Cell biology. Medical search

The study of the structure, behavior, growth, reproduction, and pathology of cells; and the function and chemistry of cellular components.

One of the BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES concerned with the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of animals, plants, and microorganisms.

Comprehensive, methodical analysis of complex biological systems by monitoring responses to perturbations of biological processes. Large scale, computerized collection and analysis of the data are used to develop and test models of biological systems.

A discipline concerned with studying biological phenomena in terms of the chemical and physical interactions of molecules.

The field of biology which deals with the process of the growth and differentiation of an organism.

The fundamental, structural, and functional units or subunits of living organisms. They are composed of CYTOPLASM containing various ORGANELLES and a CELL MEMBRANE boundary.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

A field of biological research combining engineering in the formulation, design, and building (synthesis) of novel biological structures, functions, and systems.

Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Societies whose membership is limited to scientists.

Cellular processes, properties, and characteristics.

Time period from 2001 through 2100 of the common era.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Cellular functions, mechanisms, and activities.

Methods used to study CELLS.

A field of medicine concerned with developing and using strategies aimed at repair or replacement of damaged, diseased, or metabolically deficient organs, tissues, and cells via TISSUE ENGINEERING; CELL TRANSPLANTATION; and ARTIFICIAL ORGANS and BIOARTIFICIAL ORGANS and tissues.

Nonparasitic free-living flatworms of the class Turbellaria. The most common genera are Dugesia, formerly Planaria, which lives in water, and Bipalium, which lives on land. Geoplana occurs in South America and California.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Cells with high proliferative and self renewal capacities derived from adults.

The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.

The study of the composition, chemical structures, and chemical reactions of living things.

The physiological renewal, repair, or replacement of tissue.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Cells derived from the BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS which forms before implantation in the uterine wall. They retain the ability to divide, proliferate and provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

The transfer of STEM CELLS from one individual to another within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or between species (XENOTRANSPLANTATION), or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). The source and location of the stem cells determines their potency or pluripotency to differentiate into various cell types.

The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

Experimentation on STEM CELLS and on the use of stem cells.

Highly proliferative, self-renewing, and colony-forming stem cells which give rise to NEOPLASMS.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A medical specialty concerned with the hypersensitivity of the individual to foreign substances and protection from the resultant infection or disorder.

Specific particles of membrane-bound organized living substances present in eukaryotic cells, such as the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.

The study of the structure, growth, activities, and functions of NEURONS and the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Cells that can give rise to cells of the three different GERM LAYERS.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

Interacting DNA-encoded regulatory subsystems in the GENOME that coordinate input from activator and repressor TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS during development, cell differentiation, or in response to environmental cues. The networks function to ultimately specify expression of particular sets of GENES for specific conditions, times, or locations.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

The application of engineering principles and methods to living organisms or biological systems.

Methods utilizing the principles of MICROFLUIDICS for sample handling, reagent mixing, and separation and detection of specific components in fluids.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A particular zone of tissue composed of a specialized microenvironment where stem cells are retained in a undifferentiated, self-renewable state.

Generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs. The use of TISSUE SCAFFOLDING enables the generation of complex multi-layered tissues and tissue structures.

Auditory and visual instructional materials.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

A plant genus of the family CAPPARACEAE that contains cleogynol and 15alpha-acetoxycleomblynol (dammaranes) and 1-epibrachyacarpone (a triterpene), and ISOTHIOCYANATES.

The study of the development of an organism during the embryonic and fetal stages of life.

The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., GENETIC ENGINEERING) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include TRANSFECTION and CLONING technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction.

Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program.

A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.

Artificial organs that are composites of biomaterials and cells. The biomaterial can act as a membrane (container) as in BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER or a scaffold as in bioartificial skin.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.

Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.

The process that reverts CELL NUCLEI of fully differentiated somatic cells to a pluripotent or totipotent state. This process can be achieved to a certain extent by NUCLEAR TRANSFER TECHNIQUES, such as fusing somatic cell nuclei with enucleated pluripotent embryonic stem cells or enucleated totipotent oocytes. GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING of the fused hybrid cells is used to determine the degree of reprogramming. Dramatic results of nuclear reprogramming include the generation of cloned mammals, such as Dolly the sheep in 1997.

Warm-blooded vertebrate animals belonging to the class Mammalia, including all that possess hair and suckle their young.

Publications in any medium issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely. (ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p203)

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

A reverse developmental process in which terminally differentiated cells with specialized functions revert back to a less differentiated stage within their own CELL LINEAGE.

Complex sets of enzymatic reactions connected to each other via their product and substrate metabolites.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

Educational institutions providing facilities for teaching and research and authorized to grant academic degrees.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

Non-human animals, selected because of specific characteristics, for use in experimental research, teaching, or testing.

The educational process of instructing.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

Manufacturing technology for making microscopic devices in the micrometer range (typically 1-100 micrometers), such as integrated circuits or MEMS. The process usually involves replication and parallel fabrication of hundreds or millions of identical structures using various thin film deposition techniques and carried out in environmentally-controlled clean rooms.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

The study of natural phenomena by observation, measurement, and experimentation.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Components of a cell.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

The study of fluid channels and chambers of tiny dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers and volumes of nanoliters or picoliters. This is of interest in biological MICROCIRCULATION and used in MICROCHEMISTRY and INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

Research that involves the application of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to medicine.

The quality of surface form or outline of the CELL NUCLEUS.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A genetic process by which the adult organism is realized via mechanisms that lead to the restriction in the possible fates of cells, eventually leading to their differentiated state. Mechanisms involved cause heritable changes to cells without changes to DNA sequence such as DNA METHYLATION; HISTONE modification; DNA REPLICATION TIMING; NUCLEOSOME positioning; and heterochromatization which result in selective gene expression or repression.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Any of several ways in which living cells of an organism communicate with one another, whether by direct contact between cells or by means of chemical signals carried by neurotransmitter substances, hormones, and cyclic AMP.

The quality of surface form or outline of CELLS.

The life of a person written by himself or herself. (Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed)

Recording serial images of a process at regular intervals spaced out over a longer period of time than the time in which the recordings will be played back.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

Local surroundings with which cells interact by processing various chemical and physical signals, and by contributing their own effects to this environment.

Methods for determining interaction between PROTEINS.

Silicone polymers which consist of silicon atoms substituted with methyl groups and linked by oxygen atoms. They comprise a series of biocompatible materials used as liquids, gels or solids; as film for artificial membranes, gels for implants, and liquids for drug vehicles; and as antifoaming agents.

Transference of cells within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Tomography using x-ray transmission.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

A course of study offered by an educational institution.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The process of finding chemicals for potential therapeutic use.

Basic functional unit of plants.

The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

Rapid methods of measuring the effects of an agent in a biological or chemical assay. The assay usually involves some form of automation or a way to conduct multiple assays at the same time using sample arrays.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Facilities equipped to carry out investigative procedures.

Cells of the higher organisms, containing a true nucleus bounded by a nuclear membrane.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Assaying the products of or monitoring various biochemical processes and reactions in an individual cell.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms at various stages during GAMETOGENESIS.

The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Databases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.

Unequal cell division that results in daughter cells of different sizes.

Cells from adult organisms that have been reprogrammed into a pluripotential state similar to that of EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS.

The assessing of academic or educational achievement. It includes all aspects of testing and test construction.

Self-renewing cells that generate the main phenotypes of the nervous system in both the embryo and adult. Neural stem cells are precursors to both NEURONS and NEUROGLIA.

The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

Orientation of intracellular structures especially with respect to the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. Polarized cells must direct proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the appropriate domain since tight junctions prevent proteins from diffusing between the two domains.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

The application of discoveries generated by laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of clinical trials and studies in humans. A second area of translational research concerns enhancing the adoption of best practices.

The use of molecularly targeted imaging probes to localize and/or monitor biochemical and cellular processes via various imaging modalities that include RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FLUORESCENCE IMAGING; and MICROSCOPY.

The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Acquisition of knowledge as a result of instruction in a formal course of study.

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

The science and application of a double-beam transmission interference microscope in which the illuminating light beam is split into two paths. One beam passes through the specimen while the other beam reflects off a reference mirror before joining and interfering with the other. The observed optical path difference between the two beams can be measured and used to discriminate minute differences in thickness and refraction of non-stained transparent specimens, such as living cells in culture.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Minute infectious agents whose genomes are composed of DNA or RNA, but not both. They are characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the inability to replicate outside living host cells.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS.

Elongated, spindle-shaped, quiescent myoblasts lying in close contact with adult skeletal muscle. They are thought to play a role in muscle repair and regeneration.

Chromosomal, biochemical, intracellular, and other methods used in the study of genetics.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A tube-like invagination of the EPIDERMIS from which the hair shaft develops and into which SEBACEOUS GLANDS open. The hair follicle is lined by a cellular inner and outer root sheath of epidermal origin and is invested with a fibrous sheath derived from the dermis. (Stedman, 26th ed) Follicles of very long hairs extend into the subcutaneous layer of tissue under the SKIN.

A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.

Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal.

Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.

Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

The study of those aspects of energy and matter in terms of elementary principles and laws. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Components of the cytoplasm excluding the CYTOSOL.

Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and ARCHAEA), also called Eukarya. These are organisms whose cells are enclosed in membranes and possess a nucleus. They comprise almost all multicellular and many unicellular organisms, and are traditionally divided into groups (sometimes called kingdoms) including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and various algae and other taxa that were previously part of the old kingdom Protista.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.

Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.

A mechanism of communication with a physiological system for homeostasis, adaptation, etc. Physiological feedback is mediated through extensive feedback mechanisms that use physiological cues as feedback loop signals to control other systems.

The process of germ cell development from the primordial GERM CELLS to the mature haploid GAMETES: ova in the female (OOGENESIS) or sperm in the male (SPERMATOGENESIS).

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

The performance of dissections, injections, surgery, etc., by the use of micromanipulators (attachments to a microscope) that manipulate tiny instruments.

How cells (might) sense microgravity. (1/414)

This article is a summary of a lecture presented at an ESA/NASA Workshop on Cell and Molecular Biology Research in Space that convened in Leuven, Belgium, in June 1998. Recent studies are reviewed which suggest that cells may sense mechanical stresses, including those due to gravity, through changes in the balance of forces that are transmitted across transmembrane adhesion receptors that link the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and to other cells (e.g., integrins, cadherins, selectins). The mechanism by which these mechanical signals are transduced and converted into a biochemical response appears to be based, in part, on the finding that living cells use a tension-dependent form of architecture, known as tensegrity, to organize and stabilize their cytoskeleton. Because of tensegrity, the cellular response to stress differs depending on the level of pre-stress (pre-existing tension) in the cytoskeleton and it involves all three cytoskeletal filament systems as well as nuclear scaffolds. Recent studies confirm that alterations in the cellular force balance can influence intracellular biochemistry within focal adhesion complexes that form at the site of integrin binding as well as gene expression in the nucleus. These results suggest that gravity sensation may not result from direct activation of any single gravioreceptor molecule. Instead, gravitational forces may be experienced by individual cells in the living organism as a result of stress-dependent changes in cell, tissue, or organ structure that, in turn, alter extracellular matrix mechanics, cell shape, cytoskeletal organization, or internal pre-stress in the cell-tissue matrix.--Ingber, D. How cells (might) sense microgravity. (+info)

Mapping the literature of cytotechnology. (2/414)

The major purpose of this study was to identify and assess indexing coverage of core journals in cytotechnology. It was part of a larger project sponsored by the Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section of the Medical Library Association to map the literature of allied health. Three representative journals in cytotechnology were selected and subjected to citation analysis to determine what journals, other publication types, and years were cited and how often. Bradford's Law of Scattering was applied to the resulting list of cited journals to identify core titles in the discipline, and five indexes were searched to assess coverage of these core titles. Results indicated that the cytotechnology journal literature had a small core but wide dispersion: one third of the 21,021 journal citations appeared in only 3 titles; another third appeared in an additional 26 titles; the remaining third were scattered in 1,069 different titles. Science Citation Index Expanded rated highest in indexing coverage of the core titles, followed by MEDLINE, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, HealthSTAR, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). The study's results also showed that journals were the predominantly cited format and that citing authors relied strongly on more recent literature. (+info)

Antibodies and sperm survival in the female tract of the mouse and rabbit. (3/414)

Rabbit and mouse spermatozoa from male and female tracts have been examined for their species-antigenic surface character, and for adherent antibodies, by double immunofluorescence techniques. Mouse spermatozoa from the ductus deferens showed an area over the acrosome which was positive to anti-mouse serum that had been absorbed with some male mouse somatic tissues including blood, but those from the uterus and oviduct were not stained. Spermatozoa from the uterus were shown to have an antibody coat on the acrosome, with anti-mouse IgG, but those from the ductus deferens and oviduct did not. Rabbit spermatozoa were more variable but their activity was similar: ejaculated spermatozoa sometimes already had antibody of male origin; the majority of the spermatozoa arriving early in the uterus were coated, but in general those that attained the oviducts were not coated. The results are interpreted as evidence for selection by the female tract of a small antigenically different population; the majority of spermatozoa are rejected and/or destroyed. (+info)

A new miniature hydrostatic pressure chamber for microscopy. Strain-free optical glass windows facilitate phase-contrast and polarized-light microscopy of living cells. Optional fixture permits simultaneous control of pressure and temperature. (4/414)

This paper describes the development of a miniature, temperature-controlled, stainless steel pressure chamber which uses strain-free optical glass for windows. It is directly adaptable to standard phase-contrast and polarized-light microscopes and requires a minimum amount of equipment to generate and measure pressure. Birefringence retardation (BR) og 0.1 nm up to 3,000 psi, 0.4 nm up to 5,000 psi and 1.0 nm up to 10,000 psi can be detected over a 0.75-mm central field with two strain-free Leitz 20 times UM objectives, one used as a condenser. In phase-contrast studies a Nikon DML 40 times phase objective and Zeiss model IS long working-distance phase condenser were used, with little deterioration of image quality or contrast at pressures as high as 12,000 psi. The actual design process required a synthesis of various criteria which may be categorized under four main areas of consideration: (a) specimen physiology; (b) constraints imposed by available optical equipment and standard microscope systems; (c) mechanical strength and methods for generating pressure; and (d) optical requirements of the chamber windows. Procedures for using the chambers, as well as methods for shifting and controlling the temperature within the chamber, are included. (+info)

Prototype Web-based continuing medical education using FlashPix images. (5/414)

Continuing Medical Education (CME) is a requirement among practicing physicians to promote continuous enhancement of clinical knowledge to reflect new developments in medical care. Previous research has harnessed the Web to disseminate complete pathology CME case studies including history, images, diagnoses, and discussions to the medical community. Users submit real-time diagnoses and receive instantaneous feedback, eliminating the need for hard copies of case material and case evaluation forms. This project extends the Web-based CME paradigm with the incorporation of multi-resolution FlashPix images and an intuitive, interactive user interface. The FlashPix file format combines a high-resolution version of an image with a hierarchy of several lower resolution copies, providing real-time magnification via a single image file. The Web interface was designed specifically to simulate microscopic analysis, using the latest Javascript, Java and Common Gateway Interface tools. As the project progresses to the evaluation stage, it is hoped that this active learning format will provide a practical and efficacious environment for continuing medical education with additional application potential in classroom demonstrations, proficiency testing, and telepathology. Using Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 and above, the working prototype Web-based CME environment is accessible at http://telepathology.upmc.edu/WebInterface/NewInterface/welcome.html. (+info)

A brief history of the Japan Society for Cell Biology. (6/414)

The Japan Society for Cell Biology (JSCB) was first founded in 1950 as the Japan Society for Cellular Chemistry under the vigorous leadership of Seizo Katsunuma, in collaboration with Shigeyasu Amano and Satimaru Seno. The Society was provisionally named as above simply because cell biology had not yet been coined at that time in Japan, although in prospect and reality the Society was in fact for the purpose of pursuing cell biology. Later in 1964, the Society was properly renamed as the Japan Society for Cell Biology. After this renaming, the JSCB made great efforts to adapt itself to the rapid progress being made in cell biology. For this purpose the Society's constitution was created in 1966 and revised in 1969. According to the revised constitution, the President, Executive Committee and Councils were to be determined by ballot vote. The style of the annual meetings was gradually modified to incorporate general oral and poster presentations in addition to Symposia (1969-1974). The publication of annual periodicals in Japanese called Symposia of the Japan Society for Cellular Chemistry (1951-1967) and later Symposia of the Japan Society for Cell Biology (1968-1974) was replaced by a new international journal called Cell Structure and Function initiated in 1975. This reformation made it possible for the Society to participate in the Science Council of Japan in 1975 and finally in 1993 to acquire its own study section of Cell Biology with grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Education and Science, Japan. The JSCB hosted the 3rd International Congress on Cell Biology (ICCB) in 1984 and the 3rd Asian-Pacific Organization for Cell Biology (APOCB) Congress in 1998, thus contributing to the international advancement of cell biology. Now the membership of JSCB stands at approximately 1,800 and the number of presentations per meeting is 300 to 400 annually. Although a good number of interesting and important findings in cell biology have been reported from Japan, the general academic activity of the JSCB is far less than one might expect. This is simply due the fact that academic activity in the field of cell biology in Japan is divided among several other related societies such as the Japan Society for Molecular Biology and the Japan Society for Developmental Biology, among others. (+info)

Myocardial lysis in acute rheumatic fever followed by regeneration of cardiac muscle and origin of Aschoff bodies. (7/414)

In acute rheumatic heart disease, lysis of cardiac muscle fibres with or without retention of sarcolemma is found to be the most damaging feature in many cases. In deeper myocardium the cellular lysis often forms anastomosing clefts or sinus-like spaces between surviving muscle bundles and in the outer portion of myocardium cellular lysis may leave the sarcolemma more or less intact. From lysing cardiac muscle fibres there arise dedifferentiated cells with remarkable potentiality for regeneration. For the origin of these dedifferentiated cells, which are often indistinguishable from lymphocytes, no mitosis is seen in cardiac muscle cells. The successive stages of development of muscle cell from these dedifferentiated cells within the remaining or newly formed sarcolemma have been observed in this study. This study infers that the increased number of fibrous septa, when seen, denotes the tracks of previous muscle degeneration and subsequent replacement of it with incomplete muscle regeneration and fibrous tissue formation. In an area of muscle lysis the origin of Aschoff bodies from these dedifferentiated cells has been followed. Ashoff bodies arising in this was behave as an abortive and atypical growth of muscle fibres in a nodular fashion specific to rheumatic fever. (+info)

Papanicolaou tests diagnosed as atypical by a cytotechnologist and downgraded to benign by a pathologist: a measure of laboratory quality. (8/414)

Follow-up of Papanicolaou (Pap) tests diagnosed as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS) by a cytotechnologist and downgraded to benign by a pathologist has not been measured. Squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) follow-up rates were obtained for Pap tests diagnosed as ASCUS (288) or AGUS (94) and downgraded to benign and for Pap tests diagnosed as repair (231). Statistically significant associations were seen between 7 cytotechnologists and between 7 pathologists and ASCUS, AGUS, downgraded ASCUS, and downgraded AGUS rates. The percentage of downgraded ASCUS cases compared with all ASCUS cases per pathologist ranged from 4.8% to 43.7%. Statistically significant associations between pathologists and SIL follow-up rates for downgraded ASCUS diagnoses were seen. The SIL follow-up rate for repair (7.9%) was similar to that for a downgraded ASCUS (11.0%) or AGUS (7.3%). The parameters of downgraded ASCU and AGUS Pap test interpretations are good quality indicators of individual performance and overall laboratory quality. (+info)

Cell biology[edit]. Main article: Biomarker (cell). In cell biology, a biomarker is a molecule that allows the detection and ... A bio-marker, or biological marker is a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition. Biomarkers are often ... Basu PK, Miller I, Ormsby HL (March 1960). "Sex chromatin as a biologic cell marker in the study of the fate of corneal ... isolation of a particular cell type (for example, the protein Oct-4 is used as a biomarker to identify embryonic stem cells).[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomarkers

The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, ... Cell and molecular biology[edit]. In 1881, the embryologist Wilhelm Roux published Der Kampf der Theile im Organismus (The ... Main article: Competition (biology). In biology, competition is an interaction between organisms in which the fitness of one is ... Gilbert, S.F.; Opitz, J.M.; Raff, R.A. (1996). "Resynthesizing Evolutionary and Developmental Biology". Developmental Biology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology. 310. pp. 129-69. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-800180-6.00004-9. ISBN 978-0-12- ... Cancer stem cells may arise from transformation of adult stem cells or differentiated cells within a body. These cells persist ... and stem cells are the only cells that can transmit DNA from the zygote to cells late in life. Other cells cannot keep DNA from ... It is thought that when the virus infects a cell, it inserts a part of its own DNA near the cell growth genes, causing cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenesis

In mammals, major cell types include skin cells, muscle cells, neurons, blood cells, fibroblasts, stem cells, and others. Cell ... Cell wall. Further information: Cell wall. Many types of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a cell wall. The cell wall acts ... Main article: Cell division. Cell division involves a single cell (called a mother cell) dividing into two daughter cells. This ... Cells are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytota

The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, ... Cell and molecular biology[edit]. In 1881, the embryologist Wilhelm Roux published Der Kampf der Theile im Organismus (The ... Reviews in Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine. 2 (3): 60-93.. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link). ... Main article: Competition (biology). In biology, competition is an interaction between organisms in which the fitness of one is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Selection

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.003. PMID 17512402.. *^ Pharmamotion --, Protein synthesis inhibitors: aminoglycosides mechanism of ... Moldovan, G. L.; Pfander, B.; Jentsch, S. (2007). "PCNA, the Maestro of the Replication Fork". Cell. 129 (4): 665-79. ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proofreading_(biology)&oldid=749263498" ...

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Macrophages are a type of repairing cell that devour dead cells and pathogens, and trigger other immune cells to respond to ... "Journal of Experimental Biology. 13: 344-351.. *^ Kresie L (April 2001). "Artificial blood: an update on current red cell and ... In biology, regeneration is the process of renewal, restoration, and growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ... Brockes JP, Kumar A (2008). "Comparative aspects of animal regeneration". Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 24: ...

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Cell biology and genetics[edit]. Main article: Cell biology. Hysteresis in cell biology often follows bistable systems where ... Ras at the cell surface. Since higher levels of active Ras have accumulated at the cell surface in T cells that have been ... In developmental biology, cell type diversity is regulated by long range-acting signaling molecules called morphogens that ... "Cell. 136 (2): 337-351. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.11.051. PMC 2662698 . PMID 19167334.. ...

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"Cell biology. How to STIMulate calcium channels". Science. 330 (6000): 43-4. doi:10.1126/science.1196348. PMC 3133971. PMID ... cell junction. • dendrite. • sarcolemma. • cell projection. • perikaryon. • synapse. • postsynaptic membrane. Biological ... membrane depolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential. • cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in ... "Cell and Tissue Research. 357 (2): 463-76. doi:10.1007/s00441-014-1936-3. PMID 24996399.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cav1.2

In biology, the solutions on either side of a cell membrane are isotonic if the concentration of solutes outside the cell is ... Due to osmotic pressure, water diffuses into the cell, and the cell often appears turgid, or bloated. For cells without a cell ... When plant cells are in a hypertonic solution, the flexible cell membrane pulls away from the rigid cell wall, but remains ... In biology, a solution outside of a cell is called hypotonic if it has a lower concentration of solutes relative to the cytosol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonicity

He is the Fergus F. Wallace Professor of Biomedical Sciences at Yale University, the Chairman of the Department of Cell Biology ... "Leading Cell Biologist Joins Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons". Columbia Medical Center Newsroom. Retrieved ... This cellular trafficking underlies many critical physiological functions, including the propagation of the cell itself in ... and other molecules within cells-know how to reach their correct destination and where and when to release their contents. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Rothman

a b c d e f g The Molecular Biology of the Cell, fourth edition. Bruce Alberts, et al. Garland Science (2002) pg. 342 ISBN 0- ... "Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 13 (6): 355-369. doi:10.1038/nrm3359. ISSN 1471-0080. PMC 4039366 . PMID 22617470.. ... "Cell. 151 (5): 1042-54. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.10.044. PMC 3534965 . PMID 23178123.. ... In eukaryotes, the process takes place both in the cell cytoplasm and in the nucleolus, which is a region within the cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosome

Medical Cell Biology (3rd ed.). Academic Press. p. 69.. *^ Martini F, Nath J, Bartholomew E (2014). Fundamentals of Anatomy and ... "Molecular Biology of the Cell. 14 (3): 889-902. doi:10.1091/mbc.E02-08-0468. PMC 151567. PMID 12631711.. ... "The Journal of Cell Biology. 179 (6): 1193-204. doi:10.1083/jcb.200705180. PMC 2140024. PMID 18086916.. ... Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002). Molecular biology of the cell (4th ed.). New York: Garland ...

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Cell biology. The mitochondrion. Components of a typical mitochondrion 1 Outer membrane. ... Thar, R.and M. Kühl (2004). "Propagation of electromagnetic radiation in mitochondria?". J.Theoretical Biology, 230(2), 261-270 ... "Systems of double membranes in the cytoplasm of certain tissue cells" (PDF). Nature. 171: 31-32. doi:10.1038/171031a0 ...

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one of the most intensively studied eukaryotic model organisms in molecular and cell biology ... have cells held in place by cell walls, and so develop by progressive growth.[15] Also, unique to animal cells are the ... "Cell biology. Whither model organism research?". Science. 307 (5717): 1885-6. doi:10.1126/science.1108872. PMID 15790833. ( ... Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). New York: Garland Science. Retrieved 2015-03-23.. ...

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Masel J (October 2011). "Genetic drift". Current Biology. Cell Press. 21 (20): R837-8. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.08.007. PMID ... Presgraves DC (September 2005). "Recombination enhances protein adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster". Current Biology. Cell ... "PLoS Biology. Public Library of Science. 3 (7): e196. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030196. PMC 1135296. PMID 15907155.. ... doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.014. PMID 16901780.. *^ "Bottlenecks and founder effects". Understanding Evolution. University of ...

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"Journal of Leukocyte Biology. Society for Leukocyte Biology. 82 (5): 1027-1032. doi:10.1189/jlb.0407214. PMID 17615380. ... Costimulation of B cell by activated T helper cell[edit]. For more details on activation of B cells, see B cell § Activation of ... Activation of the T helper cells by antigen-presenting cells.. *Costimulation of the B cell by activated T cell resulting in ... B cell and T cell mutually activate each other 5. B cells differentiate into plasma cells to produce soluble antibodies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyclonal

Cell Biology, Published Online October 26, 2017 Galindo, Juan de Abreu (1999-01-01). "VII". The History of the Discovery and ... Current Biology. Cell Press. 27 (21): 3396-3402. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.059. PMID 29107554. Retrieved July 13, 2020. Secher ... BMC Evolutionary Biology. BioMed Central. 9 (181): 181. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-181. PMC 2728732. PMID 19650893. Fregel, Rosa; ... BMC Evolutionary Biology. BioMed Central. 14 (109): 109. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-109. PMC 4062890. PMID 24885141. Roman Trade ...

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Cell Biology. Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 200-203. ISBN 978-1-4160-2255-8. Pollard, TD (2007). Cell Biology. Philadelphia: ... Dalal, Yamini (2009). "Epigenetic specification of centromeres". Biochemistry and Cell Biology. 87 (1): 273-82. doi:10.1139/O08 ... Molecular Cell Biology (6th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-7601-7. Nagaki, Kiyotaka; Cheng, Zhukuan; Ouyang, Shu ... Essential Cell Biology (4 ed.). New York, NY: Garland Science. p. 183. ISBN 978-0-8153-4454-4. Pollard, T.D. (2007). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centromere

Current Biology. Cell Press. 27 (4): 576-582. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.060. PMC 5321670. PMID 28162894. Kashuba, Natalija (May ... Current Biology. Cell Press. 27 (14): 2185-2193. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.022. PMID 28712569. Anthony, David (Spring-Summer ... PLOS Biology. PLOS. 16 (1): e2003703. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2003703. PMC 5760011. PMID 29315301. Haak, Wolfgang (June 11, ... Communications Biology. Nature Research. 2 (105): 185. doi:10.1038/s42003-019-0399-1. PMC 6520363. PMID 31123709. Lazaridis, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Hunter-Gatherer

Daniel Alfonso Colón-Ramos is the McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience and Cell Biology at Yale University School of ... "Home > Colón-Ramos Lab , Cell Biology , Yale School of Medicine". medicine.yale.edu. Retrieved 2018-12-25. Santella, Anthony; ... American Society for Cell Biology, 2016 Early Career Award for Public Engagement with Science, American Association for the ... where his lab studies the cell biology of the synapse during development and learning. He is also the founder of the nonprofit ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Colón-Ramos

"James E Rothman, PhD > Rothman Lab , Cell Biology , Yale School of Medicine". medicine.yale.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-05. ... Greenberg, Philip D. (2011-12-27). "Ralph M. Steinman: A man, a microscope, a cell, and so much more". Proceedings of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Harvard_University

Research within the Institute is advanced through six Research Groups: • Cardiovascular Research • Cell Biology • Infection, ... the study of how the microbial cell functions biochemically) again at University of Glasgow. The professor also works with the ... Scottish Qualifications Authority in creating the new Curriculum For Excellence Framework in Biology.[citation needed] The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Strathclyde_Faculty_of_Science

Current Biology. Cell Press. 19 (20): 1758-1762. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.017. PMC 4275881. PMID 19781941. Mittnik, Alisa ( ...

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"CV (Randy W. Schekman)" (PDF). "James E Rothman, PhD > Rothman Lab , Cell Biology , Yale School of Medicine". medicine.yale.edu ...

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"James E Rothman, PhD > Rothman Lab , Cell Biology , Yale School of Medicine". medicine.yale.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-05. "The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Princeton_University

"James E Rothman, PhD > Rothman Lab , Cell Biology , Yale School of Medicine". medicine.yale.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-05. "Richard ... "LEFKOWITZ BIO". HHMI. Retrieved 2018-01-15. "CV (Martin Chalfie)". "CV (Robert H. Grubbs)" (PDF). "William S. Knowles - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Columbia_University

Burke, Jack D. (1970). Cell Biology. Williams and Wilkins. p. 200. Retrieved 2009-01-16. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schindleria

Lenton KA, Nacamuli RP, Wan DC, Helms JA, Longaker MT (2005). "Cranial suture biology". Current Topics in Developmental Biology ... Certain cells in the brain respond specifically to an increase of CO2 in the blood.[4][24] The response involves vasodilatation ... Advances in the fields of molecular biology and genetics, as well as the use of animal models have been of great importance in ... Frontiers of Oral Biology. 12 (1): 107-43. doi:10.1159/000115035. ISBN 978-3-8055-8326-8. . PMID 18391498.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniosynostosis

Kierszenbaum, Abraham L. (2002). Histology and cell biology: an introduction to pathology. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 275. ISBN 0-323 ... Plasma cells, also called plasma B cells, plasmocytes, plasmacytes, or effector B cells, are white blood cells that secrete ... In humans, CD27 is a good marker for plasma cells, naive B cells are CD27-, memory B-cells are CD27+ and plasma cells are ... Germinal center B cells may differentiate into memory B cells or plasma cells. Most of these B cells will become plasmablasts ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cells

Bacteria, mucosal-associated invariant T cells and MR1. Immunology and Cell Biology. November 2010, 88 (8): 767-9. PMID ... T Cells to protect tumour cells. Nature Communications. March 2018, 9 (1): 948. PMC 5838096. PMID 29507342. doi:10.1038/s41467- ... 细胞毒性T细胞(CTLs, killer T cells)负责杀伤被病毒感染的细胞和癌细胞，在对器官移植的免疫排斥中也有参与。其特点在于细胞表面的CD8蛋白质。它通过识别所有有核细胞表

https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/T细胞

Cell. Biochem. 204 (1-2): 135-55. doi:10.1023/A:1007012622030. PMID 10718634. Geyer M, Fackler OT, Peterlin BM (2001). " ... N-myristoyltransferase 2 Molecular and Cellular Biology portal. ... and membrane association in COS cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. ... Wice BM, Gordon JI (1992). "A strategy for isolation of cDNAs encoding proteins affecting human intestinal epithelial cell ... "Antimyristoylation of the gag proteins in the human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells with N-myristoyl glycinal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-myristoyltransferase_1

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.12.002. PMID 31831356.. ... a type 2 diabetic will have lost about half of their beta cells.[52] Fatty acids in the beta cells activate FOXO1, resulting in ... Type 2 diabetes is due to insufficient insulin production from beta cells in the setting of insulin resistance.[13] Insulin ... In the early stages of insulin resistance, the mass of beta cells expands, increasing the output of insulin to compensate for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes_mellitus

"Integrative and Comparative Biology. 47 (1): 147-163. doi:10.1093/icb/icm016. PMID 21672827.. ... The brain detects insulin in the blood, which indicates that nutrients are being absorbed by cells and a person is getting full ... Schreiber, Elizabeth Anne; Joanna Burger (2001). Biology of Marine Birds. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-9882-7.. ... When the glucose levels of cells drop (glucoprivation), the body starts to produce the feeling of hunger. The body also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eat

"Journal of Molecular Biology. 354 (4): 789-800. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.09.095. PMC 1403828. PMID 16277992.. ... 1156 patients with a mean of 87 CD4 cell counts and mean viral load of 100,000 copies/ml were randomized to one of the two ... Viral resistance to the drug leads to the drug becoming useless since the virus evolves to have cells that are able to resist ... There were higher CD4 cell counts and less viral load in patients assigned to the three-drug group, proving that a three-drug ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indinavir

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 10 (4): 276-86. doi:10.1038/nrm2654. PMID 19305417. MacDonald BT, Tamai K, He X (July ... F9 embryonal carcinoma cells are similar to the P19 cells shown in Figure 1 and normally have cell-to-cell adhesion mediated by ... A tumor cell line with defective δ-catenin, low levels of E-cadherin and poor cell-to-cell adhesion could be restored to normal ... providing the cell with a means of stable cell adhesion. However, decreases in this adhesion ability of the cell has been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin

Cells are homogenised in a blender and filtered to remove debris. *The homogenised sample is placed in an ultracentrifuge and ... Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, Vol. 10, 2006. pp. 430-436.. *Dam, J., Velikovsky, C.A., Mariuzza R.A., et al. ... General method of fractionation: Cell sample is stored in a suspension which is: *Buffered - neutral pH, preventing damage to ... This method is commonly used to separate organelles and membranes found in cells. Organelles generally differ from each other ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugation

Nicholas C. Price, Lewis Stevens (1999). Fundamentals of Enzymology: The Cell and Molecular Biology of Catalytic Proteins ( ... Eric J. Toone (2006). Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology, Protein Evolution (Volume 75 izd.). Wiley- ... Gerhard Michal, Dietmar Schomburg (2012). Biochemical Pathways: An Atlas of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2nd izd.). ... Nebert, D.W. and Gelboin, H.V. (1968). "Substrate-inducible microsomal aryl hydroxylase in mammalian cell culture. I. Assay and ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nespecifična_monooksigenaza

Gurib-Fakim, A.; Sewraj, M.; J., Gueho; Dulloo, E.. «Medicinal Plants of Rodrigues». Pharmaceutical Biology. doi:10.1076/phbi. ... In vitro modulation of oxidative burst via release of reactive oxygen species from immune cells by extracts of selected ... Gurib-Fakim, A.; Gueho, J.; Sewraj-Bissoondoyal, M.. «The Medicinal Plants of Mauritius - Part 1». Pharmaceutical Biology. doi: ... Pharmaceutical Biology. doi:10.1076/phbi.36.3.153.6345. ... Pharmaceutical Biology. doi:10.1076/phbi.37.3.202.6300. ...

https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Αμινά_Γκουρίμπ

Greene received a BA in liberal arts from Amherst College in 1955 and a PhD in biochemistry and cell biology at Rockefeller ... where he is a full professor of cell and molecular biology and head of the Center for Protein Chemistry of Hemocentro de ... After his doctorate, he went to work for 12 years as a tenured researcher in the Department of Biology at Brookhaven National ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Joel_Greene

This short article about biology can be made longer. You can help Wikipedia by adding to it. ... Sertoli cell - Spermatic cord - Testicles (testes) - Urethra - Vasa deferentia ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labium

... and is purchased by QIAGEN in May of the same year Systems biology Bioinformatics Computational genomics Computational biology ... BD Cell Pathways "Ingenuity Systems Announces Immediate Availability Of The Ingenuity Pathways Knowledge Base" (Press release ... The software has been cited in thousands of scientific molecular biology publications and is one of several tools for systems ... "Best of Show: Life Science Software & Informatics". Bio-IT World. June 13, 2007. Retrieved April 7, 2012. "Ingenuity Systems ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QIAGEN_Silicon_Valley

Kimball's biology pages, Cell membranes *↑ Singleton P, (1999). Bacteria in biology, biotechnology and medicine (5th ed.). New ... In all cells, the cell membrane separates the cytoplasm inside the cell from its surroundings. Animal cells are contained in ... The cell membrane is a thin flexible layer around the cells of all living things. It is sometimes called the plasma membrane or ... Molecular cell biology. 4th ed, New York: Scientific American Books. ISBN 0716731363 ...

https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_membrane

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDP-N,N

Cells at Work! Code Black (2018). *Gurazeni: Pa League-hen (2018). *Cells at Work! Baby (2019) ... Bio Hunter (1995). *Birdy the Mighty (1996-1997). *Night Warriors: Darkstalkers' Revenge (1997-1998) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi's_Sweet_Home

Invasins, such as pneumolysin, an antiphagocytic capsule, various adhesins, and immunogenic cell wall components are all major ... and white blood cells to fill the alveoli. This condition is called pneumonia.[20] It is susceptible to clindamycin.[21] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._pneumoniae

"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine. 26 (1): 99-113. doi:10.1007/s10334-012-0353-4. ISSN 0968-5243. ... This tracer is a glucose analog that is taken up by glucose-using cells and phosphorylated by hexokinase (whose mitochondrial ... This means that FDG is trapped in any cell that takes it up until it decays, since phosphorylated sugars, due to their ionic ... Qi, J.; R. Leahy (2006). "Iterative reconstruction techniques in emission computed tomography". Physics in Medicine and Biology ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PET_scan

... epidermal hair cells (trichomes), cells in the stomatal complex; guard cells and subsidiary cells. The epidermal cells are the ... "School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology. Retrieved 12 March 2017.. *. Geneve, Robert. "Leaf" (PDF). PLS 220: ... Cells that bring water and minerals from the roots into the leaf.. Phloem. Cells that usually move sap, with dissolved sucrose( ... Its cells contain many more chloroplasts than the spongy layer. Cylindrical cells, with the chloroplasts close to the walls of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauline

... dendritic cells and other cells including liver cells, fibroblasts, and adrenal gland cells.[93] Viral replication triggers ... Klenk, Hans-Dieter; Feldmann, Heinz (2004). Ebola and Marburg viruses: molecular and cellular biology (Limited preview). ... doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.006. PMC 4243531. PMID 25417101.. *^ a b c d e f g h Kühl A, Pöhlmann S (September 2012). "How Ebola ... liver cells, and several types of immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells are the main targets of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

"Cell. 136 (2): 272-83. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.11.047. PMC 2859625. PMID 19167329.. ... "J. Cell Biol. 161 (4): 715-25. doi:10.1083/jcb.200301043. PMC 2199356. PMID 12756234.. ... the hepatitis C virus envelope protein E1 occurs posttranslationally in a mannosylphosphoryldolichol-deficient CHO mutant cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligosaccharyltransferase

It also contains pacemaker cells and nonpacemaker cells that initiate spontaneous breathing. Research is being conducted on the ... Advances in experimental medicine and biology. 758: 115-22. PMID 23080151. Stafstrom CE. Persistent Sodium Current and Its Role ... It is one of the four cell groups of the Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG). It is hypothesized that the pre-Bötzinger complex is ... which helps cell regenerate its bursts. The ratio between inward and outward currents helps determine the activity of pacemaker ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Bötzinger_complex

BiologyEdit. *Cellular respiration, the process in which nutrients are converted into useful energy in a cell *Anaerobic ... Respiration (physiology), transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and the external environment *Respiratory system ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiration

Cell Press. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101234. Retrieved July 7, 2020.. Cite journal requires ,journal=. (help). ... Biology of amphibians. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-4780-6 ... Experimental approaches to conservation biology. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24024-7 ... bullfrogs are dissected in biology classes. Usually, this is done in grammar school.[32]p85 The dissecting is a method for ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia

Alberts B (2002). Molecular biology of the cell (4. ed.). New York [u.a.]: Garland. ISBN 978-0-8153-4072-0. .. ... Because the cell acquiring a chloroplast already had mitochondria (and peroxisomes, and a cell membrane for secretion), the new ... Biology 8th Edition Campbell & Reece. Benjamin Cummings (Pearson). 2009. p. 516.. *^ a b Kobayashi T, Takahara M, Miyagishima ... and therefore topologically outside of the cell, because to reach the chloroplast from the cytosol, you have to cross the cell ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast_DNA

Indian Society of Cell Biology[19] (1995-present) and the Society of Research in Reproduction, India (1994-present). ... Basu et al (2014) Intestinal cell proliferation and senescence is regulated by receptor guanylyl cyclase C and p21 J. Biol. ... the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology[21] (ASBMB), and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM).[22] ... Additionally, she is a member of Guha Research Council, India (1997-present), the Alliance for Cell Signalling[20] (1997- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandhya_Srikant_Visweswariah

"Biology of Barnacles". Museum Victoria. 1996. Archived from the original on February 17, 2007. Retrieved April 20, 2012.. ... Such barnacles feed by extending thread-like rhizomes of living cells into their hosts' bodies from their points of attachment. ... Leone, Stacy E. (2008). Predator Induced Plasticity in Barnacle Shell Morphology (Master of Arts in Biology thesis). Central ... 1987-06-01). Barnacle Biology. Crustacean Issues. 5. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press / A. A. Balkema. ISBN 978-90-6191-628-4. . ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirripedia

Polymorphonuclear cells also infiltrate the epithelium, and chronic inflammatory cells infiltrate the lamina propria. Atrophic ... Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine. 5 (2): 125-57. doi:10.1177/10454411940050020101. PMID 7858080. Li, X; Lei, L; ... Apart from true hyphae, Candida can also form pseudohyphae - elongated filamentous cells, lined end to end. As a general rule, ... Smears and biopsies are usually stained with periodic acid-Schiff, which stains carbohydrates in fungal cell walls in magenta. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_candidiasis

"Molecular Biology of the Cell. 6 (5): 509-24. doi:10.1091/mbc.6.5.509. PMC 301212 . PMID 7545030.. ... Harrison S, Geppetti P (Jun 2001). "Substance p". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 33 (6): 555-76. doi ... Substance P has been known to stimulate cell growth in normal and cancer cell line cultures,[37] and it was shown that ... American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. 24 (2): 101-7. doi:10.1165/ajrcmb.24.2.4264. PMID 11159042.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P

In mammals, major cell types include skin cells, muscle cells, neurons, blood cells, fibroblasts, stem cells, and others. Cell ... Cells are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology, cellular biology, or cytology ... Cell wall. Further information: Cell wall. Many types of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a cell wall. The cell wall acts ... Main article: Cell division. Cell division involves a single cell (called a mother cell) dividing into two daughter cells. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_%28biology%29

In cell biology or molecular biology labs the emphasis is on working sterile, quickly and reproducibly. So companies have been ... tags: The Nature of Cell Science, cell biology, microscopy, research, science, music, Venetian Snares, SzamÃ¡r MadÃ¡r, field ... tags: Lab Trash, recycle, molecular biology, cell biology, streaming video Ive been telling you about the perils of plastics, ... Scientists are reporting that they have made a living cell from DNA that was originally synthesized in a lab. This isnt quite ...

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Chapter I: Human cells dont grow randomly (aka Gretas academic adventure).. Scientists need to grow cells with structures ... Chapter II: Human cells dont grow alone (aka Gretas NIST experience).. In common practices for counting cells, scientists ... Researchers also often use toxic dyes for labeling live and dead cells. These dyes kill the cells and essentially end the ... Scientists can combine cells and the scaffolds they grow on into structures that can repair or restore damaged or lost tissue ...

https://www.nist.gov/cell-biology

... with a particular emphasis on its cell biology. Areas that are covered include but are not limited to: Cellular immunology, ... Immunology and Cell Biology focuses on the general functioning of the immune system in its broadest sense, ... That Immunology & Cell Biology has an impact factor of 4.557. Top of page Top of page Submitting an article. To read about how ... Immunology & Cell Biology has adopted Springer Natures online submission system, which allows authors to submit papers via the ...

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Cell Biology and Toxicology Wang, X. (Ed) Cell Biology and Toxicology (CBT) is an international journal focused on clinical and ... Cancer Cell International Coppola, D. (Ed) Cancer Cell International publishes articles on all aspects of cancer cell biology, ... Stem Cell Reviews and Reports Ratajczak, M. Z. (Ed) The purpose of Stem Cell Reviews and Reports is to cover contemporary and ... Stem Cell Research & Therapy OBrien, T. (Ed), Tuan, R. S. (Ed) Stem Cell Research & Therapy is the major forum for ...

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... in vivo and in cell culture, which offers insight into the structure and functions of the live cell as a whole. Typically, the ... The journal Cell and Tissue Biology publishes research on animal and plant cells, ... The journal Cell and Tissue Biology publishes research on animal and plant cells, in vivo and in cell culture, which offers ... Cell and Tissue Biology. Editor-in-Chief: Nikolai N. Nikolsky. ISSN: 1990-519X (print version). ISSN: 1990-5203 (electronic ...

http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/cell+biology/journal/11821?hideChart=1

Scott Williams, Ph.D., is Deputy Chief of the Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, head of the Structural Cell ... Deputy Chief, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory and Principal Investigator Tel 984-287-3542 [email protected] ... We focus on understanding the mechanisms through which chemically heterogeneous DNA breaks are recognized and repaired in cells ... The Genome Stability Structural Biology Group links insights into the fundamental principles of molecular recognition and ...

https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/labs/gisbl/pi/genome/index.cfm

... PhDs. The Department of Cell and Developmental Biology has a very ... Developmental and Stem Cell Biology PhD Programme - Supervisors and Research Areas. Prof Jonathan Chubb, LMCB imaging ... Developmental and Stem Cell Biology PhD Programme - How to Apply. Please complete a UCL Graduate Student application form. ... Developmental and Stem Cell Biology PhD Programme - Outline. This programme offers a unique environment with one of the largest ...

https://www.ucl.ac.uk/biosciences/study/phd/cdb

... everything you need for studying or teaching Cell biology. ... Immediately download the Cell biology summary, chapter-by- ... Cell biology Summary. Everything you need to understand or teach Cell biology. ... Cytology Cytology is the branch of biology that studies cells, the building blocks of life. The name for this science is ...

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Albert, R. (2005). Scale-free networks in cell biology. J. Cell Sci., 118 (Pt 21):4947-57.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ... Rodríguez-Caso C., Solé R.V. (2007) Networks in Cell Biology. In: Dubitzky W., Granzow M., Berrar D. (eds) Fundamentals of Data ... Barabasi, A.L. and Oltvai, Z.N. (2004). Network biology: Understanding the cells functional organization. Nat. Rev. Genet., 5( ... In Bonchev, D. and Rouvray, D. H., editors, Complexity in chemistry, biology and ecology. Springer, New York.Google Scholar ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-47509-7_10

... cell biology (sco); Эсийн биологи (mn); cellebiologi (nn); cytologi (nb); sitologiya (az); cell biology (en); علم الأحياء ... Media in category "Cell biology". The following 200 files are in this category, out of 474 total. ... Pages in category "Cell biology". This category contains only the following page. ... biología celular (es); frumulíffræði (is); biologi sel (ms); cell biology (en-gb); Клетъчна биология (bg); biologie celulară ( ...

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biología celular (es); frumulíffræði (is); biologi sel (ms); cell biology (en-gb); Клетъчна биология (bg); Cell biology (simple ... cell biology (sco); Эсийн биологи (mn); cellebiologi (nn); cytologi (nb); sitologiya (az); cell biology (en); علم الأحياء ... File nella categoria "Cell biology". Questa categoria contiene 200 file, indicati di seguito, su un totale di 465. ... Pagine nella categoria "Cell biology". Questa categoria contiene ununica pagina, indicata di seguito. ...

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cell_biology?uselang=it

Cell Biology Group. Anton M. Jetten, Ph.D. Deputy Chief, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory and Principal ... human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. ...

https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/labs/iidl/pi/cell-bio/staff/index.cfm

Cell biology. Definition. Cell biology is the discipline of biological sciences that studies the structure, physiology, growth ... reproduction and death of cells. Research in cell biology uses microscopic and molecular tools and examines all cell types, ... Collective cell migration and metastases induced by an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in Drosophila intestinal tumors ... She is interested in understanding biomechanical regulation of stem cell fate decisions in health and disease. Kates long term ...

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Cell ultrastructure and functions to include: cell walls, mitochondria, chloroplasts, cell membrane, vacuole, nucleus, ... Welcome to the Cell Biology Unit...or as we like to call it, What are we made of? In this unit we take your understanding of ... Cell production by cell culture requires aseptic techniques, an appropriate medium and the control of other factors. ... Animal cells can burst or shrink and plant cells can become turgid or plasmolysed in different solutions. ...

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Detection of fatty acylated proteins, chemical biology leading the way Progress in the study of fatty acylation has been ... Simply put, signal transduction is the movement of a signal from outside to inside the cell. It often results in changes in ... 43*. Berthiaume, Luc G. (2013) "Wnt acylation: Seeing is believing" Nature Chemical Biology Published online 24 November 2013 ... in cultured cells and in vivo using click chemistry: H- and N-Ras as a case study" J. Lipid Res. 51, 1566-1580). (* these ...

https://www.ualberta.ca/cellbiology/people/faculty/luc-berthiaume.html

Embryo biology cell cell biology genetics glycoprotein membrane metabolism molecular biology molecular genetics protein ... We decided that with judicious editing we could present the recent findings in molecular biology within the same cell biology ... Extracellular matrix and cell-matrix interaction are now routine topics in the meetings and annual reviews sponsored by cell ... Research in molecular biology has so advanced the number of known matrix molecules and the topic of gene structure and ...

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Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) differ from embryonic stem cells (ES cells), which form the inner ... iPS cell), immature cell that is generated from an adult (mature) cell and that has regained the capacity to differentiate into ... Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) differ from embryonic stem cells (ES cells), which form the inner cell mass of an ... Alternative Title: iPS cell. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell), immature cell that is generated from an adult (mature) ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/induced-pluripotent-stem-cell

J Cell Biol. 2010 Nov 15;191(4):875-90. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201004154. Epub 2010 Nov 8. Erratum in: J Cell Biol. 2010 Dec 27;191(7 ... with the goal of expanding out understanding of the cell biology underlying retinal dystrophies. We use zebrafish as an animal ... Their retinas have an abundance of both rods and cones, allowing us to study both cell types. Further, we have many tools for ... IAPs regulate the plasticity of cell migration by directly targeting Rac1 for degradation. Oberoi TK, Dogan T, Hocking JC, ...

https://www.ualberta.ca/cellbiology/people/faculty/jennifer-hocking.html

Cell biology of molybdenum.. Mendel RR1, Bittner F.. Author information. 1. Department of Plant Biology, Technical University ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16784786?dopt=Abstract

Single-cell resolution analysis of the human pancreatic ductal progenitor cell niche Mirza Muhammad Fahd Qadir, Silvia Álvarez- ... Cell atlas of aqueous humor outflow pathways in eyes of humans and four model species provides insight into glaucoma ... K6-linked SUMOylation of BAF regulates nuclear integrity and DNA replication in mammalian cells Qiaoyu Lin, Bin Yu, Xiangyang ... Molecular taxonomy of human ocular outflow tissues defined by single-cell transcriptomics - May 21, 2020 ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/by/section/Cell%20Biology?page=5

News for Cell Biology continually updated from thousands of sources on the web : Building better tiny kidneys to test drugs and ... Topix › Cell Biology News Cell Biology News. News on Cell Biology continually updated from thousands of sources around the net. ... Non-invasive perturbations of intracellular flow reveal physical principles of cell organization Monday Feb 5 , Nature Cell ... Regulation of T cell signalling by membrane lipids Monday Feb 12 , Nature Reviews Immunology , ...

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... developed with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) is a creative, inquiry-based ... If you know the author of Cell Biology and Cancer, please help us out by filling out the form below and clicking Send. ... You just viewed Cell Biology and Cancer. Please take a moment to rate this material. ... There are interactive units on the cell cycle, tumor suppressors, proto-oncogenes and their role in the development of cancer. ...

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Cell biologists study these processes and the principles that govern the organization and function of cells within the body. ... Cell biology integrates principles from many disciplines, including chemistry, physics, ... Cells-the basic unit of organization of all life-carry out the fundamental processes necessary for organisms to grow, reproduce ... Cell Biology Cells-the basic unit of organization of all life-carry out the fundamental processes necessary for organisms to ...

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Please note that using mobile devices will not allow the videos to play correctly. To use the videos please use a desktop computer or laptop computer* ...

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Hardware BioCell Habitat BioCell Habitat is a cell culture system capable of supporting complex cell culture experiments. The ... Cell & Molecular Biology Program Hardware. BioCell Habitat. BioCell Habitat is a cell culture system capable of supporting ... including cell biology, microbiology, discovery biology, and drug-testing studies to be conducted on the ISS. Operationally, ... changes in cell cycle, growth and development, and/or genetic abnormality. Applications range from fundamental biology ...

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Looks like you are currently in United States but have requested a page in the Australia site. Would you like to change to the Australia site?. ...

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Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology: Protein Evolution, Volume 75 Eric J. Toone ...

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Essential cell biology. [Bruce Alberts;] -- Cell biology is taught in classrooms around the world to provide students with a ... firm conceptual grounding in biology. This text provides basic, core knowledge about how cells work and uses colour ... ... biology> # Cell Biology a schema:Intangible ;. schema:name "Cell Biology"@en ;. . ... Cell biology is taught in classrooms around the world to provide students with a firm conceptual grounding in biology. This ...

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Cell and developmental biology. The Cell and Developmental Biology Research Group is focused on understanding how cellular and ... Particular attention is given to genetic and epigenetic programming, cell signalling and whole organism biology. This Group has ... and developmental biology, stem cells and regenerative medicine. ... Cell signalling (GH, JL, PW, AW, SW). *Cell-cell recognition in ... Our work addresses problems relating to cell interactions and behaviour of relevance to human health and disease, and food ...

http://www.bath.ac.uk/bio-sci/research/cell-and-developmental-biology/

Cells consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane , which contains many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids . (wikipedia.org)
They are simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells, and lack a nucleus , and other membrane-bound organelles . (wikipedia.org)
Enclosing the cell is the cell envelope - generally consisting of a plasma membrane covered by a cell wall which, for some bacteria, may be further covered by a third layer called a capsule . (wikipedia.org)
Though most prokaryotes have both a cell membrane and a cell wall, there are exceptions such as Mycoplasma (bacteria) and Thermoplasma (archaea) which only possess the cell membrane layer. (wikipedia.org)
The cell membrane consists of lipids and proteins and is selectively permeable . (google.com)
Protein fatty acylation is a very unique protein modification that impacts on virtually every aspect of cellular life including the regulation of membrane targeting, apoptosis, cell proliferation, protein-protein interaction, protein stability and protein secretion. (ualberta.ca)
She has applied her wealth of experience in the cell biology of protein folding and membrane trafficking toward deciphering the mechanisms of prion formation and propagation. (nih.gov)
As with every cell, the ability of the podocyte to receive signals from the surrounding environment and to translate them to the intracellular milieu is dependent largely on molecules residing on the cell membrane. (nih.gov)
In this review, we take a membrane biologist's view of the podocyte, examining the many membrane receptors, channels, and other signaling molecules that have been implicated in podocyte biology. (nih.gov)
Since then, superresolution microscopy techniques, such as STORM and PALM, have become popular methods to study the organization of proteins in the cell membrane. (eurekalert.org)
Surprisingly, many research groups found that virtually all studied proteins form clusters in the cell membrane. (eurekalert.org)
For many important problems in medicine and biology, it is crucial to understand the structure of the cell membrane", says Florian Baumgart from the biophysics-research team led by Professor Gerhard Schütz at TU Wien. (eurekalert.org)
Superresolution microscopy is an ideal tool to study the spatial arrangement of proteins on the cell membrane. (eurekalert.org)
An intermediate level exploration of cell structure and function including membrane structure, intracellular organelles, membrane trafficking, surface receptors and signal transduction, the cytoskeleton, cell motility and communication, and the cell cycle. (upenn.edu)
Although mast cells may be activated by a number of stimuli and pathways [ 11 , 12 ], the major mechanism for their activation and subsequent degranulation is through the high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (Fc ε RI), present in the plasma membrane of mast cells, epidermal Langerhans cells, eosinophils, and basophils [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
For reference, parts of chapters 9 (Microscopy), 12 (Protein transport), 13 (Intracellular membrane transport) and 14 (Mitochondria and Chloroplasts) from the book Molecular Biology of the Cell will be used. (rug.nl)
The cell is a membrane-enclosed body that is the structural and functional unit of living organisms , being the smallest unit that can carry on all life processes, including maintenance, growth, replication, and self-repair. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Cell contents are enclosed by a cell surface membrane , a lipid bilayer within which are floating up to thousands of protein molecules. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Although some few prokaryotic cells use internal membranes as a site of metabolism, prokaryotic cells characteristically lack internal membrane-bound compartments, while eukaryotic cells have a highly specialized endomembrane system, characterized by regulated traffic and transport vesicles. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Thomas Sollner (University of Munich): "The complex organization of eucaryotic cells into various membrane-bound compartments (organelles) requires a very specific targeting of newly synthesized proteins to their final destinations. (the-scientist.com)
They are known principally for their pivotal role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton, but their ability to influence cell polarity, microtubule dynamics, membrane transport pathways and transcription factor activity is probably just as significant. (nih.gov)
[9] Eukaryotic cells include animal, plant, fungi, and protozoa cells which all have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, with various shapes and sizes. (wikipedia.org)
The main constituents of the general molecular composition of the cell includes: proteins and lipids which are either free flowing or membrane bound, along with different internal compartments known as organelles . (wikipedia.org)
Prokaryotic cells are distinguished from eukaryotic cells by the absence of a cell nucleus or other membrane bound organelle. (wikipedia.org)
All chromosomal DNA is stored in the cell nucleus, separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane. (wikipedia.org)

The Department of Cell and Developmental Biology has a very active MPhil/PhD programme. (ucl.ac.uk)
Select 'Division of Biosciences' for the UCL Department you are applying to and 'Research Degree: Cell and Developmental Biology' for Programme Title. (ucl.ac.uk)
This programme offers a unique environment with one of the largest and strongest concentrations of high quality developmental and stem cell biologists anywhere in the world. (ucl.ac.uk)
The programme provides training at the interface between developmental and stem cell biology. (ucl.ac.uk)
The 3 year version is available in laboratories in the Cell and Developmental Biology Department. (ucl.ac.uk)
Among the first to discover that possibility was British developmental biologist John B. Gurdon , who in the late 1950s had shown in frogs that egg cells are able to reprogram differentiated cell nuclei. (britannica.com)
At UC Davis, cell biology majors enjoy access to extensive laboratory resources and research opportunities, meaning you can be at the forefront of exciting new frontiers in research in genetics, disease processes and developmental biology. (ucdavis.edu)
At the upper division level, you will study more advanced topics in organic and physical chemistry and developmental, molecular and cell biology. (ucdavis.edu)
The Cell and Developmental Biology Research Group is focused on understanding how cellular and molecular processes combine to regulate the development and functioning of animals and plants. (bath.ac.uk)
Diverse in vivo and cell culture models are employed to address fundamental questions relevant to crop improvement, human health and ageing (especially neurodegenerative disorders, cancer and diabetes), and developmental biology, stem cells and regenerative medicine. (bath.ac.uk)
The Cell and Developmental Biology Center aims to understand the molecules and the molecular interactions inside cells that build the organelle systems that support basic and specialized functions to control cell fate and behavior. (nih.gov)
This Center also seeks to apply its basic cell and developmental biological research to the understanding and treatment of human diseases. (nih.gov)
Imaging of inter- and intracellular events range from the nanometre scale of molecular and ultrastructural investigations to the millimetre level required for developmental biology. (zeiss.com)
Cell polarity is the simplest form of whole-cell pattern beyond spherical symmetry, from which more complex developmental and multicellular patterns emerge. (jhmi.edu)
Developmental Cell 42. (ucl.ac.uk)
This course is intended for research scientists and PhD students who already have laboratory experience and a good knowledge (equivalent to a Master level) in developmental and cell biology. (pasteur.fr)
Harland is a pioneer in the field of developmental biology whose major contributions to the field include understanding dorsal ventral patterning of the early embryo and the induction and patterning of the neural plate. (berkeley.edu)
Research in cell biology is closely related to genetics , biochemistry , molecular biology , immunology , and developmental biology . (wikipedia.org)
In addition to studying genetics, physiology, microbiology and developmental biology, you'll also gain the technical skills to work with advanced scientific technology. (cwu.edu)

[7] [8] Cell theory , first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann , states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. (wikipedia.org)
The cell is the fundamental unit of all living organisms. (eurekalert.org)
All living organisms, with the exception of viruses (and there is debate whether or not they can be considered living organisms), consist of cells, demonstrating the unity, harmony, and interconnectedness of life. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Robert Hooke was the first person to term the building block of all living organisms as "cells" after looking at cork . (wikipedia.org)
In 1665, Robert Hooke termed the building block of all living organisms as "cells" after looking at a piece of cork and observing a cell-like structure, however, the cells were dead and gave no indication to the actual overall components of a cell. (wikipedia.org)

The study of cells is called cell biology , cellular biology, or cytology. (wikipedia.org)
Cytology Cytology is the branch of biology that studies cells, the building blocks of life. (bookrags.com)
Cell biology (also called cytology , from the Greek κυτος, kytos , "vessel") is a branch of biology that studies the structure and function of the cell , which is the basic unit of life . (wikipedia.org)
Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology studying the structure and function of the cell, also known as the basic unit of life. (wikipedia.org)

These are structures (not present in all prokaryotes) made of proteins that facilitate movement and communication between cells. (wikipedia.org)
In the ultra tiny world of proteins, inside cells, there is little difference between form and function. (scienceblogs.com)
It is estimated that at least 5% of nuclear encoded proteins are either myristoylated or palmitoylated and yet little is known about the biology of protein fatty acylation. (ualberta.ca)
Recent breakthroughs in our laboratory and others have led to major improvements in detection and identification of fatty acylated proteins using chemical biology (e.g. publications 29 and 33 below). (ualberta.ca)
Several proteins have been identified that are capable of inducing or enhancing pluripotency in nonpluripotent (i.e., adult) cells. (britannica.com)
Pluripotency factors can be introduced into nonpluripotent cells in different ways, such as by plasmids or delivery as proteins or modified RNAs . (britannica.com)
These are organized into categories such as "cell cycle proteins," "cell movement," etc. and are annotated with brief descriptions of the experiment and a link to the original publication. (merlot.org)
Fluorescently-labelled intracellular targets can be bleached within a region of interest, followed by imaging in the area to determine kinetic and dynamic properties of proteins and structures in live cells. (zeiss.com)
In recent years, various research groups have investigated how proteins are distributed on cell membranes. (eurekalert.org)
mRNAs are the blueprints that specify the structures of all the proteins made in the cell, and represent "transcribed" copies of the corresponding genetic information encoded in specific segments of the genomic DNA in the cell nucleus. (eurekalert.org)
Thus a complete catalog of the mRNAs in a cell provides a comprehensive view of the proteins that it produces, and tells one what subset of the thousands of genes in the genome are active and how their activity is regulated. (eurekalert.org)
PAR proteins are essential transducers of spatial information between upstream symmetry-breaking cues and downstream pathways that control polarized processes such as cell migration, asymmetric cell division and tissue architecture. (ucl.ac.uk)
Students successfully completing this second year module should develop a conceptual understanding of how the different organelles and proteins contribute to the life cycle & functions of an eukaryotic cell. (bangor.ac.uk)
Topics include electron and fluorescence microscopy of cells/tissues, the use of fluorescent dyes and proteins, special fluorescence approaches such as FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching), FCS (fluorescence correlation spectroscopy) and FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer), superresolution microscopy, atomic force microscopy and optical tweezers. (rug.nl)
We study the proteins and genes responsible for differentiation of and/or long-lived survival of antibody-secreting cells. (seattlechildrens.org)
Identification of the full reprtoires of proteins (full proteomes, including many thousands of proteins) present in samples such as cell lines, tissues or mircoorganisms. (weizmann.ac.il)

In a study funded by a NASA Space Biology grant researchers sent cultures of mouse embryonic stem cells into low earth orbit for 15 days on the STS-131 mission to follow the progress of stem cell differentiation, both while in space and then in culture back in normal gravity on earth. (nasa.gov)
p21 stimulates and regulates cellular differentiation in stem cells. (nasa.gov)
Cell culture imaging can provide information on growth, contamination, cell differentiation and status, and transfection rates. (zeiss.com)
Mast cells, like blood cells, are derived from pluripotent bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells but, unlike blood cells, they leave the bone marrow as progenitors and migrate into virtually all vascularized tissues to complete their differentiation under the influence of factors present at each tissue site. (hindawi.com)
We found that myocilin is expressed in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and affects their differentiation into osteoblasts. (nih.gov)
Our lab is currently focused on (1) identifying optimal conditions for differentiation of engineered human B cells into long-lived antibody-secreting cells, (2) assessing the impact of autophagy on plasma cell survival, and (3) determining the effect that a host immune system will have on engrafted engineered B cells. (seattlechildrens.org)
Steroids and related hormones, including those derived from vitamins A and D3, are often thought to induce cellular differentiation and are frequently associated with an inhibition of cell growth. (the-scientist.com)
Simplistically, cell growth and differentiation are thought of as opposing phenomena, and frequently, a terminally differentiated cell is also a post-mitotic cell. (the-scientist.com)
Cells have to withstand stress from changing environmental conditions, such as temperature, pH, nutrient or oxygen supply, but also during cell differentiation and aging. (uni-due.de)

If you started this programme in 2018, you can find information about 2018 entry on the 2018 Cell Biology page . (st-andrews.ac.uk)

Dr. Korn's laboratory brings the tools of biochemistry and cell biology to focus on three research areas: the role of the actin cytoskeleton in Dictyostelium fruiting body development, the molecular basis of the regulation of actin-activated ATPase activity in myosin II, and the mechanism of association of myosin I with cell membranes. (nih.gov)
Topics to be discussed include the cell surface and membranes, cytoskeletal elements and motility, cytoplasmic organelles and bioenergetics, the interphase nucleus and chromosomes, mitosis, meiosis, and cell cycle regulation. (amherst.edu)
Viruses lack common characteristics of a living cell, such as membranes, cell organelles , and the ability to reproduce by themselves. (wikipedia.org)

Interactions create most behaviors around us: A meeting between two people, file transfers among computers, predator-prey dynamics, cell responses, complex protein formation or DNA-protein binding. (springer.com)
This energy can be used for cellular activities including muscle cell contraction, cell division, protein synthesis and transmission of nerve impulses. (google.com)
Using these methods, we can now easily readily study protein fatty acylation in cells and even i n vivo (33). (ualberta.ca)
Protein transport into the outer segment is influenced by the light:dark cycle, and we propose that formation of outer segment disks is affected by the ability of the cell to respond to light. (ualberta.ca)
The primary research interest of the Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, led by Dr. Lois Greene, is in the formation and breakdown of normal and pathological protein complexes in the cell, with an emphasis on the role of molecular chaperones. (nih.gov)
Space Biology researchers are looking at how the protein p21 can be used to stimulate bone growth. (nasa.gov)
It is well known that during antigen recognition, T cells can create stable protein clusters which are large enough to be seen even with classical fluorescence microscopy. (eurekalert.org)
Tiny nanoscopic protein clusters were considered to be precursors of these larger structures - with great importance for the function of T cells. (eurekalert.org)
neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and prion diseases), often caused by an "infectious" protein that forms aggregates on brain cells and leads to malfunction or progressive loss of neurons. (pasteur.fr)
In animal cells, Taxol disrupts microtubule formation by binding to microtubules and accelerating their assembly from the protein precursor, tubulin. (google.com)
The Department is devoted to cutting-edge research that addresses basic questions in biology, including the control of gene expression, cell fate determination, protein synthesis, the genetics of behavior, control of the cell cycle, and signaling pathways within the cell. (brown.edu)
and to track any and every protein in action within the cell. (i-sis.org.uk)
Antibody secreting plasma cells are dedicated protein-producing machines that are responsible for neutralizing viruses and bacteria, but also can cause disease. (seattlechildrens.org)
One focus of the lab is to leverage this technology to build a cell therapy for protein delivery. (seattlechildrens.org)
First, these cells can produce protein indefinitely. (seattlechildrens.org)
Second, antibody-secreting B cells produce similar quantities of protein as industrial cell lines. (seattlechildrens.org)
This new volume of Methods in Cell Biology looks at micropatterning in cell biology and includes chapters on protein photo-patterning on PEG with benzophenone, laser-directed cell printing and dip pen nanolithography. (elsevier.com)
Specific protein-protein interactions form a major part of the basic organization of living cells. (weizmann.ac.il)

We work with a protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei to better understand their role in the architecture of the cytoskeleton, cell division and cytokinesis. (brookes.ac.uk)

Cell biology is the discipline of biological sciences that studies the structure, physiology, growth, reproduction and death of cells. (nature.com)
Cell biology integrates principles from many disciplines, including chemistry, physics, genetics, biochemistry and physiology, for a more complete understanding of cell function. (ucdavis.edu)
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & CELL BIOLOGY Emphasizes programs with a strong correlation between structure and function. (ucdavis.edu)
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & CELL BIOLOGY We work to advance the knowledge and techniques of cellular and physiological mechanisms of organ function. (ucdavis.edu)
Cell motility is crucial for the development and physiology of diverse cell types and tissues, yet mechanistic insights have come mainly from transformed cell lines moving on 2D surfaces. (jhmi.edu)
[7] Modern day cell biology research looks at different ways to culture and manipulate cells outside of a living body to further research in human anatomy and physiology, to derive treatments and other medications, etc. (wikipedia.org)
The Department of Cell Biology offers graduate training in cell biology and physiology leading to the Ph.D. degree. (gradschools.com)

Stem cells are capable of self-renewal, which means that when they divide, they give rise to themselves, kind of like weeds,' said Douglas Melton, chairman of Harvard University 's department of molecular and cellular biology. (chicagotribune.com)
Cellular biology encompasses a vast field, from the unicellular to complete living systems. (zeiss.com)
Chemistry is the backbone of Cellular Biology so some knowledge of Biochemistry is necessary for the concepts. (wikiversity.org)
Cytoplasm Cellular Biology Cells are the structural units of all living things (with the possible exceptions of viruses and prions). (einet.net)
The research programs of the Core Faculty in CCMB lie fundamentally at the intersection of computer science, evolutionary biology, mathematics, and molecular and cellular biology. (brown.edu)

Corning Incorporated will showcase its life sciences solutions April 14 - April 17 at Chinese Society for Cell Biology 2020 Meeting in Suzhou, China. (corning.com)

he Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology offers a program of study leading to the Ph.D. degree. (gradschools.com)
Honours qualifies a person for normal membership of professional bodies such as Australian Society for Medical Research , Australasian Society for Immunology and The Australian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology . (edu.au)

That the millions of users of nature.com can now sign up for an e-mail copy of the table of contents for the Immunology & Cell Biology issue in which your article is published. (nature.com)
That an academic journal like Immunology & Cell Biology hosted on nature.com has on average over 50,000 page views on their web site per month. (nature.com)
Immunology & Cell Biology has adopted Springer Nature's online submission system, which allows authors to submit papers via the Web. (nature.com)
Many studies involve the Department of Genomes & Genetics , to develop the genomics side, or the Department of Immunology , to study immune response in cells. (pasteur.fr)

Erom these interactions large-scale systems emerge as a mesh of relations: Society, Internet, food webs, organisms, tissues or cells. (springer.com)
Then, four days after fertilization, the totipotent stem cells begin to specialize, forming what is called a blastocyst--a hollow ball of cells whose inner layer holds tissue-specific embryonic stem cells that will go on to form most of the cells, tissues and organs of the body. (chicagotribune.com)
This Center studies how cell behavior guides normal development, including the creation and maintenance of tissues and organs. (nih.gov)
The process of directed cellular movement is of critical importance to human health, as is observed when immune cells seek out infected tissues or metastatic cancer cells invade new organs. (nih.gov)
Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into all the specialized cells needed to grow a whole organism but are also responsible for maintaining the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin, or intestinal tissues. (nasa.gov)
Stem/stromal cell-based therapies are a branch of regenerative medicine and stand as an attractive option to promote the repair of damaged or dysfunctional tissues and organs. (hindawi.com)
The scientists in this research department want to shed light on normal and pathological cell function and the interactions between infectious agents and their hosts (humans), both by unraveling the mechanisms governing them but also by understanding the consequences of these interactions on tissues, organs and the entire organism. (pasteur.fr)
Tissue Types Histology is the branch of biological science concerned with the study of cells and the extracellular matix of animal and plant tissues. (einet.net)
We have extensive experience in all aspects of single cell transcriptomics and continue to generate large amounts of data (see Figure) from a wide variety of mouse and human normal and diseased tissues. (jax.org)
We are also implementing imaging mass cytometry approaches to provide some spatial context to cell-types within tissues. (jax.org)
The course includes modules that emphasise structure and function in the cells of animals, plants, and microbes, in addition to how cells interact as they form tissues and embryos. (st-andrews.ac.uk)

ASCB is an inclusive, international community of biologists studying the cell, the fundamental unit of life. (idealist.org)
They're considered less robust than embryonic stem cells, biologists say, and their immortality has yet to be proved. (chicagotribune.com)
Cell biologists study these processes and the principles that govern the organization and function of cells within the body. (ucdavis.edu)
The Honours program is designed as the first phase in the training of career cell and molecular biologists. (mcgill.ca)
However, with an emphasis on maximizing experimental consistency in a few well-characterized model systems, cell biologists have generally eschewed the variation that motivates most questions in evolutionary biology. (pnas.org)
Cell and Molecular Biology Online, an informational resource for cell and molecular biologists. (einet.net)
We have also developed methods to enable biologists to interact and mine single cell transcriptome data, specifically the CellView app developed by Mohan Bolisetty within the group. (jax.org)

Temporal and time-lapse fluorescence imaging of live cells offers insights into intracellular and molecular dynamics, cell proliferation, cell motility and many other aspects. (zeiss.com)
Olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem/stromal cells have been regarded as a promising tool in regenerative therapies because of their several favorable properties such as multipotency, high proliferation rate, helpful location, and few associated ethical issues. (hindawi.com)
cancers: the aim being to study the biological processes that explain both the normal process of cell division and migration, until the mechanisms behind cancer proliferation, cancers invading cells and their metastasis in the organism are understood. (pasteur.fr)
We discovered that myocilin increased cell proliferation and survival. (nih.gov)
There is a dearth of new ideas that can lift cell biology out of the pervasive molecular malaise that has infected all of the life sciences to varying degrees in this post-genomics era: a proliferation of molecular hardware and data, with no modicum of general understanding on the horizon. (i-sis.org.uk)
Research in cancer cell metabolism focuses on altered cellular metabolism that supports the cancer phenotype characterized by unchecked cellular proliferation, resistance to metabolic and oxidative stress, ability to evade programmed cell death, reduced dependence on growth factor signals, insensitivity to growth inhibitory signals, and resistance to therapeutic intervention. (cancer.gov)

The centrality of cellular features to all aspects of biology motivates the focus of cell biology on the biophysical/biochemical aspects of a broad swath of traits that include gene expression, metabolism, intracellular transport and communication, cell-cell interactions, locomotion, and growth. (pnas.org)
Mitochondria change their morphology and distribution depending on the metabolism and functional state of a cell. (hindawi.com)
Cell biology encompasses both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can be divided into many sub-topics which may include the study of cell metabolism, cell communication, cell cycle, biochemistry, and cell composition. (wikipedia.org)

Even among biomedical researchers there is a lack of consistency in common terms to describe what stem cells are and how they behave in the research laboratory. (chicagotribune.com)
Back in 1981, researchers reported that they could grow mouse embryonic stem cells in the laboratory, but it took nearly 20 years before scientists could grow human embryonic stem cells. (chicagotribune.com)
The Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphodynamics, led by Dr. Clare Waterman, has made pioneering discoveries into the complex and dynamic mechanical interactions between organelle systems within cells that are required for directed movement. (nih.gov)
The Laboratory of Cell Biology is led by Dr. Edward Korn, who has been studying the function and regulation of the actomyosin system in its diverse forms since he discovered the first unconventional non-filamentous myosin, myosin I (containing only a single heavy chain), in the single-cell soil protozoan Acanthamoeba castellanii , approximately forty years ago. (nih.gov)
The Single Cell Biology Laboratory (SCBL) develops and offers single cell capabilities to JAX faculty and, through a Single Cell Genomics Center agreement, University of Connecticut faculty. (jax.org)
Read a description of the Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology . (nih.gov)
Sidney Frank Hall of Life Sciences is a five-story, 169,000-square-foot glass and brick structure devoted to the study of human biology and the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine that houses laboratories of faculty drawn from five basic science departments of the Brown Medical School, and two cutting edge research centers. (brown.edu)
The laboratory of Cell Biology studies the dynamics of cellular organization in relation to cell growth, cell division and the organization of cell walls. (wur.nl)
Researchers from the laboratory of Cell Biology publish in Cell in collaboration with groups in Dresden en Amsterdam. (wur.nl)
1 MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Cell Biology Unit, Cancer Research UK Oncogene and Signal Transduction Group, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. (nih.gov)

If cells in the process of dividing are subjected to colchicine, a drug that interferes with the formation of the spindle apparatus, at which stage will mitosis be arrested? (google.com)
Where do the microtubules of the spindle originate during mitosis in both plant and animal cells? (google.com)
A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. (google.com)
Reproduction by cell division (binary fission, mitosis or meiosis ). (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Our lab studies the mechanisms underlying formation of an outer segment during development and its ongoing maintenance in the adult, with the goal of expanding out understanding of the cell biology underlying retinal dystrophies. (ualberta.ca)
Hence, in order to understand essential biological processes and the perturbations that give rise to disease, one must first dissect the functions of cells and the mechanisms that regulate them. (eurekalert.org)
This research often coincides with studies on cell senescence and the mechanisms of aging. (pasteur.fr)
The basic cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the production and function of blood cells. (nih.gov)
The Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology program focuses on understanding the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the production and function of blood cells in health and disease. (nih.gov)
Major areas of interest include the basic mechanisms involved in regulating the production and terminal development of blood cells, referred to as hematopoiesis. (nih.gov)
Besides the roles in pathological conditions, the biological functions of mast cells include roles in innate immunity, involvement in host defense mechanisms against parasites, immunomodulation of the immune system, tissue repair, and angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
With a focus on the regulation of cell polarity, identity and signaling we are studying plant germline development and function, fertilization mechanisms and early seed development. (uni-regensburg.de)
Eukaryotic cells have evolved to use distinct cellular compartments, known as organelles, which maintain homeostatic mechanisms to ensure their distinct functionalities and overall cellular homeostasis. (uni-due.de)
Research in cancer cell biology seeks to define the biological basis for the differences between normal cells and cancer cells and to elucidate basic mechanisms that drive the development and behavior of tumors. (cancer.gov)
Emerging areas relevant to this research include understanding the molecular link between body homeostasis and cancer cell biology, including obesity, the role of circadian rhythm in cancer biology, and molecular mechanisms that lead to cancer cachexia. (cancer.gov)

The purpose of Stem Cell Reviews and Reports is to cover contemporary and emerging areas in stem cell research and regenerative medicine. (springer.com)
Stem Cell Research & Therapy is the major forum for translational research into stem cell therapies. (springer.com)
She is interested in understanding biomechanical regulation of stem cell fate decisions in health and disease. (nature.com)
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell) , immature cell that is generated from an adult (mature) cell and that has regained the capacity to differentiate into any type of cell in the body. (britannica.com)
Citing the flood of stories in the media about the anticipated benefits and ethical quandaries posed by stem cell research, the National Institutes of Health complained in a recent report that 'the terminology used to describe stem cells in the lay literature is often confusing or misapplied. (chicagotribune.com)
The fertilized egg is considered a totipotent stem cell. (chicagotribune.com)
But the adult stem cell story is based mostly on hope. (chicagotribune.com)
In stem cell research, an early-stage embryo is killed when the pluripotent stem cells are extracted, although in cellular terms, they just keep dividing. (chicagotribune.com)
Nevertheless, we can't pretend that scientists who do stem cell research are in no way complicit in the destruction of embryos,' said University of Pennsylvania ethicist Glenn McGee. (chicagotribune.com)
the essential characteristic of a stem cell that distinguishes it from ordinary cells. (nasa.gov)
Previous research conducted by Space Biology investigators revealed that the stem cell mechanism that controls bone growth is weakened in microgravity. (nasa.gov)
and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the development of techniques for establishing stable hematopoietic chimeras in order to treat heritable blood diseases. (nih.gov)
Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Transcriptional Regulator FUBP1 Is Essential for Fetal and Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal. (tu-braunschweig.de)
We are interested in investigating the potential neuroprotective benefits of stem cell transplantation, which has produced encouraging results in different models of CNS degeneration. (nih.gov)
On March 23, during the 41st Annual Meeting & Exhibition of the American Association for Dental Research (AADR), held in conjunction with the 36th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research, a symposium titled "TMJ: Stem Cell Biology and Engineering toward Clinical Translation" will provide a rare forum for multidisciplinary discussion of the biology, engineering and clinical translation of fundamental discoveries towards novel clinical therapy. (redorbit.com)

Cells-the basic unit of organization of all life-carry out the fundamental processes necessary for organisms to grow, reproduce and negotiate their environments. (ucdavis.edu)
Applications range from fundamental biology investigations to commercial drug discovery efforts. (nasa.gov)
Presents an introduction to the fundamental concepts of cell biology. (worldcat.org)
Movement of and within cells is fundamental to life, whether in development of an organism, defense against infection, repair after injury, or in pathologies such as cancer and heart disease. (nih.gov)
However, Cell Biology is fundamental to all of biology, and can serve as a reasonable starting point for students exploring the field. (wikiversity.org)
You might want to write a lesson about how the regulation of cell survival is a fundamental process that helps control the number of cells in a tissue. (wikiversity.org)
For example, scRNA-seq is a fundamental prerequisite for the success of the effort to assemble a Human Cell Atlas - one of the most ambitious international projects in genomics since the initial sequencing of the human genome. (eurekalert.org)
Mechanistic understanding of this biology and these fundamental processes is critical for identifying molecular targets for therapeutic or preventive intervention. (cancer.gov)
Molecular and Cell Biology is the study of fundamental processes that form the basis of biological life and the techniques used to study these processes. (cwu.edu)
Knowing the components of cells and how cells work is fundamental to all biological sciences while also being essential for research in biomedical fields such as cancer, and other diseases. (wikipedia.org)

Gurdon used a technique known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), in which the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred into the cytoplasm of an enucleated egg (an egg that has had its nucleus removed). (britannica.com)
Here, we have found that Klotho is enriched in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and Klotho overexpression attenuates H 2 O 2 -induced acute inflammation essentially via suppressing Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). (hindawi.com)
Measurements of the amount of DNA per nucleus were taken on a large number of cells from a growing fungus. (google.com)
In which stage of the cell cycle did the nucleus contain 6 picograms of DNA? (google.com)
The Cell Nucleus Structure/function correlations The cell nucleus is a remarkable organelle because it forms the package for our genes and their controlling factors. (einet.net)
[10] Prokaryotic cells, lacking an enclosed nucleus, include bacteria and archaea . (wikipedia.org)
Cells are of two types: eukaryotic, which contain a nucleus, and prokaryotic, which do not. (wikipedia.org)
Most important among these is a cell nucleus, an organelle that houses the cell's DNA. (wikipedia.org)

With those stimuli, the molecules in the liquid crystal coating aligned in whatever direction Greta wanted, creating surface patterns that particles or biological cells could adhere to and grow on. (nist.gov)
The importance of diffusion in cells as the movement of molecules along a concentration gradient. (google.com)
Research in molecular biology has so advanced the number of known matrix molecules and the topic of gene structure and regulation that we won- dered how best to incorporate the new material. (springer.com)
However, light can react with intracellular molecules or fluorophores to produce free radicals, and long-term imaging of cells may result in phototoxicity. (zeiss.com)
In particular, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) permits one to determine the levels of RNA molecules - the gene copies - that are expressed in a given cell, and several versions of the methodology have been described in recent years. (eurekalert.org)
The purpose of scRNA-seq is to identify the relative amounts of the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules present in the cells of interest. (eurekalert.org)
The functioning of a cell depends upon its ability to extract and use chemical energy stored in organic molecules. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
however, most of the processes within the cell are made up of a mixture of small organic molecules, inorganic ions, hormones, and water. (wikipedia.org)
[12] These molecules within the cell, which operate as substrates, provide a suitable environment for the cell to carry out metabolic reactions and signalling. (wikipedia.org)

Chemistry concepts necessary for understanding biological processes are introduced, as well as the structure and function of cell components. (studiesabroad.com)
biology, chemistry, biotechnology engineering and mass spectrometry. (weizmann.ac.il)
The information is presented at a level that requires students to integrate information from their other biology, chemistry, and biochemistry courses. (umich.edu)

With its acclaimed author team, cutting-edge content, emphasis on medical relevance, and coverage based on landmark experiments, Molecular Cell Biology has justly earned an impeccable reputation as an authoritative and exciting text. (indiebound.org)
Their results appear in the leading journal Molecular Cell . (eurekalert.org)
Our Molecular Cell Biology course focuses on providing a molecular understanding of life. (york.ac.uk)
This course is ideal if you want an interdisciplinary approach to Molecular Cell Biology. (york.ac.uk)
Various microscopy approaches used in current molecular cell biology research will be discussed. (rug.nl)
A thorough understanding of molecular cell biology research will be obtained, focusing on mitochondria and the secretory pathway. (rug.nl)
Examples of molecular cell biology research will be discussed from a molecular to cellular level using in vitro and in vivo approaches in yeast and mammalian model systems. (rug.nl)
Molecular & Cell Biology incorporates the Comparative Genomics Centre and is one of the most research-active departments at James Cook University. (edu.au)
An active seminar program that brings distinguished scientists from Australia and overseas to JCU is another unique feature of Molecular & Cell Biology, and the Honours and graduate students benefit immensely from this activity. (edu.au)
Molecular & Cell Biology has a very strong commitment to research and the students who have completed Honours have had no difficulty in finding employment or Ph.D. positions at JCU or other campuses. (edu.au)
Candidature for honours in Molecular & Cell Biology requires successful completion of a full major in Molecular & Cell Biology with grades of at least a credit average. (edu.au)

Laboratories for Molecular Medicine (LMM) houses the other half of MCB labs along with the Genomics Core Facility, Structural Biology Core Facility, & the Transgenic Mouse Facility. (brown.edu)

[3] Organisms can be classified as unicellular (consisting of a single cell such as bacteria ) or multicellular (including plants and animals ). (wikipedia.org)
The cell wall consists of peptidoglycan in bacteria, and acts as an additional barrier against exterior forces. (wikipedia.org)
Did you know there are about 10 trillion human cells in our body, and another 90 trillion bacteria cells on and in your body! (google.com)
using examples from typical plant , animal , fungi and bacteria cells. (google.com)
Offered as BIOL 291 and BCBP 291) An analysis of the structure and function of cells in plants, animals, and bacteria. (amherst.edu)
Also includes information about human cells, viruses, bacteria, and crystals as well as tips on cell imaging and research. (einet.net)
In the case of eukaryotic cells - which are made up of animal, plant, fungi, and protozoa cells - the shapes are generally round and spherical or oval [10] while for prokaryotic cells - which are composed of bacteria and archaea - the shapes are: spherical ( cocci ), rods ( bacillus ), curved ( vibrio ), and spirals ( spirochetes ) . (wikipedia.org)
Bacteria can be classed as either gram positive or gram negative depending on the cell wall composition. (wikipedia.org)

The Major and Liberal programs offer decreasing levels of specialization in Anatomy and Cell Biology but with a broader base in other biological sciences. (mcgill.ca)
These programs also form a sound background for graduate studies in Anatomy and Cell Biology, or for further professional training. (mcgill.ca)
in Anatomy and Cell Biology provides an excellent preparation for technical and administrative positions in laboratories of universities, research institutions, hospitals, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological industries. (mcgill.ca)
Inquiries about programs should be directed to the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology. (mcgill.ca)

This module takes students on a journey through the eukaryotic cell. (bangor.ac.uk)
Demonstrate a conceptual understanding of how the different organelles and compartments form a living eukaryotic cell. (bangor.ac.uk)
With spatial and temporal activation of multiple switches factored in, it is not surprising to find Rho GTPases having such a prominent role in eukaryotic cell biology. (nih.gov)

Scientists can combine cells and the scaffolds they grow on into structures that can repair or restore damaged or lost tissue or organs in patients. (nist.gov)
The journal Cell and Tissue Biology publishes research on animal and plant cells, in vivo and in cell culture, which offers insight into the structure and functions of the live cell as a whole. (springer.com)
The only known sources of pluripotent stem cells are those isolated and cultured from early human embryos and from fetal tissue that was destined to be part of the gonads. (chicagotribune.com)
This incubator supports a wide diversity of tissue, cell, and microbiological cultures and experiment methods to meet any spaceflight research experiment goals and objectives, including cell biology, microbiology, discovery biology, and drug-testing studies to be conducted on the ISS. (nasa.gov)
These results may provide important clues to the basis for the inhibition of tissue regeneration in space and explain why bone and muscle cell numbers are reduced after long exposures to microgravity. (nasa.gov)
An emerging line of research in our lab is to study the motility of cells of well-defined tissue origins in mechanical and geometrical environments that mimic physiological conditions. (jhmi.edu)
We isolate primary cells from genetically modified animals and then apply high-resolution biophysical techniques to observe and parameterize their motility in vitro in engineered environments that provide tissue-mimetic tests of environmental inputs. (jhmi.edu)
The symposium is co-sponsored by the Craniofacial Biology, Mineralized Tissue and Neuroscience Scientific Research Groups of the International Association for Dental Research. (redorbit.com)
A new drug can lure stem cells to damaged tissue and locations, improving treatment efficacy. (flipboard.com)
This was ultimately concluded by plant scientist, Matthias Schleiden and animal scientist, Theodor Schwann in 1838, who viewed live cells in plant and animal tissue, respectively. (wikipedia.org)

Researchers who work with stem cells have ambitious goals. (nist.gov)
Researchers also often use toxic dyes for labeling live and dead cells. (nist.gov)
Researchers at NIST have devised a way to eliminate a long-standing problem affecting our understanding of both living cells and batteries. (nist.gov)
Since the initial development of iPS cells, researchers have been working to improve the techniques and to learn what drives pluripotent stem cells to differentiate in particular ways. (britannica.com)
The Bio-Chip Space-Lab provides an accessible platform that enables academic and industry researchers to perform long-term automated cell culturing experiments with live-cell imaging in the unique microgravity environment onboard the International Space Station. (nasa.gov)
Cell and Molecular Space Biology Researchers conduct experiments that help develop an understanding of the ways cells (or parts of cells) function and respond to spaceflight. (nasa.gov)
Researchers from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU) in Munich have now carried out a comprehensive comparison of methodologies that quantify RNAs of single cells. (eurekalert.org)
International Journal of Cell Biology maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study. (hindawi.com)
Cell Signalling Biology provides researchers teachers and students alike with an outstanding online resource describing the biology of cell signalling. (portlandpress.com)

WetLab-2 will enable traditional uses of quantitative PCR, such as measuring gene transcription or rapid detection of gene targets that indicate infectious disease, cell stress, changes in cell cycle, growth and development, and/or genetic abnormality. (nasa.gov)
One of the questions that may be answered from this work is whether mice missing the p21 gene will induce stem cells to reproduce in microgravity aboard the ISS. (nasa.gov)
Furthermore, aberrant patterns of gene activity point to disturbances in gene expression and cell function, and reveal the presence of specific pathologies. (eurekalert.org)
It aims to provide no less than a complete inventory of all the cell types and subtypes in the human body at all stages of development from embryo to adult on the basis of their patterns of gene activity. (eurekalert.org)
Our recent work has demonstrated dramatic ways in which aneuploidy alters gene expression and cell behavior. (jhmi.edu)
CellView is a web application that allows easy and intuitive exploration of gene expression to validate clustering, describe heterogeneity, and identify and discover new cell types in complex single cell transcriptome data sets. (jax.org)
One of the current grand challenges in biology is bridging the gap between detailed gene/interaction lists and phenotypic, systems-level behaviors of biological networks. (ucl.ac.uk)
Historically, gene delivery to B cells has been challenging. (seattlechildrens.org)
We recently developed an efficient method for gene delivery to primary human B cells. (seattlechildrens.org)
Jun-Fos and receptors for vitamins A and D recognize a common response element in the human osteocalcin gene," Cell, 61:497-504, 1990. (the-scientist.com)
This finding "uncovers the physical parameters that affect gene activation, thus pushing forward our understanding of how genes are regulated in time and space," according to NYU Biology Professor Christine Rushlow. (berkeley.edu)

Prokaryotic cells were the first form of life on Earth, characterized by having vital biological processes including cell signaling . (wikipedia.org)
Glomerular endothelial cells (E) lining the capillary lumen (CL) and mesangial cells (M) are located on the blood side of the GBM, whereas podocyte foot processes (FP) cover the outer part of the GBM. (nih.gov)
Podocyte cell bodies (CB) and major processes (MP) float in Bowman's space (BS) in primary urine. (nih.gov)
The key goals are to develop a mechanistic understanding of general evolutionary processes, while specifically infusing cell biology with an evolutionary perspective. (pnas.org)
The full development of this interdisciplinary field has the potential to solve numerous problems in diverse areas of biology, including the degree to which selection, effectively neutral processes, historical contingencies, and/or constraints at the chemical and biophysical levels dictate patterns of variation for intracellular features. (pnas.org)
This paper presents evidence that lipid rafts or raft components modulate many of the biological processes in mast cells, such as degranulation and endocytosis, play a role in mast cell development and recruitment, and contribute to the overall preservation of mast cell structure and organization. (hindawi.com)
Mast cells are effector cells of allergic and anaphylactic reactions and play a role in many physiological and pathological processes [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Combine knowledge and understanding of individual cellular processes to explain normal cell function. (bangor.ac.uk)
The BSc (Hons) in Cell Biology involves advanced study of the molecular structures and biochemical processes essential to cell function. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
A cell is the basic unit of life, being the smallest unit of life that can carry on all life processes (see life ). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
[1] Cell biology is concerned with the physiological properties, metabolic processes, signaling pathways , life cycle , chemical composition and interactions of the cell with their environment. (wikipedia.org)
Putative TMJ stem/progenitor cells are subjected to local, hormonal and other systemic factors in homeostasis in multiple processes that warrant better elucidation. (redorbit.com)

Five years ago, scientists created a single-celled synthetic organism that, with only 473 genes, was the simplest living cell ever known. (nist.gov)
grow transformed cells to produce a GM organism . (google.com)
Particular attention is given to genetic and epigenetic programming, cell signalling and whole organism biology. (bath.ac.uk)
A functional consequence of cell polarity in the unicellular organism, the budding yeast, is asymmetric segregation of aging determinants such that cell division generates a young cell with renewed replicative potential from an aged mother cell. (jhmi.edu)
E) Binary fission would not allow the organism to have complex cells. (google.com)
all vital functions of an organism occur within cells, and cells contain the hereditary information necessary for regulating cell functions and for transmitting information to the next generation of cells. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Simply put, signal transduction is the movement of a signal from outside to inside the cell. (ualberta.ca)
Rho GTPases are molecular switches that control a wide variety of signal transduction pathways in all eukaryotic cells. (nih.gov)

Cell biology focuses more on the study of eukaryotic cells, and their signalling pathways, rather than on prokaryotes which is covered under microbiology . (wikipedia.org)
The study of eukaryotic cells is typically the main focus of cytologists, whereas prokaryotic cells are the focus of microbiologists. (wikipedia.org)

Here, we analyzed the mitochondria and selected structures in female germ-line cysts in a representative of clitellate annelids - the white worm Enchytraeus albidus in which each germ cell has one cytoplasmic bridge that connects it to a common cytoplasmic mass. (hindawi.com)
Targeting Mitochondria-Located circRNA SCAR Alleviates NASH via Reducing mROS Output" References: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)31000-X. (brandeis.edu)

Our studies examine DNA function and structure, cellular and molecular changes, phenotypic changes to organisms, as well as the ability of eukaryotic cells to generate and maintain their complex internal cyto-architecture integral to the regulation of both growth and form. (nasa.gov)
Research in this area focuses on altered cell cycle regulation and its contribution to oncogenic transformation and tumor maintenance. (cancer.gov)

Cells are being used in drug discovery, therapeutics development, biomedical research, and biotechnological and medical applications. (nist.gov)
Originally used to prove the existence of biological cells, the microscope has long been recognized for its important role in biological research. (nist.gov)
Cell Research is published in partnership with the Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). (springer.com)
The main objective of the journal is to provide a competent representation and integration of research made on cells (animal and plant cells, both in vivo and in cell culture) offering insight into the structure and functions of live cells as a whole. (springer.com)
NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
Research in cell biology uses microscopic and molecular tools and examines all cell types, from unicellular organisms such as protozoa to the specialised cells that consitutute multicellular organisms. (nature.com)
Many years of research efforts studying the implications of myristoylation in cancer and apoptosis have led to the discovery that blood cancer cells are extremely vulnerable to myristoylation inhibitors. (ualberta.ca)
The strong research focus of the major gives you the chance to become familiar with modern experimental biology, and you will be encouraged to work with faculty on independent research products to enhance your classroom studies. (ucdavis.edu)
The Bioculture System is a space biological science incubator designed to conduct cell and microbiology research on the ISS. (nasa.gov)
As life scientists, the study of cells and live-cell imaging are intrinsic to your research. (zeiss.com)
Depending on your research interests, cells may derive from an immortalized cell line, primary cells, stem cells or ex vivo tumour cells for cancer cell imaging. (zeiss.com)
Research in a selected topic in molecular biology, cell biology and biochemistry. (bu.edu)
Our research focuses on T cells, which can recognize antigens and therefore play an important role in our immune system. (eurekalert.org)
Because all evolutionary change ultimately requires modifications at the cellular level, questioning and understanding how cellular features arise and diversify should be a central research venue in evolutionary biology. (pnas.org)
International Journal of Cell Biology publishes original research articles as well as review articles in all areas of cell biology. (hindawi.com)
The goal of our research is to understand how eukaryotic cells polarize, divide, move, and vary their genomes to adapt to the changing environment. (jhmi.edu)
Shedding light on the intricate workings of microbes and cells is the focus of research conducted in the Department of Cell Biology & Infection. (pasteur.fr)
Research into all these biological phenomena in cells requires state-of-the-art microscopy and high-level human expertise to analyze the findings. (pasteur.fr)
in vitro models to study diseases, particularly microfluidic cell and organ culture models with the Center for Innovation & Technological Research (Citech) . (pasteur.fr)
Bioreactor expands health research NASA device gives a new dimension to cell science Dec. 18, 1997 Dec. 28, 1997 update: Added hi-res JPG images suitable for printing. (einet.net)
The pancreatic Islet Cell Biology Core is located on the 12 floor (12-169 to 12-171) of the Smilow Center for Translation Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104. (upenn.edu)
The School of Biology conducts world-class, innovative multidisciplinary research, and in the UK Research Excellence Framework 2014 , Biology was ranked second in the UK based on the impact of its research. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
Research in our department employs a range of cross-disciplinary approaches, including state of the art optical tools for confocal and electron microscopy, physical technologies such as X-ray diffraction, and innovative techniques in molecular biology. (brown.edu)
I met Ling for the first time at the prestigious Gordon Research Conference on Interfacial Water in Cell Biology in Mount Holyoke (Bradley, Massachusetts, USA) in June 2004. (i-sis.org.uk)
One of two research centers in the US creating libraries of signatures that describe how cells respond to perturbation, it uses the ISA-TAB standard to describe its data. (dcc.ac.uk)
The center provides advanced instrumentation and expertise for live cell imaging, food sciences and materials research. (wur.nl)
it is also essential for research in bio-medical fields such as cancer , and other diseases. (wikipedia.org)
The graduate program in the Department of Biology provides students with the training they need to excel in academic or biomedical research careers. (gradschools.com)
The Molecular Biology Program at MU cultivates the use of molecular biology in 24 academic areas of basic research. (gradschools.com)
Research in this area is supported and directed by the Cancer Cell Biology Branch (CCBB) . (cancer.gov)
Research funded in the area of organelle biology investigates the dysregulation of organelle biology in driving or supporting the cancer phenotype. (cancer.gov)
These have allowed for and are currently being used for discoveries and research pertaining to how cells function, ultimately giving insight into understanding larger organisms. (wikipedia.org)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) differ from embryonic stem cells (ES cells), which form the inner cell mass of an embryo but also are pluripotent, eventually giving rise to all the cell types that make up the body. (britannica.com)
When scientists talk about embryonic stem cells, these are the ones they mean, and these are the ones they want to study. (chicagotribune.com)

Therefore, live-cell imaging often requires the multi-dimensional capabilities of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). (zeiss.com)
Using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM), we prepared three-dimensional ultrastructural reconstructions of the entire selected compartments of a cyst at the advanced stage of oogenesis, i.e. the nurse cell, cytophore, and cytoplasmic bridges of all 16 cells (15 nurse cells and oocyte). (hindawi.com)
Bio-Formats reads proprietary microscopy image data and metadata, and converts them to OME-TIFF, a combination of TIFF and OME-XML . (dcc.ac.uk)
Advancement in microscopic techniques and technology such as fluorescence microscopy , phase-contrast microscopy , dark field microscopy , confocal microscopy , cytometry , transmission electron microscopy , etc. have allowed scientists to get a better idea of the structure of cells. (wikipedia.org)
[3] Electron microscopy gives a much higher resolution showing greatly detailed cell structure. (wikipedia.org)
The study of cells is performed using several techniques such as cell culture, various types of microscopy, and cell fractionation. (wikipedia.org)
Due to advancements in microscopy, techniques and technology have allowed for scientists to hold a better understanding of the structure and function of cells. (wikipedia.org)
Fluorescence microscopy: Fluorescent markers such as GFP, are used to label a specific component of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Transmission electron microscopy: Involves metal staining and the passing of electrons through the cells, which will be deflected upon interaction with metal. (wikipedia.org)

There are interactive units on the cell cycle, tumor suppressors, proto-oncogenes and their role in the development of cancer. (merlot.org)
E) the S phase of the cell cycle. (google.com)
Cell cycle dysregulation is a hallmark of cancer, and cell cycle components have been aggressively targeted in chemotherapeutic strategies. (cancer.gov)
and the elucidation of nutrient-sensing cell cycle checkpoints. (cancer.gov)

Quicktime videos of time-lapse microscopic views of cells from publications in the "Journal Of Cell Biology. (merlot.org)
Maintaining a healthy and stable cell culture requires daily microscopic examination, which should be quick and easy in order to prevent environmental stress and minimise the risk of contamination, as well as to keep your work load low. (zeiss.com)
This is done both on a microscopic and molecular level as it encompasses prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells . (wikipedia.org)

A repository for viewing and analysing multi-dimensional image data associated with articles published in The Journal of Cell Biology. (dcc.ac.uk)

Welcome to the Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry (MCB), which is the largest on-campus department in the Division of Biology and Medicine. (brown.edu)

Our ongoing work attempts to explain how molecular components of distinct functional modules interact in time and space to establish cell polarity that is robust to noise but sensitive to physiological inputs. (jhmi.edu)
Parameter-space topology of models for cell polarity. (ucl.ac.uk)

Although these two lines of inquiry lie respectively within the traditional provenance of cell biology and evolutionary biology, a comprehensive synthesis of evolutionary and cell-biological thinking is lacking. (pnas.org)

Oppositely, expression of mutated myocilin sensitizes cells to apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. (nih.gov)

We are currently investigating how aneuploidy affects the epigenetic state of cells and which cellular pathways may be particularly sensitive to modification by an unbalanced chromosome dosage. (jhmi.edu)

The specialization of cells in multicellular organisms to form many different organs and bodily systems all integrated into a harmonious, hierarchically arrayed collective, with each component of equal value and essential to the function of the whole, demonstrates a principle and pattern of organization that provides an analogue for systems of higher order, like ecosystems, families, and nations. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
There are many and varied opportunities for students pursuing a degree with the Molecular and Cell Biology specialization. (cwu.edu)

This information can take the form of images, fluorescent signals, cell location, motility and interaction. (zeiss.com)
We are intrigued about how cells generate patterns through self-organization in response to environmental signals, accomplish division or motility through coordinated structural rearrangements and force production, and, when challenged with hostile environments or genetic perturbations, evolve innovative solutions to maintain vitality and functionality. (jhmi.edu)
Flagella are essential for motility in many cells and in parasites such as Trypanosomes they are essential for pathogenicity. (brookes.ac.uk)

The upcoming BioScience-4 mission will be the first study to investigate the division of nervous system stem cells in spaceflight. (nasa.gov)

Prokaryotes also lack most of the intracellular organelles and structures that are characteristic of eukaryotic cells. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Plant Cell Reports publishes original, peer-reviewed articles on new advances in all aspects of plant cell science, plant genetics and molecular biology. (springer.com)

Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells, making prokaryotic cells the smallest form of life. (wikipedia.org)

Cancer Cell International publishes articles on all aspects of cancer cell biology, originating largely from, but not limited to, work using cell culture techniques. (springer.com)
Cell Biology and Cancer developed with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) is a creative, inquiry-based instruction program, designed to promote active learning and stimulate student interest in medical topics. (merlot.org)
You just viewed Cell Biology and Cancer . (merlot.org)
If you know the author of Cell Biology and Cancer , please help us out by filling out the form below and clicking Send. (merlot.org)
When p21 is knocked out in mice, this regulatory function is suppressed, which leads to unregulated cell growth, the development of tumors, and cancer. (nasa.gov)
In the case of cancer cells this can, for example, lead to a better understanding of drug resistance to develop novel therapies. (zeiss.com)
CLSM has proved useful in cell biology and particularly useful in studying cancer cells, with this technique being used to reveal the structure of telomeres and the underlying mechanism to how they shorten with age. (zeiss.com)
Our ultimate goals are to identify context-dependent design principles in the cytoskeletal machine that drives cell movement and to use this insight to develop cancer-specific therapies against tumor spreading and metastasis. (jhmi.edu)
notably the p53 system that is so often mutated in cancer cells. (jhmi.edu)
My favorite class at Berkeley so far has been MCB 132: The Biology of Human Cancer, taught by Profesors Bilder, Luo and He. (berkeley.edu)
Cancer cell response to cellular and environmental stresses determines whether and how a cell dies or adapts to the stress in order to survive. (cancer.gov)
Studies that connect organelle structure and morphology to the phenotypic state or function of cancer cells are of high interest. (cancer.gov)

Scientists are reporting that they have made a living cell from DNA that was originally synthesized in a lab. (scienceblogs.com)
Scientists need to grow cells with structures like the frames (or scaffolds) that you might see around buildings under construction. (nist.gov)
In common practices for counting cells, scientists examine samples of cells that float freely and unattached in a liquid, unlike in reality, where they come together into a 3D structure and shape. (nist.gov)
Bone marrow stem cells are the most studied by scientists and have been saving patients from deadly diseases for a long time. (chicagotribune.com)
Scientists have struggled to decide whether viruses are alive or not and whether they are in agreement with the cell theory. (wikipedia.org)

Nonetheless, retroviral delivery remains highly effective, and technical advances to prevent the integration of retroviral material into the nuclear genome have allowed for the generation of iPS cells via ectopic expression (in the cytoplasm) of retrovirus-delivered transcription factors. (britannica.com)
It provides an intensive overview of the fundamentals, state-of-the-art advances, and major gaps in the cell and molecular biology of drug addiction within the broader context of neuroscience. (worldcat.org)
Advances in laser optics and multi-photon techniques are producing ever brighter and sharper pictures of cells, even live ones. (i-sis.org.uk)

Human stem cells, like those of other mammals, come in three main types: totipotent, pluripotent and multipotent, each representing a stage of development. (chicagotribune.com)
This is the main page for the Cell Biology course, in the Department of Cell Biology . (wikiversity.org)

The cells of eukaryotes (left) and prokaryotes (right). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
MCDB 428 is designed to provide students with a comprehensive overview of the biology of eukaryotes at the cellular and molecular level. (umich.edu)

If there are 20 centromeres in a cell at anaphase, how many chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis? (google.com)
Which of the following are primarily responsible for cytokinesis in plant cells but not in animal cells? (google.com)

Hence, an important feature of iPS cells is that their generation does not require an embryo, the use of which is fraught with ethical issues. (britannica.com)
Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of five cell divisions would produce an early embryo with how many cells? (google.com)

Two types of cells will be studied in this experiment: neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, which are derived from neural stem cells. (nasa.gov)
Recently, stem/progenitor cells have been identified in TMJ disc and condyle, with potential origin from neural crest cells in development. (redorbit.com)

An exception is the ribosomes , which are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

The high-content interrogation of single cells with platforms optimized for the multiparameter characterization of cells in liquid and solid biopsy samples can. (nist.gov)
Cytometry: The cells are placed in the machine which uses a beam to scatter the cells based on different aspects and can therefore separate them based on size and content. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy38

Organisms17

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs29

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment51

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes68

Disciplines and Occupations29

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture12

Humanities5

Information Science15

Named Groups1

Health Care4

How cells (might) sense microgravity. (1/414)

Mapping the literature of cytotechnology. (2/414)

Antibodies and sperm survival in the female tract of the mouse and rabbit. (3/414)

A new miniature hydrostatic pressure chamber for microscopy. Strain-free optical glass windows facilitate phase-contrast and polarized-light microscopy of living cells. Optional fixture permits simultaneous control of pressure and temperature. (4/414)

Prototype Web-based continuing medical education using FlashPix images. (5/414)

A brief history of the Japan Society for Cell Biology. (6/414)

Myocardial lysis in acute rheumatic fever followed by regeneration of cardiac muscle and origin of Aschoff bodies. (7/414)

Papanicolaou tests diagnosed as atypical by a cytotechnologist and downgraded to benign by a pathologist: a measure of laboratory quality. (8/414)

Cell Biology

Biology

Systems Biology

Molecular Biology

Developmental Biology

Cells

Computational Biology

Synthetic Biology

Stem Cells

Models, Biological

Societies, Scientific

Cell Physiological Phenomena

History, 21st Century

Signal Transduction

History, 20th Century

Cell Differentiation

Cell Physiological Processes

Cytological Techniques

Regenerative Medicine

Planarians

Neoplasms

Gene Expression Profiling

Adult Stem Cells

Cell Lineage

Biochemistry

Regeneration

Cell Proliferation

Embryonic Stem Cells

Stem Cell Transplantation

Genomics

Cell Culture Techniques

Stem Cell Research

Neoplastic Stem Cells

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Awards and Prizes

Cells, Cultured

Allergy and Immunology

Organelles

Research

Molecular Sequence Data

Proteomics

Gene Expression Regulation

Proteins

Phenotype

Microscopy

Neurobiology

Pluripotent Stem Cells

Software

Gene Regulatory Networks

Green Fluorescent Proteins

Cell Movement

Bioengineering

Microfluidic Analytical Techniques

Protein Transport

Cell Line

Stem Cell Niche

Tissue Engineering

Audiovisual Aids

Mutation

Cytoskeleton

Cleome

Embryology

Proteome

Biological Evolution

Biotechnology

Students

Disease

Bioartificial Organs

Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

Nanotechnology

Epithelial Cells

History, 19th Century

Genetic Engineering

Nuclear Reprogramming

Mammals

Serial Publications

Cell Division

Computer Simulation

Cell Dedifferentiation

Metabolic Networks and Pathways