Cell membrane permeability. Medical search

A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.

The property of blood capillary ENDOTHELIUM that allows for the selective exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues and through membranous barriers such as the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER; BLOOD-AQUEOUS BARRIER; BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER; BLOOD-NERVE BARRIER; BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER; and BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER. Small lipid-soluble molecules such as carbon dioxide and oxygen move freely by diffusion. Water and water-soluble molecules cannot pass through the endothelial walls and are dependent on microscopic pores. These pores show narrow areas (TIGHT JUNCTIONS) which may limit large molecule movement.

Thin layers of tissue which cover parts of the body, separate adjacent cavities, or connect adjacent structures.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.

Artificially produced membranes, such as semipermeable membranes used in artificial kidney dialysis (RENAL DIALYSIS), monomolecular and bimolecular membranes used as models to simulate biological CELL MEMBRANES. These membranes are also used in the process of GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION.

Functional consequences of mutations in the human alpha1A calcium channel subunit linked to familial hemiplegic migraine. (1/7242)

Mutations in alpha1A, the pore-forming subunit of P/Q-type calcium channels, are linked to several human diseases, including familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM). We introduced the four missense mutations linked to FHM into human alpha1A-2 subunits and investigated their functional consequences after expression in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. By combining single-channel and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we show that all four mutations affect both the biophysical properties and the density of functional channels. Mutation R192Q in the S4 segment of domain I increased the density of functional P/Q-type channels and their open probability. Mutation T666M in the pore loop of domain II decreased both the density of functional channels and their unitary conductance (from 20 to 11 pS). Mutations V714A and I1815L in the S6 segments of domains II and IV shifted the voltage range of activation toward more negative voltages, increased both the open probability and the rate of recovery from inactivation, and decreased the density of functional channels. Mutation V714A decreased the single-channel conductance to 16 pS. Strikingly, the reduction in single-channel conductance induced by mutations T666M and V714A was not observed in some patches or periods of activity, suggesting that the abnormal channel may switch on and off, perhaps depending on some unknown factor. Our data show that the FHM mutations can lead to both gain- and loss-of-function of human P/Q-type calcium channels. (+info)

Maintenance of motility in mouse sperm permeabilized with streptolysin O. (2/7242)

One approach to studying the mechanisms governing sperm motility is to permeabilize sperm and examine the regulation of motility by manipulating the intracellular milieu of the cell. The most common method of sperm permeabilization, detergent treatment, has the disadvantage that the membranes and many proteins are extracted from the cell. To avoid this problem, we have developed a method that uses streptolysin O to create stable pores within the plasma membrane while leaving internal membranes intact. Sperm were permeabilized, preincubated, and then treated with 0.6 U/ml of streptolysin O. Permeabilization was assessed by fluorescent dye technologies and endogenous protein phosphorylation using exogenously added [gamma-32P]ATP. Streptolysin O-induced permeabilization rendered the sperm immotile, and the effect was Ca2+-dependent. When the cells were treated simultaneously with a medium containing ATP, streptolysin O-treated sperm maintained flagellar movement. These results demonstrate that the streptolysin O permeabilization model system is a useful experimental method for studying the mechanisms that regulate sperm motility since it allows the flagellar apparatus to be exposed to various exogenously added molecules. (+info)

Gating connexin 43 channels reconstituted in lipid vesicles by mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. (3/7242)

The regulation of gap junctional permeability by phosphorylation was examined in a model system in which connexin 43 (Cx43) gap junction hemichannels were reconstituted in lipid vesicles. Cx43 was immunoaffinity-purified from rat brain, and Cx43 channels were reconstituted into unilamellar phospholipid liposomes. The activities of the reconstituted channels were measured by monitoring liposome permeability. Liposomes containing the Cx43 protein were fractionated on the basis of permeability to sucrose using sedimentation in an iso-osmolar density gradient. The gradient allowed separation of the sucrose-permeable and -impermeable liposomes. Liposomes that were permeable to sucrose were also permeable to the communicating dye molecule lucifer yellow. Permeability, and therefore activity of the reconstituted Cx43 channels, were directly dependent on the state of Cx43 phosphorylation. The permeability of liposomes containing Cx43 channels was increased by treatment of liposomes with calf intestinal phosphatase. Moreover, liposomes formed with Cx43 that had been dephosphorylated by calf intestinal phosphatase treatment showed increased permeability to sucrose. The role of phosphorylation in the gating mechanism of Cx43 channels was supported further by the observation that phosphorylation of Cx43 by mitogen-activated protein kinase reversibly reduced the permeability of liposomes containing dephosphorylated Cx43. Our results show a direct correlation between gap junctional permeability and the phosphorylation state of Cx43. (+info)

Modulation of distal colonic epithelial barrier function by dietary fibre in normal rats. (4/7242)

BACKGROUND: Dietary fibre influences the turnover and differentiation of the colonic epithelium, but its effects on barrier function are unknown. AIMS: To determine whether altering the type and amount of fibre in the diet affects paracellular permeability of intestinal epithelium, and to identify the mechanisms of action. METHODS: Rats were fed isoenergetic low fibre diets with or without supplements of wheat bran (10%) or methylcellulose (10%), for four weeks. Paracellular permeability was determined by measurement of conductance and 51Cr-EDTA flux across tissue mounted in Ussing chambers. Faecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were assessed by gas chromatography, epithelial kinetics stathmokinetically, and mucosal brush border hydrolase activities spectrophotometrically. RESULTS: Body weight was similar across the dietary groups. Conductance and 51Cr-EDTA flux were approximately 25% higher in animals fed no fibre, compared with those fed wheat bran or methylcellulose in the distal colon, but not in the caecum or jejunum. Histologically, there was no evidence of epithelial injury or erosion associated with any diet. The fibres exerted different spectra of effects on luminal SCFA concentrations and pH, and on mucosal indexes, but both bulked the faeces, were trophic to the epithelium, and stimulated expression of a marker of epithelial differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Both a fermentable and a non-fermentable fibre reduce paracellular permeability specifically in the distal colon, possibly by promoting epithelial cell differentiation. The mechanisms by which the two fibres exert their effects are likely to be different. (+info)

Effects of inhibitors and substitutes for chloride in lumen on p-aminohippurate transport by isolated perfused rabbit renal proximal tubules. (5/7242)

The transport step for p-aminohippurate (PAH) from cell to lumen across the luminal membrane of rabbit proximal tubules has not been adequately defined. To examine this process more closely, we determined the effects of possible transport inhibitors and substitutes for chloride on PAH secretion in isolated perfused S2 segments of rabbit proximal tubules. The addition of 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-2,2' disulfonic stilbene (10(-4) M) to the perfusate irreversibly inhibited PAH secretion, whereas the addition of probenecid (10(-4) M) to the perfusate reversibly inhibited PAH secretion. PAH secretion was unaffected by thiocyanate replacement of chloride in the luminal perfusate, reversibly inhibited by 15 to 20% by methyl sulfate replacement, and irreversibly inhibited by isethionate replacement. Because the luminal membrane is at least as permeable to thiocyanate as to chloride, less permeable to methyl sulfate, and much less permeable to isethionate, these data suggest that the PAH transport step from cells to lumen does not require chloride in the lumen but does require a highly permeant anion. During inhibition of PAH transport from cells to lumen, PAH uptake across the basolateral membrane was also reduced, suggesting some type of feedback inhibition. The data are compatible with PAH transport across the luminal membrane by an anion exchanger, a potential-driven uniporter, both carriers, or a carrier that can function in both modes. (+info)

Increased lipophilicity and subsequent cell partitioning decrease passive transcellular diffusion of novel, highly lipophilic antioxidants. (6/7242)

Oxidative stress is considered a cause or propagator of acute and chronic disorders of the central nervous system. Novel 2, 4-diamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines are potent inhibitors of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, are cytoprotective in cell culture models of oxidative injury, and are neuroprotective in brain injury and ischemia models. The selection of lead candidates from this series required that they reach target cells deep within brain tissue in efficacious amounts after oral dosing. A homologous series of 26 highly lipophilic pyrrolopyrimidines was examined using cultured cell monolayers to understand the structure-permeability relationship and to use this information to predict brain penetration and residence time. Pyrrolopyrimidines were shown to be a more permeable structural class of membrane-interactive antioxidants where transepithelial permeability was inversely related to lipophilicity or to cell partitioning. Pyrrole substitutions influence cell partitioning where bulky hydrophobic groups increased partitioning and decreased permeability and smaller hydrophobic groups and more hydrophilic groups, especially those capable of weak hydrogen bonding, decreased partitioning, and increased permeability. Transmonolayer diffusion for these membrane-interactive antioxidants was limited mostly by desorption from the receiver-side membrane into the buffer. Thus, in this case, these in vitro cell monolayer models do not adequately mimic the in vivo situation by underestimating in vivo bioavailability of highly lipophilic compounds unless acceptors, such as serum proteins, are added to the receiving buffer. (+info)

Elevated expression of the CD4 receptor and cell cycle arrest are induced in Jurkat cells by treatment with the novel cyclic dinucleotide 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid. (7/7242)

The effect of the novel, naturally occurring nucleotide cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) on the lymphoblastoid CD4+ Jurkat cell line was studied. When exposed to 50 microM c-di-GMP, Jurkat cells exhibited a markedly elevated expression of the CD4 receptor of up to 6.3-fold over controls. C-di-GMP also causes blockage of the cell cycle at the S-phase, characterized by increased cellular thymidine uptake, reduction in G2/M-phase cells, increase in S-phase cells and decreased cell division. Additionally c-di-GMP naturally enters these cells and binds irreversibly to the P21ras protein. The effects described appear to be unique for c-di-GMP. (+info)

Stimulation of strontium accumulation in linoleate-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a result of reduced Sr2+ efflux. (8/7242)

The influence of modified plasma membrane fatty acid composition on cellular strontium accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. Growth of S. cerevisiae in the presence of 1 mM linoleate (18:2) (which results in 18:2 incorporation to approximately 70% of total cellular and plasma membrane fatty acids, with no effect on growth rate) yielded cells that accumulated Sr2+ intracellularly at approximately twice the rate of S. cerevisiae grown without a fatty acid supplement. This effect was evident over a wide range of external Sr2+ concentrations (25 microM to 5 mM) and increased with the extent of cellular 18:2 incorporation. Stimulation of Sr2+ accumulation was not evident following enrichment of S. cerevisiae with either palmitoleate (16:1), linolenate (18:3) (n-3 and n-6 isomers), or eicosadienoate (20:2) (n-6 and n-9 isomers). Competition experiments revealed that Ca2+- and Mg2+-induced inhibition of Sr2+ accumulation did not differ between unsupplemented and 18:2-supplemented cells. Treatment with trifluoperazine (TFP) (which can act as a calmodulin antagonist and Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor), at a low concentration that precluded nonspecific K+ efflux, increased intracellular Sr2+ accumulation by approximately 3.6- and 1.4-fold in unsupplemented and 18:2-supplemented cells, respectively. Thus, TFP abolished the enhanced Sr2+ accumulation ability of 18:2-supplemented cells. Moreover, the rate of Sr2+ release from Sr2+-loaded fatty acid-unsupplemented cells was found to be at least twice as great as that from Sr2+-loaded 18:2-enriched cells. The influence of enrichment with other fatty acids on Sr2+ efflux was variable. The results reveal an enhanced Sr2+ accumulation ability of S. cerevisiae following 18:2-enrichment, which is attributed to diminished Sr2+ efflux activity in these cells. (+info)

The major weakness of the lipid membrane was the lack of an explanation of the high permeability to water, so Nathansohn (1904 ... In this view, the cell was seen to be enclosed by a thin surface, the plasma membrane, and cell water and solutes such as a ... The lipid nature of the cell membrane was first correctly intuited by Georg Hermann Quincke in 1888, who noted that a cell ... but it was nearly two hundred years before a complete cell membrane theory was developed to explain what separates cells from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cell_membrane_theory

... is thought to increase cell membrane permeability. Piracetam may exert its global effect on brain neurotransmission ... Zhu D, Bungart BL, Yang X, Zhumadilov Z, Lee JC, Askarova S (2015). "Role of membrane biophysics in Alzheimer's-related cell ... it also increases the permeability of some intermediates of the Krebs cycle through the mitochondrial outer membrane. Piracetam ... Raynaud's phenomenon and sickle cell anemia. There is no evidence to support piracetam's use in sickle cell crisis prevention ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracetam

Charles Ernest Overton's concept of a cell membrane. In: Membrane permeability: 100 years since Ernest Overton (ed. Deamer D.W ... damage to cell membrane Cell theory Cytoneme Elasticity of cell membranes Gram-positive bacteria Membrane models Membrane ... plasmatic membrane (Pfeffer, 1900), plasma membrane, cytoplasmic membrane, cell envelope and cell membrane. Some authors who ... It was also inferred that cell membranes were not vital components to all cells. Many refuted the existence of a cell membrane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_membrane

"Tumor treating fields increases membrane permeability in glioblastoma cells". Cell Death Discovery. 4: 113. doi:10.1038/s41420- ... This division is uncontrolled in cancer cells. The TTFields electric charge prevents the cancer cell from dividing, thereby ... cell permeability and immunological responses, to elicit therapeutic effects. Greater mechanistic understanding of TTFields may ... where the majority of normal cells are non-proliferating. During cell division, a structure called a spindle self-assembles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_electric_field_therapy

salinarum cells where it may be disrupting membrane permeability. The archaeocins produced by Sulfolobus are entirely different ... from halocins, since their activity is predominantly associated with the cells and not the supernatant. To date, the spectrum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeocin

Cell membrane permeability is increased and otherwise nonpermeant molecules enter the cell. Although the mechanisms of gene ... Sweeney DC, Weaver JC, Davalos RV (January 2018). "Characterization of Cell Membrane Permeability In Vitro Part I: Transport ... This process is approximately ten times more effective in increasing cell membrane's permeability than chemical transformation ... Experimental evidences for actin networks in regulating the cell membrane permeability has also emerged. Although ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroporation

Solomon and his co-workers performed pioneering work on water permeability across the cell membrane in the late 1950s. In the ... In most cells, water moves in and out by osmosis through the lipid component of cell membranes. Due to the relatively high ... The cell membranes of a variety of different bacteria, fungi, animal and plant cells contain aquaporins through which water can ... They are embedded in the cell membrane. The amino and carboxyl ends face the inside of the cell. The amino and carboxyl halves ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin

The compartmentalization of biological cells is achieved by membranes. The semi-permeability allows to separate reactions and ... Chemical reactors making use of membranes are usually referred to as membrane reactors. The membrane can be used for different ... A membrane reactor is a physical device that combines a chemical conversion process with a membrane separation process to add ... For dense membranes the separation is governed by the difference of the chemical potential of the components in the membrane. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_reactor

Most eukaryotic cells express a polyamine-transporting ATPase on their cell membrane that facilitates the internalization of ... Polyamines can enhance the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. They are involved in modulating senescence of organs in ... Polyamines in cell cycle proliferation and cell death Ornithine Decarboxylase: Expression and regulation in rat brain and in ... K+ ion gradient across the cell membrane, is conserved. In addition, polyamine participate in initiating the expression of SOS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamine

WHITTAM, R. (1968). "Control of Membrane Permeability to Potassium in Red Blood Cells". Nature. 219 (5154): 610. Bibcode: ... He demonstrated the special asymmetry of the ATPase of the red blood cell membrane, which acts only when Na+ is inside and K+ ... Whittam, R. (1 December 1960). "The high permeability of human red cells to adenine and hypoxanthine and their ribosides". The ... Whittam, R. (1 December 1960). "The high permeability of human red cells to adenine and hypoxanthine and their ribosides". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Whittam

Some azoles directly increase permeability of the fungal cell membrane.[citation needed] Fungicide Antimicrobial Etest Benitez ... of the cell membrane, thereby placing the membrane in a less fluid, more crystalline state. (In ordinary circumstances membrane ... a hydroxypyridone antifungal that interferes with active membrane transport, cell membrane integrity, and fungal respiratory ... Azoles are the group of antifungals which act on the cell membrane of fungi. They inhibit the enzyme 14-alpha-sterol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifungal

This affects the membrane permeability and results in the cell breakdown (lysis). Although lactoferrin also has other ... Many viruses tend to bind to the lipoproteins of the cell membranes and then penetrate into the cell. Lactoferrin binds to the ... Lactoferrin not only disrupts the membrane, but even penetrates into the cell. Its binding to the bacteria wall is associated ... Beside interacting with the cell membrane, lactoferrin also directly binds to viral particles, such as the hepatitis viruses. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactoferrin

"Cell viability in natural phytoplankton communities quantified by a membrane permeability probe." (2002). Marbà, Núria, Carlos ... "Picophytoplankton cell death induced by UV radiation: evidence for oceanic Atlantic communities." (2006). Agustí, Susana, and M ... and cell death and losses. She has participated in over 25 oceanographic expeditions in the Arctic and Southern (Antarctic) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susana_Agustí

... is used to increase permeability of cell membranes. It is a component of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine and the Pfizer- ... aminomethane Buffer Modification of Escherichia coli Outer Membrane Permeability". J. Bacteriol. 145 (3): 1397-1403. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tris

... use of an electrical field to increase cell membrane permeability. Phage therapy - therapeutic use of bacteriophages. Signal ... Viruses collected from these cells are then applied to the cells to be altered. The initial stages of these infections mimic ... Transduction does not require physical contact between the cell donating the DNA and the cell receiving the DNA (which occurs ... Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector. An example is the viral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transduction_(genetics)

The silica coat is related to the permeability of the cell's inner membrane. Strong mineral acids are able to break down spore ... However, when the spore has a silica coating, it may reduce the permeability of the membrane and provide resistance to many ... The effect is loss of cellular membrane potential and eventually cell death. Previously, it was thought that the timing of the ... This flagellar property also allows the cell to change directions of movement depending on where on the cell the flagellum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_cereus

This decreases the permeability of the cell membrane to water and different molecules. In response to flucatuation in ... When pressure increases, the fluidity of the cell membrane is decreased as due to restrictions in volume they change their ... Extremophile Thermophile Psychrophile Archaea Bacteria Cell membrane Yayanos, A Aristides (2008-12-15). "Piezophiles". In John ... It can also lead to cell death due to modifications in the cellular structure. High pressures also can cause an imbalance in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezophile

Calcium is needed to stabilize the permeability of cell membranes. Without calcium, the cell walls are unable to stabilize and ... Ca2+ ions are an essential component of plant cell walls and cell membranes, and are used as cations to balance organic anions ... They make their entrance into the cytoplasm either from outside the cell through the cell membrane via calcium channels (such ... "cell membrane permeability" (ID 363), reduction of tiredness and fatigue (ID 232), contribution to normal psychological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_in_biology

Espinoza, Mayken (2015). "Compress effects on porosity, gas-phase tortuosity, and gas permeability in a simulated PEM gas ... Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), also known as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, are a type of fuel ... Before the invention of PEM fuel cells, existing fuel cell types such as solid-oxide fuel cells were only applied in extreme ... the fuel cell. The membrane must also not allow either gas to pass to the other side of the cell, a problem known as gas ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell

SP-A and SP-D can increase permeability of Gram-negative bacterial cell membrane. SP-A and SP-D can damp induction of ... "Surfactant proteins A and D inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria by increasing membrane permeability". The Journal of ... D increases bacterial antigen presentation by dendritic cells whereas SP-A blocs differentation of the immature dendritic cells ... They modulate the production of oxygen and nitrogen reactive species which are very important for phagocytic cells. SP-A and SP ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collectin

Suggested to alter membrane permeability and block apoptosis. G - Type II glycoprotein. Facilitates virus attachment through ... Type I glycoprotein that facilitates fusion between the virus and the host cell membrane. SH - Small hydrophobic protein. Non ... Translation of viral proteins is carried out by host cell ribosomes. Once sufficient P, N, L, and M2 proteins are available to ... Special Issue: Cell response to viral infection. 209: 128-135. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2015.02.024. PMID 25738581. Graaf, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumoviridae

... increases the permeability of cell membranes of red blood cells. Although this does not affect the normal flow of ... ions between cells, it allows all small ions to pass through cell membranes easily, which fatally disrupts the cells' ion ... on ionic permeability in nucleated cells". Toxicon. 28 (4): 435-44. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(90)90082-i. PMID 2161574. Kao, C. Y ... Bernheimer, A. W.; Rudy, B. (June 1986). "Interactions between membranes and cytolytic peptides". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamphotoxin

"Control of membrane potential and excitability of Chara cells with ATP and Mg2+". J. Membrane Biol. 37: 167-192.{{cite journal ... Kamiya, N. and Tazawa, M. (1956). "Studies on water permeability of a single cell by means of transcellular osmosis". ... Tazawa developed cell models to study cytoplasmic streaming in characean cells. Using a cell model, he measured the motive ... Okazaki, Y, Tazawa, M. (1990). "Calcium ion and turgor regulation in plant cells" (PDF). J. Membrane Biol. 114: 189-194.{{cite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masashi_Tazawa

It occurs when the permeability of the cell membrane to sodium increases past a threshold. In the resting state, the interior ... In the human gut they occur automatically when the resting membrane potential of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle becomes ... more positive than about -40 millivolts (the normal resting membrane potential in the smooth muscle fibers of the gut is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_potential

Changes in the cell's permeability allows the efflux of amino acids during recovery. Hypo-osmotic stress is correlated with ... These receptors regulate sodium and potassium levels on either side of the cell membrane. Osmolyte Myo-Inositol Taurine and ... Cells that have a cell wall tend to be more resistant to osmotic shock because their cell wall enables them to maintain their ... This influx of calcium may alter the cell's permeability. Additionally, some organisms have been shown to use phenothiazines to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotic_shock

... and affects the cell membrane in regard to transport and permeability to proteins. It agglutinates most mammalian red blood ... PHA-E cause erythrocytes (red blood cells) to clump. PHA-L causes leukocytes (white blood cells) to clump. Phytohaemagglutinin ... Prior to 1960, crude extracts of PHA were known to coat the surface of red blood cells, make them heavier, and thereby improve ... In high doses, it is a toxin.[citation needed] The lectin has a number of effects on cell metabolism; it induces mitosis, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytohaemagglutinin

Sitosterol regulates membrane fluidity and permeability in a similar manner to cholesterol in mammalian cell membranes. Plant ... Ergosterol is a component of fungal cell membranes, serving the same function in fungi that cholesterol serves in animal cells ... In contrast to animal and fungal cells, which contain only one major sterol, plant cells synthesize an array of sterol mixtures ... Hartmann, Marie-Andrée (1998). "Plant sterols and the membrane environment". Trends in Plant Science. 3 (5): 170-175. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytosterol

Praziquantel works by causing contraction of the parasite by altering the permeability of the cell membrane. This causes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenurosis_in_humans

When diluted in yeast growth media, the dye is unable to entere cell because of their membranes. Dead yeast cells lose membrane ... Addition of EDTA, which is known to strip the lipopolysaccharides and increase membrane permeability, removes the phloxine B ... Therefore, staining is a measure of cell death. In cell counting assays, the number of fluorescent (i.e. dead) cells observed ... Gram-negative bacteria are phloxine B-resistant due to the outer cell membrane that surrounds them. This polysaccharide-coated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phloxine

Pilizota, Teuta; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2013-06-18). "Plasmolysis and cell shape depend on solute outer-membrane permeability ... His group also studies bacterial cell mechanics, including bending rigidity, turgor pressure and cell wall stiffness, and ... cell-wall insertion mechanism with helical coordination can produce cells with the correct shape in both rod and helical cells ... Cell. 168 (1-2): 172-185.e15. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.019. ISSN 1097-4172. PMC 5287421. PMID 28086090. Taylor, Jennifer A.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Shaevitz

Lyn and Fgr are highly expressed in malignant prostate cells compared to normal prostate cells. When the primary prostate cells ... Kaplan JM, Varmus HE, Bishop JM (March 1990). "The src protein contains multiple domains for specific attachment to membranes ... It also regulates angiogenic factors and vascular permeability after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and regulates matrix ... HSP90 inhibitor NVP-BEP800 has been described to affect stability of Src tyrosine kinase and growth of T-cell and B-cell acute ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-oncogene_tyrosine-protein_kinase_Src

... the membrane permeability changes may be sufficient to induce cell lysis, thereby permitting the new virions to exit the cell. ... Gonzalez ME, Carrasco L (2005). "Viral proteins that enhance membrane permeability". In Fischer WB (ed.). Viral membrane ... The most well-studied and well-established function of viroporins is the permeabilization of the cell membrane to ions and ... Viroporins are capable of assembling into oligomeric ion channels or pores in the host cell's membrane, rendering it more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viroporin

It is important in maintaining basic cellular functions such as DNA replication, RNA transcription, cell division and cell ... Changes in intestinal tract absorbability and permeability due, in part, to viral, protozoal, or bacteria pathogens may also ... protein ZIP4 was first identified as the mechanism for absorption of zinc in the gut across the basolateral membrane of the ... Maret W (2013). "Chapter 14 Zinc and the Zinc Proteome". In Banci L (ed.). Metallomics and the Cell. Metal Ions in Life ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_deficiency

The K+ permeability of the membrane is transiently unusually high, driving the membrane voltage VM even closer to the K+ ... Afterhyperpolarization, or AHP, is the hyperpolarizing phase of a neuron's action potential where the cell's membrane potential ... Hence, hyperpolarization persists until the membrane K+ permeability returns to its usual value. Medium and slow AHP currents ... and can thus set the phase of the subthreshold oscillation of the membrane potential, as reported for the stellate cells of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterhyperpolarization

Upon binding to the fungal cell membrane and forming pores, membrane permeability and transport in fungus are altered. As a ... By blocking the sterol synthesis in fungal cells and cell extracts, the integrity of fungal cell membranes will be interrupted ... It is a sterol, which is important in maintaining proper membrane fluidity and normal functions of the cell membrane. ... Ergosterol replaces cholesterol found in the cell membranes of mammalian cells. Antifungal medications that target ergosterol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topical_antifungal_drugs

... which results in stimulation of ethylene production and increased cell membrane permeability. Dormancy is a general term ... The injury is thought to result in increased permeability of cellular membranes.[citation needed] The injury is associated with ... while allowing small molecules like metabolites to move freely through the cell, which may be helpful in cells transitioning ... doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.028. PMC 3956598. PMID 24361104. Jordan MC, Jordan GW, Stevens JG, Miller G (June 1984). "Latent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dormancy

S2 mediates the membrane fusion of the virus to its potential cell host via the H1 and HR2, which are heptad repeat regions. ... The effect of the virus on ACE2 cell surfaces leads to leukocytic infiltration, increased blood vessel permeability, alveolar ... The SARS-CoV-2 virus can infect a wide range of cells and systems of the body. COVID‑19 is most known for affecting the upper ... The cells of the central nervous system, the microglia, neurons, and astrocytes, are also involved in the release of pro- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19

Polymorphonuclear cells also infiltrate the epithelium, and chronic inflammatory cells infiltrate the lamina propria. Atrophic ... Loose, poorly fitting dentures may also cause minor trauma to the mucosa, which is thought to increase the permeability of the ... That is, oral candidiasis is a mycosis (yeast/fungal infection) of Candida species on the mucous membranes of the mouth. ... Apart from true hyphae, Candida can also form pseudohyphae - elongated filamentous cells, lined end to end. As a general rule, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_candidiasis

Beneath the inner membrane, a basal (internal) lamina can be seen, which separates the foldings around the cell from the rest ... MacMillan, W. G. (February 1973). "Gregarine attachment organelles - structure and permeability of an interspecific cell ... a cell with two structures can be seen: the epimerite, attaching to the host cell and the second part (back) of the cell. After ... A characteristic of gregarines is the typical construction of the pellicula that is formed by a cell membrane and two ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregarina_garnhami

The pore opening raises the permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane, allows influx of cytosolic molecules into the ... As a result, the mitochondria fall into a functional disorder, so the opening of the pore plays an important role in cell death ... Basso E, Fante L, Fowlkes J, Petronilli V, Forte MA, Bernardi P (May 2005). "Properties of the permeability transition pore in ... Nigro, P; Pompilio, G; Capogrossi, M C (2013). "Cyclophilin A: a key player for human disease". Cell Death and Disease. 4 (10 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclophilin

... leading to the destruction of the membrane permeability barrier and osmotic lysis. The structure of proaerolysin has been ... The mature toxin binds to eukaryotic cells and aggregates to form holes (approximately 3 nm in diameter) ... "Molecular assembly of the aerolysin pore reveals a swirling membrane-insertion mechanism. The gene for aerolysin have been ... "Structure of the Aeromonas toxin proaerolysin in its water-soluble and membrane-channel states". Nature. 367 (6460): 292-5. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerolysin

Perfusion-rate-limited kinetics apply when the tissue membranes present no barrier to diffusion. Blood flow, assuming that the ... permeability and dissolution". Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 64 (7): 1008-1024. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01538.x. ... drug is transported mainly by blood, as is often the case, is then the limiting factor to distribution in the various cells of ... "Estimation of the minimum permeability coefficient in rats for perfusion-limited tissue distribution in whole-body ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologically_based_pharmacokinetic_modelling

Cells are briefly shocked with an electric field of 10-20 kV/cm, which is thought to create holes in the cell membrane through ... A hydrodynamic capillary effect can be used to manipulate cell permeability. In plants the DNA is often inserted using ... Most cells require some sort of intervention to make the cell membrane permeable to DNA and allow the DNA to be stably inserted ... Plants cells can also be transformed using electroporation, which uses an electric shock to make the cell membrane permeable to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_delivery

... an apoptotic cell undergoes structural changes including cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation, and ... This mechanism involves the kynurenine pathway and the permeability transition pore; as such, targeting molecules in this ... "Endonuclease G promotes cell death of non-invasive human breast cancer cells". Experimental Cell Research. 312 (20): 4139-49. ... In later stages of apoptosis the entire cell becomes fragmented, forming a number of plasma membrane-bounded apoptotic bodies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENDOG

Less than 2% of ATP released from the beginning stages of cell death is released when the dying cell's plasma membrane is still ... signal release and membrane permeability during apoptosis". Nature. 467 (7317): 863-867. doi:10.1038/nature09413. ISSN 1476- ... Find-me signals are typically released by the apoptotic cells while the cell membrane remains intact. This ensures that the ... phagocytic cells are able to remove the dying cells before their membranes are compromised. A leaky membrane leads to secondary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Find-me_signals

... cell membrane permeability, availability of co-factors, intracellular pH and transparency of overlying tissue, in addition to ... Different types of cells (e.g. bone marrow stem cells, T-cells) can be engineered to express a luciferase allowing their non- ... Huh S, Lee J, Jung E, Kim SC, Kang JI, Lee J, Kim YW, Sung YK, Kang HK, Park D (Jun 2009). "A cell-based system for screening ... Hence, it can be seen that the action potential in the vacuolar membrane leads to acidification and this in turn allows the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luciferase

... and disrupt membrane permeability leading to issues with respiration. Plants produce many types of allelochemicals, such as ... When plants are attacked they can manifest physical changes, such as strengthening their cell walls, depositing callose, or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycorrhizal_network

The complex, which is embedded in the cell membranes of the two joined cells, forms a gap or channel in the middle of the six ... Paracellular permeability depends on transport through the spaces that exist between epithelial cells. It is regulated by ... Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, Paneth cells, microfold cells, cup cells and tuft cells. Their functions are listed here: ... M cells are associated with Peyer's patches. Cup cells are a distinct cell type but with no known function. Tuft cells play a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestinal_epithelium

Colton, C. K.; Smith, K. A.; Merrill, E. W.; Farrell, P. C. (1971). "Permeability studies with cellulosic membranes". Journal ... and white blood cells on blood viscosity and flow behavior. He developed new heparinized biomedical surfaces based on poly ( ... Colton he developed novel hemodialysis membranes based on Cuprophane. He is the inventor (1973) of pioneering silicone-based ... analysis of its transport characteristics and optimization of hemodialyzer membranes. In the 1960s-80s he pioneered protein/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Wilson_Merrill

Gc-mediated membrane fusion with the endosomal membrane, triggered by low pH, releases the nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm. ... Viral entry into host cells initiates by binding to surface cell receptors. Integrins are considered to be the main receptors ... In HFRS, there are increased vascular permeability and decreased blood pressure due to endothelial dysfunction and the most ... Nascent virions are then transported in secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane and released by exocytosis.[citation needed] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthohantavirus

... external to the inner cell membrane and within the peptidoglycan portion of the cell wall. Since the periplasmic gap is more ... "ameliorating intestinal permeability." Alkaline phosphatase is commonly used in the dairy industry as an indicator of ... Undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells have elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase on their cell membrane, therefore alkaline ... While the outer membrane of E. coli contains porins that are permeable to phosphorylated compounds, the inner membrane does not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_phosphatase

... the cholesterol contained therein and membrane-laden that they are called foam cells. Some of these cells die in place, ... and increased permeability. Lipoprotein LDL particles, which carry fats (including the fat cholesterol made by every human cell ... white blood cells are the inflammatory cells within the body). The cytokines induce the endothelial cells lining the artery ... This attracts more macrophages and smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. Smooth muscle cells migrate from the media ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulnerable_plaque

Carr, AC; Vissers, MC; Domigan, NM; Winterbourn, CC (1997). "Modification of red cell membrane lipids by hypochlorous acid and ... The addition of preformed chlorohydrin to red blood cells can affect permeability as well. Cholesterol chlorohydrin have also ... Carr, AC; Van Den Berg, JJ; Winterbourn, CC (1996). "Chlorination of cholesterol in cell membranes by hypochlorous acid". ... When chlorohydrin formation occurs in lipid bilayers of red blood cells, increased permeability occurs. Disruption could occur ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid

Bangham, A.D., Standish, M.M. and Weissmann, G., The action of steroids and streptolysin S on the permeability of phospholipid ... Using a tissue culture system containing a mixture of both leukocytes and endothelial cells, he pioneered studies in both ... Sessa, G. and Weissmann, G., Phospholipid spherules (liposomes) as a model for biological membranes, Journal of Lipid Research ... studying cell biology under Dame Honor B. Fell to 1962. He returned to N.Y.U. School of Medicine, and was on its faculty for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Weissmann

Evans blue dye has been used as a viability assay on the basis of its penetration into non-viable cells, although the method is ... Evans blue is also used to assess the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to macromolecules. Because serum albumin cannot ... Hed J, Dahlgren C, Rundquist I (1983). "A Simple Fluorescence Technique to Stain the Plasma Membrane of Human Neutrophils". ... subject to error because it assumes that damaged or otherwise altered cells are not capable of repair and therefore are not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evans_blue_(dye)

... but they should be handled with care as they can cause photodermatitis in healthy cells as a side effect. In mammalian cell ... It has a skin permeability coefficient (LogKp) of -2.46. The maximum absorption is observed at 300 nm. The 1HNMR spectrum is ... Dall'Acqua, F.; Martelli, P. (February 1991). "Photosensitizing action of furocoumarins on membrane components and consequent ... Also, it was shown that it is actively inhibits the synthesis of nucleic acids in tumor cells thereby decreasing their growth. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelicin

... alternifolia resulted from its ability to disrupt the permeability barrier in membrane structures. In yeast cells and isolated ... inhibit respiration and ion transport processes and increase membrane permeability. The active substance of Timorex Gold was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timorex_Gold

Interbilayer Forces in Membrane Fusion Fusion mechanism Cell fusion Yeagle, P. L. (1993). The Membranes of Cells (2nd ed.). San ... Mixing of aqueous contents from vesicles as a result of lysis, fusion or physiological permeability can be detected ... "Diffusion and redistribution of lipid-like molecules between membranes in virus-cell and cell-cell fusion systems". Biophysical ... In this method, membrane labeled with Pyrene combines with unlabeled membrane. Pyrene self associates in membrane and then ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_bilayer_fusion

Costerton encouraged exploration of the bioelectric effect, the phenomenon of cell-cell signaling and its relation to biofilm ... permeability (earth sciences), biomineralization, antimicrobial tolerance, viscoelasticity, detachment, standardized biofilm ... Membrane biology, Biological matter, Environmental microbiology). ... "The involvement of cell-to-cell signals in the development of a bacterial biofilm". Science. 280 (5361): 295-298. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Biofilm_Engineering

... this is crucial because oxidative stress affects sperm function by altering membrane fluidity, permeability and impairing sperm ... This compound is a reactive aldehyde and is one of the many reactive electrophile species that cause toxic stress in cells and ... Levels of malondialdehyde can be also considered (as a marker of lipid peroxidation) to assess the membrane damage in ... 1 or cycloxygenase 2 metabolizes arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2 by platelets and a wide array of other cell types and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malondialdehyde

A dual-wavelength digital holographic microscope to measure absolute volume of living cells is proposed. The optical setup ... Measurement of absolute cell volume, osmotic membrane water permeability, and refractive index of transmembrane water and ... The proposed method is applied to cultured human embryonic kidney cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells, human red blood cells, ... method can be applied to derive important biophysical parameters of living cells including osmotic membrane water permeability ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23487181/?dopt=Abstract

Membrane permeability testing, Franz cells. *Membrane permeability testing, In-Line cells. *Membrane permeability testing, Side ... Membrane permeability testing, Franz cells. *Membrane permeability testing, In-Line cells. *Membrane permeability testing, Side ... Membrane permeability testing, systems and accessories. *Membrane permeability testing, Valia-Chien cells ... Membrane permeability testing, systems and accessories. *Membrane permeability testing, Valia-Chien cells ...

https://norlab.com/infocenter/2689

Membrane entrance, translocation, and exit of these simple permeants (one hydrophilic and one hydrophobic) can be simulated by ... This Review illustrates the evaluation of permeability of lipid membranes from molecular dynamics (MD) simulation primarily ... DLPC and images cells on the right and left showing waters that have permeated (large blue spheres); waters that have not ... Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Membrane Permeability Richard M Venable 1 , Andreas Krämer 1 , Richard W Pastor 1 ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=30747524

... praziquantel induces rapid contraction of schistosomes by exerting a specific effect on the permeability of the cell membrane. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/999469-medication

Polymyxins increase the permeability of bacterial cell wall membranes. All grampositive bacteria, fungi, and the gram-negative ... stiff neck and increased cell count and protein cerebrospinal fluid. ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=dcf1129c-c074-4d98-b7e1-9b3f4c139118

Cell Membrane Permeability*; Cells, Cultured; Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects; Endothelium, Vascular/immunology*; ... Abstract: Endothelial cell (EC) inflammation and permeability are critical pathogenic mechanisms in many inflammatory ... Title: Autophagy protein ATG7 is a critical regulator of endothelial cell inflammation and permeability. ... Surprisingly, the thrombin-induced degradation of IκBα in the cytosol was not affected in ATG7-depleted cells, suggesting a ...

https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/portfolio/index.cfm?do=portfolio.publicationDetail&id=4072041

o Characterize membrane protein expression by cells of the BBB. o Development of novel brain drug and gene delivery methods ... o Develop neuroimaging tools to identify changes in BBB permeability in vivo. o Examination of the molecular and cellular ... cell adhesion, antigen presentation, metastasis, cell-cell communication and local inflammation. There are several modalities ... cells of origin, gene and protein expression, and the regional differences of brain microvascular endothelial cells and ...

https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAS-03-165.html

Changes permeability of fungal cell membrane after binding to cell membrane sterols, causing cellular contents to leak. ... Inhibit gastric acid secretion by inhibiting H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system at secretory surface of gastric parietal cells. ... Inhibits gastric acid secretion by inhibiting H+/K+ -ATPase enzyme system at secretory surface of gastric parietal cells. ... Inhibits histamine stimulation of the H2 receptor in gastric parietal cells, which reduces gastric acid secretion, gastric ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/845173-120548/which-medications-in-the-drug-class-antacids-are-used-in-the-treatment-of-otalgia

Sodium permeability of dog red blood cell membranes. I. Identification of regulatory sites. ... Measurements of mean cell volumes (MCV) indicate that the modifier-induced increases in Na+ permeability are not caused by ... The effects of Ni++ and SITS can be completely reversed by washing the cells in 0.16 M NaCl while TNBS binding is partially ... It is concluded that the movement of sodium ions through ionic channels in dog red blood cells can be enhanced by modification ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=cobalt&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=38&RecNo=380&View=f&

Application of an external electrical field to increase the permeability of the cell membrane. It is usually used in molecular ... membrane-bound vesicles released from cells that can transport cargo--including DNA, RNA, and proteins--between cells as a form ... For example, EVs released from healthy cells can carry DNA, RNA or proteins that help to direct repair of damaged tissues. EVs ... The ECM is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by support cells that provides structural and biochemical support ...

https://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/glossary/e

"Cholesterols role was thought to focus mainly on physically strengthening the cell membrane and reducing its permeability to ... Life sciences/Cell biology/Cellular physiology/Cell morphology/Cell structure/Cell membranes ... image: The ABCA1 protein flips the cholesterol from the inner to the outer layer of the cell membrane. This strengthens the ... The ABC proteins also played important roles in generating an outer membrane that protected cells from external stresses and in ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/757708

1. Increased cell diffusion and cell membrane permeability.. 2. Increased production of collagen and hydroxyproline. ...

https://www.vin.com/apputil/project/defaultadv1.aspx?pId=8708&catId=18063&id=3843850

... of protein in lens cell membranes. The water permeability of AQP0 is regulated by intracellular calcium levels through ... Conditional Distributions in Multivariate Single-cell Data Describe Cell Decision Authors:. Rachel Melamed, Dana Peer, ... we present the results of utilizing this pipeline to reconstruct T-Cell receptor signaling cascades in Jurkat cells and discuss ... This approach will not only help us identify protein dependencies that regulate the cell state, it will also help us represent ...

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/ep/trainingconfagenda2010.html

... that binds selectively to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels to increase cell membrane permeability to chloride ions. ... that binds selectively to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels to increase cell membrane permeability to chloride ions. ... A repurposed selective T-cell co-stimulation immunomodulator, donated by Bristol Myers Squibb, consists of the extracellular ... T cell-associated antigen 4 fused to a modified immunoglobulin tail and works by preventing the full activation of T cells, ...

https://www.nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/activ/covid-19-therapeutics-prioritized-testing-clinical-trials

Effect of lipid peroxidation on membrane permeability of cancer and normal cells subjected to oxidative stress. Chemical ... Membrane phospholipids, lipoxidative damage and molecular integrity: A causal role in aging and longevity. Biochimica et ... The effect of ionizing radiation on lipid membranes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1071: 103-122. ... polycarbonate membrane filter. Liposomes at 0.7 mg/mL lipid concentration in deionized water were exposed to gamma irradiation ...

http://www.ukm.my/jsm/malay_journals/jilid47bil6_2018/Jilid47Bil6_2018ms1235-1240.html

... in all the cell types. Also, UDCA reduced the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MPT) in isolated mitochondria ... Coadministration of UDCA was associated with significant prevention of mitochondrial membrane alterations in all cell types. ... The results suggest that UDCA plays a central role in modulating the apoptotic threshold in both hepatocytes and nonliver cells ... A novel role for ursodeoxycholic acid in inhibiting apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial membrane perturbation.. ...

https://www.jci.org/eletters/submit/1325

Cell Membrane Permeability Preferred Concept UI. M0003760. Scope Note. A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of ... for cell membrane only; intracellular membrane permeability: index INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES + specific organelle + PERMEABILITY ... Cell Membrane Permeability Preferred Term Term UI T007174. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1965). ... Permeability, Cell Membrane Term UI T007173. Date03/29/1974. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID UNK (19XX). ...

https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D002463

Increased cell permeability A permeable cell membrane allows vital nutrients to be easily absorbed and used in the cells. This ... This helps your cells regenerate more effectively, contributing to their genetic stability and health. Healthy cell ... Cell detoxification Your exposure to every day toxins is inevitable, but can cause a buildup of heavy metals, chemicals, ... Replenishing your body with these nutrients daily helps to increase cell detox and oxygen for better overall health. ...

https://micronutra.com/candidol_kbid_1758_img_m_candidol150X180_jpg.html

Cell-free experiments exhibited that brassinin has antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities. When applied to B16F10 cells ... Here, we tested the effects of brassinin on melanogenesis using cell-free and cell-based biochemical analysis and docking ... Triton X-100 for 10 min at room temperature to increase the cell membrane permeability. After blocking for 30 min at room ... Cell Culture. B16F10 (murine melanoma cell line), HaCaT (human keratinocyte cell line), and HS68 (human dermal fibroblast cell ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/1/121

Humic acid changes membrane permeability of root cells and also boosts plants metabolisms. It is also a chelating agent, ...

https://www.kaizenbonsai.com/bonsai-tree-care-information/rootsafe

... a class of lipids that are essential constituents of the cell membranes, and signaling molecules. They are abundant in the ... They are involved in processes such as proliferation, nerve conduction, skin permeability and lymphocyte migration. Overall, I ... Scientific Focus Areas: Cell Biology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry [email protected] 301-496-8356 Add to ... aimed at understanding the role of sphingolipids during development and in the process of disease using mouse models and cell ...

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/staff-directory/biography/allende-maria

The remaining 1% of body calcium is found in extracellular fluids, intracellular structures, and cell membranes. This ... and membrane permeability. Blood calcium concentration is maintained within very narrow limits by the interplay of several ... Intracellular Mg2+ homeostasis of Ehrlich Ascites tumor cells. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 227: 202-209. [PubMed: 6416179] ... energy-dependent membrane transport, and transmission of the genetic code (Eichhorn and Marzilli, 1981; Rude and Oldham, 1987; ...

https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234927/

It is also necessary in the normal permeability and function of the cell membranes. Although some cholesterol is obtained from ... essential fatty acids our bodies need to regulate the activities of our cells. Omega-3 has been found to be useful in ...

http://www.mywikibiz.com/index.php?title=Directory:Nature%27s_Path_Foods/Health_%26_Nutrition_Glossary&oldid=69293

... oligomers on oxidatively-stressed mitochondria that promote mitochondrial outer membrane permeability (MOMP) in living cells ...

https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/research/intramural/researchers/pi/chung-jay

... and protein-lipid interactions control membrane channel functioning and thus the organelles membrane permeability. ... but so far it is the only available method to study fundamental mechanisms behind physiology of membrane channels from cell ... Rostovtseva has published over 70 peer-reviewed publications in high-impact journals like PNAS, JACS, ACS Nano, and Cell Mol ... One is the most abundant protein in the cytosol of the majority of eukaryotic cells, dimeric tubulin, and another is the ...

https://www.nichd.nih.gov/research/atNICHD/Investigators/Bezrukov/personnel/Rostovtseva

... permeability, and chemical stability.. Meanwhile, it has become more important to evaluate the mechanical characteristics with ... Fuel Cells , Durability Testing of Electrolyte Membranes in Solid Polymer Membrane Fuel Cells. ... The electrolyte membrane is an indispensable part of solid polymer fuel cells. Significant technical development work has been ... This method models the deflection of the electrolyte membrane in a vehicle-mounted fuel cell due to pressure fluctuations in ...

https://www.shimadzu.com/an/industries/new-energy/fuel-cells/durability-testing/index.html

A novel role for ursodeoxycholic acid in inhibiting apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial membrane perturbation. (jci.org)
and to (b) determine whether mitochondrial membrane perturbation is modulated by UDCA. (jci.org)
Coadministration of UDCA was associated with significant prevention of mitochondrial membrane alterations in all cell types. (jci.org)
Dr. Chung's group identified pores formed by the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) oligomers on oxidatively-stressed mitochondria that promote mitochondrial outer membrane permeability (MOMP) in living cells and allow release of mtDNA. (nih.gov)
Biophysics of reconstituted ion channels can be a daunting task, but so far it is the only available method to study fundamental mechanisms behind physiology of membrane channels from cell organelles, such as mitochondrial channels. (nih.gov)
My latest contributions to the field are the discoveries of two potent cytosolic regulators of the outer mitochondrial membrane channel VDAC. (nih.gov)
Based on the findings, we theorised that the metabolic changes in the tumour spheres probably resulted in mtDNA depletion, as the cells suppressed mitochondrial respiration and switched to an alternative mode of energy production, i.e . glycolysis. (nature.com)
ANT1 may also be a part of another structure in the inner membrane called the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. (medlineplus.gov)
Among the enzyme-based assays, the MTT assay is the best known for determining mitochondrial dehydrogenase activities in living cells. (dojindo.com)
Dehydrogenase-based assays reflect cell conditions with more sensitivity than the other assays because they depend on several elements including dehydrogenases, NAD(H), NADP(H), and mitochondrial activity. (dojindo.com)
The CCK-8 assay involves most of the dehydrogenase in a cell, while MTT only involves mitochondrial dehydrogenase. (dojindo.com)
Therefore, the MTT assay depends on mitochondrial activity, not the cell itself. (dojindo.com)

In addition to the absolute cell volume, the method can be applied to derive important biophysical parameters of living cells including osmotic membrane water permeability coefficient and the integral intracellular refractive index (RI). (nih.gov)
Mechanism of action may involve an alteration of RNA and DNA metabolism or an intracellular accumulation of peroxide that is toxic to the fungal cell. (medscape.com)
The remaining 1% of body calcium is found in extracellular fluids, intracellular structures, and cell membranes. (nih.gov)
Intracellular esterases then convert them into green fluorescent products, which are retained by cells. (dojindo.com)

The ABC proteins also played important roles in generating an outer membrane that protected cells from external stresses and in removing harmful substances from inside. (eurekalert.org)

One protein in particular, called ABCA1, was likely crucial for vertebrate evolution by helping regulate when signals involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration enter a cell. (eurekalert.org)
2. Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment of Chondrosarcoma Cells Affects Proliferation and Cell Membrane Permeability. (nih.gov)
They are involved in processes such as proliferation, nerve conduction, skin permeability and lymphocyte migration. (nih.gov)
WSTs produce water-soluble formazans and are suitable for assays of cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. (dojindo.com)

Changes permeability of fungal cell membrane after binding to cell membrane sterols, causing cellular contents to leak. (medscape.com)
Polyene antifungals have an amphiphilic structure which binds to ergosterol, converting the fluid cell membrane of the fungal cell into a more crystalline state increasing permeability and precipitating cell lysis. (nih.gov)

This Review illustrates the evaluation of permeability of lipid membranes from molecular dynamics (MD) simulation primarily using water and oxygen as examples. (nih.gov)
There are different types of ABC proteins with different transportation roles, importing nutrients into cells, exporting toxic compounds outside them, and regulating lipid concentrations within cell membranes. (eurekalert.org)
Organisms that existed early in Earth's history were probably formed of DNA and proteins surrounded by a leaky lipid membrane. (eurekalert.org)
My work is focused on how protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions control membrane channel functioning and thus the organelle's membrane permeability. (nih.gov)

Imidazole and triazole antifungal drugs inhibit cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase which is responsible for converting lanosterol to ergosterol, which blocks cell membrane synthesis in fungi. (nih.gov)

This extraskeletal calcium plays an essential role in such vital functions as nerve conduction, muscle contraction, blood clotting, and membrane permeability. (nih.gov)

ANT1 functions in mitochondria, which are structures within cells that convert the energy from food into a form that cells can use. (medlineplus.gov)
ANT1 forms a channel in the inner membrane of mitochondria. (medlineplus.gov)
This channel allows ADP into mitochondria and ATP out of mitochondria to be used as energy for the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
This structure allows various molecules to pass into mitochondria and is thought to play a role in the self-destruction (apoptosis) of the cell. (medlineplus.gov)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized, membrane-bound vesicles released from cells that can transport cargo--including DNA, RNA, and proteins--between cells as a form of intercellular communication. (nih.gov)
For example, EVs released from healthy cells can carry DNA, RNA or proteins that help to direct repair of damaged tissues. (nih.gov)
EVs released from tumor cells can carry DNA, RNA, and proteins that act to help the tumor to metastasize to other tissues. (nih.gov)
Almost four decades of research have led scientists at Japan's Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) to propose that a family of transporter proteins has played an important role in species evolution. (eurekalert.org)
The resultant accumulation of cholesterol in the inner leaflet triggers the recruitment of proteins to the membrane and modulates the signal transduction. (eurekalert.org)
Surfactants are widely used in biological applications including the extraction of proteins from cell membranes, the enhancement of the permeability of cell membranes 1 and the encapsulation of poorly soluble drug molecules 2 . (aps.org)
The targeted cells retain their outline, their proteins coagulate, and their metabolic activity halts. (slideshare.net)

The ECM is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by support cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. (nih.gov)
The goal of my research is the study of the function of sphingolipids, a class of lipids that are essential constituents of the cell membranes, and signaling molecules. (nih.gov)
These electrically neutral molecules, which have acetyl or acetoxymethyl groups capping the phenolic OH or carboxylic groups of Calcein, freely permeate into the cell. (dojindo.com)

Autophagy protein ATG7 is a critical regulator of endothelial cell inflammation and permeability. (nih.gov)
Endothelial cell (EC) inflammation and permeability are critical pathogenic mechanisms in many inflammatory conditions including acute lung injury. (nih.gov)
Research focused on cerebrovascular endothelial cell biology may provide insight into the "neurovascular unit", a conceptual model that considers brain function from the perspective of interactions among blood cells, endothelium, glia, pericytes, extracellular matrix and neurons. (nih.gov)

They are also assumed to have accelerated vertebrate evolution by allowing cholesterol to function as an intra-membrane signalling molecule. (eurekalert.org)

image: The ABCA1 protein flips the cholesterol from the inner to the outer layer of the cell membrane. (eurekalert.org)
Specifically, they found that ABCA1 exports cellular phospholipids and cholesterol outside the cell for generating high-density lipoproteins, popularly called good cholesterol. (eurekalert.org)
They also found that ABCA1 constantly flops cholesterol from the cell membrane's inner leaflet to its outer leaflet, maintaining a lower concentration on the inner side. (eurekalert.org)
Cholesterol and phytosterol are sterols, fatty compounds essential for many biological processes such as the functioning of cell membranes. (phys.org)
Cholesterol is a lipidic, waxy steroid found in the cell membranes and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. (phys.org)

1987. The effect of electrically generated silver ions on human cells. (cdc.gov)
It is concluded that the movement of sodium ions through ionic channels in dog red blood cells can be enhanced by modification of amino and sulfhydryl groups. (cdc.gov)
Cholesterol's role was thought to focus mainly on physically strengthening the cell membrane and reducing its permeability to ions. (eurekalert.org)

Parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) is commonly used to evaluate the drug permeability across an artificial cell membrane, which resembles to that of a gastrointestinal tract or blood-brain barrier. (nih.gov)
The assay is a time and cost-efficient technique that can yield effective permeability values on a high throughput scale. (nih.gov)
A widely used assay for staining dead cells is Trypan Blue. (dojindo.com)
Although the 3[H]thymidine-uptake assay is regarded as a reliable cell viability assay, the use of a radioisotope causes various concerns. (dojindo.com)
Therefore, CCK-8 is stable for at least 6 months at room temperature and one year at 0-5°C. Since WST-8, WST-8 formazan, and 1-Methoxy PMS have no cytotoxicity in cell culture media, additional experiments may be carried out using the same assay plate. (dojindo.com)
Cell Counting Kit-F is another cell viability assay kit based on the esterase activity of viable cells. (dojindo.com)
These esterase substrates, therefore, can serve as viability assay probes for cells. (dojindo.com)

Membrane entrance, translocation, and exit of these simple permeants (one hydrophilic and one hydrophobic) can be simulated by conventional MD, and permeabilities can be evaluated directly by Fick's First Law, transition rates, and a global Bayesian analysis of the inhomogeneous solubility-diffusion model. (nih.gov)
Surprisingly, the thrombin-induced degradation of IκBα in the cytosol was not affected in ATG7-depleted cells, suggesting a defect in the translocation of released RelA/p65 to the nucleus in these cells. (nih.gov)
Also, a physiological response to desmopressin and forskolin stimulation by translocation of AQP2 to the apical membrane was demonstrated. (frontiersin.org)

It is evident that these cell models are often too simplistic to mimic the complex in vivo situation ( Jensen and Teng, 2020 ). (frontiersin.org)

Chief among the challenges to be addressed is the need to increase our knowledge about the molecular and cellular biology, cells of origin, gene and protein expression, and the regional differences of brain microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes and their interactions with adjacent brain cells. (nih.gov)
Improving our knowledge of the molecular and cellular biology of the brain microvasculature and their interactions with surrounding brain cells, which constitutes the BBB in vivo, could lead to innovative strategies for drug and gene targeting to injured or disease tissue. (nih.gov)

Unilamellar liposomes composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine ( DPPC ) were prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation method and extrusion through a polycarbonate membrane filter. (ukm.my)

the data can then be used to calculate the membrane permeability under different biological conditions. (nih.gov)

Also, the higher calculated lipophilicity of the synthesized compounds was proposed to improve their permeability through the cell membrane since said lipophilicity would allow a higher concentration of the corresponding prodrug inside the infected cell. (rsc.org)

The hydrophilic bile salt ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) protects against the membrane-damaging effects associated with hydrophobic bile acids. (jci.org)

Mechanistic study implicated reduced NF-κB activity in the inhibition of EC inflammation in ATG7-silenced cells. (nih.gov)
The results suggest that UDCA plays a central role in modulating the apoptotic threshold in both hepatocytes and nonliver cells, and inhibition of MPT is at least one pathway by which UDCA protects against apoptosis. (jci.org)

Interferes with synthesis of cell wall mucopeptides during active multiplication, resulting in bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria. (medscape.com)

At iCeMS, our mission is to explore the secrets of life by creating compounds to control cells, and further down the road to create life-inspired materials. (eurekalert.org)
For this study, we determined the effective permeability (pH 7.4) and membrane permeability (pH 5.0 and 7.4) for a set of about 100 compounds using PAMPA. (nih.gov)
Predicted permeability values for reference compounds generated from these two respective models will then be compared to permeability values obtained from Caco-2 assays in literature. (nih.gov)
We plan to supplement the better model with additional compounds to use as a tool for reliable permeability predictions in the future. (nih.gov)

In this study, we evaluated the correlation between mtDNA alterations (mtDNA content, point mutations, large-scale deletions, and methylation status) and cisplatin sensitivity using two OSCC cell lines, namely SAS and H103, and stem cell-like tumour spheres derived from SAS. (nature.com)

Hg++, Ni++, Co++, and PCMBS (parachloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid), a sulfhydryl reactive reagent, induce large increases in Na+ permeability and their effects can be described by a curve which assumes 2:1 binding with the sodium channel. (cdc.gov)
Much smaller increases in Na+ permeability are produced by Zn++ and the amino-specific reagents, TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid) and SITS (4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-stilbene-2-2'-disulfonic acid). (cdc.gov)
Measurements of mean cell volumes (MCV) indicate that the modifier-induced increases in Na+ permeability are not caused by shrinkage of the cells. (cdc.gov)

By qPCR analysis, we found that the cells with less mtDNA were less responsive to cisplatin (H103 and the tumour spheres). (nature.com)
Future work may look into how changes in mtDNA translate into an impact on cell function and therefore cisplatin response. (nature.com)

But this meant only organisms that evolved special ABC transporters capable of carrying nutrients across the membrane survived. (eurekalert.org)
Replenishing your body with these nutrients daily helps to increase cell detox and oxygen for better overall health. (micronutra.com)

Fig. 1 indicates various reagents used for detection of cell viability. (dojindo.com)

Here, we tested the effects of brassinin on melanogenesis using cell-free and cell-based biochemical analysis and docking simulation. (mdpi.com)

The proposed method is applied to cultured human embryonic kidney cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells, human red blood cells, mouse cortical astrocytes, and neurons. (nih.gov)
Sodium permeability of dog red blood cell membranes. (cdc.gov)
Divalent cations and group-specific chemical modifiers were used to modify sodium efflux in order to probe the molecular structure of sodium channels in dog red blood cells. (cdc.gov)
Five carbonate derivatives of 5′- O -2′,3′-dideoxyinosine (DDI, 1 ) have been synthesized by combination with aliphatic alcohols, with their in vitro anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity being evaluated afterward in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (rsc.org)

HuH-7 cells exhibited increased apoptosis with 1 nM TGF-beta1 (P (jci.org)
Finally, incubation with okadaic acid induced significant apoptosis in HuH-7, Saos-2, Cos-7, and HeLa cells. (jci.org)

One is the most abundant protein in the cytosol of the majority of eukaryotic cells, dimeric tubulin, and another is the neuronal protein alpha-synuclein, intimately associated with etiology of Parkinson's disease. (nih.gov)

When applied to B16F10 cells stimulated with a melanogenesis inducer α-MSH, brassinin pretreatment significantly reduced melanin accumulation and cellular tyrosinase activity. (mdpi.com)
Cellular enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenylate kinase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are also used as cell death markers, and there are several such products available on the market. (dojindo.com)

MTT formazan, however, has low solubility in water and it forms purple needle-shaped crystals in cells. (dojindo.com)

They are based on various cell functions such as enzyme activity, cell membrane permeability, cell adherence, ATP production, co-enzyme production, and nucleotide uptake activity. (dojindo.com)

Polymyxins increase the permeability of bacterial cell wall membranes. (nih.gov)
Zn++, TNBS, and SITS increase Na+ permeability by modifying amino groups in the channel while Hg++, Ni++, Co++, and PCMBS act on sulfhydryl groups. (cdc.gov)
Application of an external electrical field to increase the permeability of the cell membrane. (nih.gov)

Neuronal degeneration and cell death were seen in in vitro studies. (nih.gov)

Cell viability and cytotoxicity assays are used for drug screening and cytotoxicity tests of chemicals. (dojindo.com)
Additionally, the cytotoxicity of MTT formazan makes it difficult to remove cell culture media from the plate wells due to many floating cells with MTT formazan needles, giving significant well-to-well error. (dojindo.com)

Kidney tubuloids are cell models that are derived from human or mouse renal epithelial cells and show high similarities with their in vivo counterparts. (frontiersin.org)
Cell membrane permeability is one of the key factors that affect the oral absorption and bioavailability of a drug molecule in human body. (nih.gov)

It is usually used in molecular biology as a way of introducing some substance into a cell such as a drug, protein, or piece of DNA that can change the cell's function. (nih.gov)
It is also necessary in the normal permeability and function of the cell membranes. (mywikibiz.com)

The Zn++ effect can be described by a curve which assumes bimolecular binding with the channel, and its effect on Na+ permeability can be reversed by the addition of glycine to the medium. (cdc.gov)
Fig. 2 shows the S-N curve for fatigue testing of the electrolyte membrane. (shimadzu.com)

Overall, I am involved in projects aimed at understanding the role of sphingolipids during development and in the process of disease using mouse models and cell lines in vitro . (nih.gov)

Inhibits histamine stimulation of the H2 receptor in gastric parietal cells, which reduces gastric acid secretion, gastric volume, and hydrogen concentrations. (medscape.com)

Animal studies report that praziquantel induces rapid contraction of schistosomes by exerting a specific effect on the permeability of the cell membrane. (medscape.com)
Praziquantel induces a rapid contraction of schistosomes by a specific effect on the permeability of the cell membrane and causes vacuolization and disintegration of the schistosome tegument. (pediatriconcall.com)

Pattern-specific tissue expression could provide the platform for further investigations on overall brain vascular biology as it pertains to conditions such as angiogenesis, cell adhesion, antigen presentation, metastasis, cell-cell communication and local inflammation. (nih.gov)

LDH is a stable cytoplasmic enzyme found in all types of cells and is released into the cell culture medium when the plasma membrane is damaged. (dojindo.com)

Significant technical development work has been conducted to enhance the functionality of the electrolyte membrane, with a focus on the moisture content, permeability, and chemical stability. (shimadzu.com)
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), a central role of fibrosis process, transform from quiescent types to activated (aHSCs) ones, concomitantly with the production of significant amount of ECM. (ncl.edu.tw)

A dual-wavelength digital holographic microscope to measure absolute volume of living cells is proposed. (nih.gov)
In this method, cell viability must be determined by counting the unstained cells with a microscope or other instruments. (dojindo.com)

In this study, we investigated the role of ATG7, an essential autophagy regulator with no autophagy-unrelated functions, in the mechanism of EC inflammation and permeability. (nih.gov)

It is an essential component of mammalian cell membranes where it is required to establish proper membrane permeability and fluidity. (phys.org)

Anatomy3

Chemicals and Drugs2

Phenomena and Processes4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Functional consequences of mutations in the human alpha1A calcium channel subunit linked to familial hemiplegic migraine. (1/7242)

Maintenance of motility in mouse sperm permeabilized with streptolysin O. (2/7242)

Gating connexin 43 channels reconstituted in lipid vesicles by mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. (3/7242)

Modulation of distal colonic epithelial barrier function by dietary fibre in normal rats. (4/7242)

Effects of inhibitors and substitutes for chloride in lumen on p-aminohippurate transport by isolated perfused rabbit renal proximal tubules. (5/7242)

Increased lipophilicity and subsequent cell partitioning decrease passive transcellular diffusion of novel, highly lipophilic antioxidants. (6/7242)

Elevated expression of the CD4 receptor and cell cycle arrest are induced in Jurkat cells by treatment with the novel cyclic dinucleotide 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid. (7/7242)

Stimulation of strontium accumulation in linoleate-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a result of reduced Sr2+ efflux. (8/7242)

Cell Membrane Permeability

Cell Membrane

Permeability

Capillary Permeability

Membranes

Membrane Potentials

Intracellular Membranes

Membrane Lipids

Membranes, Artificial

Functional consequences of mutations in the human alpha1A calcium channel subunit linked to familial hemiplegic migraine. (1/7242)

Maintenance of motility in mouse sperm permeabilized with streptolysin O. (2/7242)

Gating connexin 43 channels reconstituted in lipid vesicles by mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. (3/7242)

Modulation of distal colonic epithelial barrier function by dietary fibre in normal rats. (4/7242)

Effects of inhibitors and substitutes for chloride in lumen on p-aminohippurate transport by isolated perfused rabbit renal proximal tubules. (5/7242)

Increased lipophilicity and subsequent cell partitioning decrease passive transcellular diffusion of novel, highly lipophilic antioxidants. (6/7242)

Elevated expression of the CD4 receptor and cell cycle arrest are induced in Jurkat cells by treatment with the novel cyclic dinucleotide 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid. (7/7242)

Stimulation of strontium accumulation in linoleate-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a result of reduced Sr2+ efflux. (8/7242)

History of cell membrane theory

Piracetam

Cell membrane

Alternating electric field therapy

Archaeocin

Electroporation

Aquaporin

Membrane reactor

Polyamine

Ronald Whittam

Antifungal

Lactoferrin

Susana Agustí

Tris

Transduction (genetics)

Bacillus cereus

Piezophile

Calcium in biology

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell

Collectin

Pneumoviridae

Diamphotoxin

Masashi Tazawa

Spike potential

Osmotic shock

Phytohaemagglutinin

Phytosterol

Coenurosis in humans

Phloxine

Joshua Shaevitz

Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src

Viroporin

Zinc deficiency

Afterhyperpolarization

Topical antifungal drugs

Dormancy

COVID-19

Oral candidiasis

Gregarina garnhami

Cyclophilin

Aerolysin

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling

Gene delivery

ENDOG

Find-me signals

Luciferase

Mycorrhizal network

Intestinal epithelium

Edward Wilson Merrill

Orthohantavirus

Alkaline phosphatase

Vulnerable plaque

Hypochlorous acid

Gerald Weissmann

Evans blue (dye)

Angelicin

Timorex Gold

Lipid bilayer fusion

Center for Biofilm Engineering

Malondialdehyde

Measurement of absolute cell volume, osmotic membrane water permeability, and refractive index of transmembrane water and...

PermeGear membrane permeability testing, Franz cells | Norlab

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Membrane Permeability - PubMed

$Measurement of absolute cell volume, osmotic membrane water permeability, and refractive index of transmembrane water and...$ Measurement of absolute cell volume, osmotic membrane water permeability, and refractive index of transmembrane water and...