cdc25 Phosphatases
CDC2 Protein Kinase
Phosphoprotein with protein kinase activity that functions in the G2/M phase transition of the CELL CYCLE. It is the catalytic subunit of the MATURATION-PROMOTING FACTOR and complexes with both CYCLIN A and CYCLIN B in mammalian cells. The maximal activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 is achieved when it is fully dephosphorylated.
cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein
Cdc20 Proteins
Highly conserved proteins that specifically bind to and activate the anaphase-promoting complex-cyclosome, promoting ubiquitination and proteolysis of cell-cycle-regulatory proteins. Cdc20 is essential for anaphase-promoting complex activity, initiation of anaphase, and cyclin proteolysis during mitosis.
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.
Protein Kinases
MAP Kinase Signaling System
An intracellular signaling system involving the MAP kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn phosphorylate the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade.
CDC2-CDC28 Kinases
Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. This enzyme is also sometimes dependent on CALCIUM. A wide range of proteins can act as acceptor, including VIMENTIN; SYNAPSINS; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS; and the MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p277)
Cell Cycle Proteins
Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.
src-Family Kinases
A PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE family that was originally identified by homology to the Rous sarcoma virus ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(V-SRC). They interact with a variety of cell-surface receptors and participate in intracellular signal transduction pathways. Oncogenic forms of src-family kinases can occur through altered regulation or expression of the endogenous protein and by virally encoded src (v-src) genes.
CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae
p21-Activated Kinases
Protein Kinase C
An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that regulates a variety of cellular processes including CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; APOPTOSIS; and cellular responses to INFLAMMATION. The P38 MAP kinases are regulated by CYTOKINE RECEPTORS and can be activated in response to bacterial pathogens.
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
Phosphorylation
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1
cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
A serine-threonine protein kinase family whose members are components in protein kinase cascades activated by diverse stimuli. These MAPK kinases phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and are themselves phosphorylated by MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES. JNK kinases (also known as SAPK kinases) are a subfamily.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases
Mitosis
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Creatine Kinase
A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.
Cell Cycle
The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.
Genes, cdc
Casein Kinase II
Mutation
Protein Binding
Casein Kinases
A group of protein-serine-threonine kinases that was originally identified as being responsible for the PHOSPHORYLATION of CASEINS. They are ubiquitous enzymes that have a preference for acidic proteins. Casein kinases play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION by phosphorylating a variety of regulatory cytoplasmic and regulatory nuclear proteins.
eIF-2 Kinase
A dsRNA-activated cAMP-independent protein serine/threonine kinase that is induced by interferon. In the presence of dsRNA and ATP, the kinase autophosphorylates on several serine and threonine residues. The phosphorylated enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-2, leading to the inhibition of protein synthesis.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases
A family of protein serine/threonine kinases which act as intracellular signalling intermediates. Ribosomal protein S6 kinases are activated through phosphorylation in response to a variety of HORMONES and INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS. Phosphorylation of RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 by enzymes in this class results in increased expression of 5' top MRNAs. Although specific for RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 members of this class of kinases can act on a number of substrates within the cell. The immunosuppressant SIROLIMUS inhibits the activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinases.
Pyruvate Kinase
Amino Acid Sequence
Cyclin B
MAP Kinase Kinase 1
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
MAP Kinase Kinase 4
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
A superfamily of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein kinase cascades. They are the final components of the cascades, activated by phosphorylation by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES, which in turn are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES).
Thymidine Kinase
Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that is widely expressed and plays a role in regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and post mitotic functions in differentiated cells. The extracellular signal regulated MAP kinases are regulated by a broad variety of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS and can be activated by certain CARCINOGENS.
Enzyme Activation
Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)
1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase
Aurora Kinases
A family of highly conserved serine-threonine kinases that are involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. They are involved in many aspects of cell division, including centrosome duplication, SPINDLE APPARATUS formation, chromosome alignment, attachment to the spindle, checkpoint activation, and CYTOKINESIS.
rho-Associated Kinases
A group of intracellular-signaling serine threonine kinases that bind to RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They were originally found to mediate the effects of rhoA GTP-BINDING PROTEIN on the formation of STRESS FIBERS and FOCAL ADHESIONS. Rho-associated kinases have specificity for a variety of substrates including MYOSIN-LIGHT-CHAIN PHOSPHATASE and LIM KINASES.
Proto-Oncogene Proteins
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
Base Sequence
Schizosaccharomyces
I-kappa B Kinase
Isoenzymes
Transfection
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2
Protein Kinase C-alpha
Blotting, Western
Protein Kinase C-delta
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.
Substrate Specificity
Diacylglycerol Kinase
Tyrosine
Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes
Complexes of enzymes that catalyze the covalent attachment of UBIQUITIN to other proteins by forming a peptide bond between the C-terminal GLYCINE of UBIQUITIN and the alpha-amino groups of LYSINE residues in the protein. The complexes play an important role in mediating the selective-degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins. The complex of enzymes can be broken down into three components that involve activation of ubiquitin (UBIQUITIN-ACTIVATING ENZYMES), conjugation of ubiquitin to the ligase complex (UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYMES), and ligation of ubiquitin to the substrate protein (UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASES).
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
Intracellular signaling protein kinases that play a signaling role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. Their activity largely depends upon the concentration of cellular AMP which is increased under conditions of low energy or metabolic stress. AMP-activated protein kinases modify enzymes involved in LIPID METABOLISM, which in turn provide substrates needed to convert AMP into ATP.
Binding Sites
Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
An E3 ubiquitin ligase primarily involved in regulation of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition during MITOSIS through ubiquitination of specific CELL CYCLE PROTEINS. Enzyme activity is tightly regulated through subunits and cofactors, which modulate activation, inhibition, and substrate specificity. The anaphase-promoting complex, or APC-C, is also involved in tissue differentiation in the PLACENTA, CRYSTALLINE LENS, and SKELETAL MUSCLE, and in regulation of postmitotic NEURONAL PLASTICITY and excitability.
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
G2 Phase
Serine
Phosphoprotein Phosphatases
Cyclins
Focal Adhesion Kinase 1
A non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that is localized to FOCAL ADHESIONS and is a central component of integrin-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. Focal adhesion kinase 1 interacts with PAXILLIN and undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION in response to adhesion of cell surface integrins to the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. Phosphorylated p125FAK protein binds to a variety of SH2 DOMAIN and SH3 DOMAIN containing proteins and helps regulate CELL ADHESION and CELL MIGRATION.
HeLa Cells
Cell Division
Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase
An enzyme that phosphorylates myosin light chains in the presence of ATP to yield myosin-light chain phosphate and ADP, and requires calcium and CALMODULIN. The 20-kDa light chain is phosphorylated more rapidly than any other acceptor, but light chains from other myosins and myosin itself can act as acceptors. The enzyme plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction.
ras-GRF1
Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
rac1 GTP-Binding Protein
A rac GTP-binding protein involved in regulating actin filaments at the plasma membrane. It controls the development of filopodia and lamellipodia in cells and thereby influences cellular motility and adhesion. It is also involved in activation of NADPH OXIDASE. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.
Nuclear Proteins
Janus Kinase 2
A Janus kinase subtype that is involved in signaling from GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTORS; PROLACTIN RECEPTORS; and a variety of CYTOKINE RECEPTORS such as ERYTHROPOIETIN RECEPTORS and INTERLEUKIN RECEPTORS. Dysregulation of Janus kinase 2 due to GENETIC TRANSLOCATIONS have been associated with a variety of MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS.
Models, Biological
Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa
A family of ribosomal protein S6 kinases that are structurally distinguished from RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 KINASES, 70-KDA by their apparent molecular size and the fact they contain two functional kinase domains. Although considered RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 KINASES, members of this family are activated via the MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM and have been shown to act on a diverse array of substrates that are involved in cellular regulation such as RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 and CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN.
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Cloning, Molecular
DNA-Binding Proteins
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Protein Kinase C-epsilon
A protein kinase C subtype that was originally characterized as a CALCIUM-independent, serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHORBOL ESTERS and DIACYLGLYCEROLS. It is targeted to specific cellular compartments in response to extracellular signals that activate G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTORS; and intracellular protein tyrosine kinase.
3T3 Cells
Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.
Cells, Cultured
Precipitin Tests
Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2
A multifunctional calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that occurs as an oligomeric protein comprised of twelve subunits. It differs from other enzyme subtypes in that it lacks a phosphorylatable activation domain that can respond to CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE.
S Phase
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1
Protein Kinase C beta
PKC beta encodes two proteins (PKCB1 and PKCBII) generated by alternative splicing of C-terminal exons. It is widely distributed with wide-ranging roles in processes such as B-cell receptor regulation, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, androgen receptor-dependent transcriptional regulation, insulin signaling, and endothelial cell proliferation.
Immunoblotting
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Carrier Proteins
Threonine
MAP Kinase Kinase 2
Androstadienes
Nucleoside-Phosphate Kinase
TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
A serine threonine kinase that controls a wide range of growth-related cellular processes. The protein is referred to as the target of RAPAMYCIN due to the discovery that SIROLIMUS (commonly known as rapamycin) forms an inhibitory complex with TACROLIMUS BINDING PROTEIN 1A that blocks the action of its enzymatic activity.
Enzyme Inhibitors
Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
Actins
Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.
Cell Nucleus
Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Cyclin B1
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
A broad category of carrier proteins that play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They generally contain several modular domains, each of which having its own binding activity, and act by forming complexes with other intracellular-signaling molecules. Signal-transducing adaptor proteins lack enzyme activity, however their activity can be modulated by other signal-transducing enzymes
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Phosphoglycerate Kinase
Proteins
Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.
rac GTP-Binding Proteins
Cyclic AMP
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8
Phosphorylase Kinase
Arginine Kinase
G1 Phase
Casein Kinase I
A casein kinase that was originally described as a monomeric enzyme with a molecular weight of 30-40 kDa. Several ISOENZYMES of casein kinase I have been found which are encoded by separate genes. Many of the casein kinase I isoenzymes have been shown to play distinctive roles in intracellular SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.
MAP Kinase Kinase 3
Aurora Kinase A
RNA, Small Interfering
Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.
MAP Kinase Kinase 6
Gene Expression Regulation
Protein Transport
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Lim Kinases
Checkpoint Kinase 2
Focal Adhesion Kinase 2
Transcription, Genetic
3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases
Transcription Factors
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase
Phosphotyrosine
Down-Regulation
Adenosine Kinase
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4
DNA Primers
Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa
A family of ribosomal protein S6 kinases that are considered the major physiological kinases for RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6. Unlike RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 KINASES, 90KDa the proteins in this family are sensitive to the inhibitory effects of RAPAMYCIN and contain a single kinase domain. They are referred to as 70kDa proteins, however ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of mRNAs for proteins in this class also results in 85kDa variants being formed.
Two-Hybrid System Techniques
Screening techniques first developed in yeast to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are used to evaluate interplay between proteins and other molecules. Two-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for protein-protein interactions, one-hybrid for DNA-protein interactions, three-hybrid interactions for RNA-protein interactions or ligand-based interactions. Reverse n-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for mutations or other small molecules that dissociate known interactions.
Staurosporine
Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase
An enzyme that is found in mitochondria and in the soluble cytoplasm of cells. It catalyzes reversible reactions of a nucleoside triphosphate, e.g., ATP, with a nucleoside diphosphate, e.g., UDP, to form ADP and UTP. Many nucleoside diphosphates can act as acceptor, while many ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates can act as donor. EC 2.7.4.6.
rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
Fibroblasts
Adenosine Triphosphate
Maturation-Promoting Factor
Protein kinase that drives both the mitotic and meiotic cycles in all eukaryotic organisms. In meiosis it induces immature oocytes to undergo meiotic maturation. In mitosis it has a role in the G2/M phase transition. Once activated by CYCLINS; MPF directly phosphorylates some of the proteins involved in nuclear envelope breakdown, chromosome condensation, spindle assembly, and the degradation of cyclins. The catalytic subunit of MPF is PROTEIN P34CDC2.
Elongation Factor 2 Kinase
A monomeric calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that specifically phosphorylates PEPTIDE ELONGATION FACTOR 2. The enzyme lacks a phosphorylatable activation domain that can respond to CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE, however it is regulated by phosphorylation by PROTEIN KINASE A and through intramolecular autophosphorylation.
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Cell Membrane
Pyridines
Membrane Proteins
MAP Kinase Kinase 7
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27
A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that coordinates the activation of CYCLIN and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES during the CELL CYCLE. It interacts with active CYCLIN D complexed to CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 4 in proliferating cells, while in arrested cells it binds and inhibits CYCLIN E complexed to CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2.
Choline Kinase
Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
Peptide Mapping
Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.
raf Kinases
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Indoles
Phosphothreonine
Xenopus
Cell Survival
Aurora Kinase B
Gene Expression
Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
A diverse class of enzymes that interact with UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYMES and ubiquitination-specific protein substrates. Each member of this enzyme group has its own distinct specificity for a substrate and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Ubiquitin-protein ligases exist as both monomeric proteins multiprotein complexes.
Spindle Apparatus
Cell Movement
Phenotype
DNA, Complementary
Induced expression of p16(INK4a) inhibits both CDK4- and CDK2-associated kinase activity by reassortment of cyclin-CDK-inhibitor complexes. (1/1134)
To investigate the mode of action of the p16(INK4a) tumor suppressor protein, we have established U2-OS cells in which the expression of p16(INK4a) can be regulated by addition or removal of isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. As expected, induction of p16(INK4a) results in a G1 cell cycle arrest by inhibiting phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) by the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. However, induction of p16(INK4a) also causes marked inhibition of CDK2 activity. In the case of cyclin E-CDK2, this is brought about by reassortment of cyclin, CDK, and CDK-inhibitor complexes, particularly those involving p27(KIP1). Size fractionation of the cellular lysates reveals that a substantial proportion of CDK4 participates in active kinase complexes of around 200 kDa. Upon induction of p16(INK4a), this complex is partly dissociated, and the majority of CDK4 is found in lower-molecular-weight fractions consistent with the formation of a binary complex with p16(INK4a). Sequestration of CDK4 by p16(INK4a) allows cyclin D1 to associate increasingly with CDK2, without affecting its interactions with the CIP/KIP inhibitors. Thus, upon the induction of p16(INK4a), p27(KIP1) appears to switch its allegiance from CDK4 to CDK2, and the accompanying reassortment of components leads to the inhibition of cyclin E-CDK2 by p27(KIP1) and p21(CIP1). Significantly, p16(INK4a) itself does not appear to form higher-order complexes, and the overwhelming majority remains either free or forms binary associations with CDK4 and CDK6. (+info)Differential roles for cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p16 in the mechanisms of senescence and differentiation in human fibroblasts. (2/1134)
The irreversible G1 arrest in senescent human diploid fibroblasts is probably caused by inactivation of the G1 cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) complexes responsible for phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb). We show that the Cdk inhibitor p21(Sdi1,Cip1,Waf1), which accumulates progressively in aging cells, binds to and inactivates all cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes in senescent cells, whereas in young cells only p21-free Cdk2 complexes are active. Furthermore, the senescent-cell-cycle arrest occurs prior to the accumulation of the Cdk4-Cdk6 inhibitor p16(Ink4a), suggesting that p21 may be sufficient for this event. Accordingly, cyclin D1-associated phosphorylation of pRb at Ser-780 is lacking even in newly senescent fibroblasts that have a low amount of p16. Instead, the cyclin D1-Cdk4 and cyclin D1-Cdk6 complexes in these cells are associated with an increased amount of p21, suggesting that p21 may be responsible for inactivation of both cyclin E- and cyclin D1-associated kinase activity at the early stage of senescence. Moreover, even in the late stage of senescence when p16 is high, cyclin D1-Cdk4 complexes are persistent, albeit reduced by +info)Progesterone inhibits estrogen-induced cyclin D1 and cdk4 nuclear translocation, cyclin E- and cyclin A-cdk2 kinase activation, and cell proliferation in uterine epithelial cells in mice. (3/1134)
The response of the uterine epithelium to female sex steroid hormones provides an excellent model to study cell proliferation in vivo since both stimulation and inhibition of cell proliferation can be studied. Thus, when administered to ovariectomized adult mice 17beta-estradiol (E2) stimulates a synchronized wave of DNA synthesis and cell division in the epithelial cells, while pretreatment with progesterone (P4) completely inhibits this E2-induced cell proliferation. Using a simple method to isolate the uterine epithelium with high purity, we have shown that E2 treatment induces a relocalization of cyclin D1 and, to a lesser extent, cdk4 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and results in the orderly activation of cyclin E- and cyclin A-cdk2 kinases and hyperphosphorylation of pRb and p107. P4 pretreatment did not alter overall levels of cyclin D1, cdk4, or cdk6 nor their associated kinase activities but instead inhibited the E2-induced nuclear localization of cyclin D1 to below the control level and, to a lesser extent, nuclear cdk4 levels, with a consequent inhibition of pRb and p107 phosphorylation. In addition, it abrogated E2-induced cyclin E-cdk2 activation by dephosphorylation of cdk2, followed by inhibition of cyclin A expression and consequently of cyclin A-cdk2 kinase activity and further inhibition of phosphorylation of pRb and p107. P4 is used therapeutically to oppose the effect of E2 during hormone replacement therapy and in the treatment of uterine adenocarcinoma. This study showing a novel mechanism of cell cycle inhibition by P4 may provide the basis for the development of new antiestrogens. (+info)Functions of cyclin A1 in the cell cycle and its interactions with transcription factor E2F-1 and the Rb family of proteins. (4/1134)
Human cyclin A1, a newly discovered cyclin, is expressed in testis and is thought to function in the meiotic cell cycle. Here, we show that the expression of human cyclin A1 and cyclin A1-associated kinase activities was regulated during the mitotic cell cycle. In the osteosarcoma cell line MG63, cyclin A1 mRNA and protein were present at very low levels in cells at the G0 phase. They increased during the progression of the cell cycle and reached the highest levels in the S and G2/M phases. Furthermore, the cyclin A1-associated histone H1 kinase activity peaked at the G2/M phase. We report that cyclin A1 could bind to important cell cycle regulators: the Rb family of proteins, the transcription factor E2F-1, and the p21 family of proteins. The in vitro interaction of cyclin A1 with E2F-1 was greatly enhanced when cyclin A1 was complexed with CDK2. Associations of cyclin A1 with Rb and E2F-1 were observed in vivo in several cell lines. When cyclin A1 was coexpressed with CDK2 in sf9 insect cells, the CDK2-cyclin A1 complex had kinase activities for histone H1, E2F-1, and the Rb family of proteins. Our results suggest that the Rb family of proteins and E2F-1 may be important targets for phosphorylation by the cyclin A1-associated kinase. Cyclin A1 may function in the mitotic cell cycle in certain cells. (+info)Heparin inhibits proliferation of myometrial and leiomyomal smooth muscle cells through the induction of alpha-smooth muscle actin, calponin h1 and p27. (5/1134)
Mast cells are widely distributed in human tissues, including the human uterus. However, the function of mast cells in uterine smooth muscle has not been clearly established. Mast cells possess secretory granules containing such substances as heparin, serotonin, histamine and many cytokines. To help establish the role of mast cells in the human myometrium, the action of heparin was investigated using smooth muscle cells (SMC) from normal myometrium and from leiomyoma. The proliferation of cultured myometrial and leiomyomal SMC was inhibited by heparin treatment. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the population in the G1 phase of the cell cycle increased under heparin treatment. Western blotting analysis showed that markers of SMC differentiation such as alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), calponin h1 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 were induced by heparin, whereas cell-cycle-related gene products from the G1 phase of the cell cycle, such as cyclin E and cdk2, were not changed. Taken together, these results indicate that heparin inhibits the proliferation of myometrial and leiomyomal SMC through the induction of alpha-SMA, calponin h1 and p27. We suggest that heparin from mast cells may induce differentiation in uterine SMC and may influence tissue remodelling and reconstruction during physiological and pathophysiological events. (+info)Impact of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine on (deoxy)ribonucleotide metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis in tumor cells. (6/1134)
Following exposure to 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (an inhibitor of the cellular DNA polymerases alpha, delta and epsilon), human erythroleukemia K562, human T-lymphoid CEM and murine leukemia L1210 cells markedly accumulated in the S phase of the cell cycle. In contrast to DNA replication, RNA synthesis (transcription) and protein synthesis (mRNA translation) were not affected by 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-adenine. The ribonucleoside triphosphate pools were slightly elevated, while the intracellular levels of all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates were 1.5-4-fold increased in 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine-treated K562, CEM and L1210 cells. The effect of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine on de novo (thymidylate synthase-mediated) and salvage (thymidine kinase-mediated) dTTP synthesis was investigated using radio-labelled nucleoside precursors. The amount of thymidylate synthase-derived dTTP in the acid soluble pool was 2-4-fold higher in PMEA-treated than in untreated K562 cells, which is in accord with the 3-4-fold expansion of the global dTTP level in the presence of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine. Strikingly, 2-derived dTTP accumulated to a much higher extent (i.e. 16-40-fold) in the soluble dTTP pool upon 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine treatment. In keeping with this finding, a markedly increased thymidine kinase activity could be demonstrated in extracts of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine-treated K562 cell cultures. Also, in the presence of 200 microM 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, 14-fold less thymidylate synthase-derived but only 3-fold less thymidine kinase-derived dTTP was incorporated into the DNA of the K562 cells. These data show that thymidine incorporation may be inappropriate as a cell proliferation marker in the presence of DNA synthesis inhibitors such as 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine. Our findings indicate that 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine causes a peculiar pattern of (deoxy)ribonucleotide metabolism deregulation in drug-treated tumor cells, as a result of the metabolic block imposed by the drug on the S phase of the cell cycle. (+info)A new pathway for mitogen-dependent cdk2 regulation uncovered in p27(Kip1)-deficient cells. (7/1134)
BACKGROUND: The ability of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) to promote cell proliferation is opposed by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs), proteins that bind tightly to cyclin-CDK complexes and block the phosphorylation of exogenous substrates. Mice with targeted CKI gene deletions have only subtle proliferative abnormalities, however, and cells prepared from these mice seem remarkably normal when grown in vitro. One explanation may be the operation of compensatory pathways that control CDK activity and cell proliferation when normal pathways are inactivated. We have used mice lacking the CKIs p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) to investigate this issue, specifically with respect to CDK regulation by mitogens. RESULTS: We show that p27 is the major inhibitor of Cdk2 activity in mitogen-starved wild-type murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Nevertheless, inactivation of the cyclin E-Cdk2 complex in response to mitogen starvation occurs normally in MEFs that have a homozygous deletion of the p27 gene. Moreover, CDK regulation by mitogens is also not affected by the absence of both p27 and p21. A titratable Cdk2 inhibitor compensates for the absence of both CKIs, and we identify this inhibitor as p130, a protein related to the retinoblastoma gene product Rb. Thus, cyclin E-Cdk2 kinase activity cannot be inhibited by mitogen starvation of MEFs that lack both p27 and p130. In addition, cell types that naturally express low amounts of p130, such as T lymphocytes, are completely dependent on p27 for regulation of the cyclin E-Cdk2 complex by mitogens. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of Cdk2 activity in mitogen-starved fibroblasts is usually performed by the CKI p27, and to a minor extent by p21. Remarkably p130, a protein in the Rb family that is not related to either p21 or p27, will directly substitute for the CKIs and restore normal CDK regulation by mitogens in cells lacking both p27 and p21. This compensatory pathway may be important in settings in which CKIs are not expressed at standard levels, as is the case in many human tumors. (+info)Modulation of apoptosis by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1). (8/1134)
Proliferation and apoptosis are increased in many types of inflammatory diseases. A role for the cyclin kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) (p27) in limiting proliferation has been shown. In this study, we show that p27(-/-) mesangial cells and fibroblasts have strikingly elevated rates of apoptosis, not proliferation, when deprived of growth factors. Apoptosis was rescued by restoration of p27 expression. Cyclin A-cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) activity, but not cyclin E-CDK2 activity, was increased in serum-starved p27(-/-) cells, and decreasing CDK2 activity, either pharmacologically (Roscovitine) or by a dominant-negative mutant, inhibited apoptosis. Our results show that a new biological function for the CDK inhibitor p27 is protection of cells from apoptosis by constraining CDK2 activity. These results suggest that CDK inhibitors are necessary for coordinating the cell cycle and cell-death programs so that cell viability is maintained during exit from the cell cycle. (+info)Recombinant Human Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1), His-tagged CDKN1B-2499H - Creative BioMart
RC220937L2 - p16INK4A(CDKN2A) (NM 000077) Human Tagged ORF Clone | OriGene
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Recombinant Human CDK5 Protein, Myc/DDK-tagged, C13 and N15-labeled CDK5-4483H - Creative BioMart
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AZD5438 | ≥99%(HPLC) | Selleck | CDK inhibitor
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Recombinant Human CDK2 + CCNE1 protein (ab85836) | Abcam
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CDK (Inhibitors Agonists Modulators Antagonists)-MedChemExpress.com
The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27Kip1 has been shown to regulate
The Cdk-activating kinase (CAK) from budding yeast
Human CDK10 gene isoforms
Antiprogestin inhibition of cell cycle progression in T-47D breast cancer cells is accompanied by induction of the cyclin...
Systematic determination of human cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)-9 interactome identifies novel functions in RNA splicing...
CDK2<...
Selective Inhibition of CDK4 and CDK6 Primes Chemoresistant Myeloma Cell for Cytotoxic Killing through Induction of Cell Cycle...
P 276 - AdisInsight
Trial in progress: A phase 3, randomized, double-blind trial of trilaciclib versus placebo in patients receiving first- or...
Remediated Sequence
- 1PXK: HUMAN CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 2 COMPLEXED WITH THE INHIBITOR N-[4-(2,4-Dimethyl-thiazol-5...
INT256909 - wiki-pain
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Gentaur Molecular :GenWay \ Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 - EC 2.7.11.22; Cyclin-dependent kinase 4; PSK-J3 \ 10-288-22309F
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talks.cam : Single-cell dynamics of the proliferation-quiescence decision.
Dinaciclib | SCH-727965 | CAS#779353-01-4 | CDK inhibitor | MedKoo Biosciences
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 10 (CDK10) (AA 1-361) protein (His tag)</span...
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 10 (CDK10) (AA 1-360) protein (His tag)</span...
CDK4 - Cyclin dependent kinase 4 - Mus musculus (Mouse) - CDK4 gene & protein
CDK18 Gene - GeneCards | CDK18 Protein | CDK18 Antibody
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Cdk11b MGI Mouse Gene Detail - MGI:88353 - cyclin-dependent kinase 11B
The i-CDK9-induced increase in CDK9s binding to the MY | Open-i
DNA polymerase and thymidine kinase. Cdk4-cyclin E complexes form and initiate G1/Stransition. Subsequently | Involvement of...
Phosphorylation of Sic1, a Cyclin-dependent Kinase (Cdk) Inhib...
TP-1287, AN ORAL PRODRUG OF THE CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE-9 INHIBITOR.... EHA Learning Center. Whatcott C. Jun 9 2016; 132440
CLK1
Johnson KW, Smith KA (1991). "Molecular cloning of a novel human cdc2/CDC28-like protein kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (6): 3402- ... "Beacon interacts with cdc2/cdc28-like kinases". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 304 (1): 125-9. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00549- ... This gene encodes a member of the CDC2-like (or LAMMER) family of dual specificity protein kinases. In the cell nucleus, the ... "Entrez Gene: CLK1 CDC-like kinase 1". Colwill K, Feng LL, Yeakley JM, Gish GD, Cáceres JF, Pawson T, Fu XD (Oct 1996). "SRPK1 ...
HSPB2
"Beacon interacts with cdc2/cdc28-like kinases". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 304 (1): 125-9. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00549- ... Mao H, Li F, Ruchalski K, Mosser DD, Schwartz JH, Wang Y, Borkan SC (2003). "hsp72 inhibits focal adhesion kinase degradation ... Park KJ, Gaynor RB, Kwak YT (2003). "Heat shock protein 27 association with the I kappa B kinase complex regulates tumor ... Deak M, Clifton AD, Lucocq LM, Alessi DR (1998). "Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK1) is directly activated ...
UBL5
2003). "Beacon interacts with cdc2/cdc28-like kinases". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 304 (1): 125-9. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X( ...
PCTK1
... two members of a novel cdc2/CDC28-related protein kinase gene family". Oncogene. 7 (11): 2249-58. PMID 1437147. "Entrez Gene: ... The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cdc2/cdkx subfamily of the ser/thr family of protein kinases. It may play a ... "A family of human cdc2-related protein kinases". EMBO J. 11 (8): 2909-17. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05360.x. PMC 556772. ... Serine/threonine-protein kinase PCTAIRE-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PCTK1 gene. ...
PCTK3
... two members of a novel cdc2/CDC28-related protein kinase gene family". Oncogene. 7 (11): 2249-58. PMID 1437147. "Entrez Gene: ... PCTK3 PCTAIRE protein kinase 3". Meyerson M, Enders GH, Wu CL, et al. (1992). "A family of human cdc2-related protein kinases ... Serine/threonine-protein kinase PCTAIRE-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PCTK3 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89 ... Palmer KJ, Konkel JE, Stephens DJ (2005). "PCTAIRE protein kinases interact directly with the COPII complex and modulate ...
CKS1B
"Entrez Gene: CKS1B CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B". Harper, J.W. 2001. Protein destruction: Adapting roles for Cks ... "Human cDNAs encoding homologs of the small p34Cdc28/Cdc2-associated protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces ... Cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CKS1B gene. The CKS1B protein binds ... Bhatt KV, Hu R, Spofford LS, Aplin AE (2007). "Mutant B-RAF signaling and cyclin D1 regulate Cks1/S-phase kinase-associated ...
Wee1
The M-phase kinases Polo-like kinase (Plk1) and Cdc2 phosphorylate two serine residues in Wee1A which are recognized by SCFβ- ... polo kinase homologue) phosphorylate Swe1 at different stages of the cell cycle. Swe1 is also phosphorylated by Clb2-Cdc28 ... Wee1 is a nuclear kinase belonging to the Ser/Thr family of protein kinases in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. ... Wu L, Russell P (June 1993). "Nim1 kinase promotes mitosis by inactivating Wee1 tyrosine kinase". Nature. 363 (6431): 738-41. ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.776.476)
... cdc2 protein kinase MeSH D12.776.476.250.067.500 - cdc28 protein kinase, s cerevisiae MeSH D12.776.476.250.067.875 - cyclin- ... dependent kinase 5 MeSH D12.776.476.250.067.900 - cyclin-dependent kinase 9 MeSH D12.776.476.250.580.500 - cdc2 protein kinase ... casein kinase ialpha MeSH D12.776.476.150.300.200 - casein kinase idelta MeSH D12.776.476.150.300.300 - casein kinase iepsilon ... mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 MeSH D12.776.476.450.169.750 - mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 MeSH D12.776.476.450. ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.644)
... cdc2-cdc28 kinases MeSH D12.644.360.250.067.249 - cdc2 protein kinase MeSH D12.644.360.250.067.500 - cdc28 protein kinase, s ... map kinase kinase kinase 1 MeSH D12.644.360.400.200 - map kinase kinase kinase 2 MeSH D12.644.360.400.300 - map kinase kinase ... kinase 3 MeSH D12.644.360.400.400 - map kinase kinase kinase 4 MeSH D12.644.360.400.500 - map kinase kinase kinase 5 MeSH ... map kinase kinase 1 MeSH D12.644.360.440.200 - map kinase kinase 2 MeSH D12.644.360.440.300 - map kinase kinase 3 MeSH D12.644. ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.776)
... cdc2 protein kinase MeSH D12.776.167.200.067.500 - cdc28 protein kinase, s cerevisiae MeSH D12.776.167.200.067.875 - cyclin- ... dependent kinase 5 MeSH D12.776.167.200.067.900 - cyclin-dependent kinase 9 MeSH D12.776.167.200.580.500 - cdc2 protein kinase ... cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 MeSH D12.776.624.776.355.700 - cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57 See List of MeSH ... cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p15 MeSH D12.776.624.776.355.200 - cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16 MeSH D12.776.624.776 ...
List of MeSH codes (D08)
... cdc2-cdc28 kinases MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.200.067.249 - cdc2 protein kinase MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.200. ... map kinase kinase kinase 1 MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.200 - map kinase kinase kinase 2 MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682. ... map kinase kinase kinase 3 MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.400 - map kinase kinase kinase 4 MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682. ... cdc2-cdc28 kinases MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.500.500 - cyclin-dependent kinase 5 MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682. ...
Cyclin-dependent kinase 9
CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28, and S. pombe cdc2, and known as important ... "Entrez Gene: CDK9 cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDC2-related kinase)". MacLachlan TK, Sang N, De Luca A, Puri PL, Levrero M, ... Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 or CDK9 is a cyclin-dependent kinase associated with P-TEFb. The protein encoded by this gene is a ... This kinase was found to be a component of the multiprotein complex TAK/P-TEFb, which is an elongation factor for RNA ...
Cyclin-dependent kinase
Most knowledge of CDK structure and function is based on CDKs of S. pombe (Cdc2), S. cerevisiae (CDC28), and vertebrates (CDC2 ... One of the kinases that place the tyrosine phosphate is Wee1, a kinase conserved in all eukaryotes. Fission yeast also contains ... A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) is a protein that interacts with a cyclin-CDK complex to block kinase activity, ... Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are the families of protein kinases first discovered for their role in regulating the cell ...
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1
... where it is encoded by genes cdc28 and cdc2, respectively. With its cyclin partners, Cdk1 forms complexes that phosphorylate a ... Cdk1 is comprised mostly by the bare protein kinase motif, which other protein kinases share. Cdk1, like other kinases, ... "Downregulation of the cdc2/cyclin B protein kinase activity by binding of p53 to p34(cdc2)". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 283 ... "Association with Cdc2 and inhibition of Cdc2/Cyclin B1 kinase activity by the p53-regulated protein Gadd45". Oncogene. 18 (18 ...
Cyclin-dependent kinase 10
The CDK subfamily members are highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28, and S. pombe cdc2, and are known to ... "Entrez Gene: CDK10 cyclin-dependent kinase (CDC2-like) 10". Kasten M, Giordano A (Apr 2001). "Cdk10, a Cdc2-related kinase, ... Graña X, Claudio PP, De Luca A, Sang N, Giordano A (Jul 1994). "PISSLRE, a human novel CDC2-related protein kinase". Oncogene. ... Li S, MacLachlan TK, De Luca A, Claudio PP, Condorelli G, Giordano A (1995). "The cdc-2-related kinase, PISSLRE, is essential ...
Cyclin-dependent kinase 6
"A family of human cdc2-related protein kinases". The EMBO Journal. 11 (8): 2909-17. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05360.x. PMC ... CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc28, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe ... This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex, important for the G1 phase progression and G1/S transition of ... "Entrez Gene: CDK6 cyclin-dependent kinase 6". Meyerson, M; Harlow, E (1994). "Identification of G1 Kinase Activity for cdk6, a ...
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
This protein kinase is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28, and S. pombe cdc2, also known as Cdk1 in ... Cyclin-dependent kinase 2, also known as cell division protein kinase 2, or Cdk2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ... The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family of Ser/Thr protein kinases. ... Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 is structured in two lobes. The lobe beginning at the N-terminus (N-lobe) contains many beta sheets, ...
Cyclin-dependent kinase 7
... and purification of a Cdc2-activating threonine-161 protein kinase from human cells". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. ... CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc28, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe ... Cyclin-dependent kinase 7, or cell division protein kinase 7, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK7 gene. The ... Drapkin R, Le Roy G, Cho H, Akoulitchev S, Reinberg D (June 1996). "Human cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase exists in ...
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
This protein is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28 and S. pombe cdc2. It is a catalytic subunit of the ... Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 also known as cell division protein kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK4 gene ... This kinase was shown to be responsible for the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene product (Rb). Ser/Thr-kinase component ... Kato JY; Matsuoka M; Strom DK; Sherr CJ (1994). "Regulation of cyclin D-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4) by cdk4-activating kinase". ...
Cyclin-dependent kinase 3
Cell division protein kinase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK3 gene. CDK3 complements cdc28 mutants of ... 1995). "Chromosomal mapping of members of the cdc2 family of protein kinases, cdk3, cdk6, PISSLRE, and PITALRE, and a cdk ... "A family of human cdc2-related protein kinases". EMBO J. 11 (8): 2909-17. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05360.x. PMC 556772. ... 2002). "ik3-1/Cables is a substrate for cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (cdk 3)". Eur. J. Biochem. 268 (23): 6076-82. doi:10.1046/j. ...
Cyclin-dependent kinase complex
For example, in S. pombe, Cdc2 associates with Cdk13 to form the Cdk13-Cdc2 complex. In S. cerevisiae, the association of Cdc28 ... Once in the S phase, Cln1 and Cln2 dissociates with Cdc28 and complexes between Cdc28 and Clb5 or Clb6 are formed. In G2 phase ... Cyclin Cyclin-dependent kinase Malumbres M, Barbacid M. Mammalian cyclin-dependent kinases. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2005 Nov;30(11 ... Cdc2 and Cdc28 respectively, which complexes with several different cyclins. Depending on the cyclin, various portions of the ...
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
Cdk1 is also known as Cdc2 in fission yeast and Cdc28 in budding yeast) is activated by Cdc25, a protein phosphatase. As ... Many factors including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), ubiquitin ligases, inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases, and ... there are two cell cycle kinases that help to control the checkpoint: cell cycle kinases CDK4/6-cyclin D and CDK2-cyclin E. The ... For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from ...
CKS2
"Entrez Gene: CKS2 CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 2". Human CKS2 genome location and CKS2 gene details page in the UCSC ... "Human cDNAs encoding homologs of the small p34Cdc28/Cdc2-associated protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces ... Cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CKS2 gene. CKS2 protein binds to ... 2007). "Gene expression of cyclin-dependent kinase subunit Cks2 is repressed by the tumor suppressor p53 but not by the related ...
Induced cell cycle arrest
G2: Fission yeast expressing some mutant forms of CDC2 unable to arrest in G2 in response to DNA damage, indicating the gene ... Driving this conversion is Cdc7 and S-phase cyclin-dependent kinases, which are both upregulated after the G1/S transition. ... Examples include: G1: Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast expressing dominant mutant alleles of CDC28 arrest in G1, which indicates ... The suspected mechanism is dependent on p27Kip1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. p27Kip1 protein levels are elevated in ...
Pharos : Target Details - CDK7
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are activated by the binding to a cyclin and mediate the progression through the cell cycle. ... CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc28, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe ... cdc2, and are known to be important regulators of cell cycle progression. This protein forms a trimeric complex with cyclin H ... CAK activates the cyclin-associated kinases CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 by threonine phosphorylation, thus regulating cell cycle ...
Requirement for p34cdc2 kinase is restricted to mitosis in the mammalian cdc2 mutant FT210 | Journal of Cell Biology |...
FT210 cells are found to arrest specifically in G2 phase and unlike many alleles of cdc2 and c ... The mouse FT210 cell line is a temperature-sensitive cdc2 mutant. ... FT210 cells are found to arrest specifically in G2 phase and unlike many alleles of cdc2 and cdc28 mutants of yeasts, loss of ... Requirement for p34cdc2 kinase is restricted to mitosis in the mammalian cdc2 mutant FT210 JR Hamaguchi, JR Hamaguchi ...
Natalie Ahn's research topics | Colorado PROFILES
CDC2 Protein Kinase. *CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae. *cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein ...
hake | Cyclin-Dependent | BibSonomy
CDC2-CDC28Caffeine,Calcineurin,Calcium-BindingCardiac,Cardiomyopathy,CarrierCellCells,Centrifugation,Chains,Chambers,Channel ... KinaseKinases,Knockout,LipidMacromolecularMagnesiumMembraneMice,Microsomes,Microtubule-AssociatedMovement,Muscle,Myocardial ...
Polymerase Chain Reaction | [email protected]
A cyclin B homolog in S. cerevisiae: chronic activation of the Cdc28 protein kinase by cyclin prevents exit from mitosis. ... Single intraluminal delivery of antisense cdc2 kinase and proliferating-cell nuclear antigen oligonucleotides results in ... The receptor kinase family: primary structure of rhodopsin kinase reveals similarities to the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase. ... Molecular structure of a protein-tyrosine/threonine kinase activating p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase: MAP kinase ...
Phosphorylation of human progesterone receptor by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 on three sites that are authentic basal...
CDC2-CDC28 Kinases ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; Serine ... We now report that cyclin A-cyclin-dependent kinase-2 complexes phosphorylate hPR-B in vitro with a high stoichiometry on three ... We now report that cyclin A-cyclin-dependent kinase-2 complexes phosphorylate hPR-B in vitro with a high stoichiometry on three ... With the exception of Ser81, all of these sites are in Ser-Pro motifs, suggesting that proline-directed kinases are responsible ...
CLK1 - Wikipedia
Johnson KW, Smith KA (1991). "Molecular cloning of a novel human cdc2/CDC28-like protein kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (6): 3402- ... "Beacon interacts with cdc2/cdc28-like kinases". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 304 (1): 125-9. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00549- ... This gene encodes a member of the CDC2-like (or LAMMER) family of dual specificity protein kinases. In the cell nucleus, the ... "Entrez Gene: CLK1 CDC-like kinase 1". Colwill K, Feng LL, Yeakley JM, Gish GD, Cáceres JF, Pawson T, Fu XD (Oct 1996). "SRPK1 ...
Phosphorylation of human progesterone receptor by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 on three sites that are authentic basal...
CDC2-CDC28 Kinases ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; Serine ... We now report that cyclin A-cyclin-dependent kinase-2 complexes phosphorylate hPR-B in vitro with a high stoichiometry on three ... We now report that cyclin A-cyclin-dependent kinase-2 complexes phosphorylate hPR-B in vitro with a high stoichiometry on three ... With the exception of Ser81, all of these sites are in Ser-Pro motifs, suggesting that proline-directed kinases are responsible ...
A CDC25 family protein phosphatase gates cargo recognition by the Vps26 retromer subunit | eLife
... which encodes a dual-specificity protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates the Cdc2 cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK; Cdc28 in S. ... It would also be nice if a poly phosphorylated version could be used but if the kinase or a fraction containing the kinase is ... It would also be nice if a poly phosphorylated version could be used but if the kinase or a fraction containing the kinase is ... this hypothesis was further tested by deleting the gene encoding the Swe1 kinase that phosphorylates Cdc28/CDK to inhibit its ...
Dual specificity protein kinase CLK2 | DrugBank Online
Beacon interacts with cdc2/cdc28-like kinases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Apr 25;304(1):125-9. [Article] ... Eisenreich A, Bogdanov VY, Zakrzewicz A, Pries A, Antoniak S, Poller W, Schultheiss HP, Rauch U: Cdc2-like kinases and DNA ... CDC-like kinase 2. Gene Name. CLK2. Organism. Humans. Amino acid sequence. ,lcl,BSEQ0051728,Dual specificity protein kinase ... ATP binding / identical protein binding / protein serine/threonine kinase activity / protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase ...
Phosphorylation causes a conformational change in the carboxyl-terminal domain of the mouse RNA polymerase II largest subunit<...
... cdc2/CDC28)-containing CTD kinase. Phosphorylated serine (or threonine) is located at positions 2 and 5 in the repetative ... cdc2/CDC28)-containing CTD kinase. Phosphorylated serine (or threonine) is located at positions 2 and 5 in the repetative ... cdc2/CDC28)-containing CTD kinase. Phosphorylated serine (or threonine) is located at positions 2 and 5 in the repetative ... cdc2/CDC28)-containing CTD kinase. Phosphorylated serine (or threonine) is located at positions 2 and 5 in the repetative ...
Requirement for p34cdc2 kinase is restricted to mitosis in the mammalian cdc2 mutant FT210 | Journal of Cell Biology |...
FT210 cells are found to arrest specifically in G2 phase and unlike many alleles of cdc2 and c ... The mouse FT210 cell line is a temperature-sensitive cdc2 mutant. ... FT210 cells are found to arrest specifically in G2 phase and unlike many alleles of cdc2 and cdc28 mutants of yeasts, loss of ... Requirement for p34cdc2 kinase is restricted to mitosis in the mammalian cdc2 mutant FT210 JR Hamaguchi, JR Hamaguchi ...
Cool data: quantity AND quality. - Oxford Neuroscience
Humans | Page 3 | ISHAR Online
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Items where Subject is "cell cycle" - CSHL Scientific Digital Repository
Human cdc2 protein kinase is a major cell-cycle regulated tyrosine kinase substrate. Nature, 336 (6201). pp. 738-44. ISSN 0028- ... Marshak, D. R., Russo, G. L., Sutton, A. (April 1994) Mutation of the Casein Kinase-Ii Phosphorylation Site in Cdc28 Causes ... Gu, L., Zheng, H. W., Murray, S. A., Ying, H. Q., Xiao, Z. X. J. (March 2003) Deregulation of Cdc2 kinase induces caspase-3 ... Booher, R. N., Alfa, C. E., Hyams, J. S., Beach, D. H. (August 1989) The fission yeast cdc2/cdc13/suc1 protein kinase: ...
Pharos : Target Details - CDK7
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are activated by the binding to a cyclin and mediate the progression through the cell cycle. ... CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc28, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe ... cdc2, and are known to be important regulators of cell cycle progression. This protein forms a trimeric complex with cyclin H ... CAK activates the cyclin-associated kinases CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 by threonine phosphorylation, thus regulating cell cycle ...
Gene expression profiling revealed novel mechanism of action of Taxotere and Furtulon in prostate cancer cells | BMC Cancer |...
NM_001827.1 CDC28 protein kinase 2 (CKS2) -1.1 -4.6 -6.5 NC 1.6 -1.6 -1.2 -3.5 -5.7 ... D88357.1 mRNA for CDC2 delta T -1.1 -6.1 -14.9 NC -2.8 -1.6 -1.1 -4.3 -13.0 ... NM_003158.1 serinethreonine kinase 6 (STK6) -1.7 -11.3 -9.8 1.1 1.2 -1.7 -1.3 -8.6 -26 ... NM_003600.1 serinethreonine kinase 15 (STK15) -1.2 -3.7 -8.6 NC NC -1.6 -1.3 -4 -6.1 ...
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Polymerase Chain Reaction | [email protected]
A cyclin B homolog in S. cerevisiae: chronic activation of the Cdc28 protein kinase by cyclin prevents exit from mitosis. ... Single intraluminal delivery of antisense cdc2 kinase and proliferating-cell nuclear antigen oligonucleotides results in ... The receptor kinase family: primary structure of rhodopsin kinase reveals similarities to the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase. ... Molecular structure of a protein-tyrosine/threonine kinase activating p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase: MAP kinase ...
Interview with a New Nobel Laureate - Scientific American
cdc2 is a special sort of protein kinase called a cyclin-dependent kinase. It turned out that this particular one controls when ... Cdc28. The fission yeast work started quite early, in 1975. It still continues, but the basic story was in place by 1990, so it ... My laboratory then went on, in yeast, to establish what cdc2 did: it encodes something called a protein kinase, an enzyme that ... The cyclin-dependent kinase, the core engine, has to activate S-phase and mitosis when the cell is ready to do that. If there ...
Publications - The Institute of Cancer Research, London
We have isolated and characterised a novel human protein kinase, Cdc2-related kinase with an arginine/serine-rich (RS) domain ( ... FT210 cells are found to arrest specifically in G2 phase and unlike many alleles of cdc2 and cdc28 mutants of yeasts, loss of ... The protein kinase domain of CrkRS is 89% identical to the 46 kDa CHED protein kinase, but outside the kinase domains the two ... Requirement for p34cdc2 kinase is restricted to mitosis in the mammalian cdc2 mutant FT210. Journal of cell biology, Vol.117. ( ...
CDK6 - hpluswiki
CDC2-CDC28 Kinases. *Cell Cycle Proteins. *Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2. *Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ... Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (EC 2.7.11.22) (Cell division protein kinase 6) (Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLSTIRE) [CDKN6] ... GPCR kinases (GRKs) belong to a family of serine/threonine kinases. Although their role in homologous desensitization of ... Whilst CDK2 and cdc2 may be pivotal in the withdrawal of cardiac myocytes from the cell cycle, CDK4 and CDK6 may be critical ...
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This proteinis highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28 and S. pombe cdc2. It is a catalyticsubunit of the ... Theactivity of this kinase is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatorysubunits D-type cyclins and ... Size pubs: by inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) induces early era of neurons (Calegari and Huttner, 2003), while ... The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. ...
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 | Profiles RNS
CDC2-CDC28 Kinases. *Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2. *Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 3. *Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ... Cyclin-Dependent Kinases [D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500]. *Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 [D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646. ... Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases [D08.811.913.696.620.682.700]. *Proline-Directed Protein Kinases [D08.811.913.696.620.682. ... Its activity is inhibited by CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P27 and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P21. ...
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Names of different cyclins - Information - 2022
Most knowledge of CDK structure and function is based on CDKs of S. pombe (Cdc2), S. cerevisiae (CDC28), and vertebrates (CDC2 ... One of the kinases that place the tyrosine phosphate is Wee1, a kinase conserved in all eukaryotes. [1] Fission yeast also ... A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) is a protein that interacts with a cyclin-CDK complex to block kinase activity, ... CDK-activating kinases phoshporylate CDKs and increase the kinase activity. In contrast, Wee1 phosphorylates CDKs in the ATP- ...
REPAIRtoire - a database of DNA repair pathways
CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 protein kinase domain. This protein can be a ... KIN28, a yeast split gene coding for a putative protein kinase homologous to CDC28. Simon M, Seraphin B, Faye G EMBO J Oct. 1, ... Homology to human cyclin-dependent kinase activating kinase and IIH subunits. Feaver WJ, Henry NL, Wang Z, Wu X, Svejstrup JQ, ... The kin28 protein kinase is associated with a cyclin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Valay JG, Simon M, Faye G J Mol Biol Nov. 20 ...
Mouse Monoclonal Antibody to CDK9 - BidScientific.com
August 2018 - A high-throughput screen identifies miRNA inhibitors
... is considered to require the proteins kinase Ime2 early for DNA replication as well as the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28 late ... and inhibiting cdc2 phosphorylation 51. A stage ii study shown pharmacodynamic (pd) activity: post-treatment biopsies ... Outcomes Cdc28 is necessary for meiotic S stage To re-examine whether Cdc28 is essential for meiotic DNA replication, we ... coincident with another maximum in Ime2 kinase activity reliant on Cdc28 and Ndt80. The M-phase requirement of Ime2 could be ...
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SerinePhosphorylationProteinCyclinCDK1SubunitGeneDistinctCellPagesLineCyclin-dependMitoticSaccharomycesMRNAGeneActivityShowsCellsShowCdk2ProteinsSubunitCEREVISIAEInhibitorBudding yeastCatalyticFission yeastAssaysMammalianCdc5MetabolismPhosphorylatesSubstrate specificityVitroMeSHCheckpointEssentialFoundMiceMolecularShownAlphaPublications
Serine2
- Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine and tyrosine-containing substrates. (drugbank.com)
- Serine/threonine kinase involved in cell cycle control and in RNA polymerase II-mediated RNA transcription. (nih.gov)
Phosphorylation5
- With the exception of Ser81, all of these sites are in Ser-Pro motifs, suggesting that proline-directed kinases are responsible for their phosphorylation. (unimi.it)
- Phosphorylation of human progesterone receptor by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 on three sites that are authentic basal phosphorylation sites in vivo / Y. Zhang, C.A. Beck, A. Poletti, J.P. Clement, P. Prendergast, T.T. Yip, T.W. Hutchens, D.P. Edwards, N.L. Weigel. (unimi.it)
- At the maximum level of phosphorylation by CTD kinase in vitro, there are 15-20 phosphates evenly distributed among the 52 heptapeptide repeats that comprise the mouse CTD. (elsevier.com)
- H1 kinase activities in chromatography fractions were identified using a synthetic peptide substrate containing the consensus phosphorylation site of histone H1 and the kinase subunit compositions were determined immunochemically with antisera prepared against the "PSTAIR" peptide, the COOH-terminus of mammalian p34cdc2 and the human cyclins A and B1. (rupress.org)
- CAK activates the cyclin-associated kinases CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 by threonine phosphorylation, thus regulating cell cycle progression. (nih.gov)
Protein6
- Dual specificity protein kinase CLK1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CLK1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- This gene encodes a member of the CDC2-like (or LAMMER) family of dual specificity protein kinases. (wikipedia.org)
- Characterization by cDNA cloning of two new human protein kinases. (wikipedia.org)
- Hanes J, von der Kammer H, Klaudiny J, Scheit KH: Characterization by cDNA cloning of two new human protein kinases. (drugbank.com)
- Both the 44- and 42-kDa forms of the MAP-kinase protein were expressed at similar levels in young and senescent cells. (isharonline.org)
- The ProKinO is a protein kinase-specific ontology, which provides a controlled vocabulary of terms, their hierarchy, and relationships unifying sequence, structure, function, mutation and pathway information on kinases. (nih.gov)
Cyclin4
- We now report that cyclin A-cyclin-dependent kinase-2 complexes phosphorylate hPR-B in vitro with a high stoichiometry on three sites that are authentic basal sites in vivo. (unimi.it)
- A third H1 kinase with stable activity at the nonpermissive temperature is comprised of cyclin A and a cdc2-like 34-kD subunit, which is immunoreactive with anti-"PSTAIR" antiserum but is not recognized with antiserum specific for the COOH-terminus of p34cdc2. (rupress.org)
- The cyclin A-associated kinases are active during S and G2 phases and earlier in the division cycle than the p34cdc2-cyclin B1 kinase. (rupress.org)
- Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are activated by the binding to a cyclin and mediate the progression through the cell cycle. (nih.gov)
CDK11
- CDC28 and usual CDK1 and CDK2, which run the submitted deficiency unit in the screenplay gripping radar. (bmkpietka.com)
Subunit2
- The carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II can be phosphorylated by a p34(cdc2/CDC28)-containing CTD kinase. (elsevier.com)
- CDK7 is the catalytic subunit of the CDK-activating kinase (CAK) complex. (nih.gov)
Gene1
- We show that mouse cells possess at least two cdc2-related gene products which form cell cycle regulated histone H1 kinases and we propose that the murine homolog of yeast p34cdc/CDC28 is essential only during the G2-to-M transition in FT210 cells. (rupress.org)
Distinct1
- FT210 cells and the parent wild-type FM3A cell line each possess at least three distinct histone H1 kinases. (rupress.org)
Cell2
- The mouse FT210 cell line is a temperature-sensitive cdc2 mutant. (rupress.org)
- FT210 cells are found to arrest specifically in G2 phase and unlike many alleles of cdc2 and cdc28 mutants of yeasts, loss of p34cdc2 at the nonpermissive temperature has no apparent effect on cell cycle progression through the G1 and S phases of the division cycle. (rupress.org)
Pages1
- error: EBOOKEE is a subject software of heuristics on the Bahasa( Converted Mediafire Rapidshare) and has very describe or add any pages on its kinase. (renault.ua)
Line1
- If cdc2, Previously the standing in its intellectual line. (bmkpietka.com)
Cyclin-depend8
- Saturated Fatty Acids Promote Hepatocytic Senecence through Regulation of miR-34a/Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6. (transhumanist.ru)
- Western blotting analysis shows that cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1, also known as p21) is upregulated, while cyclin-dependent kinase 6 ( CDK6 ) is downregulated. (transhumanist.ru)
- Furthermore, HSYA significantly decreased the mRNA and protein level of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16, followed by increasing CDK4 /6 protein expression and decreasing the phosphorylation of Retinoblastoma (pRb) which up-regulated the expression of downstream genes CCNE1 , CCNA2 , P107 and MCM4 . (transhumanist.ru)
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2" by people in this website by year, and whether "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (childrensmercy.org)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2" by people in Profiles. (childrensmercy.org)
- Homology to human cyclin-dependent kinase activating kinase and IIH subunits. (genesilico.pl)
- Meiosis is considered to require the proteins kinase Ime2 early for DNA replication as well as the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28 late for chromosome segregation. (sciencepop.org)
Mitotic3
- Here, we apply fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy to study the dynamics of the cell cycle machinery, beginning with Cyclin B1 and its binding to its partner kinase Cdk1 that together form the major mitotic kinase. (icr.ac.uk)
- Lately, the mitotic functions of Cdc28 have already been studied utilizing a new sort of conditional mutant that's engineered to become sensitive to chemical substance inhibition. (sciencepop.org)
- Substitution of an individual conserved amino acidity produces an analog-sensitive (cells from initiating DNA replication or chromosome segregation, with regards to the quantity of inhibitor added, hence confirming prior conclusions that 145525-41-3 Cdc28 is necessary for both S and M stages in the mitotic cell routine (Bishop et al. (sciencepop.org)
Saccharomyces1
- CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc28, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc2, and are known to be important regulators of cell cycle progression. (elisaassaykits.com)
MRNA1
- Kin28, the TFIIH-associated carboxy-terminal domain kinase, facilitates the recruitment of mRNA processing machinery to RNA polymerase II. (genesilico.pl)
Gene1
- 2002). Ndt80 stimulates transcription of 150 middle genes, including its gene and genes necessary for meiotic nuclear divisions (e.g., arrest in the pachytene stage of meiotic G2 like cells depleted of Cdc28 activity (Xu et al. (sciencepop.org)
Activity6
- The activity of this kinase first appears in mid-G1 phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits including D-type cyclins and members of INK4 family of CDK inhibitors. (elisaassaykits.com)
- Thr-162 phosphorylation does not vary through the cell cycle and is necessary for full kinase activity. (genesilico.pl)
- is usually partly described by its activation of the main element 145525-41-3 meiotic transcription element Ndt80, which is necessary subsequently for high Cdc28 activity. (sciencepop.org)
- Relative to a late part for Ime2, we noticed a rise in its activity during M stage that depended on Cdc28 and Ndt80. (sciencepop.org)
- Another hint that Cdc28 may are likely involved in meiotic S stage may be the activity of the CDK inhibitor Sic1 in avoiding meiotic S stage (Dirick et al. (sciencepop.org)
- Ime2 is necessary for access into and development through meiotic M stage, coincident with another maximum in Ime2 kinase activity reliant on Cdc28 and Ndt80. (sciencepop.org)
Shows1
- Stuart and Wittenberg 1998) shows that Cdc28 could be necessary for S stage in meiosis, since it is within mitosis. (sciencepop.org)
Cells1
- Although Cdc28 is vital for the G1CS and G2CM transitions in vegetative cells, its part in meiotic development has been much less clear. (sciencepop.org)
Show1
- Our research show that Ime2 and Cdc28 function to govern initial the G1CS changeover and the G2CM changeover and development through M. Our proof provides immediate support for the proposal that Cdc28 is vital for meiotic S stage, although it has no 145525-41-3 function in Sic1 degradation. (sciencepop.org)
Cdk23
- In contrast, in TNFR1-/- mice, which exhibit exaggerated acetaminophen hepatotoxicity, hepatocyte proliferation, and expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin A, as well as the cyclin dependent kinases, Cdk4 and Cdk2, were reduced. (nih.gov)
- Crystal structure of the p27Kip1 cyclin-dependent-kinase inhibitor bound to the cyclin A-Cdk2 complex. (nih.gov)
- Cdk2 contains an important alpha helix located in the C lobe of the kinase, called the C-helix or the PSTAIRE-helix. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins6
- Casein kinases play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION by phosphorylating a variety of regulatory cytoplasmic and regulatory nuclear proteins. (lookformedical.com)
- Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression. (lookformedical.com)
- A casein kinase I isoenzyme with specificity for proteins involved the regulation of the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM. (lookformedical.com)
- It is a catalytic subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinase complex, whose activity is restricted to the G1-S phase of the cell cycle , where cells make proteins necessary for mitosis and replicate their DNA. (wikipedia.org)
- Helped by other researchers, they found that cyclin proteins and cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) carry cells from a phase in the cell cycle into the next phase. (healthbeautyidea.com)
- In conjunction with work in several other labs, these mutants brought the Src-homology (SH) domains 2 and 3 to widespread attention, providing new opportunites for identifying the proteins that are crucial modifiers and targets for Sre-like kinases. (nih.gov)
Subunit1
- A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. (lookformedical.com)
CEREVISIAE2
- It had become clear by then that the clock in cell cycle involved the cyclin-dependent kinases or CDKs, the cdc2 gene of S pombe , the fission yeast and the CDC28 gene in S cerevisiae , the budding yeast. (medscape.com)
- CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc28, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc2, and are known to be important regulators of cell cycle progression. (biomol.com)
Inhibitor2
- The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 was also induced in the liver following acetaminophen administration. (nih.gov)
- The activity of this kinase is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits D-type cyclins and CDK inhibitor p16(INK4a). (empiregenomics.com)
Budding yeast2
- We have shown that the polo-box motif, which resides in the C-terminal noncata-lytic domain, is essential for the localization of both budding yeast polo kinase Cdc5 and mammalian Plk1 to specific subcellular structures. (nih.gov)
- One of the critical events that budding yeast polo kinase Cdc5 mediates is mitotic entry, a process that requires activation of Cdc28 (homolog of mammalian Cdc2). (nih.gov)
Catalytic2
- These changes activate the kinase by realigning active site residues and relieving the steric blockade at the entrance of the catalytic cleft. (nih.gov)
- The significance of this movement is that it brings the side chain of Glu 51, which belongs to a triad of catalytic site residues conserved in all eukaryotic kinases, into the catalytic site. (wikipedia.org)
Fission yeast1
- The study of precursor mRNA processing ( prp ) mutants in fission yeast identified Prp4 as the first kinase being involved in the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing in fungi and mammals. (intechopen.com)
Assays1
- Ras regulation of cyclin-dependent immunoprecipitation kinase assays. (jefferson.edu)
Mammalian1
- Studies have shown that Swe1 (ortholog of mammalian Wee1) inhibits mitotic entry by negatively regulating Cdc28. (nih.gov)
Cdc51
- We found that Cdc5 directly phosphorylates and downregulates Swe1, thus permitting the activation of Cdc28 and thereby mitotic entry. (nih.gov)
Metabolism1
- A glycogen synthase kinase that was originally described as a key enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism. (lookformedical.com)
Phosphorylates1
- Cyclin-dependent kinase that phosphorylates the transcription factor ETS2 (in vitro) and positively controls its proteasomal degradation (in cells) (PubMed:24218572). (nih.gov)
Substrate specificity2
- Reciprocal activation by cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 7 is directed by substrate specificity determinants outside the T loop. (nih.gov)
- Here we review the discovery of Prp4 kinase, its genetic interactions and biochemical properties, its substrate specificity in vitro and in vivo , as well as the molecular consequences of these interactions. (intechopen.com)
Vitro1
- 3. Kakusho,N., Taniyama,C. and Masai,H. (2008) Identification of stimulators and inhibitors of Cdc7 kinase in vitro. (dnareplication.net)
MeSH1
- CDC2-CDC28 Kinases" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)
Checkpoint1
- The abrogation of the S/G2 checkpoint may be due to inhibition of Chk1 kinase by UCN-01. (nih.gov)
Essential1
- Another one of these essential kinases is Prp4. (intechopen.com)
Found1
- Several ISOENZYMES of casein kinase I have been found which are encoded by separate genes. (lookformedical.com)
Mice1
- To investigate mechanisms mediating the reduced hepatic proliferative response of TNFR1-/- mice, we analyzed phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (PI-3K) signaling. (nih.gov)
Molecular1
- A casein kinase that was originally described as a monomeric enzyme with a molecular weight of 30-40 kDa. (lookformedical.com)
Shown1
- Many of the casein kinase I isoenzymes have been shown to play distinctive roles in intracellular SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (lookformedical.com)
Alpha1
- Multiple isoforms of casein kinase I alpha exist and are due to ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. (lookformedical.com)
Publications2
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "CDC2-CDC28 Kinases" by people in this website by year, and whether "CDC2-CDC28 Kinases" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "CDC2-CDC28 Kinases" by people in Profiles. (jefferson.edu)