Cefmetazole
Cephamycins
Cefotetan
Ceftizoxime
A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic which can be administered intravenously or by suppository. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It has few side effects and is reported to be safe and effective in aged patients and in patients with hematologic disorders.
Carbapenems
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Enterobacteriaceae
A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Biological Science Disciplines
All of the divisions of the natural sciences dealing with the various aspects of the phenomena of life and vital processes. The concept includes anatomy and physiology, biochemistry and biophysics, and the biology of animals, plants, and microorganisms. It should be differentiated from BIOLOGY, one of its subdivisions, concerned specifically with the origin and life processes of living organisms.
Commerce
The interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale, between different countries or between populations within the same country. It includes trade (the buying, selling, or exchanging of commodities, whether wholesale or retail) and business (the purchase and sale of goods to make a profit). (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, p411, p2005 & p283)
Marketing of Health Services
Bedding and Linens
beta-Lactamases
Vitamin K
A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (phytomenadione) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K.
Vitamin K 1
A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.
Vitamin K Deficiency
Phenytoin
An anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs.
Vitamins
Warfarin
An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.
Vitamin A
Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.
Vitamin K 2
Sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations of cefmetazole enhance serum bactericidal activity in vitro by amplifying poly-C9 deposition. (1/42)
Serum-resistant organisms grown in sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (subMICs) of antibiotics in vitro may be rendered sensitive to complement-mediated, serum bactericidal activity. We measured 125I-C3 and 125I-C9 deposition on genetically serum resistant Salmonella montevideo SH5770 (SH5770) that was rendered serum sensitive by growth in sub-MICs of cefmetazole (CMZ), a parenteral, second generation, cephamycin-group antibiotic. Three times as much C3 and over six times as much C9 bound to SH5770 grown in one-fourth the MIC of CMZ compared to broth-grown bacteria. SDS-PAGE analysis and autoradiography showed that neither the ratio of C3b:iC3b (approximately 1:2.5) nor the nature of the C3-bacterial bond was changed by growing the organisms in CMZ. Large amounts of complement membrane attack complexes containing poly-C9 were seen only on CMZ-grown SH5770 by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. Poly-C9 was also detected only on CMZ-grown bacteria by indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA using a murine monoclonal antibody directed against a neoantigen of poly-C9. Bacterial hydrophobicity increased after growth in CMZ, and transmission electron micrographs of CMZ-grown SH5770 showed cell wall disruption and blebbing. These results indicate that growth in subMICs of CMZ increases bacterial hydrophobic domains available for interacting with the membrane attack complex, C5b-9, allowing formation and stable insertion of bactericidal complexes containing poly-C9. (+info)Inhibition of biliary cholesterol and phospholipid secretion by cefmetazole. The role of vesicular transport and of canalicular events. (2/42)
A number of organic anions selectively inhibit the biliary secretion of cholesterol and phospholipids without affecting bile acid secretion. We studied the effect of cefmetazole, a third-generation cephalosporin, on biliary lipid secretion in the rat. Injection of cefmetazole at a dose of 200 mumol/kg body wt. induced a choleretic effect and a significant decrease in the biliary output of cholesterol and phospholipid, without changes in bile acid secretion. The decrease was more marked for cholesterol than for phospholipid secretion, with a significant decrease in their molar ratio in bile. The effects were apparently unrelated to an inhibition of intracellular vesicular transport because, after injection of horseradish peroxidase, both the time course and total amount secreted of the protein did not significantly differ between control animals and those receiving cefmetazole. The secretory rate of the lysosomal marker acid phosphatase was not affected by cefmetazole administration. Biliary outputs of the plasma-membrane enzymes alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase were significantly decreased by the antibiotic. These results point to an effect of cefmetazole at the level of the canalicular membrane. (+info)Verification of cefmetazole and cefpodoxime proxetil contamination to other pharmaceuticals by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. (3/42)
Cross-contamination is a critical issue for pharmaceutical manufacturing, especially for beta-lactam antibiotics. Thus, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of beta-lactam antibiotics cefmetazole (CMZ) and cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDXPR) contaminants in non-beta-lactam pharmaceuticals was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The developed method was found to be sensitive at the detection limit of 0.002 ppm for both compounds. Mean recoveries of CMZ and CPDXPR from olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) tablets were 96.7 to 102.2% and 88.9 to 94.2%, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the verification of CMZ and CPDXPR contamination to actually manufactured OLM tablets. (+info)Humanization of excretory pathway in chimeric mice with humanized liver. (4/42)
The liver of a chimeric urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)(+/+)/severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse line recently established in Japan could be replaced by more than 80% with human hepatocytes. We previously reported that the chimeric mice with humanized liver could be useful as a human model in studies on drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. In the present study, the humanization of an excretory pathway was investigated in the chimeric mice. Cefmetazole (CMZ) was used as a probe drug. The CMZ excretions in urine and feces were 81.0 and 5.9% of the dose, respectively, in chimeric mice and were 23.7 and 59.4% of the dose, respectively, in control uPA(-/-)/SCID mice. Because CMZ is mainly excreted in urine in humans, the excretory profile of chimeric mice was demonstrated to be similar to that of humans. In the chimeric mice, the hepatic mRNA expression of human drug transporters could be quantified. On the other hand, the hepatic mRNA expression of mouse drug transporters in the chimeric mice was significantly lower than in the control uPA(-/-)/SCID mice. In conclusion, chimeric mice exhibited a humanized profile of drug excretion, suggesting that this chimeric mouse line would be a useful animal model in excretory studies. (+info)Susceptibilities of Mycobacterium fortuitum biovar. fortuitum and the two subgroups of Mycobacterium chelonae to imipenem, cefmetazole, cefoxitin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. (5/42)
MICs of imipenem, cefoxitin, cefmetazole, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were determined against 100 strains of Mycobacterium fortuitum and 200 strains of Mycobacterium chelonae. Imipenem and cefmetazole were more active against M. fortuitum than cefoxitin was, and imipenem (which inhibited 39% of strains at 8 micrograms/ml) was the only beta-lactam active against M. chelonae subsp. chelonae. (+info)Comparative evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of N-methylthiotetrazole following administration of cefoperazone, cefotetan, and cefmetazole. (6/42)
The comparative pharmacokinetics and in vivo production of N-methylthiotetrazole (NMTT) were evaluated following administration of cefoperazone, cefotetan, and cefmetazole. In a randomized-crossover manner, 11 healthy male volunteers received single 2-g intravenous doses of each agent and serial blood and urine samples were collected. Concentrations of NMTT and the parent compound in plasma, urine, and the reconstituted antibiotic solution were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The amounts of NMTT administered were 6.06 +/- 0.46, 14.4 +/- 0.87, and 17.4 +/- 1.06 mg for cefoperazone, cefotetan, and cefmetazole, respectively (P less than 0.05). The mean NMTT plasma concentration-time profiles following administration of each cephalosporin were markedly different. Six hours after dosing, NMTT concentrations in plasma following cefoperazone administration were higher than those following administration of cefmetazole and cefotetan. Urinary recoveries of NMTT averaged 137.0 +/- 37.1, 38.3 +/- 6.98, and 25.2 +/- 5.95 mg following administration of cefoperazone, cefotetan, and cefmetazole, respectively (P less than 0.01). The apparent amount of NMTT produced in vivo, calculated by subtracting the amount of NMTT administered from the amount of NMTT excreted in urine, was significantly lower following cefmetazole administration than after administration of cefoperazone and cefotetan (P less than 0.01). The discrepancy between in vitro NMTT production (cefmetazole greater than cefotetan greater than cefoperazone) and the amount of NMTT formed in vivo and excreted unchanged (cefoperazone greater than cefotetan greater than cefmetazole) suggests that in vivo production of NMTT is dependent on the disposition of the parent cephalosporin. These results further suggest that cephalosporins which undergo extensive biliary excretion, such as cefoperazone, are associated with the greatest amount of in vivo NMTT release, whereas cephalosporins which are primarily renally excreted, such as cefmetazole, are associated with the lowest in vivo production of NMTT. (+info)Effect of ampicillin, cefmetazole and minocycline on the adherence of Branhamella catarrhalis to pharyngeal epithelial cells. (7/42)
Using pharyngeal epithelial cells from a healthy adult and eight strains of Branhamella catarrhalis (B. catarrhalis) isolated from eight patients with respiratory infection the effect of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of cefmetazole, ampicillin and minocycline on adherence was examined. Cefmetazole-treated bacterial attachment (44 +/- 28; mean +/- S.D.) decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) compared to the control (84 +/- 27). Statistically no significant difference in adherence was found between ampicillin-treated bacteria (63 +/- 36) and the control (95 +/- 40) or minocycline-treated bacteria (91 +/- 39) and the control (109 +/- 40). Large bacteria was observed after cefmetazole and ampicillin treatment. In addition to diplococci, tetrads were observed after cefmetazole treatment. Significant correlation between the MICs and adherence ability was not found. The results suggests that these three antibiotics were not responsible for the increase in B. catarrhalis infection by increasing adherence ability. (+info)A successfully treated case of Vibrio vulnificus septicemia with shock. (8/42)
Vibrio vulnificus infection often causes serious or fatal disease. Recently, in Japan there have been numerous reports of Vibrio vulnificus infection. Here, we report a successfully treated case of Vibrio vulnificus septicemia with shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and necrotizing cellulitis in a middle-aged heavy drinker with chronic alcoholic liver disease. On reviewing 38 cases in Japan including ours, the overall mortality rate was 68%. Although the incidence is relatively low, it is recommended to warn patients in the high risk category, such as liver disease patients, to avoid raw fish and shellfish and limit sea water exposure. (+info)
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Cefotetan
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Development and validation of a high-performance size-exclusion chromatography method for polymer determination in cefmetazole ... is more suitable for determination of polymer amount in cefmetazole sodium for injection to control the quality of the product. ... method to determine the amount of polymer in cefmetazole sodium for injection and to compare this method with gel ... and the amount was expressed by the percentage of cefmetazole. The HPSEC method was validated for specificity, linearity, and ...
Cefotetan1
- Some?such as moxalactam, cefoperazone, cefamandole, cefotetan, and cefmetazole?appear to inhibit the formation of clotting factors and indirectly increase the effect of warfarin. (pharmacytimes.com)
Cefoperazone2
- Unlabeled test compounds, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, valsartan, cefmetazole, and cefoperazone exhibited varying degrees of in vitro biliary excretion in the cumulative uptake study using SCRH. (aspetjournals.org)
- Haisco Pharma's firstaid drugs comprise cefotene hydrochloride, sodium fusidate, cefmetazole sodium, cefmenoxime hydrochloride and cefoperazone sodium tazobactam sodium. (bioportfolio.com)
Cefoxitin5
- A prospective, randomized, open comparison of three 1 g doses of cefmetazole with three 2 g doses of cefoxitin for non-elective Caesarean section was performed. (elsevier.com)
- The incidence was the same in both groups, 5/50 (10%) in the cefmetazole group and 2/19 (10.5%) in the cefoxitin group. (elsevier.com)
- Febrile morbidity, as reflected in the fever index, was not significantly different between the groups, 10.2 ± 18.5 degree hours in the cefmetazole group and 7.5 ± 11.7 degree hours in the cefoxitin group. (elsevier.com)
- Cefmetazole to be equivalent to cefoxitin in reducing post-Caesarean section endomyometritis. (elsevier.com)
- Group IV (cephamycins): eg cefoxitin, moxolactam, cefmetazole. (vetstream.com)
Efficacy of meropenem1
- We assessed the in vitro efficacy of meropenem (MEM) and cefmetazole (CMZ) combination treatment against bla KPC-2 -positive Enterobacteriaceae, in comparison with that of double-carbapenem therapy using ertapenem (ERT). (elsevier.com)
Cephamycin1
- Cefmetazole is a cephamycin antibiotic, usually grouped with the second-generation cephalosporins. (wikipedia.org)
Cephalosporins1
- The chemical structure of cefmetazole, like that of several other cephalosporins, contains an N-methylthiotetrazole (NMTT or 1-MTT) side chain. (wikipedia.org)
Cefazolin2
- The binding affinity of cefmetazole for the penicillin-binding protein 2' fraction specific for MR S. aureus was higher than that of methicillin, cloxacillin, cefazolin, and cefotaxime. (core.ac.uk)
- Of the Citrobacter isolates from all episodes, 54% were resistant to cefazolin, and only 18% were susceptible to cefmetazole. (medsci.org)
Antibiotics6
- Cefmetazole is used to study protein mediated transport of antibiotics. (discofinechem.com)
- Cefmetazole (CMZ) is a cephamycin's antibiotics developed in Japan that has high antibacterial activity against gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
- Exposure of cefmetazole plus fosfomycin to exponentially growing cultures at a concentration at which both antibiotics had no bactericidal effect when given alone exerted bactericidal action. (core.ac.uk)
- Till POD2, we used prophylactic antibiotics: cefmetazole 2g/day. (sages.org)
- Other antibiotics were present at mean concentrations below 15 ng L −1 , except cefmetazole, present at a mean concentration of 35.6 ng L −1 . (springer.com)
- 2006. There is no effective M. immunogenum treatment, due to the resistance of the bacterium to a wide variety of antibiotics such as cefmetazole, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline (Jaén-Luchoro et al. (kenyon.edu)
Sodium salt1
- Through the experiments explained below, we used meropenem trihydrate (Tokyo Chemical Industry, Japan, Tokyo) and cefmetazole sodium salt (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, United States) as antibiotic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
Cephalosporin1
- Cefmetazole is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antimicrobial and has been effective in treating bacteria responsible for causing urinary tract and skin infections. (wikipedia.org)
Fosfomycin5
- Antibacterial activity of cefmetazole alone and in combination with fosfomycin against methicillin- and cephem-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (core.ac.uk)
- In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cefmetazole alone and in combination with fosfomycin against methicillin- and cephem-resistant (MR) strains of Staphylococcus aureus were investigated, and the mechanism of synergistic effect between cefmetazole and fosfomycin was also studied. (core.ac.uk)
- the antibacterial activity of cefmetazole against these strains was enhanced approximately 4 times with the addition of fosfomycin at a concentration of 1.56 micrograms/ml. (core.ac.uk)
- A synergy experiment in vitro was performed by checkerboard titration with Mueller-Hinton agar plates containing various concentrations and ratios of cefmetazole and fosfomycin. (core.ac.uk)
- Combined administration of cefmetazole with fosfomycin at a ratio of 1:1 against systemic MR S. aureus infections with mice showed an excellent therapeutic efficacy as compared with administration of either antibiotic alone. (core.ac.uk)
Free acid1
- Cefmetazole, free acid Susceptibility and Concentration Range (μg/ml) Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Data" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
Antimicrobial1
- Few studies have reported the dosage of cefmetazole (CMZ) for intraoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients underwent surgery for colorectal cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Enterobacteriaceae1
- We assessed the efficacy of combination therapy with meropenem (MEM) and cefmetazole (CMZ) against Imipenemase (IMP)-producing CRE, using the checkerboard method and time-killing assay on 13 Enterobacteriaceae isolates harboring bla IMP-1 (4 Enterobacter hormaechei , 5 Escherichia coli , and 4 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates) and 13 isolates harboring bla IMP-6 (8 E. coli and 5 K. pneumoniae isolates). (biomedcentral.com)
Japan1
- 5.2 Market Competition of Cefmetazole Sodium for Injectio Industry by Country (USA, EU, Japan, Chinese etc. (researchmoz.us)
Description1
- What is the definition or description of: Cefmetazole allergy? (healthtap.com)
Status1
- The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Cefmetazole Sodium for Injectio manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry.Firstly, the report provides a basic overview of the industry including its definition, applications and manufacturing technology. (researchmoz.us)
Current1
- The 'Global and Chinese Cefmetazole Sodium for Injectio Industry, 2012-2022 Market Research Report' is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the global Cefmetazole Sodium for Injectio industry with a focus on the Chinese market. (researchmoz.us)
Study1
- Cefmetazole is used to study the effect of expression, binding, and inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins (PDPs) other than PBP2 on bacterial cell wall mucopeptide synthesis. (discofinechem.com)
Include1
- We value your input so if you have suggestions regarding new applications for Cefmetazole Sodium email us and we will include your contribution on the website. (discofinechem.com)
Focus1
- Cefmetazole was not effective, and there was no focus of infection. (springer.com)