Cell movement. Medical search

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.

A process of complicated morphogenetic cell movements that reorganizes a bilayer embryo into one with three GERM LAYERS and specific orientation (dorsal/ventral; anterior/posterior). Gastrulation describes the germ layer development of a non-mammalian BLASTULA or that of a mammalian BLASTOCYST.

Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.

The developmental stage that follows BLASTULA or BLASTOCYST. It is characterized by the morphogenetic cell movements including invagination, ingression, and involution. Gastrulation begins with the formation of the PRIMITIVE STREAK, and ends with the formation of three GERM LAYERS, the body plan of the mature organism.

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.

A genus of protozoa, formerly also considered a fungus. Its natural habitat is decaying forest leaves, where it feeds on bacteria. D. discoideum is the best-known species and is widely used in biomedical research.

The movement of cells or organisms toward or away from a substance in response to its concentration gradient.

Proteins obtained from the ZEBRAFISH. Many of the proteins in this species have been the subject of studies involving basic embryological development (EMBRYOLOGY).

A dynamic actin-rich extension of the surface of an animal cell used for locomotion or prehension of food.

Voluntary or involuntary motion of head that may be relative to or independent of body; includes animals and humans.

Orientation of intracellular structures especially with respect to the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. Polarized cells must direct proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the appropriate domain since tight junctions prevent proteins from diffusing between the two domains.

A linear band of rapidly proliferating cells that begins near the posterior end of an embryo and grows cranially. Primitive streak is formed during GASTRULATION by the convergent migration of primary ectodermal cells (EPIBLAST). The knot at the tip of the streak is called HENSEN NODE.

The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.

Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.

The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. Included are axial patterning, segmentation, compartment specification, limb position, organ boundary patterning, blood vessel patterning, etc.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

Recording serial images of a process at regular intervals spaced out over a longer period of time than the time in which the recordings will be played back.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Microscopy in which television cameras are used to brighten magnified images that are otherwise too dark to be seen with the naked eye. It is used frequently in TELEPATHOLOGY.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

Viral proteins that facilitate the movement of viruses between plant cells by means of PLASMODESMATA, channels that traverse the plant cell walls.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

Specialized structures of the cell that extend the cell membrane and project out from the cell surface.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

Physical activity of the FETUS in utero. Gross or fine fetal body movement can be monitored by the mother, PALPATION, or ULTRASONOGRAPHY.

The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.

The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity.

The storing or preserving of video signals for television to be played back later via a transmitter or receiver. Recordings may be made on magnetic tape or discs (VIDEODISC RECORDING).

The phenomenon by which dissociated cells intermixed in vitro tend to group themselves with cells of their own type.

The art, technique, or business of producing motion pictures for entertainment, propaganda, or instruction.

Wnt proteins are a large family of secreted glycoproteins that play essential roles in EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT, and tissue maintenance. They bind to FRIZZLED RECEPTORS and act as PARACRINE PROTEIN FACTORS to initiate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway stabilizes the transcriptional coactivator BETA CATENIN.

Proteins obtained from various species of Xenopus. Included here are proteins from the African clawed frog (XENOPUS LAEVIS). Many of these proteins have been the subject of scientific investigations in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

Monomeric subunits of primarily globular ACTIN and found in the cytoplasmic matrix of almost all cells. They are often associated with microtubules and may play a role in cytoskeletal function and/or mediate movement of the cell or the organelles within the cell.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

An abrupt voluntary shift in ocular fixation from one point to another, as occurs in reading.

The quality of surface form or outline of CELLS.

A species of gliding bacteria found on soil as well as in surface fresh water and coastal seawater.

The superior part of the upper extremity between the SHOULDER and the ELBOW.

Paired, segmented masses of MESENCHYME located on either side of the developing spinal cord (neural tube). Somites derive from PARAXIAL MESODERM and continue to increase in number during ORGANOGENESIS. Somites give rise to SKELETON (sclerotome); MUSCLES (myotome); and DERMIS (dermatome).

Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.

The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.

Calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They are important in the formation of ADHERENS JUNCTIONS between cells. Cadherins are classified by their distinct immunological and tissue specificities, either by letters (E- for epithelial, N- for neural, and P- for placental cadherins) or by numbers (cadherin-12 or N-cadherin 2 for brain-cadherin). Cadherins promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism as in the construction of tissues and of the whole animal body.

A sub-family of RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that is involved in regulating the organization of cytoskeletal filaments. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A cartilaginous rod of mesodermal cells at the dorsal midline of all CHORDATE embryos. In lower vertebrates, notochord is the backbone of support. In the higher vertebrates, notochord is a transient structure, and segments of the vertebral column will develop around it. Notochord is also a source of midline signals that pattern surrounding tissues including the NEURAL TUBE development.

Any of several ways in which living cells of an organism communicate with one another, whether by direct contact between cells or by means of chemical signals carried by neurotransmitter substances, hormones, and cyclic AMP.

The outer of the three germ layers of an embryo.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

The distal part of the arm beyond the wrist in humans and primates, that includes the palm, fingers, and thumb.

A RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEIN involved in regulating signal transduction pathways that control assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

Anchoring points where the CYTOSKELETON of neighboring cells are connected to each other. They are composed of specialized areas of the plasma membrane where bundles of the ACTIN CYTOSKELETON attach to the membrane through the transmembrane linkers, CADHERINS, which in turn attach through their extracellular domains to cadherins in the neighboring cell membranes. In sheets of cells, they form into adhesion belts (zonula adherens) that go all the way around a cell.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The inner of the three germ layers of an embryo.

The positioning and accommodation of eyes that allows the image to be brought into place on the FOVEA CENTRALIS of each eye.

The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

A family of microfilament proteins whose name derives from the fact that mutations in members of this protein family have been associated with WISKOTT-ALDRICH SYNDROME. They are involved in ACTIN polymerization and contain a polyproline-rich region that binds to PROFILIN, and a verprolin homology domain that binds G-ACTIN.

Fibers composed of MICROFILAMENT PROTEINS, which are predominately ACTIN. They are the smallest of the cytoskeletal filaments.

Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.

Short fragments of RNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybridize.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A form of interference microscopy in which variations of the refracting index in the object are converted into variations of intensity in the image. This is achieved by the action of a phase plate.

Methods and procedures for recording EYE MOVEMENTS.

Area of the FRONTAL LOBE concerned with primary motor control located in the dorsal PRECENTRAL GYRUS immediately anterior to the central sulcus. It is comprised of three areas: the primary motor cortex located on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain; the premotor cortex located anterior to the primary motor cortex; and the supplementary motor area located on the midline surface of the hemisphere anterior to the primary motor cortex.

An aquatic genus of the family, Pipidae, occurring in Africa and distinguished by having black horny claws on three inner hind toes.

A large family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that are involved in regulation of actin organization, gene expression and cell cycle progression. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

Eye movements that are slow, continuous, and conjugate and occur when a fixed object is moved slowly.

The two longitudinal ridges along the PRIMITIVE STREAK appearing near the end of GASTRULATION during development of nervous system (NEURULATION). The ridges are formed by folding of NEURAL PLATE. Between the ridges is a neural groove which deepens as the fold become elevated. When the folds meet at midline, the groove becomes a closed tube, the NEURAL TUBE.

An anchoring junction of the cell to a non-cellular substrate. It is composed of a specialized area of the plasma membrane where bundles of the ACTIN CYTOSKELETON terminate and attach to the transmembrane linkers, INTEGRINS, which in turn attach through their extracellular domains to EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS.

ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.

Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.

A large family of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases that are structurally-related. The name of this family of proteins derives from original protein Eph (now called the EPHA1 RECEPTOR), which was named after the cell line it was first discovered in: Erythropoietin-Producing human Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Members of this family have been implicated in regulation of cell-cell interactions involved in nervous system patterning and development.

A continuous cell line of high contact-inhibition established from NIH Swiss mouse embryo cultures. The cells are useful for DNA transfection and transformation studies. (From ATCC [Internet]. Virginia: American Type Culture Collection; c2002 [cited 2002 Sept 26]. Available from http://www.atcc.org/)

Chemical substances that attract or repel cells. The concept denotes especially those factors released as a result of tissue injury, microbial invasion, or immunologic activity, that attract LEUKOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; or other cells to the site of infection or insult.

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

A layer of cells lining the fluid-filled cavity (blastocele) of a BLASTULA, usually developed from a fertilized insect, reptilian, or avian egg.

Four or five slender jointed digits in humans and primates, attached to each HAND.

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

The anterior portion of the developing hindbrain. It gives rise to the CEREBELLUM and the PONS.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

Cells in certain regions of an embryo that self-regulate embryonic development. These organizers have been found in dorsal and ventral poles of GASTRULA embryos, including Spemann organizer in amphibians, and Hensen node in chicken and mouse. These organizer cells communicate with each other via a network of secreted signaling proteins, such as BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS and their antagonists (chordin and noggin).

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS.

Membranous appendage of fish and other aquatic organisms used for locomotion or balance.

The science and application of a double-beam transmission interference microscope in which the illuminating light beam is split into two paths. One beam passes through the specimen while the other beam reflects off a reference mirror before joining and interfering with the other. The observed optical path difference between the two beams can be measured and used to discriminate minute differences in thickness and refraction of non-stained transparent specimens, such as living cells in culture.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The subfamily of myosin proteins that are commonly found in muscle fibers. Myosin II is also involved a diverse array of cellular functions including cell division, transport within the GOLGI APPARATUS, and maintaining MICROVILLI structure.

Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity.

The tendency of a phenomenon to recur at regular intervals; in biological systems, the recurrence of certain activities (including hormonal, cellular, neural) may be annual, seasonal, monthly, daily, or more frequently (ultradian).

Performance of complex motor acts.

The complex processes of initiating CELL DIFFERENTIATION in the embryo. The precise regulation by cell interactions leads to diversity of cell types and specific pattern of organization (EMBRYOGENESIS).

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.

An early non-mammalian embryo that follows the MORULA stage. A blastula resembles a hollow ball with the layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled cavity (blastocele). The layer of cells is called BLASTODERM.

Major constituent of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They form a flexible framework for the cell, provide attachment points for organelles and formed bodies, and make communication between parts of the cell possible.

The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.

Motion of an object in which either one or more points on a line are fixed. It is also the motion of a particle about a fixed point. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

A member of the Rho family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. It is associated with a diverse array of cellular functions including cytoskeletal changes, filopodia formation and transport through the GOLGI APPARATUS. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include the assembly and interconnection of various vertebrate systems, as well as maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, morphogenic movements, cellular migrations, and metastasis.

Arrest of cell locomotion or cell division when two cells come into contact.

The artificial induction of GENE SILENCING by the use of RNA INTERFERENCE to reduce the expression of a specific gene. It includes the use of DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, such as SMALL INTERFERING RNA and RNA containing HAIRPIN LOOP SEQUENCE, and ANTI-SENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES.

A family of small polypeptide growth factors that share several common features including a strong affinity for HEPARIN, and a central barrel-shaped core region of 140 amino acids that is highly homologous between family members. Although originally studied as proteins that stimulate the growth of fibroblasts this distinction is no longer a requirement for membership in the fibroblast growth factor family.

Protein factors that promote the exchange of GTP for GDP bound to GTP-BINDING PROTEINS.

Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

An order of rod-shaped, gram-negative fruiting gliding bacteria found in SOIL; WATER; and HUMUS.

A broad category of carrier proteins that play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They generally contain several modular domains, each of which having its own binding activity, and act by forming complexes with other intracellular-signaling molecules. Signal-transducing adaptor proteins lack enzyme activity, however their activity can be modulated by other signal-transducing enzymes

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The position or attitude of the body.

The epithelium lining the seminiferous tubules composed of primary male germ cells (SPERMATOGONIA) and supporting SERTOLI CELLS. As SPERMATOGENESIS proceeds, the developing germ cells migrate toward the lumen. The adluminal compartment, the inner two thirds of the tubules, contains SPERMATOCYTES and the more advanced germ cells.

Sensory functions that transduce stimuli received by proprioceptive receptors in joints, tendons, muscles, and the INNER EAR into neural impulses to be transmitted to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Proprioception provides sense of stationary positions and movements of one's body parts, and is important in maintaining KINESTHESIA and POSTURAL BALANCE.

The quantity of volume or surface area of CELLS.

Direct contact of a cell with a neighboring cell. Most such junctions are too small to be resolved by light microscopy, but they can be visualized by conventional or freeze-fracture electron microscopy, both of which show that the interacting CELL MEMBRANE and often the underlying CYTOPLASM and the intervening EXTRACELLULAR SPACE are highly specialized in these regions. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p792)

The posterior of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of an embryonic brain. It consists of myelencephalon, metencephalon, and isthmus rhombencephali from which develop the major BRAIN STEM components, such as MEDULLA OBLONGATA from the myelencephalon, CEREBELLUM and PONS from the metencephalon, with the expanded cavity forming the FOURTH VENTRICLE.

A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.

Signaling proteins that are ligands for the EPH FAMILY RECEPTORS. They are membrane-bound proteins that are attached to the CELL MEMBRANE either through a GLYCOINOSITOL PHOSPHOLIPID MEMBRANE ANCHOR or through a transmembrane domain. Many of the ephrins are considered important intercellular signaling molecules that control morphogenic changes during embryogenesis.

Formation of differentiated cells and complicated tissue organization to provide specialized functions.

The real or apparent movement of objects through the visual field.

Proteins that are preferentially expressed or upregulated during FETAL DEVELOPMENT.

A species of the genus MACACA inhabiting India, China, and other parts of Asia. The species is used extensively in biomedical research and adapts very well to living with humans.

Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.

An eph family receptor found in variety of tissues including BRAIN. During embryogenesis, EphA4 receptor exhibits a diverse spatial and temporal patterns of expression suggesting its role in multiple developmental processes.

The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.

Integrin beta-1 chains which are expressed as heterodimers that are noncovalently associated with specific alpha-chains of the CD49 family (CD49a-f). CD29 is expressed on resting and activated leukocytes and is a marker for all of the very late activation antigens on cells. (from: Barclay et al., The Leukocyte Antigen FactsBook, 1993, p164)

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

A protein complex of actin and MYOSINS occurring in muscle. It is the essential contractile substance of muscle.

Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

Non-invasive imaging of cells that have been labeled non-destructively, such as with nanoemulsions or reporter genes that can be detected by molecular imaging, to monitor their location, viability, cell lineage expansion, response to drugs, movement, or other behaviors in vivo.

Recording of the average amplitude of the resting potential arising between the cornea and the retina in light and dark adaptation as the eyes turn a standard distance to the right and the left. The increase in potential with light adaptation is used to evaluate the condition of the retinal pigment epithelium.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The movement of leukocytes in response to a chemical concentration gradient or to products formed in an immunologic reaction.

A stage of sleep characterized by rapid movements of the eye and low voltage fast pattern EEG. It is usually associated with dreaming.

A complex of seven proteins including ARP2 PROTEIN and ARP3 PROTEIN that plays an essential role in maintenance and assembly of the CYTOSKELETON. Arp2-3 complex binds WASP PROTEIN and existing ACTIN FILAMENTS, and it nucleates the formation of new branch point filaments.

A mechanism of communicating one's own sensory system information about a task, movement or skill.

A rac GTP-binding protein involved in regulating actin filaments at the plasma membrane. It controls the development of filopodia and lamellipodia in cells and thereby influences cellular motility and adhesion. It is also involved in activation of NADPH OXIDASE. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

A family of transmembrane glycoproteins (MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS) consisting of noncovalent heterodimers. They interact with a wide variety of ligands including EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS; COMPLEMENT, and other cells, while their intracellular domains interact with the CYTOSKELETON. The integrins consist of at least three identified families: the cytoadhesin receptors(RECEPTORS, CYTOADHESIN), the leukocyte adhesion receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION), and the VERY LATE ANTIGEN RECEPTORS. Each family contains a common beta-subunit (INTEGRIN BETA CHAINS) combined with one or more distinct alpha-subunits (INTEGRIN ALPHA CHAINS). These receptors participate in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion in many physiologically important processes, including embryological development; HEMOSTASIS; THROMBOSIS; WOUND HEALING; immune and nonimmune defense mechanisms; and oncogenic transformation.

A specialized barrier, in the TESTIS, between the interstitial BLOOD compartment and the adluminal compartment of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. The barrier is formed by layers of cells from the VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM of the capillary BLOOD VESSELS, to the SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM of the seminiferous tubules. TIGHT JUNCTIONS form between adjacent SERTOLI CELLS, as well as between the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A group of intracellular-signaling serine threonine kinases that bind to RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They were originally found to mediate the effects of rhoA GTP-BINDING PROTEIN on the formation of STRESS FIBERS and FOCAL ADHESIONS. Rho-associated kinases have specificity for a variety of substrates including MYOSIN-LIGHT-CHAIN PHOSPHATASE and LIM KINASES.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

Undifferentiated cells resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE). Inside the intact ZONA PELLUCIDA, each cleavage yields two blastomeres of about half size of the parent cell. Up to the 8-cell stage, all of the blastomeres are totipotent. The 16-cell MORULA contains outer cells and inner cells.

A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Voluntary activity without external compulsion.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Sense of movement of a part of the body, such as movement of fingers, elbows, knees, limbs, or weights.

A microfilament protein that interacts with F-ACTIN and regulates cortical actin assembly and organization. It is also an SH3 DOMAIN containing phosphoprotein, and it mediates tyrosine PHOSPHORYLATION based SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION by PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(C-SRC).

Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

A family of non-receptor, PROLINE-rich protein-tyrosine kinases.

Src-family kinases that associate with T-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR and phosphorylate a wide variety of intracellular signaling molecules.

The injection of very small amounts of fluid, often with the aid of a microscope and microsyringes.

Animals having a vertebral column, members of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Craniata comprising mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.

The three primary germinal layers (ECTODERM; ENDODERM; and MESODERM) developed during GASTRULATION that provide tissues and body plan of a mature organism. They derive from two early layers, hypoblast and epiblast.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

A large class of structurally-related proteins that contain one or more LIM zinc finger domains. Many of the proteins in this class are involved in intracellular signaling processes and mediate their effects via LIM domain protein-protein interactions. The name LIM is derived from the first three proteins in which the motif was found: LIN-11, Isl1 and Mec-3.

Proteins found in any species of protozoan.

The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)

A family of low MOLECULAR WEIGHT actin-binding proteins found throughout eukaryotes. They remodel the actin CYTOSKELETON by severing ACTIN FILAMENTS and increasing the rate of monomer dissociation.

The region of the upper limb between the metacarpus and the FOREARM.

An individual that contains cell populations derived from different zygotes.

A reflex wherein impulses are conveyed from the cupulas of the SEMICIRCULAR CANALS and from the OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE of the SACCULE AND UTRICLE via the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI of the BRAIN STEM and the median longitudinal fasciculus to the OCULOMOTOR NERVE nuclei. It functions to maintain a stable retinal image during head rotation by generating appropriate compensatory EYE MOVEMENTS.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.

The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).

Abnormal involuntary movements which primarily affect the extremities, trunk, or jaw that occur as a manifestation of an underlying disease process. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of dyskinesia as a primary manifestation of disease may be referred to as dyskinesia syndromes (see MOVEMENT DISORDERS). Dyskinesias are also a relatively common manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.

Awareness of oneself in relation to time, place and person.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

A class of monomeric, low molecular weight (20-25 kDa) GTP-binding proteins that regulate a variety of intracellular processes. The GTP bound form of the protein is active and limited by its inherent GTPase activity, which is controlled by an array of GTPase activators, GDP dissociation inhibitors, and guanine nucleotide exchange factors. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47

Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Physical motion, i.e., a change in position of a body or subject as a result of an external force. It is distinguished from MOVEMENT, a process resulting from biological activity.

Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.

Large, noncollagenous glycoprotein with antigenic properties. It is localized in the basement membrane lamina lucida and functions to bind epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Evidence suggests that the protein plays a role in tumor invasion.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

The aggregation of soluble ANTIGENS with ANTIBODIES, alone or with antibody binding factors such as ANTI-ANTIBODIES or STAPHYLOCOCCAL PROTEIN A, into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

Nonbehavioral selection for pawns, mutants of Paramecium aurelia with decreased excitability. (1/32044)

The reversal response in Paramecium aurelia is mediated by calcium which carries the inward current during excitation. Electrophysiological studies indicate that strontium and barium can also carry the inward current. Exposure to high concentrations of barium rapidly paralyzes and later kills wild-type paramecia. Following mutagenesis with nitrosoguanidine, seven mutants which continued to swim in the ;high-barium' solution were selected. All of the mutants show decreased reversal behavior, with phenotypes ranging from extremely non-reversing (;extreme' pawns) to nearly wild-type reversal behavior (;partial' pawns). The mutations fall into three complementation groups, identical to the pwA, pwB, and pwC genes of Kunget al. (1975). All of the pwA and pwB mutants withstand longer exposure to barium, the pwB mutants surviving longer than the pwA mutants. Among mutants of each gene, survival is correlated with loss of reversal behavior. Double mutants (A-B, A-C, B-C), identified in the exautogamous progeny of crosses between ;partial' mutants, exhibited a more extreme non-reversing phenotype than either of their single-mutant (;partial' pawn) parents.---Inability to reverse could be expected from an alteration in the calcium-activated reversal mechanism or in excitation. A normal calcium-activated structure was demonstrated in all pawns by chlorpromazine treatment. In a separate report (Schein, Bennett and Katz 1976) the results of electrophysiological investigations directly demonstrate decreased excitability in all of the mutants, a decrease due to an altered calcium activation. The studies of the genetics, the survival in barium and the electro-physiology of the pawns demonstrate that the pwA and pwB genes have different effects on calcium activation. (+info)

Polarized distribution of Bcr-Abl in migrating myeloid cells and co-localization of Bcr-Abl and its target proteins. (2/32044)

Bcr-Abl plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia. Although a large number of substrates and interacting proteins of Bcr-Abl have been identified, it remains unclear whether Bcr-Abl assembles multi-protein complexes and if it does where these complexes are within cells. We have investigated the localization of Bcr-Abl in 32D myeloid cells attached to the extracellular matrix. We have found that Bcr-Abl displays a polarized distribution, colocalizing with a subset of filamentous actin at trailing portions of migrating 32D cells, and localizes on the cortical F-actin and on vesicle-like structures in resting 32D cells. Deletion of the actin binding domain of Bcr-Abl (Bcr-AbI-AD) dramatically enhances the localization of Bcr-Abl on the vesicle-like structures. These distinct localization patterns of Bcr-Abl and Bcr-Abl-AD enabled us to examine the localization of Bcr-Abl substrate and interacting proteins in relation to Bcr-Abl. We found that a subset of biochemically defined target proteins of Bcr-Abl redistributed and co-localized with Bcr-Abl on F-actin and on vesicle-like structures. The co-localization of signaling proteins with Bcr-Abl at its sites of localization supports the idea that Bcr-Abl forms a multi-protein signaling complex, while the polarized distribution and vesicle-like localization of Bcr-Abl may play a role in leukemogenesis. (+info)

The LIM-only protein PINCH directly interacts with integrin-linked kinase and is recruited to integrin-rich sites in spreading cells. (3/32044)

PINCH is a widely expressed and evolutionarily conserved protein comprising primarily five LIM domains, which are cysteine-rich consensus sequences implicated in mediating protein-protein interactions. We report here that PINCH is a binding protein for integrin-linked kinase (ILK), an intracellular serine/threonine protein kinase that plays important roles in the cell adhesion, growth factor, and Wnt signaling pathways. The interaction between ILK and PINCH has been consistently observed under a variety of experimental conditions. They have interacted in yeast two-hybrid assays, in solution, and in solid-phase-based binding assays. Furthermore, ILK, but not vinculin or focal adhesion kinase, has been coisolated with PINCH from mammalian cells by immunoaffinity chromatography, indicating that PINCH and ILK associate with each other in vivo. The PINCH-ILK interaction is mediated by the N-terminal-most LIM domain (LIM1, residues 1 to 70) of PINCH and multiple ankyrin (ANK) repeats located within the N-terminal domain (residues 1 to 163) of ILK. Additionally, biochemical studies indicate that ILK, through the interaction with PINCH, is capable of forming a ternary complex with Nck-2, an SH2/SH3-containing adapter protein implicated in growth factor receptor kinase and small GTPase signaling pathways. Finally, we have found that PINCH is concentrated in peripheral ruffles of cells spreading on fibronectin and have detected clusters of PINCH that are colocalized with the alpha5beta1 integrins. These results demonstrate a specific protein recognition mechanism utilizing a specific LIM domain and multiple ANK repeats and suggest that PINCH functions as an adapter protein connecting ILK and the integrins with components of growth factor receptor kinase and small GTPase signaling pathways. (+info)

Transduction of glioma cells using a high-titer retroviral vector system and their subsequent migration in brain tumors. (4/32044)

The intracranial migration of transduced glioma cells was investigated in order to improve the treatment of malignant glioma by gene therapy using retroviral vectors. In this study, about half the volume of the tumor mass could be transduced in 14 days after only a single implantation of 3 x 10(5) retrovirus-producing cells into a tumor mass with a diameter of 5 mm. Moreover, we were able to follow the migration of glioma cells transduced by the lacZ-harboring retroviruses originating from the high-titer retrovirus-producing cells. Besides the importance of using a high-titer retroviral vector system, our results also indicate that the implantation site of the virus-producing cells and the interval between the implantation of the virus-producing cells and the subsequent administration of ganciclovir are important factors for the efficient killing of glioma cells. (+info)

Prolonged eosinophil accumulation in allergic lung interstitium of ICAM-2 deficient mice results in extended hyperresponsiveness. (5/32044)

ICAM-2-deficient mice exhibit prolonged accumulation of eosinophils in lung interstitium concomitant with a delayed increase in eosinophil numbers in the airway lumen during the development of allergic lung inflammation. The ICAM-2-dependent increased and prolonged accumulation of eosinophils in lung interstitium results in prolonged, heightened airway hyperresponsiveness. These findings reveal an essential role for ICAM-2 in the development of the inflammatory and respiratory components of allergic lung disease. This phenotype is caused by the lack of ICAM-2 expression on non-hematopoietic cells. ICAM-2 deficiency on endothelial cells causes reduced eosinophil transmigration in vitro. ICAM-2 is not essential for lymphocyte homing or the development of leukocytes, with the exception of megakaryocyte progenitors, which are significantly reduced. (+info)

Anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor antibody inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in injured rat carotid arteries. (6/32044)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) has been suggested to promote atherogenesis. The effects of in vivo neutralization of MCP-1 in a rat model were examined in an effort to clarify the role of MCP-1 in the development of neointimal hyperplasia. Competitive polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed maximum MCP-1 mRNA expression at 4 hours after carotid arterial injury. Increased immunoreactivities of MCP-1 were also detected at 2 and 8 hours after injury. Either anti-MCP-1 antibody or nonimmunized goat IgG (10 mg/kg) was then administered every 12 hours to rats that had undergone carotid arterial injury. Treatment with 3 consecutive doses of anti-MCP-1 antibody within 24 hours (experiment 1) and every 12 hours for 5 days (experiment 2) significantly inhibited neointimal hyperplasia at day 14, resulting in a 27.8% reduction of the mean intima/media ratio (P<0.05) in experiment 1 and a 43.6% reduction (P<0.01) in experiment 2. This effect was still apparent at day 56 (55.6% inhibition; P<0.05). The number of vascular smooth muscle cells in the neointima at day 4 was significantly reduced by anti-MCP-1 treatment, demonstrating the important role of MCP-1 in early neointimal lesion formation. However, recombinant MCP-1 did not stimulate chemotaxis of vascular smooth muscle cells in an in vitro migration assay. These results suggest that MCP-1 promotes neointimal hyperplasia in early neointimal lesion formation and that neutralization of MCP-1 before, and immediately after, arterial injury may be effective in preventing restenosis after angioplasty. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism underlying the promotion of neointimal hyperplasia by MCP-1. (+info)

Non-serum-dependent chemotactic factors produced by Candida albicans stimulate chemotaxis by binding to the formyl peptide receptor on neutrophils and to an unknown receptor on macrophages. (7/32044)

Serum-free culture filtrates of six Candida species and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were found to contain chemoattractants for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and a mouse macrophage-like cell line, J774. The chemotactic factors differed for the PMN and J774 cells, however, in terms of heat stability, kinetics of liberation by the yeast cells, and divalent cation requirements for production. The chemoattractant in Candida albicans culture filtrates appeared to act through the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) of PMNs, since it was found to induce chemotaxis of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that were expressing the human FPR but did not induce chemotaxis of wild-type CHO cells. The C. albicans culture filtrates also induced migration of PMNs across confluent monolayers of a human gastrointestinal epithelial cell line, T84; migration occurred in the basolateral-to-apical direction but not the reverse direction, unless the epithelial tight junctions were disrupted. J774 cells did not migrate toward the formylated peptide (fMet-Leu-Phe; fMLF), and chemotaxis toward the C. albicans culture filtrate was not inhibited by an FPR antagonist (t-butoxycarbonyl-Met-Leu-Phe), suggesting that a different receptor mediated J774 cell chemotaxis. In conclusion, we have identified a receptor by which a non-serum-dependent chemotactic factor (NSCF) produced by C. albicans induced chemotaxis of PMNs. Additionally, we have shown that NSCF was active across epithelial monolayers. These findings suggest that NSCFs produced by C. albicans and other yeast species may influence host-pathogen interactions at the gastrointestinal tract mucosal surface by inducing phagocytic-cell infiltration. (+info)

Role of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase cascade in human neutrophil killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and in migration. (8/32044)

Killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans by neutrophils involves adherence of the microorganisms, phagocytosis, and a collaborative action of oxygen reactive species and components of the granules. While a number of intracellular signalling pathways have been proposed to regulate neutrophil responses, the extent to which each pathway contributes to the killing of S. aureus and C. albicans has not been clearly defined. We have therefore examined the effect of blocking one such pathway, the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) cascade, using the specific inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase, PD98059, on the ability of human neutrophils to kill S. aureus and C. albicans. Our data demonstrate the presence of ERK2 and a 43-kDa form of ERK but not ERK1 in human neutrophils. Upon stimulation with formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (fMLP), the activities of both ERK2 and the 43-kDa form were stimulated. Despite abrogating the activity of both ERK forms, PD98059 only slightly reduced the ability of neutrophils to kill S. aureus or C. albicans. This is consistent with our finding that PD98059 had no effect on neutrophil adherence or degranulation, although pretreatment of neutrophils with PD98059 inhibited fMLP-stimulated superoxide production by 50%, suggesting that a change in superoxide production per se is not strictly correlated with microbicidal activity. However, fMLP-stimulated chemokinesis was markedly inhibited, while random migration and fMLP-stimulated chemotaxis were partially inhibited, by PD98059. These data demonstrate, for the first time, that the ERK cascade plays only a minor role in the microbicidal activity of neutrophils and that the ERK cascade is involved primarily in regulating neutrophil migration in response to fMLP. (+info)

Modified donor T cells were engineered to attack the leukemia cells, to be resistant to Alemtuzumab, and to evade detection by ... Im W, Moon J, Kim M (September 2016). "Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 for Gene Editing in Hereditary Movement Disorders". Journal ... For example, when one is planning to use the cell's NHEJ to create a mutation, the cell's HDR systems will also be at work ... Thanks to the parallel development of single-cell transcriptomics, genome editing and new stem cell models we are now entering ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_editing

In FRDA, cells produce less frataxin. Degeneration of nerve tissue in the spinal cord causes the ataxia; particularly affected ... The sensory neurons essential for directing muscle movement of the arms and legs through connections with the cerebellum are ... The spinal cord becomes thinner and nerve cells lose some myelin sheath.The diameter of the spinal cord is smaller than that of ... Nrf2 is decreased in FRDA cells. PTC-743 (formerly EPI-743) is being developed by PTC Therapeutics. PTC-743 is a para- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedreich's_ataxia

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1976.tb01352.x. Sleigh MA (1985). "Origin and evolution of flagellar movement". Cell Motil. 5: 137-138 ... akrokont: cells with flagella inserted apically subakrokont: cells with flagella inserted subapically pleurokont: cells with ... An example of a eukaryotic flagellate cell is the mammalian sperm cell, which uses its flagellum to propel itself through the ... The flagellum is encased within the cell's plasma membrane, so that the interior of the flagellum is accessible to the cell's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagellum

Anatomically, the movements are mediated by pulvini. Pulvinus cells are located at the base or apex of the petiole and the flux ... The leaf movement factor of Chamaecrista mimosoides (formerly Cassia mimosoides) was found to not bind to the motor cell of ... Non-pulvinar mediated movement is also possible and happens through differential cell division and growth on either side of the ... The leaf movement factor of Albizia julibrissin similarly didn't bind to the motor cell of Chamaecrista mimosoides, but did ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyctinasty

Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (January 2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9-13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. ... Movement Disorders. 21 (9): 1510-3. doi:10.1002/mds.21011. PMID 16817193. S2CID 38374943. Gélinas JF, Clerzius G, Shaw E, ... ADAR is able to both modify and regulate the output of gene product, as inosine is interpreted by the cell to be guanosine. ... ADAR1 is an interferon ( IFN )-inducible protein (one released by a cell in response to a pathogen or virus), so it would make ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADAR

Cell Stem Cell. 18 (1): 134-43. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2015.10.002. PMC 4707991. PMID 26549107. Papapetropoulos S, Singer C (April ... MG can be transferred from the mother to the fetus by the movement of AChR antibodies through the placenta. Signs of this ... During development, muscle cells produce acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and express them in the central regions in a process ... 50-60% of the patients that are diagnosed with LEMS also have present an associated tumor, which is typically small-cell lung ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromuscular_junction

... researchers have converted connective tissue cells found in skin into heart cells, blood cells, and liver cells. Wang Z, Tang B ... "Movement Disorders". The International Neuromodulation Society. Kempermann G, Gage FH, Aigner L, Song H, Curtis MA, Thuret S, ... A neuron or nerve cell is an electrically excitable cell that communicates with other cells via specialized connections called ... Researchers found a way to transform human skin cells into nerve cells using transdifferentiation, in which "cells are forced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron

The machinery of cell crawling. Sci Am. 1994; 271: 54-63. 69. Stossel, TP. The machinery of cell movements. The 1993 E. Donnall ... Dev Cell, 2003, 4: 444-445. 77. Stossel, TP, Fenteany G, Hartwig, JH. Cell surface actin remodeling at a glance. J Cell Sci, ... Role in cytoplasmic movement and phagocytosis. J Cell Biol. 1976; 68:602-619. 32. Boxer LA, Stossel TP. Interactions of actin, ... Actin gelation and the structure and movement of cortical cytoplasm. Cell Surface Reviews. In: Cytoskeletal Elements and Plasma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_P._Stossel

Cell Death and Differentiation. 14 (7): 1275-84. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4402145. PMID 17464328. Heinitz S, Klein C, Djarmati A (Nov ... Movement Disorders. 26 (13): 2441-2. doi:10.1002/mds.23889. PMID 21953724. Walder K, Kerr-Bayles L, Civitarese A, Jowett J, ... thus promoting retinal ganglion cell death and neurodegeneration. PARL has been shown to interact with: PINK1, OPA1, and HAX1. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PARL

"GEO elections monitoring cell: Sanaullah Zehri". GEO News, elections cell. Retrieved 10 October 2014. CS1 maint: discouraged ... His father, Sardar Doda Khan Zehri, was a tribal leader and an activist in the Pakistan Movement who played a crucial role in ... parameter (link) Malik Siraj Akbar (2011). The Redefined Dimensions of Baloch Nationalist Movement. Xlibris Corporation. p. 181 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaullah_Khan_Zehri

Bhowmick DK (March 1967). "Electron microscopy of Trichamoeba villosa and amoeboid movement". Exp. Cell Res. 45 (3): 570-89. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichamoeba

Liscum, Emmanuel (January 2014). "Phototropism: Growing towards an Understanding of Plant Movement". Plant Cell. 1 (1): 38-55. ... into the cell. This ion influx triggers a passive flow of water into the cell down its osmotic gradient, effectively increasing ... Mechanosensory proteins in cell lipid bilayers, known as MS ion channels, are activated once they are physically deformed in ... Speed, Accuracy and retention: Speed is the rapidity of movement. Retention is the act of retaining. These 3 elements depend ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning

... the sperm cells are amoeboid and crawl, rather than swim, towards the egg cell. Non-motile sperm cells called spermatia lack ... "Flagellar movement of human spermatozoa". Gamete Research. 13 (3): 185-197. doi:10.1002/mrd.1120130302. Wilson, Clare (July 31 ... Sperm cells are carried out of the male body in a fluid known as semen. Human sperm cells can survive within the female ... The sperm cells are the only flagellated cells in the life cycle of these plants. In many ferns and lycophytes, cycads and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm

Yue J (July 2011). "miRNA and vascular cell movement". Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 63 (8): 616-22. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2011.01.001. ... The drug has also been shown to enhance T cell infiltration in combination with immunotherapy in mouse models of pancreatic ... Abca1 is essential for production of HDL precursors in liver cells. In macrophages, Abca1 excretes cholesterol from oxidized ... "Targeting vascular endothelial-cadherin in tumor-associated blood vessels promotes T cell-mediated immunotherapy". Cancer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antagomir

Neuroscientist and stem cell biologist; discovered human adult neural stem cells. Clark Gibson, Political Science. Expert on ... Composer, founder of New Complexity movement. David Noel Freedman, Religion. General editor of the Anchor Bible Series. Y.C. ... Romanian-born scientist who won the Nobel Prize for his work on the structure and function of cells, The Guardian, Retrieved 23 ... First to characterize kinesin molecular motors; head of UCSD stem cell research program. Jean-Pierre Gorin, Visual Arts. Film ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_University_of_California,_San_Diego_people

The process of IFT involves movement of large protein complexes called IFT particles or trains from the cell body to the ... The outward or anterograde movement is powered by kinesin-2 while the inward or retrograde movement is powered by cytoplasmic ... Sedmak T, Wolfrum U (April 2010). "Intraflagellar transport molecules in ciliary and nonciliary cells of the retina". J. Cell ... Scholey, JM (2008). "Intraflagellar transport motors in cilia: moving along the cell's antenna". Journal of Cell Biology. 180 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraflagellar_transport

Kaiser D (October 2003). "Coupling cell movement to multicellular development in myxobacteria". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 1 ... Prokaryotic cells are usually much smaller than eukaryotic cells. Therefore, prokaryotes have a larger surface-area-to-volume ... The distinction is that eukaryotic cells have a "true" nucleus containing their DNA, whereas prokaryotic cells do not have a ... Also, as with multicellular eukaryotes, these changes in expression often appear to result from cell-to-cell signaling, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryote

Kulkarni SV, Gish G, van der Geer P, Henkemeyer M, Pawson T (2000). "Role of p120 Ras-GAP in directed cell movement". J. Cell ... Su L, Agati JM, Parsons SJ (2003). "p190RhoGAP is cell cycle regulated and affects cytokinesis". J. Cell Biol. 163 (3): 571-82 ... Cell. Biol. 14 (11): 7173-81. doi:10.1128/mcb.14.11.7173. PMC 359251. PMID 7935432. McGlade J, Brunkhorst B, Anderson D, ... Cell Growth Differ. 11 (7): 343-54. PMID 10939588. Shiota M, Tanihiro T, Nakagawa Y, Aoki N, Ishida N, Miyazaki K, Ullrich A, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARHGAP5

"Agnes Smedley's 'Cell Mates.'" Signs, vol. 3, no. 2, 1977, pp. 531-539. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3173318. Engelman, ... Her involvement with the suffrage movement harmed her career in the UK because of her damaged reputation. Agents did not want ... "Social Engineering: A Study of the Birth Control Movement." Social Forces, vol. 22, no. 4, 1944, pp. 420-428. JSTOR, JSTOR, www ... While advocating for performers, Marion was drawn to the Suffragette Movement. She joined the Women's Social and Political ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitty_Marion

The motion is performed by motor cells in a flexible segment just below the flower, called a pulvinus. The motor cells are ... The phenomenon was studied by Charles Darwin and published in his penultimate book The Power of Movement in Plants in 1880, a ... The segment flexes because the motor cells at the shadow side elongate due to a turgor rise. This is considered to be turgor- ... Lang A.R.G.; Begg J.E. (1979). "Movements of Helianthus annuus leaves and heads". J Appl Ecol. 16 (1): 299-305. doi:10.2307/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotropism

Bard, Jonathan; Meller, Sam; Hay, Elizabeth Dexter (1975). "Formation of corneal endothelium; a study of cell movement in vivo ... their morphology and movement in situ and in vitro. =Journal of Cell Biology". 67: 400-418. Cite journal requires ,journal= ( ... cell shape, and the control of cell growth and differentiation. She asserted that the basis of many scientific ideas originate ... the regeneration of the limb is achieved when differentiated cells begin to dedifferentiate and become stem cells. In 1957, Don ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Hay

Ringgaard, S; van Zon, J; Howard, M; Gerdes, K (Nov 17, 2009). "Movement and equipositioning of plasmids by ParA filament ... Vecchiarelli, AG; Hwang, LC; Mizuuchi, K (Apr 9, 2013). "Cell-free study of F plasmid partition provides evidence for cargo ... function to ensure accurate partitioning of plasmids or whole chromosomes between bacterial daughter cells prior to cell ... Cell Systems. 1 (2): 163-73. doi:10.1016/j.cels.2015.07.013. PMID 27135801. Bouet, JY; Ah-Seng, Y; Benmeradi, N; Lane, D (2007 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ParABS_system

Holt's early career was spent studying cell movement during eye development in the frog visual system. Her seminal dissertation ... Holt, Christine (30 October 1980). "Cell movements in Xenopus eye development". Nature. 287 (5785): 850-852. Bibcode:1980Natur. ... she studied the mechanism in which cells from the retina grow towards and make connections with specific brain cells, ... This process is required for accuracy in brain cell growth proper orientation. In addition to studying N-cadherin and integrins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Holt

"June 19, World Sickle Cell Day". Mainframe. Dazzling Mirage Movement. Archived from the original on 12 September 2014. ... Sickle-cell anaemia Odejimi, Segun (18 January 2016). "IN FULL: TNS Exclusive Report On Nigerian Cinema In 2015". TNS. Archived ... It tells the story of a young sickle-cell patient and the various social and emotional challenges she is faced with. Kemi 'Lala ... The first official poster, together with a third trailer was released on 18 June 2014, ahead of the 2014 World Sickle-cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dazzling_Mirage

FEET] VENICE SKATEBOARD PARK". Cell-Less Productions. Retrieved 2015-11-21. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "The Living ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "Team/Movement «". Woundedkneeskateboards.net. 2009-10-23. Retrieved 2015-11-21. CS1 ... cell-lessproductions.com. Retrieved October 29, 2009. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "Wounded Knee Skateboards". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juice_(skateboarding_magazine)

"Single microtubules from squid axoplasm support bidirectional movement of organelles". Cell. 40 (2): 455-462. doi:10.1016/0092- ... Cell. 126 (2): 335-348. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.046. PMC 2851639. PMID 16873064. Carter, Andrew P.; Garbarino, Joan E.; ... "Purified plasma membranes inhibit polypeptide growth factor-induced DNA synthesis in subconfluent 3T3 cells". Journal of Cell ... He was the president of the American Society for Cell Biology in 2012. He has also been an investigator at the Howard Hughes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Vale

"Interchromosomal Homology Searches Drive Directional ALT Telomere Movement and Synapsis". Cell. 159 (1): 108-121. doi:10.1016/j ... Due to specific expression of GT198 protein in stromal cells that may give rise tumor cells, GT198 is a potential therapeutic ... "Cells that make blood vessels can also make tumors and enable their spread". Jagwire. 2017-06-19.. ... GT198 expression is specific to reactive or angiogenic tumor stromal cells which occur at the early stage of tumor. GT198 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GT198

The virus exits the host cell by monopartite non-tubule guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission ... Chen MH, Citovsky V (August 2003). "Systemic movement of a tobamovirus requires host cell pectin methylesterase". The Plant ... Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus ... the movement protein (MP) which is necessary for the virus to move between cells and the coat protein (CP). The read-through ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobamovirus

August 2008). "TCTP protects from apoptotic cell death by antagonizing bax function". Cell Death Differ. 15 (8): 1211-20. doi: ... Wolter KG, Hsu YT, Smith CL, Nechushtan A, Xi XG, Youle RJ (December 1997). "Movement of Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria ... that accelerates programmed cell death". Cell. 74 (4): 609-19. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90509-O. PMID 8358790. S2CID 31151334. ... In healthy mammalian cells, the majority of BAX is found in the cytosol, but upon initiation of apoptotic signaling, Bax ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bcl-2-associated_X_protein

CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "Movement at Quartz - Cision". Cision.com. 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2017. CS1 ... Elijah Wolfson (August 12, 2015). "Sex Cells" (PDF). Fnal.gov. Retrieved 2017-08-19. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah_Wolfson

Photoelectric cells in a spectrophotometer device worn on the forehead measure the amount of each wavelength of light reflected ... Less subject to surface artifacts, such as eye and facial movements. *Capable of at-home training due to smaller, more portable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoencephalography

A compensatory mechanism involves the movement of cerebrospinal fluid from the cranial vault towards the spinal cord.[21] The ... Certain cells in the brain respond specifically to an increase of CO2 in the blood.[4][24] The response involves vasodilatation ... This allows movement of the separate bones in relation to one another; the infant skull is still malleable.[3] The fibrous ... A two-dimensional sagittal image is used to pre-operatively determine the extent of movement, which can vary between seven and ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniosynostosis

... perforating the middle lamella but damage to either the plasmalemma or cell walls was not observed.[29] The disease is often ... was introduced in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland on 26 October banning the importation and movement of ash ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymenoscyphus_pseudoalbidus

The cells met to read Marxist texts and hold self-criticism sessions.[51] Sâr joined a cell that met on the rue Lacepède; his ... Mok rallied troops loyal to him at Anlogn Veng, informing them that Pol Pot had betrayed their movement and then headed to Kbal ... In declining health, Pol Pot stepped back from many of his roles in the movement. In 1998 the Khmer Rouge commander Ta Mok ... Conditions at the Viet Cong camp were basic and food scarce.[121] As Sihanouk's government cracked down on the movement in ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol_Pot

It is active and regulates (adjusts) what comes in and what goes out of the cell. The movement of substances across the ... In all cells, the cell membrane separates the cytoplasm inside the cell from its surroundings. Animal cells are contained in ... The cell membrane is a thin flexible layer around the cells of all living things. It is sometimes called the plasma membrane or ... They let some chemicals into the cell and let other chemicals leave the cell. It is estimated that up to a third of the human ...

https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_membrane

The] clave pattern has two opposing rhythm cells: the first cell consists of three strokes, or the rhythm cell, which is called ... sometimes have trouble locating the main beats and expressing them in movement. Hearing African music on recordings alone ... The second cell has two strokes and is called the two-side of the weak part of the clave. . . The different accent types in the ... Clave is the basic period, composed of two rhythmically opposed cells, one antecedent and the other consequent.[d][e] Clave was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)

The nerve cells responsible for reflexes are not always in the brain, but often in the spinal cord. This way, reflexes are ... A reflex or reflex action is an automatic and fast movement in response to a stimulus.[1] ... Nerve cells in the brain still get feedback that the reflex action occurred. And, of course, reflex actions involving sight and ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex_arc

... "satellite cells" which help to regenerate skeletal muscle fibers, and a decrease in sensitivity to or the availability of ... and is most commonly experienced when persons suffer temporary disabling circumstances such as being restricted in movement and ... accompanied by a smaller number and size of the muscle cells as well as lower protein content. In humans, prolonged periods of ... critical secreted growth factors which are necessary to maintain muscle mass and satellite cell survival. In addition to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_atrophy

... epidermal hair cells (trichomes), cells in the stomatal complex; guard cells and subsidiary cells. The epidermal cells are the ... Leaf movement like this may also increase turbulence of the air close to the surface of the leaf, which thins the boundary ... Cells that bring water and minerals from the roots into the leaf.. Phloem. Cells that usually move sap, with dissolved sucrose( ... Its cells contain many more chloroplasts than the spongy layer. Cylindrical cells, with the chloroplasts close to the walls of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauline

... dendritic cells and other cells including liver cells, fibroblasts, and adrenal gland cells.[93] Viral replication triggers ... "Monitoring Symptoms and Controlling Movement to Stop Spread of Ebola". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 27 ... doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.006. PMC 4243531. PMID 25417101.. *^ a b c d e f g h Kühl A, Pöhlmann S (September 2012). "How Ebola ... liver cells, and several types of immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells are the main targets of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

Because the cell acquiring a chloroplast already had mitochondria (and peroxisomes, and a cell membrane for secretion), the new ... The movement of so many chloroplast genes to the nucleus means that many chloroplast proteins that were supposed to be ... and therefore topologically outside of the cell, because to reach the chloroplast from the cytosol, you have to cross the cell ... "The Plant Cell. 12 (1): 53-64. doi:10.1105/tpc.12.1.53. PMC 140214. PMID 10634907.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast_DNA

Low operating voltages compatible with batteries of only a few cells.. *Circuits with greater energy efficiency are usually ... Nanofluidic transistor, controls the movement of ions through sub-microscopic, water-filled channels.[87] ... Solaristor (from solar cell transistor), a two-terminal gate-less self-powered phototransistor. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_transistor

The ecovillage movement emerged in part due to this concern.. Optimism and skepticism in the 21st century. This section mainly ... In medicine, this era brought innovations such as open-heart surgery and later stem cell therapy along with new medications and ... Technoscience and Environmental Justice: Expert Cultures in a Grassroots Movement. MIT Press. pp. 1-18. ISBN 978-0262015790.. ... Technoscience and Environmental Justice: Expert Cultures in a Grassroots Movement. MIT Press. pp. 229-48. ISBN 978-0262015790. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological

The skin consists of a thin outer epidermis with mucous cells and sensory cells, and a connective tissue dermis consisting ... I. Biomechanics of the octopus reaching movement". J. Neurophysiol. 94 (2): 1443-58. doi:10.1152/jn.00684.2004. PMID 15829594. ... Other colour-changing cells are reflective iridophores and white leucophores.[93] This colour-changing ability is also used to ... The lens is suspended behind the pupil and photoreceptive retinal cells cover the back of the eye. The pupil can be adjusted in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopoda

In his speech he used words such as "cell" and "metabolism" in relation to urban design. The Metabolist movement grew out of ... Findling, John E.; Pelle, Kimberly D. (2004). Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 172.. ... Tange was also an influential patron of the Metabolist movement. He said: "It was, I believe, around 1959 or at the beginning ... would facilitate the movement of up to 2.5 million people along the axis, which would be divided into vertebrae-like cyclical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenzo_Tange

The movement is facilitated by modern global information science, which allows as much of the available evidence as possible to ... discovered by Paul Ehrlich in 1908 after he observed that bacteria took up toxic dyes that human cells did not. The first major ... Evidence-based medicine is a contemporary movement to establish the most effective algorithms of practice (ways of doing things ... The Cochrane Collaboration leads this movement. A 2001 review of 160 Cochrane systematic reviews revealed that, according to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical

Several cells may live together, forming filaments (or colonies). Andres 09:28, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC). *If someone knows more (or ... Only those parts that stick out and are used for movement are tapered as far as can tell. Narayanese (talk) 08:38, 13 February ... In a colony, a term quite loosely defined, the cells are stuck together due to the extracellular polysacharides, whereas in ... the nitrogen-fixing protein complex may be packaged into specialized cells called heterocysts." Aren't bacteria single-celled? ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Cyanobacteria

"The Resurrection of Cell and Frieza" / "The Villains Of Hell!! The Revival of Cell and Frieza". Transcription: "Jigoku no ... he can perfectly sense the one-star dragon's movements. The dragon can't even land a punch. Goku fires a Kamehameha wave at the ... Cell and Frieza show up, and now that he's trapped in hell, he has no choice but to fight them. ... He says that there is a single cell on the chest of the robot, and that hitting it with simultaneous blasts from the inside and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Dragon_Ball_GT_episodes

The diary was historically very influential, particularly to the modern Christian missionary movement.[4][5] ... Friedrich Miescher Swiss biochemist, noted for discovery of nucleic acids in cell nucleus (1844-1895) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tuberculosis_victims

... ocular movements, or speech, impaired movement, impaired motor planning, or shaking.[30][32] ... The spirochetes may also induce host cells to secrete quinolinic acid, which stimulates the NMDA receptor on nerve cells, which ... However, PCR tests are susceptible to false positive results, e.g. by detection of debris of dead Borrelia cells or specimen ... 2010). "Chapter 6, Structure, Function and Biogenesis of the Borrelia Cell Envelope". Borrelia: Molecular Biology, Host ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

... but Christ and the Virgin Mary appear to him in his cell.[48][54] He tells them he is imprisoned "for loving you"[48] and they ... due to the prominent role women played in the early Christian movement,[22] rather than Greco-Roman paganism or the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Nicholas

The mesoderm-derived epithelial cells of the sex cords in developing testes become the Sertoli cells, which will function to ... MIH and androgens cooperate to allow for movement of testes into the scrotum. ... These are Leydig cells. Soon after they differentiate, Leydig cells begin to produce androgens. ... Dihydrotestosterone increased the number of BrdU cells, while flutamide inhibited these cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen

Anaplastic cells have lost total control of their normal functions and many have deteriorated cell structures. Anaplastic cells ... Cerebellum: Tumors in this area may cause poor balance, muscle movement, and posture.[citation needed] ... Necrotic cells send the wrong chemical signals which prevent phagocytes from disposing of the dead cells, leading to a buildup ... Glial cells such as Schwann cells in the periphery or, within the cord itself, oligodendrocytes, wrap themselves around the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_tumors

The term bowel movement(s) (with each movement a defecation event) is also common in health care. ... A combination of bile and bilirubin, which comes from dead red blood cells, gives feces the typical brown color.[1][2] ... and the body starts expelling bilirubin from dead red blood cells, its matter acquires the familiar brown color.[2] ... and the dead epithelial cells from the lining of the gut.[1] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turd

Sudden, irregular body movements that can be violent. Common. Common. 1 year of age and onwards. Depending on severity can lead ... Molecular genetic testing on a blood specimen or cells from a cheek swab is available to identify mutations in the RSK2 gene. ... The protein is involved in cell signaling pathways that are required for learning, the formation of long-term memories, and the ... There is some experimental evidence that RSK2 regulates synaptic transmission and plasticity in neuronal cell types.[3] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffin–Lowry_syndrome

Electrolysis cells can be either open cell or closed cell. In open cell systems, the electrolysis products, which are gaseous, ... the anti-nuclear movement was labeling nuclear power plants as dangerous and getting them closed, people had in mind the ... the power input to the cell was equal to the calculated power leaving the cell within measurement accuracy, and the cell ... Groups that did report successes found that some of their cells were producing the effect, while other cells that were built ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_fusion

Odontocetes, such as the sperm whale, possess teeth with cementum cells overlying dentine cells. Unlike human teeth, which are ... Flipper movement is continuous. Whales swim by moving their tail fin and lower body up and down, propelling themselves through ... they contain both rod and cone cells, meaning they can see in both dim and bright light, but they have far more rod cells than ... 11 May 2006). "Satellite-monitored movements of humpback whales in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean". Marine Ecology Progress ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale

"sickle cell disease". Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved 2016-11-11.. *^ MD, Kenneth R. Bridges. "How Does Sickle Cell Cause ... Some forms of albinism are also known to have symptoms that manifest themselves through rapid-eye movement, light sensitivity, ... Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease that causes deformed red blood cells with a rigid, crescent shape instead of the normal ... "Complications and Treatments , Sickle Cell Disease". CDC. Retrieved 2016-11-11.. *^ a b c d "Marfan Syndrome". National ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiotropic

While not actually capable of movement, it does allow for greater lung inflation, by taking the weight of the viscera off the ... Cell. 25 (4): 326-328. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2013.05.011. PMID 23725759.. ... and the ventilation cycle is not coordinated with the limb movements.[90] This is because they use their abdominal muscles to ... indicating that there may be mechanical interference between the limb movements and the breathing apparatus. Box turtles have ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptile

Compared to closed cell, Polyurethane foam insulation (R=5.5 to 6.5 per inch), cellulose has a lower R-value per inch, but is ... This reduces noise in 2 ways, it reduces the lateral movement of sheetrock and attenuates the passage of sound along cavities. ... The word cellulose comes from the French word cellule, for a living cell, and glucose, which is sugar. Building insulation is ... For example, recent studies have shown that air movement is the primary method by which excessive moisture can accumulate in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose_insulation

Timelapse video showing breast cancer cells in the lab responding and changing shape when they encounter other cells (right), ... Timelapse video showing breast cancer cells in the lab responding and changing shape when they encounter other cells (right), ... Cancer cells remove blindfold to spread. University of Reading. Journal. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Keywords. * ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/250307.php?from=485690

H. Gruler, Cell Movement Analysis in a Necrotactic Assay, Blood Cells 10: 107 (1984).Google Scholar ... Directed Movement Applied Electric Field Neural Crest Cell Polar Field Neurospora Crassa These keywords were added by machine ... H. Gruler, Cell Movement and Symmetry of the Cellular Environment, Z. Naturforsch. 43c: 754 (1988).Google Scholar ... Gruler H. (1991) Cell Movement and Automatic Control. In: Peliti L. (eds) Biologically Inspired Physics. NATO ASI Series ( ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-9483-0_20

The Information Science Branch explored and developed ways to track species locations using a standard cellular phone network. This technology provides more tracking data at a faster rate and lower cost than traditional satellite tracking systems. The initial implementation of this approach currently provides support for the California Condor recovery program and is being extended to include other critical species. These wildlife tracking datasets are crucial for understanding species ranges, seasonal migration patterns, habitat use, effects of habitat disturbance, and individual behavior patterns.. ...

https://www.usgs.gov/centers/fort/science/using-cell-technology-track-species-movement

Chemotactic cell movement during Dictyostelium development and gastrulation.. Dormann D1, Weijer CJ. ... Many developmental processes involve chemotactic cell movement up or down dynamic chemical gradients. Studies of the molecular ... when propagating waves of cAMP coordinate the chemotactic movement of tens of thousands of cells, resulting in multicellular ... Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16782325?dopt=Abstract

Cell Biol. 9, 276-286 (2007). [PubMed]. M. Bailly, Moving away from death: When caspase-11 meets cofilin. Nat. Cell Biol. 9, ... Thus, caspase 11 now appears to influence multiple inflammatory cell processes: cytokine secretion, apoptosis, and cell ... Caspases are well known for their roles in programmed cell death and for their roles in maturation of inflammatory cytokines. ... now show that caspase 11 also has a role in regulating actin dynamics that contributes to cell migration. Leukocytes deficient ...

https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/2007/376/tw74

... of human brain tumor cell movement along a small glass track. The assay, so far tested on the cells of 14 glioblastoma ... Cellular racetrack accurately clocks brain cancer cell movement. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Journal. Cell Reports. Funder. NIH/ ... of human brain tumor cell movement along a small glass "track." The assay, so far tested on the cells of 14 glioblastoma ... They tested PDGF to see if it would prime the glioblastoma cells for movement rather than growth by growing the glioblastoma ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-06/jhm-ca060716.php

PIP3, PIP2, and cell movement--similar messages, different meanings?. Insall RH1, Weiner OD. ... B) Spatial distribution of PI(4,5)P2, PI(3,4,5)P3, and actin polymerization in cells before stimulation and during chemotaxis, ... Actin filaments which extend toward the cell body are capped by various F-actin capping proteins. Immediately below the ... This ensures that newly nucleated filaments are always oriented toward the membrane and away from the cell body. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11740936?dopt=Abstract

Yi WulightLight controls cell movementliving cellsMax PlanckNational Institute of HealthNews & Featuresphotonicsphotonics.com ... A photoactivatable protein enables control of cell movement in living cells. Activation of Rac in the red circle led to ... we can now use light to control where and how cells move. This is quite valuable in studies where cell movement is the focus of ... Light Controls Cell Movement Photonics.com. Aug 2009 CHAPEL HILL, NC, Aug., 19, 2009 - One of the biggest challenges in ...

https://www.photonics.com/a39524/Light_Controls_Cell_Movement_

Yi WulightLight controls cell movementliving cellsMax PlanckNational Institutes of HealthNews & Featuresphotonicsphotonics.com ... A photoactivatable protein enables control of cell movement in living cells. Activation of Rac in the red circle led to ... we can now use light to control where and how cells move. This is quite valuable in studies where cell movement is the focus of ... "Because we first tested this new technology on a protein that initiates cell movement, ...

https://www.photonics.com/Articles/Light_Controls_Cell_Movement_/a39524

Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have discovered a new way in which nerve cells can control movement. In a study ... Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have discovered a new way in which nerve cells can control movement. In a study ... This is where the neurons transfer signal substances that can be taken up by the muscle cells to make them contract. ... The researchers believe that this is to control movements better.. Related Stories. *Blood-clotting factor may cause ...

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20181003/Researchers-discover-how-nerve-cells-control-movement.aspx

Cell-to-Cell Movement of GFP-Tagged BYV.. As illustrated in Fig. 1A, the GFP ORF was engineered downstream of the subgenomic ... Cell-to-cell movement of the GFP-expressing BYV (BYV-GFP) and its mutant variant lacking most of the HSP70h ORF (BYV-GFP-ΔXho) ... HSP70 homolog functions in cell-to-cell movement of a plant virus. Valery V. Peremyslov, Yuka Hagiwara, and Valerian V. Dolja ... One is the CI protein from potyviruses that is involved in RNA replication and in cell-to-cell movement (38, 42). Another is a ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/96/26/14771?ijkey=a4d870dbb94a4aa18044a26753ad0944d43b2a5f&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Science.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/269/5220/30

The findings deepen the understanding of how cells initiate movement, and have implications for conditions dependent on cell ... A new multi-disciplinary study at Penn illuminates a crucial step in the process of cell movement. The protein they examined, ... Exo70, induces a reshaping of the cells plasma membrane, a necessary step in how a cell migrates from one location to another ... underscoring the importance of the molecule in helping cells make directed movements. ...

http://www.sas.upenn.edu/news/sas-team-discovers-protein-needed-cell-movement

You will have all the basic imformation about the movement of fluid in cells. There will be a lot of information about ... Fluid Movement in Cells. You will have all the basic imformation about the movement of fluid in cells. There will be a lot of ...

https://prezi.com/pdrtfm1ljdgi/fluid-movement-in-cells/

J Cell Sci 2017 130: 3809-3817; doi: 10.1242/jcs.206532. Interkinetic nuclear migration and basal tethering facilitates post- ... TFCP2L1 represses multiple lineage commitment of mouse embryonic stem cells through MTA1 and LEF1. Kuisheng Liu, Yan Zhang, ... Our new special issue is packed with articles that use mathematical and physical approaches to gain insights into cell and ...

http://dev.biologists.org/content/82/Supplement/115

It is well known that in these processes cell movements can be guided by gradients of various chemical signals. In this study, ... Directional cell locomotion is critical in many physiological processes, including morphogenesis, the immune response, and ... In this study, we demonstrate that cell movement can also be guided by purely physical interactions at the cell-substrate ... Cell movement is guided by the rigidity of the substrate Biophys J. 2000 Jul;79(1):144-52. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76279-5. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10866943/?dopt=Abstract

These researchers have made a sensational finding in cell biology. Adrian Drazic, Henriette Aksnes and Michaël Marie from ... Putting a break on cell movement. These researchers have made a sensational finding in cell biology. Adrian Drazic, Henriette ... For cell biologists, actin is important to study because it forms fibres that give the cells shape and the structure that ... The NAA80-lacking cells were always faster. The absence of this enzyme that modifies actin caused cells to move faster than ...

https://www.uib.no/en/biomedisin/116016/putting-break-cell-movement

Hes the robbery suspect in Florida who says that cell phone location data could help him prove his innocence. However, his ... Its obviously not because they think it would be creepy to track the movements of every cell phone user in the country. Right ... Remember Terrance Brown? Hes the robbery suspect in Florida who says that cell phone location data could help him prove his ...

https://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2013/06/nsa-claims-it-doesnt-track-movements-cell-phone-users/

Scientists at The University of Manchester have identified the method by which cells control the recycling of molecules, a ... By studying the movement of fibroblast cells using sophisticated imaging techniques, Dr Morgan and the team identified the role ... The next step will be to investigate how Syndecan-4 can be manipulated to control cell movement with a view to developing novel ... Once they have been used by the cell, integrins are moved from the surface to a store inside the cell. When the time is right ...

https://www.nanowerk.com/news2/biotech/newsid=29308.php

Cells that form facial features need surrounding embryonic tissues to stiffen so they can move and develop, according to new ... the tissue holding the NC cells stiffens and becomes denser with cells which triggers the cells orchestrated movement. ... "Weve known that cell movement is essential for many processes in the body including the formation of embryos and cancer spread ... that the mechanical properties of the environment surrounding embryonic cells has been shown to be crucial in cell movement and ...

https://phys.org/news/2018-02-tissue-mechanics-essential-cell-movement.html

Put an end to tedious and time-wasting manual cell counting. The cost of consumables for automated cell counters is a common ... No more excuses for counting cells manually. Now that there is a cell counter with a reusable slide, it is surprisingly ... We have started a movement to show lab managers everywhere that with affordable options available, "too expensive" is no longer ... With a reusable slide, almost any lab can now afford to put an end to manual cell counting. ...

https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/products-and-services/promotions/movement-against-manual-cell-counting.html

Development of Spinal Connections that Control Movement. Samuel L. Pfaff, PhD. Investigator, HHMI Professor, Gene Expression ... Cell Biology Seminar. April 2, 2019 , 10:30 am-12:00 pm iCAL ...

https://www.mcw.edu/events/cell-biology-seminar-april-2

"Cell Movement" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Cell Movement" was a major or minor topic of these ... The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM ... "Cell Movement" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Cell Movement" by people in Profiles. ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Cell%20Movement

What begins as a disordered, chaotic motion changes into an orderly movement. As this happens the cells also change from a ... Finding sheds new light into mysterious process of cell movement during development. 15.08.2002 ... By labeling the nerve cells with fluorescent protein, the biologists determined that the trilobite cells moved much slower and ... the researchers report the discovery that a single protein facilitates the movements of cells within the developing embryo of ...

http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/life-sciences/report-12095.html

... like simple body movements, the beating of the heart or movement of the wind, into electricity, using zinc oxide (ZnO) ... A microbial fuel cell (MFC) that operates on plant waste has been developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). ... "Quite simply, this technology can be used to generate energy under any circumstances as long as there is movement," said Wang. ... The process of generating energy from movement made the researchers to conclude that it was most effective to develop a method ...

http://www.medindia.net/news/Now-Body-Movements-Will-Charge-Your-IPods-Cell-Phones-49264-1.htm

A protein that determines how well cells can move and spread could provide a new target for drug designers who want to prevent ... Home » Study: Cancer Cell Proteins Join Forces to Achieve Movement. Looking to read the full article? Subscribe to BioWorld ... Study: Cancer Cell Proteins Join Forces to Achieve Movement. October 24, 2012 ... LONDON - A protein that determines how well cells can move and spread could provide a new target for drug designers who want to ...

https://www.bioworld.com/articles/341258-study-cancer-cell-proteins-join-forces-to-achieve-movement?v=preview

Purdue-based startup measures movement in cells to improve cancer drug development. ... There are differences in how cells respond to drugs in a three-dimensional environment, which means the results that occur in ... "Our technology can measure a cancer tumors response to cancer therapy, such as metabolism and cell division. This can tell how ... "It breaks down the changes into different frequencies, and we can tell how a cells membranes, mitochondria, nucleus and even ...

https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2014/Q4/purdue-based-startup-measures-movement-in-cells-to-improve-cancer-drug-development.html

... in cells of length 3.5 μm (average of all cells), 2.4 μm (SW cells), 2.7 μm (ST cells), and 3.9 μm (PD cells). We divided the ... After the ST cell develops into a PD cell, PleC localizes to the new flagellar pole. The PD cell divides to yield a SW cell and ... Each Caulobacter cell division produces a pair of distinct daughter cells (Fig. 1): a motile swarmer (SW) cell with a single ... ST cells are unpinched and lack polarly localized PleC-EYFP. PD cells are longer than SW cells, are curved, possess a pinched ...

http://www.pnas.org/content/101/45/15921

Coupling to actin flow supports directional transport of virus particles during entry and cell-cell transmission, and local ... and how they spread from cell to cell and cause systemic infections, is incompletely understood. Recent advances from single ... discuss how viruses take advantage of cellular mechanisms that normally drive the movements of proteins and lipids on the cell ... virus tracking experiments have revealed conserved patterns of virus movements on the plasma membrane, including diffusive ...

https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1000621

H. Gruler and R. Nuccitelli, Neural Crest Cell Galvanotaxis: New Data and Novel Approach to the Analysis of Both Galvanotaxis and Chemotaxis, Cell Motility and Cytoskeleton, 19: (1991). (springer.com)
C. A. Erickson and R. Nuccitelli, Embryonic Fibroblast Motility and Orientation Can Be Influenced by Physiological Electric Fields, J. Cell Biol. (springer.com)
She saw this in cell-motility assays, a method that measures how quickly cells move in a culture dish. (uib.no)
This means that that the acetylation of actin acts like a break - slowing down cell motility", summarizes Aksnes. (uib.no)
The transmembrane histidine kinase PleC regulates polar organelle formation, motility, and asymmetric cell division in Caulobacter ( 16 ). (pnas.org)
MicroRNA-124 suppresses breast cancer cell growth and motility by targeting CD151. (labome.org)
Angiomotin (Amot), the founding member of the Motin family, is involved in angiogenesis by regulating endothelial cell motility, and is required for visceral endoderm movement in mice. (uniprot.org)
When Spudich set up his own lab in 1971 (UCSF), he embarked on two quests: to establish a way to study movement in a test tube and to explore nonmuscle motility. (laskerfoundation.org)
Surprisingly, expression of the Mg 2+ transporter SLC41A2 (solute carrier family 41 member 2) is also effective in restoring the change in cell morphology, disruption of the cytoskeleton and directional cell motility caused by depletion of the channel-kinase. (biochemj.org)
Many talks at this year's joint spring meeting of the British Societies for Cell and Developmental Biology revealed the importance of regulators of cytoskeleton and signaling events, leading to rearrangement of the cytoskeletal architecture, for a number of cellular processes including morphogenesis, endocytosis and cell motility. (biomedcentral.com)
Schultz explains that quicker cell motility has an impact on wound healing - the faster cells arrive at the site of injury, the sooner the repair work can start. (labroots.com)
Marian Blanca Ramírez from the CSIC in Spain has been studying the effects of LRRK2, a protein associated with Parkinson's disease, on cell motility. (biologists.org)

Further and larger studies are need to confirm the assay's ability to determine the behavior of these cells, he cautions, but the research is a significant step because cell migration rates -- and survival time -- cannot be predicted using available genetic- or protein-based tests designed to predict treatment response. (eurekalert.org)
Recent breakthroughs have uncovered how different cellular proteins are turned 'on' or 'off' at the molecular level, but much remains to be understood about how protein signaling influences cell behavior. (photonics.com)
A new technique developed by Dr. Klaus Hahn and his colleagues uses light to manipulate the activity of a protein at precise times and places within a living cell, providing a new tool for scientists who study the fundamentals of protein function. (photonics.com)
A photoactivatable protein enables control of cell movement in living cells. (photonics.com)
Hahn, who is the Thurman professor of Pharmacology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a member of UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, described the technique (published in Nature ), which uses light to control protein behavior in cells and animals simply by shining light on the cells where they want the protein to be active. (photonics.com)
The technology has exciting applications in basic research - in many cases the same protein can be either cancer-producing or beneficial, depending on where in a cell it is activated. (photonics.com)
Because we first tested this new technology on a protein that initiates cell movement, we can now use light to control where and how cells move. (photonics.com)
These results demonstrate that the virus-specific member of the HSP70 family of molecular chaperones functions in intercellular translocation and represents an additional type of a plant viral-movement protein. (pnas.org)
Different members of this family function in a variety of processes, such as cell recovery from stress, folding of nascent proteins, disassembly of oligomeric protein complexes, protein import into endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria, transport of receptors, etc. ( 2 - 4 ). (pnas.org)
Since the original discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus movement protein (MP) ( 25 ), proteins potentiating this process have been identified in diverse groups of plant viruses (for recent reviews see refs. (pnas.org)
The protein they examined, Exo70, induces a reshaping of the cell's plasma membrane, a necessary step in how a cell migrates from one location to another. (upenn.edu)
Previous research on cell migration had focused on actin, a protein that forms filaments and branches and is known to play a role in a variety of activities, including those that involve remodeling a cell's shape. (upenn.edu)
Actin is the most abundant protein in our cells. (uib.no)
Changing the biochemical properties of the protein means also changing the function of actin, the shape of actin fibres in the cells, and their ability to move. (uib.no)
Writing in the August issue of the scientific journal Nature Cell Biology, the researchers report the discovery that a single protein facilitates the movements of cells within the developing embryo of the zebrafish, a small fish that has become an important animal model for studying the development of vertebrates, animals with backbones. (innovations-report.com)
The researchers report that this protein plays an essential role in directing the migration of cells within the spherical egg to the head-tail axis where the body is beginning to take shape. (innovations-report.com)
They also found that disruption of the same protein inhibits the normal migration of nerve cells within the developing zebrafish brain, a type of motion found in human brain development. (innovations-report.com)
The same protein has previously been identified in the development of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, where it affects the orientation of cells that form the fly s wings and compound eyes. (innovations-report.com)
LONDON - A protein that determines how well cells can move and spread could provide a new target for drug designers who want to prevent metastasis of cancer cells. (bioworld.com)
Here, we track single copies of PleC labeled with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) in the membrane of live Caulobacter cells over a time scale of seconds. (pnas.org)
The PleC protein (gray dot) is localized to the flagellar pole of the SW cell. (pnas.org)
We used single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to observe the motion of PleC molecules tagged with the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) in living cells. (pnas.org)
A strain of Caulobacter expressing the inner membrane protein PleC fused to EYFP from the chromosome, under the control of the PleC promoter, was constructed to observe the location and movement of single PleC-EYFP molecules. (pnas.org)
A Burnham Institute study has identified a fragment of a protein that senses chemicals that induce a cell to move into the right direction. (innovations-report.com)
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (MPIB) have demonstrated that actin, the most abundant protein in higher developed cells, does not have the inbuilt potential to fold and instead requires special assistance to fold into its active state. (innovations-report.com)
Cells must gather this protein at their leading edge in order to move. (scitechdaily.com)
However, Cerione's lab uncovered a potentially important clue when it noticed that cancer cells gearing up to move would collect a protein called tissue transglutaminase (tTG) into clusters near the cell membrane. (scitechdaily.com)
But tTG is usually inactive, and we've been trying to understand how a cell gets this protein to the exact right place so that it can be activated to stimulate cell migration. (scitechdaily.com)
Then to try it in live cells, they chose a well-studied protein called epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), so they could confirm that their measurements were in line with all that was already known about the protein. (newswise.com)
The dynamics of EGFR in cells astounded them and their biology collaborators-they watched as the protein diffused across the membrane, found its way into tapering membrane projections, and sank into pits to be internalized by the cell. (newswise.com)
EGFR is the only protein they've tracked so far, but in theory, they could track any cell surface protein, and may be able to track proteins within cells too. (newswise.com)
Regulation of vascular endothelial cell polarization and migration by Hsp70/Hsp90-organizing protein. (labome.org)
A new study that confirms the role of a protein called PAK4 in the movement and growth of pancreatic cancer cells could help researchers find new ways to tackle the disease. (medindia.net)
PAK4 is found at particularly high levels in pancreatic cancer cells and this work forms part of a wider investigation into the precise role of this protein in cancer progression. (medindia.net)
From the analysis of the modified viral genomes, the Nb avirulence determinant was mapped in the PVX 25K gene coding for the 25-kDa movement protein. (apsnet.org)
Transient co-expression of the avirulent 25K gene with the β-glucuronidase ( GUS ) reporter gene introduced by particle bombardment in resistant and susceptible potato cells confirmed that the elicitor activity provided by the 25-kDa protein did not require other PVX-encoded proteins. (apsnet.org)
To study cellular events associated with the Nb response, the 25-kDa proteins of PVX strains ROTH1 and UK3 were tagged with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) so that the dynamics of the subcellular distribution of the 25KGFP fusion proteins could be followed in living potato epidermal cells by laser scanning confocal microscopy. (apsnet.org)
As a kinase, the protein has been linked to the control of actomyosin contractility, whereas the channel has been found to regulate cell adhesion as well as cellular Mg 2+ homoeostasis. (biochemj.org)
Researchers at the University of North Carolina and the National Institutes for Health have defined the role of the protein vinculin in enabling cell movement. (healthcanal.com)
In a paper published in the Journal of Cell Biology, Sharon Campbell, PhD , professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics and member of UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Clare Waterman of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health, showed that cell mobility occurs through the interactions between the protein vinculin and the cytoskeletal lattice formed by the protein actin. (healthcanal.com)
So how important is this one protein, vinculin, in regulating cell movement? (healthcanal.com)
Studies with knockout models that deactivated vinculin show that the cell still can move without the protein, but the movement becomes more chaotic. (healthcanal.com)
The clarification of the role of vinculin helps refine understanding of cell movement, an enormously complex process involving multiple protein interactions. (healthcanal.com)
The nonmuscle motor protein myosin II is essential for maintenance of the cell morphology required for dorsal closure, as revealed by Daniel Kiehart (Duke University, Durham, USA). (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to its role in protein refolding, HSPB1 is involved in protein translation, intracellular reduction/oxidation state, cytoskeletal structure, cell differentiation, and apoptosis [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Expression of the movement protein of two bromoviruses in insect cells using a baculovirus expression system. (wur.nl)
Potexvirus cell-to-cell movement requires coat protein (CP) and movement proteins. (apsnet.org)
Here we describe the use of optical window chambers in combination with photobleaching, photoactivation, and photoswitching to quantitatively measure collective tumor cell movement, proliferation, and protein dynamics in squamous cell carcinoma cells within a tumor mass in vivo . (aacrjournals.org)
The protein E-Cadherin (E-Cad) is a kind of adhesive that keeps cells tightly bound together, thus favouring the organisation of tissues and organs. (healthcanal.com)
The researchers have published an article in Nature Communications in which they report that this protein is crucial for the coordinated movement of diverse cell types. (healthcanal.com)
A mutation in the central region of the helper component proteinase (HC-Pro), a TEV-encoded protein with previously described activities in aphid-mediated transmission and polyprotein processing, inactivated long-distance movement. (plantcell.org)
In the same way, the researchers could tell when T cells were near their prey -- a tumor -- because they could see the protein products of the reporter genes clustering there. (brightsurf.com)
However as the temperature increases the cell membrane will become more and more permeable because the heat will distort the protein shape and the cell membrane will allow more pigment to escape. (markedbyteachers.com)
A time-lapse video of moving intracellular bacteria was obtained by laser-scanning confocal microscopy of infected Vero cells synthesizing β-actin coupled to green fluorescent protein (GFP). (asm.org)
A protein called vinculin moves cylinder-like fingers to form a hand to which an arm extended by a protein partner called alpha-actinin can bind, according to St. Jude researchers As a cell moves forward, physical stress on its skeleton triggers molecular fingers and arms to grasp each other in reinforcing links that stabilize the skeleton, according to images produced by investigators at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. (anl.gov)
It was suggested that TMV recruited both the movement protein (MP) and replicase for cell-to-cell movement by unknown mechanisms. (asm.org)
The full-length RNA is used to produce 126-kDa and 183-kDa replicase proteins ( 14 ), while the 30-kDa movement protein (MP) and the 17.5-kDa coat protein are translated from 3′-coterminal subgenomic mRNAs ( 9 , 13 , 25 ). (asm.org)
Restin: a novel intermediate filament-associated protein highly expressed in the Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Immunodetection and far-western blotting showed blue light excites phototropin 1 and phototropin 2, causing protein phosphatase 1 to begin a phosphorylation cascade, which activates H+-ATPase, a pump responsible for pumping H+ ions out of the cell. (wikipedia.org)

Actin filaments which extend toward the cell body are capped by various F-actin capping proteins. (nih.gov)
His lab looked to exocytosis, or the organized process by which cells carry proteins to the membrane in vesicles and then release important molecules such as hormones and neurotransmitters to travel elsewhere in the body. (upenn.edu)
Exo70 proteins that were mutated so they couldn't form oligomers were unable to effectively migrate, the researchers discovered, underscoring the importance of the molecule in helping cells make directed movements. (upenn.edu)
The inner membranes of bacterial cells contain proteins required for a wide variety of functions, including energy generation, solute transport, signaling, proteolysis, polar morphogenesis, chemotaxis, and cell division ( 1 - 3 ). (pnas.org)
Measurements of D for membrane proteins in eukaryotic cells, using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) ( 8 ), single gold bead tracking ( 9 - 11 ), and single-molecule tracking techniques ( 12 , 13 ), have yielded values ranging from 5 × 10 -3 to 500 × 10 -3 μm 2 /s. (pnas.org)
Proteins must be folded correctly to fulfill their molecular functions in cells. (innovations-report.com)
Working with developing Xenopus mesoderm, Shindo and Wallingford (p. 649 ) found that planar cell polarity proteins and septins interface with the actomyosin machinery to control collective cell movement. (sciencemag.org)
We report here that planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins control convergent extension by exploiting an evolutionarily ancient function of the septin cytoskeleton. (sciencemag.org)
By directing septin-mediated compartmentalization of cortical actomyosin, PCP proteins coordinate the specific shortening of mesenchymal cell-cell contacts, which in turn powers cell interdigitation. (sciencemag.org)
While observing breast cancers cells in culture, researchers at Cornell University identified two key proteins, Hsp70 and tTG, that are responsible for cell migration. (scitechdaily.com)
Researchers have identified two key proteins that are needed to get cells moving and have uncovered a new pathway that treatments could block to immobilize mutant cells and keep cancer from spreading, said Richard Cerione, Goldwin Smith Professor of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology at Cornell's College of Veterinary Medicine. (scitechdaily.com)
Observing breast cancer cells in culture, Cerione's lab found a missing link in our understanding of cell migration: Cancerous cells become hyperactive invasion vehicles by using tTG together with other proteins like wheels, poking them through the surface to form a "leading edge" that pulls the cell forward. (scitechdaily.com)
We've known for years that Hsp70 acts as a chaperone to other proteins, ensuring that they assume the right structure and behave properly when a cell is under stress," said Cerione. (scitechdaily.com)
When cells become stressed, Hsp70 influences the behavior of their "client" proteins, ensuring they keep the right shape. (scitechdaily.com)
Cells need chaperones like Hsp70 to ensure that various proteins work correctly and don't warp, but these same chaperones can help cancer cells spread by helping move tTG to the membrane surface. (scitechdaily.com)
Interferometric Scattering Microscopy (iSCAT) enables fast 3D tracking of individual gold nanoparticle-labelled proteins upon the dynamic terrain of the live cell membrane. (newswise.com)
They can also combine iSCAT with live cell fluorescence microscopy, which allows them to follow single proteins while also visualizing cell parts that might be influencing the way the proteins move, like the cell's scaffolding. (newswise.com)
The team also studied what happened when PAK4 was removed from the cells, using an RNA silencing technology that can prevent production of specific proteins. (medindia.net)
The team is also planning further research to find out more about why pancreatic cancer cells rely on PAK4 and what other proteins and pathways PAK4 is interacting with to drive cell growth and migration. (medindia.net)
The 2012 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award honors three scientists for their discoveries concerning cytoskeletal motor proteins, machines that move cargoes within cells, contract muscles, and enable cell movements. (laskerfoundation.org)
they had proposed that these proteins power intracellular movements, yet little was understood about the processes. (laskerfoundation.org)
The physical relationship between these two proteins may impact Ncad adhesion, as loss of either Pcdh19 or Ncad eliminates calcium-dependent cell aggregation in vitro, despite the fact that Pcdh19 does not exhibit intrinsic adhesive activity on its own. (rupress.org)
Transport of viruses from cell to cell in plants typically involves one or more viral proteins that supply dedicated movement functions. (plantcell.org)
Furthermore, there are some large organic anions (negative in charge), related to proteins, which exist in higher concentration inside the cell. (cerebromente.org.br)
The picture above shows a close up view of a cell membrane, cell membranes are made up of fat molecules, or to be more specific phospholipid molecules with various large intrinsic and extrinsic, globular proteins suspended in them. (markedbyteachers.com)
The aim of this experiment is to see the effect of temperature on cell membrane permeability, to help me get accurate results, am going to choose the temperatures- 0�C- no pigment should be released because at very cold temperatures the cell membrane phospholipid bi-layer and proteins should not be affected. (markedbyteachers.com)
Intracellular Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (serovar Typhimurium) occupies a Salmonella -containing vacuole (SCV) where bacterial effector proteins are secreted into the host cell using type III secretion systems (T3SS). (asm.org)
Serovar Typhimurium is a facultative intracellular pathogen that can actively invade nonphagocytic cells through the delivery of bacterial proteins, termed effectors, into the host cell cytosol using the type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) ( 19 ). (asm.org)
In many eucaryotic cells, the midzone of the mitotic spindle forms a distinct structure containing a specific set of proteins. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Guard cells contain phototropin proteins which are serine and threonine kinases with blue-light photoreceptor activity. (wikipedia.org)

RNA interference experiments confirmed that AIP1 was important for cell migration with membrane ruffling defective in the absence of AIP1 (ruffling was also defective in the caspase 11-deficient cells). (sciencemag.org)
This ensures that newly nucleated filaments are always oriented toward the membrane and away from the cell body. (nih.gov)
This asymmetry is regulated in part by the membrane-bound histidine kinase PleC, which localizes to one pole of the cell at specific times in the cell cycle. (pnas.org)
In addition to the expected molecules immobilized at one cell pole, we observed molecules moving throughout the cell membrane. (pnas.org)
Lindsey and Marc discovered that cells must gather tTG into a specific place in their membrane before they can move. (scitechdaily.com)
At the leading edge of a motile cell, this actin network is used to move the cell by prolonging and crosslinking existing filaments and thereby pushing the cell membrane forward. (biomedcentral.com)
We propose that GPA functions in erythroid cells to assist with the incorporation of large amounts of properly folded band 3 into the membrane within a limited time span during erythroid maturation. (portlandpress.com)
Chloride has an intermediate permeability and the organic anions have an almost zero permeability, i.e., in normal conditions they are not carried through the membrane, remaining in the cell´s interior. (cerebromente.org.br)
Thus there will be an equilibrium between electrical and chemical forces driving the movements of ions across the selectively permeable membrane and the concentrations become stable. (cerebromente.org.br)
found that the activating receptor NKp46 and the inhibitory receptor Ly49A exhibited dynamic movements in the plasma membrane that differed between educated and hyporesponsive NK cells. (sciencemag.org)
Although both receptors were generally restricted to membrane microdomains, NKp46 molecules spent less time in an individual microdomain and diffused faster on educated cells compared to hyporesponsive cells. (sciencemag.org)
Either disrupting the actin cytoskeleton or adding cholesterol to the cells prohibited activating signaling, suggesting that the dynamics of receptor movements within the cell membrane are critical for the proper activation of NK cells. (sciencemag.org)
How Temperature Affects the Movement of Pigment Through Cell Membranes Aim: To use beetroot to examine the effect of temperature on cell membranes and relate the effects observed to membrane structure. (markedbyteachers.com)
The pigment in beetroot cells lies within the cell vacuole and is called betalain, each vacuole is surrounded by a tonoplast membrane and outside it, the cytoplasm is surrounded by the plasma membrane, therefore the foundation of this experiment lies with the temperature at which the membranes will rupture and therefore leak the pigment. (markedbyteachers.com)
In terms of beetroot the purple pigment is contained within the cell membrane, if this membrane is disrupted the pigment will be released. (markedbyteachers.com)
So in theory a low temperature will not affect the permeability of the cell membrane and therefore no or little purple pigment will be able to diffuse and detected by the colorimeter. (markedbyteachers.com)
Along the edge of the skeleton, near the cell membrane, the alpha-actinin molecules do double duty. (anl.gov)
Integrins are long molecules that pierce the membrane, leaving one end inside the cell and the other end firmly attached to the outside surface along which the cell is moving, according to Tina Izard, Ph.D., an associate member of Hematology-Oncology at St. Jude and the paper's senior author. (anl.gov)
The protons want back in, but the inner membrane is impermeable to them, their only way through is through ATP synthase, which works a bit like a turbine, the movement of the protons across the membrane powers the formation of ATP. (thescienceforum.com)

This is quite valuable in studies where cell movement is the focus of the research, including embryonic development, nerve regeneration and cancer metastasis," he added. (photonics.com)
Cells that form facial features need surrounding embryonic tissues to stiffen so they can move and develop, according to new UCL-led research. (phys.org)
It is the first time that the mechanical properties of the environment surrounding embryonic cells has been shown to be crucial in cell movement and development, rather than genes or molecules. (phys.org)
During an early stage of development called gastrulation, the cells begin converging from all sides of the spherical egg to the embryonic axis where the body begins to form. (innovations-report.com)
From birth until death, our cells migrate: nerve cells make their vital connections, embryonic cells move to the proper places to form organs, immune cells zero in to destroy pathogenic organisms, and cancer cells metastasize, spreading deadly disease through the body. (innovations-report.com)
Now, using embryonic cells called ' neural crest cells ' (which are similar to cancer cells in term of their invasive behaviour) and placode cells which are the precursors for cranial nerves (the equivalent to healthy cells) researchers at UCL have started to unravel this process. (phys.org)
Recent cell lineage and knockout experiments have raised the possibility that pre-gastrulation movements of cells from the extra-embryonic visceral endoderm are important to determine where the future anterior and posterior of the embryo will develop. (europa.eu)
The dissociated early embryonic cells of the fresh water fish, Oryzias latipes, protrude hyaline lobopodia, which tend to rotate around the cell circumference in a propagating wave. (biologists.org)
IRB Barcelona researchers Kyra Campbell and Jordi Casanova have addressed this phenomenon in the development of the embryonic digestive system of the fly Drosophila melanogaster , a model that allows them to study cell migration in a growing organism. (healthcanal.com)
During vertebrate gastrulation, convergence and extension (C and E) of the primary anteroposterior (AP) embryonic axis is driven by polarized mediolateral (ML) cell intercalations and is influenced by AP axial patterning. (elifesciences.org)
Using this method on embryonic stem cells led to the development of transgenic mice with targeted genes knocked out. (wikipedia.org)
In recognition of their discovery of how homologous recombination can be used to introduce genetic modifications in mice through embryonic stem cells, Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies were awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. (wikipedia.org)

now show that caspase 11 also has a role in regulating actin dynamics that contributes to cell migration. (sciencemag.org)
Leukocytes deficient for caspase 11 were defective in cell migration in culture (transwell assays) and in vivo. (sciencemag.org)
Overexpression of a catalytically inactive caspase 11 restored migration to the AIP knockdown cells. (sciencemag.org)
Thus, caspase 11 now appears to influence multiple inflammatory cell processes: cytokine secretion, apoptosis, and cell migration. (sciencemag.org)
Caspase 11 promotes cell migration by participating in regulation of actin dynamics. (sciencemag.org)
In a report on the newly developed assay, published online June 9 in Cell Reports , the Johns Hopkins researchers say their "racetrack" test using chemically primed glioblastoma cells from different tumors removed surgically lets them visualize which cancers most quickly move, mimicking the initial migration that leads to brain cancer invasion. (eurekalert.org)
The findings deepen the understanding of how cells initiate movement, and have implications for conditions dependent on cell migration, including cancer. (upenn.edu)
For the study, published today in Nature , researchers from UCL and the University of Cambridge investigated the importance of mechanical cues in the collective migration of neural crest cells in frog embryos. (phys.org)
Tissue stiffening coordinates morphogenesis by triggering collective cell migration in vivo, Nature (2018). (phys.org)
Guided by this fragment, the molecular machinery needed for cell movement begins accumulating at the leading edge, or front of a cell in response to a variety of chemical messengers, and begins the directed process of migration. (innovations-report.com)
The finding is the first to determine the molecule responsible for internally choreographing directed cell migration. (innovations-report.com)
If we know its molecular structure, we hope to be able to make small chemicals that inhibit inappropriate cell migration, including the types seen in metastatic cancer cells. (innovations-report.com)
The ability of tumor cells to migrate has been viewed as a late event in tumorigenesis, where long-distance migration contributes to the process of metastasis. (sciencemag.org)
Different cells solve this challenge differently, which leads to differences in migration strategies. (nih.gov)
As collective cell migration is intimately involved in different aspects of metazoan development, molecular mechanisms underlying this process are being explored in a variety of developmental contexts. (biologists.org)
Border cell (BC) migration during Drosophila oogenesis has emerged as an excellent genetic model for studying collective cell migration. (biologists.org)
Metastasis (the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another) also relies on cell migration. (scitechdaily.com)
The scientific team from UCL, including the LCN, and the University of Cambridge investigated the importance of mechanical cues in the collective migration of neural crest cells in frog embryos. (london-nano.com)
These findings indicate HOP as a novel regulator of angiogenesis that functions through promoting vascular endothelial cell polarization and migration. (labome.org)
Inhibitory effect of NaV1.9 gene silencing on proliferation, phagocytosis and migration in RAW264.7 cells]. (labome.org)
05). In the stable NaV1.9-deficient cells we successfully constructed, proliferation, phagocytosis and migration were obviously inhibited. (labome.org)
These results elucidate the important role that ZNF580 plays in the process of migration and proliferation of endothelial cells, which provides a foundation for a novel approach to regulate angiogenesis. (labome.org)
Long M, Wu F, Li P, Liu M, Li X, Tang H. MicroRNA-10a targets CHL1 and promotes cell growth, migration and invasion in human cervical cancer cells. (labome.org)
Wnt3a can induce EMT, migration, and proliferation of HLE cells and may be a valuable therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of PCO. (labome.org)
Despite the well-characterized series of migration events, relatively little has been known about the cues directing plasma cell movements. (rupress.org)
It has been postulated that termination of cytokinesis (abscission) depends on the migration of a centriole to the intercellular bridge and then back to the cell center. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
I am interested in characterising whether the asymmetry of the apparent movements of visceral endoderma/ ce//s result from active cell migration, differential proliferation or cell rearrangements, based on time-lapse following of fluorescent labelled cells. (europa.eu)
and in the 'signaling' session, presentations about the integrin-mediated signaling that precedes cell migration and about signaling following intercellular interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
The development of the vertebrate nervous system is orchestrated through a complex interplay of cell-cell interactions that coordinate cell migration, morphology, and proliferation in a time- and place-appropriate manner. (rupress.org)
For cells to metastasize to distant sites they must undergo a number of phenotypic changes, including changes in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions, migration, and invasive capacity, but these have been difficult to monitor in vivo . (aacrjournals.org)
Cell migration is a common and necessary process for an embryo and also for the correct function of the adult organism. (healthcanal.com)
Cell migration is also of great biomedical relevance, and research into this phenomenon sheds light on how, for example, cancer metastasis and other processes such as wound healing and inflammation arise. (healthcanal.com)
Sébastien Tosi, Senior Research Officer with this facility, set up the programmes to monitor cells in vivo during their migration. (healthcanal.com)
A Travelling Fellowship from Journal of Cell Science allowed her to spend time in Prof Maddy Parson's lab at King's College London, learning new cell migration assays and analysing fibroblasts cultured from individuals with Parkinson's. (biologists.org)
Also, platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 has been shown to be involved in transendothelial migration of extravasating cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Biomedical engineering researchers at the University of Michigan documented this "slingshot migration," which is five times faster than any other previously documented type of cell movement. (sciseek.com)
We found that cells can move in this very distinct way that results in effective migration far faster than anything previously reported," said Brendon Baker, U-M assistant professor of biomedical engineering. (sciseek.com)
What was even more surprising was then capturing this migration mode in multiple cell types and finding that their speed was so much faster than traditional modes of cell migration. (sciseek.com)

In the present study we show that depletion of TRPM7 by RNA interference in fibroblasts alters cell morphology, the cytoskeleton, and the ability of cells to form lamellipodia and to execute polarized cell movements. (biochemj.org)
The results of the present study uncover an essential role for Mg 2+ in the control of TRPM7 over the cytoskeleton and its ability to regulate polarized cell movements. (biochemj.org)
By physically binding to the actin that makes up the cytoskeleton, vinculin operates as a form of molecular clutch transferring force and controlling cell motion. (healthcanal.com)
These adhesions can be thought of as wheels, taking the energy from the actin cytoskeleton and using it to move the whole cell across a substrate. (healthcanal.com)
The actin cytoskeleton of motile cells is a highly dynamic meshwork of actin filaments. (biomedcentral.com)
however, early morphogenetic movements were delayed, and the actin cytoskeleton network was abnormal. (luriechildrens.org)

Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers report they have developed an experimental laboratory test that accurately clocks the "speed" of human brain tumor cell movement along a small glass "track. (eurekalert.org)
The researchers designed the cell racetracks, which they described earlier in a 2012 PLOS Biology study , by engineering a glass slide with tiny plastic, parallel ridges going down its length. (eurekalert.org)
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have discovered a new way in which nerve cells can control movement. (news-medical.net)
The researchers believe that this is to control movements better. (news-medical.net)
These researchers have made a sensational finding in cell biology. (uib.no)
The researchers say it is likely that a similar mechanism is used by other cells involved in spreading cancer and wound healing. (phys.org)
In order to determine whether the neurons failure to migrate was due to factors within the cell or the extracellular environment, the researchers transplanted trilobite neurons in the brains of normal embryos and normal neurons in trilobite brains. (innovations-report.com)
With further study, the researchers determined that the neurons method of movement was similar to that of an amoeba: they extend their bodies in the direction they want to move and retract them from the opposite side. (innovations-report.com)
The researchers have described how it's possible to harvest energy from the environment by converting low-frequency vibrations, like simple body movements, the beating of the heart or movement of the wind, into electricity, using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires that conduct the electricity. (medindia.net)
The process of generating energy from movement made the researchers to conclude that it was most effective to develop a method that worked at low frequencies and was based on flexible materials. (medindia.net)
By better understanding how Hsp70 influences tTG, the researchers believe they can develop ways to modulate that interaction to immobilize cancer cells and keep them from becoming invasive. (scitechdaily.com)
By the mid 1900s, researchers had observed chromosome separation during cell division and discovered that material travels long distances within nerve cells, but existing methods could not untangle these processes. (laskerfoundation.org)
Freshly invigorated, the researchers returned to the effort of building an actin scaffold on glass - much as nature did in the Nitella cells - on which they could assemble the minimal components for movement. (laskerfoundation.org)
During one late night in the lab, the researchers also noticed that, when in clumps, the cells seemed to all contract at the same time. (sott.net)
The researchers solved this mystery by applying insights from separate research being conducted by Deepak Krishnamurthy, another graduate student in the Prakash lab, on how an individual cell can sense the movement of water around it. (sott.net)
Stem cells were encapsulated in a hydrogel, and then the researchers measured the changing interactions between cells as they moved through the gel. (labroots.com)
First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. (biologists.org)
A study led by researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine has for the first time demonstrated a way to visualize and monitor the behavior of immune cells used to treat cancer patients. (brightsurf.com)
The new technique allows researchers to see where immunotherapy cells go as they hunt down tumors in the human body. (brightsurf.com)
The ability to see whether T cells are attacking tumors is useful both for clinicians trying to learn if a treatment is working in an individual cancer patient and also for researchers trying to understand why immunotherapy doesn't always work. (brightsurf.com)
The researchers first engineered T cells to better recognize the patient's cancer cells. (brightsurf.com)
PET scans showing the T cells' locations tell researchers how many T cells have reached a tumor -- whether it's 6 million cells or 50 million -- and whether the cells are alive. (brightsurf.com)
One thing the new technique cannot do is tell researchers whether the T cells are actually attached to tumor cells. (brightsurf.com)
University of Michigan researchers observed the movement in bioengineered 3D scaffolds that model stromal tissue - the connective tissue that surrounds organs. (sciseek.com)
The researchers say this method of cell movement, observed for the first time, could be involved in the spread of cancer. (sciseek.com)
The researchers study cells in a 3D fibrous environment, which is closer to the real thing. (sciseek.com)
The researchers used a technique called X-ray crystallography to create these images, which help explain how alpha-actinin recruits vinculin to help it brace the cell's skeleton during the physically stressful process of cell movement. (anl.gov)
The discovery is important because without vinculin to reinforce its skeleton, the cell would move rapidly and randomly, making purposeful motion impossible, the researchers said. (anl.gov)
Therefore, discovering how cells direct their movements could help researchers better understand how embryos develop and how some cancers spread. (anl.gov)
Researchers have now learned that the gut microbiome assists gut neurons that control muscle movement in the colon. (labroots.com)
The researchers found that the presence of certain bacteria activates a gene called Ahr in intestinal nerve cells, which occurs during healthy peristalsis. (labroots.com)
Researchers have developed a way to selectively target certain cancer cells with CRISPR. (labroots.com)
Cancer researchers have long been searching for a way to target cancer cells while ignoring healthy cells. (labroots.com)

MiR-145 regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells by targeting Oct4. (labome.org)
Downregulation of transcription factor Oct4 induces an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via enhancement of Ca2+ influx in breast cancer cells. (labome.org)
To investigate the involvement of centrioles in cytokinesis, we monitored the movements of centrioles in three mammalian epithelial cell lines, HeLa, MCF 10A, and the p53-deficient mouse mammary tumor cell line KP-7.7, by time-lapse imaging. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Apical surfaces of epithelial cells are characterized by the presence of abundant F-actin-based microvilli. (biologists.org)
Harry Mellor (University of Bristol, UK) presented data on a new Rho-family GTPase, Rif (Rho in filopodia), which is found mainly in tissues containing epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Cadherin-based AJs provide the initial means of cell-cell contact and have key roles during the development and maintenance of epithelial polarity ( 1 , 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Since cervicovaginal fluid is acidic and HIV-1 in cervicovaginal fluid is likely coated with antibodies, they explored the effect of low pH and HIV-1-specific antibodies on transcytosis, the movement of HIV-1 across tight-junctioned epithelial cells. (medicalxpress.com)
Finally, staining of human tissue revealed abundant FcRn expression on columnar epithelial cells of penile urethra and endocervix. (medicalxpress.com)
A fluorescence-based assay indicated that wild-type serovar Typhimurium transferred from infected to uninfected epithelial cells while strains deficient in SPI-2 T3SS secretion or PipB2 did not. (asm.org)
The work we describe here shows that AhR, a molecule which is very important for the function of immune and epithelial cells in the gut, is also used by intestinal nerve cells to sense the presence of microbes and regulate peristalsis, and in doing so, promote healthy digestion,' explained co-lead study author Vassilis Pachnis, a group leader in the Development and Homeostasis of the Nervous System Laboratory at the Crick. (labroots.com)

R. Nuccitelli, Transcellular ion currents: Signals and effectors of cell polarity, Modern Cell Biology, 2: 451 (1983). (springer.com)
The research, published in the journal Developmental Cell , was co-led by graduate students Yuting Zhao and Jianglan Liu, both members of senior author Wei Guo 's lab in the Department of Biology . (upenn.edu)
We've known that cell movement is essential for many processes in the body including the formation of embryos and cancer spread, but until now, most effort has been put into understanding the molecular cues that drive movement, rather than the role the mechanical environment plays," explained study lead author, Professor Roberto Mayor (UCL Cell & Developmental Biology). (phys.org)
We hope it inspires others working in oncology and tissue engineering to explore the role of tissue mechanics in other important fields," concluded study first author Dr. Elias H Barriga (UCL Cell & Developmental Biology and the UCL London Centre for Nanotechnology). (phys.org)
The study, led by associate professor and Burnham Cancer Center Acting Director Kristiina Vuori, M.D., Ph.D., appears in the August issue of Nature Cell Biology. (innovations-report.com)
Published in Nature Cell Biology , the new study focuses on the process that occurs when cancer cells interact with healthy cells in order to migrate around the body during metastasis. (phys.org)
Dr Roberto Mayor, UCL Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and lead author of the research, said, "We use the analogy of the donkey and the carrot to explain this behaviour: the donkey follows the carrot, but the carrot moves away when approached by the donkey. (phys.org)
concluded study first author Dr Elias H Barriga (UCL Cell & Developmental Biology and the UCL London Centre for Nanotechnology). (london-nano.com)
There are many different ways of communication in biology but this is really a new kind of signaling between cells that we're trying to understand," said Arnold Mathijssen, a postdoctoral scholar in the Prakash lab and lead author of the paper. (sott.net)
A report on the 'Cell and Tissue Morphogenesis' Spring Meeting of the British Societies for Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK, 3-6 April, 2001. (biomedcentral.com)
We are now accepting submissions for our upcoming special issue on 'Reconstituting cell biology', guest edited by Manuel Théry. (biologists.org)

Asymptotic behavior of a singular transport equation modelling cell division. (aimsciences.org)
Furthermore, we analyze the model to obtain the behavior of two cell populations as time is closed to initial state and far into the future. (hindawi.com)
In the recent years, most of the researches on cell movement focused on the interaction of multiple cell populations, precise cell behavior, and the development of the mathematics modelling. (hindawi.com)
These data illuminate the interface between developmental signaling systems and the fundamental machinery of cell behavior and should provide insights into the etiology of human birth defects, such as spina bifida and congenital kidney cysts. (sciencemag.org)
The chasing behavior depends on the production of small chemical molecules by the placode cells that attracts neural crest cells toward them. (phys.org)
This thesis deals with different aspects of cell movement, focusing on two topics: Actin-dependent single cell movement and the collective moving behavior of myxobacteria. (univie.ac.at)
While this work focuses on the remodeling of synthetic scaffolds by human mesenchymal stem cells, the methods under development are expected to broaden our understanding of the interactions of cells and materials as well as testing how best to engineer cellular behavior for tissue regeneration applications and 3D cell culture protocols. (labroots.com)
Repetition of the scan provides a timeline of T cell behavior. (brightsurf.com)
The churchâ€™s history shows an oscillating behavior between movements and institutionality. (joelcomiskeygroup.com)
We recorded cell behavior by time-lapse cinemicroscopy and collected cell motion and cell shape data by computer-aided planimetry. (illinois.edu)
This work identified several components of Dictyostelium cell behavior which contribute to cell aggregation in this organism. (illinois.edu)

It is shown that chemotaxis, galvanotaxis, galvanotropism, contact guidance, etc., are functions of cells having a goal-seeking system which is an automatic controller having a closed-loop feedback system. (springer.com)
R. T. Tranquillo, D. A. Lauffenburger, and S. H. Zigmond, A Stochastic model for Leukocyte Random Mobility and Chemotaxis Based on Receptorbinding Fluctuations, J. Cell Biol. (springer.com)
E. L. Becker, H. J. Showell, P. H. Naccache, and R. Sha'afi, Enzymes in Granulocyte Movement: Preliminary Evidence for the Involvement of Na + , K + AT-Pase, in Leukocyte Chemotaxis, J. I. Gallin and P. G. Quie, eds. (springer.com)
Recent experiments show that chemotaxis, especially in response to members of the FGF, PDGF and VEGF families of growth factors, plays a key role in the guidance of mesoderm cells during gastrulation in chick, mouse and frog embryos. (nih.gov)
B) Spatial distribution of PI(4,5)P 2 , PI(3,4,5)P 3 , and actin polymerization in cells before stimulation and during chemotaxis, as revealed by GFP-tagged PH domains and phalloidin. (nih.gov)

Cell motions continue to be disordered and do not develop the same sense of direction and purpose in the mutant as they do in normal embryos. (innovations-report.com)
But Chandrasekhar and his Missouri team discovered that this movement does not take place in trilobite embryos. (innovations-report.com)
The sculpting of embryos during development involves coordinated movement of cells in large groups. (sciencemag.org)
Despite our understanding of actomyosin function in individual migrating cells, we know little about the mechanisms by which actomyosin drives collective cell movement in vertebrate embryos. (sciencemag.org)
Most adult cells stay stationary, but the ability for some to move helps embryos develop, wounds heal and immune responses mobilize. (scitechdaily.com)
Knockdown of amotl2 expression delays epiboly and impairs convergence and extension movement, and amotl2-deficient cells in mosaic embryos fail to migrate properly. (uniprot.org)
These data provide the first evidence that amotl2 is essential for cell movements in vertebrate embryos. (uniprot.org)
To gain insight into cell behaviour during the implantation period, which cannot be reproduced in vitro, the general approach proposed here consists of labelling cells before implantation, at the blastocyst stage, and monitoring their distribution after implantation, in cultures of embryos between days 5.5 and 6.5. (europa.eu)
Embryos that are morphant for pcdh19 exhibit severely disrupted brain morphology, which is caused at least in part by a defect in cell movements in the anterior neural plate. (rupress.org)
In this study, we show that Pcdh19 and Ncad act in concert to coordinate cell movements during neurulation of the anterior neural plate in zebrafish embryos. (rupress.org)
Developing Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) seeds and embryos represent a complex set of cell layers and tissues that mediate the transport and partitioning of carbohydrates, amino acids, hormones, and signaling molecules from the terminal end of the funicular phloem to and between these seed tissues and eventually to the growing embryo. (plantphysiol.org)

They modified the stiffness of the embryo tissues using actin and myosin - the same molecules used for muscle contraction - and found the hardness at which NC cells migrate. (phys.org)
We've found a new link between two previously unconnected processes - the thickening and hardening of tissues and the movement of cells . (phys.org)
Nolte and John Turek, the company's executive vice president and chief financial officer, created technology that uses holography and lasers to study a cell's phenotype, or the observable traits that result from how cells in tissues interact with their environment. (purdue.edu)
Modeling cell movement in anisotropic and heterogeneous network tissues. (aimsciences.org)
Mathematical analysis of a kinetic model for cell movement in network tissues. (aimsciences.org)
Cell movement within three-dimensional tissues is a cycling multistep process that requires the integration of complex biochemical and biophysical cell functions. (nih.gov)
We describe central aspects of amoeboid movement in leukocytes and the implications for leukocyte crawling and positioning strategies within interstitial tissues. (nih.gov)
Cancer cells must prepare for travel before invading new tissues, but new Cornell research has found a possible way to stop these cells from ever hitting the road. (scitechdaily.com)
How exactly cancer cells migrate and invade tissues continues to be a mystery. (scitechdaily.com)
Hydrogels can mimic a variety of tissues and can be specialized to replicate various properties of different cells. (labroots.com)
Cell death was found in anterior tissues of npc1 morphants at later stages, consistent with findings in mammals. (luriechildrens.org)

Our results suggest that Pcdh19 and Ncad function together to regulate cell adhesion and to mediate morphogenetic movements during brain development. (rupress.org)
Aggregation patterns in Dictyostelium involve morphogenetic movements of up to 10$\sp{6}$ amebae. (illinois.edu)

In addition, the presence of Exo70 in cells led to the creation of protrusions on the membranes. (upenn.edu)
It breaks down the changes into different frequencies, and we can tell how a cell's membranes, mitochondria, nucleus and even cell division respond to drugs. (purdue.edu)
Is the Subject Area "Cell membranes" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
A ll cells in the human body are characterized by having a net electrical charge across its membranes. (cerebromente.org.br)
Movement in and out of cells Helen Moth The cell membranes main function is to serve as a boundary between the cell and it's environment. (markedbyteachers.com)
Transport across cell membranes - Active Transport Requires. (coursehero.com)

A multiscale model for glioma spread including cell-tissue interactions and proliferation. (aimsciences.org)
The authors based their model on metastatic tumors, where histopathology suggests that cell proliferation is greater at the edge of a lesion compared with its center. (sciencemag.org)
BMP2 promotes proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via mTORC1 pathway. (labome.org)
In conclusion, our results suggest that BMP2 overexpression in NPC enhances proliferation, invasion and EMT of tumor cells through the mTORC1 signaling pathway. (labome.org)
Our analysis shows that NSCs derived from the SVZ of HU mice had shown a reduced proliferation capability and an altered cell cycle. (frontiersin.org)

Many developmental processes involve chemotactic cell movement up or down dynamic chemical gradients. (nih.gov)
Our new special issue is packed with articles that use mathematical and physical approaches to gain insights into cell and tissue patterning, morphogenesis and dynamics, and that provide a physical framework to capture these processes operating across scales. (biologists.org)
Directional cell locomotion is critical in many physiological processes, including morphogenesis, the immune response, and wound healing. (nih.gov)
It is well known that in these processes cell movements can be guided by gradients of various chemical signals. (nih.gov)
We conclude that changes in tissue rigidity and strain could play an important controlling role in a number of normal and pathological processes involving cell locomotion. (nih.gov)
At certain times and places they need to bind strongly, whereas at other points they need to bind more weakly, and only when these processes are regulated appropriately can a cell migrate properly. (nanowerk.com)
Biologists at Vanderbilt and the University of Missouri have uncovered what could be a major clue into the mysterious molecular processes that direct cells to the correct locations within a developing embryo. (innovations-report.com)
This can impact cell processes such as organ development. (healthcanal.com)
If we are ever to use stem cells in therapeutics and regenerative medicine, there must be a complete understanding of their processes and properties. (labroots.com)
We investigated some cell processes which may contribute to cell aggregation patterns in the social ameba Dictyostelium discoideum. (illinois.edu)
Early methods to target genes to certain sites within a genome of an organism (called gene targeting) relied on homologous recombination (HR). By creating DNA constructs that contain a template that matches the targeted genome sequence it is possible that the HR processes within the cell will insert the construct at the desired location. (wikipedia.org)

It will also be important to test whether this mechanism is involved in tumour progression and metastasis as disruptions in cell movement are often seen in cancer, as well as in vascular disorders and chronic inflammatory disease. (nanowerk.com)
A metastasis map of human cancer cell lines. (harvard.edu)
Our findings highlight an important role of miR-124 in the regulation of invasion and metastasis by breast cancer cells and suggest a potential application for miR-124 in breast cancer treatment. (labome.org)
In conclusion, silencing Oct4 promotes invasion and metastasis in breast cancer cells by inducing EMT. (labome.org)
The work, funded by national charity Pancreatic Cancer Research Fund, uncovers new evidence that PAK4 plays a key role in enabling cancer cells to grow and to spread from the pancreas into other areas of the body, a process called metastasis. (medindia.net)
PAK4 plays a key role in enabling cancer cells to grow and to spread from the pancreas into other areas of the body, a process called metastasis. (medindia.net)
Cell movement plays an important role in cancer research because of the role of metastasis in tumor development. (healthcanal.com)
By helping us better understand how cell movement occurs, we can better understand metastasis," said Thompson. (healthcanal.com)
Cell locomotion is essential for early development, angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, the immune response, and wound healing in multicellular organisms, and plays a very deleterious role in cancer metastasis in humans. (umn.edu)
yet the ability to move purposefully also helps individual cancer cells break away from a tumor and spread to other parts of the body, a process called metastasis. (anl.gov)

Animated Dynamics received a six-month SBIR Phase I grant worth $150,000 from the National Science Foundation to develop a microscope attachment to help scientists study the motion and dynamics inside a cell. (purdue.edu)
A multiscale model for vascular tumour growth is presented which includes systems of ordinary differential equations for the cell cycle and regulation of apoptosis in individual cells, coupled to partial differential equations for the spatio-temporal dynamics of nutrient and key signalling chemicals. (aimsciences.org)
Hybrid models of cell and tissue dynamics in tumor growth. (aimsciences.org)
Interestingly, visualization of dInR -depleted BC clusters, using time-lapse imaging, revealed a delay in detachment of BC clusters from the surrounding anterior follicle cells and altered protrusion dynamics. (biologists.org)
The second in our series of cell dynamics meetings now turns to organelles. (biologists.org)
We show that inhibiting the Src/FAK signaling axis prevents the collective movement of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo , and identify a novel role for this pathway in the regulation of E-cadherin internalization, cell-cell adhesion strength, and modulation of E-cadherin dynamics downstream of β1-integrin. (aacrjournals.org)
Interfering with receptor dynamics reduced signaling by NKp46, indicating that the dynamic movements of these receptors are likely important determinants of NK cell responsiveness. (sciencemag.org)
We developed a refined version of the image mean square displacement (iMSD) method (called iMSD carpet analysis) and used it in combination with single-particle tracking to characterize the dynamics of the activating receptor NKp46 and the inhibitory receptor Ly49A on resting educated versus hyporesponsive murine NK cells. (sciencemag.org)

These process become even more important during the multicellular stages of development, when propagating waves of cAMP coordinate the chemotactic movement of tens of thousands of cells, resulting in multicellular morphogenesis. (nih.gov)
What has been most surprising is the observation that E-Cad is a key component in cell movement, when its role was previously assumed to be that of keeping cells static," explains Jordi Casanova , head of the Development and Morphogenesis in Drosophila Lab at IRB Barcelona and CSIC research professor. (healthcanal.com)

S. H. Zigmond, Ability of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes to orient in Gradients of Chemotactic Factors, J. Cell Biol. (springer.com)
S. E. Malawista and A. de Boisfleury-Chevance, The cytokineplast: purified, stable and functional motile machinery from human blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes, J. Cell Biol. (springer.com)
Cell Biol. (sciencemag.org)
See J Cell Biol. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Curr Opin Cell Biol. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Locomotion involves the detection and transduction of extracellular chemical and mechanical signals, integration of the signals into an intracellular signal, and the spatio-temporal control of the intracellular biochemical and mechanical responses that lead to force generation, morphological changes and directed movement. (umn.edu)
Systemic infection of plant viruses proceeds through three steps: intracellular replication, cell-to-cell movement, and long-distance movement ( 3 ). (asm.org)

In this study, we demonstrate that cell movement can also be guided by purely physical interactions at the cell-substrate interface. (nih.gov)
Lastly, based on genetic interactions between dInR , the polarity determinant, dPAR-1 and a regulatory subunit of Drosophila Myosin , ( Spaghetti squash ) we propose that Insulin signalling likely influences dPAR-1 activity to engineer border cell detachment and subsequent movement via Drosophila Myosin. (biologists.org)
However, many tumors can adapt their mode of movement in response to external stimuli, and several lines of evidence support the idea of cross-talk between integrin-mediated cell-ECM interactions and E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell junctions that may be key to the plasticity observed in tumor cells ( 7 , 8 ). (aacrjournals.org)
The faster and more dynamic movement of NKp46 in educated NK cells may facilitate a swifter response to interactions with target cells. (sciencemag.org)

Although both molecules are required for calcium-dependent adhesion in a zebrafish cell line, the extracellular domain of Pcdh19 does not exhibit adhesive activity, suggesting that the involvement of Pcdh19 in cell adhesion is indirect. (rupress.org)
In their physiologic environment, cells are in contact with surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) and with neighboring cells. (aacrjournals.org)

The factors that regulate plasma cell localization are poorly defined. (rupress.org)
Taken together these data highlight the benefits of fluorescent in vivo imaging approaches along with the use of optical window chambers in the preclinical evaluation of potential chemotherapeutic agents, and suggest that the anti-invasive properties of small molecular inhibitors targeting Src and FAK may be mediated in part by their ability to regulate cell-cell adhesion. (aacrjournals.org)

We were surprised to see how important tissue hardness is for movement - it's the difference between walking on a hard pavement relative to soft sand. (phys.org)
They found that during development, the tissue holding the NC cells stiffens and becomes denser with cells which triggers the cells' orchestrated movement. (phys.org)
Tissue topography steers migrating Drosophila border cells. (harvard.edu)
Introducing any amount of cell dispersal converted the tumor growth pattern from a sphere to a sprouting conglomerate of "balls" interspersed with nonmalignant tissue, closely resembling actual metastatic lesions. (sciencemag.org)
Trajectories of neural crest cells (blue) chasing placode tissue (purple). (phys.org)
A migrating cervical cancer cell stained for tissue transglutaminase (green). (scitechdaily.com)
Characterizing how cells behave in 3-Dimensional (3D) synthetic material is critical to advancing biomaterial design used in wound healing, tissue engineering and stem cell expansion. (labroots.com)
It is a good replica of tissue, providing an excellent physical matrix by which 3D cell movement can be studied. (labroots.com)
Fibroblasts are the most common cells found in connective tissue. (sciseek.com)
And in the future it could potentially be harnessed to direct the movement of healthy cells for tissue repair therapies. (sciseek.com)
The cells pull on and stretch the surrounding fibrous tissue, eventually using that tension to launch themselves forward. (sciseek.com)
He was studying the properties of stromal tissue that either hinder or promote the spread of cells in diseases such as cancer. (sciseek.com)
Baker's lab builds stromal tissue for two applications: to study how cells behave during disease progression, and to advance organ replacement therapies. (sciseek.com)
By crossing an organism containing the recombinase sites flanking the gene of interest with an organism that express the SSR under control of tissue specific promoters, it is possible to knock out or switch on genes only in certain cells. (wikipedia.org)

Amotl2 is essential for cell movements in zebrafish embryo and regulates c-Src translocation. (uniprot.org)
Zebrafish amotl2 is expressed maternally and in restricted cell types zygotically. (uniprot.org)
We find that the neuroectoderm of Nodal-deficient zebrafish gastrulae exhibits reduced C and E cell behaviors, which require Nodal signaling in both cell- and non-autonomous fashions. (elifesciences.org)

The assay, so far tested on the cells of 14 glioblastoma patients, has the potential, they say, to predict how quickly and aggressively a given cancer might lethally spread. (eurekalert.org)
According to the National Institutes of Health's Cancer Genome Atlas , glioblastoma -- an aggressive cancer of the glial cells of the brain -- accounts for about 15 percent of all adult brain tumors in the U.S., and even with surgery and other treatment, only 3 to 5 percent of people with the tumor survive five years. (eurekalert.org)
The ridges were designed to simulate the ridged surface of the brain, where migrating cancer cells move along the grooves of the white matter and blood vessels, following them like roadways, Quinones-Hinojosa says. (eurekalert.org)
To study the effect of NAA80 on the cellular actin structures, the team used gene scissors, CRISPR/Cas9, and cut NAA80 out of the genes of the cancer cell line HAP1. (uib.no)
Frogs were chosen as a model organism as their neural crest (NC) cells behave in a similar way to those of humans and their movement is often used to study the spread of cancer. (phys.org)
Novel Honokiol-eluting PLGA-based scaffold effectively restricts the growth of renal cancer cells. (harvard.edu)
Our technology can measure a cancer tumor's response to cancer therapy, such as metabolism and cell division. (purdue.edu)
An integrated cellular and sub-cellular model of cancer chemotherapy and therapies that target cell survival. (aimsciences.org)
Scientists know that cancer cells recruit healthy cells and use them to travel long distances , but how this process takes place and how it could be controlled to design new therapies against cancer remains unknown. (phys.org)
The authors of the study are confident that the process whereby cancer cells attached to healthy cells in order to migrate around the body is comparable. (phys.org)
Healthy cells of the body try to escape from tumor cells, but are followed by malignant cells because the healthy cells produce an attractant for the cancer cells. (phys.org)
The findings suggest an alternative way in which cancer treatments might work in the future if therapies can be targeted at the process of interaction between malignant and healthy cells to stop cancer cells from spreading and causing secondary tumours. (phys.org)
Most cancer deaths are not due to the formation of the primary tumor, instead people die from secondary tumors originating from the first malignant cells, which are able to travel and colonize vital organs of the body such as the lungs or the brain. (phys.org)
An invasive cancer cell moves with its leading edge. (scitechdaily.com)
tTG is turning up in many aspects of human cancer research and seems to be contributing to the process that turns cells cancerous," said Cerione. (scitechdaily.com)
Using inhibitors that block the function of chaperones, Cerione and his team paralyzed Hsp70s and stopped breast cancer cells in culture from gathering tTG into a leading edge, effectively immobilizing them. (scitechdaily.com)
If we can better understand how Hsp70 influences tTG, we can figure out ways to modulate that interaction to immobilize cancer cells and keep them from becoming invasive," said Cerione. (scitechdaily.com)
PI3K is responsible for regulating the growth and survival of cancer cells and several inhibitors targeting it have already been developed. (medindia.net)
Cancer cells are on the move in the bloodstream in the very early stage of pancreatic cancer. (medindia.net)
In many cancers, the greatest threat to the patient comes not from the original tumor but from the cancer cells that migrate and form new tumors throughout the body. (healthcanal.com)
We can now watch anywhere in your body where those T cells may be," said Gambhir, who holds the Virginia and D.K. Ludwig Professorship in Cancer Research. (brightsurf.com)
The work was done in patients with a type of deadly brain cancer called glioblastoma, but the groundbreaking technique could be used to track immune cells targeting any kind of cancer, Gambhir said. (brightsurf.com)
In one form of standard immunotherapy, a medical team harvests T cells from a cancer patient's blood and genetically engineers them to do a better job of hunting down and killing the patient's cancer cells. (brightsurf.com)
Right now, the only way to find out if the T cells are attacking the cancer is to wait to see if the tumors shrink, but that can take months. (brightsurf.com)
Ten years ago, Gambhir and his lab began looking for ways to find out what the immune cells do once they are released back into the patient's bloodstream to hunt down cancer cells. (brightsurf.com)
Educated natural killer (NK) cells have inhibitory receptors specific for self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and kill cancer cells more efficiently than do NK cells that do not have such receptors (hyporesponsive NK cells). (sciencemag.org)
NK cells are increasingly used in cancer therapy trials. (sciencemag.org)
Cancer cells that remain within the parenchyma, where most originate, can typically be dealt with effectively by surgical removal. (sciseek.com)

Chemotactic cell movement during Dictyostelium development and gastrulation. (nih.gov)
A mechanism is revealed for orchestrated cell movement during gastrulation in Xenopus . (sciencemag.org)

Consistently, disrupting actin arc formation via formin inhibition results in less centralized TCR MCs, missegregated integrin clusters, decreased T-B cell adhesion, and diminished TCR signaling. (rupress.org)
Intriguingly, PAPC has been shown to modulate cell adhesion by antagonizing the function of C-cadherin ( Chen and Gumbiner, 2006 ). (rupress.org)

When you enter information in a cell, and then press the Enter key, Excel normally moves to the cell below the one in which you entered the information. (tips.net)
That, at least, is more or less how N. gonorrhoeae moves on the surface of a host cell. (mpg.de)
The scientists suggest that the enzyme is then stuck to an inhibitor that halts any degrading actions of the enzyme as the cell moves to a Point B. At that Point B, the enzyme or enzymes then digest the material surrounding the cell. (labroots.com)
The cell then moves on to the next location. (labroots.com)
Thanks to E-Cad, this group of diverse cells moves in a coordinated manner to its destination. (healthcanal.com)
We discuss the pathways by which band 3 moves to the cell surface in the presence and the absence of GPA, concluding that GPA has a role in enhancing the folding and maturation of band 3. (portlandpress.com)
When the cell moves, stress on the "foot" part of the integrin outside the cell is transmitted into the cell to the other end of integrin. (anl.gov)
In Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ), Suc is loaded into the companion cells (CCs) of fully developed source leaves and moves symplastically into the enucleate sieve elements (SEs). (plantphysiol.org)
Now this is from memory so I wouldn't trust it completely, the electron moves along the ETC and this movement moves protons out into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria (or chloroplast stroma), which generates a concentration gradient. (thescienceforum.com)

Our in vitro study aims to fill this gap by focusing on the biological and molecular properties of neural stem cells (NSCs). (frontiersin.org)
Thus we currently lack a detailed in vitro study of the influence of muscle reduced activity on neural stem cells (NSCs) characteristics. (frontiersin.org)
Spudich and Sheetz had, for the first time, created an in vitro assay for myosin movement. (laskerfoundation.org)
Here, we assessed the potential therapeutic effect of HDAC6 inhibitors on peripheral neuropathy with HSPB1 mutation using in vitro model of motor neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of CMT2F and dHMN2B patients. (hindawi.com)

H. Gruler, Cell Movement Analysis in a Necrotactic Assay, Blood Cells 10: 107 (1984). (springer.com)
Quinones-Hinojosa says results of several experiments with the assay suggest that tumors with the fastest cells paralleled the quicker recurrence and other clinical outcomes of 14 glioblastoma patients at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. (eurekalert.org)
A pulldown-purification assay revealed that knockdown of TRPM7 prevents cells from activating Rac and Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42) when stimulated to migrate into a cellular wound. (biochemj.org)

Studies of the molecular mechanisms of chemotactic movement of Dictyostelium amoebae up cAMP gradients highlight the importance of PIP3 signaling in the control of cAMP-dependent actin polymerization, which drives the protrusion of lamellipodia and filopodia at the leading edge of the cell, but also emphasize the need for myosin thick filament assembly and motor activation for the contraction of the back of the cell. (nih.gov)
They slit the cells, splayed them open to expose the actin fibers, and added myosin-coated fluorescent beads. (laskerfoundation.org)
This innovation was momentous, but the Nitella cell innards were ill defined, and the work did not directly prove that myosin was moving on actin. (laskerfoundation.org)
They used the system to show that purified actin, purified myosin, and ATP could support myosin movement at rates consistent with the speed of muscle contraction. (laskerfoundation.org)

The observations on stmF mutants implicate cGMP in the regulation of chemoattractant-induced cell elongation and orientation. (illinois.edu)

Although cells with depleted centrosomes can divide, the presence of centrosomes ensures efficient formation of the mitotic spindle and facilitates cell division [ 8 - 10 ]. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
We have examined the mechanism by which glycophorin A (GPA) facilitates the movement of the human red-cell anion exchanger (band 3, AE1) to the cell surface. (portlandpress.com)
potyvirus group), a novel long-distance movement factor was identified that facilitates vascular-associated movement in tobacco. (plantcell.org)

They tested PDGF to see if it would prime the glioblastoma cells for movement rather than growth by growing the glioblastoma cells from two different tumors on the racetracks with 20 nanograms per milliliter of PDGF. (eurekalert.org)
Some cells from one of the tumors -- belonging to the fastest 25 percent of cells from that tumor -- responded to the PDGF treatment by moving about two times faster than controls made up of untreated glioblastoma cells. (eurekalert.org)
Conversely, the slowest 25 percent of the cells in the tumors moved at the same slower pace as the control tumor cells, meaning that PDGF strongly affected the faster cells. (eurekalert.org)
To see if their speed test had the potential to predict which brain tumors were the most aggressive, the scientists grew cells from 14 patient glioblastomas in PDGF, then placed them on the racetracks. (eurekalert.org)
Human tumors display a surprising paucity of mutations when compared with an equivalent mass of normal cells. (sciencemag.org)
Remarkably, even within large tumors, the majority of mutations, especially driver mutations, are contained within most neoplastic cells, and genetic heterogeneity is limited. (sciencemag.org)
show in primary tumors that short-range dispersal combined with a minimal selective growth advantage allows malignant cells within an established tumor to overtake other populations, leading to a marked decrease in the genetic diversity. (sciencemag.org)
The new T cell imaging technology can also reveal, indirectly, where other unsuspected tumors are. (brightsurf.com)

By regulating where and when the different integrins are delivered to the cell surface, syndecan-4 precisely regulates cell movement and exploration. (nanowerk.com)

Quantitative analysis of in vivo two-photon time-lapse image sequences reveals that loss of either pcdh19 or ncad impairs cell movements during neurulation, disrupting both the directedness of cell movements and the coherence of movements among neighboring cells. (rupress.org)
Tumor cells employ a number of strategies to move in vivo , either as individual cells or collectively as cohesive groups of cells that maintain cell-cell contacts ( 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
In this study, the significance of VLA-2 (α 2 β 1 ) integrin in the movement of human rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells in the liver was characterized by in vivo videomicroscopy. (aacrjournals.org)
In vivo microscopy showed that RDX2C2(I - ) cells migrated in a manner similar to control RDpF cells. (aacrjournals.org)
In vivo, climbing fibers spike continuously, including during movements when parallel fibers are simultaneously conveying sensorimotor information to PCs. (elifesciences.org)
Components of the spindle midzone may therefore be required in vivo for anaphase spindle movement. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Nanowerk News ) Scientists at The University of Manchester have identified the method by which cells control the recycling of molecules, a process that is essential for them to move. (nanowerk.com)
These molecules are able to grab hold of the fibres surrounding the cell, like hands, allowing the cell to drag its self along. (nanowerk.com)
By manipulating the molecules in this way we found that we could either force the cells to move in a fast forward motion or stop altogether. (nanowerk.com)
By tracking the positions of these molecules for several seconds, we determined a diffusion coefficient ( D ) of 12 ± 2 × 10 -3 μm 2 /s for the mobile copies of PleC not bound at the cell pole. (pnas.org)
By using conventional fluorescence microscopy, molecules of PleC were found to be localized to the flagellar pole of SW and predivisional (PD) cells ( 20 ) ( Fig. 1 ). (pnas.org)
PIP3 is a lipid that accumulates on the leading edge of a cell about to move, usually in response to a number of outside cellular attractants like chemokines, growth factors and other molecules. (innovations-report.com)
Along with it, DOCK180 brings a host of additional molecules to the leading edge, triggering a series of internal events that begin moving the cell forward. (innovations-report.com)
Cells also use this mechanism to determine where to transport enzymes and other biological molecules. (mpg.de)
These impaired vinculin molecules were used by the Waterman group to show that interaction between actin and vinculin is required for proper development of cellular components and coupling of adhesions to actin, which are critical for the process of controlled cell movement. (healthcanal.com)
Conversely, Ly49A molecules were overall more constrained and diffused more slowly on educated cells. (sciencemag.org)
however, individual NKp46 molecules resided in these domains for shorter periods and diffused faster on the surface of educated, compared to hyporesponsive, NK cells. (sciencemag.org)
Alpha-actinin molecules bound to the skeleton also bind to the end of integrin that is inside the cell. (anl.gov)
In the cell, that sort of stress could destroy the link between alpha-actinin and actin molecules and destabilize the cell's skeleton. (anl.gov)
It's this ability of vinculin to reinforce the connections between alpha-actinin molecules and the actin rods of the skeleton that keeps the skeleton stiff enough to withstand the stress of cell movement," Bois said. (anl.gov)

These mutant cells undergo symmetric cell division, producing two daughter cells of similar size, each possessing a paralyzed flagellum. (pnas.org)
They have found that when neural crest cells are put next to placode cells they undergo a dramatic transformation and start 'chasing' the placode cells. (phys.org)
Our findings indicate that as B cells differentiate into plasma cells they undergo a coordinated change in chemokine responsiveness that regulates their movements in secondary lymphoid organs and promotes lodgment within the bone marrow. (rupress.org)

T. Matthes and H. Gruler, Analysis of cell locomotion. (springer.com)

Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell. (harvard.edu)
In cytokinesis, when the cleavage furrow has been formed, the two centrioles in each daughter cell separate. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Here we report that separated centrioles that migrate from the cell pole are very mobile during cytokinesis and their movements can be characterized as 1) along the nuclear envelope, 2) irregular, and 3) along microtubules forming the spindle axis. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Cytokinesis is terminated by midbody cleavage (abscission) [ 20 , 21 ] and each daughter cell then receives only one centrosome [ 22 ]. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Telophase disc: a new mammalian mitotic organelle that bisects telophase cells with a possible function in cytokinesis. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Here we report that insulin signalling modulates collective BC movement during Drosophila oogenesis. (biologists.org)

Analysis of time-lapse images demonstrated that R. rickettsii organisms move through the cell cytoplasm at an average rate of 4.8 ± 0.6 μm/min (mean ± standard deviation). (asm.org)

H. Gruler and R. Nuccitelli, New insights into galvanotaxis and other directed cell movements an analysis of the translocation distribution function, in: Ionic Currents in Development, R. Nuccitelli, ed. (springer.com)
Activation of Rac in the red circle led to localized cell protrusion and translocation of the kinase PAK to the cell edge (right hand image, Pak in red). (photonics.com)
Inactivation of the HSP70h gene by replacement of the start codon or by deletion of 493 codons resulted in complete arrest of BYV translocation from cell to cell. (pnas.org)

Then, they applied this to their model so that the rate of replication was proportional to the number of surrounding sites not containing malignant cells. (sciencemag.org)
Natural killer (NK) cells are a subset of innate lymphoid cells that target virally infected and malignant cells. (sciencemag.org)

Their findings have been published in the journal Developmental Cell ( 'Syndecan-4 Phosphorylation Is a Control Point for Integrin Recycling' ). (nanowerk.com)
Developmental cell programs are co-opted in inflammatory skin disease. (harvard.edu)
When migrating cells go astray they can cause developmental disorders, ranging from cardiovascular disease to mental retardation. (scitechdaily.com)

article{osti_1346443, title = {Kinetics of large-scale chromosomal movement during asymmetric cell division in Escherichia coli}, author = {Männik, Jaana and Bailey, Matthew W. and O'Neill, Jordan C. and Männik, Jaan and Burkholder, ed. (osti.gov)

On the other hand, presynaptic activation of LC cells induces an increase in the mRNA of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in NE cells. (frontiersin.org)

By studying the movement of fibroblast cells using sophisticated imaging techniques, Dr Morgan and the team identified the role of Syndecan-4. (nanowerk.com)
Human fibroblast cells (pink) in the process of slingshotting themselves forward in a 3D scaffold designed to mimic the conditions of the body (blue). (sciseek.com)

Under stable conditions (eletrochemical equilibrium), the Cl- and Na+ ions exist in a higher concentration outside the cell than inside. (cerebromente.org.br)
Reminiscences of work with Alex Hope: the movement of water and ions in giant algal cells, 1963-1967. (biomedsearch.com)
The turgor pressure of guard cells is controlled by movements of large quantities of ions and sugars into and out of the guard cells. (wikipedia.org)
Stomata close when there is an osmotic loss of water, occurring from the loss of K+ to neighboring cells, mainly potassium (K+) ions Water stress (drought and salt stress) is one of the major environmental problems causing severe losses in agriculture and in nature. (wikipedia.org)

For cell biologists, actin is important to study because it forms fibres that give the cells shape and the structure that allows them to move. (uib.no)
Henriette Aksnes, who has written her PhD-thesis on other NAT-enzymes, was amazed when she started to look at the NAA80-lacking cells under a microscope: "These cells actually move faster than the other ones. (uib.no)
The absence of this enzyme that modifies actin caused cells to move faster than normal cells. (uib.no)
However, there are several types of integrin on the cell surface and they all have different properties which affect how quickly the cell can move. (nanowerk.com)
In order for a cell to move efficiently, it needs to precisely control which integrins are able to bind to the fibres. (nanowerk.com)
A great deal is known about the movement of the projections that neurons send out to connect with other neurons, but very little is known about how neurons move from one place to another," says Lilianna Solnica-Krezel, the associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt who led the study with Anand Chandrasekhar, assistant professor of biological sciences at the University of Missouri, Columbia. (innovations-report.com)
Previous studies by us and others have identified how a migrating cell gets its wheels and, mechanistically, is able to move. (innovations-report.com)
A mechanism that cells use to group together and move around the body - called 'chase and run' - has been described for the first time by scientists at UCL. (phys.org)
Similarly the neural crest cells follow the placode cells, but placode cells move away when touched by neural crest cells. (phys.org)
A focus of differentiating B cell blasts soon appears and the cells move over the next day or two out of the lymphoid T zones. (rupress.org)
In the spleen, the cells move through marginal zone "bridging channels" and many of the cells lodge in foci near vessels or collagenous fibers in the red pulp ( 1 )( 2 )( 3 ). (rupress.org)
Scientists had thought that as cells move through a material, they degrade it at the same time. (labroots.com)
I was definitely shocked seeing a cell move so fast," Wang said. (sciseek.com)
UR-hel, a chimeric virus obtained by replacement of the RNA helicase domain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-U1 replicase with that from the TMV-R strain, could replicate similarly to TMV-U1 in protoplasts but could not move from cell to cell (K. Hirashima and Y. Watanabe, J. Virol. (asm.org)
Here, we found that a recombinant, UR-hel/V, in which the nonconserved region was derived from TMV-R in addition to the RNA helicase domain of replicase, could move from cell to cell. (asm.org)
UR-hel could replicate to a level similar to that of TMV-U1 in protoplasts but could not move from cell to cell ( 11 ). (asm.org)

The authors propose that caspase 11 may serve early in the inflammatory response by aiding the delivery of cytokine-producing cells to the site of infection and then by terminating cytokine production through stimulation of apoptosis. (sciencemag.org)
This tagged virus was competent in cell-to-cell movement, producing multicellular infection foci similar to those formed by the wild-type BYV. (pnas.org)
Here, we show that this characteristic SCV positioning is not maintained by all SCVs during infection of HeLa cells. (asm.org)
Our results reveal a novel SCV phenotype implicated in the cell-to-cell spread of serovar Typhimurium during infection. (asm.org)

MILWAUKEE, WI - The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society's Scientific Issues Committee (MDS-SIC), led by Stella Papa and Un Jung Kang, has commissioned a brief review of the current place of cell-based therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD), and ultimately encourages patients to participate only in cell therapy studies that are part of a research program affiliated with a recognized academic or clinical institution. (movementdisorders.org)
Theoretically, cell-based therapies, including the use of stem cells, could be used to replace or repair the cells lost or damaged in the disease process, thereby improving symptoms. (movementdisorders.org)
While advances in cell-based research may ultimately provide potential new therapies for patients with PD, science has yet to fully establish a number of challenging aspects of stem cell therapy including specific cell type, method of administration, clinical effect and long-term safety. (movementdisorders.org)
Several business enterprises worldwide offer 'stem cell therapies' for PD, making unsubstantiated claims of considerable benefit to the patient. (movementdisorders.org)
Due to the potential for very serious side effects, the Society cautions patients to avoid any treatments carried out without adequate scientific research, and encourages patients to participate only in cell therapies affiliated with a recognized research institution. (movementdisorders.org)
Read the full MDS statement and position paper cautioning against unproven cell-based therapies for Parkinson's disease. (movementdisorders.org)

Scientists at Georgia have now come up with a new technology, called "nanogenerator", that converts mechanical energy from body movements or even the flow of blood in the body into electric energy. (medindia.net)
Scientists studying these migrations didn t know how cells determined where to go. (innovations-report.com)
Since 1774, when microscopist Bonaventura Corti discovered "torrents" of fluid inside plant cells, scientists have known that even tiny units of life bustle with motile activity. (laskerfoundation.org)
Surprisingly, the scientists observed that the cells paused before moving. (labroots.com)
Scientists at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) now reveal a new function for E-Cad, one that contrasts with its accepted role in impeding cell movement. (healthcanal.com)
About the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society: The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS), an international society of over 10,000 clinicians, scientists, and other healthcare professionals, is dedicated to improving patient care through education and research. (movementdisorders.org)

Nodal signaling is essential for patterning of the AP axis while planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling polarizes cells with respect to this axis, but how these two signaling systems interact during C and E is unclear. (elifesciences.org)

We present a detailed simulation study of the effects of these additions on the invasive behaviour of tumour cells and the tumour's response to chemotherapy. (aimsciences.org)
Modelling collective cell behaviour. (aimsciences.org)
At the same time placode cells exhibite 'escape' behaviour when contacted by neural crest cells. (phys.org)

How actomyosin is controlled during such collective cell movement remains poorly understood. (sciencemag.org)

Little information is yet available about the effect of prolonged muscle disuse on neural stem cells characteristics. (frontiersin.org)
Motor learning involves neural circuit modifications in the cerebellar cortex, likely through re-weighting of parallel fiber inputs onto Purkinje cells (PCs). (elifesciences.org)

We see a protrusion form first, in which the cell changes shape and extends towards the direction it is about to go, followed by movement of the rest of the cell," Vuori said. (innovations-report.com)
The hallmarks of amoeboid movement include a simple polarized shape, dynamic pseudopod protrusion and retraction, flexible oscillatory shape changes, and rapid low-affinity crawling. (nih.gov)

Anatomy58

Organisms14

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs65

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Psychiatry and Psychology19

Phenomena and Processes66

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science12

Health Care2

Nonbehavioral selection for pawns, mutants of Paramecium aurelia with decreased excitability. (1/32044)

Polarized distribution of Bcr-Abl in migrating myeloid cells and co-localization of Bcr-Abl and its target proteins. (2/32044)

The LIM-only protein PINCH directly interacts with integrin-linked kinase and is recruited to integrin-rich sites in spreading cells. (3/32044)

Transduction of glioma cells using a high-titer retroviral vector system and their subsequent migration in brain tumors. (4/32044)

Prolonged eosinophil accumulation in allergic lung interstitium of ICAM-2 deficient mice results in extended hyperresponsiveness. (5/32044)

Anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor antibody inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in injured rat carotid arteries. (6/32044)

Non-serum-dependent chemotactic factors produced by Candida albicans stimulate chemotaxis by binding to the formyl peptide receptor on neutrophils and to an unknown receptor on macrophages. (7/32044)

Role of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase cascade in human neutrophil killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and in migration. (8/32044)

Cell Movement

Movement

Gastrulation

Eye Movements

Gastrula

Morphogenesis

Zebrafish

Dictyostelium

Chemotaxis

Zebrafish Proteins

Pseudopodia

Head Movements

Cell Polarity

Primitive Streak

Embryo, Nonmammalian

Movement Disorders

Body Patterning

Actins

Time-Lapse Imaging

Models, Biological

Microscopy, Video

Signal Transduction

Cell Adhesion

Plant Viral Movement Proteins

Cytoskeleton

Cell Surface Extensions

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Fetal Movement

Mesoderm

Psychomotor Performance

Video Recording

Cell Aggregation

Motion Pictures as Topic

Wnt Proteins

Xenopus Proteins

Chick Embryo

Microfilament Proteins

Time Factors

Saccades

Cell Shape

Myxococcus xanthus

Arm

Somites

Electromyography

Biomechanical Phenomena

Cadherins

rac GTP-Binding Proteins

Mutation

Notochord

Cell Communication

Ectoderm

In Situ Hybridization

Hand

rhoA GTP-Binding Protein

Green Fluorescent Proteins

Adherens Junctions

Molecular Sequence Data

Endoderm

Fixation, Ocular

Xenopus laevis

Cells, Cultured

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family

Actin Cytoskeleton

Microtubules

Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense

Cell Membrane

Microscopy, Phase-Contrast

Eye Movement Measurements

Motor Cortex

Xenopus

rho GTP-Binding Proteins

Pursuit, Smooth

Neural Crest

Focal Adhesions

Animals, Genetically Modified

Luminescent Proteins

Receptors, Eph Family

NIH 3T3 Cells

Chemotactic Factors