut hormones, which modulate multiple physiological responses including gastrointestinal motility and secretion, glucose homeostasis, and appetite. (jci.org)
• Gut hormones modulate multiple physiological processes including gastrointestinal secretion and motility, insulin release, and satiety. (jci.org)
• Endocrine hormones are kinds of molecules that are synthesized by specialized endocrine organs and can participate in the regulation of multiple physiological activities, and their protective effects on several disorders have been widely discussed. (frontiersin.org)

Physiology8

• Cell migration plays an important role in physiology and pathophysiology. (purdue.edu)
• Innovative experimental techniques using stem cell and sebocyte models have clarified the roles of distinct stem cells in sebaceous gland physiology and sebocyte function control mechanisms. (nih.gov)
• While the adipocyte has been studied for many years and remarkable insights have been gained about some processes, many areas of the physiology of the fat cell remain unexplored. (diabetesjournals.org)
• The learning trajectory Physiology and Adaptation aims to develop the student's skills and knowledge of plant and animal physiological processes and to relate these to the functioning of the entire organism. (ru.nl)
• The general phase courses Plant Physiology and Animal Physiology will emphasize integrative themes and basic concepts that are central to the biology of both life forms (e.g. communication within and between different organisms, signals between cells and organs, symbiosis, cooperation and plant-animal interactions). (ru.nl)
• The Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology offers a selection of courses at the Indianapolis campus that are open to all Indiana University graduate students. (iu.edu)
• Apart from maintaining normal cell physiology, EVs deliver messages that can drive or influence the progression of a disease. (coursera.org)
• In the skin, different PLA 2 s have been found to be involved in processes relating to skin physiology and pathology, and this subject was extensively addressed in our previous review. (medscape.com)

Phenomena5

• Of special note are developments for 2009 MeSH related to fungi, to processes and phenomena, and to disciplines and occupations. (bvsalud.org)
• Category G (Biological Sciences) was renamed Phenomena and Processes. (bvsalud.org)
• To address this situation, 'Phenomena and Processes' and 'Disciplines and Occupations' were separated into different tree categories. (bvsalud.org)
• Further division follows under processes or other observable properties, qualities, and measurable phenomena. (bvsalud.org)
• This approach provides a reproducible, logical framework for expanding the MeSH vocabulary in the category of Phenomena and Processes. (bvsalud.org)

Pathophysiological4

• Endothelium plays a critical role in vascular physiological, pathophysiological, and reparative processes. (medscape.com)
• This review presents several aspects of the innovative concept of sebaceous immunobiology, which summarizes the numerous activities of the sebaceous gland including its classical physiological and pathophysiological tasks, namely sebum production and the development of seborrhea and acne. (nih.gov)
• As the master regulator of systemic lipid storage and through secretion of a number of these adipokines, adipose tissue has an influence on many processes, including energy metabolism, inflammation, and pathophysiological changes such as cancer and infectious disease ( 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
• Platelets (PLT), continuously produced from megakaryocytes mainly in the bone marrow, are implicated not only in thrombosis and haemostasis, but also in other pathophysiological and physiological processes [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Mechanisms11

• 3 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] However, the mechanisms that convey the pleiotropic activities of polyphosphates in living cells remain understudied. (thieme-connect.com)
• Our laboratory focuses on understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive prostate cancer initiation, progression and recurrence with the ultimate goal of developing therapeutic strategies that target these processes. (northwestern.edu)
• The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of cardamonin on chemotherapy‑resistant colon cancer cells and the possible mechanisms of action. (spandidos-publications.com)
• Toward an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of physiological cell death. (embl-heidelberg.de)
• In the present study, we review the mechanisms and physiological significance of these processes. (portlandpress.com)
• I am interested in the genetic mechanisms that control fate decisions in stem cells. (csun.edu)
• Cancer cells have evolved to evade these immunoregulatory mechanisms by upregulating PD-1 ligands and preventing T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. (jbc.org)
• To improve anti-cancer therapy, it is critical to reveal the mechanisms by which PD-1 regulates T cell responses. (jbc.org)
• Two of the possible underlying mechanisms for poor speech recognition in older individuals include reduced speed of signal processing within the auditory pathways of older individuals and/or reduced cognition. (hearingreview.com)
• Furthermore, we will analyze the mechanisms by which cells respond to oxidative stress and prevent cell damage and cell death. (parisdescartes.fr)
• To understand mechanisms of redox control and their role in oxidative stress pathologies and aging, it is necessary to identify and dissect the function of the key players of redox processes. (parisdescartes.fr)

Responses5

• Apyrase, a nucleotidedegrading enzyme, suppressed and abolished force-induced effector responses, indicating a contribution from ATP released by the stimulated cell. (elsevier.com)
• Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a critical inhibitory receptor that limits excessive T cell responses. (jbc.org)
• It may be seen that the malaria parasites first damage the infected red blood cells directly and then initiate a chain reaction of nonspecific inflammatory processes and later on immunological responses aggravating further the inflammatory reactions. (who.int)
• Together, our results show that microarray analysis is a valuable approach to identify the genes responsible for generating coordinated responses in physiologically activated cells. (ru.nl)
• While the fundamental process occurs within the metabolic machinery of the cell, acute physiologic responses are essential in allowing the cells time to adjust. (medscape.com)

Molecular14

• The results of this study show that the molecular mechanism for raw SWCNT-mediated toxicity in BEAS-2B cells is through the activation of caspase-3, caspase-7, and PARP-1. (cdc.gov)
• Processing of procorticotropin-releasing hormone (pro-CRH): molecular forms of CRH in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy. (semanticscholar.org)
• Transiently transfected HeLa cells represent a useful tool in studying the interactions and kinetics of organic cations and other xenobiotics with hOCT1 and in understanding the molecular events involved in organic cation transport. (aspetjournals.org)
• We have a strong interest in genomics and gene regulation, oncogenic kinases as potential molecular therapeutic targets and the use of in vivo lineage tracing to define the fates of specific cell populations in tumorigenesis. (northwestern.edu)
• A study of the molecular processes which underlie cell structure and function, integrating ultrastructural, physiological and biochemical approaches. (sfu.ca)
• Students from all faculties (including science) will work together in a team-based approach to understand the fundamentals of cell biology and molecular biology in the context of science fiction literature. (sfu.ca)
• However, the molecular and cell physiological underpinnings are unclear. (biorxiv.org)
• Many of our alumni continue their training in Ph.D. programs that focus on stem cells, genome sciences, systems biology , molecular genetics and cancer therapy. (csun.edu)
• My work primarily involves the use of the nematode model Pristionchus pacificus , which has been used to study the evolution of developmental processes in a comparative context using genetics and molecular biology. (csun.edu)
• Molecular imaging is a growing research area aimed at developing and testing novel tools, reagents, and methods to image specific molecular pathways in vivo, particularly those that are key targets in disease processes. (nih.gov)
• After documenting the sequence of physiological and behavioral events that characterize the axon degeneration, Chen then sought to piece together the molecular pathway behind it, starting with MOCA and connecting findings from disparate studies that previously had identified parts of the pathway. (salk.edu)
• This biorheological approach applies in particular to molecular studies where changes of physical properties and conformation are investigated without reference to how the process actually takes place, how the forces generated are matched to the properties of the structures and environment concerned, proper time scales, or what structures or strength of structures are required. (semcs.net)
• The three Nobel Laureates have discovered the molecular principles that govern how this cargo is delivered to the right place at the right time in the cell. (blogspot.com)
• In Module 4, the role of EVs in diseases of the cardiovascular, haematopoietic, nervous, respiratory and urinary systems, and infectious diseases will be presented.This course is recommended for intermediate learners or anyone who is interested in the field of extracellular vesicles and their role in a particular disease including scientists, clinicians, or cell and molecular biologists who look to broaden their understanding of the field. (coursera.org)

Pathways3

• A previous study revealed that cardamonin serves an important role in cell proliferation by regulating various signal transduction pathways ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
• The ability to durably attach any ligand - be it a pharmacological agent or a tag for use in bio-imaging - to a suitably modified receptor affords new opportunities for the manipulation and characterization of complex signaling pathways in cells," adds joint first author Johannes Broichhagen. (lmu.de)
• This article is Part 2 of a three-part series on the aging auditory system, and it reviews the evidence for slower processing within the higher (ie, above the brainstem) auditory pathways, whereas Part 1 examined evidence of slower processing from studies that used objective measures unaffected by such things as attention or memory. (hearingreview.com)

Important physiological1

• Cell rolling is an important physiological and pathological process that is used to recruit specific cells in the bloodstream to a target tissue. (scitizen.com)

Induce6

• LIN-3/EGF acts as a signal from the single anchor cell to induce neighboring undifferentiated epithelial cells to adopt the vulval fate during larval development. (wormbase.org)
• By coating surfaces with this protein, biofunctional surfaces that induce cell rolling can be prepared. (scitizen.com)
• The molecules on the endothelial cells which induce cell rolling are called selectins and have been the subject of intensive study for decades. (scitizen.com)
• In these situations, an assay measuring a real biological process may still show a phenotype of interest under some conditions that can be observed and measured even if positive controls that induce high levels of cells with the phenotype do not exist. (nih.gov)
• Human rotavirus and norovirus infections of the enteroid cultures are being used to identify upstream signals that induce stem cell proliferation to regenerate the viral damaged epithelium and the downstream effects these signals have on epithelial differentiation and function. (bcm.edu)
• In general, lysophospholipids induce activation and extravasation of leukocytes, activate histamine secretion by mast cells, are precursors of the potent inflammatory mediator PAF, induce tissue damage, act as a growth factor and induce proliferation of smooth muscle and cancer cells, and tumor metastases. (medscape.com)

Receptor10

• Our experiments demonstrate both direct gap junction coupling and extracellular purinergic P2 receptor signaling between MLO-Y4 cells in a connected bone cell network. (elsevier.com)
• Here we investigate the input and GABA A receptor subunit specificity of inhibitory synaptic plasticity by studying cerebellar interneuron-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses. (nature.com)
• Our results reveal a novel GABA A receptor subunit- and input-specific form of inhibitory synaptic plasticity that regulates the temporal firing pattern of the principal output cells of the cerebellum. (nature.com)
• Here we determined the contribution of transient receptor potential cation channel type C3 (TRPC3) to signal processing in different cerebellar modules. (biorxiv.org)
• However, the researchers found - to their surprise - that binding of the synthetic ligand inhibits this recycling process, trapping the receptor in the vesicle. (lmu.de)
• Although T-cell receptor β (TCRβ)+CD138+ T cells typically expand in MRL/Lpr mice as the disease progresses, surprisingly, TCRβ+CD138− cells were the primary source of circulating CD138, as the transfer of TCRβ+CD138− cells, but not TCRβ+CD138+ cells, to young MRL/Lpr mice resulted in higher serum CD138 in the recipients. (jbc.org)
• This capacity depends on the integration of extracellular signaling through multiple receptors, including the T-cell receptor (TCR), co-receptors, and cytokine receptors. (jbc.org)
• Sex steroids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands, neuropeptides, endocannabinoids and a selective apoptotic process contribute to a complex regulation of sebocyte-induced immunological reaction in numerous acquired and congenital skin diseases, including hair diseases and atopic dermatitis. (nih.gov)
• Cannabinoid 2 (CB2) Receptor - CB2 receptors are mainly found on immune cells but are also present in the central nervous system. (cbdmaxonline.com)
• Endocannabinoid Receptor - These receptors reside on the surface of a variety of types of cells throughout the body, to trigger a physiological response. (cbdmaxonline.com)

Proliferation6

• GLP-1 directs cell fate decisions during germline proliferation. (wormbase.org)
• Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent proteinases that participate in extracellular matrix degradation 1-3 and favor the invasion and proliferation of tumor cells 4 . (bvsalud.org)
• Wound healing is an extremely complex process consists of hemostasis, inflammation, cell proliferation and scar tissue remodeling phases. (fabad.org.tr)
• In Module 3, we focus on the role of EVs in cancer: how EVs can mediate communication between the tumour and its microenvironment, the functional role of immune cell-derived EVs in development of cancer, as well as the role of EVs in cancer cell proliferation, survival, metastasis and drug resistance. (coursera.org)
• In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
• H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)

Biochemical1

• This review summarizes the recentliterature on subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and discussesthe effects of LT4 replacement therapy on restoring biochemical euthyroidism and atherosclerosis processes. (ac.rs)

Vitro9

• The results demonstrate that the HSV1 recombinant vector expressing the fulllength CRH precursor molecule constitutes an excellent delivery system for both cell lines and postmitotic neurons in vitro, which has enabled the study of targeting, endoproteolytic processing and biological activity of this neuropeptide precursor. (semanticscholar.org)
• The results demonstrate that the HSV1 recombinant vector expressing the full-length CRH precursor molecule constitutes an excellent delivery system for both cell lines and postmitotic neurons in vitro, which has enabled the study of targeting, endoproteolytic processing and biological activity of this neuropeptide precursor. (semanticscholar.org)
• The findings of the present study demonstrate that cardamonin suppresses chemotherapy‑colon cancer cell via the NF‑κB pathway in vitro. (spandidos-publications.com)
• RÉSUMÉ Pour étudier les effets de la silymarine sur le développement folliculaire, nous avons recruté 40 femmes en bonne santé subissant une fécondation in vitro (FIV) en raison d'une infertilité masculine. (who.int)
• Solutions will be evaluated for establishment of a human PSC-derived in vitro retina model system that resembles the morphology of a healthy-native retina and is viable through formation of photoreceptor outer segments and/or long-term survival of retinal ganglion cells with extension of axonal processes. (nih.gov)
• all providing an environment that maintains the structural and physiological integrity of cells in vitro. (chemanager-online.com)
• In vitro, human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells were treated with N-desulfated heparin in different concentration (0.1 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, N-desulfated heparin group), and treated with medium (control group). (hindawi.com)
• Recently, new technology using human intestinal stem cells (SC) isolated from intestinal biopsies has been developed and now 2D and 3D models of the intestinal epithelium can be established in vitro. (bcm.edu)
• Furthermore, we demonstrate the involvement of another IEG in the adaptation process, Nur77, and conclude from in vitro experiments that the expression of both c-Fos and Nur77 are partially regulated by the adenylyl cyclase system and calcium ions. (ru.nl)

Genes5

• Remarkably, diverse important signal molecules involved in tumor angiogenesis and progression, and cancer cell metabolism have been identified as direct PPAR beta/delta target genes. (hindawi.com)
• Additionally, differential gene expression was analyzed by cDNA microarray to identify candidate genes involved in β-cell regeneration. (uwo.ca)
• In conclusion, these studies have developed a mouse model of nutrition-induced fetal programming of metabolism, have shown that prior LP exposure compromised future β-cell plasticity, and have identified key genes relevant to β-cell regeneration whose expression is altered in LP-treated animals. (uwo.ca)
• We have a fair understanding of genes that keep stem cells in their undifferentiated state, as well as those that underlie differentiation. (csun.edu)
• Schekman identified three classes of genes that control different facets of the cell´s transport system, thereby providing new insights into the tightly regulated machinery that mediates vesicle transport in the cell. (blogspot.com)

Membrane7

• These regions of periodic attachment between the osteocyte cell membrane and its canalicular wall are sites where pN-level fluid-flow induced forces are generated in vivo. (elsevier.com)
• Besides the interaction between proangiogenic factors and antiangiogenic factors, angiogenesis is also a multiple step biological process during which a variety of molecules cooperate including cell adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), extracellular matrix (ECM), and basement membrane components. (hindawi.com)
• Not surprisingly, functional defects in these membrane-bound receptors often lead to chronic physiological disorders. (lmu.de)
• Normally, activated GPCRs are promptly removed from the cell membrane and transported to intracellular vesicles. (lmu.de)
• Miniature bubble-like vesicles, surrounded by membranes, shuttle the cargo between organelles or fuse with the outer membrane of the cell and release their cargo to the outside. (blogspot.com)
• The same principle operates inside the cell and when a vesicle binds to the cell´s outer membrane to release its contents. (blogspot.com)
• The signalling molecules, neurotransmitters, are released from vesicles that fuse with the outer membrane of nerve cells by using the machinery discovered by Rothman and Schekman. (blogspot.com)

Differentiation5

• These changes may thus represent a ubiquitous recovery process after trypsinisation rather than differentiation. (rsc.org)
• Interestingly, professional inflammatory cells contribute to sebocyte differentiation and homeostasis, whereas the regulation of sebaceous gland function by immune cells is antigen-independent. (nih.gov)
• Significant advances over currently available protocols in areas such as duration of culture, yield, and maturity/differentiation of all cell types in appropriate numbers and ratio. (nih.gov)
• Autophagy contributes to embryo development and cell differentiation. (healthylifewithandrea.com)
• He studies intestinal epithelial biology and cell differentiation as well as integrative regulatory processes involving sugar sensing, transport and metabolism in the small intestine. (ispyphysiology.com)

Metabolic2

• such shifts in metabolic processing may underestimate or obscure differences in kinetics. (cdc.gov)
• This group observed that there was no easily applicable imaging method to assess recovery from stroke and identified the development of in-vivo functional, physiological and/or metabolic markers in the study of brain plasticity as a high priority. (nih.gov)

Stimuli3

• The cutaneous CRH/POMC expression is highly reactive to common stressors such as immune cytokines, ultraviolet radiation, cutaneous pathology, or even the physiological changes associated with the hair cycle phase, and similar to its central analog, the local expression and action of CRH / POMC elements appear to be highly organized and entrained, representing general mechanism of cutaneous response to stressful stimuli. (semanticscholar.org)
• NF-κB is activated by multiple stimuli, including cell adhesive attraction ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
• Without stimuli, hair cells spontaneously release neurotransmitter leading to spontaneous generation of action potentials (spikes) in innervating afferent neurons. (zfin.org)

20191

• Paris Redox 2019 aims to make an important contribution to a better understanding of redox control in physiological and pathological states that will lead to new therapeutic and disease-preventive agents. (parisdescartes.fr)

Epithelial cells2

• Raw single-walled carbon nanotube-induced cytotoxic effects in human bronchial epithelial cells: comparison to asbestos. (cdc.gov)
• This can be partly attributed to the elusive nature of enteroendocrine cell (EEC) populations, which collectively account for just 1% of intestinal epithelial cells. (jci.org)

Extracellular4

• The extracellular matrix is present in the outer side of the tissues, and it helps tissues bind the cells with collagen. (openpr.com)
• Extracellular matrix enables recipient cells to regrow, and thus, it is used in various applications, including cardiac and vascular repair procedures. (openpr.com)
• They work by binding extracellular messenger molecules - such as hormones - and activating intracellular signaling relays that alter cell functions in specific ways. (lmu.de)
• OThe molecules of the extracellular matrix play an important role during cell development and morphogenesis. (bvsalud.org)

Hormones3

• GI motility changes with food and is regulated by smooth muscle, extrinsic and intrinsic neurons, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), and several hormones [ 10 , 11 ]. (medsci.org)
• The cell, with its different compartments called organelles, faces a similar problem: cells produce molecules such as hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines and enzymes that have to be delivered to other places inside the cell, or exported out of the cell, at exactly the right moment. (blogspot.com)
• Like vitamins, hormones regulate certain organs and crucial processes. (happyhealthyhippieco.com)

Biology5

• From 1990-1995 she post- doc'ed in the Immunology Center, Marseille and Department of Cell Biology, Utrecht University.She is a team leader in the Dept of Cell Biology and Cancer and for over 7yrs has been Director of Training unit at Institut Curie, Paris. (ucd.ie)
• 14 Departments of Dermatology and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States. (nih.gov)
• Address correspondence and reprint requests to Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461. (diabetesjournals.org)
• A 3-D human retina organoid system that mimics the physiological and morphological features of the in vivo biology, consists of the major retina cell types (rod and cone photoreceptors, horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells and Muller glia) with appropriate lamination and synaptic organization, and represents their biological functions and interplay. (nih.gov)
• While the field of synthetic developmental biology has traditionally focused on the study of the rich developmental processes seen in metazoan systems, an attractive alternate source of inspiration comes from microbial developmental models. (bvsalud.org)

Mammalian cells2

• The BH3 domain of Bax is also required for Bax/Bax homodimerization and pro-apoptotic function in both yeast and mammalian cells. (embl-heidelberg.de)
• When studying vesicle transport in mammalian cells in the 1980s and 1990s, Rothman discovered that a protein complex enables vesicles to dock and fuse with their target membranes. (blogspot.com)

Homeostasis5

• The offspring were examined to assess β-cell mass, glucose homeostasis and potential sources of regenerated β-cells. (uwo.ca)
• Further, EGF signaling has been shown to function in coordinating vulva to uterus communication during development, promoting male spicule development, inducing P12.p cell fate in the epithelia, at the same time acting as a physiological signal, promoting ovulatory contractions of the gonad sheath cells, inducing a reversible nervous system quiescence during each larval molt, and regulating protein and calcium homeostasis in the adult worm. (wormbase.org)
• These interactions have been shown to be key determinants of cell fate decisions as well as important for tissue homeostasis. (wormbase.org)
• Emphasis is on interrelationships among systems and regulation of physiological functions involved in maintaining homeostasis. (cui.edu)
• Besides that,they maintain vascular homeostasis by positive effects on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. (ac.rs)

Regulate2

• Integration of such delays constitutes a kinetic proofreading mechanism to regulate T cell response to the antigen binding. (jbc.org)
• The intestinal epithelium has many functions including (1) barrier function which protects against damage induced by radiation, toxins, pathogens, and trauma, (2) facilitating nutrient uptake by being the portal to exchange substances between the lumen and underlying tissues, and (3) producing and/or secreting products that regulate a variety of human physiological processes within the body including immune related functions. (bcm.edu)

Developmental processes2

• Wnt glycoproteins are signaling molecules that control a wide range of developmental processes and is a conserved feature of metazoan development. (wormbase.org)
• Students are exposed to the developmental processes responsible for the unique structural and spatial relationships in the body. (iu.edu)

Tumor cells1

• Cell rolling is of primary biological importance given its role in recruitment of blood cells to sites of inflammation, homing of stem cells during bone marrow transplantation, and it is involved in the pathology of cancer metastasis where tumor cells may break off from a tumor and travel through the blood stream to initiate tumor formation at a distant sites. (scitizen.com)

Ultrastructural1

• We demonstrate here that human hepatocyte cell line HepG2-C3A needs at least 18 days after trypsinisation to re-establish key ultrastructural and physiological traits. (rsc.org)

Abstract1

• Abstract Repeatedly frying process of dietary edible oil has a potential role in the generation of free radicals. (bvsalud.org)

Vascular3

• Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which a new capillary network forms from the preexisting vasculature [ 19 , 20 ], whereas vasculogenesis denotes de novo blood vessel formation mostly during embryogenesis in which endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) migrate to sites of vascularization, then differentiate into endothelial cells (EC), and coalesce into the initial vascular plexus [ 21 , 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
• In addition, the rising clinical burden of valvar calcification in the aging population has highlighted the importance of understanding the processes of calcification within vascular tissues. (bmj.com)
• Pediatric patients who survived had higher levels of the chemokine regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted marker and lower levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule than did pediatric patients who died. (cdc.gov)

Adhesion2

• Treatment of minced tissues with the protease trypsin 10,11 and/or collagenase 12 (or other enzymes) allows cells to be released from their adhesion to other cells. (rsc.org)
• A recent study of a protein called MOCA (Modifier of Cell Adhesion), carried out at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, provides new clues to the answers of these fundamental questions. (salk.edu)

Roles3

• Outwith the breeding season animals may also trade-off antioxidants between roles in physiological systems associated with large amounts of ROS production. (gla.ac.uk)
• Components (neurons, retinal pigment epithelium [RPE], glia) may be produced separately or dissociated and recombined (1) if protocol addresses a significant biological or technical hurdle and (2) if in the process of re-assembly, specific functions/roles of cell types are delineated. (nih.gov)
• Since its discovery in the 1960s, a vast amount of effort has been made in understanding the physiological roles of this process. (jcmtjournal.com)

Characterize3

• We characterize organization principles of the sensory and intracortical microcircuitry of layer II and III principal cells in acute slices of rat. (researchgate.net)
• Our objective was to characterize a mouse model of maternal LP, in addition to identifying factors that contribute to the long term development of glucose intolerance and the mechanism of β-cell regeneration. (uwo.ca)
• The aim of biorheological research is to determine and characterize the dynamics of physiological processes at all levels of organization. (semcs.net)

Metastasis2

• For cancer, this may involve a kill-signal to prevent cancer metastasis or for stem cells, the ability to stimulate them to form various tissues. (scitizen.com)
• This migratory behavior is called the contact guidance and is of great importance in various physiological processes, such as cancer metastasis. (purdue.edu)

Receptors5

• The increase in synaptic currents is dependent upon an increase in newly synthesized cell surface synaptic GABA A receptors and is abolished by preventing CaMKII phosphorylation of GABA A receptors. (nature.com)
• Activation of CaMKII results in the recruitment of GABA A receptors to the cell surface, whereby they reduce the spontaneous action potential firing frequency in PCs. (nature.com)
• The cytokine binds to the TNFR1 and TNFR2 receptors, which are present in most human cells. (news-medical.net)
• LMU researchers have developed a method that enables cell-surface receptors to be switched on and off at will. (lmu.de)
• G-protein-coupled transmembrane receptors (GPCRs) are intimately involved in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes. (lmu.de)

Endothelial4

• The functions of the endothelium are highly altered following hypovolemic shock due to ischemia of the endothelial cells and by reperfusion due to resuscitation with fluids. (medscape.com)
• Blood vessels contain a layer of cells called endothelial cells that are in continuous contact with flowing blood. (scitizen.com)
• During inflammation, the endothelial cells express certain adhesive arms, or molecules, on their surface which grab onto specific moving cells and cause them to slow down and roll. (scitizen.com)
• Data shows a majority of non-neuronal cell types are present including astrocytes, Muller glia, RPE cells, pericytes, endothelial cells, and microglia. (nih.gov)

Tissues6

• One may question, "how can fast moving cells in blood possibly locate and stop within specific tissues? (scitizen.com)
• This permits the cells to further reduce their speed and sense regenerative or other signals originating from damaged or diseased tissues. (scitizen.com)
• Under most physiological circumstances, monocytes are excluded from parenchymal CNS tissues. (uzh.ch)
• Under normal physiological condition, MMPs are weakly expressed in tissues, whereas in pathological events, their overexpression is the cause of the imbalance between MMPs and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) 5-6-7 . (bvsalud.org)
• It causes a "plumping" of the tissues and fat cells due to greater levels of collagen and elastin brought on by tissue stimulation and subsequent histamine release which increases fibroblast collagen synthesis. (baborbeautyspavancouver.com)
• These dysfunctional components are broken down and recycled to make brand new cells, tissues, and organelles. (healthylifewithandrea.com)

Organs and Systems2

• bUniversidade Federal da Bahia, Institute of Health Sciences, Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems. (bvsalud.org)
• While we emphasize the biorheology of physiological function in organs and systems, the biorheology of disease is of equal interest. (semcs.net)

Homeostatic1

• cPLA 2 s have been shown to play a role in physiological/homeostatic processes such as cell cycle, gestation and female reproduction, but are also involved in various pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration and allergy. (medscape.com)

Interrelationships among1

• In Part 3, which will be published in next month's HR , the complex interrelationships among slower processing, cognition and speech recognition are examined. (hearingreview.com)

Regulation2

• This special issue contains reviews focusing on recent understandings on the regulation of autophagy in non-cancerous cells and dysregulation of this process in cancer cells. (jcmtjournal.com)
• In addition, we found a steady up-regulation of Ras-like product during the adaptation process, possibly evoked by BDNF/TrkB signaling. (ru.nl)

Protein11

• Exposure of BEAS-2B cells to SWCNT resulted in the phosphorylation of protein p42/44 (p42/44) and protein p38 (p38). (cdc.gov)
• Lacking the organelles that make protein synthesis possible, the mature erythrocyte is incapable of self-repair, reproduction, and carrying out certain functions performed by other cells. (harvard.edu)
• We hypothesized that protein restriction during gestation in mice will alter development, leading to long term glucose impairments and a failure to regenerate β-cell mass after STZ. (uwo.ca)
• Cox, Aaron R., "The Effects of Low Protein during Gestation on Mouse Pancreas Development and Beta Cell Regeneration" (2011). (uwo.ca)
• Cardamonin significantly suppressed c‑MYC, octamer‑binding transcription factor 4, cyclin E, testes‑specific protease 50 and nuclear factor‑κB protein expression in 5‑FU‑resistant HCT‑116 cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
• Cardamonin activates the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 downstream target p70 ribosomal S6 kinase and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 in smooth muscle cells to reverse insulin resistance ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
• Mapping protein phosphorylation in zebrafish development Reversible protein phosphorylation plays a key role in signaling processes that are vital for a cell and organism. (uu.nl)
• It provides a rapid switch for protein activity as it often changes the conformation and function of a protein in the cell. (uu.nl)
• A quantitative proteomics approach, using stable isotope di-methyl labeling was used to compare protein phosphorylation between wild type and Fyn/Yes knockdown embryos that display convergence and extension cell movement defects. (uu.nl)
• The animal model used in the study also will allow scientists to better understand the processes behind the formation of the protein aggregates that are common to most neurodegenerative diseases. (salk.edu)
• DeMarini, and Chapter 20, by Rice and cell death determine the size protein in several signal ing path- and Herceg). (who.int)

Growth8

• After trypsinisation, cells start to recover these traits at similar rates in both monolayer (2D) or spheroid (3D) growth environments. (rsc.org)
• While this development is restarted by trypsinisation of 2D cultures (typically after 5 days), recovery continues in 3D cultures up until 15-18 days when changes in growth rate, adenylate kinase, ATP, urea and cholesterol all suggest that spheroids undergo some type of physiological transition. (rsc.org)
• 6 In 1955, Eagle carried out the first systematic study of the growth requirements necessary to propagate cells in culture and developed an effective combination of salts, vitamins and serum. (rsc.org)
• Thus the focus in classical cell culture techniques has been to store cells, cultivate them, and ensure their vigorous growth and propagation. (rsc.org)
• In the intact organism or tissue, the vast majority of cells are contact inhibited and remain in growth arrest (G 0 ). (rsc.org)
• Angiogenesis is a physiological and vital process in development and growth. (hindawi.com)
• In this way, cells are constantly being removed as they no longer become necessary or reach the end of their life, allowing for the growth of new cells and their replacement. (news-medical.net)
• They're needed for normal cell function, growth, and development. (happyhealthyhippieco.com)

Pathway7

• The data show that pro-TRH-derived peptides are differentially sorted within the secretory pathway and that the initial cleavage in the trans-Golgi network is key to this process. (semanticscholar.org)
• In C. elegans the Notch pathway has been most studied in relation to cell fate determination. (wormbase.org)
• The LIN-12 Notch pathway directs somatic cell fate decisions during gonadogenesis, in particular, during vulval development. (wormbase.org)
• Two nerve cells form the primary components of an autonomic nerve pathway. (medicaldevicedepot.com)
• More specifically, the latencies of evoked potentials can provide information on the time involved in processing the information as it travels through the various segments of the auditory pathway. (hearingreview.com)
• In the process Schubert identified a novel pathway with broad implications for both Alzheimer's and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases. (salk.edu)
• Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) cancers achieve immortality by reelongating their telomeres in the G2 and M phases of the cell cycle through a specialized break-induced replication (BIR) pathway (1, 2). (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)

Vesicle1

• Thus, there are antigen -specific populations of T cells whose ageing fate decisions are based on telomere vesicle transfer upon initial contact with APCs. (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)

Disorders2

• [11] Free radical damage within cells has been linked to a range of disorders including cancer , arthritis , atherosclerosis , Alzheimer's disease , and diabetes . (wikipedia.org)
• The development of novel cell tracking methodologies for cell localization represent part of the Strategic Plan for Cell-based Therapies for Heart, Lung, Blood and Sleep Disorders developed by the Working Group on Cell-based Therapies in May 2002. (nih.gov)

Role12

• [15] This mitochondrial theory has been more widely accepted that it could play a major role in contributing to the aging process. (wikipedia.org)
• PC spike firing can be dynamically regulated by inhibitory synaptic transmission, and it is likely that plasticity plays an important role in this process. (nature.com)
• It was established from a human cervical carcinoma cell line in 1951 by Gey and his colleagues and it played an important role in the production of polio antigens. (rsc.org)
• Radiation-induced red cell damage: role of reactive oxygen species. (harvard.edu)
• Medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) plays an important role in physiological processes underlying navigation, learning, and memory. (researchgate.net)
• In C. elegans Wnt signaling has been shown to play a role in cell fate specification and determination of cell polarity, cell migration, and axis determination during axon outgrowth. (wormbase.org)
• Such slower processing can be expected to play a critical role in abnormal auditory perception and processing observed in older individuals. (hearingreview.com)
• These examples include studies that identified chemotaxis as the primary mechanism behind slime mold aggregation, discovered that cells likely measure chemoattractant gradients by sensing concentration differences across cell length, and tested the role of cell-associated chemoattractant degradation in shaping chemotactic fields. (bvsalud.org)
• However, the pathological role of autophagy in normal-to-cancer cell transformation, tumor development, and tumor drug resistance was not clear until the arrival of various breakthrough discoveries in the past 15 years. (jcmtjournal.com)
• Module 2 focuses on the role of EVs in physiological conditions and gives various examples on their role in metabolism, inflammation, immunity and pregnancy and coagulation. (coursera.org)
• The most well-established physiological role of sPLA 2 is as an antimicrobial agent. (medscape.com)
• In addition, they play a role in processes connected with reactive oxygen species metabolism and recently a role for iPLA 2 in obesity has been proposed. (medscape.com)

Behavioral2

• Specifically, taxonomic considerations influence how behavioral homologies are understood, where the latter are tied to such processes as perception, action, memory, and learning (Ereshefsky 2007a ). (springer.com)
• In fact, there is a substantial body of rigorous scientific evidence which shows that what is widely regarded as animal cognition is also found in plants, down to its physiological and behavioral basis. (springer.com)

Functional3

• Structural and functional consequences of antigenic modulation of red blood cells with methoxypoly(ethylene glycol). (harvard.edu)
• endocrine hormone administration reduces cell death and promotes functional repair after SCI. (frontiersin.org)
• The cytokine content in tissue microenvironments shapes the functional capacity of a T cell. (jbc.org)

Functions3

• 21-23 Thus, regular trypsinisation will prevent cells from constructing their natural structure, disturb their advanced functions, signal transduction, gene expression and prevent the full repair of their specific ECM. (rsc.org)
• For these reasons, cells in culture cannot be thought of as equivalent to cells in an intact tissue or organism and there is a growing awareness of the fact that cells cultured using traditional two dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques lack a number of advanced physiological functions in addition to the direct effects on their structure or signalling capacity. (rsc.org)
• It is a complex but orderly process that serves many functions, and abnormalities in the process can lead to disease. (news-medical.net)

Characterization1

• Characterization of retinal cell types, retina organoid structure, and retina organoid function are expected. (nih.gov)

Immune2

• In order to expedite integrated and collaborative COVID-19 research, we completed multi-omics analysis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients including matched analysis of the whole blood transcriptome, plasma proteomics with two complementary platforms, cytokine profiling, plasma and red blood cell metabolomics, deep immune cell phenotyping by mass cytometry, and clinical data annotation. (nih.gov)
• Sebaceous lipids, which represent 90% of the skin surface lipids in adolescents and adults, are markedly involved in the skin barrier function and perifollicular and dermal innate immune processes, leading to inflammatory skin diseases. (nih.gov)

Vivo4

• Moreover, in vivo TRPC3 also regulated complex spike firing and its interaction with simple spikes exclusively in Z- Purkinje cells. (biorxiv.org)
• The second goal is to develop new methods for cell tracking to monitor the movement and location of specific cell populations in vivo for application in cell-based therapeutics. (nih.gov)
• however in vivo data become essential to relate to physiological processes. (uu.nl)
• Two-photon in vivo imaging revealed that the engrafted myeloid cells extended their processes toward an ATP source and displayed intracellular calcium transients. (uzh.ch)

Mediates1

• Notch signaling mediates cell-cell interactions in a multitude of animal developmental and physiological processes. (wormbase.org)

Biological processes2

• This is the part of the nervous system outside of our brain and spinal cord that controls digestion, blood circulation, and other basic biological processes. (iffgd.org)
• The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is a model for a wide range of biological processes including chemotaxis, cell-cell communication, phagocytosis, and development. (bvsalud.org)

Normal8

• Cell death is a normal physiological process. (embl-heidelberg.de)
• Angiogenesis, which is the process by which new blood vessels develop from preexisting vessels, is governed by a very complex network of opposing signals that, under normal physiological conditions, are elicited by various highly regulated angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
• This is due, in part, to the lack of intestinal culture systems that represent normal, nontransformed human cells and include multiple cell types within the complex intestinal villi. (bcm.edu)
• The relationships between DNA damage from UV radiation, alkylating drugs and the methylated xanthines (MX) have been studied in normal and malignant rodent and human cells. (cdc.gov)
• A comparison of the level of DNA excision repair (repair replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis) confirms that some forms of alkylating- agent damage (probably mono-filar DNA adducts) are less completely removed by both normal and malignant rodent cells than by their human counterparts, rendering rodent cells more susceptible to the toxic potential of unexcised lesions. (cdc.gov)
• The GIFT technique was created in hopes of generating an artificial insemination process that mimicked the physiological sequences of normal conception. (asu.edu)
• It's a normal part of the waste produced when "used" red blood cells are broken down. (findmeacure.com)
• the fading of wrinkles, the renewal of collagen and the pure energy needed for normal cell functioning. (e-gerovital.com)

Signals5

• As every cell in the body produces unique exosomes with their own unique characteristics and contents, those unique and distinct signals can be distributed throughout the body. (lonza.com)
• They start out small, initially causing few or no symptoms, but as they built up in the axons, they begin to destroy the cytoskeleton, the internal framework of the cells, increasingly interfering with the transmission of signals from the nerve cells. (salk.edu)
• For instance, insulin is manufactured and released into the blood and chemical signals called neurotransmitters are sent from one nerve cell to another. (blogspot.com)
• But these vesicles are only allowed to release their contents when the nerve cell signals to its neighbours. (blogspot.com)
• Device Location Information, including the physical location of an Asset (e.g., determined using satellite, GPS, cell phone tower, Bluetooth or WiFi signals). (cat.com)

Humans1

• He ended up with a single, step-by-step process for axon degeneration that for the first time linked together a number of diseases and conditions, including a form of mental retardation in humans. (salk.edu)

Distinct3

• The apical dendrite of layer 2/3 pyramidal cells in the piriform cortex receives two spatially distinct inputs: one projecting onto the distal apical dendrite in sensory layer 1a, the other targeting the proximal apical dendrite in layer 1b. (researchgate.net)
• One such dogma was the notion that EECs belong to distinct cell types such as the GLP1- and PYY-secreting L cells, CCK-secreting I cells, and GIP-secreting K cells. (jci.org)
• Although two times more numerous and morphologically distinct from resident microglia up to 27 wk after initial engraftment, the overall distribution of the engrafted cells was remarkably similar to that of microglia. (uzh.ch)

Mechanism3

• Streptozotocin (STZ) - induced β-cell injury has been demonstrated to be followed by β-cell regeneration in young animals, but the mechanism(s) of regeneration are not clear. (uwo.ca)
• Previous studies have shown that around 85 of cancer cells upregulate the telomerase enzyme through a different mechanism to lengthen telomeres. (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)
• We propose that afferent neuron innervation with multiple and heterogenous hair-cells synapses, each influenced by changes in calcium domains, can serve as a mechanism for the random switching behavior. (zfin.org)

Neurological1

• This course will study motor skills and physical development from birth to adulthood with an emphasis on infancy, childhood, and adolescence including neurological, physiological, intellectual, social, and emotional factors that influence gross and fine movement activities. (cui.edu)

Circulatory1

• Unlike an injection these painless punctures stimulate your lymphatic and circulatory system which work to deliver nutrients and oxygen to your skin cells. (baborbeautyspavancouver.com)

Epithelia1

• These polar molecules are transported across epithelia by carrier-mediated processes. (aspetjournals.org)

Stem cells8

• On the other hand, exosomes produced from stem cells may promote anti-inflammatory and regenerative activity, like their originating cell. (lonza.com)
• Through enhancing the stable presentation of selectins within a device which may be directly connected to blood vessels, particular cell types traveling through the bloodstream such as cancer cells or stem cells can be captured. (scitizen.com)
• CellTraffix Inc. is presently translating this result to animal studies to capture hematopoetic stem cells and circulating cancer cells from whole blood. (scitizen.com)
• Stem cells are defined by their capacity to undergo "self-renewing" divisions, generating a new copy of themselves and a sister that will differentiate to carry out a specific function within the organism. (csun.edu)
• But we are comparatively far from understanding how stem cells choose between these two fates. (csun.edu)
• stem cells. (nih.gov)
• Called enteroids, these human "minigut" structures are composed of all five cell types present in the human intestinal epithelium: stem cells, enterocytes, goblet cells, Paneth cells, and enteroendocrine cells. (bcm.edu)
• Currently my research projects are focused on using enteroid cultures to understand how stem cells are activated in response to epithelial damage induced by viral infections. (bcm.edu)

Molecules2

• Each cell is a factory that produces and exports molecules. (blogspot.com)
• These molecules are transported around the cell in small packages called vesicles. (blogspot.com)

Reactive1

• Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can potentially damage all endogenous cells and processes, and antioxidants help prevent this oxidative stress. (gla.ac.uk)

Therapeutic5

• 3 Large-scale production of exosomes is also influenced by the specific therapeutic application, so it will be important to produce a therapeutic exosome composition that reflects the expression pattern of the parent cells. (lonza.com)
• PIM1 induction by hypoxia/radiation/docetaxel promotes prostate cancer cell survival and therapeutic resistance. (northwestern.edu)
• Recurrent tumors may arise from a small number of "cancer stem-like cells" that survive the initial therapeutic intervention and have the capacity to regenerate the tumor. (northwestern.edu)
• After first outlining the process of mechanotransduction, we provide well-known clinical therapeutic examples of mechanotherapy-turning movement into tissue healing. (bmj.com)
• Consequently, therapeutic blockade of PD-1 enhances T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity, but many patients do not respond and a significant proportion develop inflammatory toxicities. (jbc.org)

Squamous cell carc2

• Squamous cell carcinoma is an aggressive epithelial malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract comprising 90% of all head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). (jomfp.in)
• Forty-eight resected specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma were received. (jomfp.in)

Intracellular1

• This might be done by increasing or prolonging the intracellular level of active drug, by blocking the capacity of the cell to repair the drug's damage, or by interfering with other survival measures (such as replica- tion delay) instituted by the cell during this critical period. (cdc.gov)