Cell degranulation. Medical search

The process of losing secretory granules (SECRETORY VESICLES). This occurs, for example, in mast cells, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, and platelets when secretory products are released from the granules by EXOCYTOSIS.

Granulated cells that are found in almost all tissues, most abundantly in the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Like the BASOPHILS, mast cells contain large amounts of HISTAMINE and HEPARIN. Unlike basophils, mast cells normally remain in the tissues and do not circulate in the blood. Mast cells, derived from the bone marrow stem cells, are regulated by the STEM CELL FACTOR.

A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.

The secretion of histamine from mast cell and basophil granules by exocytosis. This can be initiated by a number of factors, all of which involve binding of IgE, cross-linked by antigen, to the mast cell or basophil's Fc receptors. Once released, histamine binds to a number of different target cell receptors and exerts a wide variety of effects.

An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.

An evanescent cutaneous reaction occurring when antibody is injected into a local area on the skin and antigen is subsequently injected intravenously along with a dye. The dye makes the rapidly occurring capillary dilatation and increased vascular permeability readily visible by leakage into the reaction site. PCA is a sensitive reaction for detecting very small quantities of antibodies and is also a method for studying the mechanisms of immediate hypersensitivity.

Specific molecular sites on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes which combine with IgEs. Two subclasses exist: low affinity receptors (Fc epsilon RII) and high affinity receptors (Fc epsilon RI).

An immunoglobulin associated with MAST CELLS. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

A hexosaminidase specific for non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminides. It acts on GLUCOSIDES; GALACTOSIDES; and several OLIGOSACCHARIDES. Two specific mammalian isoenzymes of beta-N-acetylhexoaminidase are referred to as HEXOSAMINIDASE A and HEXOSAMINIDASE B. Deficiency of the type A isoenzyme causes TAY-SACHS DISEASE, while deficiency of both A and B isozymes causes SANDHOFF DISEASE. The enzyme has also been used as a tumor marker to distinguish between malignant and benign disease.

A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.

Condensed areas of cellular material that may be bounded by a membrane.

An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.

A family of neutral serine proteases with TRYPSIN-like activity. Tryptases are primarily found in the SECRETORY GRANULES of MAST CELLS and are released during mast cell degranulation.

A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.

Agents that are used to treat allergic reactions. Most of these drugs act by preventing the release of inflammatory mediators or inhibiting the actions of released mediators on their target cells. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p475)

Granular leukocytes characterized by a relatively pale-staining, lobate nucleus and cytoplasm containing coarse dark-staining granules of variable size and stainable by basic dyes.

An in vitro test used in the diagnosis of allergies including drug hypersensitivity. The allergen is added to the patient's white blood cells and the subsequent histamine release is measured.

The smaller fragment generated from the cleavage of complement C3 by C3 CONVERTASE. C3a, a 77-amino acid peptide, is a mediator of local inflammatory process. It induces smooth MUSCLE CONTRACTION, and HISTAMINE RELEASE from MAST CELLS and LEUKOCYTES. C3a is considered an anaphylatoxin along with COMPLEMENT C4A; COMPLEMENT C5A; and COMPLEMENT C5A, DES-ARGININE.

Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.

A family of neutral serine proteases with CHYMOTRYPSIN-like activity. Chymases are primarily found in the SECRETORY GRANULES of MAST CELLS and are released during mast cell degranulation.

A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists. Classical antihistaminics block the histamine H1 receptors only.

Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.

Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin.

The property of blood capillary ENDOTHELIUM that allows for the selective exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues and through membranous barriers such as the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER; BLOOD-AQUEOUS BARRIER; BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER; BLOOD-NERVE BARRIER; BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER; and BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER. Small lipid-soluble molecules such as carbon dioxide and oxygen move freely by diffusion. Water and water-soluble molecules cannot pass through the endothelial walls and are dependent on microscopic pores. These pores show narrow areas (TIGHT JUNCTIONS) which may limit large molecule movement.

Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.

A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.

A family of soil bacteria. It also includes some parasitic forms.

The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins.

A subtype of prostaglandin E receptors that specifically couples to GTP-BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA SUBUNIT, GQ and the subsequently activates TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. Additional evidence has shown that the receptor can act through a calcium-dependent signaling pathway.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of PAIN, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses.

Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens.

A subtype of prostaglandin E receptors that specifically couples to GTP-BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA SUBUNIT, GI and subsequently inhibits ADENYLYL CYCLASES.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.

Cellular release of material within membrane-limited vesicles by fusion of the vesicles with the CELL MEMBRANE.

A phosphoinositide phospholipase C subtype that is primarily regulated by PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES. It is structurally related to PHOSPHOLIPASE C DELTA with the addition of SRC HOMOLOGY DOMAINS and pleckstrin homology domains located between two halves of the CATALYTIC DOMAIN.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Any inflammation of the skin.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Antibodies, especially IGE, that bind to tissue of the same species so that ANTIGENS induce release of HISTAMINE and other vasoactive agents. HYPERSENSITIVITY is the clinical manifestation.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

A heterogenous group of disorders characterized by the abnormal increase of MAST CELLS in only the skin (MASTOCYTOSIS, CUTANEOUS), in extracutaneous tissues involving multiple organs (MASTOCYTOSIS, SYSTEMIC), or in solid tumors (MASTOCYTOMA).

A 66-kDa peroxidase found in EOSINOPHIL granules. Eosinophil peroxidase is a cationic protein with a pI of 10.8 and is comprised of a heavy chain subunit and a light chain subunit. It possesses cytotoxic activity towards BACTERIA and other organisms, which is attributed to its peroxidase activity.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Cell surface proteins that bind neurotensin with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Neurotensin and neurotensin receptors are found in the central nervous system and in the periphery.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

Hypersensitivity reactions which occur within minutes of exposure to challenging antigen due to the release of histamine which follows the antigen-antibody reaction and causes smooth muscle contraction and increased vascular permeability.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Specific molecular sites on the surface of various cells, including B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that combine with IMMUNOGLOBULIN Gs. Three subclasses exist: Fc gamma RI (the CD64 antigen, a low affinity receptor), Fc gamma RII (the CD32 antigen, a high affinity receptor), and Fc gamma RIII (the CD16 antigen, a low affinity receptor).

The space enclosed by the peritoneum. It is divided into two portions, the greater sac and the lesser sac or omental bursa, which lies behind the STOMACH. The two sacs are connected by the foramen of Winslow, or epiploic foramen.

An abundant lysosomal-associated membrane protein that has been found to shuttle between LYSOSOMES; ENDOSOMES; and the PLASMA MEMBRANE. In PLATELETS and T-LYMPHOCYTES it may play a role in the cellular degranulation process.

A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The diffusion or accumulation of neutrophils in tissues or cells in response to a wide variety of substances released at the sites of inflammatory reactions.

A G-protein-coupled, proteinase-activated receptor that is expressed in a variety of tissues including ENDOTHELIUM; LEUKOCYTES; and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. The receptor is activated by TRYPSIN, which cleaves off the N-terminal peptide from the receptor. The new N-terminal peptide is a cryptic ligand for the receptor. The uncleaved receptor can also be activated by the N-terminal peptide present on the activated THROMBIN RECEPTOR and by small synthetic peptides that contain the unmasked N-terminal sequence.

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS supplying the abdominal VISCERA.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis.

A subtype of prostaglandin E receptors that specifically couples to GS ALPHA GTP-BINDING PROTEIN SUBUNITS and subsequently activates ADENYLYL CYCLASES.

Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Ubiquitously-expressed tetraspanin proteins that are found in late ENDOSOMES and LYSOSOMES and have been implicated in intracellular transport of proteins.

A rare acute myeloid leukemia in which the primary differentiation is to BASOPHILS. It is characterized by an extreme increase of immature basophilic granulated cells in the bone marrow and blood. Mature basophils are usually sparse.

Exogenous or endogenous compounds which inhibit SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Mice bearing mutant genes which are phenotypically expressed in the animals.

Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

The process in which the neutrophil is stimulated by diverse substances, resulting in degranulation and/or generation of reactive oxygen products, and culminating in the destruction of invading pathogens. The stimulatory substances, including opsonized particles, immune complexes, and chemotactic factors, bind to specific cell-surface receptors on the neutrophil.

The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (AUTACOIDS) and related exogenous compounds including the synthetic prostaglandins (PROSTAGLANDINS, SYNTHETIC).

An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

A group of hydrolases which catalyze the hydrolysis of monophosphoric esters with the production of one mole of orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes induce mast cell activation and cytokine release. (1/1340)

The Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, is introduced into human hosts via tick bites. Among the cell types present in the skin which may initially contact spirochetes are mast cells. Since spirochetes are known to activate a variety of cell types in vitro, we tested whether B. burgdorferi spirochetes could activate mast cells. We report here that freshly isolated rat peritoneal mast cells or mouse MC/9 mast cells cultured in vitro with live or freeze-thawed B. burgdorferi spirochetes undergo low but detectable degranulation, as measured by [5-3H] hydroxytryptamine release, and they synthesize and secrete the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). In contrast to findings in previous studies, where B. burgdorferi-associated activity was shown to be dependent upon protein lipidation, mast cell TNF-alpha release was not induced by either lipidated or unlipidated recombinant OspA. This activity was additionally shown to be protease sensitive and surface expressed. Finally, comparisons of TNF-alpha-inducing activity in known low-, intermediate-, and high-passage B. burgdorferi B31 isolates demonstrated passage-dependent loss of activity, indicating that the activity is probably plasmid encoded. These findings document the presence in low-passage B. burgdorferi spirochetes of a novel lipidation-independent activity capable of inducing cytokine release from host cells. (+info)

Potent mast cell degranulation and vascular permeability triggered by urocortin through activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors. (2/1340)

Urocortin (Ucn) is related to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and both are released in the brain under stress where they stimulate CRH 1 and 2 receptors (CRHR). Outside the brain, they may have proinflammatory actions through activation of mast cells, which are located perivascularly close to nerve endings and degranulate in response to acute psychological stress. Here, we report that a concentration of intradermal Ucn as low as 10 nM induced dose-dependent rat skin mast cell degranulation and increased vascular permeability. This effect appeared to be equipotent to that of calcitonin gene-related peptide and neurotensin. Ucn-induced skin vasodilation was inhibited by pretreatment with the mast cell stabilizer disodium cromoglycate (cromolyn) and was absent in the mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice. The selective nonpeptide CRH receptor 1 antagonist, antalarmin and the nonselective peptide antagonist astressin both reduced vascular permeability triggered by Ucn but not that by Substance P or histamine. In contrast, the peptide antagonist alpha-helical CRH-(9-41) reduced the effect of all three. The vasodilatory effect of Ucn was largely inhibited by pretreatment with H1 receptor antagonists, suggesting that histamine is the major mediator involved in vitro. Neuropeptide depletion of sensory neurons, treatment with the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium, or in situ skin infiltration with the local anesthetic lidocaine did not affect Ucn-induced vascular permeability, indicating that its in situ effect was not mediated through the peripheral nervous system. These results indicate that Ucn is one of the most potent triggers of rat mast cell degranulation and skin vascular permeability. This effect of Ucn may explain stress-induced disorders, such as atopic dermatitis or psoriasis, and may lead to new forms of treatment. (+info)

A functional granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor is required for normal chemoattractant-induced neutrophil activation. (3/1340)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is widely used to treat neutropenia. In addition to stimulating polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) production, G-CSF may have significant effects on PMN function. Because G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR)-deficient mice do not have the expected neutrophilia after administration of human interleukin-8 (IL-8), we examined the effect of the loss of G-CSFR on IL-8-stimulated PMN function. Compared with wild-type PMNs, PMNs isolated from G-CSFR-deficient mice demonstrated markedly decreased chemotaxis to IL-8. PMN emigration into the skin of G-CSFR-deficient mice in response to IL-8 was also impaired. Significant chemotaxis defects were also seen in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, zymosan-activated serum, or macrophage inflammatory protein-2. The defective chemotactic response to IL-8 does not appear to be due to impaired chemoattractant receptor function, as the number of IL-8 receptors and chemoattractant-induced calcium influx, actin polymerization, and release of gelatinase B were comparable to those of wild-type PMNs. Chemoattractant-induced adhesion of G-CSFR-deficient PMNs was significantly impaired, suggesting a defect in beta2-integrin activation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that selective defects in PMN activation are present in G-CSFR-deficient mice and indicate that G-CSF plays an important role in regulating PMN chemokine responsiveness. (+info)

Neurotensin is a proinflammatory neuropeptide in colonic inflammation. (4/1340)

The neuropeptide neurotensin mediates several intestinal functions, including chloride secretion, motility, and cellular growth. However, whether this peptide participates in intestinal inflammation is not known. Toxin A, an enterotoxin from Clostridium difficile, mediates pseudomembranous colitis in humans. In animal models, toxin A causes an acute inflammatory response characterized by activation of sensory neurons and intestinal nerves and immune cells of the lamina propria. Here we show that neurotensin and its receptor are elevated in the rat colonic mucosa following toxin A administration. Pretreatment of rats with the neurotensin receptor antagonist SR-48, 692 inhibits toxin A-induced changes in colonic secretion, mucosal permeability, and histologic damage. Exposure of colonic explants to toxin A or neurotensin causes mast cell degranulation, which is inhibited by SR-48,692. Because substance P was previously shown to mediate mast cell activation, we examined whether substance P is involved in neurotensin-induced mast cell degranulation. Our results show that neurotensin-induced mast cell degranulation in colonic explants is inhibited by the substance P (neurokinin-1) receptor antagonist CP-96,345, indicating that colonic mast activation in response to neurotensin involves release of substance P. We conclude that neurotensin plays a key role in the pathogenesis of C. difficile-induced colonic inflammation and mast cell activation. (+info)

Mucosal mast cell secretion processes imaged using three-photon microscopy of 5-hydroxytryptamine autofluorescence. (5/1340)

The secretion process of the mucosal mast cell line RBL-2H3 was imaged using infrared three photon excitation (3PE) of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) autofluorescence, a measurement previously difficult because of the technical intractability of deep UV optics. Images of prestimulation 5-HT distributions were analyzed in loaded cell populations (those incubated in a 5-HT-rich medium overnight) and in unloaded populations and were found to be strictly quantifiable by comparison with bulk population high-performance liquid chromatography measurements. Antigenically stimulated cells were observed to characteristically ruffle and spread as granular 5-HT disappeared with no detectable granule movement. Individual cells exhibited highly heterogeneous release kinetics, often with quasi-periodic bursts. Neighboring granule disappearances were correlated, indicative of either spatially localized signaling or granule-granule interactions. In one-half of the granule release events, weak residual fluorescence was visible suggestive of leftover 5-HT still bound to the granule matrix. The terminal stages of secretion (>300 s) consisted primarily of unresolved granules and remainder 5-HT leakage from already released granules. (+info)

Tracking single secretory granules in live chromaffin cells by evanescent-field fluorescence microscopy. (6/1340)

We have observed secretory granules beneath the plasma membrane of chromaffin cells. Using evanescent-field excitation by epiillumination, we have illuminated a thin layer of cytosol where cells adhere to glass coverslips. Up to 600 frames could be recorded at diffraction-limited resolution without appreciable photodynamic damage. We localized single granules with an uncertainty of approximately 30 nm and tracked their motion in three dimensions. Granules in resting cells wander randomly as if imprisoned in a cage that leaves approximately 70 nm space around a granule. The "cage" itself moves only slowly (D = 2 x 10(-12) cm2/s). Rarely do granules arrive at or depart from the plasma membrane of resting cells. Stimulation increases lateral motion only slightly. After the plasma membrane has been depleted of granules by exocytosis, fresh granules can be seen to approach it at an angle. The method will be useful for exploring the molecular steps preceding exocytosis at the level of single granules. (+info)

LXA4, aspirin-triggered 15-epi-LXA4, and their analogs selectively downregulate PMN azurophilic degranulation. (7/1340)

The eicosanoid lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is biosynthesized in vivo by cells present at inflammatory sites and appears to be an endogenous anti-inflammatory mediator. Further, in the presence of aspirin, the 15-epimer of LXA4 (15-epi-LXA4) is biosynthesized and may mediate some of aspirin's desirable bioactions. LXA4, 15-epi-LXA4, and their stable analogs inhibit inflammation in established animal models, indicating that these compounds may be useful for treating inflammatory disease states. To investigate the cellular mechanisms by which these lipid mediators downregulate inflammation, we investigated whether these eicosanoids could influence receptor-mediated degranulation of human neutrophils, an event thought to play a major causative role in several inflammatory disease states. LXA4, 15-epi-LXA4, and their stable analogs potently (IC50 < 1 nM) and selectively downregulated neutrophil release of azurophilic granule contents but did not affect other neutrophil secretory functions. Thus the cellular basis of action of these natural off-switches to inflammation appears to involve downregulation of neutrophil azurophilic granule release. (+info)

Nerve growth factor modifies the expression of inflammatory cytokines by mast cells via a prostanoid-dependent mechanism. (8/1340)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is well recognized to have a number of potent effects on mast cells, including increasing mast cell numbers in vivo and inducing mast cell degranulation in vitro. More recently, NGF has been demonstrated to induce PGD2 production by mast cells through the induction of mast cell cyclooxygenase expression. We have observed that NGF at doses as low as 10 ng/ml will induce IL-6 production and inhibit TNF-alpha release from rat peritoneal mast cells in the presence of lysophosphatidylserine as a cofactor. NGF synergizes with LPS treatment of peritoneal mast cells (PMC) for the induction of IL-6. Examination of the mechanism of this phenomenon has revealed that NGF can induce both rat PMC and mouse bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells to produce substantial levels of PGE2. This response is maximal at later time points 18-24 h after NGF activation. The ability of NGF to induce PGE2 is not dependent on mast cell degranulation. Other stimuli capable of inducing IL-6, such as LPS, do not induce production of this prostanoid. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity by PMC using either flurbiprofen or indomethacin inhibited both the NGF-induced PGE2 synthesis and the NGF-induced alterations in TNF-alpha and IL-6 production. These results suggest a role for mast cell-derived prostanoids in the regulation of local inflammatory responses and neuronal degeneration after tissue injury involving induction of NGF production. (+info)

It enhances B cell immunoglobulin production and proliferation. OPN also induces mast cell degranulation. IgE-mediated ... February 2008). "Osteopontin is produced by mast cells and affects IgE-mediated degranulation and migration of mast cells". ... These integrin receptors are present on a number of immune cells such as mast cells, neutrophils, and T cells. It is also ... OPN blocks the activation-induced cell death of macrophages and T cells as well as fibroblasts and endothelial cells exposed to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteopontin

... degranulation of mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils; and other processes). In a new development in the field of antibody- ... The fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) is the tail region of an antibody that interacts with cell surface receptors ... The Fc region is, therefore, sometimes incorrectly termed the "fragment constant region". Fc binds to various cell receptors ... In this way, it mediates different physiological effects of antibodies (detection of opsonized particles; cell lysis; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragment_crystallizable_region

... as occurs in necrotic cell death. Extracellular ATP triggers mast cell degranulation by signaling through P2X7 receptors. ... are molecules within cells that are a component of the innate immune response released from damaged or dying cells due to ... and it can lead to increased expression of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) on endothelial cells. DNA and RNA: The ... doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.011. PMC 4056765. PMID 24679531. Bernard JJ, Cowing-Zitron C, Nakatsuji T, Muehleisen B, Muto J, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damage-associated_molecular_pattern

It inhibits the degranulation of mast cells. It has a quinidine-like anti-arrhythmic effect. It has vasodilatory properties and ... Tetrandrine has also been shown to inhibit entry of Ebola virus into host cells in vitro and showed therapeutic efficacy ... "The study of anti-tumor effect of Tetrandrine combined with Nedaplatin on human liver cancer cell line 7402". Zhong Yao Cai = ... "Two-pore channels control Ebola virus host cell entry and are drug targets for disease treatment". Science. 347 (6225): 995-998 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrandrine

Wareham KJ, Seward EP (June 2016). "P2X7 receptors induce degranulation in human mast cells". Purinergic Signalling. 12 (2): ... On T cells activation of P2X7 receptors can activate the T cells or cause T cell differentiation, can affect T cell migration ... Boison D, Chen JF, Fredholm BB (July 2010). "Adenosine signaling and function in glial cells". Cell Death and Differentiation. ... mast cell degranulation, and inflammation. The P2X7 subunits can form homomeric receptors only with a typical P2X receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P2RX7

Klein, Ofir; Sagi-Eisenberg, Ronit (2019-03-18). "Anaphylactic Degranulation of Mast Cells: Focus on Compound Exocytosis". ... mainly T helper 2 cells (Th2 cells), B cells and mast cells. In a nut shell, as a stimulus, such as an allergen comes into ... where T cells interact with dendritic cells, the dendritic cells will present a specific antigen from the allergen to Th2 cells ... another type of immune cell to differentiate intoallergen-specific memory B cells and plasma cells. The plasma cells will then ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma_trigger

The histamine releasing function of MCD peptide, at low concentrations, causes the degranulation of mast cell , and shows anti- ... For its immunotoxic properties, a low concentration of MCD peptide can cause mast cell degranulation by releasing histamine; at ... The MCD peptide has an immunotoxic effect on mast cells by releasing histamine from these cells. MCD peptide has also been ... Buku, A; Priceb, JA; Mendlowitzc, M; Masurd, S (2001). "Mast cell degranulating peptide binds to RBL-2H3 mast cell receptors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCD_peptide

The reaction of IgE with Aspergillus antigens results in mast cell degranulation with bronchoconstriction and increased ... These cytokines up-regulate mast cell degranulation, exacerbating respiratory decline. Aspergillus also utilises a number of ... "Lack of IL-4 receptor expression on T helper cells reduces T helper 2 cell polyfunctionality and confers resistance in allergic ... Type 2 T helper cells appear to play an important role in ABPA due to an increased sensitivity to interleukin (IL) 4 and IL-5. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergic_bronchopulmonary_aspergillosis

Puri N, Kruhlak MJ, Whiteheart SW, Roche PA (Nov 2003). "Mast cell degranulation requires N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor- ... The Journal of Cell Biology. 157 (1): 45-62. doi:10.1083/jcb.200112127. PMC 2173270. PMID 11927603. Xu Y, Martin S, James DE, ... The Journal of Cell Biology. 157 (1): 45-62. doi:10.1083/jcb.200112127. PMC 2173270. PMID 11927603. Xu Y, Martin S, James DE, ... Molecular Biology of the Cell. 15 (9): 4011-22. doi:10.1091/mbc.E03-12-0876. PMC 515336. PMID 15215310. Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YKT6

CD23 and CD25 are targets of Der p 1, which cleaves these receptors from the surfaces of active B cells and T cells, ... Der f 1 also triggers an immune response through eosinophil degranulation. Eur m 1 is secreted by the Mayne's house dust mite ... Eur m 1 provokes allergic responses from T cells. Der p 1 and Der f 1 show only low levels of cross-reactivity with Eur m 1. ... It has been suggested that the mite's gastrointestinal cells produce Der p 1. In the mite, Der p 1 is responsible for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidase_1_(mite)

The activated neutrophils can then adhere to endothelial cells where degranulation occurs. This releases free oxygen radicals ... Based on the above observations and that ANCA reactive B-cells can be found in circulation in patients with AAV, an alternative ... Hurtado, Plinio; Nitschke, J.; Hurtado-Perez, E.; Peh, C.A. (April 2013). "ANCA reactive B cells and neutrophils cross-talk in ... The same study found that clinical relapse in some patients were in association with the return of circulating B-cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-neutrophil_cytoplasmic_antibody

CERK has also been found to participate in the calcium-dependent degranulation of mast cells. Sugiura M, Kono K, Liu H, ... However, CERK expression varies per cell line. In contrast to SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, HL60 leukemia cells demonstrated no ... CERK activity has primarily been observed within human neutrophils, cerebrum granule cells, and epithelium-derived lung cells. ... "Ceramide kinase is a mediator of calcium-dependent degranulation in mast cells". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (17): 17570-7. doi:10.1074/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramide_kinase

Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (January 2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9-13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. ... "Ethanol-induced inhibition of cytokine release and protein degranulation in human neutrophils". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. ... At the cell surface, pro-TNF-α is biologically active, and is able to induce immune responses via juxtacrine intercellular ... ADAM17 is understood to be involved in the processing of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) at the surface of the cell, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADAM17

Degranulation of mast cells contributing to lung damage has also been observed. The term "third-hand smoke" was recently coined ... Eren, U.; Kum, S.; Sandikci, M.; Kara, E. (2006). "Effects of long-term passive smoking on the mast cells in rat lungs". Revue ... "p53 expression and environmental tobacco smoke exposure in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma". Vet Pathol. 41 (3): 209-14. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_smoking

Neurotensin is involved in many processes including mast cell degranulation and regulation of central nervous system ... "Neurotensin mediates rat bladder mast cell degranulation triggered by acute psychological stress". Urology. 53 (5): 1035-40. ... "A neurotensin receptor antagonist inhibits acute immobilization stress-induced cardiac mast cell degranulation, a corticotropin ... It is a 78-kDa enzyme, widely distributed in mammalian tissues and found in various subcellular locations that vary with cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NLN_(gene)

... depending on the cell type, various other responses such as degranulation (i.e. release of granule-bound enzymes), oxidative ... Like other cell signaling agents, 5-oxo-ETE is made by a cell and then feeds back to stimulate its parent cell (see Autocrine ... HETE producing cells and human PC-3 prostate cancer cells, platelets, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells as the oxidizing ... airway epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, and skin keratinocytes have been found and/or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic_acid

... causes mast cell and eosinophil degranulation, leading to pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Infection may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphyllobothriasis

Activation of MRGPRX2 leads to mast cell degranulation with subsequent pseudo-allergic reactions. MAS1 oncogene GRCh38: Ensembl ... It is most abundant on cutaneous mast cells. Agonists are gyrase inhibitors like ciprofloxacin and non-depolarizing ... Cell. 106 (5): 619-632. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00483-4. PMID 11551509. "Entrez Gene: MRGPRX2 MAS-related GPR, member X2". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRGPRX2

The inner cell surface of the granules becomes the outer cell surface of the basophil /mast cell during degranulation process. ... The cells are activated and start degranulation when the IgE antibody, bound to an allergen which can bind to the specific ... There are receptors (FcεR) for the constant region of IgE, the Fc region, on several types of cells, including Mast cells and ... This is why basophils are considered with mast cells to be the key cells in allergic diseases. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophil_activation

"Protein kinase C-delta is a negative regulator of antigen-induced mast cell degranulation". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22 ... SHIP1 is expressed predominantly by hematopoietic cells but also, for example, by osteoblasts and endothelial cells. This ... for example T cell receptor (TCR) and CD79a/b. SHIP1 does not bind only to intracellular chains of cell surface receptor. Its ... van Dijk TB, van Den Akker E, Amelsvoort MP, Mano H, Löwenberg B, von Lindern M (November 2000). "Stem cell factor induces ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INPP5D

Decreasing pH is associated with an increase in mast cell degranulation, a key component to the immune response, and one study ... Welle M (March 1997). "Development, significance, and heterogeneity of mast cells with particular regard to the mast cell- ... a serious form of physical allergy associated with mast cell degranulation". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 75 ... Mast cells are structurally different in the gut than those found in the skin or skeletal muscles, and thus could be induced by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise-induced_anaphylaxis

"Protein kinase C-delta is a negative regulator of antigen-induced mast cell degranulation". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (12): 3970-80. ... "Identification of phospholipase C gamma1 as a protein tyrosine phosphatase mu substrate that regulates cell migration". J. Cell ... Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play distinct roles in cells. The protein ... Studies both in human and mice demonstrate that this kinase is involved in B cell signaling and in the regulation of growth, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRKCD

... nutrition and other cell-cell communications. It has been found that many pathogens have converged on similar virulence factors ... They bind to receptors on monocytes causing the release of inflammatory mediators which induce degranulation. As part of this ... and hemolysins which break down a variety of host cells, including red blood cells. A major group of virulence factors are ... this includes leukocidin-mediated cell death) entry into and exit out of cells (if the pathogen is an intracellular one) obtain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virulence_factor

They also reduce synthesis of histamine, stabilize cell membranes, and inhibit degranulation of mast cells. Recent work ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loteprednol

... mast cell degranulation, and macrophage activation. It has been shown to have both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory ... C3aR signaling along antigen-presenting cells' CD28 and CD40L pathways also plays a role in T cell proliferation and ... and mast cell and basophil degranulation of histamine, induction of respiratory burst and subsequent degradation of pathogens ... while an absence of active C3aR on dendritic cells upregulates regulatory T cell production. The absence of C3 has also been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C3a_(complement)

Non-immunologic mechanisms involve substances that directly cause the degranulation of mast cells and basophils. These include ... is a type of anaphylaxis that does not involve an allergic reaction but is due to direct mast cell degranulation. Non-immune ... cause anaphylaxis by directly triggering mast cell degranulation. The frequency of a reaction to an agent partly depends on the ... It is due to the release of inflammatory mediators and cytokines from mast cells and basophils, typically due to an immunologic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis

Kinase activation is followed by NK cell degranulation and transcription of cytokine and chemokine genes. DAP-10 connects to ... NKT cells, and even on some subsets of CD4+ T cells or myeloid cells. NKG2D expression can also be present on cancer cells and ... On NK cells, NKG2 genes are expressed through the ontogeny as well as in adulthood. As about 90% of fetal NK cells express NKG2 ... NKG2 also known as CD159 (Cluster of Differentiation 159) is a receptor for natural killer cells (NK cells). There are 7 NKG2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NKG2

The degranulation and release of histamine from mast cells further recruits macrophages to the biomaterial. Macrophages adhere ... Adherent macrophages at the implant site can fuse into a multinucleated cell called foreign body giant cell. Foreign body giant ... Adherent macrophages and foreign body giant cells degrade biomaterials and can lead to device failure. Foreign body giant cells ... Surface-adsorbed proteins regulate inflammatory cell interaction and adhesion. The deposited proteins allow inflammatory cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_body_reaction

C1P also has known roles in vesicular trafficking, cell survival, phagocytosis ("cell eating") and macrophage degranulation. ... Ceramide mediates many cell-stress responses, including the regulation of programmed cell death (apoptosis) and cell aging ( ... whereby the cells differentiated into white blood cells called macrophages. Treatment of the same cells by exogenous Sph caused ... Treatment of HL60 cells (a type of leukemia cell line) by a plant-derived organic compound called phorbol ester increased Sph ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_signaling

Therefore, TRPV2 is essential in mast cell degranulation as a result of its response to heat. Immune cells are also able to ... It is highly expressed in MIN6 cells, which is a β-cell. These cell types are known for releasing insulin, a molecule that ... TRPV2 is expressed in human HepG2 cells, a cell line containing human liver carcinogenic cells. Heat allows for calcium entry ... The channel has an important role for basic cell function including contraction, cell proliferation, and cell death. The same ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPV2

Finally, NADA can prevent the degranulation and release of TNF from RBL- 2H3 mast cells treated with an IgE-antigen complex. ... Additionally, NADA has been observed to suppress inflammatory activation of human Jurkat T cells and to inhibit the release of ... "Inhibitory effect of N-Acyl dopamines on IgE-mediated allergic response in RBL-2H3 cells". Lipids. 48 (4): 383-393. doi:10.1007 ... NADA also promotes the inflammatory resolution of human endothelial cells activated by both endogenous (i.e. TNF) and exogenous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine

The reaction is caused by the release of histamine and mast cell granule proteins by a process called degranulation, as well as ... These mediators affect nerve cells causing itching, smooth muscle cells causing contraction (leading to the airway narrowing ... and in plasma cell isotype switching to IgE which will bind to the mast cell FcεRI receptors and prime the individual for ... The recruited T-cells are typically of the Th2 variety and the cytokines they produce lead to further recruitment of mast cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergic_inflammation

2002). "Regulation of FcepsilonRI-mediated degranulation by an adaptor protein 3BP2 in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells". ... a critical regulator of airway smooth muscle cells?". Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 291 (3): L312-21. doi:10.1152/ ... 1992). "Epidermal Langerhans cells from normal human skin bind monomeric IgE via Fc epsilon RI". J. Exp. Med. 175 (5): 1353-65 ... Le Coniat M, Kinet JP, Berger R (1990). "The human genes for the alpha and gamma subunits of the mast cell receptor for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FCER1A

... and degranulation of TA-specific CD8+ T cells and TIL CD8+ T cells. It can be considered an immune checkpoint. Co-blockade of ... is an immune receptor present on some T cells and natural killer cells (NK). It is also identified as WUCAM and Vstm3. TIGIT ... "The Immunoreceptor TIGIT Regulates Antitumor and Antiviral CD8+ T Cell Effector Function". Cancer Cell. 26 (6): 923-937. doi: ... "The surface protein TIGIT suppresses T cell activation by promoting the generation of mature immunoregulatory dendritic cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIGIT

CEM cells (leukemia T-cells) were used to culture the HIV but no EMS was detected at any level of dilution. However, testing ... "Human basophil degranulation triggered by very dilute antiserum against IgE". Nature. 333 (6176): 816-818. Bibcode:1988Natur. ... that is transferred through the cell culture medium. In a medium of T lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell), they cultured ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_teleportation

... pale cell acanthoma) Clear cell squamous cell carcinoma (clear cell carcinoma of the skin) Chronic scar keratosis (chronic ... or evidence of eosinophil degranulation. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (epithelioid hemangioma, histiocytoid ... Solitary trichoepithelioma Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma (spindle cell carcinoma) Spiradenoma Squamous cell carcinoma ... The epidermis contains four cell types: keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells. Of these, keratinocytes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions

Activated mast cells and basophils undergo a process called degranulation, during which they release histamine and other ... Cytokines from mast cells may also play a role in the persistence of long-term effects. Late-phase responses seen in asthma are ... One theory is that exercise is stimulating the release of mediators such as histamine from IgE-activated mast cells. Two of the ... circulates in the blood and binds to IgE-specific receptors on the surface of other kinds of immune cells called mast cells and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellfish_allergy

Activated mast cells and basophils undergo a process called degranulation, during which they release histamine and other ... causes a response in a type of immune cell called a TH2 lymphocyte, which belongs to a subset of T cells that produce a ... on the surface of other kinds of immune cells called mast cells and basophils, which are both involved in the acute ... These TH2 cells interact with other lymphocytes called B cells, whose role is the production of antibodies. Coupled with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_allergy

Activated mast cells and basophils undergo a process called degranulation, during which they release histamine and other ... Several medications may be used to block the action of allergic mediators, or to prevent activation of cells and degranulation ... The immune system does not recognize the affected cells as normal parts of the body, causing a T-cell-mediated immune response ... In type IV hypersensitivity, there is activation of certain types of T cells (CD8+) that destroy target cells on contact, as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy

... that food allergens cross the intestinal mucosa and trigger an inflammatory response that includes mast cell degranulation and ... The damage to the gastrointestinal tract wall is caused by eosinophilic infiltration and degranulation. As a part of host ... Various steroid sparing agents e.g. sodium cromoglycate (a stabilizer of mast cell membranes), ketotifen (an antihistamine), ... "The usefulness of 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime white blood cell scintigraphy in a patient with eosinophilic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophilic_gastroenteritis

The bite sites are infiltrated with T helper cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD16+ NK cells. In this mixture of infiltrates, most of ... promote the degranulation, and prolong the survival of eosinophils. These eosinophils discharge eosinophilic cationic, major ... cell leukemia (also termed aggressive NK-cell leukemia/lymphoma), and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Mosquito bite ... Lympoid cells at the bite site may also express the EBV1 viral gene, BZLF1; this gene promotes the lyses of its infected cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito_bite_allergy

Two types of degranulation have been described for MC: piecemeal degranulation (PMD) and anaphylactic degranulation (AND) ( ... Mediator release from mast cells Figure 2: Model of genesis of mast cell secretory granules Figure 3: Lipid body biogenesis ... In contrast to PMD, AND is the explosive release of granule contents or entire granules to the outside of cells after granule- ... Mast cell Basophil Food intolerance Red wine headache "HIT > Histaminosis". Histamin Intoleranz. Maintz, L.; Novak, N. (2007 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine_intolerance

... they regulate other immune cell functions (e.g., CD4+ T cell, dendritic cell, B cell, mast cell, neutrophil, and basophil ... Examples of toxic materials produced or released by degranulation by granulocytes on the ingestion of microorganisms are: ... These cells also have a limited ability to participate in phagocytosis, they are professional antigen-presenting cells, ... Granulocytes are derived from stem cells residing in the bone marrow. The differentiation of these stem cells from pluripotent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte

Whereas basophilic white blood cells stain dark blue and eosinophilic white blood cells stain bright red, neutrophils stain a ... Neutrophils also release an assortment of proteins in three types of granules by a process called degranulation. The contents ... "Phagocytosis by human neutrophils is stimulated by a unique fungal cell wall component". Cell Host & Microbe. 2 (1): 55-67. doi ... Cell biology, Granulocytes, Phagocytes, Human cells, Articles containing video clips). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrophil

These findings are due to interaction of vancomycin with MRGPRX2, a GPCR mediating IgE-independent mast cell degranulation. ... vancomcin for plant cell culture Archived 2012-05-04 at the Wayback Machine Pazuki A, Asghari J, Sohani MM, Pessarakli M, ... Kinetics of Urinary Cell Cycle Arrest Markers for Acute Kidney Injury Following Exposure to Potential Renal Insults". Crit Care ... This binding of vancomycin to the D-Ala-D-Ala prevents cell wall synthesis of the long polymers of N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycin

Microbial production : from genome design to cell engineering. Anazawa, Hideharu,, Shimizu, Sakayu. Tokyo. 20 February 2014. pp ... "Sake Lees Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria Prevents Allergic Rhinitis-Like Symptoms and IgE-Mediated Basophil Degranulation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sake_kasu

They may cause defects in IgE receptor-mediated mast cell degranulation and cytokine production, which are cells involved in ... Cell to cell interaction, which is very important in development, may be impaired. Exocytosis in synaptic vesicles has been ... Normal UVA exposure may lead to oxidative stress in skin cells. Given that 7DHC is more readily oxidized, it enhances the ... Antioxidants have been shown to increase the level of lipid transcripts in SLOS cells, these transcripts play a role in lipid ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith–Lemli–Opitz_syndrome

Th2 cells, and dendritic cells, and by cells contributing to these reactions, i.e. human and/or rodent airway epithelial cells ... 2002). "Selective modulation of chemokinesis, degranulation, and apoptosis in eosinophils through the PGD2 receptors CRTH2 and ... see T helper cell#Th1/Th2 Model for helper T cells and T helper cell#Limitations to the Th1/Th2 model. DH1 activation also ... vascular endothelium, mucus-secreting goblet cells in the nasal and colonic mucosa, and serous gland cells of the nose. DP1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin_DP1_receptor

... mediated B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling and FC-epsilon R1 (see FCER1A, MIM 147140)-mediated mast cell degranulation ( ... Cytokine dependent hematopoietic cell linker is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLNK gene. MIST is a member of the ... "Entrez Gene: Cytokine dependent hematopoietic cell linker". Retrieved 2017-09-06. Cronin S, Tomik B, Bradley DG, Slowik A, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine_dependent_hematopoietic_cell_linker

The paper purported to have discovered that basophils, a type of white blood cell, released histamine when exposed to a ... Hirst, SJ; Hayes, NA; Burridge, J; Pearce, FL; Foreman, JC (1993). "Human basophil degranulation is not triggered by very ... "Replication study concerning the effects of homeopathic dilutions of histamine on human basophil degranulation in vitro". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_and_efficacy_of_homeopathy

... as this can result in nonimmune mast-cell degranulation and resulting anaphylactoid reaction. Codeine suppositories are also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codeine

... triggering its degranulation: the release of molecules stored in its granules. The antibody isotype of a B cell changes during ... B cell activation follows engagement of the cell-bound antibody molecule with an antigen, causing the cell to divide and ... Activated B cells differentiate into either antibody-producing cells called plasma cells that secrete soluble antibody or ... an antibody can signal immune cells to present antibody fragments to T cells, or downregulate other immune cells to avoid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody

The degranulation releases toxins that cause endothelial injury. Most recently, two different groups of investigators have ... and protein and red blood cells in the urine. In patients with neuropathy, electromyography may reveal a sensorimotor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopic_polyangiitis

Interrupts mast cell and lysosome degranulation Inhibits release of glycoproteins that promote chemotaxis from synovial cells ... While this would be fatal in most higher animal cells, in plant cells, it is not only usually well-tolerated, but also ... This includes kidney damage, which causes low urine output and bloody urine; low white blood cell counts that can last for ... Cells so affected undergo impaired protein assembly with reduced endocytosis, exocytosis, cellular motility, and interrupted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colchicine

DENV-specific IgG enhances MC degranulation and vascular leakage.. (A) MC-degranulation (cell line RBL-2H3) in response to ... However, the impact of cell-intrinsic ceramide on T cell function is not well characterized. By using T cell-specific Asm- or ... If MC degranulation is not dependent on infection, how would the authors explain the phenomenon of enhanced degranulation and ... 1986) Degranulation and histamine release from murine mast cells sensitized with dengue virus-immune sera Microbiology and ...

https://elifesciences.org/articles/05291

Example: +cell +stem * Tip 3. You can use + and - symbols to force inclusion or exclusion of specific words.. Example: +cell - ... Natural killer cell degranulation capacity predicts early onset of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in ... Patients with degranulation levels , 10.84% had a higher risk of IRIS (P = .002 by log-rank test). Degranulation level at ... At inclusion, patients had low CD4 cell counts (27 cells/mm(3)) and high plasma viral load (5.76 and 5.50 log/mL in IRIS and ...

https://research.pasteur.fr/en/publication/natural-killer-cell-degranulation-capacity-predicts-early-onset-of-the-immune-reconstitution-inflammatory-syndrome-iris-in-hiv-infected-patients-with-tuberculosis/

T-cells were robustly activated, differentiated to produce antiviral cytokines, and were critical for survival following CCHFV ... C) Degranulation of liver CD8+ T-cells at day 14 PI was monitored by CD107a staining. Percent CD107a+ CD8+ T-cells after ... CD4+ T-Cell Depletion Impairs Early Antibody Responses but Not Early CD8+ T-Cell Responses. CD4+ T-cells can support B-cell and ... CD4+ T-cells can promote effective B-cell and CD8+ T-cell responses through licensing of APCs [25], recruitment of CD8+ T-cells ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/2/279

Enhanced degranulation of DNAM-1+ or NKG2D+ GM NK-92 cells was observed against the majority of tumor cell lines tested. In ... The degranulation capacity of GM NK-92 cell lines was also tested against various established tumor cell lines, including ... These results support the broad therapeutic potential of DNAM-1+ or NKG2D+ GM NK-92 cells and GM human NK cells for the ... Using GM NK-92 cells against primary sarcoma explants (n = 12) revealed that DNAM-1 over-expression on NK-92 cells led to ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00040/full?report=reader

mast cell degranulation. You are here: Home » mast cell degranulation. Synthetic Allergens for Studying Type-1 Hypersensitivity ... Notre Dame researchers created novel synthetic allergens for investigating mast cell degranulation. ...

https://www.quantabiodesign.com/tag/mast-cell-degranulation/

Specimens are accepted Monday through Wednesday between 12:00 noon and 4:00 pm only and must be received by the performing laboratory within 24 hours of collection. Collect sufficient specimens in green top tubes. Send intact whole blood at room temperature. Do not refrigerate or freeze.. ...

https://mlabs.umich.edu/tests/cd107a-mobilization-nk-cell-degranulation

Supplies and strategies: Cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8 kits, cell degranulation was analyzed by ELISA strategies, ... Inhibitory activity of narirutin on RBL-2H3 cells degranulation. Context: Its an environment friendly technique to use ... Conclusion: Our examine recommended that the inhibitory mechanism of narirutin on RBL-2H3 cells degranulation may very well be ... Antibodies Exosomes Assay Kits Biology Cells cDNA Clia Kits Culture Cells Devices DNA Templates Elisa Kits Enzymes Equipments ...

https://genoimmun.com/inhibitory-activity-of-narirutin-on-rbl-2h3-cells-degranulation/

High levels of pancreatic insulin coexistent with hyperplasia and degranulation of beta cells in mice with the hereditary obese ... High levels of pancreatic insulin coexistent with hyperplasia and degranulation of beta cells in mice with the hereditary obese ...

https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78583015

Degranulation of beta-cells of the islets of lagerhans following intragastric administration of magnesium chloride. ... Ali M, Mishra RK, Anand K. Degranulation of beta-cells of the islets of lagerhans following intragastric administration of ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/108989?locale=zh_TW

Mastocytosis is a disorder characterized by mast cell proliferation and accumulation within various organs, most commonly the ... Long-term exposure to heparin and stem cell factor from degranulated mast cells is believed to put patients at risk for ... Mast cell disorders: Kids are not just little people. Clin Dermatol. 2016 Nov - Dec. 34 (6):760-766. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Ma Z, Jiao Z. Mast cells as targets of pimecrolimus. Curr Pharm Des. 2011 Nov. 17(34):3823-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1057932-102573/what-are-complications-of-mastocytosis

Moreover, MAO inhibition prevented both mast cell degranulation and altered collagen deposition, thereby normalizing diastolic ... Monoamine oxidase-dependent endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria dysfunction and mast cell degranulation lead to adverse cardiac ... Moreover, MAO inhibition prevented both mast cell degranulation and altered collagen deposition, thereby normalizing diastolic ... considered as a therapeutic option for diabetic complications as well as for other disorders in which mast cell degranulation ...

https://www.research.unipd.it/handle/11577/3260022

Degranulation assay. NK92MI cells (5×105) were stimulated with PMA and Ionomycin (Sigma) for four hour at 37°C in 5% CO2. Then ... Unlike T cells, NK cells are always switched on and can recognize target cells, "dangerous" cells exhibiting a reduced or ... From the initial contact with a target cell to the direct delivery of lytic-granule contents to lyse the target cell, NK cells ... Gene expression profiling has provided great insight into NK-cell function [8-10]. NK cells respond rapidly to target cells, ...

https://www.oncotarget.com/article/16688/text/

The mast cell: a multifunctional effector cell. Crivellato E, Ribatti D, Mallardi F, Beltrami CA. Crivellato E, et al. Among ... Piecemeal degranulation as a general secretory mechanism? Crivellato E, Nico B, Mallardi F, Beltrami CA, Ribatti D. Crivellato ... Cardiac stem cell senescence. Cesselli D, DAurizio F, Marcon P, Bergamin N, Beltrami CA, Beltrami AP. Cesselli D, et al. Among ... The mast cell: an active participant or an innocent bystander? Crivellato E, Beltrami CA, Mallardi F, Ribatti D. Crivellato E, ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=search&term=Beltrami+CA%5Bau%5D&dispmax=50

... but do not cross-link cell-bound IgE or provoke mast cell degranulation. ... cells, mast cells, and basophils. IL-13 is produced by activated Th2 cells, as well as by Th0 cells, mast cells, and dendritic ... In addition, neighboring cells, including mast cells, NK1.1 T cells, and NK1.1 non-T cells, might polarize the local cytokine ... possible sources of IL-4 include NK1.1 cells (both T and non-T) and mast cells. IL-4 production by mast cells is favored if ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/8205/version/1

Total glucosides of peony improve ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma by inhibiting mast cell degranulation.Nov 14, 2019. ... Citrus flavonoids suppress IL-5 and ROS through distinct pathways in PMA/ionomycin-induced EL-4 cells.Jan 13, 2020. ... Pubmed Data : Cell Biosci. 2020 Oct 28 ;10(1):125. Epub 2020 Oct 28. PMID: 33292472 ... Curcumol inhibits PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells by suppressing ERK/CREB pathway.Dec ...

https://greenmedinfo.com/pharmacological-action/anti-asthmatic-agents

Estrogen and progesterone enhance the activities of Th2/regulatory T cell (Treg) but suppress Th1/Th17. Androgens suppress Th1/ ... is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by T helper 2 cell (Th2)-shifted abnormal immunity, skin barrier ... Mast cell degranulation↑. vitro. mice. Th2↑. [33]. ↑, stimulation; ↓, suppression; ROR, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan ... Estrogen also acts on mast cells and induces IgE-mediated degranulation [33,37], indicating the stimulatory effects of E2 on ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/19/4660/htm

Depth of Mast Cell degranulation affects the type of lesions. *Urticaria involves Mast Cell degranulation in the superficial ... Angioedema involves Mast Cell degranulation in the deeper Dermis and subcutaneous tissue ... Response to histamine release from cutaneous Mast Cells and Basophils. *Both IgE and non-IgE, non immune mediated histamine ...

https://fpnotebook.com/ent/Derm/Hvs.htm

Electron microscopy reveals mast cell and eosinophilic degranulation.. Keywords. Urticaria; Contact-allergies; Contact- ... There may be evident subcutaneous or dermal edema, an increase in the number of mast cells, and a modest perivascular ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=%27health+care+personnel%27+or+%27health+care+worker%2A%27+or+%27health+care+facilit%2A%27+or+nurse+or+nurses+or+nursing&f1=KW&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=%27health+care%27+or+nurse+or+nurses+or+nursing&B1=Search&terms=3&Adv=1&f2=TI&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&D1=10&EndYear=&PageNo=250&RecNo=2498&View=f&

Diminished allergic disease in patients with STAT3 mutations reveals a role for STAT3 signaling in mast cell degranulation. J ... especially certain types of T cells. . T cells and other immune system cells help control the bodys response to foreign ... A shortage of functional STAT3 blocks the maturation of T cells (specifically a subset known as Th17 cells) and other immune ... The STAT3 protein is also involved in the formation of cells that build and break down bone tissue, which could help explain ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-hyper-ige-syndrome/

PI3Kgamma adaptor subunits define coupling to degranulation and cell motility by distinct PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 pools in mast cells. ... PI3Kgamma differentially regulates FcepsilonRI-mediated degranulation and migration of mast cells by and toward antigen. Int. ... Disintegrated foam cells (fat-loaded macrophages) that form a layer of fat beneath endothelial cells and disengage them from ... PI3Kgamma is critical for dendritic cell-mediated CD8+ T cell priming and viral clearance during influenza virus infection. ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-022-00701-8?error=cookies_not_supported&code=4987ecc9-1ccb-4768-a869-d89b279df0f4

The cells were then activated with compound 48/80 (5 Âµg/ml) for 30 min. Cell degranulation was measured by the release of Î²- ... Effects of cigarette smoke on degranulation and NO production by mast cells and epithelial cells. Respir Res 2005; 6:108. ... all cells were activated with compound 48/80 (5 Âµg/ml) for 30 min. Cell degranulation was measured by Î²-hex release assay. ... CSE inhibits degranulation of CBMC co-cultured with 3T3 fibroblasts. MCs in peripheral tissues are surrounded by other cells ...

http://ispub.com/IJAAI/6/1/10898

Sickle cell anemia. Cerebrovascular complications in sickle cell anemia (SCA) are the result of polymerized red blood cells at ... PAF causes platelet aggregation and degranulation and also can promote leukocyte activation. Next, PDGF, TGF-β, and fibroblast ... B-cell deficient mice did not display the same protective effects, implicating a strong T-cell influence. Similarly, studies ... LTA induces expression of intercellular adhesion and vascular cell adhesion molecules on endothelial cells. [193] In mice, loss ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1163331-overview

Cell Degranulation 8% * Chickens 71% * Cricetulus 6% * Epitopes 5% * Fc Receptors 7% ...

https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/persons/samer-halabi/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically

In vitro neutrophil degranulation. In vitro neutrophil degranulation assays were performed as described (41). Purified ... The "washout" PBS was centrifuged at low speed (1,000 g) for 5 minutes to remove cells and then high speed (12,000 g) for 5 ... In vitro neutrophil degranulation. Neutrophils were purified from NE-/- (lane 1) and NE+/+ (lanes 2 and 3) mice and triggered ... Further studies of inflammatory cells in human BP are necessary to assess the fidelity with which the BP mouse model mimics the ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/3693

... to demonstrate the in vivo relevance of mast-cell degranulation and the increase in capillary permeability, and (iii) a ... These autoantibodies act as activators of mast cells, leading to their degranulation and intracellular pathway signaling. This ... activity of sera from patients with chronic urticaria showing positive autologous skin test on human basophils and mast cells. ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40413-017-0181-0

NK cells from patients with hf-ASD showed a high level of cell activation (p < 0.0001), spontaneous degranulation (p < ... cells in the persistence of ASD. NK cells from 35 adults with hf-ASD were compared to that of 35 healthy controls (HC), ... The phenotype and polyfunctional capacities of NK cells were explored according to infectious stigma and clinical parameters ( ... Presence of NKG2C overexpression together with high-level activation of NK cells suggest an association with underlying ...

https://molecularautism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13229-019-0269-1

Basophil/Mast Cell Degranulation/Activation Test. ?. In vitro. Non-Functional Test. IgE. Yes. ...

http://www.allergome.org/script/dettaglio_native.php?id_molecule=1069&id_native=383

Saponins present in Lebbeck seeds have been found inhibit mast cell degranulation by 62% and alter neurotransmitter levels within the brain [Braun & Cohen, 2014, p. 5]. (blogspot.com)
In a study including in vitro and in vivo AD models, fucoidan has been shown to effectively inhibit mast cell degranulation and lower the levels of IL-4 and histamine. (who.int)

We also applied a functional screening approach to identify relevant NK cell receptor/ligand interactions that induce efficient anti-tumor responses using a panel NK-92 cell lines GM to over-express 12 different activating receptors. (frontiersin.org)
The full spectrum act by cross-linking HLA-DR or DQ molecules and T-cell of clinical signs and symptoms of intoxication with SEB is receptors. (cdc.gov)
Studies of Natural Killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity have mainly focused on the balance of activating and inhibitory receptors, signaling transduction, calcium influx, formation of immune synapse, and cytolytic degranulation. (oncotarget.com)
During immune surveillance, NK cells distinguish their cellular targets from healthy cells via a panel of activating and inhibitory receptors, which recognize ligands specifically induced on "stressed" cells [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The aggregation of high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptors (FcεRI) on mast cells is a critical event in the initiation of an allergic reaction. (biomedcentral.com)
IgE molecules bind to IgE receptors located on mast cells. (kegg.jp)
It also causes bronchospasm and mast cell degranulation via A3 receptors. (cdc.gov)
The rosette-forming cell may be an antibody-forming cell, a memory cell, a T-cell, a cell bearing surface cytophilic antibodies, or a monocyte possessing Fc receptors. (uchicago.edu)
Cell surface receptors for sulphated polysaccharides: a potential marker for macrophage subsets. (uchicago.edu)

Cross-linking of IgE bound to mast cells by FcεRI triggers the release of preformed vasoactive mediators, synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, and the transcription of cytokines. (jci.org)
[6] [1] The mechanism involves the release of inflammatory mediators in a rapidly escalating cascade from certain types of white blood cells triggered by either immunologic or non-immunologic mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
Allergens bind to IgE and trigger degranulation of chemical mediators. (slideserve.com)
Allergen binds IgE and cross-links to activate signal with tyrosine phosphorylation, Ca++ influx, degranulation and release of mediators. (slideserve.com)
Magnesium also stabilizes T cells and inhibits mast cell degranulation, leading to a reduction in inflammatory mediators. (cfp.ca)
The crosslinking of mast-cell-bound IgE by allergens leads to the release of biologically active mediators (histamine, leukotrienes) by means of degranulation and, so, to the immediate symptoms of allergy. (kegg.jp)
Asthma results from complex interactions among inflammatory cells, their mediators, airway epithelium and smooth muscle, and the nervous system. (medscape.com)

IgE-induced mast cell degranulation in vivo is often followed by a late-phase reaction (LPR), a second wave of hypersensitivity responses occurring many hours after the acute reaction and dependent upon eosinophils. (jci.org)
Siglec-8, also known as SAF, is a transmembrane lectin that is expressed on eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells and shows a binding preference for the carbohydrate 6-O sulfated sLe(x). (rndsystems.com)
Inflammatory cells are involved in this process and include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes & lymphocytes. (pharmacology2000.com)
mast cells/basophils/activated eosinophils. (slideserve.com)
Mast cells also release chemotactic factors that contribute to the recruitment of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils, whose proliferation and differentiation from bone marrow progenitors is promoted by IL-5. (kegg.jp)
It is expressed on hematopoietic cells include lymphocytes 1,2 , mast cells 3 , neutrophils 2 , eosinophils 4 , NK cells 5 , monocytes 1,2 , some dendritic cells 6 ,some hematopoietic progenitors 7 and macrophages 8 . (hcdm.org)

It's an environment friendly technique to use inhibition of mast cell degranulation for evaluating anti-allergic results of compounds. (genoimmun.com)
Moreover, MAO inhibition prevented both mast cell degranulation and altered collagen deposition, thereby normalizing diastolic function. (unipd.it)
Furthermore, inhibition of calcium's interaction with myosin results in muscle cell relaxation. (cfp.ca)

Neutrophils are critical inflammatory cells that cause tissue damage in a range of diseases and disorders. (biomedcentral.com)

Larson RA, Yachnin S. Mevalonic acid induces DNA synthesis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. (uchicago.edu)

Illustration of involvement of selected primary HLH proteins in cytotoxic lymphocyte degranulation and target cell killing. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Introduction tions of T-cell derived IL-2R are increased in mixed lymphocyte cultures. (who.int)
The in vitro formation of clusters consisting of a cell (usually a lymphocyte) surrounded by antigenic cells or antigen-bearing particles (usually erythrocytes, which may or may not be coated with antibody or antibody and complement). (uchicago.edu)

In these injuries caused degranulation as noted above including again histamine release. (pharmacology2000.com)
We propose that the principal famotidine mechanism of action for COVID-19 involves on-target histamine receptor H 2 activity, and that development of clinical COVID-19 involves dysfunctional mast cell activation and histamine release. (researchsquare.com)

Investigating rare disorders such as vibratory urticaria can yield important insights into how the immune system functions and how it reacts to certain triggers to produce allergy symptoms, which can range from mild to debilitating," said NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. "The findings from this study uncover intriguing new facets of mast cell biology, adding to our knowledge of how allergic responses occur. (eurekalert.org)
To assess potential mast cell involvement in vibratory urticaria, the researchers measured blood levels of histamine during an episode of vibration-induced hives. (eurekalert.org)
This work marks, to the best of our knowledge, the first identification of a genetic basis for a mast-cell-mediated urticaria induced by a mechanical stimulus," said Dean Metcalfe, M.D., chief of NIAID's Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and a study co-author. (eurekalert.org)

These weak interactions allow virus binding to antibodies without killing the virus, followed by attachment of immune complexes to cells, which promotes uptake of virus. (elifesciences.org)
In this study, we investigated the NK cell receptor/ligand immune profile of primary human sarcoma explants. (frontiersin.org)
NK cells were originally considered pivotal players in the vertebrate immune system that could rapidly recognize and eliminate transformed or virus-infected cells without the requirement of previous immune sensitization. (oncotarget.com)
Upon target recognition, NK cells obtain the activating signal to enter a well-defined, multistep process starting with extracellular Ca 2+ fluxing into the cytoplasm, cytoskeleton remodeling, and a cell-cell specialized area formation called the cytolytic immune synapse. (oncotarget.com)
As the millennium draws to a close, it is clear that IgE production represents only one feature of a larger specific immune response orchestrated by the Th2 subset of CD4 + Th cells. (jci.org)
In the immune system, the STAT3 protein regulates genes that are involved in the maturation of immune system cells, especially certain types of T cells . (medlineplus.gov)
T cells and other immune system cells help control the body's response to foreign invaders such as bacteria and fungi. (medlineplus.gov)
A shortage of functional STAT3 blocks the maturation of T cells (specifically a subset known as Th17 cells) and other immune cells. (medlineplus.gov)
NK cells from 35 adults with hf-ASD were compared to that of 35 healthy controls (HC), selected for the absence of any immune dysfunctions, at different time-points, and over a 2-year follow-up period for four patients. (biomedcentral.com)
NK cell immune subsets constitute a unique niche, given their bridging roles between innate and adaptive immune processes. (biomedcentral.com)
During infections, NK cells are the critical effectors of innate antiviral immune responses, as demonstrated in cases of inherited NK deficiencies [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
By studying affected families, researchers discovered how vibration promotes the release of inflammatory chemicals from the immune system's mast cells, causing hives and other allergic symptoms. (eurekalert.org)
The ADGRE2 gene provides instructions for production of ADGRE2 protein, which is present on the surface of several types of immune cells, including mast cells. (eurekalert.org)
4 Some SSRIs seem to have the ability to regulate cytokine and gene expression in both cell and animal models of inflammation and modulate immune responses. (nursingcenter.com)
We identified 127,812 contigs and annotated 34,878 of these, identifying immune genes associated with interleukins, cytokines, and the production of mast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
[3] The underlying mechanism involves immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE), part of the body's immune system, binding to an allergen and then to a receptor on mast cells or basophils where it triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine . (mdwiki.org)
There were also significant differences in microbial composition in dust samples and in innate immune cells between the two groups of children. (medscape.com)
One pilot study observed that topical application of fucoidan could mitigate symptoms of AD in the DNCB-induced mice model by suppressing Th2 cell-mediated immune response. (who.int)
Background: Galectin-9 is a member of the family of lectin proteins and crucially regulates human immune responses, particularly because of its ability to suppress the anticancer activities of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. (diamond.ac.uk)

Th2 cells are critical in maintaining both the state of chronic and relapsing eosinophil-predominant inflammation and the acute hypersensitivity responses characteristic of the atopic diseases. (jci.org)
Relationship between mast cell degranulation and inflammation in oral cavity. (bvsalud.org)

We observed pronounced dysregulation of lipid transport and neutrophil degranulation. (cdc.gov)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
MCs function as antigen-presenting cells as they have the capacity to phagocytose diverse pathogens and to express MHC Class I and -II molecules as well as co-stimulatory molecules, allowing them to interact with endothelial cells, T- and B-lymphocytes [ 14 , 15 ]. (ispub.com)
Other trophic factors, such as IL-2, TNF-α, and granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor, cause activated T cells to produce interferon-γ, TNF-α, and TNF-β, leading to stimulation of macrophages and further up-regulation of leukocyte adhesion molecules. (medscape.com)
The bioactive compounds from fruit and vegetables provide endothelial protection through the following mechanisms: improved eNOS/NO bioavailability, attenuates oxidative stress, inhibited NF-κB pathway and decreased cell adhesion molecules expression. (scielo.br)
Increase in vessel permeability due to separation of endothelial cells, allowing transudation of fluid and molecules as large as small proteins. (pharmacology2000.com)

Incorporating one of Quanta BioDesign's dPEG ® linkers, Notre Dame researchers created novel synthetic allergens for investigating mast cell degranulation. (quantabiodesign.com)
Inhaled allergens encounter antigen presenting cells (APC) that line the airway. (kegg.jp)

Mast cells were first described based on staining of cytoplasmic granules, by Ehrlich in 1877 [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Degranulation means liberation of the contents of the mast cell granules, including histamine. (pharmacology2000.com)
Allergen binding to IgE attached to FceR1 triggers release of granules from cell. (slideserve.com)

Mast cells are derived from hematopoietic progenitor cells and mature in the local tissue where they reside. (hindawi.com)
Mice homozygous for a knock-out allele exhibit reduced stimulated mast cell degranulation and impaired hematopoietic lineage formation. (jax.org)

Interleukin 31, a T-cell-derived cytokine that causes severe pruritus and dermatitis in transgenic mice, is elevated in individuals with prurigo nodularis. (medscape.com)
RasGRP1-/- mast cells had markedly reduced degranulation and cytokine production. (duke.edu)

Here, we define another mechanism, dependent on FcγR-mediated enhanced degranulation responses by MCs. (elifesciences.org)
Therefore, symptoms of mild exposure are anticipated to itary practitioners, since SEB has been previously resemble T-cell-mediated recall responses, similar to a developed as an incapacitating biowarfare agent. (cdc.gov)
Evidence in humans and animal models suggests that IgE-mediated mast cell activation gives rise to both the acute and late-phase responses. (jci.org)
Acute responses are accompanied by evidence of mast cell activation and mediator release. (jci.org)

In vitro studies demonstrated the role of magnesium in the relaxation of bronchial cells. (cfp.ca)
In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)

Our outcomes point out that at 50 days of fetal age, bovine primordial germ cells had been within the early levels of improvement, expressing genes of early primordial germ cells, together with transcriptional regulators of human germline specification. (genoimmun.com)
Lastly, the miR-20a inhibitor and goal gene expression plasmids had been co-transfected for rescue experiment to check whether or not the goal genes take part within the inhibitory impact of miR-20a on the proliferation of breast most cancers cells. (genoimmun.com)
Furthermore, we notice that a series of genes, including PI3KCA, NFATC1and TNFSF9, which play important roles during NK cell activation, were at 'poised' state prior to activation, and that modifications of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 on these promotors were sensitive to stimulation with Phorbol Myristate Acetate (PMA) and Ionomycin (Iono) in the NK92MI cell line. (oncotarget.com)
It detects patients with defects in the genes involved in degranulation (MUNC 13-4, STXBP2, STX11, Rab27a and Lyst). (cincinnatichildrens.org)

In Mast cells, if sensitized by surface IgE antibodies, degranulate when exposed specific antigen. (pharmacology2000.com)

Mechanisms of allergic response Sensitization Th2/B cell interaction IL-4 IL-4R CD40 Drive B cell Activation and IgE isotype switch. (slideserve.com)

The researchers also observed increased tryptase, another marker of mast cell degranulation, in skin around the affected area. (eurekalert.org)
Notably, we also observed a small increase in blood histamine levels and a slight release of tryptase from mast cells in the skin of unaffected individuals exposed to vibration," said Hirsh Komarow, M.D., of NIAID's Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, the senior author of the study. (eurekalert.org)
Based on types of proteinases, human mast cells can be divided into mainly tryptase- and -chymase- (MCTC-), tryptase- (MCT-), or chymase- (MCC-) containing subtypes. (hindawi.com)
Anaphylaxis is not the only diagnosis that is indicated by an elevated tryptase (e.g. mast cell degranulation syndrome). (emottawapodcast.com)

Notable changes in papules and nodules are increased in certain inflammatory cell types, inflammatory products, and neural hyperplasia. (medscape.com)

The germ cell lineage ensures the creation of recent people and perpetuates the genetic info throughout generations. (genoimmun.com)
Agammaglobulinemia and absent B lineage cells in a patient lacking the p85alpha subunit of PI3K. (nature.com)

Papillary dermal nerves and Merkel cells are sensory structures found in the dermis and the epidermis, respectively. (medscape.com)
Within the skin, the number of mast cells is 10-fold in the upper dermis as compared to the subcutis. (hindawi.com)
MCTC mast cell type predominates in the dermis of the skin and submucosa, whereas MCT mast cell type predominates in the lung and bowel submucosa [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

Bone marrow aspirates and biopsies may show evidence of hemophagocytosis (macrophage engulfment of other cells), but this is not a required observation to make the diagnosis, nor does the absence of the sign rule out HLH. (cincinnatichildrens.org)

B rain microvascular endothelial cells also display CD48. (hcdm.org)

A previous study has reported that fucoidan can suppress IgE induction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). (who.int)

Cross-linking of Siglec-8 inhibits Fc epsilon RI alpha induced mast cell degranulation. (rndsystems.com)

005). At IRIS onset, degranulation capacity did not differ between patients, whereas activating receptor expression was lower in IRIS patients. (pasteur.fr)
Previous studies demonstrate that Ras guanyl nucleotide-releasing protein (RasGRP)1 is essential in T cell receptor-mediated Ras-Erk activation. (duke.edu)
The IgE can attach to Mast cells by Fc receptor, which increases the life span of the IgE. (slideserve.com)

Antibody-dependent mast cell activation constitutes a novel mechanism to explain enhanced vascular leakage during secondary DENV infection. (elifesciences.org)
In this study, we investigate the contribution of chromatin state dynamics during NK cell activation by comprehensively analyzing a set of microarray data and two sets of Chromatin Immunoprecipitation-Sequencing (ChIP-seq) data. (oncotarget.com)
Our results suggest that the histone modification state has a profound impact on NK cell activation, and provide novel insights into the regulation of NK cellular cytotoxicity and immunoregulatory function by chromatin state dynamics. (oncotarget.com)
CSE at 2.5% was non-toxic and significantly increased MC degranulation following activation. (ispub.com)
Presence of NKG2C overexpression together with high-level activation of NK cells suggest an association with underlying pathogens, a hypothesis warranting further exploration in future studies. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we report that RasGRP1 plays an important role in FcepsilonRI-mediated PI3K activation and mast cell function. (duke.edu)
Expression of a constitutively active form of N-Ras could rescue the degranulation defect and Akt activation. (duke.edu)
We further demonstrated that RasGRP1-/- mast cells were defective in granule translocation, microtubule formation, and RhoA activation. (duke.edu)
Upon recognition of the antigen and activation by APC, naive T cells differentiate into TH2 cells. (kegg.jp)
Engagement of GPI-linked CD48 contributes to TCR signals and cytoskeletal reorganization: a role for lipid rafts in T cell activation. (hcdm.org)
Triptase is an intermediate in anaphylaxis, which causes activation of the compliment system, and mast cell degranulation. (emottawapodcast.com)

Cardiac stem cell senescence. (nih.gov)

It is well known that mast cells are important for effector functions of classic IgE-associated allergic disorders as well as in host defense against infective agents and influence the manifestation of autoimmune diseases. (hindawi.com)
It is well known that mast cells are important for effector functions of classic IgE-associated allergic disorders as well as in host defense against parasites, viruses, and bacteria and also influence the manifestation of autoimmune diseases including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), or bullous pemphigoid (BP). (hindawi.com)
There is not much published data regarding the analysis and quantification of mast cells in the five most common dermatoses, that is, lichen simplex chronicus, Psoriasis, lichen planus, lupus, and insect bite/allergic contact dermatitis/nummular dermatitis. (hindawi.com)
Degranulation is involved in the immediate (type I) allergic reaction. (pharmacology2000.com)
An essential role for RasGRP1 in mast cell function and IgE-mediated allergic response. (duke.edu)

There may be evident subcutaneous or dermal edema, an increase in the number of mast cells, and a modest perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, perhaps intermingled with cosinophils. (cdc.gov)

The paper aimed to discover the function of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-20a in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of breast most cancers cells. (genoimmun.com)
Cell Counting Package -8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation assay, and circulation cytometry had been employed to research the proliferation and apoptosis of cells. (genoimmun.com)
Silencing miR-20a expression inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of breast most cancers cell. (genoimmun.com)
MiR-20a targets LAMTOR3 gene to manage the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby suppressing the proliferation and facilitating the apoptosis of breast most cancers cells. (genoimmun.com)

The phenotype and polyfunctional capacities of NK cells were explored according to infectious stigma and clinical parameters (IQ, social, and communication scores). (biomedcentral.com)

Despite the strong expression of CD112 and CD155 on sarcoma cells, characterization of freshly dissociated sarcomas revealed a general decrease in tumor-infiltrating NK cells compared to the periphery, suggesting a defect in the endogenous NK cell response. (frontiersin.org)

Our examine recommended that the inhibitory mechanism of narirutin on RBL-2H3 cells degranulation may very well be associated to manage MAPK, NF-κB and Tyrosine kinase signaling pathway. (genoimmun.com)

Unlike other haematopoietic cells that leave the bone marrow as fully mature cells, MCs leave the bone marrow as immature committed progenitors and undergo their final differentiation in connective tissues such as the skin, and in the mucosae of the respiratory tract and gut under the influence of stem cell factor (SCF) and other locally produced cytokines. (ispub.com)
T cell differentiation. (cdc.gov)

Analysis of tumors from 32 sarcoma patients identified the proliferative marker PCNA and DNAM-1 ligands CD112 and/or CD155 as commonly expressed antigens that could be efficiently targeted by genetically modified (GM) NK cells. (frontiersin.org)
These macrophages, in addition to smooth muscle cells, activate T cells by presenting antigens, including oxidized LDL. (medscape.com)

2B4, the natural killer and T cell immunoglobulin superfamily surface protein, is a ligand for CD48. (hcdm.org)

Right here, inhibitory mechanism of narirutin on RBL-2H3 cells degranulation was investigated. (genoimmun.com)

Les numérations plaquettaire et leucocytaire ainsi que la concentration en cytokines (IL-2R, IL-8 et TNF-) ont été me- surées. (who.int)

The knockdown of LAMTOR3 expression repressed the affect of miR-20a on the proliferation of breast most cancers cells. (genoimmun.com)

Does Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Compromise Mast Cell Function? (ispub.com)
Our results identified RasGRP1 as an essential regulator of mast cell function. (duke.edu)

1] Although NETs may develop in almost any organ, they predominate within the pancreas and the gastrointestinal tract, where they are thought to originate from the islets of Langerhans and enterochromaffin cells of the gut, respectively. (cancernetwork.com)

The STAT3 protein is also involved in the formation of cells that build and break down bone tissue, which could help explain why STAT3 gene mutations lead to the skeletal and dental abnormalities characteristic of this condition. (medlineplus.gov)
Finally, NSP8 and NSP9 bind to the 7SL RNA in the Signal Recognition Particle and interfere with protein trafficking to the cell membrane upon infection. (cdc.gov)

Mast cells, which reside in the skin and other tissues, release histamine and other inflammatory chemicals into the bloodstream and surrounding tissue in response to certain stimuli, a process known as degranulation. (eurekalert.org)
Often when dogs get mast cell tumors, there can be a large release of histamines due to cell degranulation. (newson6.com)
Release regulation is present in most mast cells. (pharmacology2000.com)
A second type of release occurs following chemical or mechanical injury to mast cells. (pharmacology2000.com)

There is a large body of literature demonstrating an important role of mast cells in adaptive and innate immunity. (hindawi.com)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Degranulation of beta-cells of the islets of lagerhans following intragastric administration of magnesium chloride. (who.int)

Human umbilical tissue-derived cells rescue retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction in retinal degeneration. (ndriresource.org)

We conclude that NK-degranulation levels identify higher IRIS risk in HIV-infected patients with TB. (pasteur.fr)
By performing single-cell RNA-sequencing, quantitative real-time PCR , and immunofluorescence analyses of fetal gonads between 40 and 90 days of fetal age, we evaluated the molecular signatures of bovine germ cells on the preliminary levels of gonadal improvement. (genoimmun.com)
Finally, we demonstrate that a series of small molecule inhibitors, which are specific to H3K4 and H3K27 modification, enhance degranulation or the expression levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α. (oncotarget.com)
Histamine levels rose rapidly in response to vibration and subsided after about an hour, indicating that mast cells had released their contents. (eurekalert.org)

Using GM NK-92 cells against primary sarcoma explants ( n = 12) revealed that DNAM-1 over-expression on NK-92 cells led to efficient degranulation against all tested explants ( n = 12). (frontiersin.org)
In conclusion, DNAM-1 or NKG2D over-expression elicited a dynamic increase in NK cell degranulation against all sarcoma explants and cancer cell lines tested, including those that failed to induce a notable response in WT NK-92 cells. (frontiersin.org)
Cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8 kits , cell degranulation was analyzed by ELISA strategies, morphology and ultrastructure of cells was noticed by atomic power microscopy, intracellular Ca 2+ focus was measured by fluorescence microscopre, mRNA expression had been measured by PCR , and signaling pathways had been measured by WB. (genoimmun.com)
The expression of miR-20a in breast most cancers cells was analyzed by way of quantitative Actual Time-Polymerase Chain Response (qRT- PCR ) assay. (genoimmun.com)
It was discovered that the expression of miR-20a was upregulated in breast most cancers cell traces. (genoimmun.com)

The other important observation was the dendritic morphology of the mast cells. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms9

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes15

Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes induce mast cell activation and cytokine release. (1/1340)

Potent mast cell degranulation and vascular permeability triggered by urocortin through activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors. (2/1340)

A functional granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor is required for normal chemoattractant-induced neutrophil activation. (3/1340)

Neurotensin is a proinflammatory neuropeptide in colonic inflammation. (4/1340)

Mucosal mast cell secretion processes imaged using three-photon microscopy of 5-hydroxytryptamine autofluorescence. (5/1340)

Tracking single secretory granules in live chromaffin cells by evanescent-field fluorescence microscopy. (6/1340)

LXA4, aspirin-triggered 15-epi-LXA4, and their analogs selectively downregulate PMN azurophilic degranulation. (7/1340)

Nerve growth factor modifies the expression of inflammatory cytokines by mast cells via a prostanoid-dependent mechanism. (8/1340)

Cell Degranulation

Mast Cells

p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine

Histamine Release

Anaphylaxis

Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis

Receptors, IgE

Immunoglobulin E

beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases

Cromolyn Sodium

Cytoplasmic Granules

Histamine

Tryptases

Ketotifen

Anti-Allergic Agents

Norbornanes

Basophils

Basophil Degranulation Test

Complement C3a

Edema

Chymases

Gliotoxin

Neutrophils

Histamine Antagonists

Allergens

Urticaria

Eosinophils

Capillary Permeability

Hypersensitivity

Pyrilamine

Streptomycetaceae

Venules

Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype

Skin

Substance P

Conjunctivitis, Allergic

Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype

Ovalbumin

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Cells, Cultured

Methysergide

Exocytosis

Phospholipase C gamma

Calcium

Dermatitis

Antigens

Reagins

Mice, Knockout

Mastocytosis

Eosinophil Peroxidase

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Signal Transduction

Receptors, Neurotensin

Bone Marrow Cells

Hypersensitivity, Immediate

Disease Models, Animal

Receptors, IgG

Peritoneal Cavity

Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1

Rats, Inbred BN

N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine

Rats, Wistar

Neutrophil Infiltration

Receptor, PAR-2

Splanchnic Circulation

Cytokines

Serine Endopeptidases

Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype

Killer Cells, Natural

Cell Line

Antigens, CD63

Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute

Serine Proteinase Inhibitors

Cell Count

Leukocytes

Phosphorylation

Mice, Mutant Strains

Bronchial Hyperreactivity

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Guinea Pigs