Cell count. Medical search

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

The number of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. Determination requires the use of a fluorescence-activated flow cytometer.

The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.

The number of LEUKOCYTES and ERYTHROCYTES per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD. A complete blood count (CBC) also includes measurement of the HEMOGLOBIN; HEMATOCRIT; and ERYTHROCYTE INDICES.

The number of PLATELETS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression.

The number of RED BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD.

The number of LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD.

Agents used to treat AIDS and/or stop the spread of the HIV infection. These do not include drugs used to treat symptoms or opportunistic infections associated with AIDS.

Drug regimens, for patients with HIV INFECTIONS, that aggressively suppress HIV replication. The regimens usually involve administration of three or more different drugs including a protease inhibitor.

The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.

Agents used to treat RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.

INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.

An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.

The white liquid secreted by the mammary glands. It contains proteins, sugar, lipids, vitamins, and minerals.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

A count of SPERM in the ejaculum, expressed as number per milliliter.

Development of neutralizing antibodies in individuals who have been exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/HTLV-III/LAV).

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Ratio of T-LYMPHOCYTES that express the CD4 ANTIGEN to those that express the CD8 ANTIGEN. This value is commonly assessed in the diagnosis and staging of diseases affecting the IMMUNE SYSTEM including HIV INFECTIONS.

Material coughed up from the lungs and expectorated via the mouth. It contains MUCUS, cellular debris, and microorganisms. It may also contain blood or pus.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Tests used in the analysis of the hemic system.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

The number of RETICULOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. The values are expressed as a percentage of the ERYTHROCYTE COUNT or in the form of an index ("corrected reticulocyte index"), which attempts to account for the number of circulating erythrocytes.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

A republic in southern Africa, the southernmost part of Africa. It has three capitals: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), and Bloemfontein (judicial). Officially the Republic of South Africa since 1960, it was called the Union of South Africa 1910-1960.

The volume of packed RED BLOOD CELLS in a blood specimen. The volume is measured by centrifugation in a tube with graduated markings, or with automated blood cell counters. It is an indicator of erythrocyte status in disease. For example, ANEMIA shows a low value; POLYCYTHEMIA, a high value.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

Determination of parasite eggs in feces.

A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.

Immune status consisting of non-production of HIV antibodies, as determined by various serological tests.

A watery fluid that is continuously produced in the CHOROID PLEXUS and circulates around the surface of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and in the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.

Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.

The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.

The presence of viruses in the blood.

A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.

Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin.

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.

Inhibitors of HIV PROTEASE, an enzyme required for production of proteins needed for viral assembly.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A classification of lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

The washing of a body cavity or surface by flowing water or solution for therapy or diagnosis.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of SUDAN and west of KENYA. Its capital is Kampala.

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.

OXAZINES with a fused BENZENE ring.

ERYTHROCYTE size and HEMOGLOBIN content or concentration, usually derived from ERYTHROCYTE COUNT; BLOOD hemoglobin concentration; and HEMATOCRIT. The indices include the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

Inhibitors of reverse transcriptase (RNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE), an enzyme that synthesizes DNA on an RNA template.

INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.

Infection of the retina by cytomegalovirus characterized by retinal necrosis, hemorrhage, vessel sheathing, and retinal edema. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is a major opportunistic infection in AIDS patients and can cause blindness.

A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Reproducible depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes below 300 per cubic millimeter in the absence of HIV infection or other known causes of immunodeficiency. This is a rare, heterogeneous syndrome and does not appear to be caused by a transmissible agent.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.

A measure of the quality of health care by assessment of unsuccessful results of management and procedures used in combating disease, in individual cases or series.

A glycoprotein of MW 25 kDa containing internal disulfide bonds. It induces the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocyte precursor cells and functionally activates mature blood neutrophils. Among the family of colony-stimulating factors, G-CSF is the most potent inducer of terminal differentiation to granulocytes and macrophages of leukemic myeloid cell lines.

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)

A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.

Simultaneous infection of a host organism by two or more pathogens. In virology, coinfection commonly refers to simultaneous infection of a single cell by two or more different viruses.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.

Tapping fluid from the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region, usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

Measurement of rate of settling of erythrocytes in anticoagulated blood.

Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.

A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease.

An infant during the first month after birth.

A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.

A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with morphology, physiology, and pathology of the blood and blood-forming tissues.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

A republic in western Africa, south of MALI and BURKINA FASO, bordered by GHANA on the east. Its administrative capital is Abidjan and Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983. The country was formerly called Ivory Coast.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

The processes of milk secretion by the maternal MAMMARY GLANDS after PARTURITION. The proliferation of the mammary glandular tissue, milk synthesis, and milk expulsion or let down are regulated by the interactions of several hormones including ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; and OXYTOCIN.

MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.

Measurable quantity of bacteria in an object, organism, or organism compartment.

A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.

Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.

A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.

Washing out of the lungs with saline or mucolytic agents for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It is very useful in the diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients.

Process of classifying cells of the immune system based on structural and functional differences. The process is commonly used to analyze and sort T-lymphocytes into subsets based on CD antigens by the technique of flow cytometry.

The preparation of leukocyte concentrates with the return of red cells and leukocyte-poor plasma to the donor.

Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.

Proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid, normally albumin and globulin present in the ratio of 8 to 1. Increases in protein levels are of diagnostic value in neurological diseases. (Brain and Bannister's Clinical Neurology, 7th ed, p221)

A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.

An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.

Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Increased numbers of platelets in the peripheral blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2)

All of Africa except Northern Africa (AFRICA, NORTHERN).

An examination of chemicals in the blood.

The ability of viruses to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents or antiviral agents. This resistance is acquired through gene mutation.

Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.

Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.

The cells found in the body fluid circulating throughout the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

Leukocytes with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. They are divided into three groups according to the staining properties of the granules: neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic. Mature granulocytes are the NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and BASOPHILS.

A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.

Glycoproteins found on immature hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. They are the only molecules to date whose expression within the blood system is restricted to a small number of progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.

A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.

An HIV protease inhibitor used in a fixed-dose combination with RITONAVIR. It is also an inhibitor of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.

The release of stem cells from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood circulation for the purpose of leukapheresis, prior to stem cell transplantation. Hematopoietic growth factors or chemotherapeutic agents often are used to stimulate the mobilization.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

The process of observing, recording, or detecting the effects of a chemical substance administered to an individual therapeutically or diagnostically.

A republic in southern Africa, south of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and TANZANIA, and north of ZIMBABWE. Its capital is Lusaka. It was formerly called Northern Rhodesia.

Enlargement of the spleen.

Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive.

Proteins found in EOSINOPHIL granules. They are primarily basic proteins that play a role in host defense and the proinflammatory actions of activated eosinophils.

The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.

Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. They are divided into two main classes: "first-line" agents, those with the greatest efficacy and acceptable degrees of toxicity used successfully in the great majority of cases; and "second-line" drugs used in drug-resistant cases or those in which some other patient-related condition has compromised the effectiveness of primary therapy.

A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.

A peripheral blood picture resembling that of leukemia or indistinguishable from it on the basis of morphologic appearance alone. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Carbon-containing phosphonic acid compounds. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either OXYGEN atom or the PHOSPHOROUS atom of the (P=O)O2 structure.

A major core protein of the human immunodeficiency virus encoded by the HIV gag gene. HIV-seropositive individuals mount a significant immune response to p24 and thus detection of antibodies to p24 is one basis for determining HIV infection by ELISA and Western blot assays. The protein is also being investigated as a potential HIV immunogen in vaccines.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

A republic in southern Africa, between NAMIBIA and ZAMBIA. It was formerly called Bechuanaland. Its capital is Gaborone. The Kalahari Desert is in the west and southwest.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Nucleosides that have two hydroxy groups removed from the sugar moiety. The majority of these compounds have broad-spectrum antiretroviral activity due to their action as antimetabolites. The nucleosides are phosphorylated intracellularly to their 5'-triphosphates and act as chain-terminating inhibitors of viral reverse transcription.

A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating AIDS-related complex (ARC) from AIDS include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in AIDS; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in ARC lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of AIDS; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown AIDS.

A classification of T-lymphocytes, especially into helper/inducer, suppressor/effector, and cytotoxic subsets, based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells.

A human or animal whose immunologic mechanism is deficient because of an immunodeficiency disorder or other disease or as the result of the administration of immunosuppressive drugs or radiation.

Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Six-membered heterocycles containing an oxygen and a nitrogen.

Surgical procedure involving either partial or entire removal of the spleen.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA and north of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Dar es Salaam. It was formed in 1964 by a merger of the countries of TANGANYIKA and ZANZIBAR.

Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.

A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of B-LYMPHOCYTES and is also a growth factor for HYBRIDOMAS and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and FIBROBLASTS.

Procedures for collecting, preserving, and transporting of specimens sufficiently stable to provide accurate and precise results suitable for clinical interpretation.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

The development and formation of various types of BLOOD CELLS. Hematopoiesis can take place in the BONE MARROW (medullary) or outside the bone marrow (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.

Single layer of large flattened cells covering the surface of the cornea.

Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.

An HIV species related to HIV-1 but carrying different antigenic components and with differing nucleic acid composition. It shares serologic reactivity and sequence homology with the simian Lentivirus SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and infects only T4-lymphocytes expressing the CD4 phenotypic marker.

Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.

The ability of viruses to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance phenotype may be attributed to multiple gene mutation.

Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.

Formerly known as Siam, this is a Southeast Asian nation at the center of the Indochina peninsula. Bangkok is the capital city.

An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

In vitro effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) on bovine cells. (1/11947)

Bovine fetal muscle cells were exposed to culture media containing 2 mg and 20 mg per liter of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) for varying intervals to determine the in vitro response of mammalian cells to this compound. The concentrations of 2,4-D used were comparable to those used in spray programmes although the residues normally found in pasture are much lower since 2,4-D is rapidly degraded under field conditions. Untreated and treated cultures were analyzed for total cell count, mitotic index and the percentages of differentiating and degenerating cells. The response of cultures to treatment was similar irrespective of the concentrations of 2,4-D used although in higher concentrations there was an initial drop in mitotic index. Other changes noted in treated cultures included an increase in differentiating and degenerating cells compared to those in control. The mitotic cells in treated cultures exhibited unipolar and tripolar spindles and a variety of other abnormalities including malorientation of the mitotic apparatus in relation to the axis of the cell. Myoblasts in initial stages of myogenesis were noted to be in mitosis in treated cultures suggesting that 2,4-D may have a stimulatory effect on myoblasts which in normal myogenesis are in post mitotic stage. (+info)

Urethral response to latex and Silastic catheters. (2/11947)

The reaction of the urethral mucosa to latex and Silastic catheters was compared in two groups of patients undergoing prostatectomy. The bacteriologic response in the two groups differed little; however, Silastic catheters produced less cellular reaction than latex catheters. (+info)

Electronic volume analysis of L1210 chemotherapy. (3/11947)

The rapid analysis of in vivo chemotherapy on the L1210 ascites tumor grown in C57BL/6 X DBA/2F1 mice has been shown by means of an electronic volume analysis. The drugs were injected on the 4th day of tumor growth, and the cells in the peritoneal cavity were studied at 24-hr intervals on the 5th through 7th day. Using the electronic cell volume distributions, combined with labeling indices, cell morphology, and cell counts, it was found that the alkylating agents. 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and cyclophosphamide, at the dosages used, were more effective than the S-phase-specific drugs, palmitoyl ester of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, vincristine, and methotrexate. (+info)

Analysis of the effects of food and of digestive secretions on the small intestine of the rat. 1. Mucosal morphology and epithelial replacement. (4/11947)

A modified Roux-en-Y repositioning of rat small intestine was performed so that the proximal segment of bowel (A) received only bile and pancreastic secretions, the second (B) received food direct from the stomach, and these two segments drained into a third (C). Four to five weeks after operation, cell production was assessed by injection of vincristine into operated, sham-operated and unoperated rats, and counts of blocked metaphases were made on isolated microdissected crypts. Villus height, crypt depth, and the number of crypts per villus (crypt/villus ratio) were also measured. Most of segment A showed no significant differences from sham-operated intestine, although the normal proximo-distal gradient of villus height was abolished. At the distal end (near the anastomosis with segments B and C), crypt depth and cell production were increased. The villus height gradient in segment B was also abolished, although crypt depth and cell production were significantly increased, especially at the proximal end. Crypt/villus ratio was also increased. Segment C showed all the characteristics of small bowel promoted to a more proximal position: increased villus height, crypt depth and cell production. Increased crypt/villus ratio was also observed. These results are discussed in terms of the role of food and of digestive secretions in the control of mucosal morphology and epithelial replacement. (+info)

Transformation of intestinal epithelial cells by chronic TGF-beta1 treatment results in downregulation of the type II TGF-beta receptor and induction of cyclooxygenase-2. (5/11947)

The precise role of TGF-beta in colorectal carcinogenesis is not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine the phenotypic alterations caused by chronic exposure to TGF-beta in non-transformed intestinal epithelial (RIE-1) cells. Growth of RIE-1 cells was inhibited by >75% following TGF-beta1 treatment for 7 days, after which the cells resumed a normal growth despite the presence of TGF-beta1. These 'TGF-beta-resistant' cells (RIE-Tr) were continuously exposed to TGF-beta for >50 days. Unlike the parental RIE cells, RIE-Tr cells lost contact inhibition, formed foci in culture, grew in soft agarose. RIE-Tr cells demonstrated TGF-beta-dependent invasive potential in an in vitro assay and were resistant to Matrigel and Na-butyrate-induced apoptosis. The RIE-Tr cells were also tumorigenic in nude mice. The transformed phenotype of RIE-Tr cells was associated with a 95% decrease in the level of the type II TGF-beta receptor (TbetaRII) protein, a 40-fold increase in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein, and 5.9-fold increase in the production of prostacyclin. Most RIE-Tr subclones that expressed low levels of TbetaRII and high levels of COX-2 were tumorigenic. Those subclones that express abundant TbetaRII and low levels of COX-2 were not tumorigenic in nude mice. A selective COX-2 inhibitor inhibited RIE-Tr cell growth in culture and tumor growth in nude mice. The reduced expression of TbetaRII, increased expression of COX-2, and the ability to form colonies in Matrigel were all reversible upon withdrawal of exogenous TGF-beta1 for the RIE-Tr cells. (+info)

p27 is involved in N-cadherin-mediated contact inhibition of cell growth and S-phase entry. (6/11947)

In this study the direct involvement of cadherins in adhesion-mediated growth inhibition was investigated. It is shown here that overexpression of N-cadherin in CHO cells significantly suppresses their growth rate. Interaction of these cells and two additional fibroblastic lines with synthetic beads coated with N-cadherin ligands (recombinant N-cadherin ectodomain or specific antibodies) leads to growth arrest at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The cadherin-reactive beads inhibit the entry into S phase and the reduction in the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors p21 and p27, following serum-stimulation of starved cells. In exponentially growing cells these beads induce G1 arrest accompanied by elevation in p27 only. We propose that cadherin-mediated signaling is involved in contact inhibition of growth by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and elevation of p27 levels. (+info)

Gender-related differences in myocyte remodeling in progression to heart failure. (7/11947)

Gender-related differences responsible for the better prognosis of females with heart failure have not been clearly established. To address this issue, we investigated potential gender-related differences in myocyte remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats. Echocardiograms and myocyte growth were compared between males and females at compensated (2, 4, and 6 months) and decompensated (18 months in males and 24 months in females) stages of cardiac hypertrophy. Although left ventricular diastolic dimensions did not differ significantly between failing male and female rats, fractional shortening declined significantly only in failing males. Myocyte cross-sectional area did not change after 4 months of age in both genders, which is likely to be responsible for the absence of a change in left ventricular wall thickness during the progression to heart failure. Myocyte volume and cross-sectional area were significantly larger in males than females at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, although there were no significant differences at the failing stage. Reduced adaptive hypertrophic reserve was observed in males, which is likely to contribute to the higher morbidity and mortality of males with chronic heart failure. (+info)

Luteal regression in the normally cycling rat: apoptosis, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and inflammatory cell involvement. (8/11947)

In hypophysectomized rats, prolactin induces regression of the corpora lutea. Luteal regression is accompanied by infiltration of monocytes/macrophages, declines in luteal mass and plasma progestins, and increased staining for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). We investigated whether similar events are induced during the estrous cycle, after the proestrous prolactin surge. Rats were killed on proestrus or on estrus, and one ovary was frozen for immunohistochemical detection of MCP-1, monocytes/macrophages (ED1-positive), and differentiated macrophages (ED2-positive) and for in situ detection of apoptotic nuclei. Corpora lutea of the current (proestrus) or preceding (estrus) cycle were dissected from the ovaries of additional rats and frozen for the same analyses and for determination of total protein content. In sections of whole ovaries, intensity and distribution of MCP-1 staining were increased in corpora lutea of multiple ages on estrus as compared to proestrus, as were numbers of differentiated macrophages and apoptotic nuclei per high-power field. Sections of isolated corpora lutea showed these increases on estrus, and the number of monocytes/macrophages per high-power field was also significantly increased. Accompanying these inflammatory/immune events, the corpora lutea on estrus showed decreased weight and total protein per corpus luteum, as compared to corpora lutea on proestrus. These changes are consistent with a proposed role for prolactin in the initiation of luteal apoptosis and of a sequence of inflammatory/immune events that accompany regression of the rat corpus luteum during the normal estrous cycle. (+info)

"Red Blood Cell Pit Count". Red Blood Cell Lab. Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute. 2010. Retrieved March 2, 2016. ... Autosplenectomy can occur in cases of sickle-cell disease where the misshapen cells block blood flow to the spleen, causing ... Howell-Jolly bodies are found on red blood cells and contain chromatin remnants from basophilic cells. Under normal conditions ... One of the spleen's main tasks is to filter the blood and remove and recycle damaged or old red blood cells. Splenic function ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosplenectomy

Counting with colony-forming units requires culturing the microbes and counts only viable cells, in contrast with microscopic ... The Most Probable Number method counts viable cells and is useful when enumerating low concentrations of cells or enumerating ... and when counting colonies it is uncertain if the colony arose from one cell or a group of cells. Expressing results as colony- ... The purpose of plate counting is to estimate the number of cells present based on their ability to give rise to colonies under ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony-forming_unit

In cases of extremely low white blood cell count, it may be difficult to perform a manual differential of the various types of ... Blumenreich, Martin S. (1990). "The White Blood Cell and Differential Count". Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and ... with white blood cells providing approximately 10 times more concentrated sources of nucleated cells. They are extracted from ... The buffy coat is the fraction of an anticoagulated blood sample that contains most of the white blood cells and platelets ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffy_coat

Blumenreich MS (1990). "The White Blood Cell and Differential Count". In Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (eds.). Clinical Methods ... These are multipotent cells that reside in the bone marrow niche and have the ability to give rise to all heamatopoetic cells, ... It restricts the cell cycle of immature cells by inhibition of CDK2 and CDK4 and promotes granulocytic differentiation. Steady ... Granulocytes are short lived cells (their lifespan is between 6 and 8 hours) with a high cell turnover. The number of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulopoiesis

White blood cell count is usually elevated. Severe sepsis may present with hypothermia or leukopenia. The pathological process ... There is relative destruction of the ganglion cells and swelling of the nerve fibers in the myenteric plexus, with concomitant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_megacolon

This may occur at any stage during treatment and without warning; monitoring of white cell count is not useful. Patients are ... If this confirms a low neutrophil count, discontinuation of the drug leads to recovery. However failure to report suggestive ... advised to immediately report symptoms of infection, such as sore throat or fever, so that a full blood count test may be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbimazole

A small decrease in cell count was noted. This decrease was not large enough to conclude that beeswax wrap reduces yeast- ... It was found that incubation with the beeswax wrap led to a decline in the number of both cells and a decline in bacterial ... To detect the anti-bacterial activity of beeswax wrap they incubated the wrap with bacterial cells in a liquid phase. They used ... that beeswax wrap is capable of preventing the activity of microbes that contaminate food by inhibiting the viable cell count ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beeswax_wrap

At admission: Age > 55 years WBC count > 16000 cells/mm3 Blood glucose > 11.11 mmol/L (> 200 mg/dL) Serum AST > 250 IU/100 ml ... 100 ml WBC count > 18000 cells/mm3 Within 48 hours: Serum calcium < 8 mg/dL Hematocrit decreased by > 10% Base deficit > 4 mEq/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranson_criteria

"Stem cell researcher's retraction count may near two dozen". Retraction Watch. Center for Scientific Integrity. Retrieved 2020- ... Bonetta L (March 2006). "The aftermath of scientific fraud". Cell. 124 (5): 873-75. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.032. PMID ... "Retraction count grows to 35 for scientist who faked emails to do his own peer review". Retraction Watch. 2012-09-17. Retrieved ... "Retraction of Cell paper by Robert Weinberg". Archived from the original on April 24, 2015. "Nih Guide: Findings Of Scientific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_scientific_misconduct_incidents

PML can dissipate on its own in patients with T-cell counts higher than 300-400. At the time, Zamora's T-cell count was 32. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Zamora

The white blood cell count may be mildly elevated. Fecal calprotectin, a marker of colon inflammation, may be elevated in ... although the white blood cell count may be mildly elevated. Fecal calprotectin, a marker of colon inflammation, may be elevated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segmental_colitis_associated_with_diverticulosis

Cell count and differential[edit]. The number of white blood cells can give an indication of infection. The specific subtypes ... In the case of blood: it will contain some or all plasma proteins, white blood cells, platelets and (in the case of local ... The amount of red blood cells are an obvious sign of bleeding. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracocentesis

WebDiet uses cell phones to help count calories". "Daren Riley and Wendell Brown of APPEO". "The World Economic Forum". "TED: ... In 2008, Brown invented WebDiet, a method of using mobile phones to count food consumption to improve health. The WebDiet app ... was recognized as the first app to count calories and automate meal coaching. Brown's philanthropic involvements include the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Brown

The proportionator applies PPS to counting cells. The PPS is employed to gain efficiency in the sampling, and not to produce a ... A typical application is counting the number of cells in an organ. The proportionator is related to the optical fractionator ... The proportionator is the de facto standard method used to count cells in large projects. The increased efficiency provided by ... The application of PPS to cell counting makes larger scale research projects possible, while saving time and reducing expenses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionator

Perez, GM; Keyser, RB (September 1986). "Cell body counts in human ciliary ganglia". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual ... In her own words: Let's say that in a given fresh Adie's pupil, a random 70% of the cells in the ciliary ganglion stop working ... She noted that pathological destruction of nerve cells in the ciliary ganglion that is found in all cases of Adie pupil. ... Early in the course of Adie syndrome (when the cells of the ciliary ganglion have been destroyed, but before regeneration has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliary_ganglion

Bloodwork may show dehydration and/or increased white blood cell count. X-rays will show an enlarged uterus, and ultrasound ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyometra

... is a condition in which the white cell (leukocyte count) is above the normal range in the blood. It is frequently ... Bacterial infection Complete blood count Leukocytosis in head trauma White blood cell Rogers, Kara, ed. (2011), "Leukocytosis ... "The effect of labor and delivery on white blood cell count". The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 29 (18): 2904-8 ... and leukocytosis in which eosinophil count is elevated is eosinophilia. An extreme form of leukocytosis, in which the WBC count ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukocytosis

Whole blood analysis may show an elevated white blood cell count; this finding lends support to the theory that panosteitis is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panosteitis

The term leukemoid reaction describes an increased white blood cell count (> 50,000 cells/μL), which is a physiological ... It often describes the presence of immature cells such as myeloblasts or red blood cells with nuclei in the peripheral blood. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukemoid_reaction

Side effects include hyperthermia and decrease in white blood cell count. These effects tend to be mild and transient. It is a ... It has also been tried on cancer cell cultures. RFeIFN-ω, delivered topically, is ineffective against feline upper respiratory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinant_feline_interferon_omega

... degree Celsius Erythrocyte cell count in patient blood NPU01960 Blood-Erythrocytes; number concentration = ? x 1012 per litre ... Whole blood includes PLASMA and BLOOD CELLS." Example 2: The reference for 'Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain' is UniProt ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPU_terminology

Winston had a very low white and red blood cell count. He ruptured his spleen, did not have enough cells to fight it, and died ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darrin_Winston

... is an increased cell count (from Greek pleion, "more"), particularly an increase in white blood cell count, in a bodily fluid, ... It is often defined specifically as an increased white blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid. Increased white blood cell ... count in the blood is called leukocytosis. TheFreeDictionary > pleocytosis Citing: The American Heritage Medical Dictionary, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocytosis

Blood cell counts should be taken very frequently. Patients with renal disease should receive flucytosine cautiously and in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flucytosine

Modern complete blood count analyzers can provide an automated white blood cell differential, but they have a limited ability ... The aim is to get a region, called a monolayer, where the cells are spaced far enough apart to be counted and differentiated. ... Buttarello, M; Plebani, M (Jul 2008). "Automated blood cell counts: state of the art". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. ... The white blood cell differential can reveal abnormalities in the proportions of white blood cell types, such as neutrophilia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_film

1878). "Über Blutkörper-Zählung" [About Counting Blood Cells]. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft (in German). Jena, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Abbe

... the platelet count or white blood cell count may also be increased. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is decreased due ... Symptomatic treatment (see below) can normalize the blood count and most patients can live a normal life for years. The disease ... Polycythemia vera is an uncommon myeloproliferative neoplasm in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. It may ... Phlebotomy is typically performed to bring their hematocrit (red blood cell percentage) down below 45 for men or 42 for women. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycythemia_vera

Wilson, R S; Roper-Hall, M J (1982). "Effect of age on the endothelial cell count in the normal eye". British Journal of ... Typically, loss of endothelial cell density is accompanied by increases in cell size variability (polymegathism) and cell shape ... Thereafter the endothelial cell density (but not the absolute number of cells) rapidly declines, as the fetal cornea grows in ... Endothelial cell loss, if sufficiently severe, can cause endothelial cell density to fall below the threshold level needed to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneal_endothelium

... patients with depression are shown to have a lower astrocyte cell count. Further research and understanding of the correlation ... These cells do not simply carry out functions of structural support, but can also take part in cell-to-cell communication with ... Because glial cells greatly outnumber neurons in the brain, accounting for over 70% of all cells in the central nervous system ... Another occurrence of gliotransmission takes place between glial cells in the retina, called Müller cells, and retinal neurons ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliotransmitter

... but continue to survive within the blood cells, feeding on the cytoplasm. The lobster's blood cell count drops, and the ... They may be engulfed by phagocytosis into the lobster's blood cells, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffkaemia

1156 patients with a mean of 87 CD4 cell counts and mean viral load of 100,000 copies/ml were randomized to one of the two ... There were higher CD4 cell counts and less viral load in patients assigned to the three-drug group, proving that a three-drug ... Eligible patients were those who received AZT for at least 6 months and have CD4 cell counts between 50 and 400, viral loads of ... Patients had to have CD4 cell counts less than 200 and at least 3 months of AZT therapy before the trials. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indinavir

The cells met to read Marxist texts and hold self-criticism sessions.[51] Sâr joined a cell that met on the rue Lacepède; his ... Seybolt, Taylor B.; Aronson, Jay D.; Fischoff, Baruch (2013). Counting Civilian Casualties: An Introduction to Recording and ... which are more likely to produce an under-count of bodies rather than an over-estimate."[315] Demographer Patrick Heuveline ... They established party cells, emphasising the recruitment of small numbers of dedicated members, and organized political ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol_Pot

The] clave pattern has two opposing rhythm cells: the first cell consists of three strokes, or the rhythm cell, which is called ... Different ways to count the 6. 8 clave, the first of which is correct Play (help·info). ... 8 clave-based music is generated from cross-rhythm, it is possible to count or feel the 6. 8 clave in several different ways. ... 8) represents the correct count and ground of the "6. 8 clave".[54] The four dotted quarter-notes across the two bottom ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)

The element is known to damage cell membranes of water animals, causing several negative influences on reproduction and on the ... Yttrium, and less frequently scandium, are sometimes also counted as rare-earth metals. ... The high radioactivity of lawrencium would make it highly toxic to living cells, causing radiation poisoning. The same is true ... The radioactivity of the actinides generally makes them highly toxic to living cells, causing radiation poisoning. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_3_element

A normal PET data set has millions of counts for the whole acquisition, while the CT can reach a few billion counts. This ... This tracer is a glucose analog that is taken up by glucose-using cells and phosphorylated by hexokinase (whose mitochondrial ... This means that FDG is trapped in any cell that takes it up until it decays, since phosphorylated sugars, due to their ionic ... PET in the management of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PET_scan

... an initially decreased white blood cell count followed by an increased white blood cell count; elevated levels of the liver ... dendritic cells and other cells including liver cells, fibroblasts, and adrenal gland cells.[93] Viral replication triggers ... doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.006. PMC 4243531. PMID 25417101.. *^ a b c d e f g h Kühl A, Pöhlmann S (September 2012). "How Ebola ... liver cells, and several types of immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells are the main targets of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

T-cell count drops below 200).[76] The Medicaid eligibility policy contrasts with the Journal of the American Medical ... or in certain patients commencing at an even higher T-cell count. Due to the high costs associated with HIV medications, many ... guidelines which recommend therapy for all patients with T-cell counts of 350 or less, ... If the federal match expenditure is also counted, the program, on average, takes up 22% of each state's budget.[83][84] Some 43 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicaid

... and Th1 cells.[45] IL-1α stimulates increased skin cell activity and reproduction, which, in turn, fuels comedo development.[45 ... The Leeds acne grading technique counts acne lesions on the face, back, and chest and categorizes them as inflammatory or non- ... and accumulation of skin cells in the hair follicle.[1] In healthy skin, the skin cells that have died come up to the surface ... the increased production of oily sebum causes the dead skin cells to stick together.[10] The accumulation of dead skin cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris

Visweswariah has 95 publications in peer-reviewed journals and 5 book chapters to her credit, with a total citation count of ... Basu et al (2014) Intestinal cell proliferation and senescence is regulated by receptor guanylyl cyclase C and p21 J. Biol. ... the Alliance for Cell Signalling[20] (1997-present), the TB Structural Genomics Consortium, the American Society for ... Indian Society of Cell Biology[19] (1995-present) and the Society of Research in Reproduction, India (1994-present). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandhya_Srikant_Visweswariah

Polymorphonuclear cells also infiltrate the epithelium, and chronic inflammatory cells infiltrate the lamina propria. Atrophic ... Sometimes an underlying medical condition is sought, and this may include blood tests for full blood count and hematinics. If a ... Apart from true hyphae, Candida can also form pseudohyphae - elongated filamentous cells, lined end to end. As a general rule, ... Smears and biopsies are usually stained with periodic acid-Schiff, which stains carbohydrates in fungal cell walls in magenta. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_candidiasis

... expansion of HSC and their progeny is sufficient to normalize the blood cell counts and re-initiate the immune system. The ... who have lost their stem cells after birth. Other conditions[13] treated with stem cell transplants include sickle-cell disease ... Peripheral blood stem cells[26] are now the most common source of stem cells for HSCT. They are collected from the blood ... Sources and storage of cells[edit]. To limit the risks of transplanted stem cell rejection or of severe graft-versus-host ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_Marrow_Transplant

In contrast, when the vertices are unlabeled, graphs that are isomorphic to each other are not counted separately.. leaf. 1. A ... with a one in the cell for row i and column j when vertices i and j are adjacent, and a zero otherwise.[4]. adjacent. The ... Graph enumeration is the problem of counting the graphs in a given class of graphs, as a function of their order. More ... When vertices are labeled, graphs that are isomorphic to each other (but with different vertex orderings) are counted as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predecessor_

... waterspouts are generally not counted unless they affect land, though some European weather agencies count waterspouts and ... Multiple tornadoes produced by the same storm cell are referred to as a "tornado family".[21] Several tornadoes are sometimes ... Tornadic storms do not contain more lightning than other storms and some tornadic cells never produce lightning at all. More ... U. S. Annual January-December Tornado Count 1976-2011 from NOAA National Climatic Data Center ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornadoes

The test code counted how the branches were actually taken. The statistics from the test code were then used by the compiler to ... Therefore, a branch can cause the CPU to begin fetching its instructions from a different sequence of memory cells. ... Good predictors usually count the outcomes of previous executions of a branch. Faster, more expensive computers can then run ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch_instruction

Peter in June 1092.[86] In 1096, the duke of Apulia gave several bones of Saint Nicholas to the count of Flanders, which he ... but Christ and the Virgin Mary appear to him in his cell.[48][54] He tells them he is imprisoned "for loving you"[48] and they ... the theologian Eustratius of Constantinople cites Saint Nicholas of Myra's miracle of the three counts as evidence that souls ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Nicholas

Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells,[223] while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells.[ ... counting from rightmost digit to left). For instance, 1.00794(7) stands for 1.00794±0.00007, while 1.00794(72) stands for 1.007 ... The balance between potassium and sodium is maintained by ion transporter proteins in the cell membrane.[231] The cell membrane ... Unit cell ball-and-stick model of lithium nitride.[118] On the basis of size a tetrahedral structure would be expected, but ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal

Other laboratory findings in Lassa fever include lymphocytopenia (low white blood cell count), thrombocytopenia (low platelets ... or the virus itself in cell culture.[1] Other conditions that may present similarly include Ebola, malaria, typhoid fever, and ... These tests include cell cultures, PCR, ELISA antigen assays, plaque neutralization assays, and immunofluorescence essays. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lassa_fever

... contain glucosinolates as well as myrosinases inside their cells. When the cell is damaged, the myrosinases ... with some very high counts in the North American species of Cardamine, such as C. diphylla. Hybridisation is not unusual in ... Hairs consist of one cell and occur in many forms: from simple to forked, star-, tree- or T-shaped, rarely taking the form of a ... less than 3.425 million base pairs per cell), varying from 150 Mbp in Arabidopsis thaliana and Sphaerocardamum spp., to 2375 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brassicaceae

In this illustration, the activated carbon is in the fourth level (counted from bottom). ... to higher temperatures and either combusted to do work or in the case of hydrogen gas extracted for use in a hydrogen fuel cell ...

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Deaths from snakebites are uncommon in many parts of the world, but are still counted in tens of thousands per year in India.[ ... Cell. 25 (4): 326-328. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2013.05.011. PMID 23725759.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptile

FISH, on the other hand, does not require living cells and can be quantified automatically, a computer counts the fluorescent ... Cells, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) or frozen tissue sections are fixed, then ... FISH can also be used to detect diseased cells more easily than standard Cytogenetic methods, which require dividing cells and ... "Defining the sister rat mammary tumor cell lines HH-16 cl.2/1 and HH-16.cl.4 as an in vitro cell model for Erbb2". PLOS ONE. 7 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization

In this process, fats, obtained from adipose tissue, or fat cells, are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids, which can be ... The first weight-loss book to promote calorie counting, and the first weight-loss book to become a bestseller, was the 1918 ... When the body is expending more energy than it is consuming (e.g. when exercising), the body's cells rely on internally stored ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_plan

However, these are counted upon the procedures and surgical tricks which are used to preserve the sensitivity. Considering the ... Further in the future, stem cell biotechnology may also make this possible, with no need for anti-rejection drugs. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_reassignment_surgery

... figures based on seat count may be skewed by the presence of unused seats that are counted as a result of "bundled CALs", and ... figures based on customer count may be skewed by difference in typical customer organization sizes. IBM has asserted that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Domino

Each cell is identified in hardware and software by its memory address. If the total number of storage cells in memory is n, ... An attempt to read such file on a system of the other endianness then results in a run-time error, because the count fields are ... Computer programs often use data structures of fields that may consist of more data than is stored in one memory cell. For the ... Computer memory consists of a sequence of storage cells. ... then count back down towards the most significant byte (MSB). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Endian

... or a laboratory count. In oncology, the term nadir is used to represent the lowest level of a blood cell count while a patient ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadir

Seen in a configuration matrix, all incidence counts between elements are shown. The diagonal f-vector numbers are derived ... 5-cell. truncated 5-cell. rectified 5-cell. cantellated 5-cell. bitruncated 5-cell. cantitruncated 5-cell. runcinated 5-cell. ... 16-cell • Tesseract. Demitesseract. 24-cell. 120-cell • 600-cell. Uniform 5-polytope. 5-simplex. 5-orthoplex • 5-cube. 5- ... runcitruncated 5-cell. omnitruncated 5-cell. Schläfli. symbol. {3,3,3}. 3r{3,3,3}. t{3,3,3}. 2t{3,3,3}. r{3,3,3}. 2r{3,3,3}. rr ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birectified_pentachoron

It also featured 64 bytes of scratchpad memory, accessed by the ISAR register in cells (register windows) of eight, which meant ... needed to put the maximum number of computer components and circuits into the LSI components to minimize the package count. ... Special purpose registers were usually stored in the second cell (regs 8-15), and only the first sixteen registers could be ... The F8 Development Kit 1 has 1024 bytes of static RAM cells located in the address locations hexadecimal 0000-03FF. Fairbug ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild_F8

... only one cell released into the environment could exponentially grow into many thousands of cells over a short amount of time. ... The higher pollen count and male fitness of the invading species resulted in introgression that threatened the native ... For organisms between 10 and 50 microns, such as certain types of phytoplankton, current regulations allow less than 10 cells ... populations due to lower pollen counts and lower viability of the native species.[117] Reduction in fitness is not always ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_species

Herschel then built a 20-ft reflecting telescope and invented the star count, working out that the Milky Way is a disc, which ... Nearby on Lydiard Fields in Lydiard Tregoze is Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells, which in 2002 was the world's first production site ... In March 2011, the region had the second-lowest unemployment claimant count in England, second to South East England, with 2.7 ...

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A somatic cell count (SCC) is a cell count of somatic cells in a fluid specimen, usually milk. In dairying, the SCC is an ... and are based on the somatic cell count and the bacteria plate count. Generally a lower somatic cell count indicates better ... The bacteria count using the standard plate count, direct microscopic count, or plate loop count methods shall be not more than ... The somatic cell count shall be not more than one million (1,000,000) cells per milliliter. The milk shall not contain drug ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_cell_count

A CSF cell count is a test to measure the number of red and white blood cells that are in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is a ... The normal white blood cell count is between 0 and 5. The normal red blood cell count is 0. ... A CSF cell count is a test to measure the number of red and white blood cells that are in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is a ... Finding red blood cells in the CSF may be a sign of bleeding. However, red blood cells in the CSF may also be due to the spinal ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003625.htm

A T-cell count measures the number of T cells in the blood. Your doctor may order this test if you have signs of a weak immune ... One type of T cell is the CD4 cell, or "helper cell." People with HIV/AIDS have regular T-cell tests to check their CD4 cell ... Normal results vary depending on the type of T-cell tested.. In adults, a normal CD4 cell count ranges from 500 to 1,200 cells/ ... A T-cell count measures the number of T cells in the blood. Your doctor may order this test if you have signs of a weak immune ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003516.htm

As the cell size is related to the cell volume, a cell size profile in cell population can be produced in terms of pulse height ... 4 states the result, including the total cell count, as well as the percentage of debris, living cells and dead cells, ... the cells can be analyzed and counted in an efficient and precise manner. This technology can be applied for cell counting, ... As there are more than 500, 000 channels for a cell counting, once a cell is pass through the measuring pore, there would be a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CASY_cell_counting_technology

2018 exhibition Cell Count, curated by Kyle Croft and Asher Mones. Taking HIV criminalization as a starting point, Cell Count ...

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And what are the symptoms of a raised red cell count? ... Sickle cell test * My daughters white cell count dropped very ... Polycythaemia (raised red cell count). What is polycythaemia? And what are the symptoms of a raised red cell count? ... Causes of a raised red cell count. Absolute erythrocytosis may be caused by an abnormality within the red blood cells (primary ... The dyed cells distribute themselves among your red cells, making it possible to calculate what the total mass of red cells ...

https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/conditions/heart-and-blood/a1184/polycythaemia-raised-red-cell-count/

Things to consider if you have a low white blood cell count. If you have a low white blood cell count, consider taking the ... Boosting your white blood cell count. If you have a low white blood cell count, your doctor can prescribe medicines to help ... If you get an infection because you have a low white blood cell count, your symptoms may include:. *fever (call your doctor ... Breast cancer treatments that can lower your white blood cell count:. *chemotherapy: * Abraxane (chemical name: albumin-bound ...

https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/side_effects/low_white_blood_cell

This method does not require a reference material or ground truth cell number value and is independent of cell type and ... We have developed a method to assess the overall quality of a cell counting measurement. ... In cell counting, this fundamental principle implies that the measured cell number should be proportional to the dilution ... provides a relative measure of accuracy for cell counting by assessing closeness of agreement between the obtained cell count ...

https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/cell-counting-experimental

Definition A white blood cell (WBC) count determines the concentration of white blood cells in the patients blood. A ... differential determines the percentage of each of the five types of mature white blood cells. ... The red blood cells are lysed using a detergent in the counting diluent. As the cells move one at a time through a counting ... The red blood cells are lysed using a detergent in the counting diluent. As the cells move one at a time through a counting ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/divisions-diagnostics-and-procedures/medicine/white-blood-cell-count-and-differential

This diluted blood is then put into a counting chamber called a hemocytomer and the white cells are counted. Then the number of ... white blood cells. blood count. desmoplaquin. Glioblastoma. immune system. carboplatin. Helping your kid brother die. ... Higher than normal counts can indicate the presence of infection or leukemia. A differential is the percentages of different ... whole blood is mixed with a weak acid solution for the purpose of diluting the blood and gradually declining red blood cells ...

https://everything2.com/title/white+blood+cell+count

... ,ARUP Laboratories is a national reference laboratory and a worldwide leader in innovative laboratory ... Cell Count, CSF. 2. Eosinophils Count, Absolute. 3. Storz Fluid Filter - 0.2 micron. 4. Storz Fluid Filter - 0.45 micron. 5. ...

http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-products/Cell-Count--Body-Fluid-21997-1/

Overview covers possible causes of increased disease-fighting cells. ... The exact threshold for a high white blood cell count varies from one laboratory to another. In general, for adults a count of ... A high white blood cell count is an increase in disease-fighting cells in your blood. ... more than 11,000 white blood cells (leukocytes) in a microliter of blood is considered a high white blood cell count. ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/high-white-blood-cell-count/basics/definition/sym-20050611

Most people produce about 100 billion white cells each day. If someone has too many white blood cells, it can indicate an ... Find out more about white blood cells, the types, and how they work. ... White blood cells are vital to the body because they fight infection. ... A low white blood cell count can signal that an injury or condition is destroying cells faster than they are being made, or ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315133

... formerly called cell array of strings) and calculate the histogram count of every unique word. ... Hint: The cell array of strings approach is the dual of the string array approach, i.e., things that can be done via the string ... Case is insensitive, e.g., WORDS and words are treated as the same word, and you may return in the output cell array either the ... words = {and;but;Cody;dont;I;like;love;MATLAB;... on;problems;trivial}; count = [1; 1; 2; 1; 2; 1; 1; 2 ...

https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/43671?s_tid=prof_contriblnk

People can increase their red blood cell count through simple lifestyle changes, such as exercising, limiting alcohol, and ... A low red blood cell count, or anemia, can cause many symptoms and complications, including fatigue and weakness. ... Understanding blood count. Normal red blood cell counts vary from around 4.7 to 6.1 million cells per microliter (µL) for men ... Retinol, commonly known as vitamin A, supports the red blood cell count in a similar way to copper. It can help the cells ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319457.php?sr

I have been going to a specialist for thyroid disorder and was told after blood work was done that my white blood cell count ... Not sure what a white blood cell count of 22 means but it is probably short-hand for a count of 22,000. Equally as important ... I have been going to a specialist for thyroid disorder and was told after blood work was done that my white blood cell count ... I had a blood count reading of this sort a couple of years ago and havent though much about it since. My doc wants to wait a ...

http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Respiratory-Disorders/High-White-Blood-Cell-Count/show/537851

Learn about managing a low white blood cell count. ... A low white blood cell count increases the risk of infection ... Once the WBC count drops, it remains low for 7-10 days. The lowest level that blood cell counts reach is called the nadir. ... Low white blood cell count. Neutropenia and leukopenia are terms used to refer to lowered numbers of white blood cells (WBCs) ... The neutrophil count usually decreases with the WBC count, but it is possible to have a normal WBC count and still have ...

http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/diagnosis-and-treatment/managing-side-effects/low-white-blood-cell-count/?region=qc

Total white blood cell count may be misleading ... an elevated lymphocyte count may produce a total white count that falls ... Low red blood cell count, Low white blood cell count, Low platelet c... ... The white blood cells, or leukocytes, are part of the bodys immune system. There are ... A high WBC count may result from an ... White blood cell (WBC) count is often included in routine clinical checkups. ... The hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality ...

https://www.reference.com/web?q=high%20white%20blood%20cell%20count%20causes&qo=pagination&o=600605&l=dir&sga=1&qsrc=998&page=6

High white blood cell count. I am 16 years old and just wondering (I did not want to make a doctors appointment just for this ... High white blood cell count (leukocytosis) does not necessarily equate with leukemia. More common conditions which can result ... High white blood cell count (leukocytosis) does not necessarily equate with leukemia. More common conditions which can result ... I am just wondering what sort of medical problems are associated with a high white blood cell count? Anemia? Please help :) ...

http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Leukemia--Lymphoma-/High-white-blood-cell-count/show/366608

Extended power outage? Your touchtone telephone will be up and running, even as cell sites go offline and your phone battery ... InGeneron Adds $23M to Test Stem Cell Therapy for Rotator Cuff Tears ...

https://xconomy.com/seattle/2009/03/23/mobile-trends-the-cell-phone-body-count/

An RBC count totals the RBCs in your blood as part of a CBC when you have a health checkup or to help screen for anemia, for ... Red blood cells (RBCs) carry oxygen throughout your body. ... Red Blood Cell (RBC) Antibody Screen * Red Blood Cell Count ( ... A red blood cell (RBC) count is typically ordered as part of a complete blood count (CBC) and may be used as part of a health ... are cells that circulate in the blood and carry oxygen throughout the body. The RBC count totals the number of red blood cells ...

https://labtestsonline.org/tests/red-blood-cell-count-rbc

low CD4 count-med related?. Apr 17, 2004. Twice, huge differences between labs/T cells and Abs Lymphs a week apart. Apr 11, ... I need help figuring out my white blood cell count and lymphocyte differential. Jul 27, 2003. ... Understanding my white boold count. Mar 22, 2008. Estimating CD4 count/percentage from Lymphocytes/Leukocytes percentage. Mar ... lymphocyte count in the early weeks of contracting HIV (week 5 to 7). Jul 24, 2016. ...

http://www.thebody.com/Forums/AIDS/Labs/Archive/BloodCell/index.html

Video Tag: White Blood Cell Count. SAGES Webinar : Preparing for the ABSITE-December 2017. ... white blood cell count, Witzel tunnel technique, WSCM, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Video Authors. Alseidi A, Awad M, Blatnik J ... interstitial cells of Cajal, interventional radiology, intestinal metaplasia, intr-abdominal pressure, intraoperative ...

https://www.sages.org/video-tag/white-blood-cell-count/

The test is usually part of a complete blood count (CBC) test that measures all the components in your blood. Well explain why ... An RBC count is a blood test thats used to find out how many red blood cells (RBCs) you have. ... What is a red blood cell count?. A red blood cell count is a blood test that your doctor uses to find out how many red blood ... How to Increase Your Red Blood Cell Count. Has your doctor advised you to increase your red blood cell count? These supplements ...

https://www.healthline.com/health/rbc-count

A drop in white blood cell count does not appear to be a known side effect ... ... Penalac or Ciclpirox - anyone had white cell count drop?. Asked. 12 Feb 2012 by dramaqueen. Active. 5 May 2015. Topics. penlac ... Has anyone had their white cell count drop or heard of this happening while using Penlac or Ciclopirox? ... A drop in white blood cell count does not appear to be a known side effect of ciclopirox. ...

https://www.drugs.com/answers/white-cell-count-519915.html

... white blood cell count acute hiv infection, with a wealth of fact sheets, expert advice, community perspective, the latest news ... Let me clarify that I never said that the white blood cell count or sed rate go up in acute HIV, just that the lymphocyte count ... the white blood cell count typically does go down; this is in contrast to bacterial infections, in which the white cells... ... Absolute CD4 cell counts are calculated values that may fluctuate widely. The calculation is made by multiplying the total ...

http://www.thebody.com/h/white-blood-cell-count-acute-hiv-infection.html

white blood cell count (thing). See all of white blood cell count, no other writeups in this node. ... This diluted blood is then put into a counting chamber called a hemocytomer and the white cells are counted. Then the number of ... white blood cells. blood count. desmoplaquin. Glioblastoma. immune system. carboplatin. Helping your kid brother die. ... Higher than normal counts can indicate the presence of infection or leukemia. A differential is the percentages of different ...

https://everything2.com/user/skybluefusion/writeups/white+blood+cell+count

A low white blood cell count, called leukopenia, may be caused by bone marrow problems, autoimmune disorders such as lupus, ... A low white blood cell count is defined as less than 4,500 white blood cells per microliter of blood, or less than 1,700 ... Neutrophils are a specific type of white blood cell that help fight infections. A normal white blood cell count ranges from ... Doctors usually use a variety of tests to determine the underlying cause of a low white blood cell count, states Mayo Clinic. ...

https://www.reference.com/world-view/causes-low-white-blood-cell-count-b6b2a4fb7df18a4a

Cells shed by a metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer into the blood may be a robust measure of how well treatment is ... The cell count was unfavorable if the number yielded by the cell search system was five or greater and favorable if it was ... ASCO: Cell Count Predicts Prostate Ca Survival. by Michael Smith, North American Correspondent, MedPage Today June 8, 2011 ... An analysis adjusting for change in cell count almost completely eliminated any treatment effect, changing the hazard ratio ...

https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/asco/26920

Decrease in RBC count may be the result of red cell loss by bleeding or hemolysis (intravascular or extravascular), failure of ... Increase in RBC count may be the result of primary polycythemia (polycythemia vera) or secondary polycythemia (hypoxemia of ... lung or cardiovascular disease, increased erythropoietin production associated with renal cyst, renal cell carcinoma, ...

https://www.labcorp.com/test-menu/34236/red-blood-cell-rbc-count

An increase of white blood cells indicates infection, inflammation, or bleeding into the cerebrospinal fluid. (medlineplus.gov)
White blood cells are produced by your bone marrow to help your body fight infection. (breastcancer.org)
If you have fewer than normal white blood cells, you have a higher risk of getting an infection. (breastcancer.org)
Brian Wojciechowski, M.D. explains different types of white blood cells, how breast cancer treatment lowers their levels, and what low white blood cell levels mean for your risk of infection. (breastcancer.org)
Higher than normal counts can indicate the presence of infection or leukemia . (everything2.com)
A high white blood cell count may indicate that the immune system is working to destroy an infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
When WBC counts are low, there is a higher risk of infection. (cancer.ca)
People with cancer usually find out they have low white blood cell counts from a blood test or when they get an infection. (cancer.ca)
A high WBC count may result from an infection or leukemia. (reference.com)
what happens to white cells during the acute retroviral syndroma/primary HIV infection . (thebody.com)
dear dr. feinberg,in several of your responses you have said in in primary hiv infection count of lypmhpocytes goes down whileneutrophil and sed rate goes up. (thebody.com)
Because patients with a persistently low white blood cell count are at increased risk for infection, special precautions are necessary to keep them from getting sick. (reference.com)
White blood cells (WBC) are part of our body's immune system, working to protect us against infection. (oncolink.org)
The lower the neutrophil count, the higher the risk of infection. (oncolink.org)
Given that neutropenia is caused by cancer treatments, there is not much you can do to prevent it from happening, but you can lessen the risk of getting an infection while your count is low. (oncolink.org)
Number of infection-fighting cells in a unit (conventionally 1 litre) of blood. (medindia.net)
It is most likely that the signs of some type of an infection will be noticed by someone suffering from a low monocyte blood count. (ehow.co.uk)
WBCs are necessary for the body to fight infection, making the risk of infection higher when the WBC count is low. (oncolink.org)
Too many or too few infection-fighting white blood cells, according to Medline Plus, can indicate the presence of infection as well as other health conditions. (livestrong.com)
Additionally, certain white blood cells also have the capacity to manufacture antibody cells that can help protect your body from the spread of infection. (livestrong.com)
Low white blood cell counts can indicate problems with your immune system or infection. (livestrong.com)
Additionally, low levels of white blood cells, known as neutropenia can be caused by chemotherapy treatment or infection due to impaired immunity, according to the University of California Davis. (livestrong.com)
The prime cause of increased cell count in an individual cow is bacterial infection in the udder or, in other words, mastitis. (dairyaustralia.com.au)
Once an infection occurs, the cow sends her defence cells (white blood cells) to the udder to fight the infection. (dairyaustralia.com.au)
Individual cow cell counts measure the level of mastitis infection in the individual cow. (dairyaustralia.com.au)
The BMCC is a combination of the individual cell counts of all the cows in the herd and measures the level of mastitis infection in the whole herd. (dairyaustralia.com.au)
Acupuncture increases blood cell production and enhances Natural Killer Cells and Lymphocytes which leads to increased immune response and decreased risk of infection. (care2.com)
When a person is infected with HIV, the virus invades CD4 cells and uses them to manufacture more of the virus so the infection will spread. (empowher.com)
The team writes, 'It is unknown if blood cell counts before infection are associated with the risk of developing severe COVID-19. (news-medical.net)
White blood cells fight infection . (curesearch.org)
A white blood cell count below 1,000 cells increases the risk of infection. (curesearch.org)
We often refer to the ANC as the "infection-fighting" count. (curesearch.org)
White blood cells participate in immunity, protecting the body from infection, disease and foreign bodies. (livestrong.com)
Any infection will give you a high white blood count, even a virus. (healthboards.com)
This is because your body is releasing more of these cells to fight the infection. (ahealthyme.com)
If you have neutropenia, it means your neutrophil count is low and you can easily get an infection. (ahealthyme.com)
The immune system relies on diverse mechanisms working in concert to defend the host from infection and to identify and remove aberrant or damaged cells. (biotek.com)
Elevated WBC counts have been associated with various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, infection, diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [ 1 - 4 ], conditions related to insulin resistance, and chronic low-grade inflammation [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
White blood cells are made in the bone marrow and protect the body against infection and aid in the immune response. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
If an infection develops, white blood cells attack and destroy the micro-organism causing the infection. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
Conditions or drugs that weaken the immune system, such as HIV infection or chemotherapy, cause a decrease in white blood cells. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
The WBC count is used to suggest the presence of an infection , an allergy , or bone marrow disorder . (labtestsonline.org.uk)

an elevated lymphocyte count may produce a total white count that falls within the reference range. (reference.com)
Let me clarify that I never said that the white blood cell count or sed rate go up in acute HIV, just that the lymphocyte count goes down. (thebody.com)
In order to investigate the impact of hydroxyurea cytostatic effects during PHI, we evaluated the changes in peripheral T lymphocyte count in two HAART-treated PHI cohorts, one of which received hydroxyurea-containing combinations. (lww.com)
Some studies have revealed that raised white blood cell and neutrophil counts along with a fall in lymphocyte count are seen in some patients with COVID-19. (news-medical.net)

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell. (medlineplus.gov)
For example, an elevated WBC count with an absolute increase in lymphocytes having an atypical appearance is most often caused by infectious mononucleosis . (encyclopedia.com)
A differential is the percentages of different types of white blood cells (neutrophils], esocinophils , basophils , lymphocytes , and monocytes ) in a sample of blood. (everything2.com)
The calculation is made by multiplying the total white blood cell count (in thousands) by the percentage of total lymphocytes and then by the percentage of CD4. (thebody.com)
Lymphocytes are white blood cells. (floridahealthfinder.gov)
Chinese medicine improves red and white blood cell production, including lymphocytes and neutrophils. (care2.com)
Percent total lymphocytes - A lymphocyte is an immune system cell. (empowher.com)
In 2017, my white blood cell count was 8.9 and my lymphocytes were 3.2. (timescolonist.com)
The lymphocytes are one of the two major types of white blood cells. (timescolonist.com)

If you have a low white blood cell count, your doctor can prescribe medicines to help stimulate your immune system after each round of chemotherapy. (breastcancer.org)
Your doctor also may decide to stop your chemotherapy treatment for a little while so your body can recover and make more white blood cells. (breastcancer.org)
The risk of low white blood cell counts is greater if chemotherapy and radiation therapy are given at the same time or if large areas of bone marrow are in the radiation treatment area. (cancer.ca)
For chemotherapy, low counts usually occur 7-12 days after treatment. (oncolink.org)
A low white blood cell (WBC) count, is one of the more serious side effects of chemotherapy . (oncolink.org)
It can make it necessary to delay treatment to allow the WBC count to recover, and/or cause the care team to reduce the chemotherapy dose to prevent it from happening again. (oncolink.org)
They are most effective when started the day after chemotherapy to prevent the white blood cell count from dropping too low. (oncolink.org)
While there are no outward signs of a low white blood cell count, it's important to be aware of the timing of low blood counts following chemotherapy. (curesearch.org)
Whenever your child receives chemotherapy , you'll want to speak with the nurse about the timing of low counts. (curesearch.org)
Patients with breast cancer that are getting chemotherapy will have low white counts secondary to the chemo. (zocdoc.com)
Chemotherapy helps control the growth of cancerous cells, but it may also harm healthy cells in the process. (livestrong.com)
Chemocare.com reports that raised liver enzymes and low white blood cells are both common side effects of chemotherapy. (livestrong.com)

A somatic cell count (SCC) is a cell count of somatic cells in a fluid specimen, usually milk. (wikipedia.org)
White blood cells (leukocytes) constitute the majority of somatic cells in question. (wikipedia.org)
The number of somatic cells increases in response to pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, a cause of mastitis. (wikipedia.org)
Several tests like the PortaSCC milk test and The California mastitis test provide a cow-side measure of somatic cell count. (wikipedia.org)
The somatic cell count in the milk also increases after calving when colostrum is produced. (wikipedia.org)
The methods of determining Grade A milk quality are well established, and are based on the somatic cell count and the bacteria plate count. (wikipedia.org)
Generally a lower somatic cell count indicates better animal health, while the bacteria plate count indicates improved equipment sanitation. (wikipedia.org)
Somatic cells originate only from inside the animal's udder, while the bacteria are usually from external contaminations, such as insufficient cleaning of the milk transport equipment or insufficient external cleansing of the cow's udder and teats prior to milking. (wikipedia.org)
The somatic cell count shall be not more than one million (1,000,000) cells per milliliter. (wikipedia.org)
As discussed in the paper Guidelines for Using the DHI Somatic Cell Count Program: The results of many studies suggest that cows with SCC of less than 200,000 are not likely to be infected with major mastitis pathogens, but cows with SCC above 300,000 are probably infected (Smith, 1996). (wikipedia.org)
Monitoring udder health and milk quality using somatic cell counts" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
SOMATIC cell counts have been reduced from 600,000 to under 200,000 in two weeks by a Devon producer, with the help of his vet. (fwi.co.uk)
Data from the Upper Midwest Federal Milk Marketing Order from 2011 again confirms that large farms produce milk of considerably higher quality based on somatic cell counts. (agweb.com)
Increased Somatic Cell count (SCC) can be costly. (dairyone.com)
Keeping cows free of mastitis improves overall animal health and milk quality and prevents any lost profits due to discounts for high somatic cell counts. (novusint.com)
Immunity issues within the cow can be demonstrated in many ways including retained placentas, days open, disease outbreaks and high somatic cell counts. (novusint.com)
Trace minerals also have been shown to lower somatic cell counts, resulting in healthier cows. (novusint.com)

A low white blood cell count is defined as less than 4,500 white blood cells per microliter of blood, or less than 1,700 neutrophils per microliter of blood. (reference.com)
Neutrophils are a specific type of white blood cell that help fight infections. (reference.com)
Neutrophils make up to 50-70% of all of the white blood cells. (divshare.com)
The term "ANC," which stands for " Absolute Neutrophil Count ," is the total number of neutrophils in your child's white blood cell count. (curesearch.org)

When you have a low white blood cell count, your immune system isn't working as well as it should. (breastcancer.org)
White blood cells make up around 1 percent of all blood cells, and they are essential to regular function in the immune system. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The white blood cells, or leukocytes, are part of the body's immune system. (reference.com)
healthy immune system, there is a full range of CD4 cells (T-cells, see Fact Sheet 124 ) that can fight different diseases. (thebody.com)
Monocytes typically circulate throughout the bloodstream for a period of one to three days prior to being distributed to tissues in the spleen, lung, liver and bone marrow where they mature into primary immune system cells. (ehow.co.uk)
Inadequate amounts of white blood cells can suppress immune system function, making it difficult to fight off opportunistic infections. (livestrong.com)
High white blood cell count, also known as leukocytosis, can indicate a range of conditions including infections, inflammation, bodily injury and immune system disorders. (clevelandclinic.org)
Immune System Modulation: Many cancers and many cancer treatments cause a suppression of the bone marrow, the source of blood cells that are the army of the immune system. (care2.com)
This virus works by attacking special immune system cells known as CD4 cells or T-cells. (empowher.com)
CD4 and CD8 are two different kinds of white blood cells which are part of your immune system. (empowher.com)
When a CD4 cell is invaded by HIV, the cell dies and is no longer able to do its job in the immune system. (empowher.com)
Doctors order tests to monitor the CD4 cell count to track how healthy your immune system is. (empowher.com)
Knowing your CD4 count allows your doctor to keep track of how strong your immune system is. (empowher.com)
If your count drops too low, he may want to help protect you from infections by starting you on antibiotics or other medications as a preventive measure or to treat a specific illness that your immune system is not able to fight off. (empowher.com)
Anti-HIV therapy is intended to stabilize or decrease the amount of HIV in your system which will allow your immune system to replenish your CD4 cells. (empowher.com)
White blood cells are known to be part of the body's immune system that helps fight infections. (news-medical.net)
If your immune system is weakened by medicine or illness, you may also need this test to see if your white blood cell count is too low. (ahealthyme.com)
Additionally, the immune system is a critical consideration for vaccine development and cell, tissue and organ transplants. (biotek.com)
In some cases, an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks the stomach cells, decreasing the amount of protein called the intrinsic factor, which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 from food. (indiatimes.com)

Signs & symptoms of low monocytes blood cell count" last modified May 13, 2017. (ehow.co.uk)
Global Cell Counting Devices Market accounted to USD 8.2 billion in 2016 growing at a CAGR of 7.0% during the forecast period of 2017 to 2024. (openpr.com)

Usually, this is because a problem outside of the bone marrow stimulates the production of red blood cells. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Less often it occurs due to an abnormality of the red cells in the bone marrow itself, otherwise known as polycythaemia rubra vera (PV) . (netdoctor.co.uk)
A low WBC count may occur in some viral infections, immunodeficiency states, and bone marrow failure. (encyclopedia.com)
The bone marrow continuously produces white blood cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Red blood cells are continuously produced in the bone marrow . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Although the white blood cell count is usually elevated in leukemias, the hallmark of this disease is the appearance of atypical/ abnormal white blood cells in blood and bone marrow smears. (medhelp.org)
These cells are produced in the bone marrow and are released into the bloodstream as they mature. (labtestsonline.org)
A low white blood cell count, called leukopenia, may be caused by bone marrow problems, autoimmune disorders such as lupus, diseases involving the liver or spleen, certain viral illnesses or severe bacterial infections, states MedlinePlus. (reference.com)
The red blood cells, also known as RBCs carry the oxygen to the tissues in the dog's organism and will return with carbon dioxide to the lungs.The red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow and will be constant, as the bone marrow will produce new red blood cells as soon as the old ones are exhausted. (vetinfo.com)
If the dog's body requires a high amount of new red blood cells, the bone marrow will send immature red blood cells (also known as reticulocytes). (vetinfo.com)
Monocytes are a type of white blood cell produced by the bone marrow. (ehow.co.uk)
Therefore, any disorder or chemical that affects the function of the bone marrow may potentially cause a low monocyte count. (ehow.co.uk)
Monocytes are produced by the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cell precursors called monoblasts. (divshare.com)
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the bone marrow plasma cells. (myeloma.org)
All blood cells, including white blood cells, are made in the bone marrow. (clevelandclinic.org)
Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. (care2.com)
In some cases, your child may be given a medicine, such as "G-CSF ( granulocyte-colony stimulating factor )," to help increase the number of white blood cells in the bone marrow . (curesearch.org)
Chronically low white blood cells can indicate serious complications with your bone marrow, the tissue responsible for producing white and red blood cells, according to MedlinePlus, an online resource of the National Institutes of Health. (livestrong.com)
Cells in your bone marrow make white blood cells and release them into the bloodstream. (ahealthyme.com)
This condition is defined by the finding of a hypoplastic bone marrow that has fatty replacement and that may have relatively increased nonhematopoietic elements, such as mast cells. (medscape.com)
This can occur either as a primary condition in which the bone marrow produces too many red blood cells (called polycythemia vera) or it may occur as a reaction to other diseases and conditions (such as hypoxia or low oxygen levels due to any reason) that drive the body to produce an increased number of red blood cells. (emedicinehealth.com)
Polycythemia vera (PV) is related to a genetic mutation in the JAK2 gene, which is thought to increase the sensitivity of bone marrow cells to Epo, resulting in increased red blood cell production. (emedicinehealth.com)

A differential determines the percentage of each of the five types of mature white blood cells. (encyclopedia.com)
Normal values for both the WBC count and differential are age-related. (encyclopedia.com)
Immature WBCs and nucleated RBCs may cause interference with the automated differential count. (encyclopedia.com)
An automated differential may be performed by an electronic cell counter or by an image analysis instrument. (encyclopedia.com)
When the electronic WBC count is abnormal or a cell population is flagged, meaning that one or more of the results is atypical, a manual differential is performed. (encyclopedia.com)
Any immature WBCs are included in the differential count of 100 cells, and any inclusions or abnormalities of the WBCs are reported. (encyclopedia.com)
A type of test called a white blood cell differential (sometimes called a "diff") might be done at the same time as the other blood tests. (clevelandclinic.org)
The XW-100 Automated Hematology Analyzer is intended for use in patients 2 years of age and older who require a whole blood cell count and white blood cell differential. (fda.gov)
For all the samples, the total WBCs and differential cell counts were performed, first manually by a haemocytometer and secondly via automated analysis. (thefreedictionary.com)
The "differential" is part of the blood count report that shows the breakdown of the various types of white blood cells in your child's blood count. (curesearch.org)

Neutropenia and leukopenia are terms used to refer to lowered numbers of white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood. (cancer.ca)
Neutropenia is a low neutrophil count. (cancer.ca)
A person has leukopenia when the total WBC count is less than 3.0 x 10 9 /L. A person has neutropenia when the ANC is less than 1.9 x 10 9 /L. The neutrophil count usually decreases with the WBC count, but it is possible to have a normal WBC count and still have neutropenia. (cancer.ca)
Leukopenia or neutropenia are usually diagnosed by a complete blood count (CBC). (cancer.ca)
A low neutrophil count (less than 1000) is known as neutropenia. (oncolink.org)
If the neutrophil count is low, it is called neutropenia (new-tro-pee-nia). (oncolink.org)
Patients with low WBC counts or neutropenia should avoid people with colds or crowded areas and wash their hands frequently. (oncolink.org)

Sources of error in manual WBC counting are due largely to variance in the dilution of the sample and the distribution of cells in the chamber, as well as the small number of WBCs that are counted. (encyclopedia.com)
Automated cell counters may not be acceptable for counting WBCs in other body fluids, especially when the number of WBCs is less than 1000/ μ L or when other nucleated cell types are present. (encyclopedia.com)
and counting the number of nucleated RBCs per 100 WBCs. (encyclopedia.com)
A WBC count is a blood test to measure the number of white blood cells (WBCs) i. (reference.com)
In addition to RBCs, there are white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets . (labtestsonline.org)
Cell counting devices are the devices used to calculate the concentration of blood cells such as white blood cells (WBCs) and red blood cells (RBCs) and concentration of bacteria, viruses to find out information regarding suffering diseases from the blood samples. (openpr.com)
This test measures the number of white blood cells (WBCs) in your blood. (ahealthyme.com)

Platelets are small cells that circulate in the blood and form blood clots that allow wounds to heal and prevent excessive bleeding. (healthline.com)
A CBC may also be done to check on levels of prescribed medications in the body.The test (which actually consists of several tests) gives details about three types of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. (clevelandclinic.org)
A paucity of platelets, red blood cells (RBCs), granulocytes, monocytes, and reticulocytes is found in patients with aplastic anemia. (medscape.com)
Levels of other types of blood cells (white blood cells and platelets) are also often increased in this condition. (emedicinehealth.com)

For electronic WBC counts and differentials, interference may be caused by small fibrin clots, nucleated red blood cells (RBCs), platelet clumping, and unlysed RBCs. (encyclopedia.com)
Red blood cells (RBCs), also called erythrocytes, are cells that circulate in the blood and carry oxygen throughout the body. (labtestsonline.org)
RBCs also help transport a small portion of carbon dioxide, a waste product of cell metabolism, from those tissues and organs back to the lungs, where it is expelled. (labtestsonline.org)
A red blood cell count is a blood test that your doctor uses to find out how many red blood cells (RBCs) you have. (healthline.com)
If you have a diagnosed blood condition that may affect RBC count, or you're taking any medications that affect your RBCs, your doctor may order the test to monitor your condition or treatment. (healthline.com)

He nonetheless opposed the bill in 2011 following the wishes of his town officials, who believed they would lose money under some funding formulas if the inmates were counted elsewhere. (courant.com)
Though western studies emphasize acupuncture, herbal formulas are particularly important in raising blood cell counts. (care2.com)
In your real-life LEN formulas, you are likely to supply cell references rather than numbers or text strings, to count characters in a specific cell or a range of cells. (ablebits.com)
The following figure illustrates the different types of counting formulas that you can build to return such basic statistics as the total number of cells in a particular range, the number of occupied cells in that range, as well as the number of numeric and text entries in the occupied range. (dummies.com)

this is in contrast to bacterial infections, in which the white cells. (thebody.com)
In this interview, Dr. Rich Jones introduces bacterial cell counting and an example of when the Multisizer 4e from Beckman Coulter has been used for this application. (news-medical.net)
What are the main applications of bacterial cell counting and sizing? (news-medical.net)
Alternatively, microbiologists might have performed a serial dilution of bacterial cultures and then transferred these to Petri dishes in order to have a more accurate determination of cell counts. (news-medical.net)
White blood cells are responsible for identifying and counterattacking bacterial or viral attacks on your body. (livestrong.com)

In general, for adults a count of more than 11,000 white blood cells (leukocytes) in a microliter of blood is considered a high white blood cell count. (mayoclinic.org)
There are normally between 4,000 and 11,000 cells in every microliter of blood, although this can vary according to race. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The normal values of RBC count in canines are between 5.6 and 8.7 x 10 6 per microliter of blood. (vetinfo.com)
In general, the normal range for men is 5,000-10,000 white blood cells per microliter of blood. (clevelandclinic.org)

Cleveland (OH) - Excessive cell phone usage could lower male sperm count and quality, according to researchers at the Cleveland Clinic. (tomsguide.com)
It analysed 361 men who visited an infertility clinic and found that sperm count and quality was "significantly lower" in those men who used cell phones for more than fours hours per day. (computerworld.co.nz)
The researchers found a correlation between those who talked longest on their cell per day, and a drop in sperm count and quality. (zdnet.com)

Increase in RBC count may be the result of primary polycythemia (polycythemia vera) or secondary polycythemia (hypoxemia of lung or cardiovascular disease, increased erythropoietin production associated with renal cyst, renal cell carcinoma, cerebellar hemangioblastoma, or high O 2 affinity hemoglobinopathy) including stress polycythemia (hemoconcentration associated with exercise, exertion, fright, etc). (labcorp.com)

White blood cell counts are highest in children under one year of age and then decrease somewhat until adulthood. (encyclopedia.com)
Leukopenia is a decrease in the total number of white blood cells. (cancer.ca)
Radiation treatment and medications used for cancer treatment may also decrease white blood cell count. (reference.com)
Decrease in RBC count may be the result of red cell loss by bleeding or hemolysis (intravascular or extravascular), failure of marrow production (due to a broad variety of causes), or may be secondary to dilutional factors (eg, intravenous fluids). (labcorp.com)
HAART provides significant decrease in viral load and increase in CD4+ T cell counts , thus the mortality of AIDS have decreased and life quality of patients have improved [3,4]. (thefreedictionary.com)
Not only can these elevated counts decrease milk yield, they can also lower your milk premium. (dairyone.com)

A normal white blood cell count ranges from 4,500 to 10,000 white blood cells per microliter. (reference.com)
For women who are not pregnant, the range is 4,500-11,000 white blood cells per microliter. (clevelandclinic.org)

According to the American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC) , the test is almost always a part of a complete blood count (CBC) test. (healthline.com)
American Association for Clinical Chemistry: "Complete Blood Count," "Reference Ranges and What They Mean. (webmd.com)

The bacteria count using the standard plate count, direct microscopic count, or plate loop count methods shall be not more than one million (1,000,000) bacteria per milliliter. (wikipedia.org)
T cells help the body fight diseases or harmful substances, such as bacteria or viruses. (medlineplus.gov)
These are powerful white blood cells that destroy bacteria and fungi. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Because it simultaneously counts and sizes each individual microbe, one-by-one, the researcher can track the influence of environmental perturbations such as pH, gasses, sampling source, etc. on the size and proliferation rate of bacteria and have a better understanding of how these variables may influence microbial communities and the environment as a whole. (news-medical.net)
In order for mammalian, insect, or bacteria cells to express high amounts of protein they must proliferate, but they must also grow and be maintained at an optimal size. (news-medical.net)
Plasma cells make antibodies against infectious agents such as viruses and bacteria. (myeloma.org)
Guo, J. U. & Bartel, D. P. RNA G-quadruplexes are globally unfolded in eukaryotic cells and depleted in bacteria. (nature.com)
White blood cells work to destroy any foreign virus, fungus, or bacteria that enter your body. (ahealthyme.com)

The bulk sample revealed Strep agalactiae as the most prevalent mastitis bug and many of the cows had high individual cell counts. (fwi.co.uk)
After that, Mr Biggs planned that individual cell count figures would allow further identification of mastitis bugs that needed treatment, which might include culling seriously affected cows. (fwi.co.uk)
High bulk milk cell counts (BMCC) can be a source of great concern for dairy farmers wanting to optimise their returns from milk produced and lower the level of mastitis in their herd. (dairyaustralia.com.au)

There are doctors who believe that during acute retroviral syndrome/primary HIV infections that white blood cell and lymphs are low, and others say that they would be high, which is true? (thebody.com)
A low monocyte blood cell count increases susceptibility to infections. (ehow.co.uk)
Leukocytes or white blood cells are responsible for resisting infections that enter the body. (divshare.com)
Each blood cell protects the body from specific infections. (divshare.com)
He said that this could be because I've had a lot of infections recently, and the reason for my infections could be due to low white blood cell count. (netdoctor.co.uk)
The white cell count is sometimes lower after viral infections - flu and glandular fever in particular. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Once your body develops low numbers of white blood cells, you can develop secondary infections that impair the absorption of nutrients and the body's ability to maintain normal potassium levels. (livestrong.com)
White blood cells are the part of the blood that fight infections. (clevelandclinic.org)
These cells circulate throughout your body to fight infections. (empowher.com)
Your doctor may also check to see how the number of CD4 cells compares to the number of CD8 cells in your blood, as another way to tell if you are more prone to serious infections. (empowher.com)
Unless you are developing unusual or frequent infections, I would not focus on the absolute number of your white count unless it is far below what could be considered normal. (zocdoc.com)

https://www.ehow.co.uk/about_5606257_signs-monocytes-blood-cell-count.html. (ehow.co.uk)
Monocytes make up 2-6% of all white blood cells. (divshare.com)

During the study, the researchers measured circulating tumor cells, using the Veridex Cell Search system, both at baseline and during therapy. (medpagetoday.com)
A new study just published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology has shown that monitoring the count of circulating tumor cells (CTC) using the CellSearch system from Veridex , a Johnson & Johnson company, can predict the prognosis of patients with metastatic breast cancer. (medgadget.com)
Effects of exercise on circulating tumor cells among patients with resected stage I-III colon cancer. (harvard.edu)
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) count identifies and quantifies the EpCAM protein produced by epithelial tumor cells. (arupconsult.com)
Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells Detected by the CellSearch System in Patients with Metastatic Breast Colorectal and Prostate Cancer. (arupconsult.com)

In multivariate analysis, baseline cell counts, "conversion" from unfavorable to favorable during treatment, and lactate dehydrogenase predicted overall survival. (medpagetoday.com)
Many processes require an accurate initial cell count to standardize their baseline inputs and measure outcomes. (cognex.com)
CTC count and FDG-PET/CT imaging were performed at baseline in 102 evaluable patients before starting a new therapy and then again at the midpoint of their therapies (9 - 12 weeks). (medgadget.com)
Of the CIN-2+ cases, 2 were CIN-3 (an HIV-infected woman with a baseline CD4 cell count of 350-499 cells/uL, and an HIV-uninfected woman). (thefreedictionary.com)

The Cognex Deep Learning location tool accurately identifies cells by learning from annotated images of microscopic slides. (cognex.com)
Microscopic cell counting is also useful as a preliminary step for making colony counts. (ucdavis.edu)

The normal RBC range for men is 4.7 to 6.1 million cells per microliter (mcL). (healthline.com)

A patient's white count of 2,500 can be just as normal as another white count of 11,000. (zocdoc.com)

Red blood cells will circulate in the body for an average of 115 days. (medicalnewstoday.com)

A high white blood cell count is also called leukocytosis. (mayoclinic.org)
An increase in white blood cells is known as leukocytosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
High white blood cell count (leukocytosis) does not necessarily equate with leukemia. (medhelp.org)
Leukocytosis is defined as a condition where the white blood cell (WBC) count is increased. (medindia.net)
A complete blood count (CBC) is usually performed to check for leukocytosis. (clevelandclinic.org)

And what are the symptoms of a raised red cell count? (netdoctor.co.uk)
Low red blood cell count can cause a variety of symptoms and complications. (medicalnewstoday.com)
If your RBC count is too high or too low, you could experience symptoms and complications. (healthline.com)
If you experience these symptoms your doctor can order an RBC count. (healthline.com)
What Are Possible Symptoms of Having a Low White Blood Cell Count? (reference.com)
Low monocyte counts generally do not cause specific symptoms. (ehow.co.uk)
Some people with HIV have symptoms when their CD4 count is relatively high. (empowher.com)
Others have no symptoms even when their CD4 count drops to 200 or lower. (empowher.com)
Breast cancer can cause a low white blood cell count, but this only occurs when the disease is widely metastatic and you would have many other symptoms. (zocdoc.com)
He or she may want to follow your white cell count depending on how low it actually is, or if you have other symptoms. (zocdoc.com)
The particular signs and symptoms depend on the reason for the elevated red blood cell count . (emedicinehealth.com)
pstrongFoods to Increase Red Blood Cell Countbr /Symptoms of Anaemia:/strongbr /Common symptoms are low on iron are pale skin, weakness, unexplained fatigue, shortness of breath, loss of concentration. (indiatimes.com)

In adults, a normal CD4 cell count ranges from 500 to 1,200 cells/mm 3 (0.64 to 1.18 × 10 9 /L). (medlineplus.gov)
This function counts the number of cells that are not empty in the ranges that you specify. (dummies.com)
The value arguments (all of which are optional except for value1 ) are up to 30 different values or cell ranges that you want counted. (dummies.com)

Cell viability can be assessed based on the integrity of plasma membrane: the living cells have intact plasma membranes whereas membranes of dead cells are broken. (wikipedia.org)
As a result, when cells in an electrolyte or a particular buffer, they are aligned one by one to a precision measuring pore and exposed to the electric field, each of their information can be captured and the culture condition, including its concentration, viability and volume, can be analyzed. (wikipedia.org)
So, for the CASY technology, as the cell flow cytometry, it can present data of each cell as a cell size distribution graph, which has 2 variables, the change in cell volume and that in cell viability. (wikipedia.org)
Since the cell viability is determined by electric current exclusion, viability dyes such as Trypan blue and Propidium iodide are not needed. (wikipedia.org)
Hence, cell viability determination need no longer be a terminal experiment. (wikipedia.org)
This advantage permits subsequent tests using the cells such as viability after a further time interval. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] One of CASY technology applications is electronic cell counter for determining cell number and their viability in a sample. (wikipedia.org)
2005) has compared the CASY technology to two standard methods for cell viability measurement, including the neutral red uptake and MTT assay. (wikipedia.org)
Cell health and viability measurements provide essential insight into a broad range of biological processes and treatment responses. (biotek.com)
Diverse assay formats and reagents have been developed that measure specific aspects of cell viability corresponding to particular cellular response pathways and mechanisms of injury. (biotek.com)
I am only counting for viability and plating density etc so I think I will go with a normal coverslip until I can get a replacement. (protocol-online.org)
Shape and size of organisms are determined by light scattering while measurement with fluorescent light gives information on cell viability. (ucdavis.edu)
Hemacytometer is the way to go because in comparison to spectrophotometer allows an assessment of cell viability and distinguish cell type as well. (ucdavis.edu)

General agreement rests on a reference range of less than 100,000 cells/mL for uninfected cows and greater than 250,000 for cows infected with significant pathogen levels. (wikipedia.org)
Average Midwest herds, those producing 128,000 lb. of milk per month (from about 75 cows), had SCCs of 280,000 cells/ml. (agweb.com)
Countdown has a well-established process which involves using farm data (BMCC and herd test information) combined with taking milk samples from the problem cows (such as recent high individual cell count cows). (dairyaustralia.com.au)

A high white blood cell count is an increase in disease-fighting cells in your blood. (mayoclinic.org)
The exact threshold for a high white blood cell count varies from one laboratory to another. (mayoclinic.org)
I am 16 years old and just wondering (I did not want to make a doctor's appointment just for this) but in the past few years I have had a few blood tests and each time they say I have a high white blood cell count. (medhelp.org)
I am just wondering what sort of medical problems are associated with a high white blood cell count? (medhelp.org)
In contrast, a high white blood cell count is often found in leukemia, a type of cancer of the blood. (livestrong.com)

The normal white blood cell count is between 0 and 5. (medlineplus.gov)
The normal red blood cell count is 0. (medlineplus.gov)
Normal results vary depending on the type of T-cell tested. (medlineplus.gov)
For a normal cell, its size cannot be smaller than its nuclear size, which is the criterion to distinguish between living cells and dead cells. (wikipedia.org)
When people have a lower red blood count than normal, their body has to work overtime to get enough oxygen to the cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
What is the normal range for an RBC count? (healthline.com)
What does a higher than normal count mean? (healthline.com)
You have erythrocytosis if your RBC count is higher than normal. (healthline.com)
A normal neutrophil count (also called absolute neutrophil count or ANC) is between 2500 and 6000. (oncolink.org)
The tool generalizes the normal appearance of cells based on their size, shape, and surface features as well as variable features. (cognex.com)
This means the numbers of white blood cells are higher than the normal range. (clevelandclinic.org)
White blood cells are measured in the number per microliter, and a "normal" count is generally a range. (clevelandclinic.org)
If you have anemia, your blood has fewer red blood cells than normal. (webmd.com)
Even within the normal range, the WBC count is positively and independently associated with mortality from coronary heart disease ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
All her blood test results are normal, except for low white blood cell count. (healingwell.com)
Diabetics show significantly lower corneal endothelial cell count as compared with the normal population5. (thefreedictionary.com)
A normal white blood cell count is between 5,000 and 10,000 cells. (curesearch.org)
A normal white count varies widely depending on the patient. (zocdoc.com)
When you get sick, your white blood cell count is higher than normal. (ahealthyme.com)
Contrary to primary polycythemia in which overproduction of red blood cell results from increased sensitivity or responsiveness to Epo (often with lower than normal levels of Epo), in secondary polycythemia, more red cells are produced because of high levels of circulating Epo. (emedicinehealth.com)
The main reasons for higher than normal Epo are chronic hypoxia (poor blood oxygen levels over the long-term), poor oxygen delivery due to abnormal red blood cell structure, and tumors releasing inappropriately high amounts of Epo. (emedicinehealth.com)

Then the number of white blood cells per cubic millimeter is calculated. (everything2.com)
Some doctors chose to begin therapy when the CD4 count drops below 350 cells per cubic millimeter of blood (350 cells/mm3). (empowher.com)

In some patients, treatment with abiraterone "converted" unfavorable counts to favorable ones as early as four weeks after starting therapy. (medpagetoday.com)
Among other problems, chemo patients blood cell counts drop, often at alarming rates during therapy. (care2.com)
Fortunately Chinese medicine effectively raises blood cell counts for these patients. (care2.com)
Fortunately for these patients there is a safer therapy available that effectively increases blood cell production: Chinese medicine. (care2.com)
In my practice, I have seen blood cell counts markedly improve when acupuncture patients add Chinese herbs to their treatment plan. (care2.com)
Patients with low blood cell counts usually suffer from fatigue, so building qi to improve energy is also an important component of treatment. (care2.com)
These results suggest a higher and independent predictive value of CTCs compared with FDG-PET/CT among patients with a CTC count of five or more. (medgadget.com)
Test results can be used with other clinical and laboratory findings to provide early alerts of patients with serious conditions such as severe anemia (low red blood cell or hemoglobin count) and agranulocytosis (low white blood cell count), who require additional testing. (fda.gov)
Because the extent of previous transfusion has been shown to significantly affect the outcomes of patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for aplastic anemia, the rapidity with which these data are obtained is crucial. (medscape.com)

To do this test whole blood is mixed with a weak acid solution for the purpose of diluting the blood and gradually declining red blood cells with the liberation of hemoglobin . (everything2.com)
The cells contain hemoglobin, which is a protein that carries oxygen around the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The body uses iron to make the hemoglobin that stores the oxygen in the blood cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Changes in the RBC count usually mirror changes in other RBC tests, including the hematocrit and hemoglobin level. (labtestsonline.org)
Hemoglobin electrophoresis and blood-group testing may show elevated levels of fetal hemoglobin and red cell I antigen, suggesting stress erythropoiesis. (medscape.com)
2,3-BPG deficiency is a condition in which the hemoglobin molecule in the red blood cells has an abnormal structure. (emedicinehealth.com)
Therefore, when carbon monoxide molecules attach to hemoglobin, polycythemia (increased red cell and hemoglobin production) may occur in order to compensate for the poor oxygen delivery by the existing hemoglobin molecules. (emedicinehealth.com)

Without iron, these cells can die or be unable to deliver oxygen to the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
When you move to a higher altitude, your RBC count may increase for several weeks because there's less oxygen in the air. (healthline.com)
A high RBC count may be a result of sleep apnea , pulmonary fibrosis , and other conditions that cause low oxygen levels in the blood. (healthline.com)
The red blood cells carry the oxygen to the tissues. (vetinfo.com)
Erythrocytes or Red blood Cells main purpose is to transport oxygen throughout the cells of the body. (divshare.com)
Arterial blood carries oxygen from inhaled air to the tissues of the body, and venous blood carries carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism produced by cells, from the tissues to the lungs to be exhaled. (divshare.com)
It may also be due to a difficulty in getting enough oxygen/nutrients to the tissues so they are signaling the need for more red blood cells to carry these things. (doctorslounge.com)
This results in more red blood cells being produced in response to what the tissues in the body perceive as an inadequate oxygen level. (emedicinehealth.com)
Oxygen is important for every cell in the body, without it the cells cannot function. (indiatimes.com)
Anaemia is a condition where the number of red blood cells or their oxygen carrying capacity is insufficient to meet the basic physiologic need of the body. (indiatimes.com)

To address this question, we evaluated differences between subjects with IFG and IGT using the WBC count as a marker of subclinical inflammation and investigated the variables that showed a correlation with WBC count. (diabetesjournals.org)
White blood cell (WBC) counts are routinely measured in clinical practice as markers of systemic inflammation. (hindawi.com)

The cell count was unfavorable if the number yielded by the cell search system was five or greater and favorable if it was below five, he said. (medpagetoday.com)

For the newly invented equipments, they have an automatically lower threshold at 7 um, which can exclude small particles and cell debris in the cell culture. (wikipedia.org)
If levels of white blood cells are lower than usual, this may be a sign that the person has reduced immune activity. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Total white cell count was highest in men who had a combination of higher body fat and lower levels of physical fitness. (medindia.net)
Seems as though Ashok Agarwal, director of the andrology lab at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, is working on a study that indicates that prolonged exposure to cellphone radiofrequency electromagnetic waves can lower a man's sperm count.And when that happens, fertility can be adverselely affected. (zdnet.com)
Several factors are independently associated with occurrence of OI such as African American/Black race or Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, intravenous drug users, heterosexual HIV transmission, lower TCD4+ cell count , and higher viral load [5]. (thefreedictionary.com)
The WBC count tends to be lower in the morning and higher in the late afternoon. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
Unfortunately the limitations are in the lower cell counts as mentioned and therefore it is hard to give a guaranteed number of lactobacillus for example before reaching harmful levels. (ucdavis.edu)

An estimate of the platelet count is made and compared with the automated or chamber platelet count. (encyclopedia.com)

Blood tests were taken, and analysed for their content of various types of white blood cell. (medindia.net)
The CBC reports how many cells there are in the blood, and the physical characteristics of the cells, such as size, shape and content. (clevelandclinic.org)

Cell classification and counting is a key task in clinical diagnosis (for example, in blood smears or mitotic counts). (cognex.com)

MedlinePlus reports that certain diseases that cause damage to liver cells can cause low white blood cells. (livestrong.com)

The body then compensates by increasing the total quantity of haemoglobin and thus red cells. (netdoctor.co.uk)
A low white blood cell count can signal that an injury or condition is destroying cells faster than they are being made, or that the body is producing too few of them. (medicalnewstoday.com)
If the body does not receive a regular supply of necessary nutrients, the red blood cells may become malformed or die off at a faster rate than the body can replace them. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Eating more nutrient-rich foods can give the body the necessary tools to create healthy red blood cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Your hematocrit is the volume of red blood cells in your body. (healthline.com)
Their specific role is to destroy infectious organisms that invade the body and cancer cells. (ehow.co.uk)
The greater proportion of body fat a man had, the higher his white blood cell count was. (medindia.net)
White cell counts tend to rise after a bout of vigorous exercise, but the researchers said regular exercise might condition the body to respond more efficiently to the physical demands made of it. (medindia.net)
According to The Franklin Institute, at any given time, your body can contain between 7,000 and 25,000 white blood cells, which subsequently die after a few days or weeks. (livestrong.com)
Potassium and white blood cells exist in a delicate balance in your body. (livestrong.com)
As the amount of HIV virus in your body goes up (viral load) the number of health CD4 cells will go down. (empowher.com)
American and Chinese researchers collaborated to study the association between a severe course of COVID-19 and white blood cell counts in the body. (news-medical.net)
Evaluation of automated cell counts in body fluids using Sysmex XT-4000I--an important need of the day! (thefreedictionary.com)
The prevalence of NAFLD in 2010 increased steadily in conjunction with increasing WBC counts in 2005 after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) [odds ratio (OR) 2.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.49-4.00 for women and OR 2.42, 95% CI = 1.61-3.63 for men, lowest quartile versus highest quartile]. (hindawi.com)
All body fluids except CSF needing a cell count Ex. (spartanburgregional.com)
pstrongFoods to Increase Red Blood Cell Countbr /Low RBC and Disease:/strongbr /A low iron count or haemoglobin count should be taken care of immediately as it affects the metabolism of the body. (indiatimes.com)

Cell Bio 2020 (ASCB) is an inclusive, international community of biologists studying the cell, the fundamental unit of life. (moleculardevices.com)

Basophils make up 0.5-1% of all white blood cells. (divshare.com)

This approach is undoubtedly easy-to-understand and easy-to-use, but it's not the best way to count characters in a range consisting of, say, 100 or 1000 cells. (ablebits.com)
Because there are 1000 cubic ml in one cubic cm, the particle count is 9,350,000 per ml. (ucdavis.edu)

There also are a variety of blood disorders, some benign, that can cause an elevation in the lymphocyte counts. (timescolonist.com)

We expect that Smart-seq3 will enable large-scale characterization of cell types and states across tissues and organisms. (nature.com)

The main problem caused by polycythaemia is that the high number of red cells increases the blood's 'thickness' (viscosity). (netdoctor.co.uk)

To quantify the performance metric for a counting measurement process, we assess two main properties to determine the overall quality of the measurement: proportionality and precision. (nist.gov)

It's also known as an erythrocyte count. (healthline.com)

Anatomy27

Organisms7

Diseases57

Chemicals and Drugs43

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment84

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes33

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care38

Geographicals12

In vitro effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) on bovine cells. (1/11947)

Urethral response to latex and Silastic catheters. (2/11947)

Electronic volume analysis of L1210 chemotherapy. (3/11947)

Analysis of the effects of food and of digestive secretions on the small intestine of the rat. 1. Mucosal morphology and epithelial replacement. (4/11947)

Transformation of intestinal epithelial cells by chronic TGF-beta1 treatment results in downregulation of the type II TGF-beta receptor and induction of cyclooxygenase-2. (5/11947)

p27 is involved in N-cadherin-mediated contact inhibition of cell growth and S-phase entry. (6/11947)

Gender-related differences in myocyte remodeling in progression to heart failure. (7/11947)

Luteal regression in the normally cycling rat: apoptosis, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and inflammatory cell involvement. (8/11947)

Cell Count

CD4 Lymphocyte Count

Leukocyte Count

Blood Cell Count

Platelet Count

HIV Infections

Viral Load

Erythrocyte Count

Lymphocyte Count

Anti-HIV Agents

Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active

HIV-1

Colony Count, Microbial

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections

Anti-Retroviral Agents

Mastitis, Bovine

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Time Factors

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes

Leukocytosis

Milk

Cohort Studies

Sperm Count

HIV Seropositivity

RNA, Viral

Prospective Studies

CD4-CD8 Ratio

Sputum

Treatment Outcome

Hematologic Tests

Biological Markers

HIV

Drug Therapy, Combination

Retrospective Studies

Reticulocyte Count

Disease Progression

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

Risk Factors

Neutrophils

South Africa

Hematocrit

Follow-Up Studies

Predictive Value of Tests

Prognosis

Parasite Egg Count

Zidovudine

HIV Seronegativity

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Drug Administration Schedule

Hemoglobins

Viremia

Thrombocytopenia

Flow Cytometry

Nevirapine

Eosinophils

Leukocytes

Dairying

C-Reactive Protein

HIV Protease Inhibitors

Lymphocytes

Sensitivity and Specificity

Lymphocyte Subsets

Cross-Sectional Studies

Multivariate Analysis

Case-Control Studies

Therapeutic Irrigation

Uganda

Bone Marrow

Didanosine

Benzoxazines

Erythrocyte Indices

Lung

Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical

Cattle

Acute Disease

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Mastitis

Cytomegalovirus Retinitis

Survival Analysis

Inflammation