Cell adhesion molecules. Medical search

Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include the assembly and interconnection of various vertebrate systems, as well as maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, morphogenic movements, cellular migrations, and metastasis.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

Cell adhesion molecule involved in a diverse range of contact-mediated interactions among neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and myotubes. It is widely but transiently expressed in many tissues early in embryogenesis. Four main isoforms exist, including CD56; (ANTIGENS, CD56); but there are many other variants resulting from alternative splicing and post-translational modifications. (From Pigott & Power, The Adhesion Molecule FactsBook, 1993, pp115-119)

Surface ligands that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion and function in the assembly and interconnection of the vertebrate nervous system. These molecules promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism. These are not to be confused with NEURAL CELL ADHESION MOLECULES, now known to be expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types in addition to nervous tissue.

Cytokine-induced cell adhesion molecule present on activated endothelial cells, tissue macrophages, dendritic cells, bone marrow fibroblasts, myoblasts, and myotubes. It is important for the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. (From Pigott & Power, The Adhesion Molecule FactsBook, 1993, p154)

A member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of neuronal cell adhesion molecules that is required for proper nervous system development. Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 consists of six Ig domains, five fibronectin domains, a transmembrane region and an intracellular domain. Two splicing variants are known: a neuronal form that contains a four-amino acid RSLE sequence in the cytoplasmic domain, and a non-neuronal form that lacks the RSLE sequence. Mutations in the L1 gene result in L1 disease. Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 is predominantly expressed during development in neurons and Schwann cells; involved in cell adhesion, neuronal migration, axonal growth and pathfinding, and myelination.

A cell-surface ligand involved in leukocyte adhesion and inflammation. Its production is induced by gamma-interferon and it is required for neutrophil migration into inflamed tissue.

Cell adhesion molecule expressed on activated leukocytes, fibroblasts, and neurons. It is a ligand for CD6. ALCAM-CD6 interactions may play a role in the binding of T and B cells to activated leukocytes.

Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that mediates neutrophil, monocyte, and memory T-cell adhesion to cytokine-activated endothelial cells. E-selectin recognizes sialylated carbohydrate groups related to the Lewis X or Lewis A family.

A member of the S-100 protein family that is present at high levels in the blood and interstitial fluid in several infectious, inflammatory, and malignant disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cystic fibrosis. It is a complex of a light chain (CALGRANULIN A) and a heavy chain (CALGRANULIN B). L1 binds calcium through an EF-hand motif, and has been shown to possess antimicrobial activity.

Calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They are important in the formation of ADHERENS JUNCTIONS between cells. Cadherins are classified by their distinct immunological and tissue specificities, either by letters (E- for epithelial, N- for neural, and P- for placental cadherins) or by numbers (cadherin-12 or N-cadherin 2 for brain-cadherin). Cadherins promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism as in the construction of tissues and of the whole animal body.

A family of transmembrane glycoproteins (MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS) consisting of noncovalent heterodimers. They interact with a wide variety of ligands including EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS; COMPLEMENT, and other cells, while their intracellular domains interact with the CYTOSKELETON. The integrins consist of at least three identified families: the cytoadhesin receptors(RECEPTORS, CYTOADHESIN), the leukocyte adhesion receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION), and the VERY LATE ANTIGEN RECEPTORS. Each family contains a common beta-subunit (INTEGRIN BETA CHAINS) combined with one or more distinct alpha-subunits (INTEGRIN ALPHA CHAINS). These receptors participate in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion in many physiologically important processes, including embryological development; HEMOSTASIS; THROMBOSIS; WOUND HEALING; immune and nonimmune defense mechanisms; and oncogenic transformation.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

Cell adhesion molecules present on virtually all monocytes, platelets, and granulocytes. CD31 is highly expressed on endothelial cells and concentrated at the junctions between them.

A group of naturally occurring N-and O-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. They are ubiquitously distributed in many tissues.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Cell adhesion molecules that mediate neuron-neuron adhesion and neuron-astrocyte adhesion. They are expressed on neurons and Schwann cells, but not astrocytes and are involved in neuronal migration, neurite fasciculation, and outgrowth. Ng-CAM is immunologically and structurally distinct from NCAM.

An anchoring junction of the cell to a non-cellular substrate. It is composed of a specialized area of the plasma membrane where bundles of the ACTIN CYTOSKELETON terminate and attach to the transmembrane linkers, INTEGRINS, which in turn attach through their extracellular domains to EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS.

Pathological processes consisting of the union of the opposing surfaces of a wound.

Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that mediates the adhesion of neutrophils and monocytes to activated platelets and endothelial cells.

Integrin alpha4beta1 is a FIBRONECTIN and VCAM-1 receptor present on LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; EOSINOPHILS; NK CELLS and thymocytes. It is involved in both cell-cell and cell- EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX adhesion and plays a role in INFLAMMATION, hematopoietic cell homing and immune function, and has been implicated in skeletal MYOGENESIS; NEURAL CREST migration and proliferation, lymphocyte maturation and morphogenesis of the PLACENTA and HEART.

The phenomenon by which dissociated cells intermixed in vitro tend to group themselves with cells of their own type.

A cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS and is involved in INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS.

An integrin heterodimer widely expressed on cells of hematopoietic origin. CD11A ANTIGEN comprises the alpha chain and the CD18 antigen (ANTIGENS, CD18) the beta chain. Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 is a major receptor of T-CELLS; B-CELLS; and GRANULOCYTES. It mediates the leukocyte adhesion reactions underlying cytolytic conjugate formation, helper T-cell interactions, and antibody-dependent killing by NATURAL KILLER CELLS and granulocytes. Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 has been defined as a ligand for lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A contactin subtype that plays a role in axon outgrowth, axon fasciculation, and neuronal migration.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Cell surface glycoproteins on lymphocytes and other leukocytes that mediate adhesion to specialized blood vessels called high endothelial venules. Several different classes of lymphocyte homing receptors have been identified, and they appear to target different surface molecules (addressins) on high endothelial venules in different tissues. The adhesion plays a crucial role in the trafficking of lymphocytes.

Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A family of immunoglobulin-related cell adhesion molecules that are involved in NERVOUS SYSTEM patterning.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.

Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that is localized to FOCAL ADHESIONS and is a central component of integrin-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. Focal adhesion kinase 1 interacts with PAXILLIN and undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION in response to adhesion of cell surface integrins to the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. Phosphorylated p125FAK protein binds to a variety of SH2 DOMAIN and SH3 DOMAIN containing proteins and helps regulate CELL ADHESION and CELL MIGRATION.

A family of non-receptor, PROLINE-rich protein-tyrosine kinases.

Cell-surface glycoprotein beta-chains that are non-covalently linked to specific alpha-chains of the CD11 family of leukocyte-adhesion molecules (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION). A defect in the gene encoding CD18 causes LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION DEFICIENCY SYNDROME.

A family of membrane glycoproteins localized to TIGHT JUNCTIONS that contain two extracellular Ig-like domains, a single transmembrane segment, and a cytoplasmic tail of variable length.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

Any of several ways in which living cells of an organism communicate with one another, whether by direct contact between cells or by means of chemical signals carried by neurotransmitter substances, hormones, and cyclic AMP.

Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that serves as a homing receptor for lymphocytes to lymph node high endothelial venules.

Venous vessels in the umbilical cord. They carry oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the mother to the FETUS via the PLACENTA. In humans, there is normally one umbilical vein.

Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.

Integrin beta-1 chains which are expressed as heterodimers that are noncovalently associated with specific alpha-chains of the CD49 family (CD49a-f). CD29 is expressed on resting and activated leukocytes and is a marker for all of the very late activation antigens on cells. (from: Barclay et al., The Leukocyte Antigen FactsBook, 1993, p164)

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

An integrin alpha subunit that is unique in that it does not contain an I domain, and its proteolytic cleavage site is near the middle of the extracellular portion of the polypeptide rather than close to the membrane as in other integrin alpha subunits.

In tissue culture, hairlike projections of neurons stimulated by growth factors and other molecules. These projections may go on to form a branched tree of dendrites or a single axon or they may be reabsorbed at a later stage of development. "Neurite" may refer to any filamentous or pointed outgrowth of an embryonal or tissue-culture neural cell.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Conjugated proteins in which mucopolysaccharides are combined with proteins. The mucopolysaccharide moiety is the predominant group with the protein making up only a small percentage of the total weight.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

Transmembrane proteins consisting of a lectin-like domain, an epidermal growth factor-like domain, and a variable number of domains that are homologous to complement regulatory proteins. They are important cell adhesion molecules which help LEUKOCYTES attach to VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM.

Large, noncollagenous glycoprotein with antigenic properties. It is localized in the basement membrane lamina lucida and functions to bind epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Evidence suggests that the protein plays a role in tumor invasion.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Members of the integrin family appearing late after T-cell activation. They are a family of proteins initially identified at the surface of stimulated T-cells, but now identified on a variety of cell types. At least six VLA antigens have been identified as heterodimeric adhesion receptors consisting of a single common beta-subunit and different alpha-subunits.

Direct contact of a cell with a neighboring cell. Most such junctions are too small to be resolved by light microscopy, but they can be visualized by conventional or freeze-fracture electron microscopy, both of which show that the interacting CELL MEMBRANE and often the underlying CYTOPLASM and the intervening EXTRACELLULAR SPACE are highly specialized in these regions. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p792)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A group of enzymes with the general formula CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:acceptor N-acetylneuraminyl transferase. They catalyze the transfer of N-acetylneuraminic acid from CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid to an acceptor, which is usually the terminal sugar residue of an oligosaccharide, a glycoprotein, or a glycolipid. EC 2.4.99.-.

Major constituent of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They form a flexible framework for the cell, provide attachment points for organelles and formed bodies, and make communication between parts of the cell possible.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Movement of tethered, spherical LEUKOCYTES along the endothelial surface of the microvasculature. The tethering and rolling involves interaction with SELECTINS and other adhesion molecules in both the ENDOTHELIUM and leukocyte. The rolling leukocyte then becomes activated by CHEMOKINES, flattens out, and firmly adheres to the endothelial surface in preparation for transmigration through the interendothelial cell junction. (From Abbas, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 3rd ed)

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A family of membrane-associated proteins responsible for the attachment of the cytoskeleton. Erythrocyte-related isoforms of ankyrin attach the SPECTRIN cytoskeleton to a transmembrane protein (ANION EXCHANGE PROTEIN 1, ERYTHROCYTE) in the erythrocyte plasma membrane. Brain-related isoforms of ankyrin also exist.

Acidic sulfated integral membrane glycoproteins expressed in several alternatively spliced and variable glycosylated forms on a wide variety of cell types including mature T-cells, B-cells, medullary thymocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, erythrocytes, and fibroblasts. CD44 antigens are the principle cell surface receptors for hyaluronate and this interaction mediates binding of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)

A catenin that binds F-ACTIN and links the CYTOSKELETON with BETA CATENIN and GAMMA CATENIN.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

An adhesion-promoting leukocyte surface membrane heterodimer. The alpha subunit consists of the CD11b ANTIGEN and the beta subunit the CD18 ANTIGEN. The antigen, which is an integrin, functions both as a receptor for complement 3 and in cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesive interactions.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Hexameric extracellular matrix glycoprotein transiently expressed in many developing organs and often re-expressed in tumors. It is present in the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as in smooth muscle and tendons. (From Kreis & Vale, Guidebook to the Extracellular Matrix and Adhesion Proteins, 1993, p93)

Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ).

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Glycoproteins with a wide distribution on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells and strongly expressed on macrophages. CD58 mediates cell adhesion by binding to CD2; (ANTIGENS, CD2); and this enhances antigen-specific T-cell activation.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR), lymph vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, LYMPHATIC), and the serous cavities of the body.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Paxillin is a signal transducing adaptor protein that localizes to FOCAL ADHESIONS via its four LIM domains. It undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION in response to integrin-mediated CELL ADHESION, and interacts with a variety of proteins including VINCULIN; FOCAL ADHESION KINASE; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(C-SRC); and PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN C-CRK.

A complex blood group system having pairs of alternate antigens and amorphic genes, but also subject to a dominant independently segregating repressor.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

The movement of leukocytes in response to a chemical concentration gradient or to products formed in an immunologic reaction.

Antigens expressed primarily on the membranes of living cells during sequential stages of maturation and differentiation. As immunologic markers they have high organ and tissue specificity and are useful as probes in studies of normal cell development as well as neoplastic transformation.

A technique of culturing mixed cell types in vitro to allow their synergistic or antagonistic interactions, such as on CELL DIFFERENTIATION or APOPTOSIS. Coculture can be of different types of cells, tissues, or organs from normal or disease states.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Integrin beta chains combine with integrin alpha chains to form heterodimeric cell surface receptors. Integrins have traditionally been classified into functional groups based on the identity of one of three beta chains present in the heterodimer. The beta chain is necessary and sufficient for integrin-dependent signaling. Its short cytoplasmic tail contains sequences critical for inside-out signaling.

Desmoplakins are cytoskeletal linker proteins that anchor INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS to the PLASMA MEMBRANE at DESMOSOMES.

Family of proteins associated with the capacity of LEUKOCYTES to adhere to each other and to certain substrata, e.g., the C3bi component of complement. Members of this family are the LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1; (LFA-1), the MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN; (Mac-1), and the INTEGRIN ALPHAXBETA2 or p150,95 leukocyte adhesion protein. They all share a common beta-subunit which is the CD18 antigen. All three of the above antigens are absent in inherited LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION DEFICIENCY SYNDROME, which is characterized by recurrent bacterial infections, impaired pus formation, and wound healing as well as abnormalities in a wide spectrum of adherence-dependent functions of granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphoid cells.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Specific cell surface receptors which bind to FIBRONECTINS. Studies have shown that these receptors function in certain types of adhesive contact as well as playing a major role in matrix assembly. These receptors include the traditional fibronectin receptor, also called INTEGRIN ALPHA5BETA1 and several other integrins.

CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.

Anchoring points where the CYTOSKELETON of neighboring cells are connected to each other. They are composed of specialized areas of the plasma membrane where bundles of the ACTIN CYTOSKELETON attach to the membrane through the transmembrane linkers, CADHERINS, which in turn attach through their extracellular domains to cadherins in the neighboring cell membranes. In sheets of cells, they form into adhesion belts (zonula adherens) that go all the way around a cell.

Endothelial cells that line venous vessels of the UMBILICAL CORD.

Bulbous enlargement of the growing tip of nerve axons and dendrites. They are crucial to neuronal development because of their pathfinding ability and their role in synaptogenesis.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

A multi-functional catenin that participates in CELL ADHESION and nuclear signaling. Beta catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to the ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It also serves as a transcriptional co-activator and downstream component of WNT PROTEIN-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS.

Proteins obtained from species of BIRDS.

A group of three different alpha chains (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c) that are associated with an invariant CD18 beta chain (ANTIGENS, CD18). The three resulting leukocyte-adhesion molecules (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION) are LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1; MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN; and ANTIGEN, P150,95.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Receptors such as INTEGRIN ALPHAVBETA3 that bind VITRONECTIN with high affinity and play a role in cell migration. They also bind FIBRINOGEN; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR; osteopontin; and THROMBOSPONDINS.

A cytoskeletal protein associated with cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The amino acid sequence of human vinculin has been determined. The protein consists of 1066 amino acid residues and its gene has been assigned to chromosome 10.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Specialized areas at the CELL MEMBRANE where a cell attaches to the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX or other substratum.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

Protein kinases that catalyze the PHOSPHORYLATION of TYROSINE residues in proteins with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A subclass of lipid-linked proteins that contain a GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL LINKAGE which holds them to the CELL MEMBRANE.

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

The process whereby PLATELETS adhere to something other than platelets, e.g., COLLAGEN; BASEMENT MEMBRANE; MICROFIBRILS; or other "foreign" surfaces.

Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.

The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Serologic tests in which a positive reaction manifested by visible CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION occurs when a soluble ANTIGEN reacts with its precipitins, i.e., ANTIBODIES that can form a precipitate.

A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Antibodies that inhibit the reaction between ANTIGEN and other antibodies or sensitized T-LYMPHOCYTES (e.g., antibodies of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN G class that compete with IGE antibodies for antigen, thereby blocking an allergic response). Blocking antibodies that bind tumors and prevent destruction of tumor cells by CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES have also been called enhancing antibodies. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)

A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. It is produced by LEUKOCYTES of both monocyte and lymphocyte lineage and by FIBROBLASTS during tissue injury. It has specificity for CCR2 RECEPTORS.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

A type of junction that attaches one cell to its neighbor. One of a number of differentiated regions which occur, for example, where the cytoplasmic membranes of adjacent epithelial cells are closely apposed. It consists of a circular region of each membrane together with associated intracellular microfilaments and an intercellular material which may include, for example, mucopolysaccharides. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (AUTACOIDS) and related exogenous compounds including the synthetic prostaglandins (PROSTAGLANDINS, SYNTHETIC).

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A multi-functional catenin that is highly homologous to BETA CATENIN. Gamma catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It is also found in DESMOSOMES where it mediates the link between DESMOSOMAL CADHERINS and DESMOPLAKIN.

A cultured line of C3H mouse FIBROBLASTS that do not adhere to one another and do not express CADHERINS.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Orientation of intracellular structures especially with respect to the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. Polarized cells must direct proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the appropriate domain since tight junctions prevent proteins from diffusing between the two domains.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Expression of trophinin, tastin, and bystin by trophoblast and endometrial cells in human placenta. (1/9582)

Trophinin, tastin, and bystin comprise a complex mediating a unique homophilic cell adhesion between trophoblast and endometrial epithelial cells at their respective apical cell surfaces. In this study, we prepared mouse monoclonal antibodies specific to each of these molecules. The expression of these molecules in the human placenta was examined immunohistochemically using the antibodies. In placenta from the 6th week of pregnancy, trophinin and bystin were found in the cytoplasm of the syncytiotrophoblast in the chorionic villi, and in endometrial decidual cells at the utero placental interface. Tastin was exclusively present on the apical side of the syncytiotrophoblast. Tissue sections were also examined by in situ hybridization using RNA probes specific to each of these molecules. This analysis showed that trophoblast and endometrial epithelial cells at the utero placental interface express trophinin, tastin, and bystin. In wk 10 placenta, trophinin and bystin were found in the intravillous cytotrophoblast, while tastin was not found in the villi. After wk 10, levels of all three proteins decreased and then disappeared from placental villi. (+info)

Mycophenolate mofetil prevents the progressive renal failure induced by 5/6 renal ablation in rats. (2/9582)

BACKGROUND: Extensive renal ablation is associated with progressive sclerosis of the remnant kidney. Because lymphocytes and monocytes accumulate in the remnant kidney, it is likely that they play a role in the renal scarring. Therefore, we treated rats with 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a drug that has an antiproliferative effect and that suppresses the expression of intercellular adhesion molecules. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats with 5/6Nx received MMF (30 mg. kg-1. day-1 by daily gastric gavage, N = 15) or vehicle (N = 16). Ten additional rats were sham operated. All rats were fed a 30% protein diet. Body weight, serum creatinine, and urinary protein excretion were determined weekly. Lipid peroxidation, as a measure of oxidative stress observed by urinary malondialdehyde determinations, was performed every two weeks. Histologic studies were done in the remnant kidney four weeks (9 rats from the vehicle-treated group, 7 rats from the MMF group, and 5 sham-operated rats) and eight weeks after surgery (the remaining rats). Glomerular volume, sclerosis in glomeruli (segmental and global) and interstitium (semiquantitative scale), infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages (CD43- and ED1-positive cells), and expression of adhesion molecules (CD54, CD18, and CD11b) were analyzed. RESULTS: MMF treatment prevented the progressive increment in serum creatinine and the proteinuria observed in the 5/6 nephrectomized rats during the eight weeks of observation (P < 0.01). Weight gain was comparable in the MMF-treated and sham-operated rats, whereas weight gain was decreased in untreated 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Excretion of malondialdehyde increased after surgery but returned sooner to control levels in the MMF-treated rats. Increments in glomerular size and mean arterial blood pressure induced by renal ablation were not modified by MMF treatment. Eight weeks after surgery, segmental sclerosis was present in 48.4 +/- 8.35% (+/- sd) glomeruli in the vehicle-treated group versus 25 +/- 10.5% in the MMF-treated group (P < 0.001). Interstitial fibrosis was reduced significantly with MMF treatment (P < 0.001). Infiltration with CD43- and ED1-positive cells in glomeruli and interstitium was two to five times lower in MMF-treated rats (P < 0.01). Expression of adhesion molecules CD18 and CD11b was similarly reduced. CONCLUSION: MMF ameliorates the progressive renal damage in the remnant kidney after 5/6Nx. This effect is associated with a reduction in the infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes, whereas glomerular hypertrophy and systemic hypertension are unchanged. (+info)

A cell-surface superoxide dismutase is a binding protein for peroxinectin, a cell-adhesive peroxidase in crayfish. (3/9582)

Peroxinectin, a cell-adhesive peroxidase (homologous to human myeloperoxidase), from the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus, was shown by immuno-fluorescence to bind to the surface of crayfish blood cells (haemocytes). In order to identify a cell surface receptor for peroxinectin, labelled peroxinectin was incubated with a blot of haemocyte membrane proteins. It was found to specifically bind two bands of 230 and 90 kDa; this binding was decreased in the presence of unlabelled peroxinectin. Purified 230/90 kDa complex also bound peroxinectin in the same assay. In addition, the 230 kDa band binds the crayfish beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein. The 230 kDa band could be reduced to 90 kDa, thus showing that the 230 kDa is a multimer of 90 kDa units. The peroxinectin-binding protein was cloned from a haemocyte cDNA library, using immuno-screening or polymerase chain reaction based on partial amino acid sequence of the purified protein. It has a signal sequence, a domain homologous to CuZn-containing superoxide dismutases, and a basic, proline-rich, C-terminal tail, but no membrane-spanning segment. In accordance, the 90 and 230 kDa bands had superoxide dismutase activity. Immuno-fluorescence of non-permeabilized haemocytes with affinity-purified antibodies confirmed that the crayfish CuZn-superoxide dismutase is localized at the cell surface; it could be released from the membrane with high salt. It was thus concluded that the peroxinectin-binding protein is an extracellular SOD (EC-SOD) and a peripheral membrane protein, presumably kept at the cell surface via ionic interaction with its C-terminal region. This interaction with a peroxidase seems to be a novel function for an SOD. The binding of the cell surface SOD to the cell-adhesive/opsonic peroxinectin may mediate, or regulate, cell adhesion and phagocytosis; it may also be important for efficient localized production of microbicidal substances. (+info)

Interaction of lipopolysaccharide with human small intestinal lamina propria fibroblasts favors neutrophil migration and peripheral blood mononuclear cell adhesion by the production of proinflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules. (4/9582)

Fibroblasts are important effector cells having a potential role in augmenting the inflammatory responses in various diseases. In infantile diarrhea caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), the mechanism of inflammatory reactions at the mucosal site remains unknown. Although the potential involvement of fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of cryptococcus-induced diarrhea in pigs has been suggested, the precise role of lamina propria fibroblasts in the cellular pathogenesis of intestinal infection and inflammation caused by EPEC requires elucidation. Earlier we reported the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell proliferation, and collagen synthesis and downregulation of nitric oxide in lamina propria fibroblasts. In this report, we present the profile of cytokines and adhesion molecules in the cultured and characterized human small intestinal lamina propria fibroblasts in relation to neutrophil migration and adhesion in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from EPEC 055:B5. Upon interaction with LPS (1-10 micrograms/ml), lamina propria fibroblasts produced a high level of proinflammatory mediators, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and cell adhesion molecules (CAM) such as intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM), A-CAM, N-CAM and vitronectin in a time-dependent manner. LPS induced cell-associated IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, and IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha as soluble form in the supernatant. Apart from ICAM, vitronectin, A-CAM, and N-CAM proteins were strongly induced in lamina propria fibroblasts by LPS. Adhesion of PBMC to LPS-treated lamina propria fibroblasts was ICAM-dependent. LPS-induced ICAM expression in lamina propria fibroblasts was modulated by whole blood, PBMC and neutrophils. Conditioned medium of LPS-treated lamina propria fibroblasts remarkably enhanced the neutrophil migration. The migration of neutrophils was inhibited by anti-IL-8 antibody. Co-culture of fibroblasts with neutrophils using polycarbonate membrane filters exhibited time-dependent migration of neutrophils. These findings indicate that the coordinate production of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in lamina propria fibroblasts which do not classically belong to the immune system can influence the local inflammatory reactions at the intestinal mucosal site during bacterial infections and can influence the immune cell population residing in the lamina propria. (+info)

CD28 ligation induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2 but not Fak in Jurkat T cells. (5/9582)

Protein tyrosine kinases are critical for the function of CD28 in T cells. We examined whether the tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and Fak (members of the focal adhesion kinase family) are involved in CD28 signaling. We found that ligating CD28 in Jurkat T cells rapidly increases the tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2 but not of Fak. Paxillin, a substrate for Pyk2 and Fak, was not tyrosine-phosphorylated after CD28 ligation. CD28-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2 was markedly reduced in the absence of external Ca2+. Previous studies have shown that the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2. In this report, the concurrent ligation of CD28 and TCR increased tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2; however, the extent of phosphorylation by both receptors was equivalent to the sum of that induced by each receptor alone. The Syk/Zap inhibitor piceatannol blocked CD28, and TCR induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2, suggesting that Syk/Zap is involved in Pyk2 phosphorylation. In contrast, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin blocked TCR- but not CD28-induced phosphorylation of Pyk2, suggesting that CD28 and TCR activate distinct pathways to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2. Notably, depleting phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-sensitive protein kinase C did not block CD28- and CD3-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2. These data provide evidence for the involvement of Pyk2 in the CD28 signaling cascade and suggest that neither Fak nor paxillin is involved in the signaling pathways of CD28. (+info)

Similarities and differences in RANTES- and (AOP)-RANTES-triggered signals: implications for chemotaxis. (6/9582)

Chemokines are a family of proinflammatory cytokines that attract and activate specific types of leukocytes. Chemokines mediate their effects via interaction with seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Using CCR5-transfected HEK-293 cells, we show that both the CCR5 ligand, RANTES, as well as its derivative, aminooxypentane (AOP)- RANTES, trigger immediate responses such as Ca2+ influx, receptor dimerization, tyrosine phosphorylation, and Galphai as well as JAK/STAT association to the receptor. In contrast to RANTES, (AOP)-RANTES is unable to trigger late responses, as measured by the association of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) to the chemokine receptor complex, impaired cell polarization required for migration, or chemotaxis. The results are discussed in the context of the dissociation of the late signals, provoked by the chemokines required for cell migration, from early signals. (+info)

Expression of intercellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 in human endometrium: regulation by interferon-gamma. (7/9582)

The purpose of this study was to localize intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and ICAM-2 in human endometrium and myometrium throughout the menstrual cycle, and to determine whether the expression of these molecules is regulated by interferon (IFN)-gamma. ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 distribution was examined in endometrial biopsies by immunocytochemistry, and Northern blotting was used to quantify ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 mRNA expression in isolated endometrial glands. Stromal fibroblast cultures were exposed to IFN-gamma and the effect on expression of ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 was determined by immunocytochemistry and Northern blotting. ICAM-1 was localized in vivo to the apical surface of the glandular epithelium, the vascular endothelium and endometrial stromal cells throughout the menstrual cycle. Stromal expression of ICAM-1 was up-regulated in menstrual specimens. Northern blotting confirmed the presence of ICAM-1 mRNA in isolated endometrial glands. The expression of ICAM-1 antigen and message was increased in stromal cell culture after incubation with IFN-gamma in a time-dependent manner, suggesting that this cytokine stimulates the expression of ICAM-1 in the endometrial stroma. ICAM-2 antigen expression was restricted to the vascular endothelium. ICAM-2 mRNA was absent in endometrial glands. The widespread distribution of ICAM-1 in human endometrium suggests that this molecule is involved in the process of menstruation, the functioning of glands, blood vessels and stroma, and in regulating leukocyte trafficking into the tissue. ICAM-2 is restricted to the vascular endothelium where it might modulate leukocyte invasion of the stroma and myometrial connective tissue. (+info)

Characterization of prethymic progenitors within the chicken embryo. (8/9582)

The thymic primordium in both birds and mammals is first colonized by cells emerging from the intra-embryonic mesenchyme but the nature of these precursors is poorly understood. We demonstrate here an early embryonic day 7 prethymic population with T lymphoid potential. Our work is a phenotypic analysis of, to date, the earliest embryonic prethymic progenitors arising in the avian para-aortic area during ontogeny. The phenotype of these cells, expressing the cell surface molecules alpha2beta1 integrin, c-kit, thrombomucin/MEP21, HEMCAM and chL12, reflects functional properties required for cell adhesion, migration and growth factor responsiveness. Importantly, the presence of these antigens was found to correlate with the recolonization of the recipient thymus following intrathymic cell transfers. These intra-embryonic cells were also found to express the Ikaros transcription factor, the molecular function of which is considered to be prerequisite for embryonic lymphoid development. (+info)

... (sCAMs) are a class of cell adhesion molecule (CAMs - cell surface binding proteins) that may ... Soluble forms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin (termed sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 ... May 1998). "Soluble cell adhesion molecules in hypertriglyceridemia and potential significance on monocyte adhesion". ... They include soluble isoforms of the cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin and P-selectin (distinguished as sICAM- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluble_cell_adhesion_molecules

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are a subset of cell surface proteins that are involved in the binding of cells with other cells ... Cell membrane Cell migration Immunological synapse Trogocytosis Cell+Adhesion+Molecules at the US National Library of Medicine ... The process is highly regulated by cell adhesion molecules, particularly, the addressin also known as MADCAM1. This antigen is ... There are four major superfamilies or groups of CAMs: the immunoglobulin super family of cell adhesion molecules (IgCAMs), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_adhesion_molecule

2003). "Implications of nectin-like molecule-2/IGSF4/RA175/SgIGSF/TSLC1/SynCAM1 in cell-cell adhesion and transmembrane protein ... Cell adhesion molecule 1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CADM1 gene. Model organisms have been used in the ... Cell adhesion molecule 1 has been shown to interact with EPB41L3. Genome-wide association studies identified an association ... "Entrez Gene: CADM1 cell adhesion molecule 1". "Salmonella infection data for Cadm1". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_adhesion_molecule_1

1996). "A unique gene encodes spliceoforms of the B-cell adhesion molecule cell surface glycoprotein of epithelial cancer and ... Basal cell adhesion molecule, also known as Lutheran antigen, is a plasma membrane glycoprotein that in humans is encoded by ... "Entrez Gene: BCAM basal cell adhesion molecule (Lutheran blood group)". Parsons SF, Lee G, Spring FA, Willig TN, Peters LL, ... 2005). "Molecular interactions of B-CAM (basal-cell adhesion molecule) and laminin in epithelial skin cancer". Arch. Dermatol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_cell_adhesion_molecule

"Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) modulates cell-cell interactions mediated by classic cadherins". The Journal of Cell ... a human epithelial antigen is a homophilic cell-cell adhesion molecule". The Journal of Cell Biology. 125 (2): 437-46. doi: ... "Cytoplasmic tail regulates the intercellular adhesion function of the epithelial cell adhesion molecule". Molecular and ... Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), also known as CD326 among other names, is a transmembrane glycoprotein mediating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial_cell_adhesion_molecule

... also present on subset of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. In cell adhesion, CD56 contributes to cell-cell adhesion or cell- ... The neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM1 appears on early embryonic cells and is important in the formation of cell collectives ... Τ cells and activated CD8+ T cells, as well as on dendritic cells. NCAM has been implicated as having a role in cell-cell ... Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), also called CD56, is a homophilic binding glycoprotein expressed on the surface of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_cell_adhesion_molecule

... is a protein in humans that is encoded by the DSCAML1 gene. DSCAM, Down syndrome ... "DSCAML1 DS cell adhesion molecule like 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". Retrieved 2012-11-29. PDBe-KB provides an overview of all ... the structure information available in the PDB for Human Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule-like protein 1 v t e (Genes on ... cell adhesion molecule Fibronectin type III domain Immunoglobulin superfamily GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000177103 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_syndrome_cell_adhesion_molecule_like_1

Cell adhesion molecules Fibronectin Laminin Schwab, Manfred, ed. (2001). "Cell Adhesion Molecules". Encyclopedic reference of ... Substrate adhesion molecules (SAMs) are proteins that attach cells to specific compounds in the extracellular matrix (a process ... ISBN 978-0-387-25615-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) Ulrich, Klaus (1994). "Cell-Adhesion Molecules ... while others bind to integrins on the surface of the cell. Integrin molecules are composed of two chains of amino acids, one of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrate_adhesion_molecules

... s are cell adhesion molecules expressed on lymphocyte cell membranes that recognize addressins on ... J Cell Biol. 196 (1): 131-146. doi:10.1083/jcb.201110023. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 3255974. PMID 22232704. (Cell adhesion molecules) ... are cells found in secondary lymphoid organs that express large quantities of cell adhesion molecules, enabling ... These diverse tissue-specific adhesion molecules on lymphocytes (homing receptors) and on endothelial cells (vascular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte_homing_receptor

This domain is found in mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 proteins (MAdCAM-1). These are cell adhesion ... Bacterial adhesin Cell adhesion Fungal adhesin Tan K, Casasnovas JM, Liu JH, Briskin MJ, Springer TA, Wang JH (June 1998). "The ... In molecular biology, the adhesin molecule (immunoglobulin-like) is a protein domain. ... molecules expressed on the endothelium in mucosa that guide the specific homing of lymphocytes into mucosal tissues. MAdCAM-1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesion_molecule_(immunoglobulin-like)

2004). "Ksp-cadherin is a functional cell-cell adhesion molecule related to LI-cadherin". Exp. Cell Res. 294 (2): 345-55. doi: ... "Entrez Gene: CDH17 cadherin 17, LI cadherin (liver-intestine)". Gessner R, Tauber R (2001). "Intestinal cell adhesion molecules ... 2004). "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (33): 12130-5. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDH17

In: Structure and Function of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule NCAM, Series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, ... related superfamily of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). It was first identified in the developing grasshopper embryo, seen ... having structural homology to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) found in vertebrates. Alternative splicing of fasII ... mainly glial cells), where it functions as a substrate for growth cones of extending axons, directing adhesion and axon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciclin_2

CD44 proteins belong to a family of cell surface adhesion molecules that are involved in both cell-cell and cell-matrix ... CD44 Cell adhesion molecules. Mol Path, 52: 189-196. Ioannidis, P., and T. Trangas., 2006. CRD-BP/IMP1: An RNA Binding Protein ... RNA-binding IMPs promote cell adhesion and invadopodia formation. EMBO 25: 1456-1468. Goodison, S., et al. 1999. ... Upon binding to its transcripts, CRD-BP plays a role in translation by stabilizing and localizing the transcripts in the cell. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRD-BP

Johansson MW (1999). "Cell adhesion molecules in invertebrate immunity". Dev. Comp. Immunol. 23 (4-5): 303-15. doi:10.1016/ ... NDR1 is also believed to be involved in cell wall adhesion to the plasma membrane and fluid retention of the cell. In addition ... Hynes, Richard (1992). "Integrins: Versatility, Modulation, and Signaling in Cell Adhesion". Cell. 69 (1): 11-25. doi:10.1016/ ... The extracellular matrix of plant cells, fungi, and some protist is referred to as the cell wall. The plant cell wall is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrin-like_receptors

Brümmendorf T, Rathjen FG (1995). "Cell adhesion molecules 1: immunoglobulin superfamily". Protein Profile. 2 (9): 963-1108. ... Williams AF, Barclay AN (1988). "The immunoglobulin superfamily-domains for cell surface recognition". Annu. Rev. Immunol. 6: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_domain

Axons express patterns of cell-surface adhesion molecules that allow them to match with specific layer targets. An important ... Washbourne, P. (2004-10-20). "Cell Adhesion Molecules in Synapse Formation". Journal of Neuroscience. 24 (42): 9244-9249. doi: ... while both cells start expressing adhesion molecules on their respective membranes to form tight junctions, called "puncta ... family of adhesion molecules is constituted by the cadherins, whose different combination on targeting cells allow the traction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_selection

A Multigene Family of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules". Plant Physiology. 133 (4): 1911-1925. doi:10.1104/pp.103.031237. PMC ... Seagrass cell walls contain the same polysaccharides found in angiosperm land plants, such as cellulose However, the cell walls ... However the cell walls of seagrasses are not well understood. In addition to the ancestral traits of land plants one would ... Thus, the cell walls of seagrasses seem to contain combinations of features known from both angiosperm land plants and marine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagrass

Frijns CJ, Kappelle LJ (Aug 2002). "Inflammatory cell adhesion molecules in ischemic cerebrovascular disease". Stroke: A ... With the roles of ICAM-1 in cell-cell adhesion, extravasation, and infection more fully understood, a potential role for ICAM-1 ... This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein which is typically expressed on endothelial cells and cells of the immune system ... ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) also known as CD54 (Cluster of Differentiation 54) is a protein that in humans is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICAM-1

The structure of PTPmu suggests that it can regulate cell adhesion and migration using its extracellular cell adhesion molecule ... "Regulation of cell adhesion by protein-tyrosine phosphatases: II. Cell-cell adhesion". J Biol Chem. 281 (24): 16189-92. doi: ... Craig SE, Brady-Kalnay SM (2011). "Cancer cells cut homophilic cell adhesion molecules and run". Cancer Res. 71 (2): 303-9. doi ... Burridge K, Sastry SK, Sallee JL (2006). "Regulation of cell adhesion by protein-tyrosine phosphatases. I. Cell-matrix adhesion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTPRM

The fusion requires the regulation of cell adhesion molecules. The neural plate switches from E-cadherin expression to N- ... Neural crest cells will migrate through the embryo and will give rise to several cell populations, including pigment cells and ... The variation in cell shapes is partially determined by the location of the nucleus within the cell, causing bulging in areas ... this is not one set of cells but rather is a constantly changing group of cells that are migrating over the dorsal lip of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurulation

... cell-adhesion molecules in synaptic plasticity". Trends in Cell Biology. 10 (11): 473-82. doi:10.1016/S0962-8924(00)01838-9. ... Rikitake Y, Mandai K, Takai Y (August 2012). "The role of nectins in different types of cell-cell adhesion". Journal of Cell ... "Roles and modes of action of nectins in cell-cell adhesion". Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. 15 (6): 643-56. doi: ... For example, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) play a large role in synaptic maintenance and stabilization. Gerald Edelman ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_stabilization

"Entrez Gene: Sidekick cell adhesion molecule 1". Retrieved 2018-05-31. "OMIM: SIDEKICK CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1; SDK1". ... Sidekick cell adhesion molecule 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SDK1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is ... "Up-regulation of the homophilic adhesion molecule sidekick-1 in podocytes contributes to glomerulosclerosis". J. Biol. Chem. ... heparin and the cell surface. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDK1

... is a cell adhesion molecule. CD24 is a sialoglycoprotein expressed at the surface of most B lymphocytes and ... "Cell Surface Glycoprotein CD24 Marks Bone Marrow-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells with Reduced Proliferative and ... and CD29 define a surface biomarker code for neural lineage differentiation of stem cells". Stem Cells. 27 (12): 2928-40. doi: ... Carl JW, Liu JQ, Joshi PS, El-Omrani HY, Yin L, Zheng X, Whitacre CC, Liu Y, Bai XF (July 2008). "Autoreactive T cells escape ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD24

SIDEKICK CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 2; SDK2". Yamagata M, Weiner JA, Sanes JR (Sep 2002). "Sidekicks: synaptic adhesion molecules ... heparin and the cell surface. This protein, and a homologous mouse sequence, are very similar to the Drosophila sidekick gene ... that promote lamina-specific connectivity in the retina". Cell. 110 (5): 649-60. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00910-8. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDK2

ALGAL-CAM: algal cell adhesion molecule. ISG: inversion-specific glycoprotein. FLA: fasciclin like AGP. ENODL: earlt nodulation ... Huber, O.; Sumper, M. (1994-09-15). "Algal-CAMs: isoforms of a cell adhesion molecule in embryos of the alga Volvox with ... A Multigene Family of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules". Plant Physiology. 133 (4): 1911-1925. doi:10.1104/pp.103.031237. ISSN ... suggests the combination of fasciclin domain and AG glycans can mediate cell-cell adhesion. Gh: Gossypium hirsutum, Dc: Daucus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabinogalactan_protein

In molecular biology, intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) are part of the ... Mammalian intercellular adhesion molecules include: ICAM-1 ICAM2 ICAM3 ICAM4 ICAM5 Gahmberg CG, Tolvanen M, Kotovuori P (April ... In addition, ICAMs may exist in soluble forms in human plasma, due to activation and proteolysis mechanisms at cell surfaces. ... This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR013768 v t e (Cell biology, Protein families, All ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercellular_adhesion_molecule

Protocadherins function as cell adhesion molecules, essential for synaptic specificity. The mechanism for Protocadherin gene ... The hemocyanin molecule is much larger than the hemoglobin molecule, allowing it to bond with 96 O2 or CO2 molecules, instead ... But unlike hemoglobin, which are attached in millions on the surface of a single red blood cell, hemocyanin molecules floats ... 3. Cell. pp. 594-604. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.008. "Cephalopod radula". Tree of Life web project. Nixon, M. (1995). "A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopod

... axon guidance molecules (e.g. Epha1, Epha4, Ntng1, Epha8) and cell adhesion molecules (e.g. Cdh6, Cdh8, Cdhr1). Accordingly, a ... cell adhesion molecules and ion channels in the thalamus. The TCF7L2 gene encoding the TCF7L2 transcription factor, exhibits ... Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (January 2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9-13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. ... It was also shown that in Tcf7l2 knockout mice the number of proliferating cells in cortical neural progenitor cells is reduced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCF7L2

Neuronal cell adhesion molecule is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRCAM gene. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are ... Grumet M (1997). "Nr-CAM: a cell adhesion molecule with ligand and receptor functions". Cell Tissue Res. 290 (2): 423-8. doi: ... NRCAM neuronal cell adhesion molecule". Marui T, Funatogawa I, Koishi S, et al. (2008). "Association of the neuronal cell ... This gene encodes a neuronal cell adhesion molecule with multiple immunoglobulin-like C2-type domains and fibronectin type-III ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRCAM

As cell adhesion molecules, they often bind "homophilically" to themselves; for example L1 on one cell binding to L1 on an ... The L1 family is a family of cell adhesion molecules that includes four different L1-like proteins. They are members of the ... "The L1 Family of neural adhesion molecules". Swarthmore College. Archived from the original on 2005-04-08. Karp G (2008). Cell ... Wei CH, Ryu SE (July 2012). "Homophilic interaction of the L1 family of cell adhesion molecules". Experimental & Molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L1_family

Teneurins are homophilic adhesion molecules that bind specifically to other teneurin-family molecules on adjacent cells. The ... cell-cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth using atomic force microscopy-based single-cell force spectroscopy". Nano Letters. 13 ... "tenascin-like molecule accessory" and Ten-m for "tenascin-like molecule major". Around the same time, Levine et al. also ... Ten-m3 molecule is the first to be reported to regulate connectivity in the thalamostriatal pathway. Ten-m3 guides some of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TENM3

... neural cell adhesion molecule) → ++ S100 → ++ Transthyretin → - Vimentin → +++ Desmin → - SMA (smooth muscle actin) → + The ... Vacuolated, or clear cells are common. Necrosis or cell death is normally observed to some extent in most of these tumors cells ... If the abnormal cells continue to grow, divide, and produce more abnormal cells, the mass of abnormal cells may eventually ... The papilla is meant to be surface cells. The ependymal cells line the inside of the ventricles of the brain. These cells have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papillary_tumors_of_the_pineal_region

Proteins are also important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, active transport across membranes, and the cell ... Next, these smaller molecules are taken up by cells and converted to smaller molecules, usually acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA ... A parallel approach is to identify the small molecules in a cell or tissue; the complete set of these molecules is called the ... doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.039. PMC 5329766. PMID 28187287. Cooper GM (2000). "The Molecular Composition of Cells". The Cell: A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism

... adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, P-selectin) and prostaglandins and nitric oxide (NO). Additionally, the UPS also plays a ... of the proteasome block the degradation of most cell proteins and the generation of peptides presented on MHC class I molecules ... UPS proteolysis plays a major role in responses of cancer cells to stimulatory signals that are critical for the development of ... Goff SP (Aug 2003). "Death by deamination: a novel host restriction system for HIV-1". Cell. 114 (3): 281-3. doi:10.1016/S0092- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMD7

... s are a family of proteins found in complexes with cadherin cell adhesion molecules of animal cells. The first two ... F9 embryonal carcinoma cells are similar to the P19 cells shown in Figure 1 and normally have cell-to-cell adhesion mediated by ... providing the cell with a means of stable cell adhesion. However, decreases in this adhesion ability of the cell has been ... A tumor cell line with defective δ-catenin, low levels of E-cadherin and poor cell-to-cell adhesion could be restored to normal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin

... which acts as a signaling and adhesion molecule. MAG can also act as a signaling molecule as a soluble protein after it has ... Gage FH, Temple S (October 2013). "Neural stem cells: generating and regenerating the brain". Neuron. 80 (3): 588-601. doi: ... The Journal of Cell Biology. 138 (6): 1355-66. doi:10.1083/jcb.138.6.1355. PMC 2132563. PMID 9298990. Pronker MF, Lemstra S, ... is a type 1 transmembrane protein glycoprotein localized in periaxonal Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte membranes, where it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin-associated_glycoprotein

Adhesion between FDCs and B cells is mediated by ICAM-1 (CD54)-LFA-1 (CD11a) and VCAM-VLA-4 molecules. Activated B-cells with ... Unlike dendritic cells (DC), FDCs are not derived from the bone-marrow hematopoietic stem cell, but are of mesenchymal origin. ... Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are cells of the immune system found in primary and secondary lymph follicles (lymph nodes) of ... In mice lacking B cells, or with blocked TNF-a and lymphotoxin (LT) production, cells with FDC phenotype are missing. In normal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicular_dendritic_cells

Furthermore these cells express a number of molecules important for the mediation of the cell adhesion, such as cadherin-11, ... These cells, together with other immune cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, mast cells, dendritic cells and ... These hallmark features of FLS in RA are divided into 7 cell-intrinsic hallmarks and 4 cell-extrinsic hallmarks. The cell- ... In addition, these cells can produce a number of pro-inflammatory signalling molecules, especially Il-6 and IL-8, prostanoids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast-like_synoviocyte

... cell division, cell adhesion, and stress response such as DNA repair. Activity of ABL1 protein is negatively regulated by its ... The BCR-ABL protein can be inhibited by various small molecules. One such inhibitor is imatinib mesylate, which occupies the ... associates with focal adhesion kinase and induces pseudohyphal growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (7): ... a site for phosphorylation in leukaemia cells". Genes to Cells. 9 (9): 781-90. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2443.2004.00772.x. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABL_(gene)

... is also an important adhesion molecule and is required for T cells to enter lymph nodes. It is expressed on lymph node ... as a cell surface glycoprotein and functions as a cell-cell adhesion factor. It may also mediate the attachment of ... Cells expressing CD34 (CD34+ cell) are normally found in the umbilical cord and bone marrow as haematopoietic cells, or in ... December 2019). "Single-cell analysis of bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells from children with sickle cell disease and thalassemia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD34

Cell. 157 (6): 1380-92. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.009. PMC 4144415. PMID 24906154. Anke M. Arsenic. In: Mertz W. ed., Trace ... Loskill P, Zeitz C, Grandthyll S, Thewes N, Müller F, Bischoff M, Herrmann M, Jacobs K (May 2013). "Reduced adhesion of oral ... One element, cobalt, is available for use by animals only after having been processed into complex molecules (e.g., vitamin B12 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)

... cell-cycle regulation, angiogenesis, and cell adhesion. The correlative studies analyzing the expression of galectin-9 and ... "Upregulation of Galectin-9 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoints Molecules in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia". Asian Pacific ... "Galectin-9 as a regulator of cellular adhesion in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines". International Journal of ... an interaction with CD40 on T-cells induced their proliferation inhibition and cell death. Galectin-9 also has important ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galectin-9

The protein may play a role in the adhesion of activated T and NK cells to their target cells during the late phase of the ... "Entrez Gene: CD96 molecule". Retrieved 2018-07-03. Fuchs A, Colonna M (October 2006). "The role of NK cell recognition of ... promotes NK cell-target cell adhesion by interacting with the poliovirus receptor (CD155)". Journal of Immunology. 172 (7): ... CD96 is a receptor protein which is expressed on T cells and NK cells and shares sequence similarity with CD226 (also known as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD96

1997). "Morphogenesis of epithelial cells". In Paul, Leendert C.; Issekutz, Thomas B. (eds.). Adhesion molecules in health and ... Embryoblast cells also known as the inner cell mass form a compact mass of cells at the embryonic pole on one side of the ... The blastomeres are the daughter cells of the zygote, and when the blastomeres number from 16-32 the ball of cells is called a ... The cells on the outside and inside become differentially fated into trophoblast (outside) and inner cell mass (inside) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morula

Bacteria use TAAs in order to infect their host cells via a process called cell adhesion. TAAs also go by another name, ... TAAs are a type of microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs). In other words, they are a ... YadA bacterial adhesin protein domain Type V secretion system Virulence factor Cell adhesion Outer membrane Gram negative ... Then the Trimeric Autotransporter Adhesin must adhere to the layer of cells found on the internal surface, the epithelial cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimeric_autotransporter_adhesin

... and specifically the e-cadherin-based stem cell adhesion, is vital in maintaining the Drosophila germline stem cells. These ... Mahowald determined that these amino acid substitutions in Act5C and Act42A did not occur in regions of the actin molecule ... cells continuously duplicate their genetic information without division into two cells. This creates very large cells, but ... "The receptor tyrosine phosphatase Lar regulates adhesion between Drosophila male germline stem cells and the niche". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Mahowald

Liquids behave in a comparable manner, but with molecules moving around due to kinetic energy instead of motile cells moving ... Cell sorting Cell adhesion Morphogenesis Wound healing Metastasis Foty, Ramsey A.; Steinberg, Malcolm S. (1 February 2005). " ... where tissues with weaker surface adhesion surround tissues with stronger surface adhesion, the rounding of irregular cell ... cells move to be near other cells of similar adhesive strength in order to maximize the bonding strength between cells and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_adhesion_hypothesis

The calcium bound proteins usually play an important role in cell-cell adhesion, hydrolytic processes (such as hydrolytic ... It also lowers the concentration of low molecular weight molecules like sugars and amino acids and increases the concentration ... In animals, potassium also plays a key part along with sodium in maintaining resting cell membrane potential and in cell-cell ... Potassium absorption has a positive correlation with aquaporins and the uptake of water in plant cells via cell membrane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometal_(biology)

"CD151 enhances cell motility and metastasis of cancer cells in the presence of focal adhesion kinase". Int. J. Cancer. 97 (3): ... CD151 molecule (Raph blood group), also known as CD151 (Cluster of Differentiation 151), is a human gene. The protein encoded ... It is involved in cellular processes including cell adhesion and may regulate integrin trafficking and/or function. This ... associates with multiple integrins and modulates cell function". J. Cell Sci. 112 ( Pt 6) (6): 833-44. doi:10.1242/jcs.112.6. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD151

Disruption of the cell membrane is another property of alcohols that aid in cell death. Alcohols are cheap and effective ... When a bacterial enzyme comes in contact with a compound containing chlorine, the hydrogen atom in that molecule gets displaced ... Designing effective antimicrobial surfaces demands an in-depth understanding of the initial microbe-surface adhesion mechanisms ... When the concentration of dissolved materials or solute is higher inside the cell than it is outside, the cell is said to be in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial

... chemokines and adhesion and costimulatory molecules, which in turn triggers acute inflammation and stimulation of adaptive ... Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (January 2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9-13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. ... connecting proteins that receive signals from outside the cell to the proteins that relay signals inside the cell. In innate ... since the immunological phenotype of human cells deficient in MYD88 is similar to cells from MyD88 deficient mice. However, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYD88

... include chemokines and molecules that act on endothelial cells and cause them to express Intercellular adhesion molecule (such ... by mast cells following the cross-linking of allergen specific IgE molecules bound to mast cell FcεRI receptors. These ... as vascular cell adhesion molecule and selectins), which together result in the recruitment and activation of leukocytes from ... and in plasma cell isotype switching to IgE which will bind to the mast cell FcεRI receptors and prime the individual for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergic_inflammation

... an adhesion molecule on the surface of platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, and some types of T-cells This disambiguation page ... a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting and preserving aviation history Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCAM

... especially CD8+ T cells, has been proposed. Upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and cytokines associated ... presented on MHC 1 molecules activates CD8+ T cells on keratinocytes or by encounters with activated CD4+ helper T cells or ... The inflammatory infiltrate in oral LP is primarily composed of CD8+ T cells. A potential pathway for CD8+ T cell-mediated ... Chemokines are produced by activated CD8+ T cells that attract additional inflammatory cells, thereby promoting continued ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen_planus

... adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, P-selectin) and prostaglandins and nitric oxide (NO). Additionally, the UPS also plays a ... UPS proteolysis plays a major role in responses of cancer cells to stimulatory signals that are critical for the development of ... Goff SP (Aug 2003). "Death by deamination: a novel host restriction system for HIV-1". Cell. 114 (3): 281-3. doi:10.1016/S0092- ... Kleiger G, Mayor T (Jun 2014). "Perilous journey: a tour of the ubiquitin-proteasome system". Trends in Cell Biology. 24 (6): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMB3

... might additionally function as a cell adhesion molecule. Sodium channel GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000177098 - ... structures of the extracellular domains of the voltage-gated sodium channel β4 subunit explain its role in cell-cell adhesion ... Webb J, Wu FF, Cannon SC (2009). "Slow inactivation of the NaV1.4 sodium channel in mammalian cells is impeded by co-expression ... Shimizu, Hideaki (2016). "Structure-based site-directed photo-crosslinking analyses of multimeric cell-adhesive interactions of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCN4B

... adhesion molecules, cytokines, and stromal cells". Exp Hematol. 30 (9): 973-981. doi:10.1016/s0301-472x(02)00883-4. PMID ... Besides liver cells, A1PI is produced in bone marrow, by lymphocytic and monocytic cells in lymphoid tissue, and by the Paneth ... In addition to binding to neutrophil elastase released by inflammatory cells, A1AT also binds to elastase localized on the cell ... through tissue including immature T cells through the thymus where immature T cells mature to become immunocompetent T cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-1_antitrypsin

1994). "Autophosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase, pp125FAK, directs SH2-dependent binding of pp60src". Mol. Cell. Biol ... 1996). "DOCK180, a major CRK-binding protein, alters cell morphology upon translocation to the cell membrane". Mol. Cell. Biol ... alters cell morphology upon translocation to the cell membrane". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (4): 1770-6. doi:10.1128/MCB.16.4.1770. ... "Differential regulation of cell motility and invasion by FAK". J. Cell Biol. 160 (5): 753-67. doi:10.1083/jcb.200212114. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapter_molecule_crk

"Microtubule-induced focal adhesion disassembly is mediated by dynamin and focal adhesion kinase". Nature Cell Biology. 7 (6): ... In order to do this, dynein molecules bind organelle membranes via a protein complex that contains a number of elements ... Some cell types, such as plant cells, do not contain well defined MTOCs. In these cells, microtubules are nucleated from ... This interference with microtubule dynamics can have the effect of stopping a cell's cell cycle and can lead to programmed cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule

Specifically, she assessed the loss of N-cadherin and integrins, two of the three types of adhesion molecules, on the embryonic ... she studied the mechanism in which cells from the retina grow towards and make connections with specific brain cells, ... performing experiments to understand the role of adhesion molecules in axon guidance. ... This process is required for accuracy in brain cell growth proper orientation. In addition to studying N-cadherin and integrins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Holt

Elevated lavels of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1, thrombomodulin and soluble endothelial cell adhesion molecules in ... thrombomodulin and soluble endothelial cell adhesion molecules in patients with dengue haemorrhagic fever.. WHO Regional Office ... The results suggest that endothelial cells are highly activated in DHF patients and TNF-α is one of the factors which ... High levels of soluble activated endothelial substances suggest that endothelial cells are highly activated. When compared with ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/170398

ET-1 up-regulates cell surface adhesion molecules-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion ... molecule-1 (VCAM-1).The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of the detection of ET-1, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in ... ET-1 up-regulates cell surface adhesion molecules-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion ... Keywords: endothelin-1 (ET-1); intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1); systemic sclerosis; vascular cell adhesion molecule- ...

https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/labmed-2020-0050/html

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/170398?locale-attribute=ar&

cell-cell adhesion via plasma-membrane adhesion molecules + The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules ... calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules + calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion via ... heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane ... cell-cell adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration + cell-cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex tangential migration ...

https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/ontology/view.html?acc_id=GO:0098742

Cell adhesion molecules including leukocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1 ... Targeting of nanoparticles to cell adhesion molecules for potential immune therapy. dc.contributor.advisor. Berkland, Cory J.. ... Clustering of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 by multivalent ligands increases binding avidity of these cell adhesion molecules. In this ... In addition, T-cell adhesion to epithelial cells was inhibited by cIBR-NPs. In chapter 4, nanoparticles capable of blocking LFA ...

https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/handle/1808/7010?show=full

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are (glyco)proteins expressed on the cell surface and play a critical role in a wide array of ... Cell-cell adhesions also underpin axon-axon contacts and link neurons with supporting schwann cells and oligodendrocytes. ... Cell adhesion molecules - Felis catus (domestic cat) [ Pathway menu , Organism menu , Pathway entry , Download KGML , Show ... costimulation and cellular adhesion. Furthermore cell-cell adhesions are important for brain morphology and highly coordinated ...

https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/fca04514

However we detected the Leishmania antigen in cells in glomeruli in 54, CD4+ T cells in the glomeruli of 44, and CD8+ T cells ... participation of adhesion molecules, and diminished apoptosis of cells contributing to determine the proliferative pattern of ... CD 4+ T cells predominate in proliferative patterns of glomerulonephritis, however the presence of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were ... There was a correlation between the number of Leishmania antigen positive cells and CD4+ T cells, and between the number of ...

https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-10-112/figures/7

... neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM-1) and activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM). IgSF-CAMs are a large group of ... activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (Alcam) and neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (Ncam-1), (Fig. 1A). ... In the heart, cell adhesion molecules are essential for normal cardiac function, establishing specialized cell-cell contacts ... Purkinje cell, Cell adhesion molecule, NCAM-1, Polysialic acid, Cardiac conduction system, Ventricular conduction system, Mouse ...

https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/148/11/dev199431/269045/Neural-cell-adhesion-molecule-is-required-for

... modulating cell-cell interactions through cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) such as cadherins, neural cell adhesion molecules ( ... Modulation of cell-cell interactions for neural tissue engineering : potential therapeutic applications of cell adhesion ... Modulation of cell-cell interactions for neural tissue engineering : potential therapeutic applications of cell adhesion ... Within the central nervous system, there are considerably more cell-cell communications as compared to cell-ECM interactions, ...

https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/handle/10356/102634

Ankyrin binding activity shared by the neurofascin/L1/NrCAM family of nervous system cell adhesion molecules. ... Ankyrin binding activity shared by the neurofascin/L1/NrCAM family of nervous system cell adhesion molecules. Journal Article ( ... Linkage of these ankyrin-binding cell adhesion molecules to spectrin-based structures may provide a major class of membrane- ... Neurofascin, L1, NrCAM, NgCAM, and neuroglian are membrane-spanning cell adhesion molecules with conserved cytoplasmic domains ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub641414

... of major histocompatibility class I and class II antigens and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on operable non-small cell lung ... Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and adhesion molecules, such as the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1 ... Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 on bone marrow micrometastases in patients with operable non small cell lung carcinomas. ... Expression of intercellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules and class II major histocompatibility antigens in human lungs ...

https://eurekamag.com/research/008/661/008661939.php

The aim of this study was to detect the expression level of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and MicroRNA-21 in peripheral ... The aim of this study was to detect the expression level of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and MicroRNA-21 in peripheral ... We have proved that the expression level of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and MicroRNA-21 in serum of subjects is closely ... We also demonstrated that vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and MicroRNA-21 had a positive correlation with weight, body mass ...

https://www.ijpsonline.com/abstract/serum-expression-and-clinical-significance-of-vascularrncell-adhesion-molecule1-and-microrna21-inrnobstructive-sleep-apn-3999.html

The L1 cell adhesion molecule is induced in renal cancer cells and correlates with metastasis in clear cell carcinomas ... L1 cell adhesion molecule as a predictor for recurrence in pulmonary carcinoids and large-cell neuroendocrine tumors ... The neural cell adhesion molecule L1 potentiates integrin-dependent cell migration to extracellular matrix proteins ... The cell adhesion molecule L1 has a specific role in neural cell migration ...

https://aacrjournals.org/clincancerres/article/15/23/7345/74407/L1-Cell-Adhesion-Molecule-Is-a-Novel-Independent

Our results demonstrate the requirement of neuronal synaptobrevin for regulation of cell adhesion molecules and development of ... Neuropil pattern formation and regulation of cell adhesion molecules in Drosophila optic lobe development depend on ... Neuropil pattern formation and regulation of cell adhesion molecules in Drosophila optic lobe development depend on ... Neuropil pattern formation and regulation of cell adhesion molecules in Drosophila optic lobe development depend on ...

https://www.bcp.fu-berlin.de/biologie/arbeitsgruppen/neurobiologie/ag_hiesinger/publikationen/1999_hiesinger_neuropil/index.html

Loss of cell adhesion molecule CHL1 improves homeostatic adaptation and survival in hypoxic stress. In: Cell Death & Disease. ... Loss of cell adhesion molecule CHL1 improves homeostatic adaptation and survival in hypoxic stress. Cell Death & Disease. 2013; ... Loss of cell adhesion molecule CHL1 improves homeostatic adaptation and survival in hypoxic stress. Cell Death & Disease, 4(8 ( ... Loss of cell adhesion molecule CHL1 improves homeostatic adaptation and survival in hypoxic stress, Cell Death & Disease, vol ...

https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/loss-of-cell-adhesion-molecule-chl1-improves-homeostatic-adaptati

The leukocyte CD11/CD18 adhesion molecules (beta 2 integrins) are a family of three heterodimeric glycoproteins each with a ... adhesion to endothelium, aggregation, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The enhanced cell adhesion observed upon activation of ... Constitutive and stimulus-induced phosphorylation of CD11/CD18 leukocyte adhesion molecules.. J Cell Biol 1 December 1989; 109 ... Constitutive and stimulus-induced phosphorylation of CD11/CD18 leukocyte adhesion molecules. T A Chatila, T A Chatila ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/109/6/3435/29062/Constitutive-and-stimulus-induced-phosphorylation

... vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)] expression. TNF-α or IL-1β did not change the expression of CD9, CD13, CD16, CD23, ... Demonstration of Inducible Expression of the Adhesion Molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 Academic Article ... was found to enhance intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression (severalfold) and induce de novo CD106 [ ... We have determined the phenotype of the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B by flow cytometry. We confirmed previous ...

https://scholars.uab.edu/display/pub609439

深入研究「Tumor necrosis factor-α enhances neutrophil adhesiveness: Induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 via activation of ... Tumor necrosis factor-α enhances neutrophil adhesiveness: Induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 via activation of Akt ... CaM kinase II and modifications of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase 4 in human tracheal smooth muscle cells」主題 ... CaM kinase II and modifications of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase 4 in human tracheal smooth muscle cells. ...

https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/zh/publications/tumor-necrosis-factor-%CE%B1-enhances-neutrophil-adhesiveness-inductio/fingerprints/

Cardiovascular Cell Adhesion Cell Adhesion Molecules Cell adhesion molecules, Kits/ Lysates/ Other Cell Adhesion Proteins Cell ... Adhesion molecules ELISA kits Adhesion molecules ELISA kits, Kits/ Lysates/ Other Alternative Pathway, Immunology Angiogenesis ... Stem Cells Neurology process Neuroscience Other Other, Cardiovascular Signal Transduction Subcellular Markers Surface Molecules ... Other Leukocyte recruitment Mesenchymal Stem Cells Microtubules Microtubules, Tags & Cell Markers Mitochondrial) Motor Proteins ...

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MDC Repository is powered by EPrints 3 which is developed by the School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton ...

http://edoc.mdc-berlin.de/1802/

Adhesion Molecules for Microbiology. This is one of many videos provided by Clutch Prep to prepare ... Practice: If the endothelial cells of the blood vessels in the body did not possess adhesion molecules, which of the following ... Practice: Why are adhesion molecules considered a form of cell communication in immune responses? ... Cell Biology. Video Lessons Anatomy & Physiology. Video Lessons Genetics. Video Lessons GOB. Video Lessons Biochemistry. Video ...

https://clutchprep.com/microbiology/cell-communication-surface-receptors-adhesion-molecules/72714/learn/28503

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https://www.stemcells.ox.ac.uk/publications/906025?dd4082fc-7800-11ed-9972-0a3af28e70c2

title = "Cell adhesion molecules in Hodgkins disease",. abstract = "The fact that Hodgkins cells are capable of binding ... Cell adhesion molecules in Hodgkins disease. / Paietta, E.. In: Annals of Oncology, Vol. 3, No. SUPPL. 4, 1992, p. S17-S19.. ... including representative molecules from various adhesion molecule families.. AB - The fact that Hodgkins cells are capable of ... Cell adhesion molecules in Hodgkins disease. Annals of Oncology. 1992;3(SUPPL. 4):S17-S19. doi: 10.1093/annonc/3.suppl_4.S17 ...

https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cell-adhesion-molecules-in-hodgkins-disease-2

... the presence of adhesion molecule expression in the valve endothelium we will try to show the level of adhesion molecules in ... A rise in the levels of adhesion molecules such as VCAM-1, ICAM-1and E-selectin in valve disease patients has been reported ... tin Binding Site," Cell, Vol. 60, No. 4, 1990, pp. 577-584. ... lar cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-1) and E-selectin exist in ... Beta-Hemolytic Streptococ Role of Adhesion Molecules Semsi Altaner1, Turhan Kurum2, Muzaffer Demir3, Burhan Turgut4, Turan Ege5 ...

https://file.scirp.org/Html/35173.html

Estimation of the dissociation constant of the cell adhesion molecules srCD2 and srCD48 using analytical ultracentrifugation. ... Estimation of the dissociation constant of the cell adhesion molecules srCD2 and srCD48 using analytical ultracentrifugation. ...

https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/30092?90bdc3ce-776d-11ed-82a4-0653bcb80ed2

RESULTS: In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which rely on adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 ... METHODS: We compared parasite lines varying in their binding properties to human endothelial cells for their ability to ... Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs), which can bind infected erythrocytes via ICAM-1 and CD36, have a more ... but this is also dependent on adhesive interactions rather than merely contact between cells. CONCLUSIONS: Signaling via ...

https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/publications/140099

Immunoelectron Microscopic Localization Of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules L1, N. by webadmin , Jun 3, 2022 , บทความ ... We have a React Native cell application that uses Mapbox. After zoom, its shifting a bit from the unique location mechanically ...

http://prawase.com/2022/06/03/immunoelectron-microscopic-localization-of-neural-cell-adhesion-molecules-l1-n-2/

The EPCAM gene provides instructions for making a protein known as epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM). Learn about ... epithelial cell adhesion molecule To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript.. ... where it helps cells stick to one another (cell adhesion). In addition, the protein in the cell membrane can be cut at a ... The EPCAM gene provides instructions for making a protein known as epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM). This protein ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/epcam/

Mouse ALCAM (Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule) ELISA Kit. E-EL-M2456 Regular price $580.00. $499.00 You Pay ...

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Using Northern blot hybridization analysis, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA was detected in BEAS-2B cells stimulated with cytokines. (uab.edu)
16. Mantovani A, Dejana E. Cytokines as communication signals between leukocytes and endothelial cells. (ac.ir)
Serum leptin levels in relation to circulating cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules and angiogenic factors in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. (ac.ir)
We also examine the production of various cytokines and study cytotoxic potential of the different T cell subsets in colon tumors. (gu.se)
This transcription factor governs the expression of target genes that are involved in encoding cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, cell adhesion molecules, and acute-phase proteins that regulate inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
The molecular changes include increased reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory changes: advanced glycation end products, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, Complement 5-9 deposition and cytokines, which result in increased paracellular permeability, tight junction disruption, and increased transcellular permeability. (medscape.com)
The molecular changes include increased reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory changes: advanced glycation end products, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), Complement 5-9 (C5-9) deposition, cytokines, which result in increased paracellular permeability-small molecules and water: tight junction (TJ) disruption-and increased transcellular permeability-large molecules and water: caveolar transport, aquaporins, plasmalemmal vesicle-associated protein. (medscape.com)
Studies have shown that honey has the ability to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human blood cells. (rantrovehoney.in)
These cells and others that produce crucial cytokines maintain SLOs in the adult. (aai.org)

In addition to modulating vascular tone and extracellular matrix turnover, ET-1 up-regulates cell surface adhesion molecules-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1).The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of the detection of ET-1, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in the diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. (degruyter.com)
Cell adhesion molecules including leukocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) play an important role in regulating inflammatory responses. (ku.edu)
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and adhesion molecules, such as the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), appear to play an important role in the immunological recognition and destruction of tumour cells. (eurekamag.com)
Culture of BEAS-2B cells with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or interleukin (IL)-1α (1 ng/ml) was found to enhance intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression (severalfold) and induce de novo CD106 [vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)] expression. (uab.edu)
Plasmodium falciparum intercellular adhesion molecule-1-based cytoadherence-related signaling in human endothelial cells. (ox.ac.uk)
RESULTS: In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which rely on adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 for binding, signaling is related to the avidity of the parasite line for ICAM-1 and can be blocked either through the use of anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibodies or HUVECs with altered ICAM-1 binding properties (i.e. (ox.ac.uk)
Serum was stored for measurement of levels of Angiopoietin (Ang)-1, Ang-2, soluble (s)P-selectin, sE-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1. (rug.nl)
Serum was stored for measurement of levels of Angiopoietin (Ang)-1, Ang-2, soluble (s)P-selectin, sE-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1.Results: Fifty-one children were included of whom 10 had a positive blood culture. (rug.nl)

Constitutive and stimulus-induced phosphorylation of CD11/CD18 leukocyte adhesion molecules. (rupress.org)
The leukocyte CD11/CD18 adhesion molecules (beta 2 integrins) are a family of three heterodimeric glycoproteins each with a distinct alpha subunit (CD11a, b, or c) and a common beta subunit (CD18). (rupress.org)
CD11/CD18 mediate crucial leukocyte adhesion functions such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, adhesion to endothelium, aggregation, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity. (rupress.org)
A small component of phosphothreonine was present in CD11c and CD18 and a minor component of phosphotyrosine was also detected in CD18 upon leukocyte activation may regulate the adhesion functions mediated by the CD11/CD18 family of molecules. (rupress.org)
Dysfunctional endothelium leads to increased permeability to lipoproteins and up-regulation of leukocyte and endothelial adhesion molecules. (medscape.com)
Other trophic factors, such as IL-2, TNF-α, and granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor, cause activated T cells to produce interferon-γ, TNF-α, and TNF-β, leading to stimulation of macrophages and further up-regulation of leukocyte adhesion molecules. (medscape.com)
Similarly, in a leukocyte adhesion assay, naïve cells treated with serum from patients who received CPAP exhibited improved endothelial barrier function than cells treated with OSA control serum. (cdc.gov)
Adalimumab also modulates biological responses that are induced or regulated by TNF, including changes in the levels of adhesion molecules responsible for leukocyte migration (ELAM-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 with an IC50 of 0.1-0.2 nM). (ecco-ibd.eu)

Elevated lavels of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1, thrombomodulin and soluble endothelial cell adhesion molecules in patients with dengue haemorrhagic fever. (who.int)
The ability to study the role of specific genes in endothelial cell biology is made possible by our ability to modulate their expression through siRNA or knockout technologies. (uea.ac.uk)
These types of analyses are encumbered by the need to repeatedly produce and characterize primary endothelial cell cultures and can be greatly facilitated by the use of immortalized microvascular endothelial cells. (uea.ac.uk)
Preeclampsia: an endothelial cell disorder. (ac.ir)
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) functions as a negative regulator of platelet reactivity and thrombosis, at least in part by inhibiting GPVI-FcR-chain signaling via recruitment of SHP-2 to phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs in PECAM-1. (reading.ac.uk)
These include endothelial cell (EC) death or dysfunction, pericyte loss or dysfunction, thickened basement membrane, loss or dysfunction of glial cells, and loss/change of EC Glycocalyx. (medscape.com)
Diabetes and hyperglycaemia have obvious effects on intraocular vascular endothelial cell (EC) permeability, adhesion to leukocytes, as well as angiogenesis. (medscape.com)
Conclusions: The data from this study indicate that in children with severe infection, serum levels of markers of endothelial cell activation are not associated with a positive blood culture. (rug.nl)
Research using physiological degrees of PAI-1 uncovered it stimulates endothelial cell (EC) migration and proliferation through its anti-protease activity and its own capability to bind to vitronectin leading to EC to migrate in the vitronectin-rich perivascular space towards fibronectin-rich tumor stroma [6, 7]. (exposed-skin-care.net)

High levels of ET-1 and its receptors are expressed in both endothelial cells and circulating in the blood of SSc patients. (degruyter.com)
Although a recent study revealed that homologs of netrin and its receptors are required for regeneration and maintenance of the planarian central nervous system (CNS), the roles of cell adhesion in the formation and maintenance of the planarian neural network remain poorly understood. (edu.sa)
These results define a novel role for Ia molecules as signal transducing receptors that regulate LFA-1-dependent adhesion via a putative, Ia-coupled protein kinase(s). (silverchair.com)
The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses contains protrusions that will only bind to certain receptors on the host cell. (bioss.com.cn)
Cell surface receptors ( membrane receptors , transmembrane receptors ) are receptors at the surface of a cell (built into its cell membrane ) that act in cell signaling by receiving (binding to) extracellular molecules . (ipfs.io)
Adalimumab is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody specific for human tumour necrosis factor (TNF).Adalimumab binds specifically to TNF and neutralises the biological function of TNF by blocking its interaction with the p55 and p75 cell surface TNF receptors. (ecco-ibd.eu)

The CD56 is a neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) expressed in natural killer cells. (ashpublications.org)
During regular improvement, the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM changes on the cell-surface from a sialic acid-rich embryonic, or E kind, to a number of adult, or A forms which have much less sialic acid (E-to-A conversion). (stephenkrempl.com)

More specifically, we are studying the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and chemokines in unaffected and tumor tissues, and how these shape the repertoire of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. (gu.se)

Stimulation of hRVECs with VEGF 165 , TNFα, or IL-1β for 6 to 24 hours caused significant induction of intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression. (elsevier.com)
In addition, the protein in the cell membrane can be cut at a specific location, releasing a piece called the intracellular domain (EpICD), which helps relay signals from outside the cell to the nucleus of the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
Comp23 treatment reduced the H 2 O 2 -induced intracellular accumulation of ROS, thus preserving the integrity of the cytoskeleton and also the viability of the FHs74Int cells. (hindawi.com)
These mechanisms altogether moderate the oxidative damage of intracellular macromolecules, promote repair processes, and enhance the viability of the affected cells. (hindawi.com)
Stable depletion of L1 led to a significant decrease in GBC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as decreased intracellular signaling through AKT and FAK. (kribb.re.kr)
The intracellular (or cytoplasmic ) domain of the receptor interacts with the interior of the cell or organelle, relaying the signal. (ipfs.io)

Determination of soluble adhesion molecules and ET-1 in serum SSc patients could be one of the laboratory markers for evaluating SSc activity and disease prognosis. (degruyter.com)
Increased maternal plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin) in preeclampsia. (ac.ir)

Significance Selectins and integrins are receptor proteins on cell surfaces responsible for adhesion to extracellular biomolecules, a critical component of physiological processes like white blood cell localization at sites of inflammation. (semanticscholar.org)
Instead, we found that dendritic cells residing in the lymph node medulla use the lectin receptor SIGN-R1 to capture lymph-borne influenza virus and promote humoral immunity. (nih.gov)
The receptor critical for sickle cell adhesion to laminin. (duke.edu)
Previously reported overexpression of B-CAM/LU by epithelial cancer cells suggests that this protein may also serve as a laminin receptor in malignant tumors. (duke.edu)
Background: Platelet activation by collagen depends on signals transduced by the glycoprotein (GP)VI-Fc receptor (FcR)-chain collagen receptor complex, which involves recruitment of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to phosphorylated tyrosines in the linker for activation of T cells (LAT). (reading.ac.uk)
It's been reported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. (bioss.com.cn)
S1 mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor. (bioss.com.cn)
attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection (By similarity). (bioss.com.cn)
Binding to human ACE2 receptor and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational changes in the Spike glycoprotein (PubMed:32142651, PubMed:32075877, PubMed:32155444). (bioss.com.cn)
Additionally, a second cleavage leads to the release of a fusion peptide after viral attachment to host cell receptor (By similarity). (bioss.com.cn)
Differential expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) by conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DC (pDCs) has been suggested to influence the type of immune response induced by microbial pathogens. (rupress.org)
they react with the receptor to induce changes in the metabolism and activity of a cell. (ipfs.io)
Each cell membrane can have several kinds of membrane receptor, in varying surface distribution. (ipfs.io)
A specific receptor may also be differently distributed on different membrane surfaces, depending on the membrane sort and cell function. (ipfs.io)
Rotation Model: Ligand binding to the extracellular part of the receptor induces the rotation of the receptor's transmembrane region inside the cell membrane, in doing so regulate it's activity inside the cell. (ipfs.io)

Here we describe how we alter gene expression in polyoma middle T antigen immortalized microvascular endothelial cells isolated from wild-type and genetically modified mice to study the role of cell adhesion molecules in downstream assays. (uea.ac.uk)
Solid phase assays demonstrate that B-CAM/LU binds laminin on intact sickle red cells and that red cell B-CAM/LU binds immobilized laminin, whereas another putative laminin binding protein, CD44, does not. (duke.edu)
We further confirmed that they function as cell adhesion molecules using cell aggregation assays. (edu.sa)
Cell viability was measured by MTT, LDH, and Annexin V apoptosis assays. (hindawi.com)
CHIR 99021 is a small organic molecule that inhibits GSK3α and GSK3β by competing for their ATP-binding sites.In vitro kinase assays reveal that CHIR 99021 specifically inhibits GSK3β (IC50=~5 nM) and GSK3α (IC50=~10 nM), with little effect on other kinases[2]. (dcchemicals.com)

Cytokine-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) was assessed by Western blot. (elsevier.com)
Next, we examined the relative expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in adult goat brain and retina. (frontiersin.org)

We have determined the phenotype of the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B by flow cytometry. (uab.edu)
In the present study, we investigated the role of increased PARK7 level on the epithelial cell and mucosal integrity of the small intestine. (hindawi.com)

Membrane proteins that mediate immune cell-cell interactions fall into different categories, namely those involved in antigen recognition, costimulation and cellular adhesion. (kegg.jp)
Some S oligomers are transported to the host plasma membrane, where they may mediate cell-cell fusion. (bioss.com.cn)
Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. (bvsalud.org)
These cell adhesion molecules (CAM) will mediate the contact between two cells or between cells and the extracellular matrix, an essential process to the success of the implant. (bvsalud.org)

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are (glyco)proteins expressed on the cell surface and play a critical role in a wide array of biologic processes that include hemostasis, the immune response, inflammation, embryogenesis, and development of neuronal tissue. (kegg.jp)
Expression of tetanus toxin light chain (which cleaves neuronal synaptobrevin) and genetic mosaics were used to analyze neuropil pattern formation and levels of selected neural adhesion molecules in the optic lobe. (fu-berlin.de)
Our results demonstrate the requirement of neuronal synaptobrevin for regulation of cell adhesion molecules and development of the fine structure of the optic lobe. (fu-berlin.de)
Immunofluorescence staining revealed that approximately 30-40% of cultured cells expressed neuronal markers. (frontiersin.org)
Functional analyses using RNA interference revealed that DjCAM is partly involved in axon formation, and that DjDSCAM plays crucial roles in neuronal cell migration, axon outgrowth, fasciculation and projection. (edu.sa)
tein, and neuronal cell adhesion molecule mRNA were also increased in olfactory bulb. (cdc.gov)

Finally, transfection of murine erythroleukemia cells with human B-CAM cDNA induces binding of both soluble and immobilized laminin. (duke.edu)
Engagement of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules induces sustained, lymphocyte function-associated molecule 1-dependent cell adhesion. (silverchair.com)

Sirtuins might therefore be of therapeutic significance, as they are overexpressed in cancer cells, and sirtuin inhibitors inhibit the development of thymic lymphomas in murine models. (silverchair.com)

In addition, DCs treated with NPs or with cIBR-NPs stimulated the proliferation of T cells, but DCs treated with LABL-NPs did not stimulate T cell proliferation. (ku.edu)
EpICD travels to the nucleus and joins with other proteins, forming a group (complex) that regulates the activity of several genes that are involved in many cell processes, including growth and division (proliferation), maturation (differentiation), and movement (migration), all of which are important processes for the proper development of cells and tissues. (medlineplus.gov)

Stress stimuli or growth factor deprivation promotes nuclear localization and activation of FoxO proteins, which-depending on the cellular context-can lead to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. (jbc.org)
This paradoxical aftereffect of PAI-1 provides since been described by its pro-angiogenic activity and its own protective influence on cell apoptosis. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Apoptotic cells (early apoptotic Annexin V+/PI- PF-2341066 cells and past due apoptotic Annexin V+/PI+ cells) had been examined using the Annexin V FITC apoptosis recognition package I (BD) based on the producers suggestions. (exposed-skin-care.net)
CHIR99021 treatment significantly blocks crypt apoptosis and accumulation of p-H2AX+ cells, and improves crypt regeneration and villus height. (dcchemicals.com)
CHIR99021 treatment increases Lgr5+ cell survival by blocking apoptosis, and effectively prevents the reduction of Olfm4, Lgr5 and CD44 as early as 4 h[4]. (dcchemicals.com)

In order to be effective and integrated to the receiving area, the bone graft is required to allow a strong cell adhesion, interacting with several molecules to induce migration, differentiation, and thus the mineralization of the new bone on the graft. (bvsalud.org)
Although TLR ligands induced in situ migration of spleen cDC into the T cell area, spleen pDCs formed clusters in the marginal zone and in the outer T cell area 6 h after injection of TLR9 and TLR7 ligands, respectively. (rupress.org)
This family is involved in a wide range of cellular responses, including cytoskeletal reorganization, regulation of transcription, cell migration, cellular transformation and metastasis. (cytoskeleton.com)
The following parameters were evaluated: cell migration, cytokine profile, IgE levels, lung histological modifications and MAPK activation. (bvsalud.org)
RESULTS: At first, it was observed that ouabain reduced OVA-induced cell migration into the lung, observed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counting and lung histological analysis (HE stain). (bvsalud.org)

Primary isolates of bronchial epithelial cells produced detectable levels of VCAM-1 protein and mRNA as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. (uab.edu)
Specificity: This antibody recognizes a 130kDa protein known as the Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule. (scytek.com)
Basal cell adhesion molecule/lutheran protein. (duke.edu)
Thus, B-CAM/LU appears to be the major laminin-binding protein of sickle red cells. (duke.edu)
Adhesion was affected by a qualitative change in LFA-1 molecules and was reversed by the protein kinase C inhibitor sphingosine. (silverchair.com)
The EPCAM gene provides instructions for making a protein known as epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM). (medlineplus.gov)
This protein is found in epithelial cells, which are the cells that line the surfaces and cavities of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
The EpCAM protein is found spanning the membrane that surrounds epithelial cells, where it helps cells stick to one another (cell adhesion). (medlineplus.gov)
The extra methyl groups attached to the MSH2 promoter reduce the expression of the MSH2 gene, which means that less protein is produced in epithelial cells. (medlineplus.gov)
loss of this protein prevents proper DNA repair, and errors accumulate as the cells continue to divide. (medlineplus.gov)
Although trans-synaptic adhesion substances induce the forming of glutamatergic CNS synapses [5 6 it really is unclear when these substances 1st accumulate at synapses in accordance with other synaptic protein and what sort of single kind of cell adhesion molecule (CAM) can recruit multiple types of synaptic protein to fresh synapses with specific mechanisms and period courses. (globaltechbiz.com)
can be regulated by relationships between your trans-synaptic CAMs β-neurexin (β-NRX) and neuroligin (Nlg) [6 18 Although a little percentage of glutamatergic synapses can develop at steady pre-existing Nlg1 clusters connected with scaffolding molecule complexes [13] the dynamics of Nlg1 before synaptogenesis as well as the timing of Nlg1 build up for the most part axodendritic contacts in accordance with other postsynaptic protein remains unfamiliar. (globaltechbiz.com)
Just like nectin protein, TSLC1 can be indicated in the man testis robustly, where it really is localized to germ cells (Wakayama et al, 2003). (insulin-receptor.info)
An interaction between the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K and the scaffolding molecule Grb-2-associated binding protein-1 (Gab1), which is regulated by binding of the Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) to Gab1, has been shown in other cell types to sustain PI3K activity to elicit cellular responses. (reading.ac.uk)
In an attempt to understand the molecular basis of carcinogenesis induced by these particles, we investigated the potential activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) by crocidolite and freshly fractured or aged crystalline silica in a JB6 P + cell line stably transfected with AP-1-luciferase reporter plasmid (in vitro) and in AP-1-luciferase reporter transgenic mice (in vivo). (cdc.gov)
S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity. (bioss.com.cn)
2B4, the natural killer and T cell immunoglobulin superfamily surface protein, is a ligand for CD48. (hcdm.org)
Zinc finger (Znf) domains are relatively small protein motifs which contain multiple finger-like protrusions that make tandem contacts with their target molecule. (embl.de)

Therefore, modulating cell-cell interactions through cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) such as cadherins, neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) and L1, may be a potential alternative to improve nerve regeneration. (ntu.edu.sg)
The main reported mechanisms involve cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and extracellular matrix components. (bvsalud.org)

Integrin cell adhesion molecules and colorectal cancer. (ox.ac.uk)
An overview of how integrin function is regulated from both a biochemical and a mechanical perspective, affecting integrin cell-surface availability, binding properties, activation or clustering is provided, and how this biomechanical regulation allows integrins to respond to different ECM physicochemical properties and signals. (semanticscholar.org)

High levels of soluble activated endothelial substances suggest that endothelial cells are highly activated. (who.int)

For circulating leukocytes to enter inflamed tissue or peripheral lymphoid organs, the cells must adhere to and transmigrate between endothelial cells lining blood vessel wall by binding of LFA-1 on leukocytes to ICAM-1 on endothelial cells. (ku.edu)
In addition, interaction of LFA-1 expressed on T cells and ICAM-1 expressed on antigen presenting cells (APCs) is crucial for immunological synapse formation and hence T cell activation. (ku.edu)
Clustering of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 by multivalent ligands increases binding avidity of these cell adhesion molecules. (ku.edu)
The cellular uptake of cLABL conjugated NPs (cLABL-NPs) by lung carcinoma epithelial cells upregulating ICAM-1 was significantly more rapid than control NPs. (ku.edu)
Cell studies suggested that cLABL-NPs targeted encapsulated doxorubicin to ICAM-1 expressing cells and provided sustained release of doxorubicin. (ku.edu)
In chapter 4, nanoparticles capable of blocking LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction were then studied as inhibitors of T cell conjugation to DCs. (ku.edu)
LABL-NPs and cIBR-NPs rapidly bound to DCs and inhibited T cell conjugation to DCs to a greater extent than the free peptides, unconjugated NPs, anti-ICAM-1 antibodies and anti-LFA-1 antibodies. (ku.edu)
Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs), which can bind infected erythrocytes via ICAM-1 and CD36, have a more complex pattern of signaling behavior, but this is also dependent on adhesive interactions rather than merely contact between cells. (ox.ac.uk)
For the SCIP assay, human coronary artery endothelial cells (hCAECs) were incubated with 5% serum in media from individual subjects for 4 h. qPCR was performed to assess endothelial inflammatory transcript (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-8, P-selectin, CCL5, and CXCL12) responses to serum. (cdc.gov)
Human CD50 (ICAM-3) is an adhesion molecule that interacts with LFA-1 (CD18/CD11a) and provides a costimulatory signal for T cells (1, 2, 3) which is thought to be essential for initiation of immune responses. (ancell.com)
Antibody 186-2G9 recognizes the D1 domain of the ICAM-3 molecule of 130 kd (4). (ancell.com)

In the present study, we found primitive immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules (IgCAMs) in a planarian that are homologous to vertebrate neural IgCAMs. (edu.sa)

Close homologue of L1 (CHL1) is a transmembrane cell adhesion molecule that is critical for brain development and for the maintenance of neural circuits in adults. (monash.edu)

Specific depletion or overexpression of L1 in the GBC cell lines JCRB1033 and SNU-308, respectively, was achieved by lentivirus-mediated transduction and expression of an L1 mRNA-specific short hairpin RNA or full-length human L1. (kribb.re.kr)

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Mucosal Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (MAdCAM1) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, urine and other biological fluids. (bioemm.com)

Majority of these approaches only focus on growth factors and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. (ntu.edu.sg)

In endothelial cells (ECs), they further regulate angiogenesis and may promote inflammation and vessel destabilization implicating a role of FoxOs in vascular diseases. (jbc.org)
They regulate self-reactive T cells by inducing anergy and clonal deletion and/or by expanding regulatory T cells ( 1 ). (aai.org)

Immune responses influence patient outcome in most cancer types, and the aim of Marianne Quiding-Järbrink's research is to elucidate the role of different T cell populations in CRC and understand how Treg influence local anti-tumor immunity and lymphocyte recruitment to tumors. (gu.se)
The aim of our project is to elucidate the role of different T cell populations in colorectal carcinoma and understand how Treg influence local anti-tumor immunity and lymphocyte recruitment to tumors. (gu.se)
The ability of regulatory T cells to influence lymphocyte recruitment and T cell effector functions in the tumor microenvironment is determined, and we also perform long-term follow up of patient outcome related to the immunological parameters that we characterize. (gu.se)

We therefore propose that PECAM-1-mediated inhibition of GPVI-dependent platelet responses result, at least in part, from recruitment of SHP-2-p85 complexes to tyrosine-phosphorylated PECAM-1, which diminishes the association of PI3K with activatory signaling molecules, such as Gab1 and LAT. (reading.ac.uk)

The enhanced cell adhesion observed upon activation of leukocytes is associated with increased surface membrane expression of CD11/CD18, as well as a qualitative upregulation of CD11/CD18 functions. (rupress.org)

We demonstrate here that ligand binding to major histocompatibility complex class II (Ia) molecules also activates LFA-1 function, providing a reciprocal mechanism for the induction of adhesion between T cells and Ia+ APC. (silverchair.com)
DR+ epidermal macrophage induction, and noma in young women: An evaluation of the Langerhans cell depletion. (who.int)

Cold Spring Harbor, NY -- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHLP) announced the release of The Digital Cell: Cell Biology as a Data Science, available on its website in hardcover format. (cshlpress.org)

A major pathway for B cell acquisition of lymph-borne particulate antigens relies on antigen capture by subcapsular sinus macrophages of the lymph node. (nih.gov)
These macrophages, in addition to smooth muscle cells, activate T cells by presenting antigens, including oxidized LDL. (medscape.com)

Neurofascin, L1, NrCAM, NgCAM, and neuroglian are membrane-spanning cell adhesion molecules with conserved cytoplasmic domains that are believed to play important roles in development of the nervous system. (duke.edu)
Live-imaging revealed that retrograde moving APPL vesicles co-traffic with L1-type cell adhesion molecule Neuroglian (Nrg). (figshare.com)

Despite evolutions in the field of medicine, head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains to be one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the leading cause of mortality among males in India. (jomfp.in)
[1] Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a fairly onerous prognosis, with an overall 5-year survival rate ranging from 40% to 58% due to late diagnosis, metastatic behavior and recurrence potential, thus encouraging further research on factors that might modify the disease outcome. (jomfp.in)
Head and throat squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) may be the 6th most common malignancy worldwide and is generally impervious to curative treatment attempts. (cancerhugs.com)
Br J mous cell carcinoma of the skin. (who.int)

We illuminate the many-body effects underlying the structure, formation, and dissolution of cellular adhesion domains in the presence and absence of forces. (semanticscholar.org)
No significant differences in serum levels of the Angiopoietins or soluble cellular adhesion molecules between groups were observed at start of antibiotic treatment nor after 48-72 h. (rug.nl)

Regardless of the particular lineage pathway involved, differentiated human ES cells downregulate sirtuin 1, a histone deacetylase. (silverchair.com)
July 2020 Role of a novel angiogenesis FKBPL-CD44 pathway in preeclampsia risk stratification and mesenchymal stem cell treatment. (drlanamcclements.com)

Neuropil pattern formation and regulation of cell adhesion molecules in Drosophila optic lobe development depend on synaptobrevin. (fu-berlin.de)
The presence and regulation of surface molecules on the airway epithelium, however, is incompletely understood. (uab.edu)
Regulation of orientational order or molecular co-alignment of FA proteins as a mechanism able to precisely tune cell sensitivity to the ECM is identified and relative geometric organization of FA components is suggested as an important regulator of mechanotransduction. (semanticscholar.org)
In cell lineage-tracing studies, Thomas Graf [The Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain] asked how `instructive' transcription factors drive lineage choice in blood cells. (silverchair.com)

The aim of this study was to detect the expression level of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and MicroRNA-21 in peripheral serum of adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome patients and healthy subjects, analyze the correlation between vascular cell adhesion molecule-1/microRNA-21 and the main indicators of polysomnography (apnea-hypopnea index, L-Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen) of subjects. (ijpsonline.com)
To explore the relationship between the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1/microRNA-21 and the severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome and its clinical significance. (ijpsonline.com)
Enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to detect the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression. (ijpsonline.com)
Besides, the serum expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and MicroRNA-21 were increased significantly in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome patients, and the level was positively correlated with the degree of the disease. (ijpsonline.com)
We also demonstrated that vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and MicroRNA-21 had a positive correlation with weight, body mass index and apnea-hypopnea index, whereas a negative correlation with L-Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen. (ijpsonline.com)
Finally, there is a significant positive correlation between vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and MicroRNA-21. (ijpsonline.com)
We have proved that the expression level of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and MicroRNA-21 in serum of subjects is closely related to apnea-hypopnea index and L-Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen, which can reflect the severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome and may become a new biological observation index for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome. (ijpsonline.com)
Circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, and normal pregnancy: evidence of selective dysregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 homeostasis in pre-eclampsia. (ac.ir)
VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule. (cdc.gov)

These studies are particularly important as several immunomodulatory therapies aimed at promoting anti-tumor T cell immunity by reducing Treg activity are currently being implemented, so-called checkpoint blockade therapy. (gu.se)
Immune responses influence patient outcome in most cancer types, and the most important cell types for anti-tumor immunity are cytotoxic and cytokine producing lymphocytes. (gu.se)
Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule 1: Testing for a role in insect immunity, behaviour and reproduction. (ista.ac.at)

In the process of signal transduction , ligand binding affects a cascading chemical change through the cell membrane. (ipfs.io)

We discovered that Tslc1 had not been expressed in adult epididymal spermatozoa, recommending it most likely features as an adhesion molecule very important to defining the germ cell-Sertoli cell market required for regular germ cell maturation. (insulin-receptor.info)
Other possible disease-associated genes are involved in the immune system, particularly in the maturation and function of T cells. (medpagetoday.com)

Hypermethylation occurs when too many small molecules called methyl groups are attached to the promoter region. (medlineplus.gov)

Antigenic stimulation is associated with enhanced adhesion between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC). (silverchair.com)

In type 1 diabetes, the body's immune cells obliterate pancreatic islets, where insulin is produced. (diabetesresearchconnection.org)

B rain microvascular endothelial cells also display CD48. (hcdm.org)

Antioxidants are natural substances that help prevent damage to cells in your body. (rantrovehoney.in)

The fact that Hodgkin's cells are capable of binding lymphocytes has been observed both in vivo and in vitro. (elsevier.com)
However, many in vitro protocols, particularly those of a biochemical nature, require large numbers of endothelial cells. (uea.ac.uk)
Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: immunoprecipitation 1-3 , complement-dependent cytotoxicity 4 , in vivo and in vitro blocking of adhesion 1-3,5 , and immunohistochemical staining of acetone-fixed frozen sections and zinc-fixed paraffin-embedded sections 6 . (biolegend.com)
Background The cell adhesion molecule set neuroligin1 (Nlg1) and β-neurexin (β-NRX) is normally a robust inducer of postsynaptic differentiation of glutamatergic synapses in vitro . (globaltechbiz.com)
In in vitro studies, crocidolite asbestos caused a dose- and time-dependent AP-1 activation in JB6+ cells, which persisted for at least 72 h. (cdc.gov)
2012) reported on human skin penetration of cobalt nanoparticles through intact and damaged skin suggesting that Co applied as NPs is able to penetrate the human skin in an in-vitro diffusion cell system. (malvernpanalytical.com)

risk of basal and squamous cell skin cancer. (who.int)

2020. Cell Res. (biolegend.com)
Aug 2020 Mechanisms of Key Innate Immune Cells in Early- and Late-Onset Preeclampsia. (drlanamcclements.com)
May 2020 Can Stem Cells Beat COVID-19: Advancing Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles Toward Mainstream Medicine for Lung Injuries Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infections. (drlanamcclements.com)
May 2020 Emerging therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in preeclampsia. (drlanamcclements.com)

In conclusion, the co-ordinated expression of immunologically relevant cell surface molecules on primary NSCLC is a frequent event that correlates with distinct parameters of favourable prognosis. (eurekamag.com)

June 2021 Stem cell-based approaches in cardiac tissue engineering: controlling the microenvironment for autologous cells. (drlanamcclements.com)
March 2021 Simple-to-Operate Approach for Single Cell Analysis Using a Hydrophobic Surface and Nanosized Droplets. (drlanamcclements.com)
Jan 2021 GSTM1 Modulates Expression of Endothelial Adhesion Molecules in Uremic Milieu. (drlanamcclements.com)

VCAM-1 on stimulated BEAS-2B was functionally active as determined by adhesion of purified eosinophils and blockade with specific antibodies. (uab.edu)

It is expressed on hematopoietic cells include lymphocytes 1,2 , mast cells 3 , neutrophils 2 , eosinophils 4 , NK cells 5 , monocytes 1,2 , some dendritic cells 6 ,some hematopoietic progenitors 7 and macrophages 8 . (hcdm.org)
There the microbe encounters the alveolar macrophage (AMac) and submucosal dendritic cell (DC). (intechopen.com)
Dendritic cells (DCs) constitutively sample self-Ags and migrate to draining LNs even in the steady state. (aai.org)

Recent studies have demonstrated that the cell adhesion molecule, L1, is expressed in several malignant tumor types and its expression correlates with tumor progression and metastasis. (kribb.re.kr)
Regulatory T cells (Treg), on the other hand, can inhibit the function of cells with anti-tumor activity and thereby help the tumor to escape immune recognition. (gu.se)
The mast cell tumor necrosis factor alpha response to FimH-expressing Escherichia coli is mediated by the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule CD48. (hcdm.org)
Right here we tested the experience of TM5275 and TM5441 against a big variety of individual tumor cell lines as well as the pre-clinical efficiency of TM5441 in HT1080 and HCT116 tumor-bearing mice. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Our data show the apoptotic aftereffect of these inhibitors against many tumor cell lines but indicate their present limited activity when utilized alone tests. (exposed-skin-care.net)

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that are at least partially embedded in the plasma membrane. (mcw.edu)
This report presents biochemical evidence that the cytoplasmic domains of these molecules associate directly with ankyrins, a family of spectrin-binding proteins located on the cytoplasmic surface of specialized plasma membrane domains. (duke.edu)
Linkage of these ankyrin-binding cell adhesion molecules to spectrin-based structures may provide a major class of membrane-cytoskeletal connections in adult brain as well as earlier stages of development. (duke.edu)
The anatomic changes include EC damage-death or dysfunction, pericyte loss or dysfunction, thickened basement membrane, loss or dysfunction of glial cells, and loss/change of EC Glycocalyx. (medscape.com)
They are specialized integral membrane proteins that allow communication between the cell and the outside world. (ipfs.io)

As another important component in nerve tissues, the potential of modulating cell-cell interactions as a strategy to promote regeneration has been overlooked. (ntu.edu.sg)
Within the central nervous system, there are considerably more cell-cell communications as compared to cell-ECM interactions, since the ECM only contributes 10%-20% of the total tissue volume. (ntu.edu.sg)

In this respect, TSLC1 can be named SynCAM1 predicated on its part in synaptic firm (Biederer et al, 2002) and IGSF4 predicated on its recognition in man gonadal cells (Wakayama et al, 2003). (insulin-receptor.info)

Benefits of honey- Honey has also been shown to activate enzymes that break down adhesion molecules on mast cells in order to decrease their ability to cause allergic reactions (1). (rantrovehoney.in)

The hypothesized existence of cancer stem cells (CSC) and its markers aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), CD44, SOX2 and OCT4 in oral dysplastic tissues provides the potential for a more reliable assessment of malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). (jomfp.in)
The antioxidants in honey help fight free radicals that cause damage to cells and tissues around your body. (rantrovehoney.in)
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) or, more accurately, tertiary lymphoid tissues are accumulations of lymphoid cells that arise in the adult. (aai.org)
The new study builds on the lab's discovery in 1999 that C. glabrata sticks to cells that line mucosal tissues and blood vessels thanks to the products of genes dubbed EPAs by Cormack's team. (news-medical.net)

However, we have no evidence that the immune response facilitated by these molecules can effectively influence the clinical course of the disease. (eurekamag.com)
Another possible explanation is that UC occurs when the immune system malfunctions and attacks the cells of the intestines, causing inflammation. (medpagetoday.com)
Researchers at Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) studying mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) - a cell type useful in treating immune-related diseases - have uncovered a way to enhance and prolong the cells' therapeutic effects in a preclinical model of type 1 diabetes. (diabetesresearchconnection.org)
MSCs are a type of adult stem cell with potent immune-suppressing and anti-inflammatory effects. (diabetesresearchconnection.org)
To get intravenously administered MSCs to the sites of the immune attack, the research team engineered the HCELL homing molecule to steer them toward the inflamed pancreatic islets. (diabetesresearchconnection.org)
Sackstein, co-corresponding author of the study, concluded that while further studies of the effects of MSCs are warranted, the preclinical study represents an important step in the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of type 1 diabetes and other immune-related diseases. (diabetesresearchconnection.org)
DCs are potent APCs that initiate T cell-dependent immune responses ( 1 ). (rupress.org)
Benefits of honey- Honey can be used to treat diarrhea because it contains many trace minerals that help strengthen your immune system by boosting white blood cell production. (rantrovehoney.in)
The outcome of the ensuing battle will determine whether the infection will remain locally limited within the engulfing cells of the innate immune system, or will continue to spread, causing the individual to become a clinically active TB patient [ 1 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. (intechopen.com)

I. Blood methanol concentration and neural cell adhesion molecules. (cdc.gov)
They bind Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) modifying cellular ion concentration and trigger cell signaling mechanisms without altering ion balance. (bvsalud.org)

HMEC-1 is an endothelial-like cell that was isolated from the endothelium of the foreskin of a male patient. (atcc.org)
Thus the adhesion of unnatural ruddy bloodA cellA (RBC) A toA the endothelium has been proposed as the likely initiatingA event of vasoocclusion, however the fluctuations in the endothelium activationA province may modulate the unpredictable happening of the major complications. (freebooksummary.com)

Anatomy42

Organisms10

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs116

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Expression of trophinin, tastin, and bystin by trophoblast and endometrial cells in human placenta. (1/9582)

Mycophenolate mofetil prevents the progressive renal failure induced by 5/6 renal ablation in rats. (2/9582)

A cell-surface superoxide dismutase is a binding protein for peroxinectin, a cell-adhesive peroxidase in crayfish. (3/9582)

Interaction of lipopolysaccharide with human small intestinal lamina propria fibroblasts favors neutrophil migration and peripheral blood mononuclear cell adhesion by the production of proinflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules. (4/9582)

CD28 ligation induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2 but not Fak in Jurkat T cells. (5/9582)

Similarities and differences in RANTES- and (AOP)-RANTES-triggered signals: implications for chemotaxis. (6/9582)

Expression of intercellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 in human endometrium: regulation by interferon-gamma. (7/9582)

Characterization of prethymic progenitors within the chicken embryo. (8/9582)

Cell Adhesion Molecules

Cell Adhesion

Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules

Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal

Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1

Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule

E-Selectin

Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex

Cadherins

Integrins

Endothelium, Vascular

Cells, Cultured

Cell Movement

Antigens, CD31

Sialic Acids

Molecular Sequence Data

Antigens, CD

Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuron-Glia

Focal Adhesions

Tissue Adhesions

P-Selectin

Integrin alpha4beta1

Cell Aggregation

Antigens, CD146

Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Amino Acid Sequence

Contactin 2

Cell Line

Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing

Fibronectins

Leukocytes

Protein Binding

Contactins

Signal Transduction

Antigens, Surface

Endothelial Cells

Immunoglobulins

Immunohistochemistry

Focal Adhesion Kinase 1

Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Antigens, CD18

Junctional Adhesion Molecules

Membrane Glycoproteins

Cell Communication

L-Selectin

Umbilical Veins

Bacterial Adhesion

Antigens, CD29

RNA, Messenger

Integrin alpha4

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Neurites

Transfection

Base Sequence

Membrane Proteins

Mucoproteins

Flow Cytometry

Chick Embryo

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Selectins

Laminin

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Cell Membrane

Monocytes

Mice, Knockout

Up-Regulation

Receptors, Very Late Antigen

Intercellular Junctions

Gene Expression Regulation

Extracellular Matrix

Recombinant Proteins

Blotting, Western

Sialyltransferases

Cytoskeletal Proteins

Inflammation