Cell lineage. Medical search

The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).

Cells derived from the BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS which forms before implantation in the uterine wall. They retain the ability to divide, proliferate and provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.

The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms at various stages during GAMETOGENESIS.

The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A family of DNA-binding transcription factors that contain a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

The development and formation of various types of BLOOD CELLS. Hematopoiesis can take place in the BONE MARROW (medullary) or outside the bone marrow (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).

An individual that contains cell populations derived from different zygotes.

The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.

Specialized stem cells that are committed to give rise to cells that have a particular function; examples are MYOBLASTS; MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS; and skin stem cells. (Stem Cells: A Primer [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US); 2000 May [cited 2002 Apr 5]. Available from: http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/primer.htm)

The inner of the three germ layers of an embryo.

The outer of the three germ layers of an embryo.

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Formation of LYMPHOCYTES and PLASMA CELLS from the lymphoid stem cells which develop from the pluripotent HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS in the BONE MARROW. These lymphoid stem cells differentiate into T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; PLASMA CELLS; or NK-cells (KILLER CELLS, NATURAL) depending on the organ or tissues (LYMPHOID TISSUE) to which they migrate.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

A family of conserved cell surface receptors that contain EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR repeats in their extracellular domain and ANKYRIN repeats in their cytoplasmic domains. The cytoplasmic domain of notch receptors is released upon ligand binding and translocates to the CELL NUCLEUS where it acts as transcription factor.

A subphylum of chordates intermediate between the invertebrates and the true vertebrates. It includes the Ascidians.

Undifferentiated cells resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE). Inside the intact ZONA PELLUCIDA, each cleavage yields two blastomeres of about half size of the parent cell. Up to the 8-cell stage, all of the blastomeres are totipotent. The 16-cell MORULA contains outer cells and inner cells.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. Included are axial patterning, segmentation, compartment specification, limb position, organ boundary patterning, blood vessel patterning, etc.

Cells found throughout the lining of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT that contain and secrete regulatory PEPTIDE HORMONES and/or BIOGENIC AMINES.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Cells that can give rise to cells of the three different GERM LAYERS.

The two longitudinal ridges along the PRIMITIVE STREAK appearing near the end of GASTRULATION during development of nervous system (NEURULATION). The ridges are formed by folding of NEURAL PLATE. Between the ridges is a neural groove which deepens as the fold become elevated. When the folds meet at midline, the groove becomes a closed tube, the NEURAL TUBE.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Recombinases that insert exogenous DNA into the host genome. Examples include proteins encoded by the POL GENE of RETROVIRIDAE and also by temperate BACTERIOPHAGES, the best known being BACTERIOPHAGE LAMBDA.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The three primary germinal layers (ECTODERM; ENDODERM; and MESODERM) developed during GASTRULATION that provide tissues and body plan of a mature organism. They derive from two early layers, hypoblast and epiblast.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.

A post-MORULA preimplantation mammalian embryo that develops from a 32-cell stage into a fluid-filled hollow ball of over a hundred cells. A blastocyst has two distinctive tissues. The outer layer of trophoblasts gives rise to extra-embryonic tissues. The inner cell mass gives rise to the embryonic disc and eventual embryo proper.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Cells lining the outside of the BLASTOCYST. After binding to the ENDOMETRIUM, trophoblasts develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblasts, which form the early fetal-maternal interface (PLACENTA).

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.

Lymphocyte progenitor cells that are restricted in their differentiation potential to the T lymphocyte lineage.

ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

The cluster of cells inside a blastocyst. These cells give rise to the embryonic disc and eventual embryo proper. They are pluripotent EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS capable of yielding many but not all cell types in a developing organism.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.

Differentiated epithelial cells of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA, found in the basal part of the intestinal crypts of Lieberkuhn. Paneth cells secrete GROWTH FACTORS, digestive enzymes such as LYSOZYME and antimicrobial peptides such as cryptdins (ALPHA-DEFENSINS) into the crypt lumen.

The external genitalia of the female. It includes the CLITORIS, the labia, the vestibule, and its glands.

Genes that are introduced into an organism using GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

A notch receptor that interacts with a variety of ligands and regulates SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS for multiple cellular processes. It is widely expressed during EMBRYOGENESIS and is essential for EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

The physiological renewal, repair, or replacement of tissue.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations of different chromosomal constitutions, derived from a single ZYGOTE, as opposed to CHIMERISM in which the different cell populations are derived from more than one zygote.

The complex processes of initiating CELL DIFFERENTIATION in the embryo. The precise regulation by cell interactions leads to diversity of cell types and specific pattern of organization (EMBRYOGENESIS).

Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.

The gamete-producing glands, OVARY or TESTIS.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Bone-marrow-derived, non-hematopoietic cells that support HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELLS. They have also been isolated from other organs and tissues such as UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD, umbilical vein subendothelium, and WHARTON JELLY. These cells are considered to be a source of multipotent stem cells because they include subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cells.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

Epithelial cells that line the basal half of the GASTRIC GLANDS. Chief cells synthesize and export an inactive enzyme PEPSINOGEN which is converted into the highly proteolytic enzyme PEPSIN in the acid environment of the STOMACH.

Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

A classification of T-lymphocytes, especially into helper/inducer, suppressor/effector, and cytotoxic subsets, based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells.

Genes that encode highly conserved TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that control positional identity of cells (BODY PATTERNING) and MORPHOGENESIS throughout development. Their sequences contain a 180 nucleotide sequence designated the homeobox, so called because mutations of these genes often results in homeotic transformations, in which one body structure replaces another. The proteins encoded by homeobox genes are called HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.

Ependymal derivative located at the junction of the THIRD VENTRICLE and the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT; and the SOMATOSTATIN SECRETING CELLS.

The blood-making organs and tissues, principally the bone marrow and lymph nodes.

Mice bearing mutant genes which are phenotypically expressed in the animals.

Proteins from the nematode species CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. The proteins from this species are the subject of scientific interest in the area of multicellular organism MORPHOGENESIS.

The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Very large BONE MARROW CELLS which release mature BLOOD PLATELETS.

The field of biology which deals with the process of the growth and differentiation of an organism.

A GATA transcription factor that is found predominately in LYMPHOID CELL precursors and has been implicated in the CELL DIFFERENTIATION of HELPER T-CELLS. Haploinsufficiency of GATA3 is associated with HYPOPARATHYROIDISM; SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; and renal anomalies syndrome.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

The developmental stage that follows BLASTULA or BLASTOCYST. It is characterized by the morphogenetic cell movements including invagination, ingression, and involution. Gastrulation begins with the formation of the PRIMITIVE STREAK, and ends with the formation of three GERM LAYERS, the body plan of the mature organism.

Process of classifying cells of the immune system based on structural and functional differences. The process is commonly used to analyze and sort T-lymphocytes into subsets based on CD antigens by the technique of flow cytometry.

Annelids of the class Hirudinea. Some species, the bloodsuckers, may become temporarily parasitic upon animals, including man. Medicinal leeches (HIRUDO MEDICINALIS) have been used therapeutically for drawing blood since ancient times.

A protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is specific for STEM CELL FACTOR. This interaction is crucial for the development of hematopoietic, gonadal, and pigment stem cells. Genetic mutations that disrupt the expression of PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-KIT are associated with PIEBALDISM, while overexpression or constitutive activation of the c-kit protein-tyrosine kinase is associated with tumorigenesis.

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

A field of study concerned with the principles and processes governing the geographic distributions of genealogical lineages, especially those within and among closely related species. (Avise, J.C., Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press, 2000)

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

Stem cells from which B-LYMPHOCYTES; T-LYMPHOCYTES; NATURAL KILLER CELLS; and some DENDRITIC CELLS derive.

A class of unsegmented helminths with fundamental bilateral symmetry and secondary triradiate symmetry of the oral and esophageal structures. Many species are parasites.

A large subphylum of mostly marine ARTHROPODS containing over 42,000 species. They include familiar arthropods such as lobsters (NEPHROPIDAE), crabs (BRACHYURA), shrimp (PENAEIDAE), and barnacles (THORACICA).

Recurring supersecondary structures characterized by 20 amino acids folding into two alpha helices connected by a non-helical "loop" segment. They are found in many sequence-specific DNA-BINDING PROTEINS and in CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS.

Cells with high proliferative and self renewal capacities derived from adults.

A layer of cells lining the fluid-filled cavity (blastocele) of a BLASTULA, usually developed from a fertilized insect, reptilian, or avian egg.

An octamer transcription factor that is expressed primarily in totipotent embryonic STEM CELLS and GERM CELLS and is down-regulated during CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

A naturally occurring phenomenon where terminally differentiated cells dedifferentiate to the point where they can switch CELL LINEAGES. The cells then differentiate into other cell types.

The integration of exogenous DNA into the genome of an organism at sites where its expression can be suitably controlled. This integration occurs as a result of homologous recombination.

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

T-cell receptors composed of CD3-associated gamma and delta polypeptide chains and expressed primarily in CD4-/CD8- T-cells. The receptors appear to be preferentially located in epithelial sites and probably play a role in the recognition of bacterial antigens. The T-cell receptor gamma/delta chains are separate and not related to the gamma and delta chains which are subunits of CD3 (see ANTIGENS, CD3).

Non-invasive imaging of cells that have been labeled non-destructively, such as with nanoemulsions or reporter genes that can be detected by molecular imaging, to monitor their location, viability, cell lineage expansion, response to drugs, movement, or other behaviors in vivo.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.

The classes of BONE MARROW-derived blood cells in the monocytic series (MONOCYTES and their precursors) and granulocytic series (GRANULOCYTES and their precursors).

A cytologic technique for measuring the functional capacity of stem cells by assaying their activity.

A transcription factor that is essential for CELL DIFFERENTIATION of B-LYMPHOCYTES. It functions both as a transcriptional activator and repressor to mediate B-cell commitment.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

T-cell receptors composed of CD3-associated alpha and beta polypeptide chains and expressed primarily in CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells. Unlike immunoglobulins, the alpha-beta T-cell receptors recognize antigens only when presented in association with major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules.

A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Oligodendroglia may be called interfascicular, perivascular, or perineuronal (not the same as SATELLITE CELLS, PERINEURONAL of GANGLIA) according to their location. They form the insulating MYELIN SHEATH of axons in the central nervous system.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Stem cells derived from HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS. Derived from these myeloid progenitor cells are the MEGAKARYOCYTES; ERYTHROID CELLS; MYELOID CELLS; and some DENDRITIC CELLS.

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

DNA sequences encoding the delta chain of the T-cell receptor. The delta-chain locus is located entirely within the alpha-chain locus.

Proteins containing a region of conserved sequence, about 200 amino acids long, which encodes a particular sequence specific DNA binding domain (the T-box domain). These proteins are transcription factors that control developmental pathways. The prototype of this family is the mouse Brachyury (or T) gene product.

Glycoproteins found on immature hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. They are the only molecules to date whose expression within the blood system is restricted to a small number of progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.

The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.

A phylum of metazoan invertebrates comprising the segmented worms, and including marine annelids (POLYCHAETA), freshwater annelids, earthworms (OLIGOCHAETA), and LEECHES. Only the leeches are of medical interest. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The splitting of an ancestral species into daughter species that coexist in time (King, Dictionary of Genetics, 6th ed). Causal factors may include geographic isolation, HABITAT geometry, migration, REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION, random GENETIC DRIFT and MUTATION.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

A subclass of winged helix DNA-binding proteins that share homology with their founding member fork head protein, Drosophila.

Formation of differentiated cells and complicated tissue organization to provide specialized functions.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

Animals having a vertebral column, members of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Craniata comprising mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.

Proteins obtained from the ZEBRAFISH. Many of the proteins in this species have been the subject of studies involving basic embryological development (EMBRYOLOGY).

A glandular epithelial cell or a unicellular gland. Goblet cells secrete MUCUS. They are scattered in the epithelial linings of many organs, especially the SMALL INTESTINE and the RESPIRATORY TRACT.

The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.

Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type.

An essential GATA transcription factor that is expressed primarily in HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS.

Rounded or pyramidal cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS. They secrete HYDROCHLORIC ACID and produce gastric intrinsic factor, a glycoprotein that binds VITAMIN B12.

A subclass of SOX transcription factors that are expressed in neuronal tissue where they may play a role in the regulation of CELL DIFFERENTIATION. Members of this subclass are generally considered to be transcriptional activators.

A family of transcription factors characterized by the presence of a bipartite DNA-binding domain known as the POU domain. The POU domain contains two subdomains, a POU-specific domain and a POU-homeodomain. The POU domain was originally identified as a region of approximately 150 amino acids shared between the Pit-1, Oct-1, Oct-2, and Unc-86 transcription factors.

The cells in the erythroid series derived from MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS or from the bi-potential MEGAKARYOCYTE-ERYTHROID PROGENITOR CELLS which eventually give rise to mature RED BLOOD CELLS. The erythroid progenitor cells develop in two phases: erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) followed by erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E); BFU-E differentiate into CFU-E on stimulation by ERYTHROPOIETIN, and then further differentiate into ERYTHROBLASTS when stimulated by other factors.

The cells found in the body fluid circulating throughout the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

A genetic process by which the adult organism is realized via mechanisms that lead to the restriction in the possible fates of cells, eventually leading to their differentiated state. Mechanisms involved cause heritable changes to cells without changes to DNA sequence such as DNA METHYLATION; HISTONE modification; DNA REPLICATION TIMING; NUCLEOSOME positioning; and heterochromatization which result in selective gene expression or repression.

A GATA transcription factor that is specifically expressed in hematopoietic lineages and plays an important role in the CELL DIFFERENTIATION of ERYTHROID CELLS and MEGAKARYOCYTES.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A genus of small free-living nematodes. Two species, CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS and C. briggsae are much used in studies of genetics, development, aging, muscle chemistry, and neuroanatomy.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.

The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.

Developmental events leading to the formation of adult muscular system, which includes differentiation of the various types of muscle cell precursors, migration of myoblasts, activation of myogenesis and development of muscle anchorage.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

A family of transcription factors that control EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT within a variety of cell lineages. They are characterized by a highly conserved paired DNA-binding domain that was first identified in DROSOPHILA segmentation genes.

Self-renewing cells that generate the main phenotypes of the nervous system in both the embryo and adult. Neural stem cells are precursors to both NEURONS and NEUROGLIA.

Antigens expressed primarily on the membranes of living cells during sequential stages of maturation and differentiation. As immunologic markers they have high organ and tissue specificity and are useful as probes in studies of normal cell development as well as neoplastic transformation.

Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.

Differentiation antigens found on thymocytes and on cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes. CD8 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are associative recognition elements in MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Class I-restricted interactions.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Leukocytes with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. They are divided into three groups according to the staining properties of the granules: neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic. Mature granulocytes are the NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and BASOPHILS.

Techniques used to add in exogenous gene sequence such as mutated genes; REPORTER GENES, to study mechanisms of gene expression; or regulatory control sequences, to study effects of temporal changes to GENE EXPRESSION.

Cell surface receptors that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-7. They are present on T-LYMPHOCYTES and B-LYMPHOCYTE precursors. The receptors are heterodimeric proteins consisting of the INTERLEUKIN-5 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT and the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR COMMON BETA SUBUNIT.

Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of proteins. They are synthesized as large precursor molecules which are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The active form can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

The functional hereditary units of HELMINTHS.

The external, nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers of EPITHELIUM: (1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); (2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); (3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); (4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and (5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis).

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

Wnt proteins are a large family of secreted glycoproteins that play essential roles in EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT, and tissue maintenance. They bind to FRIZZLED RECEPTORS and act as PARACRINE PROTEIN FACTORS to initiate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway stabilizes the transcriptional coactivator BETA CATENIN.

The surface ectoderm is essential for nephric duct formation in intermediate mesoderm. (1/8706)

The nephric duct is the first epithelial tubule to differentiate from intermediate mesoderm that is essential for all further urogenital development. In this study we identify the domain of intermediate mesoderm that gives rise to the nephric duct and demonstrate that the surface ectoderm is required for its differentiation. Removal of the surface ectoderm resulted in decreased levels of Sim-1 and Pax-2 mRNA expression in mesenchymal nephric duct progenitors, and caused inhibition of nephric duct formation and subsequent kidney development. The surface ectoderm expresses BMP-4 and we show that it is required for the maintenance of high-level BMP-4 expression in lateral plate mesoderm. Addition of a BMP-4-coated bead to embryos lacking the surface ectoderm restored normal levels of Sim-1 and Pax-2 mRNA expression in nephric duct progenitors, nephric duct formation and the initiation of nephrogenesis. Thus, BMP-4 signaling can substitute for the surface ectoderm in supporting nephric duct morphogenesis. Collectively, these data suggest that inductive interactions between the surface ectoderm, lateral mesoderm and intermediate mesoderm are essential for nephric duct formation and the initiation of urogenital development. (+info)

Mrj encodes a DnaJ-related co-chaperone that is essential for murine placental development. (2/8706)

We have identified a novel gene in a gene trap screen that encodes a protein related to the DnaJ co-chaperone in E. coli. The gene, named Mrj (mammalian relative of DnaJ) was expressed throughout development in both the embryo and placenta. Within the placenta, expression was particularly high in trophoblast giant cells but moderate levels were also observed in trophoblast cells of the chorion at embryonic day 8.5, and later in the labyrinth which arises from the attachment of the chorion to the allantois (a process called chorioallantoic fusion). Insertion of the ROSAbetageo gene trap vector into the Mrj gene created a null allele. Homozygous Mrj mutants died at mid-gestation due to a failure of chorioallantoic fusion at embryonic day 8.5, which precluded formation of the mature placenta. At embryonic day 8.5, the chorion in mutants was morphologically normal and expressed the cell adhesion molecule beta4 integrin that is known to be required for chorioallantoic fusion. However, expression of the chorionic trophoblast-specific transcription factor genes Err2 and Gcm1 was significantly reduced. The mutants showed no abnormal phenotypes in other trophoblast cell types or in the embryo proper. This study indicates a previously unsuspected role for chaperone proteins in placental development and represents the first genetic analysis of DnaJ-related protein function in higher eukaryotes. Based on a survey of EST databases representing different mouse tissues and embryonic stages, there are 40 or more DnaJ-related genes in mammals. In addition to Mrj, at least two of these genes are also expressed in the developing mouse placenta. The specificity of the developmental defect in Mrj mutants suggests that each of these genes may have unique tissue and cellular activities. (+info)

Reciprocal control of T helper cell and dendritic cell differentiation. (3/8706)

It is not known whether subsets of dendritic cells provide different cytokine microenvironments that determine the differentiation of either type-1 T helper (TH1) or TH2 cells. Human monocyte (pDC1)-derived dendritic cells (DC1) were found to induce TH1 differentiation, whereas dendritic cells (DC2) derived from CD4+CD3-CD11c- plasmacytoid cells (pDC2) induced TH2 differentiation by use of a mechanism unaffected by interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-12. The TH2 cytokine IL-4 enhanced DC1 maturation and killed pDC2, an effect potentiated by IL-10 but blocked by CD40 ligand and interferon-gamma. Thus, a negative feedback loop from the mature T helper cells may selectively inhibit prolonged TH1 or TH2 responses by regulating survival of the appropriate dendritic cell subset. (+info)

Tissue specific expression and chromosomal mapping of a human UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: alpha1,3-d-mannoside beta1, 4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. (4/8706)

A human cDNA for UDP- N -acetylglucosamine:alpha1,3-d-mannoside beta1,4- N- acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnT-IV) was isolated from a liver cDNA library using a probe based on a partial cDNA sequence of the bovine GnT-IV. The cDNA encoded a complete sequence of a type II membrane protein of 535 amino acids which is 96% identical to the bovine GnT-IV. Transient expression of the human cDNA in COS7 cells increased total cellular GnT-IV activity 25-fold, demonstrating that this cDNA encodes a functional human GnT-IV. Northern blot analysis of normal tissues indicated that at least five different sizes of mRNA (9.7, 7.6, 5.1, 3.8, and 2.4 kb) forGnT-IV are expressed in vivo. Furthermore, these mRNAs are expressed at different levels between tissues. Large amounts of mRNA were detected in tissues harboring T lineage cells. Also, the promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 and the lymphoblastic leukemia cell line MOLT-4 revealed abundant mRNA. Lastly, the gene was mapped at the locus on human chromosome 2, band q12 by fluorescent in situ hybridization. (+info)

Expression of neurotrophins and their receptors in human bone marrow. (5/8706)

The expression of neurotrophins and their receptors, the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75LNGFR) and the Trk receptors (TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC), was investigated in human bone marrow from 16 weeks fetal age to adulthood. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, all transcripts encoding for catalytic and truncated human TrkB or TrkC receptors were detected together with trkAI transcripts, whereas trkAII transcripts were found only in control nerve tissues. Transcripts for the homologue of the rat truncated TrkC(ic113) receptor were identified for the first time in human tissue. Stromal adventitial reticular cells were found immunoreactive for all neutrophin receptors. In contrast, hematopoietic cell types were not immunoreactive for p75LNGFR but showed immunoreactivity for one or several Trk receptors. TrkA immunoreactivity was found in immature erythroblasts. Catalytic TrkB immunoreactivity was observed in eosinophilic metamyelocytes and polymorphonuclear cells. Truncated TrkB immunoreactivity was found in erythroblasts and megacaryocytes. Immunoreactivity for both catalytic and truncated TrkC receptor was observed in promyelocytes, myelocytes, some polymorphonuclear cells and megacaryocytes. Neutrophin transcript levels appeared higher at fetal than at adult stages, no variation in Trk family transcript levels was observed. The local expression of neurotrophin genes suggests a wide range of paracrine and/or autocrine mode of action through their corresponding receptors within the bone marrow. (+info)

Phenotypic and functional evidence for the expression of CXCR4 receptor during megakaryocytopoiesis. (6/8706)

The identification of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1alpha as a chemoattractant for human progenitor cells suggests that this chemokine and its receptor might represent critical determinants for the homing, retention, and exit of precursor cells from hematopoietic organs. In this study, we investigated the expression profile of CXCR4 receptor and the biological activity of SDF-1alpha during megakaryocytopoiesis. CD34(+) cells from bone marrow and cord blood were purified and induced to differentiate toward the megakaryocyte lineage by a combination of stem-cell factor (SCF) and recombinant human pegylated megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG-rhuMGDF). After 6 days of culture, a time where mature and immature megakaryocytes were present, CD41(+) cells were immunopurified and CXCR4mRNA expression was studied. High transcript levels were detected by a RNase protection assay in cultured megakaryocytes derived from cord blood CD34(+) cells as well as in peripheral blood platelets. The transcript levels were about equivalent to that found in activated T cells. By flow cytometry, a large fraction (ranging from 30% to 100%) of CD41(+) cells showed high levels of CXCR4 antigen on their surface, its expression increasing in parallel with the CD41 antigen during megakaryocytic differentiation. CXCR4 protein was also detected on peripheral blood platelets. SDF-1alpha acts on megakaryocytes by inducing intracellular calcium mobilization and actin polymerization. In addition, in in vitro transmigration experiments, a significant proportion of megakaryocytes was observed to respond to this chemokine. This cell migration was inhibited by pertussis toxin, indicating coupling of this signal to heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding proteins. Although a close correlation between CD41a and CXCR4 expession was observed, cell surface markers as well as morphological criteria indicate a preferential attraction of immature megakaryocytes (low level of CD41a and CD42a), suggesting that SDF-1alpha is a potent attractant for immature megakaryocytic cells but is less active on fully mature megakaryocytes. This hypothesis was further supported by the observation that SDF-1alpha induced the migration of colony forming unit-megakaryocyte progenitors (CFU-MK) and the expression of activation-dependent P-selectin (CD62P) surface antigen on early megakaryocytes, although no effect was observed on mature megakaryocytes and platelets. These results indicate that CXCR4 is expressed by human megakaryocytes and platelets. Furthermore, based on the lower responses of mature megakaryocytes and platelets to SDF-1alpha as compared with early precursors, these data suggest a role for this chemokine in the maintenance and homing during early stages of megakaryocyte development. Moreover, because megakaryocytes are also reported to express CD4, it becomes important to reevaluate the role of direct infection of these cells by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 in HIV-1-related thrombocytopenia. (+info)

Reduced folate carrier expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a mechanism for ploidy but not lineage differences in methotrexate accumulation. (7/8706)

Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the most active and widely used agents for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To elucidate the mechanism for higher accumulation of MTX polyglutamates (MTX-PG) in hyperdiploid ALL and lower accumulation in T-lineage ALL, expression of the reduced folate carrier (RFC) was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in ALL blasts isolated from newly diagnosed patients. RFC expression exhibited a 60-fold range among 29 children, with significantly higher expression in hyperdiploid B-lineage ALL (median, 11.3) compared with nonhyperdiploid ALL (median, 2.1; P <.0006), but no significant difference between nonhyperdiploid B-lineage and T-lineage ALL. Furthermore, mRNA levels of RFC (mapped by FISH to chromosome 21) were significantly related to chromosome 21 copy number (P =.0013), with the highest expression in hyperdiploid ALL blasts with 4 copies of chromosome 21. To assess the functional significance of gene copy number, MTX-PG accumulation was compared in ALL blasts isolated from 121 patients treated with either low-dose MTX (LDMTX; n = 60) or high-dose MTX (HDMTX; n = 61). After LDMTX, MTX-PG accumulation was highest in hyperdiploid B-lineage ALL with 4 copies of chromosome 21 (P =.011), but MTX-PG accumulation was not significantly related to chromosome 21 copy number after HDMTX (P =.24). These data show higher RFC expression as a mechanism for greater MTX accumulation in hyperdiploid B-lineage ALL and indicate that lineage differences in MTX-PG accumulation are not due to lower RFC expression in T-lineage ALL. (+info)

Overexpression of the receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) characterizes the malignant clone in multiple myeloma: identification of three distinct RHAMM variants. (8/8706)

The receptor for hyaluronan (HA)-mediated motility (RHAMM) controls motility by malignant cells in myeloma and is abnormally expressed on the surface of most malignant B and plasma cells in blood or bone marrow (BM) of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). RHAMM cDNA was cloned and sequenced from the malignant B and plasma cells comprising the myeloma B lineage hierarchy. Three distinct RHAMM gene products, RHAMMFL, RHAMM-48, and RHAMM-147, were cloned from MM B and plasma cells. RHAMMFL was 99% homologous to the published sequence of RHAMM. RHAMM-48 and RHAMM-147 variants align with RHAMMFL, but are characterized by sequence deletions of 48 bp (16 amino acids [aa]) and 147 bp (49 aa), respectively. The relative frequency of these RHAMM transcripts in MM plasma cells was determined by cloning of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products amplified from MM plasma cells. Of 115 randomly picked clones, 49% were RHAMMFL, 47% were RHAMM-48, and 4% were RHAMM-147. All of the detected RHAMM variants contain exon 4, which is alternatively spliced in murine RHAMM, and had only a single copy of the exon 8 repeat sequence detected in murine RHAMM. RT-PCR analysis of sorted blood or BM cells from 22 MM patients showed that overexpression of RHAMM variants is characteristic of MM B cells and BM plasma cells in all patients tested. RHAMM also appeared to be overexpressed in B lymphoma and B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. In B cells from normal donors, RHAMMFL was only weakly detectable in resting B cells from five of eight normal donors or in chronically activated B cells from three patients with Crohn's disease. RHAMM-48 was detectable in B cells from one of eight normal donors, but was undetectable in B cells of three donors with Crohn's disease. RHAMM-147 was undetectable in normal and Crohn's disease B cells. In situ RT-PCR was used to determine the number of individual cells with aggregate RHAMM transcripts. For six patients, 29% of BM plasma cells and 12% of MM B cells had detectable RHAMM transcripts, while for five normal donors, only 1. 2% of B cells expressed RHAMM transcripts. This work suggests that RHAMMFL, RHAMM-48, and RHAMM-147 splice variants are overexpressed in MM and other B lymphocyte malignancies relative to resting or in vivo-activated B cells, raising the possibility that RHAMM and its variants may contribute to the malignant process in B-cell malignancies such as lymphoma, CLL, and MM. (+info)

"Bower Academic Lineage". Neuro-tree. 2013-07-31. MBL (2013-06-22). "History of the Marine Biological Laboratory". Methods in ... "Purkinje cell model". YouTube Video. 2007-12-25. Retrieved 2007-12-25. "Who's News: Renowned Computational Neurobiologist James ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_M._Bower

... whereas cell lineage shows the relationships between cells at each division. A cell lineage can be used to generate a fate map ... "Analysis of Cell Fate from Single-Cell Gene Expression Profiles in C. elegans". Cell. 139 (3): 623-633. doi:10.1016/j.cell. ... For example, the development of the complete cell lineage of C. elegans can be described as the fate maps of each cell division ... When carried out at single-cell resolution, this process is called cell lineage tracing. It is also used to trace the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fate_mapping

The N and Q lineages contribute two blast cells for each segment, while the M, O, and P lineages only contribute one cell per ... Weisblat DA; Shankland M (1985). "Cell lineage and segmentation in the leech". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 312 (1153): ... Annelids such as the leech use smaller blast cells budded off from large teloblast cells to define segments. Although ... Early divisions within the leech embryo result in teloblast cells, which are stem cells that divide asymmetrically to create ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segmentation_(biology)

The O, P, and M lineages contribute one blast cell per segment, but the contributions from each blast cell spans a segmental ... These segmental boundaries were discovered by injecting teloblasts with cell lineage tracers after a few blast cells have ... 105: 105-118.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Weisblat DA, Shankland M (1985). "Cell lineage and segmentation in ... Only the teloplasm gets passed onto the daughter stem cells after cell division. The O and P teloblasts are specified from two ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teloblast

Weisblat, D. A.; Shankland, M. (1985). "Cell lineage and segmentation in the leech". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal ... of embryonic stem cells that form segmented columns of cells (germinal band) in the surface of the embryo. The M-derived cells ... Each segment of the body of the leech is generated from one M, O, P cell types and two N and two Q cells types. The ectoderm ... As a consequence, it creates a large D cell on the left and a smaller C cell to the right. This unequal division process is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leech_embryogenesis

Graf, Thomas; Enver, Tariq (2009). "Forcing cells to change lineages". Nature. 462 (7273): 587-594. doi:10.1038/nature08533. ... He is a pioneer in cell reprogramming, showing that blood cells can be transdifferentiated by transcription factors. He is also ... In 1995 he pioneered this technique permitting the transdifferentiation of white blood cells into red blood cell precursors and ... Xie, Huafeng; Ye, Min; Feng, Ru; Graf, Thomas (2004-05-28). "Stepwise Reprogramming of B Cells into Macrophages". Cell. 117 (5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Graf_(biologist)

Nowotschin, Sonja; Hadjantonakis, Anna-Katerina; Campbell, Kyra (2019-06-01). "The endoderm: a divergent cell lineage with many ... resulting in an embryo with one small cell (the apical cell) and one large cell (the basal cell). The small, apical cell will ... Depending on the species, a blastula stage embryo can appear as a ball of cells on top of yolk, or as a hollow sphere of cells ... The embryo's cells continue to divide and increase in number, while molecules within the cells such as RNAs and proteins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryo

The lymphoid lineage is composed of T-cells, B-cells and natural killer cells. This is lymphopoiesis. Cells of the myeloid ... All blood cells are divided into three lineages. Red blood cells, also called erythrocytes, are the oxygen-carrying cells. ... From this point, cells can either differentiate along the Erythroid-megakaryocyte lineage or lymphoid and myeloid lineage, ... 2006). Hematopoietic stem cell development. Springer. ISBN 978-0-306-47872-7. Hematopoietic cell lineage in KEGG Hematopoiesis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematopoiesis

When the cell body is slightly mechanically disturbed in a lab setting, the filopodia retract close to the cell body. This ... Dumack, Kenneth; Schuster, Julia; Bass, David; Bonkowski, Michael (June 2016). "A Novel Lineage of 'Naked Filose Amoebae'; ... These bacteria then glide through or along the filopodia to the cell body for digestion. The cell body does not have any ... The filopodium can grip the substrate and carry the cell body above the surface by a swaying locomotive action. The cell body ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraken_(Cercozoa)

"MicroRNA-25 promotes cell migration and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma". Biochemical and Biophysical Research ... Wang Y, Li Z, He C, Wang D, Yuan X, Chen J, Jin J (March 2010). "MicroRNAs expression signatures are associated with lineage ... suppression of cell-cycle inhibitors by microRNA clusters in gastric cancer". Nucleic Acids Research. 37 (5): 1672-81. doi: ... "MicroRNA expression in human airway smooth muscle cells: role of miR-25 in regulation of airway smooth muscle phenotype". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-25_microRNA_precursor_family

PDGF alpha-receptor expression appears to be restricted to glial cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage" (PDF). Development. 115 ... White matter Schwann cells 2',3'-Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) List of human cell types derived from the germ ... Oligodendrocytes interact closely with nerve cells and provide trophic support by the production of glial cell line-derived ... Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell. They arise during development from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocyte

The cells of the agnathan AIS have roles roughly equivalent to those of B-cells and T-cells, with three lymphocyte lineages ... and VLRA+ and VLRC+ LLCs and T cells share a common ancestor. Like B cells and T cells, the development of VLRB+ LLCs is ... Jawless vertebrates do not have immunoglobulins (Igs), the key proteins to B-cells and T-cells. However, they do possess a ... VLRB+ LLCs and B cells develop in hematopoietic tissues: VLRB+ LLCs develop in the typhlosole and kidneys and B cells develop ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_immunity_in_jawless_fish

"Rare somatic cells from human breast tissue exhibit extensive lineage plasticity". PNAS. 110 (12): 4598-4603. Bibcode:2013PNAS ... This research had looked at wound cells in breast tissue, and identified 'repair cells' that could transform into a range of ... In 2015, she co-authored research into the use of 3D tissue culture models to study breast cancer cell generation and later ... "Cell 'stickiness' could indicate metastatic potential". Phys.Org. February 28, 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2019. CS1 maint: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thea_Tlsty

New daughter cells most likely inherit their parent cells' Endomicrobia during cell division. This causes a lineage of ... These centrioles have a fixed position in the cell and play an important role in asexual reproduction. The entire cell is ... This causes an aflagellate region to be present on both daughter cells. The newly formed daughter cells then mass-produce ... which are grooves that run parallel to the cell, and then attaching to each other. Another key component of a Trichonympha cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichonympha

... is a nuclear, 91 kb transcript, found in close proximity to the nucleolus in certain cell types. It interacts with ... "Kcnq1ot1 antisense noncoding RNA mediates lineage-specific transcriptional silencing through chromatin-level regulation". ... Kanduri C (June 2011). "Kcnq1ot1: a chromatin regulatory RNA". Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. 22 (4): 343-350. doi: ... Molecular Cell. 32 (2): 232-246. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.08.022. PMID 18951091. Fedoriw AM, Calabrese JM, Mu W, Yee D, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCNQ1OT1

... cells of macrophage lineage have to "pay the price" for making itaconate, and they lose the ability to perform mitochondrial ... Itaconic acid is also produced in cells of macrophage lineage. It was shown that itaconate is a covalent inhibitor of the ... substrate-level phosphorylation by itaconic acid produced by LPS-induced Irg1 expression in cells of murine macrophage lineage ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaconic_acid

"The Logic of Neural Cell Lineage Restriction: Neuropoiesis Revisited". Stem Cells in the Nervous System: Functional and ... doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.041. A nose by any other name (should smell as sweetly). Choi, G.B. and Anderson D.J. Cell. 2005 ... They found that maternal intestinal bacteria promote T cell differentiation in T helper 17 cells which release IL-17a and ... "Guidance for Early-Career Scientists". Cell. 159 (7): 1486-1487. 2014-12-18. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.012. ISSN 0092-8674. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Choi

Transmissible dog cancer genome reveals the origin and history of an ancient cell lineage. Science. Jan 24;3436169:437-40 (2014 ... Cell. Feb 17;1484:780-91 (2012) Murchison EP et al. The Tasmanian devil transcriptome reveals Schwann cell origins of a ... These are cancers that can be passed on between individuals by the transfer of living cancer cells that somehow manage to evade ... Elizabeth Murchison and her collaborators have been analyzing the genome of these cancer cells. This has enabled them to show ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Murchison

"Differentiation of an ameloblast-lineage cell line (ALC) is induced by Sonic hedgehog signaling". Biochemical and Biophysical ... ameloblast like cell) cell line is of ameloblastic origin. Ameloblasts are cells which secrete the enamel proteins enamelin and ... Ameloblasts are cells present only during tooth development that deposit tooth enamel, which is the hard outermost layer of the ... The cells are part of the reduced enamel epithelium after enamel maturation and then subsequently undergo apoptosis before or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameloblast

Plant Cell Monographs 13. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68696-5_1 ISBN 978-3-540-68696-5 Ochoa de Alda, ... "The plastid ancestor originated among one of the major cyanobacterial lineages". Nature Communications. 5: 4937. doi:10.1038/ ... already mitochondriate cell. Over millions of years the endosymbiotic cyanobacterium evolved structurally and functionally, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast_membrane

"Genome dynamics of the human embryonic kidney 293 lineage in response to cell biology manipulations". Nat. Commun. 5. 4767. doi ... 293T (or HEK 293T) is a human cell line, derived from the HEK 293 cell line, that expresses a mutant version of the SV40 large ... The first reference to the cell line as "293T" may be its use to create the BOSC23 packaging cell line for producing retroviral ... Cell. Biol. 7 (1): 379-387. doi:10.1128/MCB.7.1.379. PMC 365079. PMID 3031469. Pear WS, Nolan GP, Scott ML, Baltimore D (15 Sep ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/293T

They are derived from common lymphoid progenitor and belong to the lymphoid lineage. These cells lack antigen specific B or T ... ILC2 cells, or type 2 innate lymphoid cells are a type of innate lymphoid cell. ... The cell type was first described in 2001 as non-B/non-T cells, which produced IL-5 and IL-13 in response to IL-25 and ... Spits H, Cupedo T (2012). "Innate lymphoid cells: emerging insights in development, lineage relationships, and function". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILC2

2014). SWI/SNF complex prevents lineage reversion and induces temporal patterning in neural stem cells. Cell. 156(6):1259-73 ... it was unknown how stem cells can separate into a self-renewing daughter cell and a specialized differentiating cell at the ... His team was the first to demonstrate that organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) can be used to model ... Recent findings suggest that tumors can be based on stem cells, that keep their unique stem cell characteristics and thus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jürgen_Knoblich

Cell. 143 (2): 212-24. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.09.009. PMC 3119929. PMID 20888037. Roy S, Ernst J, Kharchenko PV, Kheradpour P ... CARM1-mediated methylation of H3R17 is needed to establish and maintain the astroglial lineage. The absence of H3R17me2a ... It results in good optimization and is used in vivo to reveal DNA-protein binding occurring in cells. ChIP-Seq can be used to ... THE genomic DNA of eukaryotic cells is wrapped around special protein molecules known as histones. The complexes formed by the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H3R17me2

"Cell-Surface Proteomics Identifies Lineage-Specific Markers of Embryo-Derived Stem Cells". Developmental Cell. 22 (4): 887-901 ... They then use this information to research how to change human iPS cells (induced pluripotent stem cells) into cell types that ... stem cell lineages. Stem Cell Research A notable segment of Rossant's research has been her work leading to the 1998 discovery ... Her work led to the ability to isolate permanent trophoblast stem cell lineages using fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Rossant

In AML-M5 >80% of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage. This cancer is characterized by a dominance of monocytes in the ... must be of the monocytic lineage. A further subclassification (M5a versus M5b) is made depending on whether the monocytic cells ... The pathology of AML involves abnormal proliferation and differentiation of a population of myeloid stem cells. Genetic ... These overproduced monocytes interfere with normal immune cell production which causes many health complications for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_monocytic_leukemia

... resulting in cell death. There are two Zika lineages: the African lineage and the Asian lineage. Phylogenetic studies indicate ... Cells are most susceptible to Zika infection when levels of IFITM3 are low. Once the cell has been infected, the virus ... This form of programmed cell death requires gene expression. IFITM3 is a trans-membrane protein in a cell that is able to ... A longitudinal study shows that 6 hours after cells are infected with Zika virus, the vacuoles and mitochondria in the cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zika_virus

These individuals also have low numbers of two other types of circulating blood cells viz., B lymphocytes and NK cells. Other ... "A regulatory network governing Gata1 and Gata2 gene transcription orchestrates erythroid lineage differentiation". ... Bigley V, Cytlak U, Collin M (February 2018). "Human dendritic cell immunodeficiencies". Seminars in Cell & Developmental ... of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells, decreased levels of one or more types of circulating blood cells, and an increased ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GATA2_deficiency

Dawes, C. J.; Scott, F. M.; Bowler, E. (1961). "A Light- and Electron-Microscopic Survey of Algal Cell Walls. I. Phaeophyta and ... Divergence time estimates and the evolution of major lineages in the florideophyte red algae - Nature Tree of Life: ... Divergence time estimates and the evolution of major lineages in the florideophyte red algae - Nature Cronquist, A. (1960). " ... "DEFINING THE MAJOR LINEAGES OF RED ALGAE (RHODOPHYTA)1". Journal of Phycology. 42 (2): 482-492. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florideae

"The evolution of hermaphroditism by an infectious male-derived cell lineage: an inclusive-fitness analysis" (PDF). The American ... In the other variant or Comstockiella system, the somatic cells have the paternal genome untouched. A third variant found in ... They showed that the main scale insect lineages diverged before their angiosperm hosts, and suggested that the insects switched ... the divergence of major scale insect lineages (Hemiptera) predates the radiation of modern angiosperm hosts". Scientific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_insect

Immature plasma cells[edit]. The most immature blood cell that is considered of plasma cell lineage is the plasmablast.[3] ... Plasma cells, also called plasma B cells, plasmocytes, plasmacytes, or effector B cells, are white blood cells that secrete ... In humans, CD27 is a good marker for plasma cells, naive B cells are CD27-, memory B-cells are CD27+ and plasma cells are ... Germinal center B cells may differentiate into memory B cells or plasma cells. Most of these B cells will become plasmablasts ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cells

... epidermal hair cells (trichomes), cells in the stomatal complex; guard cells and subsidiary cells. The epidermal cells are the ... This occurred independently in several separate lineages of vascular plants, in progymnosperms like Archaeopteris, in ... Cells that bring water and minerals from the roots into the leaf.. Phloem. Cells that usually move sap, with dissolved sucrose( ... Its cells contain many more chloroplasts than the spongy layer. Cylindrical cells, with the chloroplasts close to the walls of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauline

Because the cell acquiring a chloroplast already had mitochondria (and peroxisomes, and a cell membrane for secretion), the new ... Endosymbiotic gene transfer is how we know about the lost chloroplasts in many chromalveolate lineages. Even if a chloroplast ... and therefore topologically outside of the cell, because to reach the chloroplast from the cytosol, you have to cross the cell ... "The Plant Cell. 12 (1): 53-64. doi:10.1105/tpc.12.1.53. PMC 140214. PMID 10634907.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast_DNA

However, recent research has shown that such lineage infidelity does not occur as a normal phenomenon[citation needed]. ... who have lost their stem cells after birth. Other conditions[13] treated with stem cell transplants include sickle-cell disease ... Peripheral blood stem cells[26] are now the most common source of stem cells for HSCT. They are collected from the blood ... Sources and storage of cells[edit]. To limit the risks of transplanted stem cell rejection or of severe graft-versus-host ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_Marrow_Transplant

The positioning of the osteoprogenitor cell condensations determines the cell lineage before the signalling molecules can. This ... Osteochondroprogenitor cells are progenitor cells that arise from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the bone marrow. They have ... the uncommitted stem cells of the embryo will undergo differentiation into certain cell lineages. However the exact mechanism ... are necessary for osteochondroprogenitor cells to differentiate into the osteoblast cell lineage. These factors also have a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteochondroprogenitor_cell

A lineage can also dispense with complexity when a particular complex trait merely provides no selective advantage in a ... the number of cell types or morphology all proposed as possible metrics.[2][3][4] ... lineages become simpler or more complicated according to whatever forms had a selective advantage.[27] ... "Relationship between genome size and organismal complexity in the lineage leading from prokaryotes to mammals". Paleontological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_complexity

This virus has a both a large and a small genome section, with four lineages identified to date: Josiah (Sierra Leone), GA391 ( ... Other laboratory findings in Lassa fever include lymphocytopenia (low white blood cell count), thrombocytopenia (low platelets ... or the virus itself in cell culture.[1] Other conditions that may present similarly include Ebola, malaria, typhoid fever, and ... These tests include cell cultures, PCR, ELISA antigen assays, plaque neutralization assays, and immunofluorescence essays. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lassa_fever

"The evolution of hermaphroditism by an infectious male-derived cell lineage: an inclusive-fitness analysis" (PDF). The American ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_breeding

Odontocetes, such as the sperm whale, possess teeth with cementum cells overlying dentine cells. Unlike human teeth, which are ... eventually leaving only one surviving lineage - the hippopotamus.[29] ... they contain both rod and cone cells, meaning they can see in both dim and bright light, but they have far more rod cells than ... Whales do, however, lack short wavelength sensitive visual pigments in their cone cells indicating a more limited capacity for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale

Kato A et al, B-lymphocyte lineage cells and the respiratory system, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 131, ... These M cells then alert the underlying B cells and T cells in the tonsil that a pathogen is present and an immune response is ... The tonsils have on their surface specialized antigen capture cells called M cells that allow for the uptake of antigens ... "Tonsils Make T-Cells, Too, Ohio State Study Shows". Ohio State University. Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsil

Brysse, K. (2008). "From weird wonders to stem lineages: the second reclassification of the Burgess Shale fauna". Studies in ... Cell. 25 (4): 326-328. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2013.05.011. PMID 23725759.. ... Early in the period, the modern reptiles, or crown-group reptiles, evolved and split into two main lineages: the ... According to Goodrich, both lineages evolved from an earlier stem group, Protosauria ("first lizards") in which he included ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptile

The viruses infect, amongst others, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. They attach to the cell surfaces via specific ... "Detection of a new yellow fever virus lineage within the South American genotype I in Brazil". J Med Virol. 82 (1): 175-185. ... After entering the host cell, the viral genome is replicated in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in the so-called ... After transmission from a mosquito, the viruses replicate in the lymph nodes and infect dendritic cells in particular. From ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever

Zhang Y, Hoon MA, Chandrashekar J, et al. (2003). "Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells sharing ... "Lineage-specific loss of function of bitter taste receptor genes in humans and nonhuman primates.". Genetics 170 (1): 313-26. ... Cell 127 (3): 635-48. DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026. PMID 17081983. ... similar signaling pathways.". Cell 112 (3): 293-301. DOI:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00071-0. PMID 12581520. ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAS2R19

Further information: Cell wall § Archaeal cell walls. Most archaea (but not Thermoplasma and Ferroplasma) possess a cell wall.[ ... A lineage of archaea discovered in 2015, Lokiarchaeum (of proposed new Phylum "Lokiarchaeota"), named for a hydrothermal vent ... Cell division is controlled in a cell cycle; after the cell's chromosome is replicated and the two daughter chromosomes ... In euryarchaea the cell division protein FtsZ, which forms a contracting ring around the cell, and the components of the septum ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea

... but are rapidly required after differentiation into some lineages. Once the cell starts to differentiate, these bivalent ... SLBP levels are controlled by cell-cycle proteins, causing SLBP to accumulate as cells enter S phase and degrade as cells leave ... "Cell. 148 (4): 664-78. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.12.029. PMC 3281992. PMID 22325148.. ... "Cell. 153 (3): 590-600. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.025. PMC 3641580. PMID 23622243.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_modification

1999). "The mixed lineage kinase DLK utilizes MKK7 and not MKK4 as substrate". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (15): 10195-202. doi:10.1074/ ... The knockout studies in mice suggested the roles of this kinase in mediating survival signal in T cell development, as well as ... Cell. Biol. UNITED STATES. 20 (7): 2334-42. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.7.2334-2342.2000. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 85399 . PMID 10713157. Ito ... Cell. Biol. UNITED STATES. 19 (11): 7539-48. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.11.7539. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 84763 . PMID 10523642. Matsuura, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP2K4

... by hematopoietic lineage (cellular differentiation lineage).[6] Lymphocytes can be further classified as T cells, B cells, and ... T cells: *CD4+ helper T cells: T cells displaying co-receptor CD4 are known as CD4+ T cells. These cells have T-cell receptors ... B cells: releases antibodies and assists activation of T cells. *T cells: *CD4+ Th (T helper) cells: activate and regulate T ... Natural killer cells: virus-infected and tumor cells.. Deeply staining, eccentric. NK-cells and cytotoxic (CD8+) T-cells. Years ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_cell

heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules. • cell recognition. • homophilic cell adhesion via ... Hoek R.M., Ruuls S.R., Murphy C.A. et al. Down-regulation of the macrophage lineage through interaction with OX2 (CD200) (англ ... heterotypic cell-cell adhesion. • positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production. • cell-cell adhesion. • ... cell adhesion molecule binding. • protein binding involved in heterotypic cell-cell adhesion. • glycosylated region protein ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD200

Sturtevant, A. H. (1929). "The claret mutant type of Drosophila simulans: a study of chromosome elimination and cell-lineage". ... The 46/47 annotation indicates that the XY cells have the normal number of 46 total chromosomes, and the XXY cells have a total ... After further rounds of replication, this cell would result in a patch, or "clone" of cells mutant for the allele being studied ... they can be used to determine the tissue or cell type in which a given gene is required and to determine whether a gene is cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaicism

Cartmill, M.; Smith, F. H. (2011). The Human Lineage. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-21145-8.. ... Instead, it has sensitive touch receptors (Merkel cells). The rhinarium, upper lip, and gums are tightly connected by a fold of ... Using this molecular clock, divergence dates for the major primate lineages have suggested that primates evolved more than 80- ... geneticists and primatologists have used genetic analyses to determine the relatedness between primate lineages and the amount ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strepsirrhini

T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment. • regulation of immune response. • natural killer cell differentiation. ... Cell. Biol. 16 (9): 5026-35. PMC 231504. . PMID 8756661. *Lee YJ، Luisiri P، Clark MR (1996). "A novel complex, p40/42, is ... 2 and reduces adherence of natural killer cells, thereby protecting HTLV-1-infected primary CD4+ T cells from autologous ... natural killer cell proliferation. • immune system process. • positive regulation of interferon-gamma production. • positive ...

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLAMF6

Dean L (2005). "Chapter 5: The ABO blood group.". Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens. பார்த்த நாள் 2007-03-24. ... Ogasawara K, Bannai M, Saitou N, et al. (1996). "Extensive polymorphism of ABO blood group gene: three major lineages of the ... Laura Dean, MD (2005). Blood Groups an Red Cell Antigens. National Center for Biotechnology Information, United States ... O வகையல்லாத குருதி வகைகளுடன் (A, B, AB) ஒப்பிடும்போது, O குருதி வகையானது squamous cell carcinoma வருவதற்கான சூழிடர் 14% ...

https://ta.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ஏபிஓ_குருதி_குழு_முறைமை

... beginning with cleaning out their own cell after eating through their capped brood cell): feed brood, receive nectar, clean ... Notably, living representatives of the earliest lineages to diverge (Apis florea and Apis andreniformis) have their center of ... Eggs are laid singly in a cell in a wax honeycomb, produced and shaped by the worker bees. Using her spermatheca, the queen can ... They are the most ancient extant lineage of honey bees, maybe diverging in the Bartonian (some 40 million years ago or slightly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_Bee

... of cells in the cell cycle.[253]. *Mark Oliphant (1901-2000): Australian physicist and humanitarian. He played a fundamental ... "There is no clear record that he was professionally restricted in Russia because of his lineage, but he sympathized with the ... She is the George Barth Geller Professor of Research in Molecular Biology and Chair of the Department of Cell Biology at Duke ... Brigid Hogan FRS (1943-): British developmental biologist noted for her contributions to stem cell research and transgenic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_atheists_

The orphan nuclear receptor ROR-γ directs the differentiation program of proinflammatory IL-17+ T helper cells. Cell 126:1121- ... 17 lineage". Nature 441 (7090): 231-4. PMID 16648837. doi:10.1038/nature04754. ... Aggarwal S, Ghilardi N, Xie MH, de Sauvage FJ, Gurney AL (2003). "Interleukin-23 promotes a distinct CD4 T cell activation ... "Selective regulatory function of Socs3 in the formation of IL-17-secreting T cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (21): ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_17

"Three RNA cells for ribosomal lineages and three DNA viruses to replicate their genomes: a hypothesis for the origin of ... This is done in modern cells by ribosomes, a complex of several RNA molecules known as rRNA together with many proteins. The ... In segmented RNA viruses, "mating" can occur when a host cell is infected by at least two virus particles. If these viruses ... For two, rather than one, viable daughter cells to be produced would require an extra replication of the intact RNA gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_world

56,0 56,1 56,2 Fitt WK, Trench RK (1983) The relation of diel patterns of cell division to diel patterns of motility in the ... Santos SR, Shearer TL, Hannes AR, Coffroth MA (2004) Fine scale diversity and specificity in the most prevalent lineage of ... Santos SR, Shearer TL, Hannes AR, Coffroth MA (2004) Fine scale diversity and specificity in the most prevalent lineage of ... Markell DA, Trench RK, Iglesias-Prieto R (1992) Macromolecules associated with the cell-walls of symbiotic dinoflagellates. ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiodinium

"Cell Death and Control of Cell Survival in the Oligodendrocyte Lineage". Cell. 70 (1): 31-46. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90531-G ... PDGF[1][2] is a potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin, including fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and glial cells. In ... vascular smooth muscle cells and mesenchymal stem cells as well as chemotaxis, the directed migration, of mesenchymal cells. ... it is also produced by other cells including smooth muscle cells, activated macrophages, and endothelial cells[5] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor

Humans evolved from a lineage of upright-walking apes whose earliest fossils date from over 6 million years ago.[88] Although ... This change in the atmosphere increased their effectiveness as nurseries of evolution.[57] While eukaryotes, cells with complex ... Family-tree relationships may also help to narrow down the date when lineages first appeared. For instance, if fossils of B or ... Multicellular life is composed only of eukaryotic cells, and the earliest evidence for it is the Francevillian Group Fossils ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleontology

The cells are long and needleshaped, which gave the species its name, alluding to its "cryptical filaments". The Korarchaeota ... Analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences suggests that they are a deeply branching lineage that does not belong to the main ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korarchaeota

Cell Lineage and Developmental Studies in Hearing and Balance (R01) PA-07-127. NIDCD ... Title: Cell Lineage and Developmental Studies in Hearing and Balance (R01). Announcement Type This is a reissue of PA-04-118, ... Several accomplishments, such as the completion of detailed cell lineage and fate mapping analyses, the identification of key ... Advancement of fate mapping and lineage analysis done at single cell resolution using real-time assessment. ...

https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-07-127.html

... and genetic labeling of precursor cells (to determine cell lineages). In recent years, in vivo Cre/IoxP-based direct cell ... Lineage analyses allow the identification of progenitor cells from which mature cell types differentiate. Once identified, such ... Understanding pancreatic cell lineages is highly relevant for future cell replacement therapies in diabetic patients, helping ... islet endocrine cells derive from ngn3-expressing progenitor cells, and (iv) insulin cells do not derive from glucagon- ...

https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1385/ENDO%3A19%3A3%3A267

Here, MEMOIR cells were variably activated, as seen by the bright cyan nuclear fluorescence in some cells. The cells recorded ... "A critical step to solving this problem is to be able to track the progeny of cells-that is, their lineage. The funding from ... "The goal is for each cell to be able to tell us its own individual history, including its lineage and the specific molecular ... and work together to map lineage and developmental histories of cells.". "One of the fundamental questions in biology is to ...

http://www.admissions.caltech.edu/node/1722

2016) Cbx4 maintains the epithelial lineage identity and cell proliferation in the developing stratified epithelium. J. Cell ... Home , Cbx4 maintains the epithelial lineage identity and cell proliferation in the developing stratified epithelium ...

https://systembio.com/?citation=cbx4-maintains-the-epithelial-lineage-identity-and-cell-proliferation-in-the-developing-stratified-epithelium

Atkinson Direct conversion of one somatic cell to another somatic cell type, completely bypassing the pluripotent stage through ... the forced expression of lineage specific transcription factors has emerged as a large ... From Cell Stem Cell. By Stuart P. Atkinson. Direct conversion of one somatic cell to another somatic cell type, completely ... The Stem Cells Portal is a shared platform for the STEM CELLS and STEM CELLS Translational Medicine sister journals, providing ...

http://www.stemcellsportal.com/content/who-needs-pluripotency-direct-lineage-conversion-terminally-differentiated-hepatocytes

... algorithm that infers the evolution history of a cell population based on single-cell copy number (SCCN) profiles, and a ... MEDALT appears more accurate than phylogenetics approaches in reconstructing copy number lineage. From data from 20 triple- ... negative breast cancer patients, our approaches effectively prioritize genes that are essential for breast cancer cell fitness ... whichty facilitates discovery of fitness-associated alterations and genes from SCCN lineage trees. ...

https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-021-02291-5

... cells differentiated with IL-15 plus IL-21. Panel A: Molecular features of cytokine-differentiated CD34-lineage- cells. The e ... CD34-lineage- cells cultured with IL-15 and IL-21 harboured un-rearranged TCRγ genes, similar to freshly isolated CD34-lineage ... CD34-lineage- cells cultured with IL-15 and IL-21 harboured un-rearranged TCRγ genes, similar to freshly isolated CD34-lineage ... CD34-lineage- cells expanded by IL-21 in combination with IL-15 acquired lymphoid morphology and killer-cell immunoglobulin- ...

https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC2743656_1471-2172-10-46-4&req=4

The Stem Cell Lineage Database (SCLD) is a database of resources used to identify cell lineages. The Stem Cell Lineage Database ... "about cell type gene expression, cell lineage maps and stem cell differentiation protocols for both human and mouse stem cells ... A stem cell lineage database for the annotation of cell types and developmental lineages". Nucleic Acids Research. 39 (Database ... The Stem Cell Lineage Database could help compare stem cell information around the world and eliminate taking a global gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_lineage_database

Lineage analysis of intestinal epithelial cells. We have developed a method for single cell extraction of epithelial cells from ... In particular, the reconstruction of a cell lineage tree, capturing the cell division history of organism cells, can be ... The reconstructed cell lineage trees of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients demonstrated that leukemia cells at relapse were ... Quantifying the ability to reconstruct a cell-lineage tree using somatic mutations. The development of cells within a multi- ...

http://www.weizmann.ac.il/math/Shapiro/cell-lineage

... stochastic priming of multipotent progenitor cells in cell fate decision. (See Nature Reports Stem Cells). Phenotypic cell-to- ... Even in clonal populations of cells, there is significant phenotypic variation from cell to cell: Huang and colleagues analyse ... Such non-genetic cell individuality7 can arise from the slow fluctuations of protein levels8 in mammalian cells. These ... Preference in lineage choice was associated with increased expression of lineage-specific transcription factors, such as a ,200 ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06965?error=cookies_not_supported&code=d4d2a211-ac3f-44e7-85f0-4ecd732f0d94

Cell Lineage Identification RT2 Profiler PCR Array The Human Cell Lineage Identification RT² Profiler PCR Array profiles the ... Cell Lineage Identification RT2 Profiler PCR Array The Mouse Cell Lineage Identification RT² Profiler PCR Array profiles the ... Cell Lineage Identification RT2 Profiler PCR Array The Rat Cell Lineage Identification RT² Profiler PCR Array profiles the ... Cell Lineage Identification EpiTect ChIP qPCR Array The Human Cell Lineage EpiTect Chip qPCR Array profiles the histone ...

https://www.qiagen.com/us/shop/genes-and-pathways/complete-biology-list/cell-lineage/

View the latest Lineage Cell Therapeutics Inc. (BT3.DE) stock price, news, historical charts, analyst ratings and financial ... Research & Ratings Lineage Cell Therapeutics Inc.BT3. Per-Share Earnings, Actuals and Estimates. ... Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. operates as a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing new cellular therapies for ...

https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/DE/XBER/BT3

i, Overlay of g and h revealed that Tbx18-lineage-traced cells in heart were cardiac-troponin-T-positive cells. In g-i, lower ... For Tbx18-lineage-traced cells at E13.5, see . g, β-galactosidase antibody staining on Tbx18-lineage-traced tissue at E11.5. h ... e-g, Real-time Ca2+ transients of cells derived from single Tbx18-lineage-traced proepicardial cells after myocytic ... c, Tbx18-lineage-traced proepicardial cells (Tbx18:Cre/R26REYFP) were disassociated and single cells were expanded in ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18480752?dopt=Abstract

NYSE American and TASE: BTX), a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing novel cell therapies for unmet medical needs, ... Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. - 8-K, Current Report. 08.05.. Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. (LCTX) CEO Brian Culley on Q1 ... Aktien»Nachrichten»LINEAGE CELL THERAPEUTICS AKTIE»BioTime Announces Name Change to Lineage Cell Therapeutics ... "Our new brand defines us within our field: we control the lineage of pluripotent cells and transplant those differentiated cell ...

https://www.finanznachrichten.de/nachrichten-2019-07/47416268-biotime-announces-name-change-to-lineage-cell-therapeutics-004.htm

... cells to undergo differentiation in vitro complements their ability to contribute to numerous tissues in vivo and provides a ... Embryonic Stem Cell Tissue Culture Dish Vascular Development Cell Clump Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation These keywords were ... Bautch V.L. (2002) Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation and the Vascular Lineage. In: Turksen K. (eds) Embryonic Stem Cells. ... a novel vascular cell-cell adhesion molecule. J. Cell Biol. 114, 1059-1068.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ...

https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1385/1-59259-241-4:117

A histone-YFP marker was used to allow identification of cell lineages and easy counting of cells. Constitutive expression of a ... and the fate of the marked cells can be followed non-invasively. We have used the system to map cell lineages originating from ... Marking cell lineages in living tissues.. Kurup S1, Runions J, Köhler U, Laplaze L, Hodge S, Haseloff J. ... The lineage marking technique enabled us to measure the differential contribution of primary root pericycle cell files to ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15842628?dopt=Abstract

... or the presence of multiple different cell populations within the same tumor that have distinct characteristics such as gene ... Study: Mammary basal cell lineage contributes to breast cancer heterogeneity. *Download PDF Copy ... The team identified that the mammary basal cell lineage contributes to breast cancer heterogeneity, fueling the outgrowth of ... Tags: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Carcinomas, Cell, Education, Evolution, Gene, Gene Expression, Genetic, Kinase, Medicine, ...

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20201029/Study-Mammary-basal-cell-lineage-contributes-to-breast-cancer-heterogeneity.aspx

Here we present a stochastic continuum model for cell lineages to investigate how both layer thickness and layer stratification ... The layer stratification usually deteriorates as the noise level increases in the cell lineage systems. Interestingly, the ... We find that the cell-intrinsic noise often causes reduction and oscillation of layer size whereas the cell-extrinsic noise ... lineages of cells differentiate and proliferate in a coordinated way to provide the desirable size and spatial organization of ...

https://aimsciences.org/article/doi/10.3934/dcdsb.2018339?viewType=html

... cell lineage include Co-localization of Cell Lineage Markers and the Tomato Signal, Cell Lineage Analyses and Gene Function ... Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets, Ablation of a Single Cell From Eight-cell ... Live Imaging Followed by Single Cell Tracking to Monitor Cell Biology and the Lineage Progression of Multiple Neural ... Cell Sorting of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells from the Adult Mouse Subventricular Zone and Live-imaging of their Cell Cycle ...

https://www.jove.com/keyword/cell+lineage

... hematopoietic lineages analyzed in blood (erythrocytes, platelets, myeloid cells, T cells, and B cells). Here, we chose to ... myeloid cells, T cells, and B cells in all recipient mice. These reconstituted hematopoietic cells were still readily ... Distinct B-cell lineage commitment distinguishes adult bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells. Eliver Eid Bou Ghosn, Ryo Yamamoto ... 2006) Phenotypically distinct B cell development pathways map to the three B cell lineages in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/109/14/5394.long

... the early mouse embryo consists of three distinct cell lineages: the epiblast (EPI), primitive endoderm (PrE), and ... Inner Cell Mass Asymmetric Division Cell Fate Decision Lineage Bias Inner Cell Mass Cell These keywords were added by machine ... Johnson MH, Ziomek CA (1981) The foundation of two distinct cell lineages within the mouse morula. Cell 24:71-80PubMedCrossRef ... 2012) Cell Lineage Allocation Within the Inner Cell Mass of the Mouse Blastocyst. In: Kubiak J. (eds) Mouse Development. ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-30406-4_10

... cells and CD41+ (megakaryocyte marker) cells, CD34+CD71+ (EP/erythrocyte marker) cells, and CD71+ (erythrocyte marker) cells ( ... MkP cells and CD41+ megakaryocyte cells. Under the five-cytokine mixture culture condition, CD34+CD41+ cells represented ∼10% ... To explore the lineage-specific gene expression changes in those cells, expression levels of SCL, LMO2, and RUNX1 were analyzed ... Screening for genes that regulate the differentiation of human megakaryocytic lineage cells. Fangfang Zhu, Mingye Feng, Rahul ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/115/40/E9308?ijkey=11be7650d4e63fc2a5f4b8913a001dcadb89a144&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

NYSE American and TASE: LCTX), a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing novel cell therapies for unmet medic ... About Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. Lineage Cell Therapeutics is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing novel cell ... Vice President and Head of Global Development at Lineage Cell Therapeutics. Early data from Lineages Vision Restoration ... Lineage Cell Therapeutics Awarded NIH Grant for Innovative Vision Restoration Program August 13, 2019 08:00 AM Eastern Daylight ...

https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190813005225/en/Lineage-Cell-Therapeutics-Awarded-NIH-Grant-Innovative

... Martin Raff, Yasu Tokumoto, and Dean Tang ... MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2001/595026/abs/

C. M. Flynn and D. S. Kaufman, "Donor cell leukemia: insight into cancer stem cells and the stem cell niche," Blood, vol. 109, ... K. Akashi, "Lymphoid lineage fate decision of hematopoietic stem cells," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1176 ... Lineage Switching in Acute Leukemias: A Consequence of Stem Cell Plasticity?. Elisa Dorantes-Acosta1,2,3 and Rosana Pelayo2 ... E. V. Rothenberg, "T cell lineage commitment: identity and renunciation," Journal of Immunology, vol. 186, no. 12, pp. 6649- ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmr/2012/406796/ref/

Transcription Factors and Helper T Cell Lineage Determination Message Subject. (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from ...

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/307/5708/313.12

A CLP gives rise to the lymphoid lineage of white blood cells or leukocytes-the natural killer (NK) cells and the T and B ... Hematopoietic cell lineage - Reference pathway [ Pathway menu , Organism menu , Pathway entry , Show description , User data ... Cells undergoing these differentiation process express a stage- and lineage-specific set of surface markers. Therefore cellular ... A CMP gives rise to the myeloid lineage, which comprises the rest of the leukocytes, the erythrocytes (red blood cells), and ...

http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?map04640

... have published a comprehensive lineage tree of a whole adult animal in the journal Science. This was made possible by a ... From one stem cell to many differentiated body cells: Scientists from the MDC in Berlin, along with collaborating researchers ... sequencing of purified stem cells and cells from stem cell-depleted animals; gene expression changes; unsupervised lineage tree ... 2018): "Cell type atlas and lineage tree of a whole complex animal by single-cell transcriptomics,", Science. Advance Online ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-04/mdcf-acc041918.php

Osteoblast-lineage cells expressed Wnt5a, whereas osteoclast precursors expressed Ror2. Mice deficient in either Wnt5a or Ror2 ... Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling between osteoblast-lineage cells and osteoclast precursors enhances osteoclastogenesis Nat Med. 2012 Feb ... We showed that Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling between osteoblast-lineage cells and osteoclast precursors enhanced osteoclastogenesis. ... and those with either osteoclast precursor-specific Ror2 deficiency or osteoblast-lineage cell-specific Wnt5a deficiency showed ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22344299/?dopt=Abstract

Here the authors analyze the B cell repertoire in macaques and knock-in mice in response to sequential immunization with Env ... Macaque memory B cell single-cell sorting and phenotyping. We performed single-cell isolation of macaque memory B cells ... in order to provide a survival advantage to bnAb B cell lineages over "off-target" B cell lineages. It will also be critical to ... Gao, F. et al. Cooperation of B cell lineages in induction of HIV-1-broadly neutralizing antibodies. Cell 158, 481-491 (2014). ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01336-3?error=cookies_not_supported&code=db1dc128-2d80-43c2-a702-96430fbebd63

Many of these genes are mutated in human diseases that affect crest-derived lineages. At the same time, decades of work on the ... Cellular and molecular biology of neural crest cell lineage determination Trends Genet. 1997 Jul;13(7):276-80. doi: 10.1016/ ... Many of these genes are mutated in human diseases that affect crest-derived lineages. At the same time, decades of work on the ... generating new insights into the segregation of different lineages and the role played by environmental signals in the lineage- ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9242050/?dopt=Abstract

Lineage Relationship Analysis of RORγt+ Innate Lymphoid Cells By Shinichiro Sawa, Marie Cherrier, Matthias Lochner, Naoko Satoh ... Lineage Relationship Analysis of RORγt+ Innate Lymphoid Cells By Shinichiro Sawa, Marie Cherrier, Matthias Lochner, Naoko Satoh ... Lineage Relationship Analysis of RORγt+ Innate Lymphoid Cells Message Subject. (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from ... We show here that LTi cells are part of a larger family of proinflammatory RORγt+ innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that ...

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2010/09/23/science.1194597

Hematopoietic cell lineage - Homo sapiens (human) [ Pathway menu , Organism menu , Pathway entry , Download KGML , Show ... A CLP gives rise to the lymphoid lineage of white blood cells or leukocytes-the natural killer (NK) cells and the T and B ... Cells undergoing these differentiation process express a stage- and lineage-specific set of surface markers. Therefore cellular ... A CMP gives rise to the myeloid lineage, which comprises the rest of the leukocytes, the erythrocytes (red blood cells), and ...

http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?hsa04640+3674

iNKT cells require TSC1 for terminal maturation and effector lineage fate decisions. ... iNKT cells require TSC1 for terminal maturation and effector lineage fate decisions. ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/120531/pdf

Mesenchymal cell contributions to the stem cell niche. Cell Stem Cell. 2015;16(3):239-253.. View this article via: PubMed ... PGC-1α controls skeletal stem cell fate and bone-fat balance in osteoporosis and skeletal aging by inducing TAZ. Cell Stem Cell ... The dead cells were marked by using a fixable dead cell stain kit (Molecular Probes), and living cells were gated for lack of ... Sensory nerves regulate mesenchymal stromal cell lineage commitment by tuning sympathetic tones. Bo Hu,1,2 Xiao Lv,1,3 Hao Chen ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/131554

... Stanczuk, Lukas Uppsala University ... Cell reports On the subject. Cell and Molecular Biology Search outside of DiVA. GoogleGoogle Scholar. ... Using genetic lineage tracing, we uncovered that part of the mesenteric lymphatic vasculature was derived from cKit lineage ... Using genetic lineage tracing, we demonstrate that part of the mesenteric lymphatic vasculature develops from cKit lineage ...

http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A807436&c=1&searchType=SIMPLE&language=en&query=&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%7B%22personId%22%3A%22authority-person%3A21228+OR+0000-0002-3436-3278%22%7D%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=all

Whereas CD4+ T cells have a predominantly regulatory role, CD8+ T cells are essentially responsible for killing infected cells- ... cells than on CD8+ T cells (13). This indicates a special sensitivity of the CD4+ lineage to Lck signaling beyond what was ... specifies CD8 lineage choice and promotes the differentiation of cytotoxic-lineage T cells. Nat. Immunol. 11, 257-264 (2010).. ... lineage. In the absence of a strong Lck signal, DP2 cells differentiate into DP3 cells, a process that is accompanied by the ...

https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/3/114/pe11?ijkey=a8720f58790b8fcdadc7586f4406d3f7616e340d&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Interleukin-21 induces the differentiation of human umbilical cord blood CD34-lineage- cells into pseudomature lytic NK cells. (nih.gov)
IL-21 is a crucial regulator of NK cell function, whose influence on IL-15-induced differentiation of CD34-lineage- cells has not been investigated previously. (nih.gov)
The present study was designed and conducted to address whether IL-21 might replace the stromal cell requirements and foster the IL-15-induced NK differentiation of human UCB CD34-lineage- cells. (nih.gov)
Cytokine-treated cells were used to evaluate cell surface phenotype, expression of molecular determinants of lymphoid/NK cell differentiation, secretion of IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha and CCL3/MIP-1alpha, and cytolytic activity against NK-sensitive tumour cell targets. (nih.gov)
This study underpins a novel role for IL-21 in the differentiation of pseudo-mature lytic NK cells in a synergistic context with IL-15, and identifies a potential strategy to expand functional NK cells for immunotherapy. (nih.gov)
Aijö T, Edelman SM, Lönnberg T, Larjo A, Kallionpää H, Tuomela S, Engström E, Lahesmaa R, Lähdesmäki H. (2012) An integrative computational systems biology approach identifies differentially regulated dynamic transcriptome signatures which drive the initiation of human T helper cell differentiation. (btk.fi)

Considerable knowledge of the ontogeny of the endocrine pancreas has been gained in recent years, mainly through the use of two complementary genetic approaches in transgenic mice: gene inactivation or over-expression (to assess gene function) and genetic labeling of precursor cells (to determine cell lineages). (springer.com)

In recent years, in vivo Cre/ IoxP -based direct cell tracing experiments show that (i) all pancreatic cells differentiate from pdx1 -expressing precursors, (ii) p48 is involved in the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic lineages, (iii) islet endocrine cells derive from ngn3 -expressing progenitor cells, and (iv) insulin cells do not derive from glucagon-expressing progenitors. (springer.com)

Lineage analyses allow the identification of progenitor cells from which mature cell types differentiate. (springer.com)
In addition to CD34-expressing haematopoietic stem cells (HSC), human UCB contains a rare population of CD34-lineage- cells endowed with the ability to differentiate along the T/NK pathway in response to interleukin (IL)-15 and a stromal cell support. (nih.gov)

If somatic mutation rates are similar to those in mice, the results indicate that precise insights into development and mutagenesis of normal human cells will be possible. (ox.ac.uk)

We present a Minimal Event Distance Aneuploidy Lineage Tree (MEDALT) algorithm that infers the evolution history of a cell population based on single-cell copy number (SCCN) profiles, and a statistical routine named lineage speciation analysis (LSA), whichty facilitates discovery of fitness-associated alterations and genes from SCCN lineage trees. (biomedcentral.com)
From data from 20 triple-negative breast cancer patients, our approaches effectively prioritize genes that are essential for breast cancer cell fitness and predict patient survival, including those implicating convergent evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
IL-21/IL-15-differentiated cells expressed high levels of mRNA for Bcl-2, GATA-3 and Id2, a master switch required for NK-cell development, and harboured un-rearranged TCRgamma genes. (nih.gov)

For each lineage, we determine the total number of adult-specific neurons generated as well as number and pattern of en-expressing cells. (qxmd.com)
approximately half of the immature adult-specific neurons in three of the four lineages are eliminated by cell death during postembryonic development. (qxmd.com)
Moreover, we show that programmed cell death selectively affects en-positive versus en-negative cells in a lineage-specific manner and, thus, controls the relative number of en-expressing neurons in each lineage. (qxmd.com)

CD34-lineage- cells expanded by IL-21 in combination with IL-15 acquired lymphoid morphology and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)-CD56+CD16-/+ phenotype, consistent with pseudo-mature NK cells. (nih.gov)

Tripathi SK, Lahesmaa R. (2014) Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of T-helper lineage specification. (btk.fi)

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is enriched with transplantable CD34+ cells. (nih.gov)

Molecular profile of CD34-lineage- cells differentiated with IL-15 plus IL-21. (nih.gov)
Panel A: Molecular features of cytokine-differentiated CD34-lineage- cells. (nih.gov)

Segregation of postembryonic neuronal and glial lineages inferred from a mosaic analysis of the Drosophila larval brain. (qxmd.com)

J. Cell Biol. (systembio.com)

Cell lineage-specific expression and function of the empty spiracles gene in adult brain development of Drosophila melanogaster. (qxmd.com)
Using somatic base substitutions, we reconstructed the early cell divisions of each animal, demonstrating the contributions of embryonic cells to adult tissues. (ox.ac.uk)

Here, we focus on four postembryonic neuroblast lineages in the central brain identified on the basis that they express the homeobox gene engrailed (en). (qxmd.com)

A critical role for cyclin E in cell fate determination in the central nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster. (qxmd.com)

However, studies based on bulk tissue samples cannot fully depict the history of tumor evolution, which occurs in single-cell resolution [ 14 ], and thus have limited power to discover the associated genetic drivers. (biomedcentral.com)
These SCCN profiles not only present a rich pool of genetic perturbations that are invisible at tissue level, but also potentiate reconstruction of cellular lineage, based on which the impact of an allele on cellular fitness can be measured. (biomedcentral.com)

The somatic mutations present in the genome of a cell accumulate over the lifetime of a multicellular organism. (ox.ac.uk)

The expression of mRNA specific for the NK-associated transcription factor Id2 and for Bcl-2 and GATA-3 was investigated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in freshly isolated (day 0) and cytokine-differentiated CD34-lineage- cells (week +4), as previously detailed [5]. (nih.gov)

During embryonic development, pluripotent stem cells. (qiagen.com)
Artus J, Panthier JJ, Hadjantonakis AK (2010) A role for PDGF signaling in expansion of the extra-embryonic endoderm lineage of the mouse blastocyst. (springer.com)
Chambers I, Smith A (2004) Self-renewal of teratocarcinoma and embryonic stem cells. (springer.com)
Regulation of mesodermal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells by basement membranes. (labome.org)
Furthermore, we have established embryonic stem (ES) cells from the blastocysts of the transgenic mouse that carry the 1.2 kb promoter-LacZ reporter transgene. (biologists.org)
1993 ) Embryonic stem cell model systems for vascular morphogenesis and cardiac disorders. (biologists.org)
Bollerot K, Pouget C, Jaffredo T. The embryonic origins of hematopoietic stem cells: a tale of hemangioblast and hemogenic endothelium. (labome.org)
Directing human embryonic stem cell differentiation towards a renal lineage generates a self-organizing kidney. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In this study, we have successfully directed the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) through posterior primitive streak and IM under fully chemically defined monolayer culture conditions using growth factors used during normal embryogenesis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
However, it has never been shown convincingly that, in humans, these tumours are truly totipotent and can also give rise to the germ lineage, the third major differentiation lineage occurring early during embryonic life. (ovid.com)
The advent of reprogramming and its impact on stem cell biology has renewed interest in lineage restriction in mammalian embryos, the source of embryonic (ES), epiblast (EpiSC), trophoblast (TS), and extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) stem cell lineages. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
This volume brings together current information on the localization and roles of RNAs in cell-lineage determination and subsequent patterning in embryonic development. (bookdepository.com)
A parallel study was conducted on embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and iPSCs to analyze the synergistic effect of VEGF and shear stress in improving EC differentiation. (bmj.com)
Lineage commitment of embryonic cells involves MEK1 -dependent clearance of pluripotency regulator Ventx2 . (xenbase.org)

Thereafter, lineage-specific transcription factors display a mutually exclusive salt-and-pepper distribution that reflects cell specification of the EPI or PrE fates. (springer.com)
The order of expression of transcription factors directs hierarchical specification of hematopoietic lineages," Genes and Development , vol. 20, no. 21, pp. 3010-3021, 2006. (hindawi.com)
Specification of T cell lineage in the thymus is controlled by the timing and strength of signaling of the tyrosine kinase Zap70. (sciencemag.org)
The best understood of these signals are effects of Notch1 engagement with Delta ligands provided in the environment of the thymus, which are needed for T cell specification throughout the lineage-choice process and only become dispensable after T cell fate is confirmed ( 1 - 3 ). (jimmunol.org)
Here we review the roles of critical transcription factors that are required for specific aspects of epicardial development, EMT, and EPDC lineage specification in development and disease. (mdpi.com)
Abnormal pericyte lineage specification and microvascular dysfunction accompanied by loss of distal lung tissue structure in vivo via deregulation of BMPR2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in lung MPCs. (jci.org)
Within the hematopoietic stem cell (Lin − Sca-1 + c-Kit + ) compartment these lineage-specific transcription factors are expressed at low levels but are up-regulated with the process of lineage specification. (bloodjournal.org)
These results provide a comprehensive stem cell proteomic resource and enable new approaches to interrogate the mechanisms that regulate cell fate specification. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Many regulatory components, such as transcription factors, cytokines/cytokine receptors, and signal transduction molecules orchestrate cell fate specification and determination. (altmetric.com)
In addition, Notch signaling both suppresses and activates transcription factors Hindsight (Hnt) and Cut during spermathecal lineage specification, supporting the notion that Notch signaling can have opposite biological outcomes in different cellular environments. (g3journal.org)
Specification of the Cell Lineages: Determinants of Cell and Positional Fate in Ascidian Embryos, W.R. Jeffery. (bookdepository.com)
The fine balance between HSC expansion and lineage specification is dynamically regulated by the interplay between external and internal stimuli. (cnrs.fr)

We gained new data demonstrating that colon epithelium is clustered separately from hematopoietic and other cell types, indicating that the colon is constituted of few progenitors and ruling out significant renewal of colonic epithelium from hematopoietic cells during adulthood. (weizmann.ac.il)
Lineage analysis of muscle-bound primordial stem cells from myofiber-associated myogenic and nonmyogenic progenitors. (weizmann.ac.il)
Moreover, manipulation of cardiac myocyte progenitors has potential for cell-based repair strategies for various myocardial disorders. (nih.gov)
Tbx18-expressing cardiac progenitors also give rise to cardiac fibroblasts and coronary smooth muscle cells. (nih.gov)
The pluripotency of Tbx18 proepicardial cells provides a theoretical framework for applying these progenitors to effect cardiac repair and regeneration. (nih.gov)
Megakaryocyte progenitors (MkPs), derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), play major roles in hemostasis, thrombosis, inflammation, and vascular biology through generating platelets. (pnas.org)
Lymphoid progenitors and primary routes to becoming cells of the immune system," Current Opinion in Immunology , vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 100-107, 2005. (hindawi.com)
Interferon-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs) arise via a unique differentiation pathway from primitive c-kitHiCD62L+ lymphoid progenitors," Blood , vol. 109, no. 11, pp. 4825-4931, 2007. (hindawi.com)
Cell-fate conversion of lymphoid-committed progenitors by instructive actions of cytokines," Nature , vol. 407, no. 6802, pp. 383-386, 2000. (hindawi.com)
Here, we have shown that lineage-labeled lung MPCs expressing the ATP-binding cassette protein ABCG2 (ABCG2 + ) are pericyte progenitors that participate in microvascular homeostasis as well as adaptive angiogenesis. (jci.org)
We show that Cebpa/EYFP + cells represent a significant subset of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors, which predominantly give rise to myeloid cells in steady-state hematopoiesis. (bloodjournal.org)
In addition, Cebpa/EYFP + cells compose a fraction of early thymic progenitors with robust myeloid potential. (bloodjournal.org)
However, Cebpa/EYFP + multipotent hematopoietic progenitors and early thymic progenitors retained the ability to develop into erythroid and T-lymphoid lineages, respectively. (bloodjournal.org)
These findings support an instructive but argue against a lineage-restrictive role of C/EBPα in multipotent hematopoietic and thymic progenitors. (bloodjournal.org)
In the classic hierarchical model, common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) arise from MPPs and can form all cells of the lymphoid lineage but have lost all myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic potential. (bloodjournal.org)
IFN-γ alone leads to aplastic anemia by disrupting the generation of common myeloid progenitors and lineage differentiation. (bloodjournal.org)
The data suggest that AA occurs when IFN-γ inhibits the generation of myeloid progenitors and prevents lineage differentiation, as opposed to infiltration of activated T cells. (bloodjournal.org)
This review is about the properties of various highly purified tissue-specific multipotent stem cells and purified oligolineage progenitors. (caltech.edu)
It is interesting that in the hematopoietic system the only long-term self-renewing cells in the stem and progenitors pool are the hematopoietic stem cells. (caltech.edu)
Identified markers also allowed prospective isolation and characterization of viable lineage progenitors from blastocysts by flow cytometry. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Blood cell production from HSCs occurs in a stepwise manner through development of intermediate progenitors that gradually loose lineage potentials. (diva-portal.org)

Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. operates as a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing new cellular therapies for degenerative retinal diseases, neurological conditions associated with demyelination, and aiding the body in detecting and combating cancer. (wsj.com)
ALAMEDA, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--BioTime, Inc. (NYSE American and TASE: BTX), a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing novel cell therapies for unmet medical needs, today announced it is launching a new corporate brand, including a change of its corporate name to Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc., effective August 12, 2019. (finanznachrichten.de)
The new website for Lineage Cell Therapeutics will be www.lineagecell.com. (finanznachrichten.de)
Our new brand defines us within our field: we control the lineage of pluripotent cells and transplant those differentiated cell types into patients as therapeutics. (finanznachrichten.de)
CARLSBAD, Calif.--( BUSINESS WIRE )-- Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. (NYSE American and TASE: LCTX), a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing novel cell therapies for unmet medical needs, today announced that it has been awarded a new $670,621 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant to advance its Vision Restoration Program, the Company's proprietary and innovative program generating 3-dimensional human retinal tissue derived from pluripotent cells. (businesswire.com)
Grants for ophthalmology research from the NIH are highly competitive and we believe this new award and funding of our Vision Restoration Program serves as external validation of the potential of our approach to restore retinal tissue and provides continued proof of progress which builds upon prior SBIR grant awards received to date," stated Francois Binette, Ph.D., Sr. Vice President and Head of Global Development at Lineage Cell Therapeutics. (businesswire.com)
Lineage Cell Therapeutics is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing novel cell therapies for unmet medical needs. (businesswire.com)
Lineage Cell Therapeutics was awarded a grant worth more than $500,000 for the development of a bio-retinal patch for the treatment of retinal diseases, according to a press release. (healio.com)
The patch is being developed by Cell Cure Neurosciences, a subsidiary of Lineage Cell Therapeutics, in partnership with Precise Bio. (healio.com)
The clinical data we are generating from our OpRegen program is increasing our confidence in the use of cell transplants to treat serious retinal conditions such as dry AMD," Brian M. Culley , CEO of Lineage Cell Therapeutics, said in the release. (healio.com)
Lineage Cell Therapeutics received the CE Mark for its Renevia resorbable matrix, a Class III device used in treating facial lipoatrophy. (fdanews.com)
CARLSBAD, Calif.--( BUSINESS WIRE )-- Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. (NYSE American and TASE: LCTX), a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing three novel cell therapies for serious medical conditions, today announced positive interim results from the ongoing 24-patient Phase 1/2a clinical study of Lineage's lead product candidate, OpRegen ® . (businesswire.com)

ii) myofiber-associated non-myogenic and myogenic cells share the same muscle-bound primordial stem cells of a lineage distinct from bone marrow MSCs. (weizmann.ac.il)
We discovered that in the reconstructed lineage trees oocytes cluster distinctly from cells of bone marrow origin, show no lineage barrier between ovaries and increase in depth (number of cell divisions since the zygote) with mouse age, an increase accelerated after unilateral ovariectomy. (weizmann.ac.il)
Single-cell analyses confirmed that sialoadhesin selectively bound myeloid cells in complex cell mixtures obtained from the bone marrow and blood. (jci.org)
Studies here finally demonstrate that individual HSCs sorted from adult bone marrow and transferred to lethally irradiated recipients clearly give rise to B-2, MZ B, and B-1b, but does not detectably reconstitute B-1a cells. (pnas.org)
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) derived from adult bone marrow (BM) is commonly thought to have multilineage potential, meaning that the HSC is considered capable of reconstituting all lymphoid, myeloid, and erythroid lineages of the immune system ( 1 , 2 ). (pnas.org)
Derivation of 2 categories of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in murine bone marrow," Blood , vol. 105, no. 11, pp. 4407-4415, 2005. (hindawi.com)
P. Perez-Vera, A. Reyes-Leon, and E. M. Fuentes-Panana, "Signaling proteins and transcription factors in normal and malignant early B cell development," Bone Marrow Research , vol. 2011, Article ID 502751, 2011. (hindawi.com)
We have previously shown that both mature and UCA gp41 MPER bnAb heavy- (HC) and light-chain (LC) gene-rearranged (V H DJ H /V L J L ) KI mice have severe bone marrow (BM) deletion, and the few remaining B cells in the periphery are anergic, resulting in massive reduction in BM precursor frequency of MPER bnAbs 16 . (nature.com)
Furthermore, specific ablation of Nfil3 in either immature NK cells in the bone marrow or mature peripheral NK cells had no observable effect on NK cell lineage maintenance or homeostasis. (rupress.org)
In the bone marrow, expression of eGFP moderately increases in the transition from Pro- to Pre-B-cells, however in the periphery eGFP significantly increases in the B-1 stage of differentiation. (jimmunol.org)
In these mice, we did not detect infiltration of T cells in bone marrow (BM), and the existing T cells seemed to be hyporesponsive. (bloodjournal.org)
Preparation of whole bone marrow for mass cytometry analysis of neutrophil-lineage cells" Journal of Visual Experiments (2019): doi: 10.3791/59617. (fluidigm.com)
The blood consist of many different specialized cells that all derive from rare hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) located in the bone marrow in mice and humans. (diva-portal.org)

1994) Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM/CD31): alternatively spliced, functionally distinct isoforms expressed during mammalian cardiovascular development. (springer.com)
A key hurdle in treating breast cancers is intratumoral heterogeneity, or the presence of multiple different cell populations within the same tumor that have distinct characteristics such as gene expression, metabolism and ability to divide, spread and grow. (news-medical.net)
These differences in B-cell reconstitution capabilities of adult versus neonatal BM underlie the idea that B-1 and B-2 belong to distinct developmental lineages derived from distinct HSCs ( 13 ). (pnas.org)
At the time of implantation, the early mouse embryo consists of three distinct cell lineages: the epiblast (EPI), primitive endoderm (PrE), and trophectoderm (TE). (springer.com)
The program and its award are distinct from OpRegen ® , the Company's clinical-stage cell therapy program which features the sub-retinal delivery of retinal pigment epithelium cells for the treatment of dry-AMD. (businesswire.com)
Mature T cells with an αβ TCR are classified according to two major distinct subsets based on the mutually exclusive presence of the co-receptors CD4 and CD8, which play essential roles in recognition of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and I ligands, respectively, and in the recruitment of the tyrosine kinase Lck to the TCR complex. (sciencemag.org)
Notch1), and expression of distinct homing receptors separately contribute to confirmation of T cell identity. (jimmunol.org)
Dr. Michael Moeller, Chief Scientist at American CryoStem, stated, "The development of rapid, efficient and reproducible methods of differentiating distinct mature cells from adipose tissue will prove invaluable to the Regenerative Medicine industry. (cnbc.com)
Molecularly distinct models of zebrafish Myc-induced B cell leukemia. (harvard.edu)
Montarras D, Lindon C, Pinset C, Domeyne P. Cultured myf5 null and myoD null muscle precursor cells display distinct growth defects. (labome.org)
Using a number of newly available, distinct, immunohistochemical markers, such as OCT3/4, VASA and TSPY, the occurrence of germ cells was investigated in a number of germ cell tumours. (ovid.com)
Furthermore, LEP-derived epithelial cells (ECs) and ACs show distinct cellular morphology and are essential for securing secretory units to the epithelial lumen. (g3journal.org)
SCC stem cells had distinct accessibility profiles compared with those of homeostatic hair follicle and epidermal stem cells, and binding motifs for SOX9, normally expressed only in the hair follicle lineage, and KLF5, normally expressed in the epidermis stem cell lineage, were highly accessible in SCC stem cells. (aacrjournals.org)

J. R. Boiko and L. Borghesi, "Hematopoiesis sculpted by pathogens: toll-like receptors and inflammatory mediators directly activate stem cells," Cytokine , vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 2012. (hindawi.com)
Interrogation of human hematopoiesis at single-cell and single-variant resolution. (harvard.edu)
These findings suggest that neural cell adhesion molecules expressed on FMS/PA6-P cells play a crucial role in the human hematopoiesis-supporting ability of the cell line. (labome.org)
These results unveiled a previously unknown role of HDAC11 in hematopoiesis, regulating leukocyte lineage differentiation and expansion. (jimmunol.org)
The inhibitory effect of IFN-γ on hematopoiesis is intrinsic to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. (bloodjournal.org)
One of the fundamental questions in hematopoiesis relates to how the maturation of the cells is controlled and driven towards defined cell fates. (diva-portal.org)
We will further focus on discoveries made by studying hematopoiesis at single-cell resolution. (cnrs.fr)

Three key components are necessary for this database to be effective: cell type-specific gene expression profiles, anatomical and developmental relationships between cells and tissues and signals important for development and differentiation of stem cells to mature cell types. (wikipedia.org)
The Stem Cell Lineage Database could help compare stem cell information around the world and eliminate taking a global gene expression profiling approach, which although sufficient, is not as effective as it could be. (wikipedia.org)
Although their unique gene expression profiles eventually reverted to that of the median cells, revealing an attractor state, they lasted long enough to confer a greatly different proclivity for choosing either the erythroid or the myeloid lineage. (nature.com)
Stochastic gene expression in a single cell. (nature.com)
QIAGEN provides a broad range of assay technologies for cell lineage research that enable analysis of gene expression and regulation, epigenetic modification, genotyping, and signal transduction pathway activation. (qiagen.com)
J Clin Pathol Mol Pathol 2002;55:294-9) suggested that the MDA-MB-435 cell line, a cell line extensively used for studying breast cancer biology, has a gene expression pattern most compatible with melanocyte origin. (aacrjournals.org)
Epigenetics has often been discussed in the context of the maintenance of cell identity because of the heritable nature of gene expression status. (wiley.com)
Patterns of gene expression, like classical histological stains, are essential markers in the quest to understand tissue biology, but are entirely insufficient to reliably identify stem cells or to understand tissue dynamics. (stembook.org)
1994 ) Endothelial-cell-specific regulation of von Willebrand factor gene expression. (biologists.org)
By regulating gene expression, REST participates in the orderly developmental transition from a neuroepithelial precursor or stem cell to a functional neuron. (suny.edu)
Our goals herein were to determine if BG02 cells form trophoblast-like cells (a) in the presence of BMP4-plus-basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and (b) upon EB formation, and (c) whether the BMP4 antagonist noggin elicits direct effects on gene expression and hormone production in the cells. (scirp.org)
Articles address structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth. (bookdepository.com)
Consistently, when Ventx2 lacked a functional PEST-destruction motif, it was stabilized, displayed symmetric distribution during cell division and could efficiently maintain pluripotency gene expression over time. (xenbase.org)

In all assays, sialoadhesin exhibited specific, differential binding to various murine cell populations of hemopoietic origin. (jci.org)
In comparison, a recombinant Fc-chimeric form of murine CD22 showed high binding to B and T lymphocytes, but very low binding to immature and mature myeloid cells. (jci.org)
However, more detailed examination of the reconstituted B cells derived from HSCs taken at different times during development reveals differences in reconstitution efficiency for the four currently recognized murine B-cell subsets, [i.e. (pnas.org)
Goldstein J, Balderas R, Marodon G. Continuous activation of the CD122/STAT-5 signaling pathway during selection of antigen-specific regulatory T cells in the murine thymus. (labome.org)
Our results reveal that continuous activation of the CD122/STAT-5 signaling pathway characterize regulatory lineage differentiation in the murine thymus. (labome.org)
Signaling through the two members of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases, alpha and beta, plays critical roles in the cNCC lineage to regulate craniofacial development during murine embryogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we examined the effect of ablating both Pdgfra and Pdgfrb in the murine NCC lineage on earlier craniofacial development and determined the cellular mechanisms by which the observed phenotypes arose. (frontiersin.org)

We used extensive measurements of somatic mutations in individual single cells isolated from different healthy and diseased tissues from mice and humans. (weizmann.ac.il)
Marking cell lineages in living tissues. (nih.gov)
We have generated a novel genetic system to visualize cell lineages in living tissues at high resolution. (nih.gov)
It opens the door to powerful new approaches to study the cell composition of organs, tissues, and developmental stages and to understand the molecular mechanisms of regeneration," says Professor Nikolaus Rajewsky, head of Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), at the MDC, and senior author of the study. (eurekalert.org)
They possess a large number of adult pluripotent stem cells that constantly renew all tissues and cell types. (eurekalert.org)
Lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells initiate the development of lymphoid tissues through the activation of local stromal cells in a process similar to inflammation. (sciencemag.org)
Tissues contain so many different cells and cell types, in complex three-dimensional relationships, and undergoing complex movements that it is generally impossible to identify stem cells histologically. (stembook.org)
How this intricate array of tissues, each containing relatively few cells, is established in an organ possessing no formal meristems is poorly understood. (jic.ac.uk)
Because TTF1-expressing neoplasms are generated from organs and tissues that normally express TTF1, such as the thyroid follicular epithelium and peripheral lung airway epithelium, TTF1 is widely used as a cell lineage-specific and diagnostic marker for thyroid carcinomas and for lung adenocarcinomas with terminal respiratory unit (TRU) differentiation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Eya1 is required for lineage-specific differentiation of adenohypophyseal cells, but not for their survival, thereby uncoupling the differentiation-promoting and anti-apoptotic effects of Eya proteins seen in other tissues. (biomedsearch.com)
A reliable method to track cell lineages in human tissues has the potential to greatly contribute to the fields of oncogenesis, tissue renewal, ageing as well as wound healing. (epfl.ch)
Similarly, somatic mitochondrial mutations have been used to study the patters of cell division and renewal in some human tissues. (epfl.ch)
An in-depth understanding of overlap and discrepancy between these two mesenchymal tissues in lineage differentiation would benefit regeneration of high-quality cartilage tissues and adipose tissues for clinical applications. (springer.com)
One of the fundamental questions in biology is to understand how a single-celled embryo gives rise to a complex animal with hundreds of different cell types organized into highly complex organs and tissues," says Lois, who will be one of the center's principal investigators. (caltech.edu)
The cornea is one of the few human tissues where the in situ locations of stem cells (SCs), transient-amplifying (TA) cells and terminally-differentiated (TD) cells have been relatively well localised and characterised. (rsc.org)

Therefore, analyses throughout cellular lineage progression, from pluripotent stem cells through progenitor cells to terminally differentiated cells, yield insights into normal and pathophysiological developmental processes. (qiagen.com)
With this platform BioTime develops and manufactures specialized, terminally-differentiated human cells from its pluripotent and progenitor cell starting materials. (finanznachrichten.de)
A new assay method for late CFU-S formation and long-term reconstituting activity using a small number of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells. (labome.org)
As an alternative and desirable approach for regenerative medicine, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology raises the possibility of developing patient-tailored cell therapies to treat intractable degenerative diseases in the future. (molvis.org)
The clinical translation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) techniques to cell-based regenerative therapies in human degenerative diseases has been made a priority worldwide. (molvis.org)
Such hESC-derived components show broad renal potential ex vivo, illustrating the potential for pluripotent-stem-cell-based renal regeneration. (sigmaaldrich.com)
OpRegen is currently being evaluated a Phase 1/2a open-label, dose escalation safety and efficacy study of a single injection of human retinal pigment epithelium cells derived from an established pluripotent cell line and transplanted subretinally in patients with advanced dry AMD with GA. The study will enroll patients into 4 cohorts, with 18 of 21 expected patients enrolled to date. (benzinga.com)
T, B, and NK lymphocytes are generated from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells through a successive series of lineage restriction processes. (altmetric.com)
C3H10T1/2 pluripotent stem cells were plated at low density, cultured without or with BMP2 or BMP4 until postconfluence, and then subjected to the adipocyte differentiation protocol (MDI: adipocyte differentiation cocktail, 1 μ m dexamethasone, 1 μg/ml insulin and 0.5 m m isobutylmethyl-xanthine). (mcponline.org)

Mouse hematopoietic stem-cell antigen Sca-1 is a member of the Ly-6 antigen family. (nature.com)
The question of whether a single hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gives rise to all of the B-cell subsets [B-1a, B-1b, B-2, and marginal zone (MZ) B cells] in the mouse has been discussed for many years without resolution. (pnas.org)
Blood-cell development progresses from a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), which can undergo either self-renewal or differentiation into a multilineage committed progenitor cell: a common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) or a common myeloid progenitor (CMP). (genome.jp)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory Lund University, Sweden. (diva-portal.org)

During early embryogenesis, cells must exit pluripotency and commit to multiple lineages in all germ-layers. (xenbase.org)

This finding, together with the known importance of Lck in the determination of CD4 + and CD8 + lineages, enables us to propose that a balance between the activation of these two kinases by the TCR determines lineage decisions. (sciencemag.org)
In this review, the developmental and transcriptional crosstalk of chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages are briefly explored, followed by elucidation of signaling pathways and external factors guiding lineage determination between chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. (springer.com)
Here, we review the early developmental events during lymphocyte lineage determination, focusing on the transcriptional networks and epigenetic regulation. (altmetric.com)
RNA Localization and Germ Cell Determination in Xenopus, M. Kloc, S. Bilinski, A. P-Y. Chan, L.H. Allen, N.R. Zearfoss, and L.D. Etkin. (bookdepository.com)
Asymmetric Germ Cell Division and Oocyte Determination during Drosophila Oogenesis, W. Deng and H. Lin. (bookdepository.com)

These findings place B-2, MZ, and B-1b in a single adult developmental lineage and place B-1a in a separate lineage derived from HSCs that are rare or missing in adults. (pnas.org)
Importantly, however, because the Dorshkind studies are based on transfers of sorted HSC populations (roughly 1,000 sorted cells per recipient), they are not informative with respect to the potential of individual HSCs in the transferred population to give rise to each of the B-cell subsets (B-1a, B-1b, B-2, and MZ). (pnas.org)
This new assay method using a small number of cells would be of great advantage for clarifying which cells are truly P-HSCs. (labome.org)
The most primitive LSK cells, the long-term repopulating (LT)-HSCs, possess the capacity of life-long self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential and do not express CD34. (bloodjournal.org)
The consecutive descendants of LT-HSCs, the short-term (ST)-HSCs and multipotent progenitor cells (MPPs), have limited or no self-renewal potential. (bloodjournal.org)
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess two fundamental characteristics, the capacity for self-renewal and the sustained production of all blood cell lineages. (cnrs.fr)

Single-cell approaches will become an indispensable method for studying developmental and regeneration biology," concludes Nikolaus Rajewsky. (phys.org)
Lineage tracing is a basic concept in developmental biology, as well as diseases related to organ development. (epfl.ch)
Michael and I had this crazy idea over coffee to use synthetic biology to engineer a circuit to record the 'memoir' of a cell," says Cai, who will also be a principal investigator of the center. (caltech.edu)
International Review of Cytology presents current advances and comprehensive reviews in cell biology, both plant and animal. (bookdepository.com)

We remind investors that Lineage Cell acquired Asterias Biotherapeutics, Inc. in March 2019 as a result of which, two additional cell therapy product candidates, namely OPC1 and VAC2 along with other assets were added to its product portfolio. (zacks.com)

One of the major factors that separates SCLD from other stem cell databases is that it allows users to edit information pertaining to cell types, markers, and lineages. (wikipedia.org)
Cells undergoing these differentiation process express a stage- and lineage-specific set of surface markers. (genome.jp)
However, we demonstrate that MDA-MB-435 cells express breast-specific or epithelial-specific markers. (aacrjournals.org)
Due to the lack of a definitive lineage-tracing strategy, previous studies have provided controversial results about the origin of cells expressing smooth muscle and macrophage markers in atherosclerosis. (fluidigm.com)
However, due to the lack of lineage-specific markers suitable for molecular and biochemical analyses, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate endothelial cell differentiation. (biologists.org)
Even after doxycycline withdrawal cells remained EYFP+, expressed CPC markers, and retained multipotency for over 30 passages, all indicative of stable reprogramming to an induced CPC (iCPC) state. (ahajournals.org)
We validated 27 antibodies against lineage-specific cell-surface markers, which enabled investigation of specific cell populations during ES-EpiSC reprogramming and ES-to-XEN differentiation. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
After 7 days, the cells strongly expressed EC markers such as VE-cadherin, Flk-1, vWF and eNOS and formed tubes on Matrigel culture. (bmj.com)
My question is, is it advisable to use Lineage specific markers (CD3, CD14, CD31, CD41, CD19, CD56) along with the specific markers or are Lineage specific Markers not needed? (protocol-online.org)
Because these Lineage markers are mostly for immune and blood cells and as far as i understand a mammary cell line like MCF-7 wont contain any. (protocol-online.org)

Lineage Switching in Acute Leukemias: A Consequence of Stem Cell Plasticity? (hindawi.com)
Through this loss-of-function approach, I demonstrated that REST has 2 functions in the oligodendrocyte lineage: it is required for the timely and complete differentiation of OPCs into oligodendrocytes and it prevents the expression of neuronal properties, suggesting that REST is an important regulator of OPC lineage plasticity. (suny.edu)
Tumors exhibit persistent stem cell lineage plasticity that occurs transiently in wound repair. (aacrjournals.org)
Of note, lineage plasticity marked by coexpression of SOX9 and KLF5 also occurred in wound-induced stem cells but was transient and reverted to homeostatic patterns as wounds healed. (aacrjournals.org)
ETS2 was sufficient to induce lineage plasticity, and sustained ETS2 activity, which occurs in the setting of constitutive MAPK signaling caused by HRAS mutations in SCC, maintained lineage plasticity and commissioning of tumor-specific enhancers. (aacrjournals.org)
In addition to providing insight into how tumor-associated stem cells lock in what is typically a transient wound-induced stem cell state in the skin, these findings suggest that drivers of sustained lineage plasticity represent potential therapeutic targets. (aacrjournals.org)

The development of cells within a multi-cellular organism has similarities to the development of populations, and hence is amenable to study using concepts and tools of population genetics. (weizmann.ac.il)
The Human Cell Differentiation & Development miScript miRNA PCR Array profiles the expression of 84 miRNAs differentially expressed during cellular differentiation and organism development. (qiagen.com)
BioTime's programs are based on its proprietary cell-based therapy platform and associated development and manufacturing capabilities. (finanznachrichten.de)
and (iii) VAC2, an allogeneic cancer immunotherapy of antigen-presenting dendritic cells currently in Phase I development for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. (finanznachrichten.de)
Avilion AA, Nicolis SK, Pevny LH, Perez L, Vivian N, Lovell-Badge R (2003) Multipotent cell lineages in early mouse development depend on SOX2 function. (springer.com)
Precursors undertaking T cell development shed their access to other pathways in a sequential process that begins before entry into the thymus and continues through many cell cycles afterward. (jimmunol.org)
Epicardial derivatives, including vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiac fibroblasts, are crucial for proper development of the coronary vasculature and cardiac fibrous matrix, both of which support myocardial integrity and function in the normal heart. (mdpi.com)
Yutzey, K.E. Transcriptional Control of Cell Lineage Development in Epicardium-Derived Cells. (mdpi.com)
Indeed, crucial roles of the epigenetic machinery in establishment and maintenance of particular lineages during early development have been well documented. (wiley.com)
NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - Independent research teams have come up with single-cell sequencing methods for following organismal development and teasing apart the targets of neurons passing along messages, respectively, in model organisms. (genomeweb.com)
Derived from classical approaches in cell lineage tracing during development, we review modern cell lineage methods and describe how they are used to identify stem cells and their niches. (stembook.org)
Vascular endothelial cells play essential roles in the function and development of the cardiovascular system. (biologists.org)
1925 ) The development of adventitial (Rouget) cells on the blood capillaries of amphibian larvae. (biologists.org)
Unusually for plants, tapetal cells are specified very early in development, and are subsequently stimulated to proliferate by a receptor-like kinase (RLK) complex that includes EMS1. (jic.ac.uk)
Glial cells also develop from neuroepithelial stem cells but little is known about the role of REST in the development of glia. (suny.edu)
3 Additional evidence against a strict distinction between lymphoid and MEGM lineage development comes from studies showing that thymic progenitor cells maintained myeloid (GM) potential, indicating the existence of a common T-cell/myeloid progenitor in the thymus. (bloodjournal.org)
Development of germ cells was identified in three independent non-seminomas, including two pure yolk sac tumours and one mixed tumour composed of yolk sac tumour and immature teratoma. (ovid.com)
The first step in the development of lineage tracing methods using somatic mtDNA mutations as a marker, as a marker, is a quantitative, fast and high throughput method of detection. (epfl.ch)
Thus, our current understanding on how the expansion of particular B cell lineages by Env may be linked to the development of non-neutralizing antibodies is limited. (bionity.com)
The various populations of neural crest cells (NCCs) within the vertebrate embryo play critical roles in development and contribute to a wide array of derivatives. (frontiersin.org)
The goal is for each cell to be able to tell us its own individual history, including its lineage and the specific molecular events it has experienced during development," says Elowitz. (caltech.edu)
The potential to generate an array of differentiated cell types also raises the opportunity to establish new models of early mammalian development ( Rossant, 2008 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
The understanding of these processes is largely facilitated by isolation of intermediate populations of cells at defined stages of development. (diva-portal.org)
The aim of this thesis has been to identify the point of no return in B-cell development in order to allow for a better understanding of lineage restriction events in early lymphopoesis. (diva-portal.org)
CD19 is a B cell surface protein expressed throughout B cell development. (protocol-online.org)

Yet, cell populations possess unique features that are absent or rare in organism populations (e.g. the presence of stem cells and a small number of generations since the zygote). (weizmann.ac.il)
In contrast, B-1a cells are relatively well reconstituted by transfers of HSC populations sorted from "neonatal" BM (2.5 wk of age), although the sorted cells still predominantly reconstitute B-2 and B-1b ( 5 ). (pnas.org)
Normally, developmental potentials of two populations are compared by testing cells under uniform conditions that are clearly permissive for the fates being assayed. (jimmunol.org)
We have discovered new neutrophil-lineage cell populations based on this protocol. (fluidigm.com)
This protocol of fresh whole BM preparation may be used for 1), CyTOF analysis to discover unidentified cell populations from whole BM, 2), investigating whole BM defects for patients with blood disorders such as leukemia, 3), assisting optimization of fluorescence-activated flow cytometry protocols that utilize fresh whole BM. (fluidigm.com)
I am isolating some specific sub-populations from breast cancer cell lines. (protocol-online.org)

In the current study, a high-throughput method that utilizes neutral somatic mutations accumulated in individual cells to reconstruct cell lineage trees was applied to hundreds of cells of human acute leukemia harvested from multiple patients at diagnosis and at relapse. (weizmann.ac.il)
H. Shimizu, S. J. Culbert, A. Cork, and J. J. Iacuone, "A lineage switch in acute monocytic leukemia. (hindawi.com)
This study will determine the maximum tolerated dose of genetically modified natural killer (NK) cells in research participants with relapsed or refractory B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). (clinicaltrials.gov)
NK cell cytotoxicity is most powerful against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, whereas their capacity to lyse ALL cells is generally low and difficult to predict. (clinicaltrials.gov)
It is expressed on nearly all B cell malignancies including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and many non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), while not expressed in hematopoietic stem cells. (protocol-online.org)

Toll-like receptors on hematopoietic progenitor cells stimulate innate immune system replenishment," Immunity , vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 801-812, 2006. (hindawi.com)
The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) serves as a paradigm for how membrane receptors transmit signals to the cytoplasm because it controls many aspects of T cell differentiation and function by detecting atom-sized variations in the quality of the ligand that is recognized. (sciencemag.org)
Mature CD4 + and CD8 + T cells derive from a common precursor in the thymus, a double-positive (DP) thymocyte, which has both co-receptors. (sciencemag.org)
This process involves three levels of regulatory change, in which the cells' intrinsic transcriptional regulatory factors, expression of signaling receptors (e.g. (jimmunol.org)
The choice is mediated by adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors on the cells that can bias migration to particular microenvironments, and these "traffic control" molecules are themselves developmentally regulated. (jimmunol.org)
NK cells have historically been considered components of the innate immune system, recognizing virally infected and tumor cells through germline-encoded receptors, and rapidly eliminating these targets through the secretion of lytic granules. (rupress.org)
B cell lineage-based vaccine design is, therefore, the design of vaccine immunogens based on optimal binding to reverted unmutated ancestors (putative mimics of B cell receptors of naïve B cells) of the desired mutated antibody to be elicited. (cavd.org)
Our study provides new information on how Env antigenic differences drastically affect the expansion of particular B cell lineages and supports immunogen-design efforts aiming at stimulating the expansion of cells expressing particular B cell receptors. (bionity.com)

Pulmonary vascular disease is characterized by remodeling and loss of microvessels and is typically attributed to pathological responses in vascular endothelium or abnormal smooth muscle cell phenotypes. (jci.org)
Ninety-five mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans altered in the cell lineages of the vulva have been isolated on the basis of their displaying one of two phenotypes, Vulvaless or Multivulva. (genetics.org)

The team identified that the mammary basal cell lineage contributes to breast cancer heterogeneity, fueling the outgrowth of multiple aggressive tumor subpopulations. (news-medical.net)
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation acts as a strong apoptotic trigger in many cell types, in tumor and normal cells. (mdpi.com)
Lineage tracing in human tumors was achieved by scanning the mitochondrial DNA for mutations in samples extracted from macro-anatomical samples taken across surgically removed and freshly frozen tumor pieces. (epfl.ch)
The first attempt consisted in taking 286 samples across a slice of a Leydig cell tumor, in which two separate mutations were identified at a high enough fraction to justify further investigation. (epfl.ch)
Under the assumption that a metastasis is seeded by a single tumor cell, the presence of the same mtDNA mutation in both primary tumor and metastasis guarantees that only cells carrying the mutation are tumor-derived. (epfl.ch)

OPCs are highly plastic cells that share a common lineage with some classes of neurons, have some properties usually associated with neurons, and are capable of being reprogrammed to act as neural stem-like cells that can develop into functional neurons. (suny.edu)
Lescroart F, Kelly R, Le Garrec J, Nicolas J, Meilhac S, Buckingham M. Clonal analysis reveals common lineage relationships between head muscles and second heart field derivatives in the mouse embryo. (labome.org)
It has been suggested that all the lymphoid cells have a common lineage restricted ancestor defined as a Lin-KitloSca1loFlt3+IL7R+ common lymphoid progenitor (CLP). (diva-portal.org)

Lineage Cell is currently evaluating OpRegen, a retinal pigment epithelium cell replacement therapy, in a phase I/IIa study for the treatment of advanced dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with geographic atrophy. (zacks.com)
We found that most peripheral T cells with the HY-TCR in male mice have bypassed the RORγt-positive $CD4^{+}8^{+}$ (double positive, DP) stage to accumulate either as $CD4^{-}8^{-}$ (double negative, DN) or as $CD8\alpha^{+}$ T cells in lymph nodes or gut epithelium. (harvard.edu)

We report the first vascular endothelial cell lineage-specific (including angioblastic precursor cells) 1.2 kb promoter in transgenic mice. (biologists.org)

A CLP gives rise to the lymphoid lineage of white blood cells or leukocytes-the natural killer (NK) cells and the T and B lymphocytes. (genome.jp)

Boosting also increased the breadth and potency of C1/C2-specifi c ADCC responses, including continued boosting of a clonal lineage started 6-8 years previously in the RV144 vaccine trial. (cavd.org)

Our lab pioneered the concept, the mathematical foundations, as well as the implementation of utilizing somatic mutations naturally acquired by individual cells, to reconstruct cell lineage trees among cells of multi-cellular organisms and applied it to various questions of biological and medical importance. (weizmann.ac.il)
We analyze acquired somatic mutations to reconstruct lineage trees of hundreds of oocytes and other cells, sampled from mismatch-repair deficient mice at various ages. (weizmann.ac.il)
By combining sophisticated single-cell RNA technology with nucleic acid sequencing and computational methods, the scientists were able to establish a detailed cell atlas of an entire complex adult animal, the Schmidtea mediterranea flatworm, and reconstruct the lineage tree of all identified cells. (eurekalert.org)
The funding from the Allen Discovery Center will allow us to develop new methods with which to reconstruct lineage trees over many generations. (caltech.edu)

Studies that suggest a ligand-tailored, qualitatively different signal are confronted with evidence that favors a quantitative model, and studies of TCR-dependent T cell differentiation in the thymus are no exception. (sciencemag.org)
Indeed, during differentiation, those immature T cells (thymocytes) that do not have an appropriate TCR capable of recognizing MHC that presents self peptides die in the thymus by apoptosis because the TCR transmits survival signals to the T cell only if it binds to self peptide-MHC complexes with sufficient affinity. (sciencemag.org)

Sialoadhesin is a macrophage-restricted, sialic acid-dependent receptor of 185 kD that binds to the oligosaccharide sequence NeuAc alpha 2,3Gal on cell surface glycoconjugates. (jci.org)
In naive CD4bs, unmutated common ancestor knock-in mice Env + B cell clones develop anergy and partial deletion at the transitional to mature B cell stage, but become Env − upon receptor editing. (nature.com)
LTi cells express the nuclear hormone receptor RORγt, which also directs the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 in T cells. (sciencemag.org)
The recognition of ligand by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and the activation of intracellular signaling pathways have led to the coining of such terms as "positive selection," "negative selection," "serial triggering," "instructive process," and "kinetic signaling. (sciencemag.org)
No other receptor, apart from the B cell antigen receptor, is confronted by such an intense scrutiny for fitness and signaling capabilities during cell differentiation. (sciencemag.org)
Plays a role in antigen receptor signaling for both clonal expansion and deletion in lymphoid cells. (uniprot.org)
Interferon-alpha and interleukin-12 are induced differentially by Toll-like receptor 7 ligands in human blood dendritic cell subsets. (labome.org)
We describe here the pivotal role of the LRR receptor kinase EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTES 1 (EMS1) in forming the monolayer of tapetal nurse cells in Arabidopsis. (jic.ac.uk)
Then, the expanded NK cells are transduced with a signaling receptor that binds to CD19 (anti-CD19-BB-zeta). (clinicaltrials.gov)
First, inferring the reverted unmutated ancestor of a mutated antibody gives an approximation of the naïve B cell receptor (BCR) from which the antibody origi- nated. (cavd.org)
Oligoclonal expansion of T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ subfamilies and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) can be detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of these patients. (bloodjournal.org)
CXCR3, the receptor for CXCL9 and CXCL10, and CCR5, the receptor for CCL4, were assessed on T cells from PBMC and SFMC. (harvard.edu)

A CMP gives rise to the myeloid lineage, which comprises the rest of the leukocytes, the erythrocytes (red blood cells), and the megakaryocytes that produce platelets important in blood clotting. (genome.jp)

Restoration of heterogeneity from sorted cell fractions. (nature.com)
S. V. Avery, Microbial cell individuality and the underlying sources of heterogeneity, Nature Reviews Microbiology , 4 (2006), 577. (aimsciences.org)
We discuss these findings with respect to known developmental heterogeneity in other HSC-derived lymphoid, myeloid, and erythroid lineages, and how HSC developmental heterogeneity conforms to the layered model of the evolution of the immune system that we proposed some years ago. (pnas.org)

By having this information openly available to the public, it gives researchers a place to meet and share information that could possibly enhance the experimental success of stem cell research as well as provide techniques to influence stem cells down specific pathways. (wikipedia.org)

The conversion of these cells to the skeletogenic phenotype is accompanied by their de novo expression of cell surface determinants normally unique to PMCs, as shown by binding of wheat germ agglutinin and a PMC-specific monoclonal antibody. (nih.gov)

We here aim to identify the origin of vascular smooth muscle (SM) cells and macrophages within atherosclerosis lesions. (fluidigm.com)

The team's findings,'Limiting Self-Renewal of the Basal Compartment by PKA Activation Induces Differentiation and Alters the Evolution of Mammary Tumors,'are newly published in Developmental Cell . (news-medical.net)
These key findings will potentially lead to targeted epigenetic therapies to influence immune cell differentiation. (jimmunol.org)
These findings suggest that TTF1 expression in SCLC is a cell lineage-specific phenomenon that involves the developing neural cell-specific homeoprotein BRN2. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Variability and memory of protein levels in human cells. (nature.com)
Constitutive expression of a green fluorescent membrane protein was used to provide a precise outline of all surrounding cells. (nih.gov)
In this study, direct evidence for this interaction was obtained in cell-cell binding assays using both native and recombinant forms of the protein. (jci.org)
A study now shows that differentiation into the CD8 + lineage requires the TCR-induced increased abundance of the tyrosine kinase ζ chain-associated protein kinase of 70 kD (Zap70). (sciencemag.org)
The ligand of the TCR for the majority of T cells (called αβ T cells) is another membrane protein found on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (sciencemag.org)
However, like the generation of a 3D protein structure from its diffraction patterns, constructing an accurate picture of a tissue's dynamics from its lineage patterns is complex, non-intuitive, and fraught with potential problems. (stembook.org)
Ikenishi K, Nishiumi F, Komiya T. The Xdsg protein in presumptive primordial germ cells (pPGCs) is essential to their differentiation into PGCs in Xenopus. (labome.org)
Baulande S, Lasnier F, Lucas M, Pairault J. Adiponutrin, a transmembrane protein corresponding to a novel dietary- and obesity-linked mRNA specifically expressed in the adipose lineage. (labome.org)
Proteins showing differential expression were isolated and identified using MALDI-MS and MALDI-MS/MS. B , enlarged images of differentially expressed protein spots between untreated and BMP2/4-treated C3H10T1/2 cells. (mcponline.org)
Strikingly, MEK1 appeared to control the asymmetric inheritance of Ventx2 protein following cell division. (xenbase.org)

Upon retinal differentiation, a large fraction of the cells developed characteristics of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) in response to simulated environment signaling (DKK1+Noggin+Lefty A), which was selectively recovered with manual isolation approaches and then maintained in the presence of mitogen for multiple passages. (molvis.org)
Recent innovative three-dimensional (3D) culture studies [ 5 - 7 ] have demonstrated hiPSCs' intrinsic potential to self-form stratified eye cup-like structures, which consist of relevant retinal cell types including RGCs. (molvis.org)
Although iPSCs have been shown to display a propensity to produce cells with retinal characteristics [ 8 , 9 ], this limited competence is far from enough to achieve targeted RGC differentiation by iPSCs' multipotency nature [ 10 , 11 ], and much remains to be done to enhance RGC differentiation. (molvis.org)

In May 2020, Lineage Cell announced that it applied for grant funding from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine to support the use of its allogeneic dendritic cell therapy, VAC, for developing a potential vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes COVID-19. (zacks.com)

Qu P, Wang L, Min Y, McKennett L, Keller JR, Lin PC (2016) Vav1 regulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation decision between adipocyte and chondrocyte via sirt1. (springer.com)

In particular, the reconstruction of a cell lineage tree, capturing the cell division history of organism cells, can be attempted by applying algorithms and techniques of population genetics to somatic mutations accumulated during cell division. (weizmann.ac.il)
A three dimensional reconstruction of a cell lineage was then established for 2 more tumors, and 3 metastasis. (epfl.ch)

Sialoadhesin has been implicated in cellular interactions of stromal macrophages with developing myeloid cells. (jci.org)
Breakthroughs in American CryoStem's proprietary cell culture medium (ACSelerate TM ) and culturing methodology have enabled the Company to accelerate the robust cellular expansion and rapid differentiation of ADSCs to adipocytes (fat cells), chondrocytes (cartilage-producing cells) and osteocytes (bone-producing cells). (cnbc.com)

Anatomy6

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes6

Disciplines and Occupations1

The surface ectoderm is essential for nephric duct formation in intermediate mesoderm. (1/8706)

Mrj encodes a DnaJ-related co-chaperone that is essential for murine placental development. (2/8706)

Reciprocal control of T helper cell and dendritic cell differentiation. (3/8706)

Tissue specific expression and chromosomal mapping of a human UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: alpha1,3-d-mannoside beta1, 4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. (4/8706)

Expression of neurotrophins and their receptors in human bone marrow. (5/8706)

Phenotypic and functional evidence for the expression of CXCR4 receptor during megakaryocytopoiesis. (6/8706)

Reduced folate carrier expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a mechanism for ploidy but not lineage differences in methotrexate accumulation. (7/8706)

Overexpression of the receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) characterizes the malignant clone in multiple myeloma: identification of three distinct RHAMM variants. (8/8706)

Cell Lineage

Cell Differentiation

Stem Cells

Phylogeny

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Mice, Transgenic

Transcription Factors

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Molecular Sequence Data

Evolution, Molecular

Homeodomain Proteins

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Embryonic Stem Cells

Thymus Gland

Base Sequence

Cells, Cultured

Mesoderm

Germ Cells

Embryo, Mammalian

Phenotype

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors

Biological Evolution

Signal Transduction

Mice, Knockout

Hematopoiesis

Chimera

Embryo, Nonmammalian

Multipotent Stem Cells

Endoderm

Ectoderm

Morphogenesis

B-Lymphocytes

Bone Marrow Cells

Flow Cytometry

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Lymphopoiesis

DNA-Binding Proteins

Gene Expression Regulation

In Situ Hybridization

Cell Division

Receptors, Notch

Urochordata

Blastomeres

Clone Cells

Models, Biological

T-Lymphocytes

Immunohistochemistry

Cell Line

Genetic Variation

Body Patterning

Enteroendocrine Cells

Embryonic Development

Gene Expression

Green Fluorescent Proteins

Cell Separation

Cell Proliferation

Pluripotent Stem Cells

Neural Crest

RNA, Messenger

Mutation

Integrases

Amino Acid Sequence

Germ Layers

Species Specificity

Caenorhabditis elegans

Blastocyst

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Trophoblasts

DNA Primers

Trans-Activators

Zebrafish

Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid

Animals, Genetically Modified

Drosophila Proteins

Drosophila

Transcription, Genetic

Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass

Gene Expression Profiling

Organ Specificity

Paneth Cells