Cell line. Medical search

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Eukaryotic cell line obtained in a quiescent or stationary phase which undergoes conversion to a state of unregulated growth in culture, resembling an in vitro tumor. It occurs spontaneously or through interaction with viruses, oncogenes, radiation, or drugs/chemicals.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Methods of investigating the effectiveness of anticancer cytotoxic drugs and biologic inhibitors. These include in vitro cell-kill models and cytostatic dye exclusion tests as well as in vivo measurement of tumor growth parameters in laboratory animals.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Resistance or diminished response of a neoplasm to an antineoplastic agent in humans, animals, or cell or tissue cultures.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A cultured line of C3H mouse FIBROBLASTS that do not adhere to one another and do not express CADHERINS.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

DNA present in neoplastic tissue.

Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)

Transplantation between animals of different species.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

RNA present in neoplastic tissue.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

The concentration of a compound needed to reduce population growth of organisms, including eukaryotic cells, by 50% in vitro. Though often expressed to denote in vitro antibacterial activity, it is also used as a benchmark for cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells in culture.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

In vivo methods of screening investigative anticancer drugs, biologic response modifiers or radiotherapies. Human tumor tissue or cells are transplanted into mice or rats followed by tumor treatment regimens. A variety of outcomes are monitored to assess antitumor effectiveness.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A promyelocytic cell line derived from a patient with ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. HL-60 cells lack specific markers for LYMPHOID CELLS but express surface receptors for FC FRAGMENTS and COMPLEMENT SYSTEM PROTEINS. They also exhibit phagocytic activity and responsiveness to chemotactic stimuli. (From Hay et al., American Type Culture Collection, 7th ed, pp127-8)

Nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the p53 gene (GENES, P53) whose normal function is to control CELL PROLIFERATION and APOPTOSIS. A mutant or absent p53 protein has been found in LEUKEMIA; OSTEOSARCOMA; LUNG CANCER; and COLORECTAL CANCER.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.

Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.

Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting B-cells in humans. It is thought to be the causative agent of INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS and is strongly associated with oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY;), BURKITT LYMPHOMA; and other malignancies.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells such as the GOBLET CELLS.

Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.

Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A cytologic technique for measuring the functional capacity of tumor stem cells by assaying their activity. It is used primarily for the in vitro testing of antineoplastic agents.

Membrane proteins encoded by the BCL-2 GENES and serving as potent inhibitors of cell death by APOPTOSIS. The proteins are found on mitochondrial, microsomal, and NUCLEAR MEMBRANE sites within many cell types. Overexpression of bcl-2 proteins, due to a translocation of the gene, is associated with follicular lymphoma.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

Any cell, other than a ZYGOTE, that contains elements (such as NUCLEI and CYTOPLASM) from two or more different cells, usually produced by artificial CELL FUSION.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)

A family of intracellular CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES that play a role in regulating INFLAMMATION and APOPTOSIS. They specifically cleave peptides at a CYSTEINE amino acid that follows an ASPARTIC ACID residue. Caspases are activated by proteolytic cleavage of a precursor form to yield large and small subunits that form the enzyme. Since the cleavage site within precursors matches the specificity of caspases, sequential activation of precursors by activated caspases can occur.

A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

An ERYTHROLEUKEMIA cell line derived from a CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA patient in BLAST CRISIS.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

A genus of the family Muridae consisting of eleven species. C. migratorius, the grey or Armenian hamster, and C. griseus, the Chinese hamster, are the two species used in biomedical research.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

A 170-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein from the superfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. It serves as an ATP-dependent efflux pump for a variety of chemicals, including many ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Overexpression of this glycoprotein is associated with multidrug resistance (see DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE).

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

Genes whose gain-of-function alterations lead to NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. They include, for example, genes for activators or stimulators of CELL PROLIFERATION such as growth factors, growth factor receptors, protein kinases, signal transducers, nuclear phosphoproteins, and transcription factors. A prefix of "v-" before oncogene symbols indicates oncogenes captured and transmitted by RETROVIRUSES; the prefix "c-" before the gene symbol of an oncogene indicates it is the cellular homolog (PROTO-ONCOGENES) of a v-oncogene.

Family of RNA viruses that infects birds and mammals and encodes the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The family contains seven genera: DELTARETROVIRUS; LENTIVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE B, MAMMALIAN; ALPHARETROVIRUS; GAMMARETROVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE D; and SPUMAVIRUS. A key feature of retrovirus biology is the synthesis of a DNA copy of the genome which is integrated into cellular DNA. After integration it is sometimes not expressed but maintained in a latent state (PROVIRUSES).

The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells, such as ENTEROCYTES. These cells are valuable in vitro tools for studies related to intestinal cell function and differentiation.

Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.

Processes required for CELL ENLARGEMENT and CELL PROLIFERATION.

An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)

A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Proteins that are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. Deficiencies or abnormalities in these proteins may lead to unregulated cell growth and tumor development.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

The artificial induction of GENE SILENCING by the use of RNA INTERFERENCE to reduce the expression of a specific gene. It includes the use of DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, such as SMALL INTERFERING RNA and RNA containing HAIRPIN LOOP SEQUENCE, and ANTI-SENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES.

Simultaneous resistance to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS. It is activated by INITIATOR CASPASES such as CASPASE 9. Isoforms of this protein exist due to multiple alternative splicing of its MESSENGER RNA.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

A cell surface receptor involved in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. It is specific for EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR and EGF-related peptides including TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; AMPHIREGULIN; and HEPARIN-BINDING EGF-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR. The binding of ligand to the receptor causes activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and rapid internalization of the receptor-ligand complex into the cell.

Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.

Protein kinases that catalyze the PHOSPHORYLATION of TYROSINE residues in proteins with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.

A CELL LINE derived from human T-CELL LEUKEMIA and used to determine the mechanism of differential susceptibility to anti-cancer drugs and radiation.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

Genes that inhibit expression of the tumorigenic phenotype. They are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. When tumor suppressor genes are inactivated or lost, a barrier to normal proliferation is removed and unregulated growth is possible.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Agents that inhibit PROTEIN KINASES.

Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.

A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Three isoforms have been described in mammalian cells.

Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

Human COLORECTAL CARCINOMA cell line.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (MASTADENOVIRUS) and birds (AVIADENOVIRUS) or both (ATADENOVIRUS). Infections may be asymptomatic or result in a variety of diseases.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both H-ras and K-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. The closely related N-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. All genes of the family have a similar exon-intron structure and each encodes a p21 protein.

Chemical substances, produced by microorganisms, inhibiting or preventing the proliferation of neoplasms.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).

Quaternary salts derived from tetrazoles. They are used in tests to distinguish between reducing sugars and simple aldehydes, for detection of dehydrogenase in tissues, cells, and bacteria, for determination of corticosteroids, and in color photography. (From Mall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed, p455)

A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.

A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.

Tumor suppressor genes located on the short arm of human chromosome 17 and coding for the phosphoprotein p53.

A human cell line established from a diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (HISTIOCYTIC LYMPHOMA, DIFFUSE) and displaying many monocytic characteristics. It serves as an in vitro model for MONOCYTE and MACROPHAGE differentiation.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (myc) originally isolated from an avian myelocytomatosis virus. The proto-oncogene myc (c-myc) codes for a nuclear protein which is involved in nucleic acid metabolism and in mediating the cellular response to growth factors. Truncation of the first exon, which appears to regulate c-myc expression, is crucial for tumorigenicity. The human c-myc gene is located at 8q24 on the long arm of chromosome 8.

The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.

Classification of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. (1/147095)

Eleven human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines established in this laboratory were classified into three groups based on morphological features (light and electron microscopy), modal chromosome number, and ability to synthesize carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Group 1 cell lines contained both dedifferentiated and differentiating cells growing in tight clusters or islands of epithelium-like cells; their modal chromosome number was about 47, and they synthesized small to moderate amounts of CEA. Group 2 cell lines were more dedifferentiated, were hyperdiploid, and synthesized small amounts of CEA. Group 3 cell lines were morphologically similar to those of Group 1 by light microscopy. They differed ultrastructurally by containing microvesicular bodies; the modal chromosome number varied from hyperdiploid to hypertriploid or they had bimodal populations of hypodiploid and hypertriploid cells, and they synthesized relatively large amounts of CEA. No correlation could be found between Broder's grade or Duke's classification of the original tumor and modal chromosome number or ability to synthesize CEA. These findings support Nowell's hypothesis that the stem line is different for each solid tumor, which makes it difficult to relate chromosomal changes to the initiation of the neoplastic state. (+info)

The effects of estrogens and antiestrogens on hormone-responsive human breast cancer in long-term tissue culture. (2/147095)

We have established or characterized six lines of human breast cancer maintained in long-term tissue culture for at least 1 year and have examined these lines for estrogen responsiveness. One of these cell lines, MCF-7, shows marked stimulation of macromolecular synthesis and cell division with physiological concentrations of estradiol. Antiestrogens are strongly inhibitory, and at concentrations greater than 3 X 10(-7) M they kill cells. Antiestrogen effects are prevented by simultaneous treatment with estradiol or reversed by addition of estradiol to cells incubated in antiestrogen. Responsive cell lines contain high-affinity specific estradiol receptors. Antiestrogens compete with estradiol for these receptors but have a lower apparent affinity for the receptor than estrogens. Stimulation of cells by estrogens is biphasic, with inhibition and cell death at concentrations of 17beta-estradiol or diethylstilbestrol exceeding 10(-7) M. Killing by high concentrations of estrogen is probably a nonspecific effect in that we observe this response with 17alpha-estradiol at equivalent concentrations and in the otherwise unresponsive cells that contain no estrogen receptor sites. (+info)

The effects of glucocorticoids and progesterone on hormone-responsive human breast cancer in long-term tissue culture. (3/147095)

Glucocorticoids, at physiological concentration, inhibit cell division and thymidine incorporation in three lines of human breast cancer maintained in long-term tissue culture. At steroid concentrations sufficient to inhibit thymidine incorporation 50%, little or no effect is seen on protein synthesis 48 hr after hormone addition. All three of these lines are shown to have glucocorticoid receptors demonstrable by competitive protein binding assays. Receptors are extensively characterized in one line by sucrose density gradient analysis and binding specificity studies. Good correlation between receptor-binding specificity and biological activity is found except for progesterone, which binds to glucocorticoid receptor but is noninhibitory. Cross-competition and quantification studies demonstrate a separate receptor for progesterone. This receptor has limited binding specificities restricted largely to progestational agents, whereas the glucocorticoid receptor bound both glucocorticoids and progesterone. Two other human breast cancer lines neither contain glucocorticoid receptor nor are inhibited by glucocorticoids. It is concluded that in some cases glucocorticoids can directly limit growth in human breast cancer in vitro without requiring alterations in other trophic hormones. (+info)

The effects of androgens and antiandrogens on hormone-responsive human breast cancer in long-term tissue culture. (4/147095)

We have examined five human breast cancer cell lines in continuous tissue culture for androgen responsiveness. One of these cell lines shows a 2- to 4-fold stimulation of thymidine incorporation into DNA, apparent as early as 10 hr following androgen addition to cells incubated in serum-free medium. This stimulation is accompanied by an acceleration in cell replication. Antiandrogens [cyproterone acetate (6-chloro-17alpha-acetate-1,2alpha-methylene-4,6-pregnadiene-3,20-dione) and R2956 (17beta-hydroxy-2,2,17alpha-trimethoxyestra-4,9,11-triene-1-one)] inhibit both protein and DNA synthesis below control levels and block androgen-mediated stimulation. Prolonged incubation (greater than 72 hr) in antiandrogen is lethal. The MCF- cell line contains high-affinity receptors for androgenic steroids demonstrable by sucrose density gradients and competitive protein binding analysis. By cross-competition studies, androgen receptors are distinguishable from estrogen receptors also found in this cell line. Concentrations of steroid that saturate androgen receptor sites in vitro are about 1000 times lower than concentrations that maximally stimulate the cells. Changes in quantity and affinity of androgen binding to intact cells at 37 degrees as compared with usual binding techniques using cytosol preparation at 0 degrees do not explain this difference between dissociation of binding and effect. However, this difference can be explained by conversion of [3H]-5alpha-dihydrotestosterone to 5alpha-androstanediol and more polar metabolites at 37 degrees. An examination of incubation media, cytoplasmic extracts and crude nuclear pellets reveals probable conversion of [3H]testosterone to [3H]-5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Our data provide compelling evidence that some human breast cancer, at least in vitro, may be androgen dependent. (+info)

Association of snRNA genes with coiled bodies is mediated by nascent snRNA transcripts. (5/147095)

BACKGROUND: Coiled bodies are nuclear organelles that are highly enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and certain basal transcription factors. Surprisingly, coiled bodies not only contain mature U snRNPs but also associate with specific chromosomal loci, including gene clusters that encode U snRNAs and histone messenger RNAs. The mechanism(s) by which coiled bodies associate with these genes is completely unknown. RESULTS: Using stable cell lines, we show that artificial tandem arrays of human U1 and U2 snRNA genes colocalize with coiled bodies and that the frequency of the colocalization depends directly on the transcriptional activity of the array. Association of the genes with coiled bodies was abolished when the artificial U2 arrays contained promoter mutations that prevent transcription or when RNA polymerase II transcription was globally inhibited by alpha-amanitin. Remarkably, the association was also abolished when the U2 snRNA coding regions were replaced by heterologous sequences. CONCLUSIONS: The requirement for the U2 snRNA coding region indicates that association of snRNA genes with coiled bodies is mediated by the nascent U2 RNA itself, not by DNA or DNA-bound proteins. Our data provide the first evidence that association of genes with a nuclear organelle can be directed by an RNA and suggest an autogenous feedback regulation model. (+info)

High-throughput screening of small molecules in miniaturized mammalian cell-based assays involving post-translational modifications. (6/147095)

BACKGROUND: Fully adapting a forward genetic approach to mammalian systems requires efficient methods to alter systematically gene products without prior knowledge of gene sequences, while allowing for the subsequent characterization of these alterations. Ideally, these methods would also allow function to be altered in a temporally controlled manner. RESULTS: We report the development of a miniaturized cell-based assay format that enables a genetic-like approach to understanding cellular pathways in mammalian systems using small molecules, rather than mutations, as the source of gene-product alterations. This whole-cell immunodetection assay can sensitively detect changes in specific cellular macromolecules in high-density arrays of mammalian cells. Furthermore, it is compatible with screening large numbers of small molecules in nanoliter to microliter culture volumes. We refer to this assay format as a 'cytoblot', and demonstrate the use of cytoblotting to monitor biosynthetic processes such as DNA synthesis, and post-translational processes such as acetylation and phosphorylation. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of these assays to natural-product screening through the identification of marine sponge extracts exhibiting genotype-specific inhibition of 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and suppression of the anti-proliferative effect of rapamycin. CONCLUSIONS: We show that cytoblots can be used for high-throughput screening of small molecules in cell-based assays. Together with small-molecule libraries, the cytoblot assay can be used to perform chemical genetic screens analogous to those used in classical genetics and thus should be applicable to understanding a wide variety of cellular processes, especially those involving post-transitional modifications. (+info)

Unsaturated fatty acid requirements for growth and survival of a rat mammary tumor cell line. (7/147095)

A cell line, the growth and survival of which is markedly affected by linoleic acid, has been established from a carcinogen-induced rat mammary tumor. The cells have been continuously passaged in 5% rat serum plus 10% fetal calf serum-supplemented medium. The rat serum component was found to be indispensalbe, for when it was omitted the growth rate rapidly declined and the cells died by 5 to 7 days. Removal of the rat serum from the growth medium also resulted in a dramatic loss of Oil Red O-positive droplets in the cells, suggesting that the lipid component of rat serum might be a major growth-promoting principle in rat serum. This is likely since the total lipid fraction, but not the delipidized protein fraction, could largely supplant requirement of the cells for rat serum. Pure linoleic acid was found to be effective in maintaining the cell growth in delipidized serum or in whole fetal calf serum-supplemented medium. Fatty acid analysis revealed a 19-fold higher amount of linoleic acid in rat serum than in fetal calf serum. (+info)

Vasopressin stimulation of acetate incorporation into lipids in a dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumor cell line. (8/147095)

In a preliminary report we described the effects of rat prolactin on the incorporation of [14C]acetate into lipids by a cell line from a dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumor. The characteristics of the response to prolactin were very similar to those described for the normal rat mammary gland; namely, insulin was required for full expression of the response, maximal activity was not seen until 36 hr after the addition of the hormones, and growth hormone was able to elicit the same response. However, we were unable to detect binding of 125I-labeled prolactin to these cells, and furthermore, other more purified prolactin preparations were inactive. Upon further investigation we discovered that the activity resided in a low-molecular-weight fraction of the rat prolactin B-1 preparation and was probably either vasopressin or oxytocin or both. These data suggest the possibility that vasopressin may play a role in rodent mammary tumorigenesis. (+info)

"Colorectal Cancer Atlas , C1orf94 Gene summary::Mutations:: Proteomics :: Domains :: Protein Interactions :: PTMs :: Cell lines ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C1orf94

The initial polyclonal populations of tumor cells obtained from the patients' tumor were cultured and the resultant cell line ... Rainey WE, Saner K, Schimmer BP (2004). "Adrenocortical cell lines". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 228 (1-2): 23-38. doi:10.1016/j.mce ... Wang T, Rainey WE (2012). "Human Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cell Lines". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 351 (1): 58-65. doi:10.1016/j.mce ... H295R (also referred to as NCI-H295R) is an angiotensin-II-responsive steroid-producing adrenocortical cell line. It was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H295R

ISBN 978-0-13-041696-4. Palsson, Bernhard; Masters, John C. (1999). Cancer cell lines. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN ... His research interests include metabolic network modelling, systems biology, tissue engineering and cell culture, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Palsson

"C2C12 Cell Line". Retrieved 12 July 2018. "Working with the C2C12 cell line". Research in Myogenesis. 2012-02-04. Retrieved ... C2C12 is an immortalized mouse myoblast cell line. The C2C12 cell line is a subclone of myoblasts that were originally obtained ... C2C12 cells demonstrate rapid development and maturation into functional skeletal muscle cells or cardiac muscle cells, having ... For example, assisted by the cell line's high differentiation rate and fusion rate, fibronectin templates can be micro-plated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C2C12

Primary cell lines establishment. Projects: Analysis of K2(B3O3F4OH) bioactive and medical potential; (ongoing project). ... The most frequently used tests in research projects of this lab are based on cell culture and include: chromosome aberrations ... and cytostatic potential of various chemical agents includes application of colorimetric method in different cell lines. ... Participation in international collaborative project: HUMNXL - Exfoliated cells micronucleus project; (2009-2011); Analysis of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Genetic_Engineering_and_Biotechnology_Sarajevo

August 1999). "Induced differentiation in HT29, a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line". Journal of Cell Science. 112: 2657- ... 2015). "HT29 Cell Line". The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health. Springer. pp. 113-124. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16104-4_11. ISBN ... HT-29 is a human colon cancer cell line used extensively in biological and cancer research. Initially derived in 1964 by Jorgen ... Though HT-29 cells can proliferate in cell culture lacking growth factors with a doubling time of around 4 days, the doubling ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HT-29

The 3T3 cell line was developed in 1962 and is derived from mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Fungi like Cunninghamella elegans ... Cell culture can be an alternative to animal use in some cases. For example, cultured cells have been developed to create ... Tumoroids-3D cell cultures derived from cells biopsied from human patients-can be used in studying the genomics and drug ... "NIH3T3 General Information". NIH 3T3 Cell Line. Retrieved 12 March 2021. Kristian Björnstad; Anders Helander; Peter Hultén; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternatives_to_animal_testing

... is a cell line derived from (mouse) 3T3 cells that is used in biological research on adipose tissue. 3T3-L1 cells have a ... "3T3-L1 Cell Line". Retrieved 22 July 2018. Green H, Kehinde O (1975). "An established preadipose cell line and its ... 3T3-L1 cells of the adipocyte morphology increase the synthesis and accumulation of triglycerides and acquire the signet ring ... These cells are also sensitive to lipogenic and lipolytic hormones, as well as drugs, including epinephrine, isoproterenol, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3T3-L1

"Breast Cell Line MCF-7". Cancer Biology - Breast Cancer Cell Line Database. University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. ... resulting cells when compared to both the original T24P cell line and a H19-antisense DNA construct transfected T24P cell line ... a human lung carcinoma cell line that displays multidrug resistance, also overexpress p95 (NCA-90) and H19. No other cell lines ... between the 3 cell lines, when grown in 0.1% FCS (starved serum), the H19-transfected cells maintained their rate of growth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H19_(gene)

... is a database of cell lines using some common tools to reduce cell lines misidentification. Cell line Shiau, Cheng- ... integrated genomic resources of human cell lines for identification". Nucleic Acids Res. England. 39 (Database issue): D520-4. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGRhCellID

"Researchers customize stem-cell lines". The Today Show. NBC News. Retrieved 2016-11-04. Dembosky, April (2015-05-21). "Coded ... stem cell research, end of life care, patient communication, and research ethics. He is a co-founder and current editor-in- ... Council Ad Hoc Committee on the Bioconfinement of Genetically Engineered Organisms and on the California Human Stem Cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Magnus

2014-08-13). "CLO: The cell line ontology". Journal of Biomedical Semantics. 5 (1): 37. doi:10.1186/2041-1480-5-37. PMC 4387853 ... July 2016). "The Cell Ontology 2016: enhanced content, modularization, and ontology interoperability". Journal of Biomedical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OBO_Foundry_ontologies

The widely used angiotensin-II-responsive steroid-producing cell line H295R was originally isolated from a tumor diagnosed as ... Wang T, Rainey WE (March 2012). "Human adrenocortical carcinoma cell lines". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 351 (1): 58- ... On microscopic examination, the tumor usually displays sheets of atypical cells with some resemblance to the cells of the ... "Establishment and characterization of a human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line that expresses multiple pathways of steroid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocortical_carcinoma

"IIM Rohtak inaugurates entrepreneurship cell". Business Line. 6 July 2014. Archived from the original on 20 March 2018. ... The Entrepreneurship Cell of the Institute was set up in July 2014 by the students of IIM Rohtak. The cell has signed an MoA ... Public Relations Cell is responsible for promotion and brand building. In 2016, it was awarded at the Social Media for ... The Social Development Project Cell (SDPC), is responsible for taking social initiatives through its two arms; Every Child in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Rohtak

Forewing brownish fuscous, the veins pale; edges of the upper stigmata whitish; the cell blackish; lines pale with dark edges; ... The forewings are broader than those of most other noctuids, and blackish with a network of fine white lines. The pattern is ... spiracular line pale, pinkish ochreous, broadly black edged above; ventral surface yellowish. It is gregarious when young. It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_(moth)

... the cell line was contaminated and displaced by HeLa cells, and has now been identified as actually HeLa cells. They are ... T-cells and B-cells) and antigen presenting cells. These cells coordinate an immune response upon the detection of foreign ... Lacroix M (January 2008). "Persistent use of "false" cell lines". Int. J. Cancer. 122 (1): 1-4. doi:10.1002/ijc.23233. PMID ... Hargraves M, Richmond H, Morton R. Presentation of two bone marrow components, the tart cell and the LE cell. Mayo Clin Proc ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-nuclear_antibody

In a collaboration between ViaGen, San Diego Zoo Global (SDZG), and Revive and Restore, Kurt was cloned from a cell line of a ... 24 January 2018). "Cloning of Macaque Monkeys by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer". Cell. 172 (4): 881-887.e7. doi:10.1016/j.cell. ... "Calf Cloned From Bovine Cell Line". Science. 277 (5328): 903b-903. 15 August 1997. doi:10.1126/science.277.5328.903b. S2CID ... In 1986, the first mouse was cloned in the Soviet Union from an embryo cell. The first mouse from adult cells, Cumulina, was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animals_that_have_been_cloned

... cell lines" Free access to "Significance, detection and markers of disseminated breast cancer cells" Free access to " ... Lacroix, M; Leclercq G. (2004). "Relevance of breast cancer cell lines as models for breast tumours: an update". Breast Cancer ... Siwek, B; Larsimont D; Lacroix M; Body JJ (1998). "Establishment and characterization of three new breast-cancer cell lines". ... Lacroix., M (2008). "Persistent use of "false" cell lines". International Journal of Cancer. 122 (1): 1-4. doi:10.1002/ijc. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Lacroix_(biochemist)

The cells are known to be highly aggressive in live tissues. 4T1 cell line was originally isolated by Fred Miller and ... 4T1 is a breast cancer cell line derived from the mammary gland tissue of a mouse BALB/c strain. 4T1 cells are epithelial and ... The base medium for this cell line is RPMI-1640 Medium with a fetal bovine serum in a final concentration of 10%. 4T1 cells ... "Identification of a highly immunogenic mouse breast cancer sub cell line, 4T1-S". Human Cell. 29 (2): 58-66. doi:10.1007/s13577 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4T1

"Chromatin signatures of pluripotent cell lines". Nature Cell Biology. 8 (5): 532-8. doi:10.1038/ncb1403. PMID 16570078. S2CID ... cell pluripotency versus differentiation towards mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm, as well as the mechanisms of T cell and B ... particularly in white blood cells known as lymphocytes and embryonic stem cells. As of 2016[update] her research focuses on how ... is required for efficient cell to cell transmission of HIV virus.[citation needed] With clinical collaborators from the Walter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda_Fisher

Lacroix M (January 2008). "Persistent use of "false" cell lines". Int. J. Cancer. 122 (1): 1-4. doi:10.1002/ijc.23233. PMID ... The T helper cells then activate B cells, which are also in the presence of these antigens, causing the production of ... Hep-2 cells, originally of laryngeal carcinoma origin, are actually a contamination of HeLa cells. They are routinely used in ... Blebs on apoptotic cells contain nearly all the autoantigens found in SLE, and phagocytes bind these apoptotic cells and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-dsDNA_antibodies

4T1 cells line. The micrograph of mouse breast tumor cells on cultural plastic, BSE image, ZEISS EVO LS10. Ardenne M und ... "Liquid-phase electron microscopy of molecular drug response in breast cancer cells reveals irresponsive cell subpopulations ... Those cells, by their nature, had only limited application use and no further development was done. In 1974, an improved ... The influence of drugs on cancer cells has been studied with liquid-phase ESEM-STEM. In conservation science, it is often ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_scanning_electron_microscope

Herz F, Schermer A, Halwer M, Bogart LH (September 1981). "Alkaline phosphatase in HT-29, a human colon cancer cell line: ... In a different study in which scientists examined alkaline phosphatase protein presence in a human colon cancer cell line, also ... Results from this study further indicate that activities of this enzyme vary among the different choriocarcinoma cell lines and ... Benham FJ, Harris H (August 1979). "Human cell lines expressing intestinal alkaline phosphatase". Proceedings of the National ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_phosphatase

These cells developed into a commonly used cell line NIH 3T3. MEFs treated by mitomycin or gamma rays (such treatment makes MEF ... "Quantitative studies of the growth of mouse embryo cells in culture and their development into established lines". J. Cell Biol ... The MEF is a limited cell line. After several transmission, MEFs will senesce and finally die off. Nevertheless, researchers ... Finally digest the remains by enzymes to obtain single isolated cells and culture the cells in a tissue culture dishes. MEF ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_embryonic_fibroblast

For repair, sheet iron lined cell walls. During the 1920s and 30s, the biggest problem in the county were illegal distilleries ... The sheriff's office and two small cells occupied the first floor. And four cells were on the second. The sheriff was allocated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport_News_Sheriff's_Office

However, CERK expression varies per cell line. In contrast to SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, HL60 leukemia cells demonstrated no ... "ATRA inhibits ceramide kinase transcription in a human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y cells: the role of COUP-TFI". J. ... This suggests that differential expression of RARα, RXRα, and COUP-PTI may determine transcription levels in various cell lines ... CERK activity has primarily been observed within human neutrophils, cerebrum granule cells, and epithelium-derived lung cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramide_kinase

Samples comprise tissue biopsies and cell lines. The plant version contains both, widely used model species such as arabidopsis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevestigator

The multipotent stem cells in the bone marrow reconstitute all three blood cell lines, giving the patient a new immune system, ... Aplastic anaemia causes a deficiency of all blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It is more ... "First-line allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of HLA-matched sibling donors compared with first-line ... cytotoxic T-cells (polyclonal expansion of dysregulated CD4+ T-cells) trigger apoptosis in the bone marrow cells activated T- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplastic_anemia

2011). "Peptidomic analysis of human cell lines". J Proteome Res. 10 (4): 1583-1592. doi:10.1021/pr100952f. PMC 3070057. PMID ... The involvement of peptides in cell-cell interactions and in neuropsychiatric, autoimmune, and neurovegetative diseases are ... a Multifaceted Environment Actor in Stem Cells, Physiological Mechanisms and Cancer. Stem Cells Jan 7; see www.StemCells.com ... Although the regulation of protein degradation is as important as their synthesis to keep each cell protein concentration at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligopeptidase

Gusts can reach up to 28 m/s (100 km/h). A squall line is an organized line of thunderstorms. It is classified as a multi-cell ... They are also called multi-cell lines. Squalls are sometimes associated with hurricanes or other cyclones, but they can also ... What is a Squall Line? Retrieved on 2006-11-19. Wilfried Jacobs. EUMeTrain: Case Study on Squall Line. Archived 2006-10-19 at ... the squall line or gust front associated with them may outrun the squall line itself and the synoptic scale area of low ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squall

... often drawn by convention as a solid line), or down, termed alpha (α; displayed as a dashed line). All bile acids have a 3- ... Cell signallingEdit. Bile acids have metabolic actions in the body resembling those of hormones, acting through two specific ... Bile acid synthesis occurs in liver cells, which synthesize primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in humans ... Exposure of colonic cells to high DCA concentrations increase formation of reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative stress, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acids

... a type 2 diabetic will have lost about half of their beta cells.[52] Fatty acids in the beta cells activate FOXO1, resulting in ... Metformin is generally recommended as a first line treatment as there is some evidence that it decreases mortality;[7][25][104] ... Type 2 diabetes is due to insufficient insulin production from beta cells in the setting of insulin resistance.[13] Insulin ... In the early stages of insulin resistance, the mass of beta cells expands, increasing the output of insulin to compensate for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes_mellitus

Santeuil and Le Blanc viruses primarily infect intestinal cells in Caenorhabditis nematodes, in: Virology, Volume 448, 5. ... Genus Aureusvirus, mit Species Maize white line mosaic virus. *Genus Betanecrovirus. *Genus Gallantivirus ...

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus-Taxonomie

Hamming codes are only suitable for more reliable single-level cell (SLC) NAND. Denser multi-level cell (MLC) NAND requires ... ITU-T Standard for networking over power lines, phone lines and coaxial cable). Other LDPC codes are standardized for wireless ... "Error Correction Code in Single Level Cell NAND Flash memories" 16 February 2007 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_correction_code

A tumor cell line with defective δ-catenin, low levels of E-cadherin and poor cell-to-cell adhesion could be restored to normal ... F9 embryonal carcinoma cells are similar to the P19 cells shown in Figure 1 and normally have cell-to-cell adhesion mediated by ... providing the cell with a means of stable cell adhesion. However, decreases in this adhesion ability of the cell has been ... "Knockdown of Sec6 improves cell-cell adhesion by increasing α-E-catenin in oral cancer cells". FEBS Lett. 586 (6): 924-33. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin

Cells at Work! Code Black (2018). *Gurazeni: Pa League-hen (2018). *Cells at Work! Baby (2019) ... Devils' Line (2013-2018). *Moyasimon: Tales of Agriculture (2013-2014). *Sono 'Okodawari', Ore ni mo Kure yo! (2014-2015) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi's_Sweet_Home

Hell in a Cell (2009-) · Money in the Bank (2010-) · SummerSlam (1988-) · Extreme Rules (2009-) · Crown Jewel (2018-2019; 2021 ... End of the Line (2016) · Battleground (2013-2017) · Great Balls of Fire (2017) · No Mercy (1999-2008; 2016-2017) · Greatest ...

https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year's_Revolution

The] clave pattern has two opposing rhythm cells: the first cell consists of three strokes, or the rhythm cell, which is called ... In the measure immediately following tresillo the song returns to 2-3 and the I chord (fifth line).[64] ... The second cell has two strokes and is called the two-side of the weak part of the clave. . . The different accent types in the ... Clave is the basic period, composed of two rhythmically opposed cells, one antecedent and the other consequent.[d][e] Clave was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)

L. Miers u. a.: Implantation of different malignant human cell lines in an athymic mouse does not alter success and growth ... D. Kong u. a.: Establishment and characterization of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line in tissue culture and the nude ... B. C. Giovanella u. a.: Development of invasive tumors in the nude mouse after injection of cultured human melanoma cells. In: ... T. Devos u. a.: Occurrence of autoimmunity after xenothymus transplantation in T-cell-deficient mice depends on the thymus ...

https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacktmaus

If lutetium and lawrencium are included instead, the table ends with the following lines: Electron configurations of the group ... The element is known to damage cell membranes of water animals, causing several negative influences on reproduction and on the ... The high radioactivity of lawrencium would make it highly toxic to living cells, causing radiation poisoning. The same is true ... If lutetium and lawrencium are included instead, the table ends with the following lines (the data for lawrencium is ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_3_element

... it is possible to localize their source along a straight line of coincidence (also called the line of response, or LOR). In ... This tracer is a glucose analog that is taken up by glucose-using cells and phosphorylated by hexokinase (whose mitochondrial ... This means that FDG is trapped in any cell that takes it up until it decays, since phosphorylated sugars, due to their ionic ... Each coincidence event represents a line in space connecting the two detectors along which the positron emission occurred (i.e ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PET_scan

The TH2 lymphocytes interact with B cells and together they produce IgE. IgE circulates around and binds to receptors of cells ... in line with the gateway drug theory - and also between sugar consumption and the self-administration of drugs of abuse.[20] ... the Antigen-Presenting Cell causes a response in a TH2 lymphocyte which produce the cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4). ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitization

... epidermal hair cells (trichomes), cells in the stomatal complex; guard cells and subsidiary cells. The epidermal cells are the ... Vein forming raised line or ridge which lies below the plane of the surface which bears it, as if pressed into it, and are ... Cells that bring water and minerals from the roots into the leaf.. Phloem. Cells that usually move sap, with dissolved sucrose( ... Its cells contain many more chloroplasts than the spongy layer. Cylindrical cells, with the chloroplasts close to the walls of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauline

... cells lining the inside of blood vessels), liver cells, and several types of immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes, and ... dendritic cells and other cells including liver cells, fibroblasts, and adrenal gland cells.[93] Viral replication triggers ... doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.006. PMC 4243531. PMID 25417101.. *^ a b c d e f g h Kühl A, Pöhlmann S (September 2012). "How Ebola ... When a cell is infected with EBOV, receptors located in the cell's cytosol (such as RIG-I and MDA5) or outside of the cytosol ( ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

... excess secretion from the acidophil cells) caused acromegaly, then an excess of basophil cells must be involved in another ... The first-line treatment of Cushing's disease is surgical resection of ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma; this surgery involves ... Given this conviction, and his knowledge of the three anterior pituitary cell types, Cushing hypothesized that if acidophil ... In a patient with Cushing's disease, the tumor cells will be stimulated to release corticotropin and elevated plasma ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cushing's_disease

... hepatitis C virus envelope protein E1 occurs posttranslationally in a mannosylphosphoryldolichol-deficient CHO mutant cell line ... "Cell. 136 (2): 272-83. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.11.047. PMC 2859625. PMID 19167329.. ... "J. Cell Biol. 161 (4): 715-25. doi:10.1083/jcb.200301043. PMC 2199356. PMID 12756234.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligosaccharyltransferase

Cell Press. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101234. Retrieved July 7, 2020.. Cite journal requires ,journal=. (help). ... The second line of defence is to shed their tail, which can grow again. The tail wriggles a bit, attracts the predator while ... Many-lined Salamander · Many-ribbed Salamander · Mount Lyell Salamander · Mud salamander · Northern Gray-cheeked Salamander · ... Southern Two-lined Salamander · Southern Zigzag Salamander · Spotted Salamander · Spotted-tail Salamander · Tiger Salamander · ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia

Under the law as written, all U.S. citizens and qualified non-citizens with income up to 133% of the poverty line, including ... T-cell count drops below 200).[76] The Medicaid eligibility policy contrasts with the Journal of the American Medical ... sickle cell anemia; sepsis; congestive heart failure; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; and complications of devices, ... the line-item veto, and physician interest group size," and which supported the generalized hypothesis that Democrats favor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicaid

Because the cell acquiring a chloroplast already had mitochondria (and peroxisomes, and a cell membrane for secretion), the new ... Toc75 is a β-barrel channel lined by 16 β-pleated sheets.[38] The hole it forms is about 2.5 nanometers wide at the ends, and ... and therefore topologically outside of the cell, because to reach the chloroplast from the cytosol, you have to cross the cell ... "The Plant Cell. 12 (1): 53-64. doi:10.1105/tpc.12.1.53. PMC 140214. PMID 10634907.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast_DNA

Low operating voltages compatible with batteries of only a few cells.. *Circuits with greater energy efficiency are usually ... E-line, MRT, HRT, SC-43, SC-72, TO-3, TO-18, TO-39, TO-92, TO-126, TO220, TO247, TO251, TO262, ZTX851. ... Solaristor (from solar cell transistor), a two-terminal gate-less self-powered phototransistor. ... available as an option starting in fall 1955 for its new line of 1956 Chrysler and Imperial cars which first hit the dealership ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_transistor

The retinoids appear to influence the cell life cycle in the follicle lining. This helps prevent the accumulation of skin cells ... and Th1 cells.[45] IL-1α stimulates increased skin cell activity and reproduction, which, in turn, fuels comedo development.[45 ... and accumulation of skin cells in the hair follicle.[1] In healthy skin, the skin cells that have died come up to the surface ... the increased production of oily sebum causes the dead skin cells to stick together.[10] The accumulation of dead skin cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris

Apart from true hyphae, Candida can also form pseudohyphae - elongated filamentous cells, lined end to end. As a general rule, ... Polymorphonuclear cells also infiltrate the epithelium, and chronic inflammatory cells infiltrate the lamina propria. Atrophic ... Smears and biopsies are usually stained with periodic acid-Schiff, which stains carbohydrates in fungal cell walls in magenta. ... For example, iron deficiency anemia is thought to cause depressed cell-mediated immunity. Some sources state that deficiencies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_candidiasis

... has been known to stimulate cell growth in normal and cancer cell line cultures,[37] and it was shown that ... In line with its role as a first line defense system, SP is released when toxicants or poisons come into contact with a range ... on cells (including cancer cells) bestowing upon them mobility.[40] and metastasis.[41] It has been suggested that cancer ... stem cells, white blood cells) in many tissues and organs. SP amplifies or excites most cellular processes.[15][16] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P

The mucosal lining of the bladder could also be involved in approximately 5 percent of the children undergoing hematopoietic ... who have lost their stem cells after birth. Other conditions[13] treated with stem cell transplants include sickle-cell disease ... Peripheral blood stem cells[26] are now the most common source of stem cells for HSCT. They are collected from the blood ... Sources and storage of cells[edit]. To limit the risks of transplanted stem cell rejection or of severe graft-versus-host ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_Marrow_Transplant

line. A synonym for an undirected edge. The line graph L(G) of a graph G is a graph with a vertex for each edge of G and an ... with a one in the cell for row i and column j when vertices i and j are adjacent, and a zero otherwise.[4]. adjacent. The ... L(G) is the line graph of G; see line.. label. 1. Information associated with a vertex or edge of a graph. A labeled graph is a ... quasi-line graph. A quasi-line graph or locally co-bipartite graph is a graph in which the open neighborhood of every vertex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predecessor_

The skin consists of a thin outer epidermis with mucous cells and sensory cells, and a connective tissue dermis consisting ... The blood vessels consist of arteries, capillaries and veins and are lined with a cellular endothelium which is quite unlike ... Other colour-changing cells are reflective iridophores and white leucophores.[93] This colour-changing ability is also used to ... The lens is suspended behind the pupil and photoreceptive retinal cells cover the back of the eye. The pupil can be adjusted in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopoda

In cultured mammalian cells, such as the Chinese hamster ovary cell line, a number of genetic loci are present in a functional ... "Evidence obtained by segregation analysis for functional hemizygosity at the Emtr locus in CHO cells". Cell. 14: 1007-1013. doi ... A cell is said to be homozygous for a particular gene when identical alleles of the gene are present on both homologous ... A chromosome in a diploid organism is hemizygous when only one copy is present.[2] The cell or organism is called a hemizygote ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterozygote

19,0 19,1 P. De Coppi, G Barstch, Anthony Atala (2007). "Isolation of amniotic stem cell lines with potential for therapy". ... Thomson JA, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Shapiro SS, Waknitz MA, Swiergiel JJ, Marshall VS, Jones JM (1998). "Embryonic stem cell lines ... Lindvall O (2003). "Stem cells for cell therapy in Parkinson's disease". Pharmacol Res 47 (4): 279-87. PMID 12644384. ... "Researchers find new method for turning adult cells into stem cells". Amherst Daily News. Canadian Press. 2009-01-03. Vaadatud ...

https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tüvirakud

Tange incorporated vertical and horizontal lines reminiscent of both timber boarding and the lines on semiconductor boards.[40] ... In his speech he used words such as "cell" and "metabolism" in relation to urban design. The Metabolist movement grew out of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenzo_Tange

Distribution of rods and cones along a line passing through the fovea and the blind spot of a human eye[12] ... Further complexity arises from the various interconnections among bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells in the ... ON bipolar cells or inhibit (hyperpolarize) OFF bipolar cells. Thus, it is at the photoreceptor-bipolar cell synapse where ... which releases a neurotransmitter called glutamate to bipolar cells. Farther back is the cell body, which contains the cell's ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell

RCRF Cancer Cell Line Project. RCRF Cancer Cell Line project partnership with the NLMSF established to include leiomyosarcoma ... The Cancer Cell Line project is an opportunity for patients to contribute to research in a big way - a personal way. ... Harvard laboratories for cell processing and hopeful growth. ... RCRF Broad Institute Cancer Cell Line Project. *MyPART Network ... Harvard laboratories for cell processing and hopeful growth. ...

https://leiomyosarcoma.info/cancer-cell-line-project/

It gives rise to the bodys connective tissues, blood cells, and blood vessels, as well as muscle, kidney, and many other ... This middle layer of cells, sandwiched between ectoderm and endoderm, grows and diversifies to provide a wide range of ... structures and cell types. We begin with blood vessels. ... Endothelial cells form a single cell layer that lines all blood ... Endothelial Cells Line All Blood Vessels. *New Endothelial Cells Are Generated by Simple Duplication of Existing Endothelial ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26848/

... cell line contamination and misidentification. Human cell lines can be identified by existing multiplex polymerase chain ... The cell lines can be grown in labs for extended periods, but changes in the DNA sequence and biological responses of the cells ... The changes in the cell lines during culturing or inadvertent mixing or mislabeling cannot be readily identified by their ... Methods to authenticate nonhuman cell lines are lacking. Our efforts have focused on developing methods for authentication of ...

https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/cell-line-authentication

... cell lines from aborted fetuses. To say that one needs the cell lines of aborted fetuses to preserve one s life is inseparable ... The cell line developed at Coriell, identified as IMR-90 was the first of several lines planned in support of NIA research ... the cell line may be considered as an alternative for WI-38. [21] The expected lifespan for this new cell line is 58 population ... Stanley Plotkin had the choice of using either a fetal cell line taken from a miscarriage or the aborted fetal cell line WI-38 ...

https://web.archive.org/web/20110717013531/http%3A/www.cogforlife.org/fetalvaccinetruth.htm

Source for information on established cell line: A Dictionary of Plant Sciences dictionary. ... established cell line Cells, derived from a primary culture, which may be subcultured indefinitely in vitro. ... established cell line Cells, derived from a primary culture, which may be subcultured indefinitely in vitro.. ... established cell line A Dictionary of Plant Sciences © A Dictionary of Plant Sciences 1998, originally published by Oxford ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/established-cell-line-0

The growing pipeline of biological drugs has resulted in a continuous increase in the demand for different types of cell lines ... type of cell lines (recombinant, hybridoma and primary cell lines), technology used for the production of cell lines, purpose ... R&D activities include the production of cell based assays, reporter cell lines, ion channel expressing cell lines, drug ... Profiles of non-industry players (cell line repositories) that play an active role in the development of cell lines and offer ...

https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cell-line-development-services-market-2017-2027-300510338.html

PC12 cell line use has given much information to the function of proteins underlying vesicle fusion. This cell line has been ... studied using this cell line to understand their effects on PC12 cells These types of studies show that use of PC12 cell line ... This cell line was first cultured by Greene and Tischler in 1976. It was developed in parallel to the adrenal chromaffin cell ... Wikipedia articles containing the term "PC12 cells" [1] Ras function was partially elucidated using PC12 cell line [2], from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC12_cell_line

HEK 293 cells - derived from human fetal cells. Jurkat cells - a human T lymphocyte cell line isolated from a case of leukemia ... Vero cells - a monkey kidney cell line that arose by spontaneous immortalisation. List of breast cancer cell lines Skloot R ( ... Immortalised cell lines have also found uses in biotechnology. An immortalised cell line should not be confused with stem cells ... Some of them are normal cell lines (e.g. derived from stem cells). Other immortalised cell lines are the in vitro equivalent of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immortalised_cell_line

... cell line contamination and misidentification. To help address this challenge, NIST and the American Type Culture Collection ( ... ATCC) have partnered to establish a Mouse Cell Line Authentication Consortium and are ... The widespread use of cell lines in biomedical research is nearly universal, but a major issue has continued to plague the ... Mouse Cell Line Authentication - The scientific community has responded to the misidentification of human cell lines with ...

https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/cell-line-identification-and-authentication

Horizon Discovery introduces Cas9 and dCas9-VPR stable cell lines to simplify and accelerate CRISPR gene editing workflows ... Horizon Discovery Group plc, today announced the introduction of its stably expressing Cas9 and dCas9-VPR cell lines to help ... New strategy may help guard beta cells, slow the onset of type 1 diabetes Type 1 diabetes occurs when a persons own immune ... Study shows interferons do not induce the expression of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry receptor In a new bioRxiv study, authors ...

https://www.news-medical.net/?tag=/Cell-Line

Nonhuman molecules from the culture medium used to grow stem cells have contaminated the human embryonic stem cells available ... Stem Cell Lines Compromised?. WASHINGTON - The human embryonic stem cells available for research are contaminated with nonhuman ... Currently available stem cell lines have been grown in materials derived from animals. Such materials include connective tissue ... Last summer, more than half the members of the Senate urged easing limits on new cell lines, noting that potential ...

https://www.wired.com/2005/01/stem-cell-lines-compromised/

... To provide for compliance with the NIH policies on enhancing reproducibility through ... The results from this analysis can be used in providing evidence of compliance for the cell line authentication that is being ... Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis is a well-established technique for assessing cell line identity and has been the subject of ... Cost: $50.00/ cell sample. Please provide 2-3 up of genomic DNA in 10-20 ul sterile water.. Questions? Please contact Dr. Steve ...

https://www.utmb.edu/mgf/molecular-genomics-core/cell-line-authentication-

The US National Institutes of Health publishes a list of cell lines that qualify for federal funding, but scientists remain ... Scientists were sceptical that so many lines exist and are concerned that access to a restricted number of stem cell lines ... "You have to replicate your results with other cell lines," says stem cell researcher Maeve Caldwell at Cambridge University. " ... In a move designed to satisfy US researchers that there will be enough stem cell lines available for research, the US National ...

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn1205-stem-cell-line-list-gets-sceptical-reception/

... cell line cross-contamination can lead to misidentification if the contaminating cell line is heartier than the cell line it ... If, however, your cells come from a less than reliable source or if theyve been sharing an incubator with other cell lines for ... Misidentification of human cell lines: Science vs. Policy - 2012. Dr. Yvonne Reid, a cell authentication specialist at ATCC, ... and the websites of other cell repositories to develop a comprehensive list of cell lines known to be contaminated or ...

https://www.atcc.org/Products/Cells%20and%20Microorganisms/Cell%20Line%20Misidentification.aspx?geo_country=us

... method for cell line identity confirmation and for detection of intra-species contamination in cultured human cell lines. ... Cell Line Authentication. GenePrint® 10 provides a convenient STR-based method for cell line identity confirmation and for ... Cell Line Authentication. Cell Line Authentication Mixed Sample Analysis ... Shop all Cell Line Authentication. Sort by:. Newest. Alphabetical A-Z. Alphabetical Z-A. ...

https://www.promega.com/products/cell-authentication-sample-identification/cell-line-authentication/

Stem cell transplants are effective treatments for a wide range of diseases, including cancer. ... Stem cells help rebuild a weakened immune system. ... What Are Stem Cells?. Stem cells are cells that can develop ... How Are Stem Cell Transplants Done?. Before a stem cell transplant, doctors place a central line (or central venous catheter). ... A stem cell transplant is when doctors put healthy stem cells into someones bloodstream to replace their stem cells. ...

https://kidshealth.org/MainLine/en/parents/stem-cells.html?WT.ac=p-ra

Located in Southern California, Palos Verdes Estates is a planned community, about a quarter of which is devoted to public rights-of-way, both for aesthetics and transportation. Telecommunications company Sprint applied to the city for permission to build wireless telecommunications facilities in the citys public rights-of-way to replace its existing wireless infrastructure.. The city granted eight of Sprints permits, and denied the remaining two - one for a facility to be constructed in a narrow street, and the other for a facility to be built in one of the main entrance thoroughfares to the city.. In rejecting Sprints applications, the city works director cited an ordinance authorizing wireless telecommunication facilities permits to be denied on grounds of adverse aesthetic impact. Sprint appealed the city works directors decision to the City Planning Commission and the City Council, both of whom affirmed the city works directors refusal to grant the two permits. Sprint also appealed the ...

https://www.inman.com/2010/01/27/drawing-line-cell-towers/

Pass other cell lines specific tests to access the quality of the culture, for example karyotyping for stem cells ... Send all inquires to [email protected] and we will reply within 1 business day indicating if we carry the cell line and how ... As a bi-institutional facility the Antibody and Bioresource Core Facility distributes cell lines developed at Memorial Sloan ... Come with the STR profile for the cell lines and a comprehensive information sheet ...

https://www.rockefeller.edu/monoclonal/?p=39

We have the ability to test cell lines for the presence or absence of most extraneous agents. That is crucial for bringing ... We offer a research line aimed to improve available cell lines to facilitate efficient growth of pathogens. ... Cell line development. Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR) contributes to the prevention, eradication and control of ... The aim of this research line is to expand knowledge of in vitro cell culture systems in order to increase the yield of ...

https://www.wur.nl/web/show/id=11993288/langid=2534797

... including an introduction to why cell line authentication matters, and how cell authentication is performed. Theres also an ... Cell Line Authentication Matters. Misidentified or contaminated cell lines lead to invalidation of data and lost time, money ... Standards for Cell Line Authentications. To standardize STR analysis for human cell line authentication, the American Tissue ... Check the cell line name against the database of misidentified cell line. ...

https://www.promega.com/resources/pubhub/cell-line-authentication-testing/

The results are from the longest follow-up for any programmed cell death (PD) inhibitor administered first-line for MCC and ... Immunotherapy Should Be First Line in Merkel Cell Carcinoma - Medscape - Mar 18, 2019. ... Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) occurs in the majority (~80%) of MCC tumors, and the persistent expression of MCPyV T-antigen ... The findings represent the longest follow-up for any anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drug administered in the first-line treatment setting for ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/910547

These results define R278.5 cells as an embryonic stem cell line, to our knowledge, the first to be derived from any primate ... Isolation of a primate embryonic stem cell line. J A Thomson, J Kalishman, T G Golos, M Durning, C P Harris, R A Becker, J P ... Isolation of a primate embryonic stem cell line. J A Thomson, J Kalishman, T G Golos, M Durning, C P Harris, R A Becker, J P ... Isolation of a primate embryonic stem cell line. J A Thomson, J Kalishman, T G Golos, M Durning, C P Harris, R A Becker, and J ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/92/17/7844?ijkey=6b9e5e4838de0d0d49a9895a7ea7d5e73dddf925&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... donalhambra Sun, 29 Jun 2014 08:23:18 -0700 ... Questions about multi-line table cells have appeared before in this forum (May 2014, May 2012, November 2010, October 2009, ... perhaps others), but they only get intelligible answers if theyre about *reading* such cells, not about creating them. -- --- ... jopendocument] Multi-line spreadsheet cells? donalhambra. * *[jopendocument] Re: Multi-line spreadsheet cells? ribbles ...

https://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg00535.html

Services at JAX performs contract efficacy studies with customer-supplied candidate oncology therapies in human tumor cell line ... We have experience with a range of common tumor cell lines and have the capability to use customer provided cancer cell lines ... Cancer Cell Line Xenograft Efficacy Studies. In Vivo Pharmacology Services at JAX performs contract efficacy studies with ... Cancer cell lines are typically engrafted subcutaneously in immunocompromised mice such as nude or scid mice (mammary ...

https://www.jax.org/jax-mice-and-services/in-vivo-pharmacology/oncology-services/cancer-cell-line-studies

... The problem of cell line misidentification has persisted for over 50 years, ... The problem of cell line misidentification has persisted for over 50 years, highlighting concerns of data integrity and ... It is key to be aware of which journals have set guidelines for cell line authentication prior to publication. The following is ... Cell line misidentification, cross-contamination, and genetic drift have resulted in inconsistent or invalidated studies. As ...

https://www.atcc.org/en/Services/Testing_Services/Cell_Authentication_Testing_Service/Cell_Line_Authentication_Publication_Requirements.aspx

High Titer Production Cell Lines Within 6 Months from DNA. Get a robust, high titer production cell line and fed-batch process ... Early selection of high producer cell lines under bioreactor conditions ensures that the best media and cell line combination ... Run up to 48 stirred vessels in parallel and screen for the best producing cell line and media combination with the help of ... Improve the overall efficiency and speed of cell line and media development by 90% with the unique ambr15 automated multi- ...

https://www.sartorius.com/en/applications/biopharmaceutical-manufacturing/mabs/mabs-upstream/mabs-cell-line

Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1995 Feb;107(2):131-9. Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt ... Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1995 Feb;107(2):131-9.. Glucuronosyltransferase activity in human cancer cell line LNCaP.. Guillemette C1 ... LNCaP, a human prostate cancer cell line, metabolizes testosterone into a variety of 5 alpha-reduced C19 steroids, such as ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7768324?dopt=Abstract

... the infamous cell phone/land line combo. I understand that people dont feel too good when their cell phone goes dead because ... and invest in a cell phone with either a wind up or solar charger. Alternatively, get a computer and internet service; the ...

https://www.treehugger.com/gadgets/lose-the-tvland-line-save-the-cellcomputer.html

This armed terrorist was the leader of a cell in the Wehda area in the western part of Mosul. This terrorist cell was ... Terrorist Cell Rolled Up In Mosul. Haider Ajina sends us his translation of an item from the Iraqi newspaper Al Nahrein:. A ... More from Power Line. *White House issues tough statement on "Schumer Shutdown" ... Most Read on Power Line. * House committee document could mean trouble for anti-Trump deep statists ...

http://www.powerlineblog.com/archives/2005/01/009269.php

... investigators have made numerous attempts to generate human pancreatic β cell lines that could be used to advance β cell ... which they termed EndoC-βH1 cells, that secreted insulin in response to glucose challenge. ... biology, facilitate drug discovery, and provide a pathway to β cell replacement therapy for the treatment of diabetes. In this ... colleagues report that this has finally been achieved successfully with a multistep process that led to the generation of cells ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/58899/pdf

established cell line Cells, derived from a primary culture, which may be subcultured indefinitely in vitro . (encyclopedia.com)

Human cell lines can be identified by existing multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays that target short tandem repeat (STR) markers in DNA that are used as fingerprints for authentication. (nist.gov)
Our efforts have focused on developing methods for authentication of important nonhuman cell lines to achieve measurement assurance of their use. (nist.gov)
The STR markers are highly polymorphic (many differences in repeat length) and are used to fingerprint the cell lines for authentication. (nist.gov)
The allelic ladder will be made publicly available as a NIST Reference Material allowing increased confidence in the use of the STR assay for cell line authentication. (nist.gov)
Research studies and cell culture repositories have reported that 18-36 percent of all cell lines are contaminated, and the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) currently lists over 475 cross-contaminated or misidentified cell lines in its database. (nist.gov)
Human Cell Lines Standards and Protocols - As a prerequisite for manuscript submission and funding, many journals and funding agencies now recommend or require cell line authentication. (nist.gov)
The results from this analysis can be used in providing evidence of compliance for the cell line authentication that is being requested by the NIH and many scientific journals. (utmb.edu)
Thus, periodic authentication of your cell lines is well-worth the effort. (atcc.org)
Dr. Yvonne Reid, a cell authentication specialist at ATCC, gave this presentation at the European Stem cell meeting held in San Diego, CA, this past February. (atcc.org)
It is key to be aware of which journals have set guidelines for cell line authentication prior to publication. (atcc.org)
In April 2015, the Global Biological Standards Institute (GBSI) launched a multifaceted campaign to raise awareness of the importance of cell-line authentication in improving research reproducibility. (genengnews.com)
Research grants should include the costs to address cell-line authentication. (genengnews.com)
Journals should require documentation of cell-line authentication. (genengnews.com)
Graduate students and postdoctoral fellows should receive more information on the importance of cell-line authentication. (genengnews.com)
There should be greater investment in the development of novel tools for cell-line authentication. (genengnews.com)
More troubling is the apparent complacency surrounding the need to authenticate cell-lines: 24% of respondents reported not seeing the necessity of authentication, and a similar percentage indicated that management was unaware of or deliberately ignored the issue. (genengnews.com)
For Gabriela Saldanha, strategic marketing manager at Promega, the leading driver for cell-line authentication today is the National Institutes of Health (NIH), whose new guidelines for grant submission include the need to demonstrate that all proposed cell-lines have been authenticated. (genengnews.com)
NIH notice NOT-OD-15-103, Enhancing Reproducibility through Rigor and Transparency, includes provisions recommending demonstration of cell-line authentication from all investigators applying for NIH grants. (genengnews.com)
Of all the concerns about reproducibility in science, cell-line authentication is one of the most important steps. (genengnews.com)
Short Tandem Repeat (STR) DNA profiling, also known as DNA fingerprinting, offers the greatest value for cell line authentication. (mdanderson.org)
Over the past 50 years numerous human cell lines have been shown to be misidentified due, in part, to poor cell-culture technique and inadequate authentication protocols. (brighttalk.com)
Sandig, V. Authentication of the R06E Fruit Bat Cell Line. (mdpi.com)
Jordan I, Munster VJ, Sandig V. Authentication of the R06E Fruit Bat Cell Line. (mdpi.com)
Hybrid cell lines can pose a problem for authentication testing to confirm cell line identity, since the results obtained may not conform to the results expected for the two parental cell types. (intechopen.com)

Catalent Pharma Solutions, the leading global provider of advanced delivery technologies and development solutions for drugs, biologics and consumer health products, and Berkeley Lights, Inc. (BLI), a leader in digital cell biology, today announced Catalent Biologics will adopt BLI's Beacon optofluidic platform to accelerate its cell line development workflow. (prweb.com)
The four integrated workflows of the Beacon platform - import, culture, assay, and export, will be applied to Catalent Biologics' GPEx® cell line development platform, as well as Catalent's ongoing research and development activities. (prweb.com)
Cell-line development is a fundamental growth area for contract manufacturing organizations such as Cobra Biologics, providing new business and facilitating strong growth in European and North American markets. (genengnews.com)
Cobra Biologics optimizes cell-line development using a unique technology that infuses ubiquitous chromatin-opening element (UCOE) technology with cell-line development expertise to yield increased recombinant protein and antibody production. (genengnews.com)
Ulrica Skoging-Nyberg, Ph.D. ( [email protected] ), is service delivery manager, cell culture at Cobra Biologics . (genengnews.com)
The Indian company has been scaling up its production of biologics in recent years, which has seen it open a facility in La Chaux-de-Fonds , Switzerland, and to add second single-use production line to manufacture monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and bispecific antibodies. (outsourcing-pharma.com)
Cell lines are primarily used to study biologics. (openpr.com)
Additionally, our in-house experts have a long track record of developing cell lines for expression of biologics, and many of these biologics have progressed to clinical trials. (sartorius.com)
We have built over 65 mammalian (CHO) cell lines to express biologics. (sartorius.com)

Proper aseptic technique can reduce the risk of contamination and misidentification, but nobody is perfect - and the potential cost of using contaminated or misidentified lines, in time, resources, and reputation, is very high. (atcc.org)
Her talk describes the history of the problem and outlines how scientific policy can help to eradicate cell contamination and misidentification. (atcc.org)
The HeLa cell line, represented here by a scanning electron micrograph showing a pair of recently divided HeLa cells, is the most common source of human cell-line contamination and misidentification. (genengnews.com)

Researchers can verify their cell lines using the same technique applied in forensics for identifying people - by profiling DNA through short tandem repeats (STRs) . (nist.gov)
In recent years, scientists have learned how to grow large volumes of replacement beta cells, but the researchers are still trying out many options to protect these cells against the immune attack. (news-medical.net)
WASHINGTON - The human embryonic stem cells available for research are contaminated with nonhuman molecules from the culture medium used to grow the cells, researchers report. (wired.com)
Researchers hope to use these cells to repair damaged organs and cure diseases. (wired.com)
The researchers said when the team grew stem cells in human serum specially selected for low amounts of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies, the immune response was reduced, but not completely eliminated. (wired.com)
In a move designed to satisfy US researchers that there will be enough stem cell lines available for research, the US National Institutes of Health have published a list of the stem cell lines that qualify for federal funding. (newscientist.com)
Stem cell researchers in the US had been tentatively lauding their government for agreeing to fund their work in some form. (newscientist.com)
The results are from the longest follow-up for any programmed cell death (PD) inhibitor administered first-line for MCC and have led the researchers to say that these immunotherapies should be used upfront in the treatment of this disease. (medscape.com)
The problem of cell line misidentification has persisted for over 50 years, highlighting concerns of data integrity and reproducibility among life science researchers. (atcc.org)
To minimize the chances that HeLa or other cell lines will cause cross-contamination problems-and potentially give rise to spurious results-researchers are encouraged to follow "best practices" recommendations, such as those issued by the Global Biological Standards Institute. (genengnews.com)
ATCC offers Tumor/Normal matched cell line pairs derived from the same donor, allowing researchers to compare the experimental results from tumor cell lines to that of their normal counterparts. (atcc.org)
Pre-characterized cell lines will decrease the cost to researchers since this will eliminate repeat analysis. (mdanderson.org)
MD Anderson's policy ( ACA#1044 ) now requires all researchers to validate their cell lines at least once per year (Our Core highly suggests to validate cell lines every 6 months). (mdanderson.org)
Medical researchers are able to use iPS cells to test how different patients might respond to new drugs or to analyse how genetic diseases develop. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The EBiSC stem cell bank is a collection of human iPS cells available to academic and commercial researchers for use in disease modelling and other forms of stem cell research. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Researchers at the University of Washington have successfully created a line of human embryonic stem cells that have the ability to develop into a far broader range of tissues than most existing cell lines. (eurekalert.org)
Researchers had been able to develop naive cells using mouse embryonic stem cells but to create naive human embryonic stem cells has required inserting a set of genes that force the cells to behave like naive cells. (eurekalert.org)
The researchers looked at genetic mutations known to cause cancer in more than 11,000 patient samples of 29 different tumour types, built a catalogue of the genetic changes that cause cancer in patients, and mapped these alterations onto 1000 cancer cell lines. (eurekalert.org)
Researchers have also shown that large collections of cancer cell lines grown in the laboratory can be used for measuring sensitivity to many hundreds of drugs. (eurekalert.org)
Cell lines from vertebrates, insects, and plants are vital to research in a variety of scientific fields, but researchers have, until now, failed to produced invertebrate cell lines. (upi.com)
Luckily, researchers at Florida Atlantic University reached a breakthrough in biotechnology, successfully boosting the rate and number of cell divisions. (upi.com)
Researchers described their invertebrate cell culture breakthrough Thursday in the journal Scientific Reports . (upi.com)
Researchers have notified the NIH that they may apply for approval of another 250 stem cell lines. (washingtontimes.com)
He has about 100 vials of cells from each batch already banked and ready to ship to researchers around the country. (washingtontimes.com)
Wednesday's announcement means that researchers who were awarded $21 million in stem cell research grants this year can start using the approved lines immediately, projects that include work to one day repair damaged heart tissue and grow new brain cells. (washingtontimes.com)
Authenticating human cell lines is a crucial, yet underappreciated, quality control step for researchers performing cell biology, genetic mapping, gene expression, and gene therapy research. (brighttalk.com)
Researchers still cannot derive new lines using federal funds-creating new lines requires the destruction of an embryo. (technologyreview.com)
Fraunhofer researchers have developed a new microhole chip that enables cells to be identified and characterized reliably within minutes. (fraunhofer.de)
This FOA will support SBIR projects to improve existing technologies, and/or develop novel, reliable, and cost effective tools that will make it easier for researchers to confirm the identity and/or sex of the cells that they use in their work. (nih.gov)
In a new study published November 10, 2015 in the online journal eLIFE , researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine describe a new "progenitor cell" capable of unlimited expansion and differentiation into mature kidney cells, but without the risk of forming tumors. (ucsd.edu)

The origins of some immortal cell lines, for example HeLa human cells, are from naturally occurring cancers. (wikipedia.org)
HeLa, the first-ever immortal human cell line, was taken from Henrietta Lacks (without informed consent) in 1951 at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. (wikipedia.org)
Major examples include human HeLa The line is derived from cervical cancer cells taken on February 8, 1951,[2] from Henrietta Lacks, a 31-year-old African-American mother of five, who died of cancer on October 4, 1951. (wikipedia.org)
HeLa cells - a widely used human cell line isolated from cervical cancer patient Henrietta Lacks. (wikipedia.org)
ATCC maintains nearly 4,000 cell lines that are invaluable for public health research, including cancer models such as HeLa, OVCAR-3 and LNCaP. (atcc.org)
In 1974, she asked a leading medical geneticist to tell her about HeLa cells, a tissue-culture cell line derived from the cancer that had killed her mother Henrietta in 1951. (scientificamerican.com)
The HeLa cell line was established in 1951 from a biopsy of a cervical tumour taken from Henrietta Lacks, a working-class African-American woman living near Baltimore. (scientificamerican.com)
My lab is growing HeLa cells today," Collins told Nature in an interview on the NIH campus in Bethesda, Maryland. (scientificamerican.com)
These results were interpreted as reflecting widespread contamination of cultures by the first established human cell line HeLa. (nature.com)
There are different types of cell lines which have their origin from different cell types such as hela cells, HEK 293 cells, vero cells, 3T3 cells etc. (openpr.com)

If it were not for endothelial cells extending and remodeling the network of blood vessels, tissue growth and repair would be impossible. (nih.gov)
Cancerous tissue is as dependent on a blood supply as is normal tissue, and this has led to a surge of interest in endothelial cell biology. (nih.gov)
The largest blood vessels are arteries and veins, which have a thick, tough wall of connective tissue and and many layers of smooth muscle cells ( Figure 22-22 ). (nih.gov)
The amounts of connective tissue and smooth muscle in the vessel wall vary according to the vessel's diameter and function, but the endothelial lining is always present. (nih.gov)
These are cells of the connective-tissue family, related to vascular smooth muscle cells, that wrap themselves round the small vessels ( Figure 22-24 ). (nih.gov)
A study of the embryo reveals, moreover, that arteries and veins develop from small vessels constructed solely of endothelial cells and a basal lamina: pericytes, connective tissue and smooth muscle are added later where required, under the influence of signals from the endothelial cells. (nih.gov)
Once a vessel has matured, signals from the endothelial cells to the surrounding connective tissue and smooth muscle continue to play a crucial part in regulating the vessel's function and structure. (nih.gov)
The importance of cell lines in other areas, such as drug screening, gene functional studies, cell-based assay development, diagnostics and tissue engineering, has resulted in further increase in the demand for different types of cell lines. (prnewswire.com)
The alternative, performing an analysis on primary cells from multiple tissue donors, does not have this advantage. (wikipedia.org)
While immortalised cell lines often originate from a well-known tissue type, they have undergone significant mutations to become immortal. (wikipedia.org)
For example, supposed thyroid lines were actually melanoma cells, supposed prostate tissue was actually bladder cancer, and supposed normal uterine cultures were actually breast cancer. (wikipedia.org)
3T3 cells - a mouse fibroblast cell line derived from a spontaneous mutation in cultured mouse embryo tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Such materials include connective tissue cells, called feeder layers, from mice and fetal calf serum. (wired.com)
Ideally, they keep dividing indefinitely to provide cells that can develop into any type of body tissue. (newscientist.com)
When the resulting tissue was transplanted into SCID mice, insulinoma cells developed. (nih.gov)
After hypoglycemia developed in the mice, cells were removed and propagated in tissue culture as insulin-containing cells that secreted insulin in response to glucose challenge. (nih.gov)
ATCC has designed tumor cell panels based on the tissue of tumor origin, each annotated with details regarding known mutations. (atcc.org)
These findings were presented at the Second Decennial Review Conference on Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 4 and have since been extended to include other American Type Culture Collection lines. (nature.com)
A team led by Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich researcher Ruedi Aebersold has published a quantitative characterization of the proteome of the human tissue culture cell line U2OS. (genomeweb.com)
Embryonic stem cells can morph into any cell of the body, and scientists hope to harness them so they can create replacement tissue to treat, and possibly even cure, a variety of diseases, from diabetes to Parkinson's to spinal cord injury. (washingtontimes.com)
To address this problem, Visikol has developed their Visikol® HISTO-M™ tissue clearing reagent that allows for complete 3D cell culture characterization using confocal imaging or a 3-fold increase in cells detected using wide-field microscopy. (brighttalk.com)
In this blog post we explain how to prepare cell or tissue lysates for ELISA Kits. (the-scientist.com)
Cellect Biotechnology ( APOP ) has developed a breakthrough technology for the selection of stem cells from any given tissue that aims to improve a variety of stem cell-based therapies. (yahoo.com)
Analyses showed that these newly created "mesoderm progenitors" lacked tumor-forming potential, but retained the capacity to differentiate into specific kinds of tissue, such as cells that comprise the adult kidney. (ucsd.edu)
As with many other human tumors, the implantation of breast cancer cells into an anatomically appropriate tissue (the mammary fatpad) results in increased tumor take and incidence of metastasis for certain cell lines compared with subcutaneous injection. (nih.gov)
Your surgeon may also remove surrounding tissue to make sure no cancer cells have spread. (mainlinehealth.org)

Additionally, both intra- and interspecies cell line cross-contamination can lead to misidentification if the contaminating cell line is heartier than the cell line it has corrupted. (atcc.org)
See how ATCC combats cell misidentification. (atcc.org)
Cell line misidentification, cross-contamination, and genetic drift have resulted in inconsistent or invalidated studies. (atcc.org)
The misidentification of human cell lines in research labs is a significant problem that may be costing the scientific community millions of dollars annually. (brighttalk.com)

LGC Promochem: Cell Biology Collection. (wikipedia.org)
Immortal cell lines are a very important tool for research into the biochemistry and cell biology of multicellular organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Immortalised cell lines are widely used as a simple model for more complex biological systems, for example for the analysis of the biochemistry and cell biology of mammalian (including human) cells. (wikipedia.org)
This simplifies analysis of the biology of cells which may otherwise have a limited lifetime. (wikipedia.org)
This can alter the biology of the cell and must be taken into consideration in any analysis. (wikipedia.org)
For decades, investigators have made numerous attempts to generate human pancreatic β cell lines that could be used to advance β cell biology, facilitate drug discovery, and provide a pathway to β cell replacement therapy for the treatment of diabetes. (nih.gov)
The ATCC Cell Biology Collection is one of the largest bioresources in the world, and offers a complex array of human, animal, insect, fish and stem cell lines from which to choose. (atcc.org)
Berkeley Lights, Inc. (BLI) is a digital cell biology company that develops and commercializes platforms for the acceleration of discovery, development, and delivery of cell based products and therapies. (prweb.com)
At the intersection of biology, technology and information, our platforms automate the manipulation, analysis and selection of individual cells, creating ultimate scalability and deep cell insights. (prweb.com)
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that mediate the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in stem cell systems has important implications for many areas of biology, including new cell-based therapies for a host of diseases. (pnas.org)
Drosophila germ-line stem cells (GSCs) have been a fruitful system for studying stem cell biology and dissecting the interactions between stem cells and associated stromal cells. (pnas.org)
Previous studies have sequenced the DNA of cancers from patients to identify the molecular abnormalities that drive the biology of cancer cells. (eurekalert.org)
Molecular-biology analysis is a useful means of identifying the factors that determine why a specific drug is able to kill tumor cells or has no effect. (fraunhofer.de)
Cell lines are used in several biological processes and have many uses in research pertaining to cell biology, biochemistry, cancer diagnostics, molecular biology and drug discovery. (openpr.com)
Cell lines are also used in molecular biology and cancer treatment. (openpr.com)
1 Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA. (nih.gov)

Mice have been the most popular laboratory animal, widely used for genetic and basic research studies, resulting in mouse cell lines being the most numerous and important cell lines second to human cell lines. (nist.gov)
Olympus, a leading manufacturer of high-end research microscopes, and Cytosurge, a precision manufacturer of cell manipulation technologies, have entered a co-marketing agreement to become a complete system provider to the scientific community's growing need for next-generation single-cell and CRISPR genetic manipulation solutions. (news-medical.net)
Precision medicine in cancer treatment uses genetic changes in the cancer cells to select the best therapies for individual patients. (news-medical.net)
When stem cells come from another person, the stem cells must have similar genetic makeup. (kidshealth.org)
They found that both embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells -- adult cells rewound to an embryonic state -- had more genetic abnormalities than other cell types. (latimes.com)
In addition to transcriptional control of stem cell maintenance, genetic studies unexpectedly implicated a role for translational regulation in GSC maintenance. (pnas.org)
7 July 2016 - New research shows that patient-derived cancer cell lines harbour most of the same genetic changes found in patients' tumours, and could be used to learn how tumours are likely to respond to new drugs. (eurekalert.org)
Dr Francesco Iorio, postdoctoral researcher at EMBL-EBI and the Sanger Institute, said, "If a cell line has the same genetic features as a patient's tumour, and that cell line responded to a specific drug, we can focus new research on this finding. (eurekalert.org)
Dr Mathew Garnett of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, said, "In this study we compared the genetic landscape of patient tumours with that of cancer cells grown in the lab. (eurekalert.org)
We found that cell lines do carry the same genetic alterations that drive cancer in patients. (eurekalert.org)
28. Analyze and investigate emerging scientific issues (e.g., genetically modified food, stem cell research, genetic research and cloning). (edheads.org)
To further understand the metabolic diversity of cancer, we profiled 225 metabolites in 928 cell lines from more than 20 cancer types in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). This resource enables unbiased association analysis linking the cancer metabolome to genetic alterations, epigenetic features and gene dependencies. (broadinstitute.org)
A cell culture is developed from a single cell and hence consists of an unchanging genetic makeup. (openpr.com)
If cancer is detected, additional testing may be needed to identify the type of cells, any genetic indicators, and how the cells are behaving. (mainlinehealth.org)
Cell fusion can be important in the establishment and evolution of cell lines (e.g., [ 16 ]) and can lead to cancer progression and metastasis via genetic instability [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. (intechopen.com)

The cells can therefore be grown for prolonged periods in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
Other immortalised cell lines are the in vitro equivalent of cancerous cells. (wikipedia.org)
Immortalised cell lines have undergone similar mutations allowing a cell type which would normally not be able to divide to be proliferated in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
Immortalised cell lines find use in biotechnology, where they are a cost-effective way of growing cells similar to those found in a multicellular organism in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
The aim of this research line is to expand knowledge of in vitro cell culture systems in order to increase the yield of intracellular pathogens. (wur.nl)
Embryonic stem cells have the ability to remain undifferentiated and proliferate indefinitely in vitro while maintaining the potential to differentiate into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers. (pnas.org)
R278.5 cells allowed to differentiate in vitro secrete bioactive chorionic gonadotropin into the medium, express chorionic gonadotropin alpha- and beta-subunit mRNAs, and express alpha-fetoprotein mRNA, indicating trophoblast and endoderm differentiation. (pnas.org)
These HaCaT cells also respond in vitro to external signals (e.g. levels of calcium, retinoids) similarly as normal keratinocytes. (springer.com)
All-trans retinoic acid has been shown to suppress the growth of Caov-3 ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro . (mskcc.org)
The resulting cell line (EndoC-βH2) could be massively amplified in vitro. (jci.org)
To that end, OncoTheis has engineered a novel in vitro lung cancer model, OncoCilAir™, which combines a functional reconstituted human airway epithelium, human lung fibroblasts and lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. (brighttalk.com)
Activation of metastatic potential in African green monkey kidney cell lines by prolonged in vitro culture. (greenmedinfo.com)
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol. (greenmedinfo.com)
Willert, with co-corresponding author David Brafman, PhD, at Arizona State University, and colleagues engineered an in vitro microenvironment that permitted homogenous expansion of hPSC progenitor cells from the mesoderm - one of the three primary germ layers in early embryonic development. (ucsd.edu)

examples of these services include cell line characterization, cell banking, cell bank characterization, process development and commercialization of reagents / equipment. (prnewswire.com)
The registry will make the "most effective use of existing stem cell lines and avoiding the unnecessary creation of new ones," Potocnik said, adding, "It will also be useful in the creation of common international standardization for the characterization of these stem cells, essential for progress toward new cures and therapies. (news-medical.net)
to generate a line of specific cells that will serve as a basis to improve characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. (pasteur.fr)
Here we focus on automating the enrichment of expressing cells and the generation and characterization of single cell-derived populations for maximizing protein production. (beckman.com)

Adoption of this assay would increase confidence in studies using mouse cell lines and could ultimately save time and reduce costs by identifying misidentified or contaminated cell lines in advance. (nist.gov)
A common contributor to this significant waste of research resources is the widespread use of misidentified or contaminated cell lines, which are estimated to be the source of more than one-third of all cells used in research. (genengnews.com)

In order to detect cell line contaminants, primers for two human STR markers were incorporated into the multiplex assay to facilitate the detection of human and African green monkey DNA. (nist.gov)
We've also identified 11 STR markers specific to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines , which are instrumental in the manufacturing of recombinant protein therapeutics, and successfully used eleven of those markers in a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. (nist.gov)
We are currently developing a PCR-based multiplex assay for use in authenticating rat cell lines. (nist.gov)
Assay data from multiple instruments and time points were used as toll gates to identify the wells that met the criteria to continue through the lengthy process and these data ultimately drove automated hit-picking and cell expansion. (beckman.com)
Measure IgG secretion, cell number, and cell viability, and correlate these measurements all in one assay. (sartorius.com)

Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis is a well-established technique for assessing cell line identity and has been the subject of a comprehensive evaluation (ASN-0002) by the ATCC Standard Development Organization (SDO). (utmb.edu)
Cell lines from ATCC have been thoroughly tested and authenticated, so you can be certain the label on the vial represents the cells stored within. (atcc.org)
The authors of this study reviewed the publically available information on PubMed, Wikipedia, the website of the ATCC, and the websites of other cell repositories to develop a comprehensive list of cell lines known to be contaminated or misidentified. (atcc.org)
32:857- ATCC designat CCL 16 comments derived from 8 motn old male adult How many different V79 cell lines are there? (bio.net)
ATCC was entrusted with its first cell line in 1962 and has consistently attained the highest standards and used the most reliable procedures to verify every cell line since. (atcc.org)
ATCC provides investigators with a comprehensive selection of animal cell lines from over 150 different species. (atcc.org)
ATCC offers isogenic cell lines created using gene editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 that are ideal for identifying novel, personalized treatment regimens. (atcc.org)
ATCC has created gene mutation lists based on the ATCC tumor cell line collection and known mutation information maintained in the Sanger Institute COSMIC database. (atcc.org)
The ATCC Primary Cell collection includes quality primary cells, along with the media, reagents, and relevant information needed to support the successful culture of primary cells. (atcc.org)
ATCC announces the addition of ATCC Tumor Cell Panels to its product offering for aid in cancer research, drug discovery, biomarkers and pathway analysis. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Through use of the COSMIC database, 20 genes associated with tumorigenesis including TP5E, CDKN2A, BRAF and KRAS were assessed and tumor cell lines in the ATCC collection that carried those mutations were identified, with key cells lines parceled into easy- to-order, cost-effective panels. (drugdiscoverynews.com)

Unique profiles were obtained from fifty inbred mice and six mouse cell lines which were used to determine the allele distribution for each STR marker. (nist.gov)
When injected into severe combined immunodeficient mice, R278.5 cells consistently differentiate into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers. (pnas.org)
Cells receiving this second transduction with hTERT were then again transplanted into SCID mice. (nih.gov)
In Vivo Pharmacology Services at JAX performs contract efficacy studies with customer-supplied candidate oncology therapies in human tumor cell line-engrafted immunodeficient mice. (jax.org)
Cancer cell lines are typically engrafted subcutaneously in immunocompromised mice such as nude or scid mice (mammary orthotopic implantation is also available). (jax.org)
As a result of their decreased immune function, these mice are efficient hosts for in vivo growth and proliferation of tumor cell lines. (jax.org)
Banks-Schlegel S, Green H (1980) Formation of epidermis by serially cultivated human epidermal cells transplanted as an epithelium to athymic mice. (springer.com)
Furthermore, when Melligen cells were transplanted into diabetic mice whose immune systems were essentially not functioning, the blood glucose levels of the mice became normal. (cnbc.com)
These cells fail to grow in soft agar but are tumorigenic when injected into immunocompromised mice. (mskcc.org)
Malme-3M cells form tumors when injected into immunocompromised mice. (mskcc.org)
1977) One hundred and twenty-seven cultured human tumor cell lines producing tumors in nude mice. (mskcc.org)
We previously reported the generation of a human β cell line (EndoC-βH1) that was generated from human fetal pancreas by targeted oncogenesis followed by in vivo cell differentiation in mice. (jci.org)
Assessing the tumorigenic phenotype of VERO cells in adult and newborn nude mice. (greenmedinfo.com)
Systematically experimental investigation on carcinogenesis or tumorigenicity of VERO cell lines of different karyotypes in nude mice in vivo used for viral vaccine manufacture. (greenmedinfo.com)
Testing a number of widely available human breast cancer cell lines identified the MDA-MB-435 cell line as the most metastatic, producing lung and lymph node metastases in a high proportion of nude and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice after injection in the mammary fatpad. (nih.gov)
Mixing human breast cancer cells with normal fibroblasts or with Matrigel also increases the tumor incidence and growth rates in nude mice. (nih.gov)

Cells obtained from mammalian and microbial sources are widely used for the development and manufacturing of biotherapeutic products, such as recombinant proteins, antibodies and vaccines. (prnewswire.com)
R278.5 cells remain undifferentiated when grown on mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layers but differentiate or die in the absence of fibroblasts, despite the presence of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor. (pnas.org)
Frozen membranes from CHO-K1 cells expressing recombinant human 5-HT1A Serotonin receptors. (criver.com)

It was developed in parallel to the adrenal chromaffin cell model because of its extreme versatility for pharmacological manipulation, ease of culture, and the large amount of information on their proliferation and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
Cancer occurs when a somatic cell which normally cannot divide undergoes mutations which cause de-regulation of the normal cell cycle controls leading to uncontrolled proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
In iPS cells, duplications involved cell proliferation genes, and deletions involved tumor suppressor genes. (latimes.com)
however, little is known about the factors that regulate proliferation of these cells in human pancreas. (jci.org)
After expansion, transgenes were efficiently excised upon Cre expression, leading to an arrest of cell proliferation and pronounced enhancement of β cell-specific features such as insulin expression, content, and secretion. (jci.org)
shootin3 double mutation inhibited cell proliferation in the PLLP. (nature.com)

The nonhuman cell-surface sialic acid can compromise the potential uses of the stem cells in humans, say scientists at the University of California, San Diego. (wired.com)
Scientists were sceptical that so many lines exist and are concerned that access to a restricted number of stem cell lines might limit the quality of research. (newscientist.com)
But even scientists from the named institutes have raised doubts that all their lines are viable. (newscientist.com)
But there are tremendous opportunities, both scientifically and financially-huge amounts of funds potentially saved-if the majority of scientists authenticated their cell-lines. (genengnews.com)
Scientists still haven't figured out how to make sure most stem cells are safe, and won't develop into cancer once implanted in patients. (latimes.com)
Stem cell scientists at UC San Diego and the Scripps Research Institute used a high-resolution molecular technique called "single nucleotide polymorphism" (SNP) analysis to study stem cell lines. (latimes.com)
New method makes stem cells in about 30 minutes, scientists. (latimes.com)
In an advance touted as a way around the current political logjam, scientists report online in Nature this week that they have developed a method for deriving human embryonic stem cell lines without destroying an embryo. (sciencemag.org)
Charles River scientists have pioneered ion channel research for nearly 20 years, creating more than 120 functionally validated assays and cell lines. (criver.com)
Nov. 21 (UPI) -- Scientists have for the first time developed rapid cell lines for marine sponges, a largely untapped source of novel chemicals, many of which boast medicinal qualities. (upi.com)
Scientists bolstered the marine vertebrate cell cultures by growing cells in a unique amino acid-optimized nutrient medium. (upi.com)
Scientists can start using taxpayer dollars to do research with 13 batches of embryonic stem cells, and the government says dozens more cell lines should be available soon to open a new era for the potentially lifesaving field. (washingtontimes.com)
For hundreds of scientists, embryonic stem cell research takes a step into the present. (technologyreview.com)
That means that scientists with NIH grants can study embryonic stem cells derived using newer, more refined methods generally considered to be superior to the older ones. (technologyreview.com)
The 2001 decree forced scientists who wanted to create and use new stem cell lines, derived from leftover IVF embryos, to garner private funding. (technologyreview.com)
A team of scientists led by Dr. Dieter Egli at the New York Stem Cell Foundation (NYSCF) and Dr. Mark Sauer at Columbia University Medical Center, has created the first disease-specific embryonic stem cell line with two sets of chromosomes, using somatic cell nuclear transfer. (medindia.net)
As reported today in Nature , the scientists derived embryonic stem cells by adding the nuclei of adult skin cells to unfertilized donor oocytes using a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (medindia.net)

Several industry players are contributing to the production of GMP and non-GMP grade cell lines that are obtained from mammalian, microbial, insect-derived, avian, marine, reptilian and other sources. (prnewswire.com)
Mammalian cell lines, owing to their inherent high productivity and ability to produce complex biopharmaceuticals, are relatively more preferred. (prnewswire.com)

We deliver proof-of-concept of this technique by knocking out a regulator gene that controls the natural interferon-mediated host response in cells, using CRISPR-Cas9. (wur.nl)
These cells either constitutively or inducibly express a reporter gene (such as GFP or luciferase). (atcc.org)
This journal is part of the prestigious Nature Publishing Group and is the official journal of the American Society for Gene and Cell Therapy. (cnbc.com)
The Beacon platform* is ideally suited for cell line development, antibody discovery (including direct B-cell workflows), gene editing, and antibody engineering workflows. (prweb.com)
The Caov-3 cells harbor a nonsense mutation in the p53 gene, and have multiple copies of the ovarian cancer oncogene PIK3CA . (mskcc.org)
1992) Abnormal structure and expression of the p53 gene in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. (mskcc.org)
UCOE expression vectors contain the DNA sequences of housekeeping genes that increase transgene expression in eukaryotic cells by remodeling the surrounding chromatin, inducing a decondensed state-a prerequisite for efficient gene expression. (genengnews.com)
Beta cell genomics database provides searches and tools to explore detailed information about genes, transcripts, gene interactions, genomic regions, and beta cell related functional genomics studies. (bioontology.org)
Glenmark signs a full commercial license to utilize Horizon's gene edited CHO cell lines to be added to the former's biomanufacturing process. (outsourcing-pharma.com)
We create powerful cell line tools for applications such as pathway analysis or gene regulation assays. (horizondiscovery.com)

We offer in vivo efficacy studies of candidate oncology therapies in xenograft tumor models using human tumor cell lines. (jax.org)

The following information has been prepared to address the concerns of Catholic parents, physicians and clergy regarding the use of aborted fetal cell lines in vaccines. (archive.org)
Many opposing viewpoints have been raised on the morality of using vaccines, which are cultivated on aborted fetal cell lines. (archive.org)
This legislation requires that the pharmaceuticals provide full disclosure in the labeling of all products that use aborted fetal or embryonic cell lines, cloned or produced otherwise. (archive.org)
HEK 293 cells - derived from human fetal cells. (wikipedia.org)

the cells can be grown indefinitely in culture. (wikipedia.org)
Human embryonic stem cells are contaminated by this acid 'even when grown in special culture conditions with commercially available serum replacements, apparently because these are also derived from animal products,' said the lead researcher, Dr. Ajit Varki. (wired.com)
After considering starting cell culture of astrocytes does anyone have any comments as to the usefulness of bought cell lines such as the c6 glioma line? (bio.net)
from human cells maintained in culture. (utmb.edu)
Stem cells are harvested from young embryos and then multiplied in culture. (newscientist.com)
Thus, HaCaT and derived cell lines provide readily available cell culture models and might offer useful alternatives to primary or low-passaged normal keratinocytes. (springer.com)
The notice's guidelines, which become effective January 16, 2016, were discussed September 28-29 by various stakeholders at the NIH Workshop on Reproducibility and Cell Culture Studies. (genengnews.com)
Mycoplasma is a bacterial contaminant commonly found in cell culture. (mdanderson.org)
Mycoplasma are bacteria that do not contain a traditional cell membrane and can alter the metabolic characteristics of cells in culture negatively affecting experimental results. (mdanderson.org)
INTERSPECIFIC cell culture contamination has been detected several times by karyotypic and immunological procedures 1-3 . (nature.com)
These same measurements are of little value as detectors of intraspecific contamination, but polymorphic variants detectable at the cell culture level can be very useful for this purpose, A survey of twenty heteroploid human cell lines for glucose-6-phosphate de-hydrogenase (G6PD) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) electrophoretic polymorphisms revealed that all had the same G6PD and PGM phenotypes. (nature.com)
They then used the reverse toggled cells to develop a culture medium that would keep them in the naive state and create a stable cell line for study and research. (eurekalert.org)
These cells form tightly packed colonies in adherent culture. (mskcc.org)
The better monitoring and process control capability, compared to the shake flask culture, is a significant advantage and allows data on the cells' behaviour and product characteristics to be collected before larger bioreactor studies. (genengnews.com)
He's going to harvest stem cells, select and culture them and then do some testing to determine what type of stem cell it is and what it will do. (edheads.org)
Malme-3M is a malignant human melanoma cell line that displays fibroblast-like morphology and grows in mixed culture (adherent-suspension). (mskcc.org)
The Cell Line Ontology (CLO) is a community-based ontology in domain of biological cell lines with a focus on permanent cell lines from culture collections. (bioontology.org)
A cell line is a permanently established cell culture which proliferates indefinitely given fresh medium and space. (openpr.com)
3. Resuspend the cell pellet with 1 mL pre-warmed complete medium DMEM+10% FBS and dispense into a 25 cm 2 culture flask containing 10 mL pre-warmed complete complete medium DMEM+10% FBS. (abcam.com)
Upgrade your cell culture workflows with our password-protected, reliable, and lightweight pipette. (sartorius.com)

Ministers of E.U. member nations in July 2006 agreed to continue funding through 2013 certain human embryonic stem cell research projects but not activities that destroy embryos. (news-medical.net)
The announcement follows President Obama's executive order made last March, enabling government support for embryonic stem cell research. (technologyreview.com)

Learn more about cell cultures that have been deemed misidentified through routine STR analysis and cytogenetic studies. (atcc.org)
SNP analysis has not been a part of routine monitoring of human ES and iPS cell cultures, but our results suggest that perhaps it should be," Loring said. (latimes.com)
One of the obstacles to working with 3D cell cultures is how to extract meaningful data from them. (brighttalk.com)
The cell lines were given to several laboratories until we realized that a contamination with Vero cells in one of the cultures had occurred. (mdpi.com)
However, cell cultures are prone to contamination by foreign cells, which may rapidly displace the original cells. (nih.gov)
First, cultures derived from the latter often harbor undifferentiated cells that retain the potential to seed tumor growth. (ucsd.edu)

Due to the success of STRs for human identification, this method has been applied to many human cell lines used in research (Masters 2001, Lorenzi 2009), and these results are now available in public access databases of authenticated DNA profiles. (nist.gov)
But in order to prevent human embryos being destroyed while harvesting the cells, the funding is only available for lines of cells created before 9 August 2001. (newscientist.com)
The numbers mark a big change from the administration of President George W. Bush, which had limited government-financed research to about 21 stem cell lines, those in existence as of August 2001, when Mr. Bush issued his order. (washingtontimes.com)
Those were early days in the science of stem cell research, and much has been learned since then," said NIH director Francis Collins in a press conference on Wednesday, referring to the stem cell lines, created before 2001, that had previously been eligible for federal funding. (technologyreview.com)
That order overturned a previous one by President Bush in 2001, limiting federally-funded research to a set of existing cell lines. (technologyreview.com)

Stem cell research will receive less than $38 million of the European Union's $65 billion research budget for 2007 through 2013, according to Janez Potocnik, E.U. commissioner for science and research ( Kaiser Daily Women's Health Policy Report , 7/26/06). (news-medical.net)
The NYSCF laboratory is one of the few places in the world that pursues all types of stem cell research. (medindia.net)
Even though many people questioned the necessity of continuing our SCNT work, we felt it was critical to advance all types of stem-cell research in pursuit of cures. (medindia.net)

Between 18% and 36% of cell lines are either misidentified or cross-contaminated ( ICLAC misidentified cell line list and CCLC misidentified cell line list ). (mdanderson.org)

21:393-425 comment cells from the lung of a young male Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) The ECACC catalog 1993 (Hypercard stack for Macintosh computers) gives the following spec ECACC number 86041102 cell name V79 description hamster lung morphology fibroblast depositor Wynford-Thomas, U of Wales, College of Med. (bio.net)
Malme-3, a normal skin fibroblast cell line, isolated from the same patient as the Malme-3M melanoma cell line, is also available for licensing. (mskcc.org)

The Cancer Cell Line project is an opportunity for patients to contribute to research in a big way - a personal way. (leiomyosarcoma.info)
Many cell lines that are widely used for biomedical research have been contaminated and overgrown by other, more aggressive cells. (wikipedia.org)
The development of these STR markers, and collaboration with companies that can develop commercial tests from them, will help to establish reliability of cell lines used in research. (nist.gov)
A new research project that could impact and expand the discovery of new treatment options for sickle cell patients has received significant federal funding. (news-medical.net)
We eat animal products and drink milk all the time and get this acid into our cells, and yet we are not always suffering from raging autoimmune disease,' said Battey, who was not part of the research team. (wired.com)
But instead of settling the debate, the move has led to suggestions that some of the eligible lines could be useless for medical research. (newscientist.com)
Much of the federally funded research will be aimed at using them to replace diseased or damaged cells in people. (newscientist.com)
Evidence suggests that up to one-third of tumor cell lines being used in scientific research are affected by inter- or intraspecies cross-contamination or have been wrongly identified, thereby rendering many of the conclusions doubtful if not completely invalid. (atcc.org)
We offer a research line aimed to improve available cell lines to facilitate efficient growth of pathogens. (wur.nl)
Please feel free to contact the expert of our contract research organization (CRO) if you have a question concerning cell line development. (wur.nl)
As such, establishing a human cell line's identity through Short Tandem Repeat (STR) profiling has become essential in conducting valid, reproducible, impactful research. (atcc.org)
Documented authentic, contaminant-free cell lines should be used in research. (genengnews.com)
The B-Cell Lymphoma Moon Shot is revolutionizing the conventional medical research approach to rapidly translate findings into patient treatment options and develop personalized therapeutic strategies. (mdanderson.org)
Cell lines that have been extensively characterized at the DNA, RNA and protein levels will allow investigators to choose the correct cell line for their research. (mdanderson.org)
Potocnik in a release said the European Union has a "strict and transparent environment" for the use of embryonic stem cells in its research program. (news-medical.net)
There are 81 embryonic stem cell lines being used in E.U.-funded research (E.U. release , 3/29). (news-medical.net)
Useful research tool for the study of antigen processing and antigen presentation requirements of class I-restricted T cells. (nationaljewish.org)
Hybridomas expressing various combinations of gamma delta T cell receptors available as research tools. (nationaljewish.org)
While these "transgenic" cells are valuable research tools, the presence of the artificially introduced genes meant the cells will not develop as normal embryonic cells would nor could they be safely used to create tissues and organs for transplantation. (eurekalert.org)
While the "reverse toggled" cells are much easier to create and will prove valuable research tools, Ware said, the cells that were directly derived from embryos are the more important advance because they are more likely to behave, grow and develop as embryonic cells do in nature. (eurekalert.org)
This cell line may be licensed nonexclusively for research or commercial purposes. (mskcc.org)
Our research shows that cancer cell lines do capture the molecular alterations found in tumours, and so can be predictive of how a tumour will respond to a drug. (eurekalert.org)
These cell lines are fully validated using electrophysiology, stable (>25 passage) and licensed for drug discovery research. (bio-medicine.org)
The validity of conclusions drawn from research data is dependent on consistent and unequivocal verification of cell line identity and function. (brighttalk.com)
The Company's technology is expected to provide research, hospitals and pharma companies with the tools to rapidly isolate stem cells in quantity and quality allowing stem cell-based treatments and procedures in a wide variety of applications in regenerative medicine. (yahoo.com)
Using only the old lines is like "being required to use Microsoft Word 1998," says Jeanne Loring, director of the Center for Regenerative Medicine at the Scripps Research Institute, in La Jolla, CA. (technologyreview.com)
According to the New York Times , "Dr. Daley said that private financing had been drying up and that he was eager to start research on the now-approved cell lines with the help of his federal grant money. (technologyreview.com)
In a recently completed collaborative research project concerning the identification of circulating tumor cells, a two-step cell analysis method was applied. (fraunhofer.de)
Many advances in biomedical science have arisen from studies of cultured cell lines, which are widely used for basic research on cell function, as models for disease, and for drug screening. (nih.gov)
It's easier to create mature cell populations for research or therapeutic use. (ucsd.edu)
From the start, the goal of this work has been to make patient-specific stem cells from an adult human subject with type 1 diabetes that can give rise to the cells lost in the disease," said Dr. Egli, the NYSCF scientist who led the research and conducted many of the experiments. (medindia.net)
The research is the culmination of an effort begun in 2006 to make patient-specific embryonic stem cell lines from patients with type 1 diabetes. (medindia.net)
however, isolation of the cell nuclei from these skin biopsies could not be conducted in the federally funded laboratories at Columbia, necessitating a safe-haven laboratory to complete the research. (medindia.net)
NYSCF initially established its lab, now the largest independent stem cell laboratory in the nation, to serve as the site for this research. (medindia.net)
According to Fact.MR's research report on the global cell lines market, the market is anticipated to show a moderate growth rate during the forecasted period of 2017-2022 and expected to reflect a value of more than US$ 140 Mn. (openpr.com)
The main reason for this region being a lucrative region for cell lines market is the investment done in the research and development. (openpr.com)
The basic research segment by application is expected to dominate the global cell lines market by application and reflects a market share of 58.7% in 2017 and is expected to grow even further by the end of 2022. (openpr.com)

This makes PC12 cells useful as a model system for neuronal differentiation and neurosecretion. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, the recently described spontaneous cell line HaCaT exhibits a virtually normal growth and differentiation pattern when transferred to an in vivo environment (cell transplants on nude mouse). (springer.com)
While the differentiation potential was retained in these cells to a varying degree, showing no clear correlation to malignant properties, all tumorigenic clones (benign and malignant) had lower growth factor requirements and maintained growth even without serum. (springer.com)
Banks-Schlegel SP, Howley PM (1983) Differentiation of human epidermal cells transformed by SV40. (springer.com)
Boukamp P, Rupniak HTR, Fusenig NE (1985) Environmental modulation of the expression of differentiation and malignancy in six human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. (springer.com)
The balance between germ-line stem cell (GSC) self-renewal and differentiation in Drosophila ovaries is mediated by the antagonistic relationship between the Nanos (Nos)-Pumilio translational repressor complex, which promotes GSC self-renewal, and expression of Bam, a key differentiation factor. (pnas.org)
These findings emphasize the importance of translational repression in balancing stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. (pnas.org)
In the ovary of the adult fruit fly, somatically-derived cap cells form a niche that supports 2-3 germ-line cells by providing signals that prevent germ cell differentiation ( 2 - 4 ). (pnas.org)
CB) moves away from the niche, Dpp signaling declines, and bam is transcribed to initiate germ cell differentiation ( 2 - 4 ). (pnas.org)
Repression of Bam transcription is critical, because ectopic expression of bam in GSCs can induce differentiation and cause stem cell depletion ( 7 ). (pnas.org)
Loss of any one of several genes can cause GSCs to exit the niche, and undergo differentiation, forming a differentiating germ cell, and thus, depleting the supply of stem cells. (pnas.org)
Nos-Pum complexes are hypothesized to serve a similar role in GSCs to suppress translation of mRNAs that promote germ cell differentiation, but no targets have been identified to date. (pnas.org)
Progenitor cells are early descendants of stem cells, with more limited differentiation capacity. (ucsd.edu)
He said colleagues are also pursuing similar bioengineering-based approaches to generate other similar expandable progenitor cell populations capable of differentiation into mature cell types derived from other germ layers. (ucsd.edu)
LIF has the capacity to induce terminal differentiation in leukemic cells. (abcam.com)
Its activities include the induction of hematopoietic differentiation in normal and myeloid leukemia cells, the induction of neuronal cell differentiation, and the stimulation of acute-phase protein synthesis in hepatocytes. (abcam.com)

However, those stem cells were triploid, meaning they had three sets of chromosomes, and therefore could not be used for new therapies. (medindia.net)
The investigators overcame the final hurdle in making personalized stem cells that can be used to develop personalized cell therapies. (medindia.net)

A contrary view regarding expression of the serotonin pathway by PC12 cells was expressed by the investigators who first established this cell line. (wikipedia.org)
Details such as how well the cell lines divide and the molecular markers of their pluripotency will be provided - but only at the discretion of the investigators who derived the lines. (newscientist.com)
Our test also includes matching the STR profiles against an internal database comprised of public profiles and profiles that are unique to cell lines developed by MDACC investigators. (mdanderson.org)

The Biomek was integrated with a Cytomat 2C incubator (right), a microplate centrifuge (not shown), and a Vi-CELL XR Cell Viability analyzer (not shown). (beckman.com)

Here we describe a general diagnostic procedure for identification of cross-species contamination with the focus on Vero and Rousettus cell lines, and summarize newly discovered properties of the cell lines that may pertain to pathogen discovery. (mdpi.com)

In order to provoke malignant conversion HaCaT cells were transfected with mutated cellular Ha-ras (val-12). (springer.com)
3 month) and its dual composition (healthy and cancerous human tissues), OncoCilAir™ allows for the concurrent testing of the efficacy of drug candidates against malignant cells and their non-toxicity against healthy tissues. (brighttalk.com)

Does anybody know the full name of 'Somatic Cell Gen' and whether it is still in print? (bio.net)
however, this latest work demonstrates the first successful derivation by SCNT of diploid pluripotent stem cells from adult and neonatal somatic cells. (medindia.net)
I am thrilled to say we have accomplished our goal of creating patient-specific stem cells from diabetic patients using somatic cell nuclear transfer," said Susan L. Solomon, CEO and co-founder of NYSCF. (medindia.net)
Hybrid (both intra-species and inter-species) cell lines arise through intentional or nonintentional fusion of somatic cells having different origins. (intechopen.com)
Somatic cell hybrid cell lines (or more simply hybrid cell lines) are cell lines that arise through intentional or nonintentional fusion of somatic cells having different origins [ 2 ]. (intechopen.com)

It is hoped that by blocking the formation of new blood vessels through drugs that act on endothelial cells, it may be possible to block the growth of tumors (discussed in Chapter 23). (nih.gov)
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) occurs in the majority (~80%) of MCC tumors, and the persistent expression of MCPyV T-antigen oncoproteins is required for virus-positive (VP) tumor cells to proliferate. (medscape.com)
Sometimes when germ cells don't fully develop, they become tumors. (mainlinehealth.org)
Germ cell tumors may or may not be cancerous. (mainlinehealth.org)
Overall, germ cell tumors are rare. (mainlinehealth.org)
Most germ cell tumors occur in the ovaries and testicles, forming ovarian cancer or testicular cancer. (mainlinehealth.org)
However, germ cell tumors can also very rarely form in other parts of your body, such as the brain or spine. (mainlinehealth.org)
What are the symptoms of germ cell tumors? (mainlinehealth.org)
Germ cell tumors may cause symptoms in children and young adults. (mainlinehealth.org)
How are germ cell tumors treated? (mainlinehealth.org)
Germ cell tumors tend to respond well to treatments. (mainlinehealth.org)
If germ cell tumors are cancerous, surgery is often followed by chemotherapy , which uses medicines to kill cancer cells. (mainlinehealth.org)

Their embryological origin with neuroblastic cells means they can easily differentiate into neuron-like cells even though they are not considered adult neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are adult cells that have been reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like state. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) can become any type of cell in the adult body, offering great potential in disease modeling, drug discovery and creating replacement cells for conditions ranging from cardiovascular to Alzheimer's disease. (ucsd.edu)
Embryonic stem cells were created from one adult donor with type 1 diabetes and a healthy control. (medindia.net)

Immortalised cell lines can also be cloned giving rise to a clonal population which can, in turn, be propagated indefinitely. (wikipedia.org)
PC12 is a clonal line of rat pheochromocytoma (7). (springer.com)
Howard B.D., Melega W.P. (1981) Acetylcholine Metabolism in PC12, A Clonal Cell Line on Secretory Cells. (springer.com)
To enrich the population of cells secreting IgG prior to clonal expansion, CHO cells were counted on an integrated Vi-CELL XR and 1,800 cells were dispensed to 22mL semi-solid CloneMedia CHO Growth A medium containing a 1:100 dilution of CloneDetect reagent (Molecular Devices). (beckman.com)

But not all of the lines included on the NIH list have been shown to be able to divide indefinitely, or to be pluripotent - that is, able to develop into many different tissues. (newscientist.com)
People have pinned a lot of hopes on pluripotent stem cells -- which, because of their amazing capacity to morph into other types of cells, have been touted as a potential source for replacement tissues that might someday help reverse spinal cord injuries, Alzheimer's disease, and even the damage caused by heart attacks. (latimes.com)
By reprograming cells to a pluripotent state and making beta cells, we are now one step closer to being able to treat diabetic patients with their own insulin-producing cells. (medindia.net)

Cell lines are cells from multicellular organisms that are programmed to divide indefinitely. (upi.com)

The rapid progression of biological drug candidates through various phases of development, coupled with the growing demand of cell lines for other applications, presents significant opportunities to cell line development service providers. (prnewswire.com)
The 'Cell Line Development Services Market, 2017 - 2027' report provides an extensive study of the rapidly growing market of cell lines. (prnewswire.com)
High yielding cell lines, capable of producing top quality biopharmaceuticals, help in significantly reducing development and manufacturing costs. (prnewswire.com)
Hence, several companies have designed and developed innovative systems / technologies / proprietary manufacturing processes in order to optimize manufacturing costs and production timelines of the overall cell line development process. (prnewswire.com)
This study presents an in-depth analysis of companies that are actively involved in providing cell line development services. (prnewswire.com)
An immortalised cell line should not be confused with stem cells, which can also divide indefinitely, but form a normal part of the development of a multicellular organism. (wikipedia.org)
Stem cells form very early in an embryo's development. (wired.com)
Improve the overall efficiency and speed of cell line and media development by 90% with the unique ambr15 automated multi-parallel minibioreactor. (sartorius.com)
The article describes the development of the Melligen cell line and notes that it was developed from human liver cells. (cnbc.com)
Numerous tests were done during the various stages of the development process and studies were carried out to show that Melligen cells secreted insulin in response to physiological concentrations of glucose (blood sugar). (cnbc.com)
It is anticipated that Prof. Simpson will play a major role in the development of our treatment for insulin-dependent diabetes that consists of Melligen cells encapsulated using the Cell-in-a-Box ® technology. (cnbc.com)
He added, "Implementing the Beacon platform for cell line development has the potential to significantly accelerate our customers' development timelines and bring more transformational biologic therapeutics to patients. (prweb.com)
To learn more about the Beacon Cell Line Development (CLD) Workflow, visit https://www.berkeleylights.com/beacon-applications/cell-line-development . (prweb.com)
The cells, called naïve embryonic stem cells, normally appear at the earliest stages of embryonic development and so retain the ability to differentiate in all the different types of cells of the human body -- a capacity called pluripotency. (eurekalert.org)
The optimal development of cell lines to provide protein-based medicines for applications targeting diseases in humans is essential for increased efficiency and lowering final cost of goods. (genengnews.com)
Importantly, UCOE technology enables rapid isolation of high-expressing clones-a key obstacle to cell-line development. (genengnews.com)
Utilising an automated plate-handling robotic system (Cello™, from TAP Biosystems) for cell-line development enables large-scale, rapid clone selection based on factors such as number of clones per well, clone size, and shape. (genengnews.com)
Alligator Bioscience, Algeta, and KAHR Medical are all leveraging aspects of some or all of these technologies for cell-line development. (genengnews.com)
Cell line development (CLD) too requires a harmonious interplay between many disparate elements. (the-scientist.com)
Cell line development is one of many workflows that has significant data challenges. (beckman.com)
Automation can help ensure accurate data tracking throughout a lengthy workflow, such as the monthslong multi-step cell line development workflow (Figure 1). (beckman.com)
Here we describe how automating cell line development on a Biomek i7 Workstation (Figure 3) overcame the many data challenges associated with this workflow. (beckman.com)
Cell line development is a highly-involved, multi-week workflow that involves the plating, screening, and expansion of single cell-derived clones to establish a proteinexpression cell line. (beckman.com)
Automating the cell line development process on the Biomek i7 Automated Workstation enabled us to meet the throughput needed for the workflow while minimizing the manual errors that lead to costly rework. (beckman.com)
The cell line development process begins with transfecting cells (e.g. (beckman.com)
We understand that cell line development involves multiple, complex processes requiring consistency and reproducible results. (thermofisher.com)
That's why Gibco products are designed to provide you with integrated stable cell line development solutions to simplify your development workflow and accelerate your processes to commercial manufacture. (thermofisher.com)
All Gibco CHO cell line development products are cGMP compliant, with no need to source components or develop vectors, allowing you to focus on moving your workflow from cell line to process development. (thermofisher.com)
Have our expert process science staff assist with your vector construction and development of customized transient and stable cell lines. (thermofisher.com)
Dr. Shai Yarkoni, Cellect CEO commented: "We believe the development for industrialization of the Apotainer™ represents a breakthrough in meeting the rapidly growing demand for stem cells as a raw material. (yahoo.com)
The latest development at Cobra Golf is the BiO Cell, and the company has built an entire line of clubs around this advance. (pga.com)
In zebrafish, shootin1 and shootin3 are expressed in the posterior lateral line primordium (PLLP) and neuromasts during embryonic development. (nature.com)
Moreover, the region is also characterized by a high technological background, and this elevates new paradigms for cell line development in the region and hence the market. (openpr.com)
Currently, electrically induced cell fusion is also being used to develop cancer cells with increased immunogenicity by fusion with dendritic cells for development of anti-tumor vaccines [ 14 , 15 ]. (intechopen.com)

Head and neck cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) account for the majority of these cases. (news-medical.net)
The derived cell clones could be classified according to their growth properties in vivo into one (1) non-tumorigenic (growing as surface epithelia) and two tumorigenic groups, forming either (2) benign cysts or (3) well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. (springer.com)

As a bi-institutional facility the Antibody and Bioresource Core Facility distributes cell lines developed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and The Rockefeller University. (rockefeller.edu)

Here, we find that Bam and Nos proteins are expressed in reciprocal patterns in young germ cells. (pnas.org)
The BMP-like proteins Dpp and Gbb are the most important signaling ligands in the niche ( 2 , 5 ), and act through a classical Smad pathway in germ cells. (pnas.org)
A germ layer is a primary layer of cells that form during embryogenesis. (ucsd.edu)
Willert noted that the progenitor cells developed are likely capable of differentiating into other cell types of the intermediate mesodermal lineage as well, most notably the germ line to generate eggs and sperm in a dish. (ucsd.edu)
Germ cells are the cells in your body that are used for reproduction. (mainlinehealth.org)
In women, germ cells form the eggs in the ovaries. (mainlinehealth.org)
In men, germ cells form the sperm in the testicles. (mainlinehealth.org)
Fusion of cells occurs normally in vivo, such as of muscle cells, bone cells, macrophages, during fertilization of germ cells, and in placenta formation [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)

We have experience with a range of common tumor cell lines and have the capability to use customer provided cancer cell lines for in vivo studies. (jax.org)

The work is controversial because the cells are taken from days-old embryos, which then die. (wired.com)
Then having worked out how to maintain the cells in the naive state, Ware and her colleagues harvested naive cells directly from donated human embryos and cultured them in the maintenance medium to see if they could create a stable cell line that had not undergone reverse toggling. (eurekalert.org)
All the stem cell lines involved in Wednesday's announcement were created with private money from cells left over by fertility clinics, embryos that otherwise would have been thrown away. (washingtontimes.com)

PC12 cells stop dividing and terminally differentiate when treated with nerve growth factor or dexamethasone. (wikipedia.org)
Third, because progenitor cells are limited in what kind of cell they can be, they are less likely than stem cells to differentiate into an unwanted cell type. (ucsd.edu)
We have only characterized their potential to differentiate into cells that contribute to the kidney. (ucsd.edu)

An immortalised cell line is a population of cells from a multicellular organism which would normally not proliferate indefinitely but, due to mutation, have evaded normal cellular senescence and instead can keep undergoing division. (wikipedia.org)
It was shown that in cells with this mutation, viral yield increased compared to the wild type cells. (wur.nl)
HAP1 cell line, edited by CRISPR/Cas to contain a frameshift mutation in a coding exon of ZZEF1. (horizondiscovery.com)

In ES cells, the duplications were near pluripotency-associated genes -- the ones that allow the cells to turn into any other kind of cell in the body. (latimes.com)
In an article, Ware and her colleagues from the UW Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine describe how they successfully created a line of naive human embryonic stem cells without introducing an artificial set of genes. (eurekalert.org)
It has to do with the genetics of the original embryo and probably also with the recipe used to create and nurture the stem cells, an environment that can trigger genes to switch on and off at different times, explained Dr. Daley, who has government funding to study those important differences. (washingtontimes.com)
Laser vapors can contain infectious viruses, viral genes, or viable cells and may promote the spread of infections or tumor cell dissemination in labs. (greenmedinfo.com)

1985) Comparative properties of five human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines. (mskcc.org)

Numerous examples have been documented [ 21 ], including a case where a patient-derived xenograft model underwent spontaneous fusion with normal mouse stromal cells, forming a hybrid cell that was more tumorigenic than the parental lines [ 22 ]. (intechopen.com)

Anatomy34

Organisms12

Diseases36

Chemicals and Drugs75

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment39

Phenomena and Processes64

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Classification of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. (1/147095)

The effects of estrogens and antiestrogens on hormone-responsive human breast cancer in long-term tissue culture. (2/147095)

The effects of glucocorticoids and progesterone on hormone-responsive human breast cancer in long-term tissue culture. (3/147095)

The effects of androgens and antiandrogens on hormone-responsive human breast cancer in long-term tissue culture. (4/147095)

Association of snRNA genes with coiled bodies is mediated by nascent snRNA transcripts. (5/147095)

High-throughput screening of small molecules in miniaturized mammalian cell-based assays involving post-translational modifications. (6/147095)

Unsaturated fatty acid requirements for growth and survival of a rat mammary tumor cell line. (7/147095)

Vasopressin stimulation of acetate incorporation into lipids in a dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumor cell line. (8/147095)

Cell Line

Cell Line, Tumor

Cell Line, Transformed

Tumor Cells, Cultured

RNA, Messenger

Transfection

Molecular Sequence Data

Base Sequence

Apoptosis

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

Cell Survival

Cell Proliferation

Antineoplastic Agents

Blotting, Western

Cell Division

Mice, Nude

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Gene Expression

Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor

Signal Transduction

Neoplasm Proteins

Promoter Regions, Genetic

Transcription, Genetic

Cells, Cultured

Cell Differentiation

Drug Resistance, Neoplasm

Flow Cytometry

Neoplasm Transplantation

Mutation

Gene Expression Regulation

L Cells (Cell Line)

Amino Acid Sequence

Cricetinae

Drug Resistance

Breast Neoplasms

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Clone Cells

Down-Regulation

Epithelial Cells

Colonic Neoplasms

DNA-Binding Proteins

DNA, Neoplasm

Lung Neoplasms

Phenotype

Antibodies, Monoclonal

DNA

RNA, Small Interfering

Blotting, Northern

Karyotyping

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Neuroblastoma

Phosphorylation

Transcription Factors

Melanoma

Transplantation, Heterologous

Kinetics

Recombinant Proteins

RNA, Neoplasm

Gene Expression Profiling

DNA Primers

Cell Cycle

Cloning, Molecular

Genetic Vectors

Fibroblasts

HeLa Cells

Immunohistochemistry

Cell Transformation, Viral

Proto-Oncogene Proteins

Up-Regulation

Time Factors

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Drug Synergism

Adenocarcinoma

Inhibitory Concentration 50

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Burkitt Lymphoma

B-Lymphocytes

Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Enzyme Inhibitors