Cell line transformed. Medical search

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Eukaryotic cell line obtained in a quiescent or stationary phase which undergoes conversion to a state of unregulated growth in culture, resembling an in vitro tumor. It occurs spontaneously or through interaction with viruses, oncogenes, radiation, or drugs/chemicals.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Methods of investigating the effectiveness of anticancer cytotoxic drugs and biologic inhibitors. These include in vitro cell-kill models and cytostatic dye exclusion tests as well as in vivo measurement of tumor growth parameters in laboratory animals.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Resistance or diminished response of a neoplasm to an antineoplastic agent in humans, animals, or cell or tissue cultures.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A cultured line of C3H mouse FIBROBLASTS that do not adhere to one another and do not express CADHERINS.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

DNA present in neoplastic tissue.

Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)

Transplantation between animals of different species.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

RNA present in neoplastic tissue.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

The concentration of a compound needed to reduce population growth of organisms, including eukaryotic cells, by 50% in vitro. Though often expressed to denote in vitro antibacterial activity, it is also used as a benchmark for cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells in culture.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

In vivo methods of screening investigative anticancer drugs, biologic response modifiers or radiotherapies. Human tumor tissue or cells are transplanted into mice or rats followed by tumor treatment regimens. A variety of outcomes are monitored to assess antitumor effectiveness.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A promyelocytic cell line derived from a patient with ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. HL-60 cells lack specific markers for LYMPHOID CELLS but express surface receptors for FC FRAGMENTS and COMPLEMENT SYSTEM PROTEINS. They also exhibit phagocytic activity and responsiveness to chemotactic stimuli. (From Hay et al., American Type Culture Collection, 7th ed, pp127-8)

Nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the p53 gene (GENES, P53) whose normal function is to control CELL PROLIFERATION and APOPTOSIS. A mutant or absent p53 protein has been found in LEUKEMIA; OSTEOSARCOMA; LUNG CANCER; and COLORECTAL CANCER.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.

Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.

Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting B-cells in humans. It is thought to be the causative agent of INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS and is strongly associated with oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY;), BURKITT LYMPHOMA; and other malignancies.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells such as the GOBLET CELLS.

Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.

Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A cytologic technique for measuring the functional capacity of tumor stem cells by assaying their activity. It is used primarily for the in vitro testing of antineoplastic agents.

Membrane proteins encoded by the BCL-2 GENES and serving as potent inhibitors of cell death by APOPTOSIS. The proteins are found on mitochondrial, microsomal, and NUCLEAR MEMBRANE sites within many cell types. Overexpression of bcl-2 proteins, due to a translocation of the gene, is associated with follicular lymphoma.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

Any cell, other than a ZYGOTE, that contains elements (such as NUCLEI and CYTOPLASM) from two or more different cells, usually produced by artificial CELL FUSION.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)

A family of intracellular CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES that play a role in regulating INFLAMMATION and APOPTOSIS. They specifically cleave peptides at a CYSTEINE amino acid that follows an ASPARTIC ACID residue. Caspases are activated by proteolytic cleavage of a precursor form to yield large and small subunits that form the enzyme. Since the cleavage site within precursors matches the specificity of caspases, sequential activation of precursors by activated caspases can occur.

A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

An ERYTHROLEUKEMIA cell line derived from a CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA patient in BLAST CRISIS.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

A genus of the family Muridae consisting of eleven species. C. migratorius, the grey or Armenian hamster, and C. griseus, the Chinese hamster, are the two species used in biomedical research.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

A 170-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein from the superfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. It serves as an ATP-dependent efflux pump for a variety of chemicals, including many ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Overexpression of this glycoprotein is associated with multidrug resistance (see DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE).

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

Genes whose gain-of-function alterations lead to NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. They include, for example, genes for activators or stimulators of CELL PROLIFERATION such as growth factors, growth factor receptors, protein kinases, signal transducers, nuclear phosphoproteins, and transcription factors. A prefix of "v-" before oncogene symbols indicates oncogenes captured and transmitted by RETROVIRUSES; the prefix "c-" before the gene symbol of an oncogene indicates it is the cellular homolog (PROTO-ONCOGENES) of a v-oncogene.

Family of RNA viruses that infects birds and mammals and encodes the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The family contains seven genera: DELTARETROVIRUS; LENTIVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE B, MAMMALIAN; ALPHARETROVIRUS; GAMMARETROVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE D; and SPUMAVIRUS. A key feature of retrovirus biology is the synthesis of a DNA copy of the genome which is integrated into cellular DNA. After integration it is sometimes not expressed but maintained in a latent state (PROVIRUSES).

The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells, such as ENTEROCYTES. These cells are valuable in vitro tools for studies related to intestinal cell function and differentiation.

Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.

Processes required for CELL ENLARGEMENT and CELL PROLIFERATION.

An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)

A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Proteins that are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. Deficiencies or abnormalities in these proteins may lead to unregulated cell growth and tumor development.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

The artificial induction of GENE SILENCING by the use of RNA INTERFERENCE to reduce the expression of a specific gene. It includes the use of DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, such as SMALL INTERFERING RNA and RNA containing HAIRPIN LOOP SEQUENCE, and ANTI-SENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES.

Simultaneous resistance to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS. It is activated by INITIATOR CASPASES such as CASPASE 9. Isoforms of this protein exist due to multiple alternative splicing of its MESSENGER RNA.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

A cell surface receptor involved in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. It is specific for EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR and EGF-related peptides including TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; AMPHIREGULIN; and HEPARIN-BINDING EGF-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR. The binding of ligand to the receptor causes activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and rapid internalization of the receptor-ligand complex into the cell.

Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.

Protein kinases that catalyze the PHOSPHORYLATION of TYROSINE residues in proteins with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.

A CELL LINE derived from human T-CELL LEUKEMIA and used to determine the mechanism of differential susceptibility to anti-cancer drugs and radiation.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

Genes that inhibit expression of the tumorigenic phenotype. They are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. When tumor suppressor genes are inactivated or lost, a barrier to normal proliferation is removed and unregulated growth is possible.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Agents that inhibit PROTEIN KINASES.

Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.

A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Three isoforms have been described in mammalian cells.

Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

Human COLORECTAL CARCINOMA cell line.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (MASTADENOVIRUS) and birds (AVIADENOVIRUS) or both (ATADENOVIRUS). Infections may be asymptomatic or result in a variety of diseases.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both H-ras and K-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. The closely related N-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. All genes of the family have a similar exon-intron structure and each encodes a p21 protein.

Chemical substances, produced by microorganisms, inhibiting or preventing the proliferation of neoplasms.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).

Quaternary salts derived from tetrazoles. They are used in tests to distinguish between reducing sugars and simple aldehydes, for detection of dehydrogenase in tissues, cells, and bacteria, for determination of corticosteroids, and in color photography. (From Mall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed, p455)

A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.

A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.

Tumor suppressor genes located on the short arm of human chromosome 17 and coding for the phosphoprotein p53.

A human cell line established from a diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (HISTIOCYTIC LYMPHOMA, DIFFUSE) and displaying many monocytic characteristics. It serves as an in vitro model for MONOCYTE and MACROPHAGE differentiation.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (myc) originally isolated from an avian myelocytomatosis virus. The proto-oncogene myc (c-myc) codes for a nuclear protein which is involved in nucleic acid metabolism and in mediating the cellular response to growth factors. Truncation of the first exon, which appears to regulate c-myc expression, is crucial for tumorigenicity. The human c-myc gene is located at 8q24 on the long arm of chromosome 8.

The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.

Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL serve an anti-inflammatory function in endothelial cells through inhibition of NF-kappaB. (1/8163)

To maintain the integrity of the vascular barrier, endothelial cells (EC) are resistant to cell death. The molecular basis of this resistance may be explained by the function of antiapoptotic genes such as bcl family members. Overexpression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL protects EC from tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated apoptosis. In addition, Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL inhibits activation of NF-kappaB and thus upregulation of proinflammatory genes. Bcl-2-mediated inhibition of NF-kappaB in EC occurs upstream of IkappaBalpha degradation without affecting p65-mediated transactivation. Overexpression of bcl genes in EC does not affect other transcription factors. Using deletion mutants of Bcl-2, the NF-kappaB inhibitory function of Bcl-2 was mapped to bcl homology domains BH2 and BH4, whereas all BH domains were required for the antiapoptotic function. These data suggest that Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL belong to a cytoprotective response that counteracts proapoptotic and proinflammatory insults and restores the physiological anti-inflammatory phenotype to the EC. By inhibiting NF-kappaB without sensitizing the cells (as with IkappaBalpha) to TNF-mediated apoptosis, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL are prime candidates for genetic engineering of EC in pathological conditions where EC loss and unfettered activation are undesirable. (+info)

Human topoisomerase I promotes initiation of simian virus 40 DNA replication in vitro. (2/8163)

Addition of purified human topoisomerase I (topo I) to simian virus 40 T antigen-driven in vitro DNA replication reactions performed with topo I-deficient extracts results in a greater than 10-fold stimulation of completed molecules as well as a more than 3-fold enhancement of overall DNA replication. To further characterize this stimulation, we first demonstrate that bovine topo I but not Escherichia coli topo I can also enhance DNA replication. By using several human topo I mutants, we show that a catalytically active form of topo I is required. To delineate whether topo I influences the initiation or the elongation step of replication, we performed delayed pulse, pulse-chase, and delayed pulse-chase experiments. The results illustrate that topo I cannot promote the completion of partially replicated molecules but is needed from the beginning of the reaction to initiate replication. Competitive inhibition experiments with the topo I binding T antigen fragment 1-246T and a catalytically inactive topo I mutant suggest that part of topo I's stimulation of replication is mediated through a direct interaction with T antigen. Collectively, our data indicate that topo I enhances the synthesis of fully replicated DNA molecules by forming essential interactions with T antigen and stimulating initiation. (+info)

Cyclin D-CDK subunit arrangement is dependent on the availability of competing INK4 and p21 class inhibitors. (3/8163)

The D-type cyclins and their major kinase partners CDK4 and CDK6 regulate G0-G1-S progression by contributing to the phosphorylation and inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene product, pRB. Assembly of active cyclin D-CDK complexes in response to mitogenic signals is negatively regulated by INK4 family members. Here we show that although all four INK4 proteins associate with CDK4 and CDK6 in vitro, only p16(INK4a) can form stable, binary complexes with both CDK4 and CDK6 in proliferating cells. The other INK4 family members form stable complexes with CDK6 but associate only transiently with CDK4. Conversely, CDK4 stably associates with both p21(CIP1) and p27(KIP1) in cyclin-containing complexes, suggesting that CDK4 is in equilibrium between INK4 and p21(CIP1)- or p27(KIP1)-bound states. In agreement with this hypothesis, overexpression of p21(CIP1) in 293 cells, where CDK4 is bound to p16(INK4a), stimulates the formation of ternary cyclin D-CDK4-p21(CIP1) complexes. These data suggest that members of the p21 family of proteins promote the association of D-type cyclins with CDKs by counteracting the effects of INK4 molecules. (+info)

The Gab1 PH domain is required for localization of Gab1 at sites of cell-cell contact and epithelial morphogenesis downstream from the met receptor tyrosine kinase. (4/8163)

Stimulation of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor tyrosine kinase, Met, induces mitogenesis, motility, invasion, and branching tubulogenesis of epithelial and endothelial cell lines in culture. We have previously shown that Gab1 is the major phosphorylated protein following stimulation of the Met receptor in epithelial cells that undergo a morphogenic program in response to HGF. Gab1 is a member of the family of IRS-1-like multisubstrate docking proteins and, like IRS-1, contains an amino-terminal pleckstrin homology domain, in addition to multiple tyrosine residues that are potential binding sites for proteins that contain SH2 or PTB domains. Following stimulation of epithelial cells with HGF, Gab1 associates with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. Met receptor mutants that are impaired in their association with Gab1 fail to induce branching tubulogenesis. Overexpression of Gab1 rescues the Met-dependent tubulogenic response in these cell lines. The ability of Gab1 to promote tubulogenesis is dependent on its pleckstrin homology domain. Whereas the wild-type Gab1 protein is localized to areas of cell-cell contact, a Gab1 protein lacking the pleckstrin homology domain is localized predominantly in the cytoplasm. Localization of Gab1 to areas of cell-cell contact is inhibited by LY294002, demonstrating that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity is required. These data show that Gab1 is an important mediator of branching tubulogenesis downstream from the Met receptor and identify phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the Gab1 pleckstrin homology domain as crucial for subcellular localization of Gab1 and biological responses. (+info)

Cell growth inhibition by farnesyltransferase inhibitors is mediated by gain of geranylgeranylated RhoB. (5/8163)

Recent results have shown that the ability of farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) to inhibit malignant cell transformation and Ras prenylation can be separated. We proposed previously that farnesylated Rho proteins are important targets for alternation by FTIs, based on studies of RhoB (the FTI-Rho hypothesis). Cells treated with FTIs exhibit a loss of farnesylated RhoB but a gain of geranylgeranylated RhoB (RhoB-GG), which is associated with loss of growth-promoting activity. In this study, we tested whether the gain of RhoB-GG elicited by FTI treatment was sufficient to mediate FTI-induced cell growth inhibition. In support of this hypothesis, when expressed in Ras-transformed cells RhoB-GG induced phenotypic reversion, cell growth inhibition, and activation of the cell cycle kinase inhibitor p21WAF1. RhoB-GG did not affect the phenotype or growth of normal cells. These effects were similar to FTI treatment insofar as they were all induced in transformed cells but not in normal cells. RhoB-GG did not promote anoikis of Ras-transformed cells, implying that this response to FTIs involves loss-of-function effects. Our findings corroborate the FTI-Rho hypothesis and demonstrate that gain-of-function effects on Rho are part of the drug mechanism. Gain of RhoB-GG may explain how FTIs inhibit the growth of human tumor cells that lack Ras mutations. (+info)

Telomerase activity is sufficient to allow transformed cells to escape from crisis. (6/8163)

The introduction of simian virus 40 large T antigen (SVLT) into human primary cells enables them to proliferate beyond their normal replicative life span. In most cases, this temporary escape from senescence eventually ends in a second proliferative block known as "crisis," during which the cells cease growing or die. Rare immortalization events in which cells escape crisis are frequently correlated with the presence of telomerase activity. We tested the hypothesis that telomerase activation is the critical step in the immortalization process by studying the effects of telomerase activity in two mortal SVLT-Rasval12-transformed human pancreatic cell lines, TRM-6 and betalox5. The telomerase catalytic subunit, hTRT, was introduced into late-passage cells via retroviral gene transfer. Telomerase activity was successfully induced in infected cells, as demonstrated by a telomerase repeat amplification protocol assay. In each of nine independent infections, telomerase-positive cells formed rapidly dividing cell lines while control cells entered crisis. Telomere lengths initially increased, but telomeres were then maintained at their new lengths for at least 20 population doublings. These results demonstrate that telomerase activity is sufficient to enable transformed cells to escape crisis and that telomere elongation in these cells occurs in a tightly regulated manner. (+info)

Phosphorylation of the cap-binding protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E by protein kinase Mnk1 in vivo. (7/8163)

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binds to the mRNA 5' cap and brings the mRNA into a complex with other protein synthesis initiation factors and ribosomes. The activity of mammalian eIF4E is important for the translation of capped mRNAs and is thought to be regulated by two mechanisms. First, eIF4E is sequestered by binding proteins, such as 4EBP1, in quiescent cells. Mitogens induce the release of eIF4E by stimulating the phosphorylation of 4EBP1. Second, mitogens and stresses induce the phosphorylation of eIF4E at Ser 209, increasing the affinity of eIF4E for capped mRNA and for an associated scaffolding protein, eIF4G. We previously showed that a mitogen- and stress-activated kinase, Mnk1, phosphorylates eIF4E in vitro at the physiological site. Here we show that Mnk1 regulates eIF4E phosphorylation in vivo. Mnk1 binds directly to eIF4G and copurifies with eIF4G and eIF4E. We identified activating phosphorylation sites in Mnk1 and developed dominant-negative and activated mutants. Expression of dominant-negative Mnk1 reduces mitogen-induced eIF4E phosphorylation, while expression of activated Mnk1 increases basal eIF4E phosphorylation. Activated mutant Mnk1 also induces extensive phosphorylation of eIF4E in cells overexpressing 4EBP1. This suggests that phosphorylation of eIF4E is catalyzed by Mnk1 or a very similar kinase in cells and is independent of other mitogenic signals that release eIF4E from 4EBP1. (+info)

The significance of tetramerization in promoter recruitment by Stat5. (8/8163)

Stat5a and Stat5b are rapidly activated by a wide range of cytokines and growth factors, including interleukin-2 (IL-2). We have previously shown that these signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT proteins) are key regulatory proteins that bind to two tandem gamma interferon-activated site (GAS) motifs within an IL-2 response element (positive regulatory region III [PRRIII]) in the human IL-2Ralpha promoter. In this study, we demonstrate cooperative binding of Stat5 to PRRIII and explore the molecular basis underlying this cooperativity. We demonstrate that formation of a tetrameric Stat5 complex is essential for the IL-2-inducible activation of PRRIII. Stable tetramer formation of Stat5 is mediated through protein-protein interactions involving a tryptophan residue conserved in all STATs and a lysine residue in the Stat5 N-terminal domain (N domain). The functional importance of tetramer formation is shown by the decreased levels of transcriptional activation associated with mutations in these residues. Moreover, the requirement for STAT protein-protein interactions for gene activation from a promoter with tandemly linked GAS motifs can be relieved by strengthening the avidity of protein-DNA interactions for the individual binding sites. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that a dimeric but tetramerization-deficient Stat5 protein can activate only a subset of target sites. For functional activity on a wider range of potential recognition sites, N-domain-mediated oligomerization is essential. (+info)

Pearson, Terry (25 October 1979). "Cell-mediated immunity to Theileria-transformed cell lines". Nature. 281 (5733): 678-680. ... "The major cell surface glycoprotein procyclin is a receptor for induction of a novel form of cell death in African trypanosomes ... and supervisor César Milstein to develop monoclonal antibodies specific for cell surface antigens. He developed the first ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Pearson_(immunologist)

This is a spontaneously transformed ( immortalized ) cell line. As such, it is a very convenient research tool but caution ... should be used when extrapolating these results to normal cells, and even more, to normal human cells. The MC3T3 cell line is ... describes some of the specific limitations of the cell line for understanding behavior in human cells. Kodama H. A., Amagai Y ... MC3T3 is an osteoblast precursor cell line derived from Mus musculus (mouse) calvaria. A number of derivatives of this strain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC3T3

Hashiro, G; Loh, PC; Yau, JT (1977). "The preferential cytotoxicity of reovirus for certain transformed cell lines". Archives ... cells to recognize and attack cancer cells; and Adaptive immune response - antigen presenting cells (APCs) display tumor- ... Duncan, MR; Stanish, SM; Cox, DC (1978). "Differential sensitivity of normal and transformed human cells to reovirus infection ... It has since been shown to replicate specifically in cells that have an activated Ras pathway with very little effect in cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncolytics_Biotech

Hashiro, G; Loh, PC; Yau, JT (1977). "The preferential cytotoxicity of reovirus for certain transformed cell lines". Archives ... cells to recognize and attack cancer cells; and Adaptive immune response - antigen presenting cells (APCs) display tumor- ... Duncan, MR; Stanish, SM; Cox, DC (1978). "Differential sensitivity of normal and transformed human cells to reovirus infection ... This cycle of infection, replication and cell death is believed to be repeated until all tumour cells carrying an activated Ras ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelareorep

COS are fibroblast-like cell lines derived from monkey kidney tissue. COS cells are obtained by immortalizing CV-1 cells with a ... Gluzman Y (January 1981). "SV40-transformed simian cells support the replication of early SV40 mutants". Cell. 23 (1): 175-82. ... The COS cell lines are often used by biologists when studying the monkey virus SV40. Cells from these lines are also often ... The CV-1 cell line in turn was derived from the kidney of the African green monkey. The acronym "COS" is derived from the cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COS_cells

Hopefully, some of these transformed cells end up in the germ line. A transformed gamete will give rise to an organism with no ... Hybrid dysgenesis refers to the high rate of mutation in germ line cells of Drosophila strains resulting from a cross of males ... The hybrid dysgenesis phenotype is affected by the transposition of P elements within the germ-line cells of offspring of P ... Transposition only occurs in germ-line cells, because a splicing event needed to make transposase mRNA does not occur in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P_element

"Biological and Biochemical Characterization of an SV40 Transformed Xeroderma Pigmentosum Cell Line". Experimental Cell Research ... Pedersen, FS; Crowther RL; Hays EF; Nowinski RC; Haseltine WA (1982). "Structure of Retroviral RNAs Produced by Cell Lines ... Pedersen, FS; Crowther RL; Tenney DY; Reimold AM; Haseltine WA (1981). "Novel Leukemogenic Retroviruses Isolated from Cell Line ... After he was briefed on the project to isolate human embryonic stem cells and embryonic germ cells at Geron Corporation in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_A._Haseltine

DNA from a rhabdomyosarcoma cell line and a fibrosarcoma cell line transformed a NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line. After ... Next, the transforming activities of the rhabdomyosarcoma and fibrosarcoma cell lines were measured after being digested with ... Further DNA testing showed that the transforming sequences in the two cancer cell lines were the same, and the gene was later ... In 1982, Hall helped identify transforming sequences in human sarcoma cells lines at the Institute for Cancer Research in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hall

Marshall CJ, Hall A, Weiss RA (September 1982). "A transforming gene present in human sarcoma cell lines". Nature. 299 (5879): ... Padua RA, Barrass NC, Currie GA (1985). "Activation of N-ras in a human melanoma cell line". Mol. Cell. Biol. 5 (3): 582-5. doi ... "Isolation and preliminary characterization of the transforming gene of a human neuroblastoma cell line". PNAS. 80 (2): 383-7. ... Brown R, Marshall CJ, Pennie SG, Hall A (1984). "Mechanism of activation of an N-ras gene in the human fibrosarcoma cell line ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroblastoma_RAS_viral_oncogene_homolog

It is a stable B cell line used to express antibodies. They are a suspension cell line and are best cultured in Eagle's minimal ... "Immunoglobulin gene expression in transformed lymphoid cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80 (3): 825-9. Bibcode:1983PNAS... ... relative humidity with a cell density of 5x105 cell per 15 ml. This cell line is usually used to express antibodies since they ... J558L cells are mouse B myeloma cells derived from a BALB/c strain isolated by M. Bruggeman and M.S. Neuberger in University of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J558L_cells

Cao X, Tay A, Guy GR, Tan YH (April 1996). "Activation and association of Stat3 with Src in v-Src-transformed cell lines". ... "Active Stat3 is required for survival of human squamous cell carcinoma cells in serum-free conditions". Molecular Cancer. 5 (1 ... STAT3 mediates the expression of a variety of genes in response to cell stimuli, and thus plays a key role in many cellular ... Zhang J, Yang J, Roy SK, Tininini S, Hu J, Bromberg JF, Poli V, Stark GR, Kalvakolanu DV (August 2003). "The cell death ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAT3

"Increased expression of microRNA-155 in Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines". Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer ... or human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-transformed cells through induction of BIC expression". Journal of Virology. 85 (16): ... leukemic cells to healthy B cells and promote their transformation to tumorigenic-like cells Selection of competent B cells ... that was specific for hematopoietic cells including B-cells, T-cells, monocytes and granulocytes. Together these results ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiR-155

This benzophenanthridine alkaloid can induce apoptosis in some transformed or malignant cell lines. D-Chelidonine, the main ... Plant and Cell Physiology, 1(26), 4. Necas, M., Dostal, J., Kejnovska, I., Vorlickova, M., & Slavik, J. (2005). Molecular and ... Kemeny-Beke, A., Aradi, J., Beck, Z., Facsko, A., Berta, A., & Bodnar, A. (2006). Apoptotic response of uveal melanoma cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelidonine

Platelet-derived growth factor-modulated proteins: constitutive synthesis by a transformed cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ... A model of cell cycle control: sequential events regulated by growth factors. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1983 Aug;31(2-3):167-86. ... Pledger's research focuses on the mechanisms governing cell cycle progression. He was the first to show that the cell cycle is ... Platelet-derived growth factor-induced alterations in vinculin and actin distribution in BALB/c-3T3 cells. J Cell Biol. 1985 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Jackson_Pledger

"Entrez Gene: MCF2 MCF.2 cell line derived transforming sequence". Eva A, Aaronson SA (1985-07-18). "Isolation of a new human ... "MCF.2 cell line-derived transforming sequence". DBL is the founding member of a large family of guanine nucleotide exchange ... April 1991). "A region of proto-dbl essential for its transforming activity shows sequence similarity to a yeast cell cycle ... evidence that its overexpression is sufficient to transform NIH/3T3 cells". The EMBO Journal. 7 (8): 2465-73. doi:10.1002/j. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCF2

Bousquet, M.; Nguyen, D.; Chen, C.; Shields, L.; Lodish, H. F. (2012-06-11). "MicroRNA-125b transforms myeloid cell lines by ... On the other hand, high expression of miR-125b was shown to decrease cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. The cell ability ... cell invasion and metastasis. Effects of miR-125 in cancer are cell type dependent. MiR-125 is defined either as an oncogene or ... Cell Stem Cell. 19 (3): 383-396. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2016.06.008. PMC 5500905. PMID 27424784. Guo, S.; Lu, J.; Schlanger, R.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiR-125

"Characteristics of a human cell line transformed by DNA from human adenovirus type 5". The Journal of General Virology. 36 (1 ... The 293T cell line was created in Michele Calos's lab at Stanford by stable transfection of the HEK 293 cell line with a ... An important variant of this cell line is the 293T cell line. It contains the SV40 large T-antigen that allows for episomal ... The first reference to the cell line as "293T" may be its use to create the BOSC23 packaging cell line for producing retroviral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEK_293_cells

Graham FL, Smiley J, Russell WC, Nairn R (July 1977). "Characteristics of a human cell line transformed by DNA from human ... The HEK293 cell line was created via transformation with sheared Adenovirus 5 DNA. Advantages of using this cell line include ... Three primary expression systems have been established: EBNA-1-engineered CHO cell line CHO EBNA LT cell line, which is carried ... CHO cells were among the earliest established cell lines for in vitro cultivation, and their potential as a host for production ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_expression

"Entrez Gene: MCF2L MCF.2 cell line derived transforming sequence-like". Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme ... Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (Jan 2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9-13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID ... Cell. 154 (2): 452-64. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.022. PMC 3717207. PMID 23870131. "Infection and Immunity Immunophenotyping ( ... A conditional knockout mouse line called Mcf2ltm1a(EUCOMM)Hmgu was generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCF2L

Shih, C.; Weinberg, R.A. (1982). "Isolation of a transforming sequence from a human bladder carcinoma cell line". Cell. 29 (1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiaho_Shih

Shih, C.; Weinberg, R. A. (1982). "Isolation of a transforming sequence from a human bladder carcinoma cell line". Cell. 29 (1 ... Sally Kornbluth, a cell biologist and provost at Duke University will become MIT's 18th president in January 2023. MIT is a ... Jerome Lettvin transformed the study of cognitive science with his paper "What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain". ... The Kendall/MIT MBTA Red Line station is located on the northeastern edge of the campus, in Kendall Square. The Cambridge ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology

"Cajal-body formation correlates with differential coilin phosphorylation in primary and transformed cell lines". J. Cell Sci. ... Cell. 11 (12): 4159-71. doi:10.1091/mbc.11.12.4159. PMC 15064. PMID 11102515. Young PJ, Le TT, Dunckley M, Nguyen TM, Burghes ... Cell. 3 (3): 329-37. doi:10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00222-8. PMID 12361597. Shpargel KB, Ospina JK, Tucker KE, Matera AG, Hebert MD ... Cell. 3 (3): 329-37. doi:10.1016/s1534-5807(02)00222-8. PMID 12361597. Hebert MD, Szymczyk PW, Shpargel KB, Matera AG (Oct 2001 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coilin

"Comparison of mouse and human NASP genes and expression in human transformed and tumor cell lines". Gene. 274 (1-2): 67-75. doi ... The somatic form is expressed in all mitotic cells, is localized to the nucleus, and is coupled to the cell cycle. The ... Cell. 17 (2): 301-11. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.12.018. PMID 15664198. Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a ... In male germ cells, this protein is localized to the cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes, the nucleus of spermatids, and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASP_(gene)

"Molecular analysis and chromosomal mapping of amplified genes isolated from a transformed mouse 3T3 cell line". Somatic Cell ... from the transformed mouse cell line 3T3-DM. Mdm2 overexpression, in cooperation with oncogenic Ras, promotes transformation of ... Ivanchuk SM, Mondal S, Rutka JT (June 2008). "p14ARF interacts with DAXX: effects on HDM2 and p53". Cell Cycle. 7 (12): 1836-50 ... Dai MS, Sun XX, Lu H (July 2008). "Aberrant expression of nucleostemin activates p53 and induces cell cycle arrest via ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mdm2

... flattened cells). These cells are also derived from epiblast which is transformed into ectoderm.[citation needed] The amniotic ... Soon, amniogenic (amnion-forming cells) called amnioblasts separate from the epiblast and line the amnion, which encloses the ... The floor is formed by the epiblast which later on transforms to ectoderm while the remaining cells which are present between ... Cells from the yolk sac endoderm form a layer of connective tissue, the extraembryonic mesoderm, which surrounds the amnion and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amniotic_sac

The most widely employed are cytotoxicity assays on different normal or transformed cell lines, or antimicrobial assays. 3- ... It appears that the 3-APs compounds that are polymeric in nature are able to permeabilize the cells. In addition the compounds ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Alkylpyridinium

"Identification of the HPV-16 E6 protein from transformed mouse cells and human cervical carcinoma cell lines". The EMBO Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_R._Lowy

"A human homolog of the yeast CDC7 gene is overexpressed in some tumors and transformed cell lines". Gene. 211 (1): 133-40. doi: ... However, when the cell enters this arrested state, levels of p53 may increase. These increased levels of p53 may initiate cell ... activates human Cdc7-related kinase and is essential for G1/S transition in mammalian cells". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (7): 5083-95 ... activates human Cdc7-related kinase and is essential for G1/S transition in mammalian cells". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (7): 5083-95 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division_cycle_7-related_protein_kinase

"CCR5 receptor antagonists block metastasis to bone of v-Src oncogene-transformed metastatic prostate cancer cell lines". Cancer ... Cell. 139 (4): 679-92. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.08.048. PMC 2786256. PMID 19914164. "World-renowned cancer physician scientist ... In the cell cycle field, Pestell's research has shown the discovery that cyclins are direct transcriptional targets of ... He is ranked by Google Scholar for his areas of research including: cell cycle (#1), prostate cancer, Oncology and Breast ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Pestell

"CCR5 receptor antagonists block metastasis to bone of v-Src oncogene-transformed metastatic prostate cancer cell lines". Cancer ... CCR5 inhibitors including maraviroc and leronlimab have been shown to block lung metastasis of human breast cancer cell lines. ... When T-cells modified so they no longer express CCR5 were mixed with unmodified T-cells expressing CCR5 and then challenged by ... Recent studies suggest that CCR5 is expressed in a subset of cancer cells with characteristics of cancer stem cells, which are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCR5

The energy is transformed into heat. Earmuffs can be used in the workplace or recreationally for loud activities, e.g., ... Exposure to loud noises damages the hair cells in the inner ear that are essential for sending neural impulses to the brain in ... Hearing protection earmuffs have cups lined with sound-deadening material, like thermal earmuffs and headphones in appearance, ... Loss of these hair cells leads to hearing loss that may cause speech and sounds to be muffled or distorted. Tinnitus is often ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earmuffs

"Uninfected vertebrate cells contain a protein that is closely related to the product of the avian sarcoma virus transforming ... Chang YM, Bai L, Yang I (2002). "Survey of Src activity and Src-related growth and migration in prostate cancer lines". Proc Am ... Lyn and Fgr are highly expressed in malignant prostate cells compared to normal prostate cells. When the primary prostate cells ... HSP90 inhibitor NVP-BEP800 has been described to affect stability of Src tyrosine kinase and growth of T-cell and B-cell acute ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-oncogene_tyrosine-protein_kinase_Src

When he finally enters his cell and, along with the other candidates, stretches his neck to peer out, he is just like the larva ... It became routine for civil officials to be appointed as front-line commanders in the army. The highest rank for a dedicated ... Most important, the promise of the examinations transformed learning from an elite concern to a preoccupation. Education became ... The facilities provided for the examinee consisted of an isolated room or cell with a makeshift bed, desk, and bench. Each ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_examination

It is summarized in a line that appeared in a confidential memo from a tobacco company, in 1969, when they sought to cast doubt ... "Bush Science Push Fails to Transform Critics" Don Gonyea. National Public Radio, Weekend Edition Sunday, February 26, 2006. ... accused the administration in July 2007 of political interference and muzzling him on key issues like embryonic stem cell ... "These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that the science is contradictory, the scientists are split, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politicization_of_science

Items like cell phones, a cup of coffee, and chewing gum are not recommended to bring to an interview, as it can lead to the ... Technology has transformed the Case-based and Technical interview process from a purely private in-person experience to an ... A mechanism for remediation and bottom-line consequences of interpersonal discrimination". Journal of Applied Psychology. 91 (3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_interview

While searching for the power cells in Manhattan and São Paulo, Desmond is hunted by the Templar Daniel Cross, dispatched by ... In the franchise, Desmond is a descendant of a long line of important characters, including Adam, Aquilus, Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad, ... he forgot his original identity and was transformed into a being of pure light called The Reader, whose task is to analyze ... After finding the Key and all the power cells, Desmond and his allies enter the Central Vault, whereupon Minerva and Juno ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_Miles

Kitamura N, Koshiba M, Horie O, Ryo R (2002). "Expression of granulysin mRNA in the human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line ... Granulysin has also been shown to slow the progression of cancers and destroy transformed cells through apoptosis. Patients ... Its expression is restricted to cytotoxic immune cells such as cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, NKT cells and γδ T cells. Orthologs ... such as NK cells, cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and in higher concentrations, immature dendritic cells. The 9 kDa form ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNLY

Hsp70-2 specifically is developmentally expressed in male germ line cells during meiosis, where it is necessary for the ... Expression of heat shock protein 70kDa protein 2 in transformed tumor cells has been implicated in the rapid proliferation, ... Molecular Cell Biology. 20 (11): 665-680. doi:10.1038/s41580-019-0133-3. PMID 31253954. S2CID 195739183. Kishor A, White EJ, ... June 2021). "DNAJC9 integrates heat shock molecular chaperones into the histone chaperone network". Molecular Cell. 81 (12): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA1B

When they attempt to touch her, she transforms into a much larger and more frightening skeletal form and causes the trio to ... Ghostbusters, like many films on which Moranis has worked, had him improvising some of his lines. Louis is a playable character ... Muncher eats through the bars of the cell housing the Ghostbusters equipment and flees. "Interview: Jean-Marc Lofficier". ... He uses the ionizers to charge ley lines running through Manhattan, intending to activate a vortex between the mortal and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ghostbusters_characters

The Irgun's members were divided into cells, and worked with the members of their own cells. The identities of Irgun members in ... Throughout 1937 the Irgun continued this line of operation. On March 6, a Jew at Sabbath prayers at the Western Wall was shot ... it became transformed into Likud Mitchell, Thomas G. (2000). Native vs. Settler: Ethnic Conflict in Israel/Palestine, Northern ... The Irgun built underground cells that participated in organizing migration to Palestine. The cells were made up almost ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irgun

BSkyB agreed on 1 March 2013 to buy the fixed telephone line and broadband business of Telefonica UK, trading under the O2 and ... Since its launch in 2007 the Millennium Dome has been transformed and rebranded by O2 into an entertainment venue. The O2 Arena ... who built a chain of cells between London Heathrow and BT Tower in January 1985. Cellnet was established in 1985 as a joint ... Alongside mobile telephone services, the company also provided fixed line services and home broadband. O2 purchased Be Un ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O2_(UK)

While in his cell, Bruce was told the story of an exiled mercenary and his wife and child that were once imprisoned there. The ... Kirk Langstrom into giving her the Man-Bat formula, she transformed a select bunch of unnamed League of Assassins members into ... Webb Mitovich, Matt (March 2, 2017). "Gotham Casts Big Bad Ra's al Ghul With Deep Space Nine's Alexander Siddig". TV Line. ... Nyssa is satisfied and upholds her promise, recalling all her forces from Gotham while Batman takes Ra's to a special cell and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Assassins

... is phosphorylated in v-Abl-transformed cells and localized in stress fibers and cardiocyte Z-disks". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (28): ... "Interaction of BCR-ABL with the retinoblastoma protein in Philadelphia chromosome-positive cell lines". Int. J. Hematol. 65 (2 ... "p130CAS forms a signaling complex with the adapter protein CRKL in hematopoietic cells transformed by the BCR/ABL oncogene". J ... cell division, cell adhesion, and stress response such as DNA repair. Activity of ABL1 protein is negatively regulated by its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABL_(gene)

They were transformed by the Entity to become the element of air and protect the Star City forest from the Dark Avatar, which ... Later, she is shown in Louisiana locating a parademon cell, Green Lantern appears and asks for her help with finding why his ... In March 2016, DC Comics developed DC Rebirth, as a relaunch of its entire line of ongoing monthly superhero comic books. Using ... The Elementals are then fused with the body of Alec Holland in order for him to be transformed by the Entity into the new Swamp ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawkgirl_(Kendra_Saunders)

The D flip-flop can be viewed as a memory cell, a zero-order hold, or a delay line. Truth table: (X denotes a don't care ... Note that the SR AND-OR latch can be transformed into the SR NOR latch using logic transformations: inverting the output of the ... and a SR latch would transform into a gated SR latch with inverted enable). With E high (enable true), the signals can pass ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip-flop_(electronics)

After Volta's discovery of the electrochemical cell in 1800, the term was then applied to a group of electrochemical cells " ... between the plates is defined as the line integral of the electric field over a line (in the z-direction) from one plate to ... Fourier transforming Gauss's law with this form for displacement field: I ( ω ) = j ω Q ( ω ) = j ω ∮ Σ D ( r , ω ) ⋅ d Σ = [ G ... A Fourier transform in time then results in: D ( ω ) = ε 0 ε r ( ω ) E ( ω ) , {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {D}}(\omega )=\ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor

To add to the complications, there are also two definitions of unit cell for calcite. One, an older "morphological" unit cell, ... Second, the vaterite transforms to calcite via a dissolution and reprecipitation mechanism, with the reaction rate controlled ... Calcite in limestone is divided into low-magnesium and high-magnesium calcite, with the dividing line placed at a composition ... Later, a "structural" unit cell was determined using X-ray crystallography. The morphological unit cell is rhombohedral, having ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcite

A granulocyte differentiates into a distinct cell type by a process called granulopoiesis. In this process it first transforms ... as well as mast cells and myeloblasts, the latter leading to the myelocytic line (granulocytes) and to monocytes, macrophages, ... In hematology, myelopoiesis in the broadest sense of the term is the production of bone marrow and of all cells that arise from ... The common myeloid progenitor can differentiate in the bone marrow into red blood cells and megakaryocytes (leading to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelopoiesis

As reported by Curie himself, it was Aristia who took the initiative in transforming irregular theatrical classes into a more ... in the very first line of the epic. Petre Gheorghe Bârlea describes zee as a precious contribution, superior to the Slavic- ... such episodes did not prevent Aristia from presenting the financial situation of revolutionary cells in unrealistic terms, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costache_Aristia

The coding sequences of 80 new genes (KIAA0201-KIAA0280) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from cell line KG-1 and brain". DNA ... Chang NS, Mattison J, Cao H, Pratt N, Zhao Y, Lee C (December 1998). "Cloning and characterization of a novel transforming ... Cell. 127 (3): 635-48. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026. PMID 17081983. S2CID 7827573. v t e (Genes on human chromosome, All stub ... Nature Cell Biology. 6 (2): 97-105. doi:10.1038/ncb1086. PMID 14743216. S2CID 11683986. Schultz L, Khera S, Sleve D, Heath J, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIAF1

to the data which transforms the data. Due to the humongous size of the data, there could be unknown features in the data, ... A simple representation of the Data Lineage can be shown with dots and lines, where dot represents a data container for data ... Another method to track data lineage is spreadsheet programs such as Excel that do offer users cell-level lineage, or the ... An actor is an entity that transforms data; it may be a Dryad vertex, individual map and reduce operators, a MapReduce job, or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_lineage

It is lined with marble-effect columns with gilt capitals and bases, with painted mottoes around the walls, including "Good ... In 1993, Leeds Crown Court opened on Westgate, ending the Town Hall's role as a courthouse; its police station and cells ( ... A magnificently sullen, passive building was transformed into a magnificently sullen, aggressive one, at the behest of the ... The Council had even established a sub-committee for street decorations - flags, banners and streamers lined the streets of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds_Town_Hall

Then she builds wax cells in which to lay her eggs which were fertilised the previous year. The eggs that hatch develop into ... "the venerable line about scientists having proved that a bumblebee can't fly appears regularly in magazine and newspaper ... transforming her father's interest into her poetry. The scientist and illustrator Moses Harris (1731-1785) painted accurate ... Bumblebees feed nectar to the larvae by chewing a small hole in the brood cell into which they regurgitate nectar. Larvae are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumblebee

First, in the "precalcific stage", something causes tendon cells to transform into other cells that can act as sites for ... The first line of treatment for calcific tendinitis is typically nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve pain, rest for ... Some theories involve the differentiation of tendon cells into other cells, namely cartilages or bone cells. Others associate ... the condition with cell death due to aging, wear, or lack of oxygen in the tissue; however, the disease is uncommon in the very ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcific_tendinitis

The first low-floor bus produced in Bolechowo rolled off the assembly line on 22 March 1996 and it is this very date that is ... On 1 July 2005 the company was transformed into joint-stock company (pol.spółka akcyjna) Solaris Bus & Coach S.A.. Years later ... these vehicles were the first to use a hydrogen fuel cell as an additional power source. In September 2014, during the IAA ... The first bus produced by Neoplan Polska came fresh off the production line on 22 March 1996. Having carried out the order for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_Bus_&_Coach

Mindful Framing:Transform Your Anxiety Into Vital Energy (2018) "Oscar Segurado". Forbes Councils. Retrieved 2022-09-15. "Oscar ... I. HLA-A2-restricted recognition of autologous and allogeneic tumor lines". The Journal of Immunology. 151 (8): 4209-4220. PMID ... and protein/cell diagnostics (Abbott, BD, and Crescendo), predominantly focused on Oncology, Hematology, and Autoimmunity, ... "Tumor-specific lysis of human renal cell carcinomas by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Segurado

Expression of this gene is up-regulated in some cancer cell lines, and in embryonic day 15 in mice. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89 ... Transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TACC3 gene. The function of ... and is upregulated in various cancer cell lines". Genomics. 58 (2): 165-70. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5829. PMID 10366448. Gergely ... "Entrez Gene: TACC3 transforming, acidic coiled-coil containing protein 3". Lappin TR, Mullan RN, Stewart JP, et al. (2003). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TACC3

... the second is a network of orthogonal lines with quadratic cells. We find this motif, for example, on the third floor of Angkor ... Instead they are required to reproduce the traditional kbach idealised forms handed down and transformed from generation to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kbach

Six full-line Barneys stores and six warehouse stores operate in its Japan division as of 2020. Established in 1986, the ... He was handcuffed, detained in a holding cell for two hours and interrogated further. He was later released after the police ... Fred Pressman slowly transformed the store from a salty discount house that sold roast beef sandwiches in its pub to a purveyor ... It became the first clothing store in the U.S. to stock the full line of Giorgio Armani, after signing an agreement in 1976. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barneys_New_York

d'Arezzo expanded this system to four lines, and initiated the idea of ledger lines by adding lines above or below these lines ... Ingalls, Monique M. (30 May 2009). "The Evangelical British Invasion: Challenging Boundaries, Transforming Congregational Song ... cells, and antibodies, for the field of plant disease The comparability between transactions requires a comparison of the ... Guido d'Arezzo developed a system of pitch notation using lines and spaces. Until this time, only two lines had been used. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royalty_payment

... in normal human somatic cells can reconstitute telomerase activity and extend their replicative lifespan. We report here that ... Cell Line, Transformed * Cell Transformation, Neoplastic* * Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / metabolism ... Telomerase expression in human somatic cells does not induce changes associated with a transformed phenotype Nat Genet. 1999 ... high cell density, G1 or G2 phase blockers and spindle inhibitors. In addition, we observed no cell growth in soft agar and ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9916802/

CONTACT-INHIBITED REVERTANT CELL LINES ISOLATED FROM SV40-TRANSFORMED CELLS : IV. Microfilament Distribution and Cell Shape in ... Two contact-inhibited "revertant" cell lines were isolated from an SV40-transformed mouse 3T3 cell line (SV-3T3) after exposure ... CONTACT-INHIBITED REVERTANT CELL LINES ISOLATED FROM SV40-TRANSFORMED CELLS : I. Biologic, Virologic, and Chemical Properties ... Lloyd A. Culp, William J. Grimes, Paul H. Black; CONTACT-INHIBITED REVERTANT CELL LINES ISOLATED FROM SV40-TRANSFORMED CELLS : ...

https://rup.silverchair.com/jcb/article-standard/50/3/682/17776/CONTACT-INHIBITED-REVERTANT-CELL-LINES-ISOLATED

Cell surface properties of HLA antigens on Epstein-Barr virus-transformed cell lines. *Posted on: 25 September 2015 ... Home » Cell surface properties of HLA antigens on Epstein-Barr virus-transformed cell lines. ... Cell surface properties of HLA antigens on Epstein-Barr virus-transformed cell lines. ...

https://smith.chem.wisc.edu/content/cell-surface-properties-hla-antigens-epstein-barr-virus-transformed-cell-lines

Chromosomal alterations in a Chinese hamster cell line transformed in vitro by SV40 virus. Indian Journal of Medical Research. ... Chromosomal alterations in a Chinese hamster cell line transformed in vitro by SV40 virus. ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/16539

... many resort to using transformed cell lines, which will grow indefinitely in culture. Artifacts specific to the transformed ... but these cells have a limited life span in culture, are not always readily available, and can be difficult to propagate. To ... Using primary cells directly from an animal is one way to lend credibility to observations, ... Clontech recently developed the Infinity series of telomerase-immortalized cell lines as an alternative to transformed cell ...

https://www.the-scientist.com/technology/fountain-of-youth-56195

Short description of cell lines Transforming agent: murine RSV. - By clicking on the cell line name, you will receive the ... Cell Line Data Base: structure and recent improvements towards molecular authentication of human cell lines.. Nucleic Acids ... By clicking on one of the terms between parentheses, you will receive the list of all relevant cell lines MRSV (AP170) (mouse, ... Home - Cell Index - Search - Web Sites Species - Tissues - Tumors - Pathologies - Tr. Agents Collections - Laboratories - ...

http://bioinformatics.hsanmartino.it/hypercldb/agt176.html

XC, rat cell line, transformed with RSV (CCL/NBRL). -. -. -. -. -. MSV. Alpharetrovirus. F81, cat cell line, MSV infected (CCL/ ... JLSV5, mouse cell line (CCL/NBRL 14). -. -. -. -. -. FeLV. Gammaretrovirus. FeLV 3281, cat cell line (CCL/NBRL). -. -. -. -. - ... KIA, baboon cell line (ARRRP). -. -. -. -. -. HTLV-1. Deltaretrovirus. MT2, human lymphocyte cell line (C. Hanson). -. -. -. - ... H9, human cell line, HIV-1 infected (C. Hanson). -. -. -. -. -. HIV-2. Lentivirus. H9, human cell line, HIV-2 infected (C. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/5/13-1298-t1

... has transformed cell-based assays in drug discovery and basic biology by conferring physiologic relevance to in vitro cell- ... Starting Cells Make a Difference. 3D cell cultures have been grown from various cells, including transformed cell lines and ... readily grows in organoids but will not infect transformed cells because the cells lack the relevant receptors.. Cell-based ... Organoid cell culture has transformed cell-based assays in drug discovery and basic biology by conferring physiologic relevance ...

https://www.corning.com/cn/zh/products/life-sciences/resources/stories/the-cutting-edge/using-organoids-in-the-study-of-infectious-diseases.html

... in a series of leukemia cell lines transformed by Bcr/Abl or other oncogenes. We also examined these events in cell lines ... and TF-1 cells transformed by Bcr/Abl, but not in the untransformed parental cell lines in the absence of IL-3. Phosphorylation ... DNA-STAT complexes were detected in all Bcr/Abl-transformed cell lines and they were supershifted by antibodies against STAT1 ... proteins in hematopoietic cell lines transformed by Bcr/Abl. N Carlesso, N Carlesso ...

https://rup.silverchair.com/jem/article/183/3/811/47857/Tyrosyl-phosphorylation-and-DNA-binding-activity?searchresult=1

T2 - Characterization of a transformed rat retinal ganglion cell line (Brain Research Molecular Brain Research (2001) 86 (1-12 ... Erratum: Characterization of a transformed rat retinal ganglion cell line (Brain Research Molecular Brain Research (2001) 86 (1 ... Erratum: Characterization of a transformed rat retinal ganglion cell line (Brain Research Molecular Brain Research (2001) 86 (1 ... Erratum : Characterization of a transformed rat retinal ganglion cell line (Brain Research Molecular Brain Research (2001) 86 ( ...

https://experts.unthsc.edu/en/publications/erratum-characterization-of-a-transformed-rat-retinal-ganglion-ce

... into the world of the cell and is one of the biologists favorite tools for the examination of both living and fixed cells in ... Transformed (Simian Virus 40) African Green Monkey Kidney Fibroblast Cells (COS-1 Line). COS-1 is a transformed cell line that ... Transformed (Simian Virus 40) African Green Monkey Kidney Fibroblast Cells (COS-7 Line). The COS-7 cell line is a line ... Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (CHO-K1 Line). CHO-K1 is a cell line that was derived as a subclone from the parental CHO cell line ...

https://www.microscopyu.com/galleries/fluorescence/cells

... cell lines, although changes in E-cadherin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin were identified in individual cell lines. We ... All cell lines then were tested for changes in proliferation in response to TGF-beta stimulation. Despite homozygous mutation ... All cell lines were stimulated with TGF-beta1 and adhesion molecules detected by ELISA. No consistent changes were identified ... We investigated the role of TGFBR2 mutations in 12 colorectal cancer cell lines. Six of these were RER+, and these were shown ...

https://www.stemcells.ox.ac.uk/publications/487558

... and cadmium chloride-transformed BALA/c-3T3 and tumor cell lines by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Mutat Res 425: ... Ensell M-X, Hubbs A, Zhou G, Batelli L, Nath J, Ong T [Jul 1999]. Neoplastic potential of rat tracheal epithelial cell lines ... Mol Cell Biochem 198:193-200.. Ye J, Young HA, Zhang X, Castranova V, Vallyathan V, Shi X [Sep 1999]. Regulation of a cell type ... and interferon-g in two macrophage cell lines [Abstract]. Abstracts of Experimental Biology 99. FASEB Journal 13(5):A1150. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2000-136/default.html

Ten focal colonies were isolated from Type 3 foci and transformed cell lines were derived. DNA and RNA were isolated from each ... transformed cell line. Gene amplification and gene expression of several proto-oncogenes (K-ras, c-jun, c-fos, c-myc, c-sis and ... To study the transforming potential of MWF, BALB/c-3T3 cells were exposed to MWF at varying concentrations for 24 hours. The ... None of the genes studied were amplified in these transformed cells. However, increased expression of c-jun and c-fos was ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=skin&t3=1&f1=%2A&s5=percutaneous&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=dermal&t4=1&terms=7&Adv=1&ct=&B1=Search&f2=%2A&t2=1&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&s3=dermatitis&f3=%2A&s4=cutaneous&EndYear=&f4=%2A&f5=%2A&whichdate=DP&D1=10&PageNo=226&RecNo=2259&View=f&

Cell Line, Transformed. Gray NE, Morré J, Kelley J, Maier CS, Stevens JF, Quinn JF, Soumyanath A. 2014. Caffeoylquinic acids in ... Cell Death. Gray NE, Morré J, Kelley J, Maier CS, Stevens JF, Quinn JF, Soumyanath A. 2014. Caffeoylquinic acids in Centella ...

https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/biblio?f%5Bauthor%5D=4936&o=asc&page=6&s=keyword

... are major players in maintaining calcium homeostasis in the cell and have been detected in all cellular organisms. Here, we ... Characteristics of a Human Cell Line Transformed by DNA from Human Adenovirus Type 5 F. L. Graham, J. Smiley, W. C. Russell and ... J Cell Biol 124, 351-363.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] * De Michelis, M. I. & Spanswick, R. M.(1986). H-pumping driven by the ... Di Leva, F., Domi, T., Fedrizzi, L., Lim, D. & Carafoli, E.(2008). The plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase of animal cells: structure, ...

https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.021873-0

An allogeneic EBV-transformed B cell line ( 15 ) was then irradiated (50Gy; 137Cs source) and added to the PBMC at a 1:2 ratio ... The mucosal T cell integrin alpha M290 beta 7 recognizes a ligand on mucosal epithelial cell lines. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23: ... of these cells express a specific adhesion molecule, the αEβ7-integrin and that these cells are typically CD4− CD8+ T cells; αE ... CD103+ T cells were restricted exclusively to the tubules. The numbers of intratubular CD8+ and CD103+ cells and the ratio of ...

https://journals.lww.com/transplantjournal/Fulltext/2001/01270/TUBULITIS_AFTER_RENAL_TRANSPLANTATION_.24.aspx

Presence and orientation of two closely integrated copies of EBV in a lymphoma line by J. Lawrence et al. ... Chromosome site for Epstein-Barr virus DNA in a Burkitt tumor cell line and in lymphocytes growth-transformed in vitro.. *A. ... Repeat array in Epstein-Barr virus DNA is related to cell DNA sequences interspersed on human chromosomes.. *M. Heller, A. ... It is suggested that most or all of the EBV genome is integrated into the chromosomal DNA of Namalwa and IB4 cells, and a ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Sensitive%2C-high-resolution-chromatin-and-chromosome-Lawrence-Villnave/ed7b525a698e1256e841dff8be812df5dbbf6902

Journal Article] Cilliary assembly/disassembly assay in non-transformed cell lines2018. *. Author(s). Saito M, Sakaji K, Otsu W ... Presentation] Regulatory mechanisms of cell cycle progression through primary ciliary resorption.2019. *. Author(s). Masaki ... Presentation] Regulatory Mechanisms of Primary Ciliary Resorption and Cell Cycle Progression by a Dynein Light Chain, Tctex-1 ... Presentation] MAST4, a function-unknown protein, promotes cell cycle progression through accelerating primary cilliary ...

https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18K06885/

16] A stem cell line consists of all the cells created by the continuous division of a particular group of stem cells. ... 17] BBC News, "Skin Transformed Into Stem Cells," Nov. 20, 2007. Available online at http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools ... The Wisconsin scientists created eight new stem cell "lines"[16] for use in research.[17] However, both teams have warned that ... as does a nerve cell or blood cell, for example); and they generate specialized cells.[3] ...

https://www.mackinac.org/9261

GLYPTAPANTELES INDIENSIS POLYDNAVIRUS DNA MAINTENANCE IN TRANSFORMED LYMANTRIA DISPAR AND OTHER INSECT CELL LINES - (Abstract ... BACULOVIRUS-BASED EXPRESSION OF AN INSECT VIRAL PROTEIN IN 12 DIFFERENT INSECT CELL LINES. - (Peer Reviewed Journal) ... The Lymantria dispar IPLB-Ld652Y cell line transcriptome comprises diverse virus-associated transcripts. - (Peer Reviewed ... The Lymantria dispar IPLB-Ld652Y cell line transcriptome comprises numerous virus-associated transcripts. - (Peer Reviewed ...

https://www.ars.usda.gov/people-locations/person?person-id=2189

By using a human osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS), we show that after the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated removal of the SMC5/6 subunit ... In contrast, NSMCE2 appeared not essential for a proper DNA damage response or cell survival after DSB induction by ionizing ... the versatile mechanisms by which SMC5/6 functions and its molecular regulation in mammalian cells remain poorly understood. ... SMC5/6 provides structural organization and topological stress relief during replication in mitotically dividing cells. Despite ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/11/1782

This protein is found on the surface of cells, especially in the lining of developing arteries. ... Polymorphisms in transforming growth factor-beta-related genes ALK1 and ENG are associated with sporadic brain arteriovenous ... Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an update on transforming growth factor beta signaling in vasculogenesis and ... the ligand is called transforming growth factor beta. The interaction between these proteins plays a role in the development of ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/acvrl1/

... cell lines. We show that five distinct models cluster topologically into normal and diseased sets, revealing functional ... Uncovering signaling differences between normal and transformed hepatocytes using cell-specific pathway models. Add to your ... Uncovering signaling differences between normal and transformed hepatocytes using cell-specific pathway models ... and they are not cell-specific, a significant limitation because it is precisely biochemical differences between normal and ...

http://talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/24759

... miR-155 ortholog critical for the induction of lymphomas is not essential for the proliferation of transformed cell lines. ... Differentially-expressed genes during spontaneous lytic switch of Mareks disease virus in lymphoblastoid cell lines determined ... Single-cell RNA-seq reveals CD16- monocytes as key regulators of human monocyte transcriptional response to Toxoplasma. Patir, ... Single-cell RNA-seq reveals CD16- monocytes as key regulators of human monocyte transcriptional response to Toxoplasma. Patir, ...

https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/persons/mick-watson/publications/

TNF-α is secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, and NK cells. Many transformed cell lines also secrete TNF-α ... Cell Sources Activated monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, T cells, B cells, NK cells, LAK cells Cell Targets Monocytes, ... Cell Type Neutrophils, Tregs Biology Area Cell Biology, Immunology, Innate Immunity, Neuroinflammation, Neuroscience Molecular ... Paracrine/endocrine mediator of inflammatory and immune functions; selectively cytotoxic for transformed cells; chemoattractant ...

https://www.biolegend.com/en-us/products/pacific-blue-anti-human-tnf-alpha-antibody-4149

Study may help bioengineers determine when to use multiple lines of cells to manufacture a product ... Cells are constantly absorbing nutrients and raw materials and transforming them into something more useful. Often the process ... This is the first systematic look into what circumstances make multiple cell lines better than one." ... they can model the strain that complex tasks put on a single cells growth rate or the inefficiencies introduced when cells ...

https://www.genengnews.com/news/using-multiple-cell-lines-to-manufacture-biotech-products/

We investigated the impact of transformed notochord cells in the zebrafish skeleton using a line expressing RAS in the ... And what is the impact of transformed cells in disc and bone homeostasis? By demonstrating that transformed notochord cells ... Transformed notochord cells lead to fusions and vertebral clefts,which can be rescued by immune cell modulation. (A) µCT images ... Transformed notochord cells lead to fusions and vertebral clefts,which can be rescued by immune cell modulation. (A) µCT images ...

https://journals.biologists.com/dmm/article/14/3/dmm047001/237843/Transformed-notochordal-cells-trigger-chronic

Stimulates healthy cell regeneration & softens scars and lines.. *Fades discoloration, hyper-pigmentation, evens skin tone. ... Exfoliates top layer skin cells & accelerates healthy cellular turnover.. *Reveals fresh, ultra-smooth, re-texturized skin in ... Aging , Acneic , Discolored , Rough , Wrinkles & Fine Lines , Scaly , Sun-Damaged , Scars , Ashy , Clogged , Skin Previously ... Rapid action minimizes wrinkles, visible lines and imperfections in 2 to 4 days. ...

https://www.pk24.com/it/products/aha-glycolic-acid-and-lactic-acid

Cell lines IMR-90 (i and ii), F13535.1 (iii + v), and GM25256 (iv).". Cutting edge organoid work. How about human brain ... Under carefully defined conditions stem cells or gut cells could organize into 3D structures that resembled real gut. Ive ... We make them from human induced pluripotent stem cells or iPS cells. ... How brain organoids are transforming research. By Professor Paul Knoepfler, Ph.D. / Leave a Comment / August 2, 2022 August 2, ...

https://ipscell.com/2022/08/how-brain-organoids-are-transforming-research/

IMSEAR at SEARO: Chromosomal alterations in a Chinese hamster cell line transformed in vitro by SV40 virus. (who.int)
Organoid cell culture has transformed cell-based assays in drug discovery and basic biology by conferring physiologic relevance to in vitro cell-based biological models. (corning.com)
Dr Clevers' technology allowed, for the first time, the expansion of adult stem cell-derived organoids in genetically stable form and ultimately, the generation of in vitro models of any epithelial disease from any patient. (corning.com)
It is widely assumed among cell biologists that the fibroblast tendency to readily grow and proliferate in vitro is linked to their function in the body, where they are extremely important for wound healing. (microscopyu.com)
A parallel in vitro study quantified CD103+ T cells after allospecific activation with and without exogenous TGFβ 1 . (lww.com)
The in vitro study demonstrated that addition of TGFβ 1 to activated, alloantigen-specific T cells increased the proportion of CD8+ cells that also expressed CD103. (lww.com)
The principle source of embryonic stem cells has been embryos created by in vitro fertilization [10] but not implanted in a woman's uterus. (mackinac.org)
TNF-α binding to surface receptors elicits a wide array of biological activities including: cytolysis and cytostasis of many tumor cell lines in vitro , hemorraghic necrosis of tumors in vivo , increased fibroblast proliferation, and enhanced chemotaxis and phagocytosis in neutrophils. (biolegend.com)
Furthermore, isolated lamina propria cells from mice with colitis infected in vitro showed a significant increase in reporter gene activity compared with controls. (bmj.com)
Most biological functions of cells and tissues of the gastrointestinal tract have been characterised by in vitro assay systems. (bmj.com)
Línea celular eucariótica obtenida en una fase estacionaria o de quiescencia que experimenta, en cultivo, una transformación hacia un estado de crecimiento descontrolado semejante a un tumor in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
Eukaryotic cell line obtained in a quiescent or stationary phase which undergoes conversion to a state of unregulated growth in culture, resembling an in vitro tumor. (bvsalud.org)
In vitro meat has the capacity to transform meat production as we know it, not only offering new and diverse types of product but also introducing an entirely new way of thinking about and interacting with food. (nextnature.net)
During current study, compound 1 was found to exhibit significant immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro in T-cell proliferation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production assay, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)

All cell lines then were tested for changes in proliferation in response to TGF-beta stimulation. (ox.ac.uk)
These findings support the notion that Tax, telomerase and shelterin play a critical role in the proliferation of HTLV-1 transformed T lymphocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
This aberrant expression results in uncontrolled cell proliferation and subsequent genetic instability. (oncotarget.com)
Dr. Ferguson sought to identify components of cranberry that are responsible for its observed anticancer activity and to determine the mechanisms underlying the ability of cranberry constituents to inhibit the proliferation of prostate tumor cells and induce cell death. (aicr.org)
Even certain cancers, such as leukemia, are spawned by the uncontrolled proliferation of immune cells! (primalblueprint.com)
In accordance with other reports, cell culture experiments confirmed that TTFields reduce the proliferation of different glioma cell lines in a field strength- and frequency-dependent manner. (nature.com)
Wound healing is an extremely complex process consists of hemostasis, inflammation, cell proliferation and scar tissue remodeling phases. (fabad.org.tr)
The immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities and cytotoxicity of compounds 1 - 7 were evaluated by observing their effects on T-cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and normal cell growth in MTT assays, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
These compounds showed immunosuppressant effect in the T-cell proliferation assay with IC 50 values between 31.2 to 2.7 μg/mL, while the IC 50 values for ROS inhibition, representing anti-inflammatory effect, were in the range of 25.6 to 2.0 μg/mL. (biomedcentral.com)
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable cancer in which uncontrolled plasma cell proliferation disrupts the bone marrow environment and impairs immune function. (hrb.ie)

Previously, organoids were generated from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, or from tumor cells which by necessity are genetically modified and therefore unrepresentative of the patient. (corning.com)

Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) generated ex vivo from MD lymphomas are considered excellent models to study virus-host molecular interactions. (pirbright.ac.uk)
Additionally, we generate thousands of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines and proliferating T cells for functional studies. (go.jp)
Immunohistochemistry of hepatic tissue and immunoblotting of a cadmium-stimulated Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) revealed complete absence of HO-1 production. (jci.org)

TREC-EBV cells, therefore, constitute a reproducible cellular calibrator for TREC assays, useful for both population-based screening for severe combined immunodeficiency and evaluation of naïve T cell production in clinical settings. (cdc.gov)
DiscoveRx offers cell-based assays that target other members of this gene family or functional group. (discoverx.com)

Thus, we find that telomerase expression in normal cells does not appear to induce changes associated with a malignant phenotype. (nih.gov)
Artifacts specific to the transformed phenotype are a serious drawback to this approach. (the-scientist.com)
MPI cells, a non-transformed line that closely mimics AM phenotype, were treated with mass-, surface area- (s.a.), and particle number- (p.n.) equivalent doses of respirable asbestiform and non-asbestiform riebeckite/tremolite EMP (median lengths 4.5-5.5 microm) for 24 h with or without LPS (5 ng/ml). (cdc.gov)
In addition, XPP-specific expression of LBD16/ASL18 in arf7 arf19 induced cell divisions at XPP, thereby restoring the LR phenotype. (biologists.com)

LPS stimulation shifted the cytokine profiles towards inflammation compared to non-LPS-stimulated cells, with more IL-1beta and TNF-alpha secretion in asbestos -treated cells compared to CF. In conclusion, murine AM initial responses to respirable EMP of similar lengths, but different growth habit depend on the s.a. metric rather than the mass or the p.n. (cdc.gov)
Ectopic expression of murine SH3BGRL (mSH3BGRL) strongly promoted both tumor cell invasion and lung metastasis. (bvsalud.org)
Differential temporal expression of members of the transforming growth factor β superfamily during murine fracture healing. (lievers.net)

We report here that at twice the normal number of population doublings, telomerase-expressing human skin fibroblasts (BJ-hTERT) and retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE-hTERT) retain normal growth control in response to serum deprivation, high cell density, G1 or G2 phase blockers and spindle inhibitors. (nih.gov)
Reduced interleukin-8 production by cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)
Lymphocytes extracted from rejecting renal tissue are known to express the α E β 7 -integrin (CD103), a receptor for E-cadherin expressed on epithelial cells. (lww.com)
Immuno-labeling detected CD8+ and CD103+ lymphocytes and E-cadherin on epithelial cells in cryostat sections from 34 diagnostic biopsy specimens and a limited number of transplant nephrectomies. (lww.com)
The capacity of CD103+ T cells to bind E-cadherin on tubular epithelial cells may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of specific tissue damage observed in acute renal allograft rejection. (lww.com)
Renal tubulitis is a pathological phenomenon defined by kidney-infiltrating mononuclear cells that have traversed the tubular basement membrane to lie beneath and between the tubular epithelial cells (TEC). (lww.com)
In contrast, local administration of AdCMVβGal resulted in high reporter gene expression in colonic epithelial cells and lamina propria mononuclear cells. (bmj.com)

The COS-1 cell line was produced via transformation of the previously established line with an origin defective mutant of simian virus 40 ( SV40 ) that codes for wild type large tumor antigen ( T antigen ). (microscopyu.com)
Cell transformation and gene expression induced by metal working fluid in BALB/c-3T3 cells. (cdc.gov)
These results indicate that MWF is capable of inducing morphological transformation in BALB/c-3T3 cells and that alteration in c-jun and c-fos expression in associated with MWF-induced transformation. (cdc.gov)
Our data suggest that induction of cyclins D1 and D2 by Tax is involved in IL-2-independent cell-cycle progression as well as IL-2-independent transformation of primary human T cells by HTLV-I. High expression levels of cyclin D1 and D2 mRNAs were also detected in some patients with ATL. (mdc-berlin.de)
Our findings link HTLV-I infection to changes in cellular D-type cyclin gene expression, transformation of T cells and subsequent development of T-cell leukemia. (mdc-berlin.de)
In this manuscript, we report for the first time the microbial transformation of a synthetic anabolic steroidal drug, oxymetholone, by fungal cell cultures. (biomedcentral.com)

Alveolar macrophages (AM) are the first-responders to inhaled particulates, participating in clearance and activating the other resident and recruited immunocompetent cells, which has an impact on the long-term outcomes. (cdc.gov)
It is expressed on lysosomal membranes and the plasma membrane of macrophages and some myeloid cell lines. (web.app)
that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)
In lean adipose tissue, IL-4 secreted by eosinophils and Th2 cells activates M2 type macrophages, which express arginase and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. (molcells.org)

The data presented suggest that the property of contact inhibition in revertant cells is related to the sialic acid content of the plasma membrane and that changes in sialic acid content of transformed cells are not directly specified by the viral genome. (silverchair.com)

The rescued virus transformed 3T3 cells with the same efficiency as wild type virus, and produced transformed colonies which were phenotypically similar to those produced by wild type virus. (silverchair.com)

In addition, we observed no cell growth in soft agar and detected no tumour formation in vivo. (nih.gov)
So far, the study was only accomplished in cell culture, and Wolf said the lab hasn't yet looked at any delivery methods that would be use for in vivo approaches. (genomeweb.com)
BACKGROUND/AIMS Replication deficient recombinant adenoviruses represent an efficient means of transferring genes in vivo into a wide variety of dividing and quiescent cells from many different organs. (bmj.com)
Los experimentos in Vivo de Lai y Singh (1995, 1996) ameritan especial atención, teniendo en cuenta el interés que despertaron. (rfcom.ca)

Despite homozygous mutation of the type II TGF-beta receptor, two RER+ cell lines, Lovo and SW48, showed statistically significant growth inhibition when stimulated by TGF-beta1 in serum-free conditions. (ox.ac.uk)

None of the genes studied were amplified in these transformed cells. (cdc.gov)
It has been established that cell specialization [7] results from the activation of particular genes within a cell. (mackinac.org)
Polymorphisms in transforming growth factor-beta-related genes ALK1 and ENG are associated with sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations. (medlineplus.gov)
The proteins encoded by Myb genes bind to DNA and regulate the expression of other genes that control cell division, differentiation, and cell death. (stanford.edu)
When HIV normally infects a cell, it is in a semi-random position in the genome, [and] usually integrates around active genes," he said. (genomeweb.com)
T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) are circular DNA molecules formed during rearrangement of the T cell receptor (TCR) genes during lymphocyte development. (cdc.gov)
Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
Spivak and colleagues analyzed gene expression in CD34+ peripheral-blood cells from 19 patients with PV and found twice as many up-regulated or down-regulated genes in men as in women. (medscape.com)
The co-mutation of EGFR and tumor-related genes leads to a worse prognosis and a higher level of tumor mutational burden in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients. (cdc.gov)
Driver and novel genes correlated with metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer: A comprehensive analysis. (cdc.gov)

Tyrosyl phosphorylation and DNA binding activity of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins in hematopoietic cell lines transformed by Bcr/Abl. (silverchair.com)
Cytogenetic studies show the presence of an abnormal karyotype in the hematopoietic progenitor cells in approximately 34% of patients with PV, depending on which stage of the disease the study was performed at. (medscape.com)

Since it is not contested that WI-38 and MRC-5 were in fact aborted fetal cell lines, the primary source at the above URL proves that aborted fetal cell lines were used and strongly implies that the information was up-to-date in March 2018. (asknoah.org)

Organoids arise from organ-derived adult pluripotent stem cells, organ stem cells, or cancer stem cells which possess the innate capacity to expand and differentiate into multiple cell types. (corning.com)
In addition HUB generated models for other diseases such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). The company has also introduced adult stem cell-derived kidney organoids, and continues to investigate the molecular mechanisms of tissue development and cancer using organoids generated from adult Lgr5 stem cells. (corning.com)
A second key benefit was indefinite expansion similar to that of transformed cells, but without the genetic abnormalities inherent in cancer cells. (corning.com)
Transforming growth factor beta stimulation of colorectal cancer cell lines: type II receptor bypass and changes in adhesion molecule expression. (ox.ac.uk)
We investigated the role of TGFBR2 mutations in 12 colorectal cancer cell lines. (ox.ac.uk)
An updated ASCO guideline recommends lutetium-177-labeled PSMA-617 (LuPSMA), a targeted radioligand therapy, for patients with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who have been treated with one prior line of androgen receptor pathway. (ascopost.com)
As reported in The Lancet by Manali Kamdar, MD, of the University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, and colleagues, an interim analysis of the phase III TRANSFORM trial has shown significantly improved event-free survival with second-line lisocabtagene maraleucel vs standard-of-care salvage. (ascopost.com)
Since 2014, I have been diagnosed with both non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer, each occurring in my right lung. (ascopost.com)
While studying such HPV-infected cancer cells in his lab, Dutta and his team made an unexpected discovery: An enzyme known as USP46 appears to play a role in helping these cells proliferate. (uvamagazine.org)
It is something specifically happening in HPV-transformed cancer cell lines," Dutta says. (uvamagazine.org)
USP46 seems to be very important for multiplication for HPV-transformed cancer cells. (uvamagazine.org)
Dutta says it may be possible to create a drug narrowly targeted to "jam" the activity of USP46 and "attack HPV cancer but leave the rest of the proliferating cells in the body alone. (uvamagazine.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Bisulfite sequencing and methylation-specific PCR showed increased methylation of hsa-mir-129-2/-137/-935/-3663/-3665 and -4281 in anchorage independent HPV-transformed keratinocytes and cervical cancer cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
Mature miRNAs derived from hsa-mir-129-2/-137/-3663 and -3665 showed functional relevance as they decreased anchorage independence in cervical cancer cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
If a cell lives but repair is incomplete, lung cancer can develop (NRCC 1999). (cdc.gov)
40 Years of Progress: Transforming Cancer. (aicr.org)
Data for analysis of YIF1B mRNA expression were downloaded from the website portals: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GTEx, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), including clinical and mutational information. (silverchair.com)
There was a positive relationship between YIF1B expression and immune cell infiltration in several cancer types, and YIF1B also positively correlated with TMB, MSI, and methylation in some cancer types, linking its expression to possible evaluation of therapy response. (silverchair.com)
One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
genic models are inadequate for number of activated CD8-positive T LMP1 was strongly expressed in the understanding the cancer etiology in cells increased considerably in the lymphoma tissues but was hardly the context of natural viral infection. (who.int)
28]. In various other studies, nevertheless, 17-AAG treatment triggered a decline altogether choline amounts (made up of choline, Computer and GPC) in prostate tumor xenografts [29] as well as the (R)-Oxiracetam prices of radiolabelled-choline uptake and phosphorylation in individual cancer of the colon cells which will be expected to create a decrease in mobile Computer [30]. (ebat2018.org)
As part of the collaboration, the two companies will evaluate the combination of Syndax's entinostat, an oral, small molecule, class I HDAC inhibitor, and Genentech's programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) blocking antibody, atezolizumab (TECENTRIQ), in patients with second-line hormone receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HR+, HER2-) metastatic breast cancer. (contractpharma.com)
The planned Phase Ib/II, open-label, multicenter, randomized trial will enroll patients with metastatic HR+, HER2- breast cancer who have experienced disease progression during or following first-line therapy. (contractpharma.com)
Recent advances in sequencing techniques have transformed cancer treatment. (contractpharma.com)
The clinical value of circulating tumor DNA detection in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
Evaluation of the Mutation Profile via Next-Generation Sequencing in a Turkish Population With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. (cdc.gov)
A retrospective analysis of eleven gene mutations, PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics in non-small cell lung cancer patients. (cdc.gov)
Lip cancer initiates as a chronic process and the continuous exposure to sunlight favors the development of a potentially precancerous lesion, so-called actinic cheilitis (AC) that generally can be transformed into epidermoid carcinoma (EC). (bvsalud.org)
Epigenetic Alteration of the Cancer-Related Gene TGFBI in B Cells Infected with Epstein-Barr Virus and Exposed to Aflatoxin B1: Potential Role in Burkitt Lymphoma Development. (who.int)
It's also important to note that the guideline does not apply to pain management related to sickle cell disease, cancer related pain treatment, palliative care or end of life care. (cdc.gov)

We analyzed JAK activation, STAT protein phosphorylation, and the formation of specific DNA-binding complexes containing STAT proteins, in a series of leukemia cell lines transformed by Bcr/Abl or other oncogenes. (silverchair.com)
This portion of the fluorescence digital image gallery features widefield fluorescence images captured from over 30 cell lines stained with a mixture of synthetic probes, antibodies, and fluorescent proteins. (microscopyu.com)
A study by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and colleagues at Stanford University and Oxford University supports the idea that some T cells that react to microbes also may react to normal human proteins, causing autoimmune disease. (genengnews.com)
For example, they can model the strain that complex tasks put on a single cell's growth rate or the inefficiencies introduced when cells must pass signals, enzymes, and proteins back and forth in a division-of-labor scheme. (genengnews.com)
Your immune system is a complex network of cells, proteins, tissues and organs that work together to protect you against germs, infectious organisms and disease. (primalblueprint.com)
Previous reports suggest that electrical forces on cell structure proteins interfered with the chromosome separation during mitosis and induced apoptosis. (nature.com)

The structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes shape and regulate the structure and dynamics of chromatin, thereby controlling many chromosome-based processes such as cell cycle progression, differentiation, gene transcription and DNA repair. (mdpi.com)
This protein is found on the surface of cells, especially in the lining of developing arteries. (medlineplus.gov)
In the case of the ACVRL1 protein, the ligand is called transforming growth factor beta. (medlineplus.gov)
A T cell receptor that recognizes a human protein fragment (left) is remarkably similar to one that recognizes a bacterial protein fragment (right), and to two receptors capable of recognizing both human and bacterial protein fragments (middle). (genengnews.com)
Confocal microscopy images of intestinal organoids stained for nuclei (DAPI, blue), proliferating cells(ki67, red) and nuclear lamina protein Lamin A/C (green). (ipscell.com)
It has been previously found that hTERT activity is down-regulated by the human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax protein in HTLV-1 transformed T lymphocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Our aim was to examine the involvement of G1 cell-cycle regulators in cell growth dysregulation induced by HTLV-I. Compared to uninfected cells, higher expression levels of cyclin D1 and D2 mRNA were detected in HTLV-I-infected T-cell lines, which were at least in part mediated by the viral transforming protein Tax since Tax activated both cyclin D1 and D2 promoters in the human T-cell line Jurkat. (mdc-berlin.de)
Studies have revealed that the Chaga mushroom controls cytokines, a protein that promotes the formation of white blood cells. (pure5extraction.com)

The cells have also tested positive for bovine diarrhea virus, an important bovine viral pathogen. (microscopyu.com)
Normally, the viral life cycle of HPV is tightly linked to differentiation of the infected epithelium, resulting in very low expression of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 in the basal dividing cells. (oncotarget.com)

To study long-term gene expression, many resort to using transformed cell lines, which will grow indefinitely in culture. (the-scientist.com)
Clontech recently developed the Infinity series of telomerase-immortalized cell lines as an alternative to transformed cell lines for mammalian gene expression studies. (the-scientist.com)
Similarly, transformed cells grown on plastic have modified their gene expression to adapt to tissue culture conditions. (corning.com)

Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) associated with NBCCS have occasionally been reported to transform into aggressive neoplasms such as ameloblastomas and squamous cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
Genetic alteration and PD-L1 expression profiles of Chinese patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma. (cdc.gov)
Lip squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant lesion of aggressive behavior, which must be recognized by health professionals to prevent damage to patient's health. (bvsalud.org)
To present incisional biopsy importance as an effective clinical approach for the diagnosis of lip squamous cell carcinoma and actinic cheilitis malignancy as well as the professional's lack of knowledge on these two diseases. (bvsalud.org)
This procedure confirmed the diagnosis of lip squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
The physician and dentist must be aware of the main clinical features of lip squamous cell carcinoma so that they can establish its correct diagnosis and early treatment. (bvsalud.org)
This malign neoplasia's synonyms are squamous cells carcinoma, squamous-cellular carcinoma and spinous cellular carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
Human Papillomavirus and Risk of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Iran. (who.int)
Primary and invasive squamous cell carcinoma are treated with varying combinations of surgery and/or radiation. (medscape.com)
The use of smokeless tobacco is associated with a spectrum of oral cavity lesions, including leukoplakia, speckled leukoplakia, erythroplasia, tobacco-associated keratosis, carcinoma in situ (CIS), verrucous carcinoma , and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) . (medscape.com)

These two human cells strains are used to grow the damaged or weakend virus that provides the medically-needed vaccination effect in the body of the human being who is vaccinated with it, so his body will become immune to the actual virus itself. (asknoah.org)
Therefore, the goal of deploying a patient's own MSCs was "transforming chronic inflammation into productive immune responses," the researchers write. (medscape.com)
Infiltration levels of immune cells were calculated and correlated with YIF1B expression using the Spearman correlation test to evaluate significance. (silverchair.com)
Furthermore, the expression of 5-HTRs in immune cells has identified a role for serotonin in regulation of both innate and adaptive immune functions, such as inflammation and wound healing. (silverchair.com)
Your immune system can tell the difference between healthy and unhealthy cells, and when it receives a "danger" alert, it activates what's called the immune response-a series of actions set forth by the immune system control center to attack infectious invaders and restore homeostasis. (primalblueprint.com)
In fact, 70% of immune system cells make up the wall of the gut, which is why the health of your gut, along with what you eat, has such a strong impact on your immune response. (primalblueprint.com)
According to a recent study published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology , omega-3-an essential fatty acid the body can't produce on its own but needs from your diet-helps to support and strengthen the function of the immune cells. (primalblueprint.com)
The immune system's initial line of defense is made up of white blood cells. (pure5extraction.com)
Recent research has demonstrated that maitake can assist in triggering T cells and natural killer cells in the immune system. (pure5extraction.com)
Reishi contains a triterpene that has been demonstrated in tests to improve immune response by boosting the activity of natural killer cells, which are white blood cells that fight infections. (pure5extraction.com)
Interactions of adipose tissue immune cells. (molcells.org)
However, in obese adipose tissue the number of pro-inflammatory immune cells is increased and that of anti-inflammatory immune cells is decreased. (molcells.org)
T-Lymphocytes play a key role in cell mediated immune response by activating various T-cells and modulating autoimmune response. (biomedcentral.com)

Ten focal colonies were isolated from Type 3 foci and transformed cell lines were derived. (cdc.gov)

Finally, AdZ.F(pk7) adenoviruses with modified fibre structure produced 10- to 40-fold higher reporter gene activity in spleen T cells and lamina propria mononuclear cells of colitic mice compared with standard AdCMVβGal vectors. (bmj.com)

HUB's is based on pioneering work by Professor Hans Clevers, who in 2009 first described methods for growing and expanding human adult stem cell-derived human epithelial organoids. (corning.com)
There also is hope that stem cell therapies may some day alleviate the chronic shortage of donated organs. (mackinac.org)
However, expectations are tempered by the fact that the supply of human eggs from which to create embryos for stem cell retrieval is limited. (mackinac.org)
Some progress in stem cell therapy has been achieved: adult stem cells collected from bone marrow are being used to generate healthy blood cells to replace those destroyed by leukemia, Hodgkin's disease and anemia, for example. (mackinac.org)
[6] But a full complement of stem cell therapies has yet to be realized. (mackinac.org)
Embryonic stem cell research dates back two decades, when stem cells were first isolated in the embryos of mice. (mackinac.org)
This limited supply, coupled with ethical concerns surrounding the destruction of the embryos, has prompted researchers to look for alternative stem cell sources. (mackinac.org)
Approximately 90% of patients with PV show a skewed pattern of X inactivation in all their blood cell lines, indicating support for the concept of a transformed multipotential stem cell. (medscape.com)

Next, the down-regulation of hTERT transcription by Tax in HTLV-1 transformed or in Tax-expressing T lymphocytes is found to correlate with a significant increase of TRF2 and/or Pot1 mRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
Lymphocytes are the white blood cells responsible for producing antibodies. (safarivet.com)
White blood cells apart from some lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow. (safarivet.com)

Studies with such cells can be useful , provided investigators recognize that the patient's original genetics have not been preserved. (corning.com)
Cloning involves replacing the DNA of an unfertilized egg with DNA retrieved from a cell in the patient's body. (mackinac.org)
Infusion of a patient's own bone marrow stem cells as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy for multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively-drug (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) may improve outcome, according to results of a phase 1 clinical trial published online January 9 in the Lancet Respiratory Medicine . (medscape.com)
Cite this: Patient's Own Bone Marrow Cells May Cure Drug-Resistant TB - Medscape - Jan 08, 2014. (medscape.com)

When provided with a suitable growth environment, including appropriate cultureware, growth factors, extracellular matrix, nutrients, and culture media, organ-derived progenitor cells harvested from patients grow and assemble into three-dimensional structures - organoids - which incorporate all cell types normally found in the original tissue, and allow physical and chemical interactions between and among cells. (corning.com)
COS-7 cells fully permit the lytic growth of SV40 and the replication of populations of SV40 mutants with deletions in the early region. (microscopyu.com)
Unlike the original CHO line, CHO-K1 cells require proline in the medium for growth in culture. (microscopyu.com)
The type II transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor gene (TGFBR2) is often mutated in nucleotide repeat sequences in colorectal cancers that are replication error positive (RER+). (ox.ac.uk)
Active transforming growth factor (TGF) β 1 was quantified in paraffin sections by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopical analysis. (lww.com)
However, the subsequent transplant of the specialized cells produced tumors caused by unchecked cell growth. (mackinac.org)
We show that five distinct models cluster topologically into normal and diseased sets, revealing functional differences between normal and diseased cells that involve activation of growth factor receptors and intracellular kinase cascades. (cam.ac.uk)
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an update on transforming growth factor beta signaling in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. (medlineplus.gov)
The foundation for these obvious discrepancies is certainly unclear but could relate with variants in the hereditary profiles and motorists of the many cancers cell lines researched or even to differing downstream mobile effects of the treatment, such as for example inhibition or differentiation of growth versus induction of apoptosis [13. (ebat2018.org)
a cell line, a media to feed the cells, a bioreactor where cell growth can take place, and a structure upon which the cells can attach and grow. (nextnature.net)
A neoplasm is an abnormal growth of cells that are produced when there is more cell division than normal or when cells do not die when they are supposed to. (voicesofmpn.com)
Tumour-treating fields (TTFields) use alternating electric fields which interfere with dividing cells, thereby reducing tumour growth. (nature.com)

[8] But without a full understanding of this process, researchers are limited in their ability to manipulate human stem cells to become the specialized cells that can repair specific tissues or organs. (mackinac.org)
Rather than raise an entire complex organism only to harvest these tissues, why not start at the basic unit of life, the cell, to produce meat? (nextnature.net)
Ironically prolonged overproduction of ROS can damage body's own cells and tissues, and lead to chronic inflammation and other autoimmune diseases [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Also there are tissue engineering products made of polymeric scaffolds which keratinocytes and fibroblast cells are cultured on. (fabad.org.tr)

Expression of the human telomerase catalytic component, hTERT, in normal human somatic cells can reconstitute telomerase activity and extend their replicative lifespan. (nih.gov)
The first Infinity cell line, released last summer, is made from human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that stably express human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and is known. (the-scientist.com)
Cell Line Data Base: structure and recent improvements towards molecular authentication of human cell lines. (hsanmartino.it)
Phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT5 was also observed in the human leukemia cell lines K562 and BV173, which express the Bcr/Abl oncogene, but not in several Bcr/Abl-negative leukemia cell lines. (silverchair.com)
Mapping of human chromosome Xq28 by two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization of DNA sequences to interphase cell nuclei. (semanticscholar.org)
The use of fluorescence in situ hybridization for chromosome classification and detection of chromosome aberrations is described and chromosomes in human-hamster hybrid cell lines were intensely and uniformly stained in metaphase spreads and interphase nuclei when human genomic DNA was used as a probe. (semanticscholar.org)
The most contentious aspect of the issue involves the retrieval of stem cells from human embryos, which are destroyed in the process. (mackinac.org)
In 1998, a research team led by James Thomson at the University of Wisconsin isolated the first human embryonic stem cells. (mackinac.org)
Scientists have succeeded in cloning embryonic stem cells from mice, but a human egg has never been cloned. (mackinac.org)
We apply the method to distinguishing the topologies of immediate early signaling networks in primary human hepatocytes and four hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. (cam.ac.uk)
We define organoids as miniature organs, including human organs, derived from stem cells. (ipscell.com)
We make them from human induced pluripotent stem cells or iPS cells. (ipscell.com)
In human cells, telomere length is maintained by telomerase (hTERT), a human reverse transcriptase that adds TTAGGG repeats onto the 3' ends of telomeres [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our laboratory studies the Myb oncogene family that is mutated in human cancers of blood cells (leukemia), brain, breast, and salivary gland. (stanford.edu)
Regulation of a cell type-specific silencer in the human iInterleukin-3 gene promoter by the transcription factor YY1 and an AP2 sequence-recognizing factor. (cdc.gov)
Let me be very clear: I am not saying that abortions must be performed continuously in order to supply pharmaceutical companies with the human tissue we are discussing - it would seem that many of these cell lines have been growing/reproducing for many decades in laboratory conditions after having been harvested from aborted fetuses a long time ago. (asknoah.org)
To permit comparison of TREC qPCR results with a reliable method for counting TRECs across different laboratories, we sought to construct a stable cell line containing a normal human chromosomal constitution and a single copy of the TREC junction sequence. (cdc.gov)

Rapid action minimizes wrinkles, visible lines and imperfections in 2 to 4 days. (pk24.com)
It combats congestion and helps reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. (kiwla.com)

To study the transforming potential of MWF, BALB/c-3T3 cells were exposed to MWF at varying concentrations for 24 hours. (cdc.gov)
Genomic instability in silica- and cadmium chloride-transformed BALB/c-3T3 and tumor cell lines by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. (cdc.gov)

Pathway maps are useful abstractions of signaling networks but have two key limitations: they are not computable models that can be compared to functional data, and they are not cell-specific, a significant limitation because it is precisely biochemical differences between normal and diseased cells that are targeted for pharmaceutical intervention. (cam.ac.uk)

Two contact-inhibited "revertant" cell lines were isolated from an SV40-transformed mouse 3T3 cell line (SV-3T3) after exposure to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. (silverchair.com)
SV40 virus was rescued from revertant cells by fusion with permissive monkey cells. (silverchair.com)
The cells are also often employed in transfection experiments with simian virus 40 ( SV40 ) and recombinant plasmid vectors. (microscopyu.com)
Integrated into COS-1 cells is a copy of the entire early region of the SV40 genome. (microscopyu.com)
Testing has established that most variants of the initial 3T3 cell line are susceptible to polyoma and simian virus 40 (SV40). (microscopyu.com)

Age-associated chronic inflammation (inflammageing) is a central hallmark of ageing 1 , but its influence on specific cells remains largely unknown. (nature.com)

Two other similarly transformed lines, COS-3 and COS-7, were also initiated from the CV-1 line by Gluzman. (microscopyu.com)
They work to real casino slots similarly, where a player spins the reels in hopes to win the betting line. (canyonexport.com.co)

Because the resulting cells and tissue would carry the exact genetic makeup of the patient, the potential for immunologic rejection would be virtually eliminated. (mackinac.org)
In addition to vertebrate animals and retroviruses, we used Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) as a model system because of the powerful genetic, genomic, and cell biological tools available in this organism. (stanford.edu)
When progeny transform within the lungs and their energy deposits in tissue (and not fluid), the genetic material of cells lining the airways can be damaged. (cdc.gov)

Researchers use pluripotent stem cells to grow brain organoids, which in some cases go by the more technical name "cerebral organoids. (ipscell.com)

Embryonic stem cells" are derived from a "blastocyst," an embryo that is between five days and 10 days old and which consists of 100-150 cells that have developed following fertilization. (mackinac.org)
Embryonic stem cells can generate a variety of specialized cell types throughout the body. (mackinac.org)
In experiments with mice, researchers have created specialized cells from embryonic stem cells. (mackinac.org)
In line with this critical role, ADAR1 exhibits ubiquitous expression and is essential for embryonic development. (bvsalud.org)

Calcium-transporting ATPases (Ca 2+ pumps) are major players in maintaining calcium homeostasis in the cell and have been detected in all cellular organisms. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Exfoliates top layer skin cells & accelerates healthy cellular turnover. (pk24.com)
While natural polymers are preferred due to their biocompatibility, similarity to the extracellular matrix and cellular interactions, synthetic degradable polymers are widely used because of their low immunogenicity and ability to be synthesized in line with determined specifications. (fabad.org.tr)

Boraginaceae) aerial parts against four tumour cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, RKO, and R₂C). (usda.gov)

When cultured under identical HUB protocols adult progenitor cells give rise to organoids with exactly the same cells in the same proportions, physical configuration, and genetics, every time, and with broad expansion capabilities. (corning.com)

In the bone marrow, few cells display mac 3 antigen on the surface, but a large proportion express mac 3 in the cytoplasm. (web.app)
Bone marrow is a spongy tissue inside of the bone, and is the primary place where blood cells are made. (voicesofmpn.com)
These gene mutations are thought to cause abnormal changes in the stem cells within the bone marrow, in turn affecting the number of blood cells produced. (voicesofmpn.com)
Bone strength: the bottom line. (lievers.net)

In this special issue on RNA, seven minireviews illustrate how basic concepts and recent RNA biology findings are transformed into new and exciting RNA therapeutics. (molcells.org)
The cell and molecular biology of fracture healing. (lievers.net)

however, revertant cells readily formed both single and multinucleated giant cells in confluent cultures. (silverchair.com)
Under HUB's commercial development, organoid technology also provides standardization and consistency which is difficult to match, especially with primary cell cultures. (corning.com)
3D cell cultures have been grown from various cells, including transformed cell lines and primary cells. (corning.com)
Moreover, expression analysis experiments on aggregated primary cell cultures are unreliable since the analysis must occur within the limited timeframe before the aggregate loses integrity. (corning.com)
Here we show that fibroblast cultures from old mice secrete inflammatory cytokines and exhibit increased variability in the efficiency of iPS cell reprogramming between mice. (nature.com)

J Cell Biol (1971) 50 (3): 682-690. (silverchair.com)
J Cell Biol 124 , 351 -363. (microbiologyresearch.org)

All cell lines were stimulated with TGF-beta1 and adhesion molecules detected by ELISA. (ox.ac.uk)
When they ran the simulations, they discovered that every trial boiled down to how the variables affected two factors-how fast the cells are able to grow and how much efficiency is lost when two types of cells share resources while transporting molecules between them. (genengnews.com)
Adipocytes could act as antigen presenting cells via expression of key molecules for antigen presentation in obese adipose tissue. (molcells.org)

In this regard, we comprehensively review the current state-of-the-art ethylene gas sensors and detecting technologies, covering from preconcentrator-equipped gas chromatographic systems, Fourier transform infrared technology, photonic crystal fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface acoustic wave and photoacoustic sensors, printable optically colorimetric sensor arrays to a wide range of nanostructured chemiresistive gas sensors (including the potentiometric and amperometric-type FET-, CNT- and metal oxide-based sensors). (mdpi.com)
Techniques I used to include High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), flame photometry, aqueous and non-aqueous titrations, and dissolution test methods. (ncl.ac.uk)
The SNPs were characterized by colour changes, spectroscopy and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy.Results: The juice extract contained bioactive compounds such as flavonoids (710mg/100g), tannins (525mg/100g), phenols (65mg/100g) and terpenes (56mg/100g). (bvsalud.org)

hTERT is normally expressed in stem cells and in germ cells, but is present at much reduced levels in many adult somatic cells. (biomedcentral.com)

A brief yet highly significant analysis of issues associated with the use of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in the production of biologicals. (who.int)

The report considers two main types of issues: first, the acceptability of developing a biological product in a new cell system when the same generic product is already being manufactured by an approved method, and second, the degree of risk associated with certain classes of possible contaminants in the product. (who.int)
Once perceived as an unimportant occurrence in living organisms, cell degeneration was reconfigured as an important biological phenomenon in development, aging, health, and diseases in the twentieth century. (asu.edu)

Finally, ectopic expression of hTERT in one HTLV-1 T cell line induces a marked decrease in the transcription of the POT1 gene. (biomedcentral.com)
In so-called transforming infections deregulated expression of E6 and E7 is found in the dividing cells. (oncotarget.com)
You could also try to switch to pLysE cells instead of pLysS, but if you can already see expression of your construct without IPTG, I somewhat doubt that leakyness of the T7 promoter is the problem. (bio.net)
Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis identified distinct subpopulations of fibroblasts with different cytokine expression and signalling in the wounds of old mice with slow versus fast healing rates. (nature.com)
Clonality studies using a rare polymorphism in the G6PD gene demonstrate predominant expression of a single allele in all blood cell lines. (medscape.com)
We also demonstrate that expression of LBD16-SRDX, a dominant repressor of LBD16/ASL18 and its related LBD/ASLs, does not interfere in the specification of LR founder cells with local activation of the auxin response, but it blocks the polar nuclear migration in LR founder cells before ACD, thereby blocking the subsequent LR initiation. (biologists.com)

Interestingly, rectal administration of AdCMVβGal caused a higher β-galactosidase activity in isolated lamina propria cells from infected mice with experimental colitis than in those from controls. (bmj.com)

CHO-K1 is a cell line that was derived as a subclone from the parental CHO cell line established from the excised tissue of adult Chinese hamster ovary by T. T. Puck in 1957. (microscopyu.com)
In contrast, "adult stem cells" start to emerge three to five days after a blastocyst is formed. (mackinac.org)
However, questions remain about the extent to which adult stem cells are capable of generating specialized cells other than those of the tissue from which they originate. (mackinac.org)

In particular, adenoviruses with modified fibre structure may be useful in T cell directed therapies in intestinal inflammation. (bmj.com)
Aliaksandr Skrahin, MD, from the Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and TB, Minsk, Belarus, and colleagues tested autologous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as an adjunct treatment to temper inflammation associated with MDR-TB in the lungs and accelerate clearance of the pathogenic bacteria. (medscape.com)

Animal and Human Cells in Culture | Nikon's MicroscopyU (microscopyu.com)

Guidelines for Safe Work Practices in Human and Animal Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (cdc.gov)

NIOSH Bibliography of Communication & Research Products 1999 | NIOSH | CDC (cdc.gov)

New Saffold Cardioviruses in 3 Children, Canada - Volume 14, Number 5-May 2008 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov)

A functional calcium-transporting ATPase encoded by chlorella viruses | Microbiology Society (microbiologyresearch.org)

Volume 64, Issue 2 | Microbiology Society (microbiologyresearch.org)

TUBULITIS AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANTATION: DEMONSTRATION OF AN A... : Transplantation (journals.lww.com)

Isolation of Waddlia malaysiensis, A Novel Intracellular Bacterium, from Fruit Bat (Eonycteris spelaea) - Volume 11, Number 2... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)

PDF] Sensitive, high-resolution chromatin and chromosome mapping in situ: Presence and orientation of two closely integrated... (semanticscholar.org)

Stemming the Debate - MichiganScience No. 6 - Mackinac Center (mackinac.org)

IJMS | Free Full-Text | Non-SMC Element 2 (NSMCE2) of the SMC5/6 Complex Helps to Resolve Topological Stress (mdpi.com)

Mick Watson - Research output

- University of Edinburgh Research Explorer — Mick Watson - Research output - University of Edinburgh Research Explorer (research.ed.ac.uk)

Pacific Blue anti-human TNF-alpha Antibody anti-TNF-alpha - MAb11 (biolegend.com)

Using Multiple Cell Lines to Manufacture Biotech Products (genengnews.com)

How brain organoids are transforming research - The Niche (ipscell.com)

Final Report Summary - DARK.RISK (Studies on a cohort of Serbian children exposed to x-irradiation to determine the... (cordis.europa.eu)

Joseph (Joe) Lipsick's Profile | Stanford Profiles (profiles.stanford.edu)

Anatomy34

Organisms12

Diseases36

Chemicals and Drugs75

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment39

Phenomena and Processes64

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL serve an anti-inflammatory function in endothelial cells through inhibition of NF-kappaB. (1/8163)

Human topoisomerase I promotes initiation of simian virus 40 DNA replication in vitro. (2/8163)

Cyclin D-CDK subunit arrangement is dependent on the availability of competing INK4 and p21 class inhibitors. (3/8163)

The Gab1 PH domain is required for localization of Gab1 at sites of cell-cell contact and epithelial morphogenesis downstream from the met receptor tyrosine kinase. (4/8163)

Cell growth inhibition by farnesyltransferase inhibitors is mediated by gain of geranylgeranylated RhoB. (5/8163)

Telomerase activity is sufficient to allow transformed cells to escape from crisis. (6/8163)

Phosphorylation of the cap-binding protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E by protein kinase Mnk1 in vivo. (7/8163)

The significance of tetramerization in promoter recruitment by Stat5. (8/8163)

Cell Line

Cell Line, Tumor

Cell Line, Transformed

Tumor Cells, Cultured

RNA, Messenger

Transfection

Molecular Sequence Data

Base Sequence

Apoptosis

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

Cell Survival

Cell Proliferation

Antineoplastic Agents

Blotting, Western

Cell Division

Mice, Nude

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Gene Expression

Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor

Signal Transduction

Neoplasm Proteins

Promoter Regions, Genetic

Transcription, Genetic

Cells, Cultured

Cell Differentiation

Drug Resistance, Neoplasm

Flow Cytometry

Neoplasm Transplantation

Mutation

Gene Expression Regulation

L Cells (Cell Line)

Amino Acid Sequence

Cricetinae

Drug Resistance

Breast Neoplasms

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Clone Cells

Down-Regulation

Epithelial Cells

Colonic Neoplasms

DNA-Binding Proteins

DNA, Neoplasm

Lung Neoplasms

Phenotype

Antibodies, Monoclonal

DNA

RNA, Small Interfering

Blotting, Northern

Karyotyping

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Neuroblastoma

Phosphorylation

Transcription Factors

Melanoma

Transplantation, Heterologous

Kinetics

Recombinant Proteins

RNA, Neoplasm

Gene Expression Profiling

DNA Primers

Cell Cycle

Cloning, Molecular

Genetic Vectors

Fibroblasts

HeLa Cells

Immunohistochemistry

Cell Transformation, Viral

Proto-Oncogene Proteins

Up-Regulation

Time Factors

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Drug Synergism

Adenocarcinoma

Inhibitory Concentration 50

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Burkitt Lymphoma

B-Lymphocytes

Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Enzyme Inhibitors