T-Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.
Lymphocytes
White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.
Lymphocyte Activation
Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.
Antigens, CD3
Complex of at least five membrane-bound polypeptides in mature T-lymphocytes that are non-covalently associated with one another and with the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL). The CD3 complex includes the gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta chains (subunits). When antigen binds to the T-cell receptor, the CD3 complex transduces the activating signals to the cytoplasm of the T-cell. The CD3 gamma and delta chains (subunits) are separate from and not related to the gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA).
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.
Antigens, CD8
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.
CD4-CD8 Ratio
Antigens, CD
Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.
B-Lymphocytes
Antigens, CD28
CD40 Ligand
Flow Cytometry
Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.
Lymphocyte Subsets
Antigens, CD40
A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily with specificity for CD40 LIGAND. It is found on mature B-LYMPHOCYTES and some EPITHELIAL CELLS, lymphoid DENDRITIC CELLS. Evidence suggests that CD40-dependent activation of B-cells is important for generation of memory B-cells within the germinal centers. Mutations of the gene for CD40 antigen result in HYPER-IGM IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, TYPE 3. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.
T-Lymphocyte Subsets
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
Antigens, CD44
Acidic sulfated integral membrane glycoproteins expressed in several alternatively spliced and variable glycosylated forms on a wide variety of cell types including mature T-cells, B-cells, medullary thymocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, erythrocytes, and fibroblasts. CD44 antigens are the principle cell surface receptors for hyaluronate and this interaction mediates binding of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)
Interleukin-2
Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte
Antigens, CD34
Cells, Cultured
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD3). Recognition of foreign antigen and the major histocompatibility complex is accomplished by a single heterodimeric antigen-receptor structure, composed of either alpha-beta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, ALPHA-BETA) or gamma-delta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA) chains.
Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating
Immunophenotyping
Antigens, CD2
Thymus Gland
A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.
Interferon-gamma
The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.
Antigens, CD95
A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype found in a variety of tissues and on activated LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for FAS LIGAND and plays a role in regulation of peripheral immune responses and APOPTOSIS. Multiple isoforms of the protein exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. The activated receptor signals via a conserved death domain that associates with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM.
Antigens, CD80
A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CD28 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD80 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a costimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.
Antigens, CD38
Clone Cells
A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Antigens, Surface
Antigens, CD14
T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer
Subpopulation of CD4+ lymphocytes that cooperate with other lymphocytes (either T or B) to initiate a variety of immune functions. For example, helper-inducer T-cells cooperate with B-cells to produce antibodies to thymus-dependent antigens and with other subpopulations of T-cells to initiate a variety of cell-mediated immune functions.
Antigens, CD1
Antigens, CD19
Phytohemagglutinins
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta
Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
Measure of histocompatibility at the HL-A locus. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from two individuals are mixed together in tissue culture for several days. Lymphocytes from incompatible individuals will stimulate each other to proliferate significantly (measured by tritiated thymidine uptake) whereas those from compatible individuals will not. In the one-way MLC test, the lymphocytes from one of the individuals are inactivated (usually by treatment with MITOMYCIN or radiation) thereby allowing only the untreated remaining population of cells to proliferate in response to foreign histocompatibility antigens.
Cytokines
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
Antigens, CD5
Glycoproteins expressed on all mature T-cells, thymocytes, and a subset of mature B-cells. Antibodies specific for CD5 can enhance T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell activation. The B-cell-specific molecule CD72 is a natural ligand for CD5. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)
Lymph Nodes
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
CD4 Lymphocyte Count
Antigens, CD86
A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CD28 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD86 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a stimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Dendritic Cells
Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).
Antigens, Differentiation
Antigens, CD56
Receptors, Interleukin-2
Receptors present on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES and B-LYMPHOCYTES that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-2 and play an important role in LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION. They are heterotrimeric proteins consisting of the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT, the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR BETA SUBUNIT, and the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA-CHAIN.
Antigens, CD45
High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopoietic progenitors. They contain a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity which plays a role in intracellular signaling from the CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. The CD45 antigens occur as multiple isoforms that result from alternative mRNA splicing and differential usage of three exons.
Antigens, CD18
Antigens, CD4
55-kDa antigens found on HELPER-INDUCER T-LYMPHOCYTES and on a variety of other immune cell types. CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX class II-restricted immune responses. On T-lymphocytes they define the helper/inducer subset. CD4 antigens also serve as INTERLEUKIN-15 receptors and bind to the HIV receptors, binding directly to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120.
HLA-DR Antigens
Leukocyte Count
Concanavalin A
Immunity, Cellular
Lichenoid Eruptions
Conditions in which there is histological damage to the lower epidermis along with a grouped chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the papillary dermis disturbing the interface between the epidermis and dermis. LICHEN PLANUS is the prototype of all lichenoid eruptions. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p398)
HIV-1
Jurkat Cells
Immunohistochemistry
Antigens, CD43
Killer Cells, Natural
Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type.
Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Cell Division
Lymphocyte Depletion
Immunologic Memory
Antigens, CD30
A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that may play a role in the regulation of NF-KAPPA B and APOPTOSIS. They are found on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; MAST CELLS and NK CELLS. Overexpression of CD30 antigen in hematopoietic malignancies make the antigen clinically useful as a biological tumor marker. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.
Histocompatibility Antigens Class II
Large, transmembrane, non-covalently linked glycoproteins (alpha and beta). Both chains can be polymorphic although there is more structural variation in the beta chains. The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. In mice, two genes named IA and IE on chromosome 17 code for the H-2 antigens. The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. The term IA antigens used to refer only to the proteins encoded by the IA genes in the mouse, but is now used as a generic term for any class II histocompatibility antigen.
Mice, Transgenic
Amino Acid Sequence
Interleukin-4
Antigens, CD20
Lymphocyte Transfusion
Phenotype
Antigens, CD24
Antigens, CD57
Antigens, CD7
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Antigens, CD11
A group of three different alpha chains (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c) that are associated with an invariant CD18 beta chain (ANTIGENS, CD18). The three resulting leukocyte-adhesion molecules (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION) are LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1; MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN; and ANTIGEN, P150,95.
Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte
Th1 Cells
Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete interleukin-2, gamma-interferon, and interleukin-12. Due to their ability to kill antigen-presenting cells and their lymphokine-mediated effector activity, Th1 cells are associated with vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.
Mitogens
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Base Sequence
Antigens, CD36
Leukocyte differentiation antigens and major platelet membrane glycoproteins present on MONOCYTES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; PLATELETS; and mammary EPITHELIAL CELLS. They play major roles in CELL ADHESION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; and regulation of angiogenesis. CD36 is a receptor for THROMBOSPONDINS and can act as a scavenger receptor that recognizes and transports oxidized LIPOPROTEINS and FATTY ACIDS.
Rosette Formation
The in vitro formation of clusters consisting of a cell (usually a lymphocyte) surrounded by antigenic cells or antigen-bearing particles (usually erythrocytes, which may or may not be coated with antibody or antibody and complement). The rosette-forming cell may be an antibody-forming cell, a memory cell, a T-cell, a cell bearing surface cytophilic antibodies, or a monocyte possessing Fc receptors. Rosette formation can be used to identify specific populations of these cells.
Antigens, CD9
Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1
An integrin heterodimer widely expressed on cells of hematopoietic origin. CD11A ANTIGEN comprises the alpha chain and the CD18 antigen (ANTIGENS, CD18) the beta chain. Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 is a major receptor of T-CELLS; B-CELLS; and GRANULOCYTES. It mediates the leukocyte adhesion reactions underlying cytolytic conjugate formation, helper T-cell interactions, and antibody-dependent killing by NATURAL KILLER CELLS and granulocytes. Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 has been defined as a ligand for lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1.
Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing
Cell surface glycoproteins on lymphocytes and other leukocytes that mediate adhesion to specialized blood vessels called high endothelial venules. Several different classes of lymphocyte homing receptors have been identified, and they appear to target different surface molecules (addressins) on high endothelial venules in different tissues. The adhesion plays a crucial role in the trafficking of lymphocytes.
Monocytes
Immunoglobulin G
Antigen Presentation
The process by which antigen is presented to lymphocytes in a form they can recognize. This is performed by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Some antigens require processing before they can be recognized. Antigen processing consists of ingestion and partial digestion of the antigen by the APC, followed by presentation of fragments on the cell surface. (From Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)
Antigens, CD59
Leukocytes, Mononuclear
Antigens, CD70
A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that specifically binds to CD27 ANTIGEN. It is found on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; and DENDRITIC CELLS where it plays a role in stimulating the proliferation of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES and CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES.
Antigens, Neoplasm
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Antigen-Presenting Cells
A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. Traditional antigen-presenting cells include MACROPHAGES; DENDRITIC CELLS; LANGERHANS CELLS; and B-LYMPHOCYTES. FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS are not traditional antigen-presenting cells, but because they hold antigen on their cell surface in the form of IMMUNE COMPLEXES for B-cell recognition they are considered so by some authors.
HLA-A2 Antigen
Antigens, CD47
Antigens, CD11b
Antigens, CD46
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Perforin
A calcium-dependent pore-forming protein synthesized in cytolytic LYMPHOCYTES and sequestered in secretory granules. Upon immunological reaction between a cytolytic lymphocyte and a target cell, perforin is released at the plasma membrane and polymerizes into transmembrane tubules (forming pores) which lead to death of a target cell.
Forkhead Transcription Factors
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta
T-cell receptors composed of CD3-associated gamma and delta polypeptide chains and expressed primarily in CD4-/CD8- T-cells. The receptors appear to be preferentially located in epithelial sites and probably play a role in the recognition of bacterial antigens. The T-cell receptor gamma/delta chains are separate and not related to the gamma and delta chains which are subunits of CD3 (see ANTIGENS, CD3).
Histocompatibility Antigens Class I
Membrane glycoproteins consisting of an alpha subunit and a BETA 2-MICROGLOBULIN beta subunit. In humans, highly polymorphic genes on CHROMOSOME 6 encode the alpha subunits of class I antigens and play an important role in determining the serological specificity of the surface antigen. Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and are generally detected by their reactivity with alloantisera. These antigens are recognized during GRAFT REJECTION and restrict cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells.
Immune Tolerance
The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (fetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc.
Mice, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.
Antigens, CD58
Cell Movement
Histocompatibility Antigens
A group of antigens that includes both the major and minor histocompatibility antigens. The former are genetically determined by the major histocompatibility complex. They determine tissue type for transplantation and cause allograft rejections. The latter are systems of allelic alloantigens that can cause weak transplant rejection.
Antigens, CD137
A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that is specific for 4-1BB LIGAND. It is found in a variety of immune cell types including activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; NATURAL KILLER CELLS; and DENDRITIC CELLS. Activation of the receptor on T-LYMPHOCYTES plays a role in their expansion, production of cytokines and survival. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.
Lymphoid Tissue
Antigens, CD81
Immunoglobulins
Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.
Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
Proteins secreted from an organism which form membrane-spanning pores in target cells to destroy them. This is in contrast to PORINS and MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS that function within the synthesizing organism and COMPLEMENT immune proteins. These pore forming cytotoxic proteins are a form of primitive cellular defense which are also found in human LYMPHOCYTES.
Immunotherapy, Adoptive
Form of adoptive transfer where cells with antitumor activity are transferred to the tumor-bearing host in order to mediate tumor regression. The lymphoid cells commonly used are lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). This is usually considered a form of passive immunotherapy. (From DeVita, et al., Cancer, 1993, pp.305-7, 314)
Fas Ligand Protein
A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that was originally discovered on cells of the lymphoid-myeloid lineage, including activated T-LYMPHOCYTES and NATURAL KILLER CELLS. It plays an important role in immune homeostasis and cell-mediated toxicity by binding to the FAS RECEPTOR and triggering APOPTOSIS.
Lectins
Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.
Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Adoptive Transfer
HIV Infections
Cell Differentiation
Granzymes
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Receptors, Immunologic
Antigens, CD11c
Antigens, CD31
Lymphocytes, Null
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Coculture Techniques
Antibody Formation
Immune Adherence Reaction
A method for the detection of very small quantities of antibody in which the antigen-antibody-complement complex adheres to indicator cells, usually primate erythrocytes or nonprimate blood platelets. The reaction is dependent on the number of bound C3 molecules on the C3b receptor sites of the indicator cell.
Palatine Tonsil
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.
Gene Expression Regulation
Antigens, CD55
Antigens, CD11a
Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
Major Histocompatibility Complex
The genetic region which contains the loci of genes which determine the structure of the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS, genes which control the structure of the IMMUNE RESPONSE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS, HUMAN; the IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES which control the ability of an animal to respond immunologically to antigenic stimuli, and genes which determine the structure and/or level of the first four components of complement.
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
CD30 Ligand
Immunization
Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).
Leukemia, Lymphoid
HLA-A Antigens
Polymorphic class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens present on almost all nucleated cells. At least 20 antigens have been identified which are encoded by the A locus of multiple alleles on chromosome 6. They serve as targets for T-cell cytolytic responses and are involved with acceptance or rejection of tissue/organ grafts.
Immunoglobulin M
Antigens, CD151
HLA Antigens
L-Selectin
Cell Communication
CTLA-4 Antigen
Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)
This enzyme is a lymphoid-specific src family tyrosine kinase that is critical for T-cell development and activation. Lck is associated with the cytoplasmic domains of CD4, CD8 and the beta-chain of the IL-2 receptor, and is thought to be involved in the earliest steps of TCR-mediated T-cell activation.
Mice, SCID
Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Leukocytes
Pokeweed Mitogens
Lectins, C-Type
Immunotherapy
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.
Hypersensitivity, Delayed
Peptide Fragments
Gene Expression
Antigens, CD63
Antigens, CD13
Herpesvirus 4, Human
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Bone Marrow Cells
Up-Regulation
Autoimmune Diseases
Immunosuppression
Deliberate prevention or diminution of the host's immune response. It may be nonspecific as in the administration of immunosuppressive agents (drugs or radiation) or by lymphocyte depletion or may be specific as in desensitization or the simultaneous administration of antigen and immunosuppressive drugs.
Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell
Molecule composed of the non-covalent association of the T-cell antigen receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL) with the CD3 complex (ANTIGENS, CD3). This association is required for the surface expression and function of both components. The molecule consists of up to seven chains: either the alpha/beta or gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor, and four or five chains in the CD3 complex.
Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit
Antitumor effect of allogenic fibroblasts engineered to express Fas ligand (FasL). (1/13590)
Fas ligand is a type II transmembrane protein which can induce apoptosis in Fas-expressing cells. Recent reports indicate that expression of FasL in transplanted cells may cause graft rejection and, on the other hand, tumor cells may lose their tumorigenicity when they are engineered to express FasL. These effects could be related to recruitment of neutrophils by FasL with activation of their cytotoxic machinery. In this study we investigated the antitumor effect of allogenic fibroblasts engineered to express FasL. Fibroblasts engineered to express FasL (PA317/FasL) did not exert toxic effects on transformed liver cell line (BNL) or colon cancer cell line (CT26) in vitro, but they could abrogate their tumorigenicity in vivo. Histological examination of the site of implantation of BNL cells mixed with PA317/FasL revealed massive infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and mononuclear cells. A specific immune protective effect was observed in animals primed with a mixture of BNL or CT26 and PA317/FasL cells. Rechallenge with tumor cells 14 or 100 days after priming resulted in protection of 100 or 50% of animals, respectively. This protective effect was due to CD8+ cells since depletion of CD8+ led to tumor formation. In addition, treatment of pre-established BNL tumors with a subcutaneous injection of BNL and PA317/FasL cell mixture at a distant site caused significant inhibition of tumor growth. These data demonstrate that allogenic cells engineered with FasL are able to abolish tumor growth and induce specific protective immunity when they are mixed with neoplastic cells. (+info)Generation of CD8(+) T-cell responses to Mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterial antigen in experimental bovine tuberculosis. (2/13590)
Protective immunity against tuberculosis is considered to be essentially cell mediated, and an important role for CD8(+) T lymphocytes has been suggested by several studies of murine and human infections. The present work, using an experimental model of infection with Mycobacterium bovis in cattle, showed that live M. bovis elicits the activation of CD8(+) T cells in vitro. However, a sonic extract prepared from M. bovis (MBSE) and protein purified derivative (PPDb) also induced a considerable degree of activation of the CD8(+) T cells. Analysis of proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, purified CD8(+) T cells, and CD8(+) T-cell clones to M. bovis and to soluble antigenic preparations (MBSE, PPDb) showed that the responses of all three types of cells were always superior for live mycobacteria but that strong responses were also obtained with complex soluble preparations. Furthermore, while cytotoxic capabilities were not investigated, the CD8(+) T cells were found to produce and release gamma interferon in response to antigen (live and soluble), which indicated one possible protective mechanism for these cells in bovine tuberculosis. Finally, it was demonstrated by metabolic inhibition with brefeldin A and cytochalasin D at the clonal level that an endogenous pathway of antigen processing is required for presentation to bovine CD8(+) cells and that presentation is also dependent on phagocytosis of the antigen. (+info)Fas and Fas ligand interaction induces apoptosis in inflammatory myopathies: CD4+ T cells cause muscle cell injury directly in polymyositis. (3/13590)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the involvement of the Fas/Fas ligand (Fas/FasL) system in the inflammatory myopathies. METHODS: Frozen muscle sections obtained from 7 patients with polymyositis (PM), 4 patients with dermatomyositis (DM), and 3 controls were studied by immunochemistry. Apoptosis was detected by DNA electrophoresis and in situ labeling using the TUNEL method. RESULTS: Fas was detected on muscle fibers and infiltrating mononuclear cells (MNC) in 6 PM patients and 2 DM patients. FasL was expressed mainly on CD4+ T cells and some CD8+ T cells, and on macrophages surrounding Fas-positive muscles in 4 PM patients and 1 DM patient. In 3 of the 5 patients with FasL-positive MNC, the TUNEL method showed that both invaded myonuclei and MNC underwent apoptosis. Chromosomal DNA from the muscle tissue of these patients showed ladder formation. CONCLUSION: Fas/FasL is involved in muscle cell apoptosis in at least 2 of the inflammatory myopathies, PM and DM. Although CD8+-mediated cytotoxicity is thought to be the main mechanism of muscle injury in PM, our data suggest that CD4+ T cells also directly cause muscle cell damage. (+info)Protection against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection induced by a reduced peptide bond analogue of the H-2Db-restricted CD8(+) T cell epitope GP33. (4/13590)
Recent investigations have suggested that pseudopeptides containing modified peptide bonds might advantageously replace natural peptides in therapeutic strategies. We have generated eight reduced peptide bond Psi(CH2-NH) analogues corresponding to the H-2Db-restricted CD8(+) T cell epitope (called GP33) of the glycoprotein of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. One of these pseudopeptides, containing a reduced peptide bond between residues 6 and 7 (Psi(6-7)), displayed very similar properties of binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and recognition by T cell receptor transgenic T cells specific for GP33 when compared with the parent peptide. We assessed in vitro and in vivo the proteolytic resistance of GP33 and Psi(6-7) and analyzed its contribution to the priming properties of these peptides. The Psi(6-7) analogue exhibited a dramatically increased proteolytic resistance when compared with GP33, and we show for the first time that MHC-peptide complexes formed in vivo with a pseudopeptide display a sustained half-life compared with the complexes formed with the natural peptide. Furthermore, in contrast to immunizations with GP33, three injections of Psi(6-7) in saline induced significant antiviral protection in mice. The enhanced ability of Psi(6-7) to induce antiviral protection may result from the higher stability of the analogue and/or of the MHC-analogue complexes. (+info)Disproportionate recruitment of CD8+ T cells into the central nervous system by professional antigen-presenting cells. (5/13590)
Inappropriate immune responses, thought to exacerbate or even to initiate several types of central nervous system (CNS) neuropathology, could arise from failures by either the CNS or the immune system. The extent that the inappropriate appearance of antigen-presenting cell (APC) function contributes to CNS inflammation and pathology is still under debate. Therefore, we characterized the response initiated when professional APCs (dendritic cells) presenting non-CNS antigens were injected into the CNS. These dendritic cells expressed numerous T-cell chemokines, but only in the presence of antigen did leukocytes accumulate in the ventricles, meninges, sub-arachnoid spaces, and injection site. Within the CNS parenchyma, the injected dendritic cells migrated preferentially into the white matter tracts, yet only a small percentage of the recruited leukocytes entered the CNS parenchyma, and then only in the white matter tracts. Although T-cell recruitment was antigen specific and thus mediated by CD4+ T cells in the models used here, CD8+ T cells accumulated in numbers equal to or greater than that of CD4+ T cells. Few of the recruited T cells expressed activation markers (CD25 and VLA-4), and those that did were primarily in the meninges, injection site, ventricles, and perivascular spaces but not in the parenchyma. These results indicate that 1) the CNS modulates the cellular composition and activation states of responding T-cell populations and that 2) myelin-restricted inflammation need not be initiated by a myelin-specific antigen. (+info)N,N'-Diacetyl-L-cystine-the disulfide dimer of N-acetylcysteine-is a potent modulator of contact sensitivity/delayed type hypersensitivity reactions in rodents. (6/13590)
Oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is used clinically for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NAC is easily oxidized to its disulfide. We show here that N,N'-diacetyl-L-cystine (DiNAC) is a potent modulator of contact sensitivity (CS)/delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions in rodents. Oral treatment of BALB/c mice with 0.003 to 30 micromol/kg DiNAC leads to enhancement of a CS reaction to oxazolone; DiNAC is 100 to 1000 times more potent than NAC in this respect, indicating that it does not act as a prodrug of NAC. Structure-activity studies suggest that a stereochemically-defined disulfide element is needed for activity. The DiNAC-induced enhancement of the CS reaction is counteracted by simultaneous NAC-treatment; in contrast, the CS reaction is even more enhanced in animals treated with DiNAC together with the glutathione-depleting agent buthionine sulfoximine. These data suggest that DiNAC acts via redox processes. Immunohistochemically, ear specimens from oxazolone-sensitized and -challenged BALB/c mice treated with DiNAC display increased numbers of CD8(+) cells. DiNAC treatment augments the CS reaction also when fluorescein isothiocyanate is used as a sensitizer in BALB/c mice; this is a purported TH2 type of response. However, when dinitrofluorobenzene is used as a sensitizer, inducing a purported TH1 type of response, DiNAC treatment reduces the reaction. Treatment with DiNAC also reduces a DTH footpad-swelling reaction to methylated BSA. Collectively, these data indicate that DiNAC in vivo acts as a potent and effective immunomodulator that can either enhance or reduce the CS or DTH response depending on the experimental conditions. (+info)Interleukin-10-treated human dendritic cells induce a melanoma-antigen-specific anergy in CD8(+) T cells resulting in a failure to lyse tumor cells. (7/13590)
Dendritic cells (DC) are critically involved in the initiation of primary immune processes, including tumor rejection. In our study, we investigated the effect of interleukin-10 (IL-10)-treated human DC on the properties of CD8(+) T cells that are known to be essential for the destruction of tumor cells. We show that IL-10-pretreatment of DC not only reduces their allostimulatory capacity, but also induces a state of alloantigen-specific anergy in both primed and naive (CD45RA+) CD8(+) T cells. To investigate the influence of IL-10-treated DC on melanoma-associated antigen-specific T cells, we generated a tyrosinase-specific CD8(+) T-cell line by several rounds of stimulation with the specific antigen. After coculture with IL-10-treated DC, restimulation of the T-cell line with untreated, antigen-pulsed DC demonstrated peptide-specific anergy in the tyrosinase-specific T cells. Addition of IL-2 to the anergic T cells reversed the state of both alloantigen- or peptide-specific anergy. In contrast to optimally stimulated CD8(+) T cells, anergic tyrosinase-specific CD8(+) T cells, after coculture with peptide-pulsed IL-10-treated DC, failed to lyse an HLA-A2-positive and tyrosinase-expressing melanoma cell line. Thus, our data demonstrate that IL-10-treated DC induce an antigen-specific anergy in cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells, a process that might be a mechanism of tumors to inhibit immune surveillance by converting DC into tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells. (+info)Phenotypic and functional characterization of CD8(+) T cell clones specific for a mouse cytomegalovirus epitope. (8/13590)
A series of CD8(+) T cell clones, specific for the IE1 epitope YPHFMPTNL, of the immediate-early protein 1 of the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) were generated in order to determine their protective activity against this infection and correlate their phenotypic markers with antiviral activity. We found that the adoptive transfer of three of these anti-MCMV CD8(+) T cell clones into irradiated naive mice resulted in protection against challenge, while another CD8(+) T cell clone, of the same specificity, failed to confer protection. The clones that conferred protection against lethal challenge reduced greatly viral replication in the lung and other organs of the mice. Using one of the protective anti-MCMV CD8(+) T cell clones we found that in order to be fully protective the cells had to be transferred to recipient mice no later than 1 day after MCMV challenge. The adoptive transfer of these CD8(+) T cell clones also protected CD4(+) T-cell-depleted mice. Phenotypic characterization of the anti-MCMV clones revealed that the nonprotective clone expressed very low levels of CD8 molecules and produced only small amounts of TNF-alpha upon antigenic stimulation. Most importantly, our current study demonstrates that this MHC class I-restricted IE1 epitope of MCMV is efficiently presented to CD8(+) T cell clones in vivo and further strengthens the possibility of the potential use of CD8(+) T cell clones as immunotherapeutic tools against cytomegalovirus-induced disease. (+info)
Epitope specificity and longevity of a vaccine-induced human T cell response against HPV18 -ORCA
Protective influenza-specific CD8 T cell responses require interactions with dendritic cells in the lungs | JEM
p286/I-Ag7 tetramer-positive CD4+ T cells from G286 mic | Open-i
Frequency, Private Specificity, and Cross-Reactivity of Preexisting Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)-Specific CD8+ T Cells in HCV...
Hemagglutinin-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses following 2009-pH1N1 inactivated split-vaccine inoculation in humans. |...
Arbeitsgruppe Thimme | wizper
A Rapid-Response Humoral Vaccine Platform Exploiting Pre-Existing Non-Cognate Populations of Anti-Vaccine or Anti-Viral CD4+ T...
A Rapid-Response Humoral Vaccine Platform Exploiting Pre-Existing Non-Cognate Populations of Anti-Vaccine or Anti-Viral CD4+ T...
Beta-cell-specific CD8 T cell phenotype in type 1 diabetes reflects chronic autoantigen exposure - UQ eSpace
Epitope specificity delimits the functional capabilities of vaccine-induced CD8 T cell populations - WRAP: Warwick Research...
In vitro assay to evaluate the impact of immunoregulatory pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T cell effector function. | CHAVI-ID
Experimental Immunology
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Transition from substorm growth to substorm expansion phase as observed with a radial configuration of ISTP and Cluster...
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Quiescent phenotype of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells following immunization | IRIS Verona
Neoantigen-specific CD4+ T-cell response is critical for the therapeutic efficacy of cryo-thermal therapy | Journal for...
Frontiers | Nutrient and Metabolic Sensing in T Cell Responses | Immunology
miR-146a controls the resolution of T cell responses in mice | JEM
A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics (PK), and Efficacy of TAK-169 in Participants With Relapsed or...
Effective T cell vaccines
Genocea Seeks First T Cell Vaccine, Opening a New Pathway to Target Herpes and other Intracellular and Mucosal Pathogens
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A fine and private place
SOPA Provisions Being Introduced Piecemeal From Lamar Smith - Slashdot
Identification of an MHC class Ib-restricted CD8 T cell response to polyoma virus infection (B136) | The Journal of Immunology
Use of one-pot, mix-and-read peptide-MHC class I tetramers and predictive algorithms to improve detection of cytotoxic T...
Differences in HIV-Specific T Cell Responses between HIV-Exposed and -Unexposed HIV-Seronegative Individuals | Journal of...
Lymphoid reservoirs of antigen-specific memory t helper cells
Influenza virus-specific CD4+ T helper type 2 T lymphocytes do not promote recovery from experimental virus infection. |...
Maintenance of HIV-specific CD4+ T cell help distinguishes HIV-2 from HIV-1 infection. - Radcliffe Department of Medicine
Preferential Expansion of Human Virus-Specific Multifunctional Central Memory T Cells by Partial Targeting of the IL-2 Receptor...
Susan Kaech, PhD | Yale School of Medicine
EBV-Specific CD8+ T Cell Memory: Relationships Between Epitope Specificity, Cell Phenotype, and Immediate Effector Function |...
Differential immunogenicity of HIV-1 clade C proteins in eliciting CD8+ and CD4+ cell responses. - Department of Paediatrics
2B4 Over-Expression Impairs Donor-Reactive CD8+ T Cell Proliferation and Accumulation Following Transplantation. - ATC Abstracts
The known unknowns of T cell immunity to COVID-19 | Science Immunology
Differentiation of CD8 T cells in response to acute and chronic viral infections: Implications for HIV vaccine development<...
HLA-B7-Restricted EBV-Specific CD8+ T Cells Are Dysregulated in Multiple Sclerosis
T-cell exhaustion in HIV infection<...
Investigation of in-vivo antigen-specific T cell responses | www.mikrobio.med.tum.de
Plus it
Increased frequency of cytotoxic CXCR5+effector memory CD8+T cells during natural control of HIV-1 infection<...
Plus it
Plus it
Co-potentiation of antigen recognition: A mechanism to boost weak T cell responses and provide immunotherapy in vivo | Science...
Visualization of peptide-specific T cell immunity and peripheral tolerance induction in vivo
Stem Cell Markers
Regulation of primary and secondary CD4 and CD8 T cell memory - John Harty
Frontiers | Cognate Antigen Stimulation Generates Potent CD8+ Inflammatory Effector T Cells | Immunology
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IL-12p70-producing patient DC vaccine elicits Tc1-polarized immunity
Host genetic profiles predict virological and immunological control of HIV-1 infection in adolescent | RTI
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In situ vaccination with defined factors overcomes T cell exhaustion in distant tumors
Mutations in STAT3 and IL12RB1 impair the development of human IL-17-producing T cells | Journal of Experimental Medicine |...
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Article Archive | Scientist Live
Avian orthoreovirus
The most activity was observed during the subacute phase with an increase in CD8 and CD4 lymphocytes. At this phase, clusters ... During the chronic phase, a high amount of CD4 T- cells and a few IgM-positive B-cells were observed.[17] ... Within the synovium collected, plasma cells and T-lymphocytes were the primary inflammatory cells present. During the acute- ... and T and B-lymphocytes were observed to determine its effects on cellular infiltrates during the development of reovirus ...
Xanthogranulomatous inflammation
Many T lymphocytes were identified by these authors positive to CD4 and CD8. Macrophages and T lymphocytes demonstrated a ... The foam cells of monocyte/macrophage origin are positive for KP1, HAM56, CD11b and CD68 as pointed out by Nakashiro et al. in ... Under microscope, the cellular infiltrate includes neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, erythrocytes, hemosiderin-laden ...
Memory T cell inflation
The number of CMV memory CD8 + T lymphocytes then predominate and the total number of available naïve T lymphocytes decrease. ... CD8+T cells form up to 50 % of all peripheral blood memory cells in HCV-positive elderly individuals. The same effect on the ... This results in a population of migrating effector CD8 + T-lymphocytes and the second small population called central memory T- ... Immune response against CMV is primarily provided by CD8 + T cells which recognize viral fragments in MHC class I complex on ...
Infectious mononucleosis
CD8-positive) T cells against infected B lymphocytes, resulting in enlarged, atypical lymphocytes (Downey cells). When the ... When positive, they feature similar specificity to the heterophile antibody test. Therefore, these tests are useful for ... The atypical lymphocytes resembled monocytes when they were first discovered, thus the term "mononucleosis" was coined. A ... Usually, a person with IM has few, if any, further symptoms or problems from the latent B lymphocyte infection. However, in ...
Interferon type II
... it is produced by CD4 Th1 and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector T cell. Furthermore, non-cytotoxic innate lymphoid ... Therefore, there is a positive feedback loop which suppress Th2 cell differentiation. The defense against an infection is led ... As an immune response, this homodimer is released by natural killer T lymphocytes (NK). When the antigen-specific immunity ... by NK cells when they secrete the interferon, whereas the adaptative immune response is directed by mainly T lymphocytes with ...
Interferon gamma
On the contrary, it was stressed: "Interferon-γ secreted by CD8-positive lymphocytes upregulates PD-L1 on ovarian cancer cells ... It was also shown to be produced in human lymphocytes. or tuberculin-sensitized mouse peritoneal lymphocytes challenged with ... and by CD4 Th1 and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector T cells once antigen-specific immunity develops as part of the ... April 2015). "IFN-γ from lymphocytes induces PD-L1 expression and promotes progression of ovarian cancer". British Journal of ...
Thymocyte
... positive for both CD4 and CD8). The final stage in maturation is the single positive stage (positive for either CD4 or CD8). In ... Additionally, other non-T hematopoietic lineages can develop in the thymus, including B lymphocytes (B cells), Natural Killer ... At this stage thymocytes upregulate both CD4 and CD8, becoming double positive cells. Double positive thymocytes that have a T ... Expression of both CD4 and CD8 makes them double positive, and matures into either CD4+ or CD8+ cells. Thymocytes are ...
IRF1
Homozygous mutant animals had abnormal peripheral blood lymphocytes, specifically decreased CD8-positive T cell and NK cell ... numbers and an increase in CD4-positive T cells. The mice also had an abnormal integument phenotype determined by a study of ...
Human leukocyte antigen
Foreign antigens presented by MHC class I attract T-lymphocytes called killer T-cells (also referred to as CD8-positive or ... HLAs corresponding to MHC class II (DP, DM, DO, DQ, and DR) present antigens from outside of the cell to T-lymphocytes. These ... A representative cellular assay is the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and used to determine the HLA class II types. The ... particular antigens stimulate the multiplication of T-helper cells (also called CD4-positive T cells), which in turn stimulate ...
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia
T-PLL has the immunophenotype of a mature (post-thymic) T-lymphocyte, and the neoplastic cells are typically positive for pan-T ... The immunophenotype CD4+/CD8- is present in 60% of cases, the CD4+/CD8+ immunophenotype is present in 25%, and the CD4-/CD8+ ... A high lymphocyte count (> 100 x 109/L) along with low amounts of red blood cells and platelets in the blood are common ... In the peripheral blood, T-PLL consists of medium-sized lymphocytes with single nucleoli and basophilic cytoplasm with ...
Thymic epithelial cell
... are proliferated and differentiated to the double positive (DP) stages. These CD4+ and CD8+ double positive T lymphocytes ... Double negative (DN) T cells, as a progenitors with CD44 and CD25 expression but lack of CD4 and CD8 coreceptor expression, ... T lymphocytes. These single positive cells migrate out of the cortex to the medulla, where the process continues as a negative ... These factors partake in positive selection of T cells. Specific markers on the surface of cTEC are Ly51 and CD 205 and even ...
List of MeSH codes (A11)
... cd8-positive t-lymphocytes MeSH A11.118.637.555.567.569.220.200 - t-lymphocytes, cytotoxic MeSH A11.118.637.555.567.569.500 - t ... cd4-positive t-lymphocytes MeSH A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400 - t-lymphocytes, helper-inducer MeSH A11.118.637.555.567.569. ... b-lymphocyte subsets MeSH A11.118.637.555.567.550.500 - t-lymphocyte subsets MeSH A11.118.637.555.567.562 - b-lymphocytes MeSH ... lymphocyte subsets MeSH A11.118.637.555.567.622 - lymphocytes, null MeSH A11.118.637.555.567.650 - lymphocytes, tumor- ...
Esophageal achalasia
... shown an inflammatory response consisting of CD3/CD8-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes, variable numbers of eosinophils and mast ...
Autoimmune pancreatitis
... or CD8-positive lymphocytes and IgG4-positive plasma cells, and exhibits interstitial fibrosis and acinar cell atrophy in later ... It has been proposed that a cytologic smear primarily composed of acini rich in chronic inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, plasma ... Histopathologic examination of the pancreas shows fibrotic changes with lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltrate. For diagnosis, ...
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
... for ALPS Mild elevations also found in other autoimmune diseases Thought to be cytotoxic T lymphocytes that have lost CD8 ... Can have antibodies to blood cells (DAT, anti-neutrophil, anti-platelet). Also, can have positive ANA, RF, ANCA Defective in ... Sirolimus may not be as immune suppressive in normal lymphocytes as other agents. Some patients have had improvement in immune ... 2009). "FAS-L, IL-10, and double-negative CD4−CD8− TCR α/β+ T cells are reliable markers of autoimmune lymphoproliferative ...
List of MeSH codes (A15)
... cd8-positive t-lymphocytes MeSH A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220.200 - t-lymphocytes, cytotoxic MeSH A15.145.229.637.555.567. ... t-lymphocytes, regulatory MeSH A15.382.490.555.567.569.220 - cd8-positive t-lymphocytes MeSH A15.382.490.555.567.569.220.200 - ... t-lymphocytes MeSH A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200 - cd4-positive t-lymphocytes MeSH A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400 - t- ... cd4-positive t-lymphocytes MeSH A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400 - t-lymphocytes, helper-inducer MeSH A15.382.490.555.567.569. ...
Eosinophilia
CD7 positive T cells, CD3 negative, CD4 positive T cells, or CD3 positive, CD4 negative, CD8 negative T cells) and is thought ... In on study of 16 lymphocyte-variant hypereosinophilia patients with the aberrant CD3 negative, CD41 positive immunophenotype, ... in T-cells or the proliferation of lymphocytes with the CD3 negative, CD41 positive immunophenotype may occur during the ... Lymphocyte-variant hypereosinophilia is a disorder attributed to the expansion of a cytokine-producing, aberrant population of ...
Large granular lymphocytic leukemia
"Clonal expansion of lymphocytes bearing the gamma delta T-cell receptor in a patient with large granular lymphocyte disorder". ... Immunohistochemistry for perforin, TIA-1, and granzyme B are usually positive. Clonal rearrangements of the T-cell receptor ( ... are transformed CD8+ T-cell with clonal rearrangements of β chain T-cell receptor genes for the majority of cases and a CD8- T- ... The neoplastic lymphocytes seen in this disease are large in size with azurophilic granules that contains proteins involved in ...
McDonald criteria
... and different lymphocyte subtypes, reacting to CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD138. The sensitivity of McDonald criteria is low with ... In order to reduce false positives, McDonald et al. propose that their criteria should be applied only after any other disease ... of positives in the follow up using as reference the 2010 criteria after a follow-up of 3.8 ± 2.9 years. No reduction in ... ", "dissemination" and a "positive MRI", etc. Later they were revised again in 2017. McDonald criteria are the standard ...
CD83
Successful rearrangement of reactive TCR supports surviving and conservation of just CD4 or CD8 expression on single positive ( ... CD83 expression correlates with rate of activation of B lymphocytes and it is under control of BCR, CD40, or TLRs activation ... Soluble CD83 also binds to CD154 leading to supports Th2 T lymphocytes apoptosis by suppression of BCL inhibitors. It was ... on membrane causes reduced CD4+ T lymphocytes activation together with IL-12 production. On the other hand, CD83 KO with ...
Tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues
Primary cutaneous CD8-positive aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma Primary cutaneous acral CD8-positive T-cell ... Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma Classic Hodgkin lymphoma Nodular sclerosis classic Hodgkin lymphoma Lymphocyte- ... leg type EBV-positive DLBCL, NOS EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation Fibrin-associated ... ALK-positive Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK-negative Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma Hodgkin ...
Memory T cell
CD8-positive) subset, similar populations appear to exist for both the helper T cells (CD4-positive) and the cytotoxic T cells ... TEM : TEM and TEMRA lymphocytes are primarily active as the CD8 variants, thus being mainly responsible for cytotoxic action ... Those lymphocytes are capable of self-renewal as are the TCM lymphocytes and are also capable of generating both the TCM and ... Although CD8 virtual memory T cells were the first to be described, it is now known that CD4 virtual memory cells also exist. ...
PRDM1
The increased expression of the Blimp-1 protein in B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, NK cell and other immune system cells leads to ... In T cells, it is crucial for most terminal effector cell differentiation in CD 4 and CD8 T cells. BLIMP-1 acts as a repressor ... July 2005). "Targeting positive regulatory domain I-binding factor 1 and X box-binding protein 1 transcription factors by ... Fu SH, Yeh LT, Chu CC, Yen BL, Sytwu HK (July 2017). "New insights into Blimp-1 in T lymphocytes: a divergent regulator of cell ...
Harald von Boehmer
Von Boehmer studied the role of T lymphocytes in the immune system. In particular he addressed the contribution of the T cell ... Questions concerned with the role of positive and negative selection of developing T cells by peptide-MHC complexes in the ... Nature 261, 141 (1976). Allo-MHC-restricted CD4 and CD8 T cells in hemopoietic chimeras reveal plasticity of MHC-restricted ... Harald von Boehmer (30 November 1942 - 24 June 2018) was a German-Swiss immunologist best known for his work on T lymphocytes. ...
T cell
CD8+), and finally mature to single-positive (CD4+CD8− or CD4−CD8+) thymocytes that are then released from the thymus to ... A T cell, or T lymphocyte, is a type of lymphocyte (a subtype of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated ... The process of positive selection takes a number of days.[34] Double-positive thymocytes (CD4+/CD8+) move deep into the thymic ... A thymocyte's fate is determined during positive selection. Double-positive cells (CD4+/CD8+) that interact well with MHC class ...
Postpartum thyroiditis
Women who test positive for thyroid antibodies may be at increased risk of developing symptoms associated with postpartum ... CD8 ratio) TSH-receptor antibodies (TSH-R Abs) This condition is commonly undiagnosed by physicians due to either unfamiliarity ... increase in TPOAb subclasses IgG1-IgG3 lymphocyte infiltration and follicle formation within thyroid gland (Hashimoto's ...
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
The polymorphous infiltrate consists of lymphocytes of moderate size with pale/clear cytoplasm and smaller reactive lymphocytes ... AITL typically has the phenotype of a mixture of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, with a CD4:CD8 ratio greater than unity. Polyclonal ... and positive rheumatoid factor. The normal architecture of a lymph node is partially effaced by a polymorphous infiltrate and ...
Tetramer assay
CTLs are also called CD8+ T-cells, because they have CD8 co-receptors that bind to MHC class I molecules. Most cells in the ... Hence, if a tetramer stain specific for a pathogenic peptide results in a positive signal, this may indicate that the person's ... "The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types". Anatomy and Physiology II. Lumen Learning. Retrieved ... Tetramer stains usually analyze cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) populations. ...
T cell
If the cell does not lose its signal, it will continue downregulating CD8 and become a CD4+, single positive cell. This process ... A T cell is a type of lymphocyte. T cells are one of the important white blood cells of the immune system and play a central ... The process of positive selection takes a number of days. A thymocyte's fate is determined during positive selection. Double- ... and single positive. About 98% of thymocytes die during the development processes in the thymus by failing either positive ...
T细胞 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
一个T细胞的命运就在阳性选择的过程中被决定。在双阳性(CD4+/CD8+)T细胞中,能够与MHC-II分子结合得较好的将成为CD4+细胞,而和MHC-I分子有更高亲和力的将成为CD8+细胞。将成为CD4+细胞的细胞将会逐渐下调自己的CD8,最终成为单阳性 ... T细胞(英語:T cell、T lymphocyte)是淋巴细胞的一种,在免疫反應中扮演着重要
Antigen
If activated cytotoxic CD8+ T cells recognize them, the T cells secrete various toxins that cause the lysis or apoptosis of the ... As of 2015 mass spectrometry resolution is insufficient to exclude many false positives from the pool of peptides that may be ... They become activated and start to secrete cytokines, substances that activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), antibody- ... Cytotoxic T lymphocytes that recognize these antigens may be able to destroy tumor cells.[15] ...
SIDA, a enciclopedia libre
May, MT; Ingle, SM (2011 Dec). "Life expectancy of HIV-positive adults: a review". Sexual health 8 (4): 526-33. PMID 22127039. ... A viremia aguda está case invariablemente asociada coa activación das células T CD8+ (ou T citotóxicas), que matan ás células ... Alimonti JB, Ball TB, Fowke KR (2003). "Mechanisms of CD4+ T lymphocyte cell death in human immunodeficiency virus infection ... Unha boa resposta das células T CD8+ está asociada cunha progresión máis lenta da enfermidade e un mellor prognóstico, aínda ...
P-selectin
positive regulation of leukocyte migration. • platelet degranulation. • regulation of integrin activation. • cell adhesion. • ... PSGL-1 is situated on various hematopoietic cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, in which it ... positive regulation of platelet activation. • leukocyte migration. • response to lipopolysaccharide. • calcium-dependent cell- ... positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. • inflammatory response. • calcium-mediated signaling using ...
Interleukin 15
positive regulation of T cell proliferation. • regulation of defense response to virus by host. • positive regulation of ... CD8+ memory T cell number is controlled by a balance between IL-15 and IL-2. When IL-15 binds its receptor, JAK kinase, STAT3, ... In rodent lymphocytes, IL-15 prevents apoptosis by inducing BCL2L1/BCL-x(L), an inhibitor of the apoptosis pathway.[10] In ... positive regulation of immune response. • inflammatory response. • immune response. • positive regulation of cell proliferation ...
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
B lymphocytes or T lymphocytes). Cytogenetic testing on the marrow samples can help classify disease and predict how aggressive ... Person with t(9,22) positive-ALL (30% of adult ALL cases) and other Bcr-abl-rearranged leukemias are more likely to have a poor ... CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8 - + TdT + + CytogeneticsEdit. Cytogenetic analysis has shown different proportions and frequencies ... on the cell surface can help differentiate malignant lymphocyte cells from reactive lymphocytes, white blood cells that are ...
Adaptive immune system
LymphocytesEdit. Main article: Lymphocyte. T and B lymphocytes are the cells of the adaptive immune system. The human body has ... Endogenous antigens are typically displayed on MHC class I molecules, and activate CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells. With the exception ... immunity as they are uniquely capable of migrating to follicular B cells in secondary lymphoid organs and provide them positive ... In jawless fishes, two subsets of lymphocytes use variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) for antigen binding.[33] Diversity is ...
CDH1 (gene)
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated. • cellular response to lithium ion. • cell adhesion. • extracellular ... Lymphocyte homing receptor: CD44. *L-selectin. *integrin (VLA-4, LFA-1). *Carcinoembryonic antigen ... positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus. • pituitary gland development. • response to toxic substance. ...
C-C chemokine receptor type 6
positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility involved in capacitation. • lymphocyte migration. • T cell migration. • ... positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration. • positive regulation of epithelial cell migration. • dendritic ... positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis. • signal transduction. • calcium-mediated signaling. • chemotaxis. • cell ... 1997). "Identification of CCR6, the specific receptor for a novel lymphocyte-directed CC chemokine LARC". J. Biol. Chem. 272 ( ...
Limfocyty T regulatorowe, wolna encyklopedia
limfocyty T CD8+CD25+Foxp3+[26] - subpopulacja analogiczna do poprzednio wymienionej, jednak występująca wśród limfocytów T CD8 ... A new I subregion (I-J) marked by a locus (Ia-4) controlling surface determinants on suppressor T lymphocytes. „J Exp Med". 144 ... Thymic commitment of regulatory T cells is a pathway of TCR-dependent selection that isolates repertoires undergoing positive ... limfocyty CD8+CD28−[27] - utożsamiane z wcześniejszymi limfocytami Ts, również nie posiadają ekspresji czynnika Foxp3. ...
LAG3
"The MHC class II ligand lymphocyte activation gene-3 is co-distributed with CD8 and CD3-TCR molecules after their engagement by ... positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. • antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide ... LAG3 also helps maintain CD8+ T cells in a tolerogenic state[9] and, working with PD-1, helps maintain CD8 exhaustion during ... "Entrez Gene: LAG3 lymphocyte-activation gene 3".. *^ a b c Triebel F, Jitsukawa S, Baixeras E, Roman-Roman S, Genevee C, Viegas ...
Transplant rejection
Alloreactive killer T cells, also called cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), have CD8 receptors that dock to the transplanted ... type B-positive with a type AB-positive graft) require eventual retransplantation, the recipient may receive a new organ of ... Lymphocytes include two classes that enact adaptive immunity, also called specific immunity. Lymphocytes of specific immunity T ... There is a risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), however, whereby mature lymphocytes entering with marrow recognize the new ...
Human leukocyte antigen
... also called CD8 positive- or cytotoxic T-cells) that destroy cells. MHC class I proteins associate with β2-microglobulin, which ... HLAs corresponding to MHC class II (DP, DM, DOA, DOB, DQ, and DR) present antigens from outside of the cell to T-lymphocytes. ... A representative cellular assay is the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and used to determine the HLA class II types.[20] The ...
T helper cell
As naïve CD8+ T cells have no true bias towards foreign sources, these T cells must rely on the activation of CD28 for ... The key Th2 transcription factors are STAT6 and GATA3.[10] IL-4 is the positive feedback cytokine for Th2 cells differentiation ... These effects are primarily due to the loss of any helper T cell that can interact with the B lymphocyte correctly. Another ... CD8+ T cells are not stimulated as effectively during the AIDS stage of HIV infection, making AIDS patients very susceptible to ...
T cell
A thymocyte's fate is determined during positive selection. Double-positive cells (CD4+/CD8+) that interact well with MHC class ... A T cell is a type of lymphocyte which develops in the thymus gland and plays a central role in the immune response. T cells ... Double-positive thymocytes (CD4+/CD8+) move deep into the thymic cortex, where they are presented with self-antigens. These ... If the cell does not lose its signal, it will continue downregulating CD8 and become a CD4+, single positive cell.[6] ...
Visceral leishmaniasis
Indeed, up to 32% of the healthy population may test positive, but not require treatment.[29][30] Conversely, because ... All of these lymphocytes act, at least in part, by secreting IL-10 and other suppressive cytokines. ... "CD8 T Cell Exhaustion in Human Visceral Leishmaniasis". J. Infect. Dis. 209 (2): 290-99. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit401. PMC ... A second rapid test (called latex agglutination test) gave correct, positive results in 64% of the people with the disease and ...
Prostaglandin DP2 receptor
positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway. • immune response. • neuropeptide signaling ... D2 is a potent and selective CRTH2 receptor agonist and causes activation of human eosinophils and Th2 lymphocytes". ...
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4
positive regulation of cell proliferation. • T cell activation. • cell adhesion. • Viral entry. • regulation of insulin ... "CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV in lymphocyte growth regulation". Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 421: 127-40. doi: ...
CD154
positive regulation of interleukin-4 production. • positive regulation of interleukin-10 production. • positive regulation of T ... CD40 ligand is primarily expressed on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes but is also found in a soluble form. While CD40L was ... positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process. • B cell proliferation. • isotype switching. • immune response. • ... positive regulation of interleukin-12 production. • regulation of immunoglobulin secretion. • immunoglobulin secretion. • ...
CD38
CD8+, B lymphocytes and natural killer cells. CD38 also functions in cell adhesion, signal transduction and calcium signaling.[ ... positive regulation of cell growth. • positive regulation of B cell proliferation. • positive regulation of vasoconstriction. • ... positive regulation of insulin secretion. • negative regulation of bone resorption. • NAD metabolic process. • positive ... positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration. • response to progesterone. • female pregnancy. • negative ...
VCAM-1
positive regulation of T cell proliferation. • membrane to membrane docking. • regulation of immune response. • leukocyte ... The VCAM-1 protein mediates the adhesion of lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils to vascular endothelium. It also ...
Ukimwi, kamusi elezo huru
Zwahlen M, Egger M (2006) (PDF). Progression and mortality of untreated HIV-positive individuals living in resource-limited ... Mwitikio bora wa seli za CD8+ T umehusishwa na kupungua kwa mwendo wa ugonjwa na pia prognosi bora zaidi, ingawa mwitikio huu ... Alimonti JB, Ball TB, Fowke KR (2003). "Mechanisms of CD4+ T lymphocyte cell death in human immunodeficiency virus infection ... May, MT; Ingle, SM (2011 Dec). "Life expectancy of HIV-positive adults: a review". Sexual health 8 (4): 526-33. doi:10.1071/ ...
CXCR5 - Википедия
positive regulation of cytokinesis. • chemokine-mediated signaling pathway. • Хемотаксис. • B cell activation. • G-protein ... Lipp M., Müller G. Shaping up adaptive immunity: the impact of CCR7 and CXCR5 on lymphocyte trafficking (англ.) // ... positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration. • calcium-mediated signaling. • cell chemotaxis. ... and CXCR5-expressing lymphocytes and immature dendritic cells to migrate (англ.) // Blood (англ.)русск. : journal. - American ...
AIDS, ang malayang ensiklopedya
Ang dugong CD8+ na selulang T ay ipinagpapalagay na mahalaga sa pagkokontrol ng mga lebel ng virus na sumusukdol (peak) at ... May, MT; Ingle, SM (2011 Dec). "Life expectancy of HIV-positive adults: a review". Sexual health. 8 (4): 526-33. doi:10.1071/ ... Electron micrograp ng HIV-1 (sa berde) na umuusbong mula sa kulturadong lymphocyte. Ang maraming mga bilog na bukol sa ibabaw ... Ang isang mabuting dugong CD8+ na selulang T ay inigunay sa mas mabagal na pagpapatuloy ng sakit at isang mas mabuting ...
Interferon gamma
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production. • CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune ... and by CD4 Th1 and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector T cells once antigen-specific immunity develops.[11][12] IFNγ is ... positive regulation of exosomal secretion. • positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell ... positive regulation of neuron differentiation. • positive regulation of T cell proliferation. • cell cycle arrest. • positive ...
Gluten-sensitive enteropathy-associated conditions
A sizable fraction of individuals who have gluten ataxia have signs of GSE (either CD or elevated intraepitheal lymphocytes) ... haplotypes has been under positive selection, and appears to be the most characteristic HLA type in NW Europeans indicating an ... Decreased expression of: CD8, CD4, TCR-alpha/beta. Clonal T-cell expansion in RCD2 is not manageable with steroids (see: RCD 1 ... Antibodies to this protein correlated with levels of lymphocyte infiltration into Islet regions of the pancreas.[52] ...
SLAMF1
positive regulation of cell proliferation. • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. • phagocytosis. • lymphocyte ... positive regulation of JNK cascade. • cell adhesion. • negative regulation of CD40 signaling pathway. • negative regulation of ... positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation. • negative regulation of interleukin-12 production. • natural killer ... positive regulation of interferon-gamma secretion. • myeloid dendritic cell activation involved in immune response. • ...
Burkitt's lymphoma
Burkitt lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, particularly B lymphocytes found in the germinal center. It is named ... The high mitotic activity of Burkitt lymphoma is confirmed by nearly 100% of the cells staining positive for Ki67.[7] ... CD8). By. development/. marker. *TdT+: ALL (Precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma) ... of normal germinal center lymphocytes. Tumor cells possess small amounts of basophilic cytoplasm with three to four small ...
CD4-Positive and CD8-Positive Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Contribute to Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 and E7 Responses | Clinical...
CD4-Positive and CD8-Positive Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Contribute to Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 and E7 Responses. Mayumi ... CD4-Positive and CD8-Positive Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Contribute to Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 and E7 Responses ... CD4-Positive and CD8-Positive Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Contribute to Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 and E7 Responses ... CD4-Positive and CD8-Positive Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Contribute to Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 and E7 Responses ...
Immunoelectron-microscopic study of CD4- and CD8- positive lymphocytes from healthy donors seropositive for human T...
In order to determine the fine structural differences and labeling by immunoferritin particles of CD4-positive (CD4+) and CD8 ... Immunoelectron-microscopic study of CD4- and CD8- positive lymphocytes from healthy donors seropositive for human T- ... and CD8 positive (CD8+) cells at the ultrastructural level, short term cultured lymphocytes from eight healthy donors ... Sera of eight donors were all positive on the particle agglutination (PA) test, but only of the four of the eight were positive ...
CD8-positive lymphocytes in graft-versus-host disease of humanized NOD.Cg-Prkdc<sup>scid</sup> Il2rg<sup>tm1Wjl...
CD8-positive lymphocytes in graft-versus-host disease of humanized NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice. / Laing, S. T.; ... CD8-positive lymphocytes in graft-versus-host disease of humanized NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice. Journal of ... Laing, S. T., Griffey, S. M., Moreno, M. E., & Stoddart, C. A. (2015). CD8-positive lymphocytes in graft-versus-host disease of ... Laing, S. T. ; Griffey, Stephen M ; Moreno, M. E. ; Stoddart, C. A. / CD8-positive lymphocytes in graft-versus-host disease of ...
Cd8-positive t-lymphocytes | definition of Cd8-positive t-lymphocytes by Medical dictionary
What is Cd8-positive t-lymphocytes? Meaning of Cd8-positive t-lymphocytes medical term. What does Cd8-positive t-lymphocytes ... Looking for online definition of Cd8-positive t-lymphocytes in the Medical Dictionary? Cd8-positive t-lymphocytes explanation ... Cd8-positive t-lymphocytes , definition of Cd8-positive t-lymphocytes by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary. ... redirected from Cd8-positive t-lymphocytes). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia. cytotoxic T cell. n.. See ...
Clinicopathologic implications of immune classification by PD-L1 expression and CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in...
PD-L1−/CD8Low, 22.7%; PD-L1+/CD8Low, 2.3%; PD-L1−/CD8High, 52.3%. PD-L1+/CD8High type accounted for majority of EBV+ and MSI- ... Clinicopathologic implications of immune classification by PD-L1 expression and CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in ... PD-L1−/CD8High showed the best overall survival (OS) and PD-L1−/CD8Low the worst (P , 0.001). PD-L1 expression alone was not ... We co-assessed PD-L1 expression and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in gastric cancer (GC), and categorized into 4 ...
Publication Year: 2019 / Subject: CD8-positive T-lymphocytes - PubAg Search Results
Author: 'Xia, Hong' / Publication Year: 2019 / Subject: CD8-positive T-lymphocytes and humans / Text Availability: Citation in...
CD8-positive T-lymphocytes Remove constraint Subject: CD8-positive T-lymphocytes Subject humans Remove constraint Subject: ... CD8-positive T-lymphocytes; animal injuries; animal models; biotin; cerebrospinal fluid; cytokines; enzyme-linked immunosorbent ... 1. CD8 T cell-derived perforin aggravates secondary spinal cord injury through destroying the blood-spinal cord barrier ...
Direct quantitation of rapid elimination of viral antigen-positive lymphocytes by antiviral CD8(+) T cells in vivo. - Nuffield...
Here, we study the elimination kinetics of viral antigen-positive lymphocytes by antiviral CD8(+) T cells using flow cytometry ... Unexpectedly, the elimination kinetics of antigen-positive lymphocytes was not significantly impaired in mice deficient in ... For viruses with a particular tropism for lymphocytes, such as Epstein-Barr virus or HIV, our results illustrate how ... effectively CD8(+) T cell-mediated elimination of target cells can potentially contribute to virus control and ...
The use of HLA-A*0201-transfected K562 as standard antigen-presenting cells for CD8(+) T lymphocytes in IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays
They are particularly attractive for the monitoring of specific T lymphocyte responses in clinical trials assessing antigen … ... influenza virus and melanoma in PBMC from HLA-A*0201-positive donors. In the majority of cases, peptide-pulsed K562/A*0201 ... K562/A*0201 cells were then used as APC in IFN-gamma spot assays to detect ex vivo CD8(+) T lymphocytes responsive to known HLA ... The use of HLA-A*0201-transfected K562 as standard antigen-presenting cells for CD8(+) T lymphocytes in IFN-gamma ELISPOT ...
Analysis of CD8 T cell reactivity to cytomegalovirus using protein-spanning pools of overlapping pentadecapeptides
... protein-specific CD8 T cells, identified by the presence of intracellular IFN-gamma, were measured by flow cytometry following ... CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology* * Cytomegalovirus / immunology * Cytomegalovirus Infections / blood * Cytomegalovirus ... Analysis of CD8 T cell reactivity to cytomegalovirus using protein-spanning pools of overlapping pentadecapeptides Eur J ... As a result all potential CD8 T cell epitopes contained in these proteins were provided by the complete pools and, therefore, ...
CD8+CD28− T Regulatory Lymphocytes Inhibiting T Cell Proliferative and Cytotoxic Functions Infiltrate Human Cancers | The...
... were used for purification of CD8+CD28+ (by positive selection) and CD8+CD28− (by negative selection) T lymphocytes; the CD4+ ... Purification of CD8+CD28+, CD8+CD28−, and CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from surgical specimens were purified filtering ... of CD8+CD28+, CD8+CD28−, or CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes (1 × 105 cells/well). The experiments with CD8+CD28− T cells were performed ... "Analysis of Frequency and Functional Activity of Telomerase-Specific CD8+ T Lymphocytes and CD8+ T Suppressor Lymphocytes in ...
Adaptive cell-mediated cytotoxicity against allogeneic targets by CD8-positive lymphocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus...
T1 - Adaptive cell-mediated cytotoxicity against allogeneic targets by CD8-positive lymphocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus ... Adaptive cell-mediated cytotoxicity against allogeneic targets by CD8-positive lymphocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus ... Adaptive cell-mediated cytotoxicity against allogeneic targets by CD8-positive lymphocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus ... title = "Adaptive cell-mediated cytotoxicity against allogeneic targets by CD8-positive lymphocytes of rainbow trout ( ...
Effectiveness of Adding Interleukin-2 to Anti-HIV Drugs in Patients Recently Infected With HIV - Full Text View -...
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes. CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes. Biological Markers. Lamivudine. Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Anti- ... cytotoxic T cell lymphocyte function and CD4 T helper function correlates with the patterns of cellular immune antiviral ... a cohort of HIV negative individuals that tested with the Options Project to use as a comparison group with the HIV positive ...
The Biology of HIV Transmission - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
TNK cells (NKG2D+ CD8+ or CD4+ T ... preview & related info | Mendeley
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes: immunology. *CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes. *CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes: immunology ... Among these, the NKG2D molecule was identified as expressed by T lymphocytes, including most CD8+ cells and a minority of CD4+ ... Moreover, NKG2D and TCR triggering was also observed by peripheral blood derived T lymphocyte- or T cell clone-mediated tumor ... TNK cells (NKG2D+ CD8+ or CD4+ T lymphocytes) in the control of human tumors.. *Maccalli C ...
Selective depletion of CD8 positive T-lymphocytes for prevention of graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic bone marrow...
Selective depletion of CD8 positive T-lymphocytes for prevention of graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic bone marrow ... Selective depletion of CD8 positive T-lymphocytes for prevention of graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic bone marrow ... Selective depletion of CD8 positive T-lymphocytes for prevention of graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic bone marrow ... T1 - Selective depletion of CD8 positive T-lymphocytes for prevention of graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic bone ...
Prognostic relevance of preoperative circulating CD8-positive lymphocytes in the urinary bladder recurrence of urothelial...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Prognostic relevance of preoperative circulating CD8-positive lymphocytes in the ... T1 - Prognostic relevance of preoperative circulating CD8-positive lymphocytes in the urinary bladder recurrence of urothelial ... Prognostic relevance of preoperative circulating CD8-positive lymphocytes in the urinary bladder recurrence of urothelial ... Prognostic relevance of preoperative circulating CD8-positive lymphocytes in the urinary bladder recurrence of urothelial ...
High levels of CD8-positive lymphocytes expressing CD45R0, granzyme B, and Ki-67 in lymph nodes of HIV-infected individuals are...
High levels of CD8-positive lymphocytes expressing CD45R0, granzyme B,... High levels of CD8-positive lymphocytes expressing ... However, there were significantly higher concentrations of CD3(+)CD8(+), CD8(+)CD45R0(+), and CD8(+)Ki-67(+) lymphocytes in the ... and CD8(+)Ki-67(+) lymphocytes. This finding allowed us to conclude that CD8(+) lymphocytes expressing high levels of CD45R0, ... whereas low concentrations of CD8(+) granzyme B(+) and CD8(+)Ki-67(+) lymphocytes may be associated with poor prognosis. ...
Immunoelectron-microscopic study of CD4- and CD8- positive lymphocytes from healthy donors seropositive for human T...
title = "Immunoelectron-microscopic study of CD4- and CD8- positive lymphocytes from healthy donors seropositive for human T- ... T1 - Immunoelectron-microscopic study of CD4- and CD8- positive lymphocytes from healthy donors seropositive for human T- ... Immunoelectron-microscopic study of CD4- and CD8- positive lymphocytes from healthy donors seropositive for human T- ... Immunoelectron-microscopic study of CD4- and CD8- positive lymphocytes from healthy donors seropositive for human T- ...
Human papillomavirus type 16 nucleoprotein E7 is a tumor rejection antigen | PNAS
T lymphocytes infiltrating advanced grades of cervical neoplasia. CD8-positive cells are recruited to invasion ... HPV16-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses are detected in all HPV16-positive cervical cancer patients ... Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Contain Higher Numbers of Type 1 Cytokine Expressors and DR+ T Cells Compared with Lymphocytes ... Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells Can Eliminate Antigen-Bearing Keratinocytes with Clonogenic Potential via an IFN-γ-Dependent ...
Publications | AIDS Clinical Trials Group
Markers of inflammation and CD8 T-cell activation, but not monocyte activation, are associated with subclinical carotid artery...
The aim of the study was to explore the relationships between lymphocyte and monocyte activation, inflammation, and subclinical ... CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*. Carotid Artery Diseases / immunology*, pathology. Cholesterol, LDL / blood. Cross- ... All subjects were adults on stable ART with evidence of heightened T-cell activation (CD8(+)CD38(+)HLA-DR(+) ≥ 19%) or ... Mean CCA-IMT was correlated with log-transformed CD8(+)CD38(+)HLA-DR(+) percentage (r = 0.326; P = 0.043), and concentrations ...
Search of: CD8 | Washington, United States - List Results - ClinicalTrials.gov
TNFRSF17 Positive. *Biological: Autologous Anti-BCMA-CAR-expressing CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocytes FCARH143 ... Mean Percentage Change From Baseline in Circulating Lymphocyte Subsets CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, and CD56+ at Month 3 of Tysabri ... Maximum concentration (Cmax) of autologous human anti-CD19CAR-4-1BB-CD3zeta-EGFRt-expressing CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocytes (huJCAR014 ... Biological: Autologous Anti-CD19CAR-4-1BB-CD3zeta-EGFRt-expressing CD4+/CD8+ Central Memory T-lymphocytes JCAR014 ...
Tumor Pre-Analytics in Molecular Pathology: Impact on Protein Expression and Analysis | SpringerLink
... in a significant increase of CD8-positive lymphocytes within the tumor microenvironment but a decrease in FOXP3-positive T cell ... No changes were reported for circulating CD8-positive lymphocytes. Metabolomic profiling of pre- and postanesthesia plasma ... while viability and apoptosis of circulating CD4-positive lymphocytes were significantly affected by propofol administration [8 ... Lower levels of oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in lymphocytes from patients undergoing surgery with propofol anesthesia. ...
T Cell Immunotherapy for Advanced Ovarian Cancer
This phase I/Ib trial studies the side effects and best dose of utomilumab and how well it works with CD8-positive T-lymphocyte ... This phase I/Ib trial studies the side effects and best dose of utomilumab and how well it works with CD8-positive T-lymphocyte ... COL6A3 Positive, HLA-A*0201 Positive Cells Present, PRAME Positive, Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma ...
Anti-CD8 alpha antibody [144B] (ab17147) | Abcam
Mouse monoclonal CD8 alpha antibody [144B] validated for WB, IHC, Flow Cyt and tested in Human. Referenced in 10 publications ... Positive control. *IHC-P: Human tonsil tissue. Flow Cyt: Human peripheral blood lymphocytes. ... Defects in CD8A are a cause of familial CD8 deficiency (CD8 deficiency) [MIM:608957]. Familial CD8 deficiency is a novel ... All lanes : Anti-CD8 alpha antibody [144B] (ab17147) at 1/500 dilution. Lane 1 : Peripheral T-lymphocyte lysate. Lane 2 : PC3 ...
Avian orthoreovirus - Wikipedia
The most activity was observed during the subacute phase with an increase in CD8 and CD4 lymphocytes. At this phase, clusters ... During the chronic phase, a high amount of CD4 T- cells and a few IgM-positive B-cells were observed.[17] ... Within the synovium collected, plasma cells and T-lymphocytes were the primary inflammatory cells present. During the acute- ... and T and B-lymphocytes were observed to determine its effects on cellular infiltrates during the development of reovirus ...
The effects of altered exercise distribution on lymphocyte subpopulations.
... lymphocyte subpopulations and plasma cortisol concentration in peripheral blood were assessed in 19 healthy subjects. The ... The effects of exercise distribution on lymphocyte count, ... CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes. CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes. ... The effects of exercise distribution on lymphocyte count, lymphocyte subpopulations and plasma cortisol concentration in ... CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. The S2 variables statistically significant from B were: total lymphocyte count (P , 0.01), CD3+ T- ...
Total-Body Irradiation, Fludarabine, and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Hematologic Cancer
Cd8-positive T-lymphocytes. A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted ... T-lymphocytes. Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, ... They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes. ... CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the ...
Perfil fenotípico e funcional de células Natural Killers induzido por ligantes de...
CD8-positive T-lymphocytes. HVI-1. Natural Killer cells. Toll-like receptors. ... High frequency of CD8+CD38+ and CD8+PD-1+ (programmed cell death protein 1) T-cells were observed in EU and HIV-1 groups, in ... Elevada frequência de células T CD8+ CD38+ e CD8+PD-1+ (programmed cell death protein 1) foi detectado nos grupos ENI e HIV-1, ... Moreover, expansion of NK CD56dim cells expressing CD94, NKG2C, and CD57 was prevalent on ENI group, which positive correlation ...
SubsetsObserved antigen-specificMacrophagesPeripheral bloodEpitopesAntigensCellsCytotoxicitySmall lymphocytesLymph nodesAntibodiesSubsetImmunologicInfiltrationViralApoptosisSubpopulationCountsNeoplasmsNeutrophilsResponsesLymphocyticCytolytic T lymphocyteCD25PhenotypeAntibodyEffectorSubpopulationsSignificantlyExpressionFlow cytometryProgressionInfiltrateSuppressorImmunohistochemistryTumor-specificAldesleukinLymphoidCytokinesCTLsSelectiveRegulatoryImmunohistochemicalProliferationLigandImmuneThymocytesCell-mediatedMiceAcute
Subsets10
- CD4 + CD25 + T regulatory lymphocytes associate with CD8 + CD28 − T regulatory cells so that the immunosuppressive activity of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cell subsets, altogether considered, may become predominant. (jimmunol.org)
- Preliminary results indicate that TCT has positive effects on some functions of CD4 T lymphocytes ( 18 ), but the properties of other peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets have not been well studied. (pnas.org)
- CD4+ T-cells and other lymphocyte subsets in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
- The guidelines describe single-platform technology (SPT), a process in which absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets are measured from a single tube by a single instrument. (cdc.gov)
- With CD45 gating, the relative numbers of beads and lymphocyte subsets are enumerated, and their absolute numbers and percentage values are calculated. (cdc.gov)
- Subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes were analysed in 31 patients. (bmj.com)
- Lymphopenia and the depletion of T lymphocyte subsets may be associated with disease activity. (bmj.com)
- Numbers of mature TCR(high)/CD4(-)8(+) thymocytes, and also their TCR(high)/CD4(+)8(+) precursors were decreased, as were levels of CD8 expression on all thymocyte subsets investigated. (rug.nl)
- The earliest T-cell progenitors are identified within the CD4 − CD8 − double-negative (DN) subset, which can be subdivided into four subsets based on the expression of CD44 and CD25 ( 22 ). (asm.org)
- T-lymphocyte subsets and monocytes in peripheral blood were quantified by flow cytometry. (aappublications.org)
Observed antigen-specific1
- However, several investigators have shown that CD4-positive cells may behave as CTLs, contributing to the observed antigen-specific cytotoxicity ( 1 , 4 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 14 ). (asm.org)
Macrophages11
- Under microscope, the cellular infiltrate includes neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, erythrocytes, hemosiderin-laden macrophages and prevalent foamy histiocytes.The latter are interspersed among other cells but often they cluster in a compacted mosaic-like pattern. (wikipedia.org)
- Macrophages and T lymphocytes demonstrated a marked expression of HLA-DR antigen. (wikipedia.org)
- contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection. (studystack.com)
- and type IV, delayed-type hypersensitivity, which is mediated largely by T lymphocytes and macrophages. (nap.edu)
- The current consensus is that many other immune cells besides CD4 + T cells-including CD8 + T cells, B cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and monocytes and macrophages-are involved in MS pathology ( 29 - 33 ). (sciencemag.org)
- The B chain activates macrophages and release lymphokines from lymphocytes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Enteric infections are known to increase T lymphocyte populations and activate mucosal macrophages but detailed studies after C jejuni are lacking. (bmj.com)
- Early in the disease process, the epidermis becomes infiltrated with CD8 T lymphocytes and macrophages, whereas the dermis displays a slight influx of CD4 lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
- LCH results from the clonal proliferation of immunophenotypically and functionally immature, morphologically rounded LCH cells found in relevant lesions along with eosinophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and, occasionally, multinucleated giant cells. (oncolink.org)
- BLC strongly attracts B lymphocytes while promoting migration of only small numbers of T cells and macrophages and therefore is the first chemokine identified with selectivity for B cells. (google.com)
- CD25 is also found on a subset of B cells (CD20 positive), on activated monocytes and macrophages, and on T cell clones. (beckman.com)
Peripheral blood11
- Moreover, NKG2D and TCR triggering was also observed by peripheral blood derived T lymphocyte- or T cell clone-mediated tumor recognition, both in melanoma and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. (mendeley.com)
- There is little literature about peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). (ncku.edu.tw)
- The frequencies of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) protein-specific CD8 T cells, identified by the presence of intracellular IFN-gamma, were measured by flow cytometry following stimulation of freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with comprehensive peptide pools. (nih.gov)
- The effects of exercise distribution on lymphocyte count, lymphocyte subpopulations and plasma cortisol concentration in peripheral blood were assessed in 19 healthy subjects. (biomedsearch.com)
- lymphocytes from peripheral blood samples from 20 healthy adult Arabian oryx (Oryx leucocoryx) was undertaken. (bioportfolio.com)
- Flow Cyt: Human peripheral blood lymphocytes. (abcam.com)
- To investigate the specific cell types which may respond to Barodon, two-color fluorescence flow cytometry was used with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of different isotypes that reacted with lymphocytes from peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues from treated feeder pigs. (aasv.org)
- Lysed human peripheral blood from a normal donor was labeled with CD4-Pacific Blue™ and CD8-Pacific Orange™ direct conjugates, and then labeled with the SYTOX® Orange Dead Cell Stain Kit before acquisition on the Attune® Acoustic Focusing Cytometer. (thermofisher.com)
- Subsequently, in peripheral blood and cervical lymph nodes, a 95% decrease of CD8(+) and a 50 to 80% decrease of CD4(+) T cells were demonstrated upon maturation from recent thymic migrants to mature peripheral T cells, leaving the BB rat with a severely reduced T cell population, consisting of CD4(+) T cells and a minute population of CD8(+) T cells. (rug.nl)
- EHV-1-specific, CD8 + class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have been identified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, reaching maximal levels 2 to 3 weeks postinfection (p.i.) ( 4 , 20 ). (asm.org)
- It is also expressed on NK cells enriched from peripheral blood lymphocytes by culturing in the presence of IL-2. (beckman.com)
Epitopes8
- K562/A*0201 cells were then used as APC in IFN-gamma spot assays to detect ex vivo CD8(+) T lymphocytes responsive to known HLA-A*0201-binding peptide epitopes derived from cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, influenza virus and melanoma in PBMC from HLA-A*0201-positive donors. (nih.gov)
- As a result all potential CD8 T cell epitopes contained in these proteins were provided by the complete pools and, therefore, unlike with single epitopes, testing was independent of donor HLA type. (nih.gov)
- Adoptively transferred tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) that mediate complete regression of metastatic melanoma have been shown to recognize mutated epitopes expressed by autologous tumors. (nih.gov)
- Together, our data show that a combination of DNA and MVA immunization induced robust, durable, multifunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) responses in baboons targeting multiple HIV epitopes that may home to mucosal sites. (curehunter.com)
- Five well-conserved novel CD8(+) T-cell epitopes of the HTNV nucleoprotein restricted by the most popular HLA alleles in Chinese Han population were defined with interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay in 37 patients infected with HTNV during hospitalization. (nih.gov)
- Two epitopes aa129-aa137 and aa131-aa139 restricted by HLA-A2 and B35, respectively, were selected to evaluate the epitope-specific CD8(+) T-cell response. (nih.gov)
- The novel HLA class I restricted HTNV nucleoprotein epitopes-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses would be closely related with the progression and the severity of the disease, which could provide the first step toward effective peptide vaccine development against HTNV infection in humans. (nih.gov)
- The molecule's positive charge allows for binding to phospholipids and cardiolipin, both of which can be found as epitopes on the surfaces of pathogens, and its 2nd and 3rd helices are principle players in lysing foreign or infected cells. (wikipedia.org)
Antigens2
- Clonal HLA-A*0201-expressing K562 (K562/A*0201) cells were able to process and present endogenously expressed and exogenously loaded melanoma peptide antigens to HLA-A*0201-restricted cytolytic T lymphocyte clones in cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays. (nih.gov)
- K562 cells transfected with HLA-A*0201 or other HLA genes can serve as standard APC for monitoring T lymphocyte responses against tumor and viral peptide antigens. (nih.gov)
Cells78
- Traditionally, CD8-positive CTLs are known to be the primary effector cells involved in protection from intracellular pathogens. (asm.org)
- The objective of this study was to determine whether the HPV-specific effectors responsible for the CTL response were primarily CD4 T lymphocytes and whether natural killer (NK) cells contributed to the observed killing. (asm.org)
- At the same time, a mixed lymphocyte culture was set as a positive cytotoxicity control with an irradiated (40 Gy) allogeneic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) (10 6 cells/well) for stimulation. (asm.org)
- In order to determine the fine structural differences and labeling by immunoferritin particles of CD4-positive (CD4+) and CD8 positive (CD8+) cells at the ultrastructural level, short term cultured lymphocytes from eight healthy donors seropositive for HTLV-I were examined and virus production was examined in vitro. (alliedacademies.org)
- Ultrastructurally, CD4 + cells were mostly smaller than CD8 + cells, with higher N/C ratio and a heterochromatin-rich nucleus. (alliedacademies.org)
- Interestingly, in CD4+ cells, two types of surface immunoferritin labeling were observed, light or slightly heavy segmental in pattern, though CD8 + cells were always labeled in dense, heavy segmental fashion, when antibodies were applied to short term cultured fresh lymphocytes. (alliedacademies.org)
- These findings demonstrated that labeling of CD4+ and CD8+ cells with each CD4 or CD8 antigen differed, as did the ultrastructural findings for these cells. (alliedacademies.org)
- Direct quantitation of rapid elimination of viral antigen-positive lymphocytes by antiviral CD8(+) T cells in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
- Lysis of infected cells by CD8(+) T cells is an important mechanism for the control of virus infections, but remains difficult to quantify in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
- Here, we study the elimination kinetics of viral antigen-positive lymphocytes by antiviral CD8(+) T cells using flow cytometry and mathematical analysis. (ox.ac.uk)
- For viruses with a particular tropism for lymphocytes, such as Epstein-Barr virus or HIV, our results illustrate how effectively CD8(+) T cell-mediated elimination of target cells can potentially contribute to virus control and immunosuppression. (ox.ac.uk)
- The involvement of CD8α-positive cytotoxic T cells in allograft rejection was supported by additional in vivo and in vitro observations. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- TNK cells (NKG2D+ CD8+ or CD4+ T lymphocytes) in the control of human tumors. (mendeley.com)
- Among these, the NKG2D molecule was identified as expressed by T lymphocytes, including most CD8+ cells and a minority of CD4+ cells, designated TNK cells in this paper. (mendeley.com)
- Tumor cells may overexpress the stress-inducible NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs: MICA/B, ULBPs) and the NKG2D signaling has been shown to be involved in lymphocyte-mediated anti-tumor activity. (mendeley.com)
- Double immunohistochemical staining procedures were developed to identify CD8(+) cells expressing CD45R0, granzyme B, and Ki-67. (ku.dk)
- Currently available allogeneic or xenogeneic APC (such as the human lymphoid hybrid T2 or HLA-transfected insect cells) can either lead to strong background spot production by APC-reactive T lymphocytes or have a low antigen presentation capability. (nih.gov)
- In the majority of cases, peptide-pulsed K562/A*0201 cells were similarly efficient in the ability to visualize single antigen-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes when compared to T2 cells. (nih.gov)
- However, in contrast to T2, background reactivity of CD8(+) T cells responsive to unpulsed K562/A*0201 was regularly found to be negligible, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of the ELISPOT assay, particularly in donors with strong anti-T2 reactivity. (nih.gov)
- This study was aimed at characterizing phenotype and function of CD8 + CD28 − T regulatory cells infiltrating human cancer. (jimmunol.org)
- Among mechanisms responsible for tumor immune escape, great relevance is attributed to tumor infiltration by regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg), 3 based on the observation that these cells are present in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), inhibit antitumor immune responses and their rate of infiltration correlates with tumor progression ( 5 ). (jimmunol.org)
- 0.05) between the 6 day.week-1 programme and the 3 alternate day.week-1 programme in total lymphocyte count, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, or CD19+ cells, the CD4:CD8 ratio, HLA-DR+ (activated) T cells or plasma cortisol concentrations. (biomedsearch.com)
- RATIONALE: Aldesleukin may stimulate lymphocytes to kill melanoma cells. (bioportfolio.com)
- Treating lymphocytes with interleukin-21 in the laboratory may help the lymphocytes kill more tumor cells when they. (bioportfolio.com)
- The foam cells of monocyte/macrophage origin are positive for KP1, HAM56, CD11b and CD68 as pointed out by Nakashiro et al. (wikipedia.org)
- Moreover, cells involved in cellular immunity and CD4 T lymphocytes have the capacity to respond to IL-2 after TCT. (pnas.org)
- IL-2 also stimulates the cytotoxic activity of CD8 T lymphocytes and NK cells, proliferation and Ig production by activated B lymphocytes, and some monocyte functions (for review see refs. (pnas.org)
- Familial CD8 deficiency is a novel autosomal recessive immunologic defect characterized by absence of CD8+ cells, leading to recurrent bacterial infections. (abcam.com)
- Lymph lymphocytes that aids B cells and stimulate T cells. (studystack.com)
- Organ the upper quadrant of the abdomen that destroys worn-out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes in stores blood. (studystack.com)
- URO-OVA mice express a membrane form of the model Ag ovalbumin (OVA) as a self-Ag on the bladder urothelium driven by the uroplakin II gene promoter and develop bladder inflammation upon introduction of OT-I CD8 + T cells that express the transgenic TCR specific for H2-K b /OVA 257-264 epitope [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Isolation of neoantigen-specific T cells from tumor and peripheral lymphocytes. (nih.gov)
- The percentage of tetramer-positive cells among the gated lymphocyte population is indicated. (nih.gov)
- Bulk-treatment TILs from patient 3713 were used as a positive control for effector cells. (nih.gov)
- To test this hypothesis, we used a T cell receptor transgenic mouse in which essentially all CD8 + T cells are specific for a closely related set of self-peptides presented on the MHC class I molecule L d . (rupress.org)
- CD70, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member critically expressed on antigen-presenting cells and strongly but transiently up-regulated during lymphocyte activation, represents an important co-stimulatory molecule that induces effective T cell responses. (frontiersin.org)
- Consistent with the graft survival, the infiltration of CD8 + T cells in the graft was reduced, dendritic cells were differentiated into a tolerogenic status, and the number of regulatory T cells was elevated both in the graft and the recipient's spleen. (frontiersin.org)
- Previous studies have shown that CD70 blockade can inhibit the clonal expansion of CD8 + T cells and reduce the generation of memory CD8 + T cells ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Indeed, the transgenic expression of CD70 on resting DCs is sufficient to provide CD8 + T cells with immunity, whereas its blockade averts CD8 + T cell priming in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection ( 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
- The counts of CD4 positive and CD8 positive T cells fell early in the course of illness. (bmj.com)
- Low counts of CD4 and CD8 cells at presentation were associated with adverse outcomes. (bmj.com)
- The diagnosis was confirmed by an indirect immunofluorescence assay with fetal rhesus kidney cells that were infected with coronavirus and fixed in acetone to detect a serological response to the virus 3 or by a positive viral culture. (bmj.com)
- Human solid tumors are often infiltrated by lymphocytes [tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs)], mostly T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
- b ) Histograms of CNS-infiltrating cells (R2) isolated from WT and p40 -/- mice injected with encephalitogenic lymphocytes. (jci.org)
- Percentage of positive cells is shown above the marker line (M1). (jci.org)
- 3 Another point is CD8 positivity of neoplastic cells, which is more common in the pediatric population. (scielo.br)
- 1 In addition, the presence of CD30-positive cells in plaque stage does not seem to have a prognostic significance, unlike cases with transformation to large cell lymphoma when their positivity is associated with better survival. (scielo.br)
- These recently activated CCR9 + CD8αβ + lymphocytes selectively localized to the small-intestinal mucosa, and in vivo neutralization of the CCR9 ligand, CCL25, reduced the ability of these cells to populate the small-intestinal epithelium. (jci.org)
- CD4 + CD8 + double-positive (DP), mature, peripheral T cells are readily detectable in a variety of species and tissues. (dtu.dk)
- We explored the possibility that DP T cells could represent aggregates between CD4 + and CD8 + single-positive T cells and found strong evidence that a large proportion of apparent DP T cells were indeed aggregates. (dtu.dk)
- However, the existence of true CD4 + CD8 + DP T cells was confirmed by Amnis Image-Stream (Millipore Sigma, Billerica, MA, USA) imaging. (dtu.dk)
- Moreover, the frequency of epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells at acute stage was inversely associated with the peak level of serum creatinine and was positively associated with the nadir platelet counts during the hospitalization. (nih.gov)
- The intracellular cytokine staining and the proliferation assay showed that the effective epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells were characterized with the production of interferon-γ, expression of CD69 and the strong capacity of proliferation. (nih.gov)
- Immunisation with this chimeric vaccine consistently generated strong HCMV-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cells which co-expressed IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, while the humoral response induced by this vaccine showed strong virus neutralizing capacity. (nih.gov)
- Furthermore, in vitro stimulation with this adenoviral chimeric vaccine rapidly expanded multiple antigen-specific human CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cells from healthy virus carriers. (nih.gov)
- Epithelial cells of the cortex interact with the earliest lymphocyte immigrants. (asm.org)
- On the other hand, thymocytes producing an αβTCR that binds self-peptide with low affinity are allowed to mature to the single-positive phenotype and are ultimately released from the thymus as functional T cells ( 30 , 31 ). (asm.org)
- Immunologists have been able to determine the sequence of events which lead to the maturation of T cells by using the expression pattern of CD4, CD8, and αβTCR. (asm.org)
- Because dead cells tend to bind nonspecifically to many reagents, they often give rise to false positive results in flow cytometry. (thermofisher.com)
- an abnormal co-positive population is observed when including dead cells in the analysis. (thermofisher.com)
- the mutually exclusive CD4 and CD8 populations are accurately identified by gating on live cells. (thermofisher.com)
- After the application of a lymphocyte gate ( A ), live and dead cells were discriminated using the LIVE/DEAD® Fixable Violet Dead Cell Stain Kit ( B ). Subsequent analysis of dead ( C ) and live ( D ) cells shows the dramatic difference in apparent phenotypes between two cell populations. (thermofisher.com)
- In this study we quantified CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells in T lymphocytopenic BB rats as compared with control rats at given stages along the maturational pathway from immature thymocytes to mature peripheral T cells. (rug.nl)
- Furthermore, as related to the number of available mature TCR(high) Single positive thymocytes, numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells most recently migrated from the thymus were severely decreased in BB blood, indicating either reduced thymic output or rapid cell death after migration. (rug.nl)
- Possible consequences of our findings for the generation of autoreactive CD8(+) T cells are discussed. (rug.nl)
- CD4:CD8 ratio reflected the pattern of the CD4 positive cells on d 4, with an increase associated with electrolyte administration following transport. (usda.gov)
- TK1 cells have a unique phenotype with high levels of the lymphocyte integrin, alpha 4, beta 7. (atcc.org)
- The apoptotic program is switched on in irreparably damaged or potentially dangerous cells such as self-reactive lymphocytes or cells that have been infected by viruses. (psu.edu)
- CD4 + CD8 + ) cells. (asm.org)
- At the DP stage, TCR α gene rearrangements take place, which lead to pairing of TCRα with TCRβ chains into a TCR complex and further selection processes that generate CD4 + or CD8 + single-positive (SP) cells. (asm.org)
- Depletion of CD8 + T cells by treatment with antibody and complement prior to assay eliminated CTL activity from both primary and memory populations, indicating that cytolytic activity in this model was mediated by class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted, CD8 + T cells. (asm.org)
- The elimination of both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells from the transferred cells abrogated clearance of RacL11, while the selective depletion of either subpopulation alone had little effect. (asm.org)
- Nonetheless, in melanoma-infiltrating lymphocytes, PD-1 expression is increased on tumor-reactive CD8 + T cells ( 5 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Using these tetramers, we find that α-GalCer-specific T lymphocytes are more widely distributed than was previously appreciated, with populations of largely NK1.1 − but tetramer-binding T cells present in the lymph nodes and the intestine. (rupress.org)
- Tetramers have been used widely to obtain a detailed analysis of the distribution and frequency of conventional CD4 + and CD8 + antigen-specific T cells during a variety of immune responses. (rupress.org)
- Type A is characterized by a a wedge-shaped diffuse dermal infiltrate containing scattered or clustered medium-sized to large pleomorphic or anaplastic lymphoid cells that are positive for CD30 (Figure 4). (renalandurologynews.com)
- These cells are admixed with many inflammatory cells, including small lymphocytes, histiocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils. (renalandurologynews.com)
- There are cohesive sheets of CD30+ large atypical lymphocytes with only a few admixed reactive inflammatory cells. (renalandurologynews.com)
Cytotoxicity2
- Unexpectedly, the elimination kinetics of antigen-positive lymphocytes was not significantly impaired in mice deficient in either perforin-, CD95 ligand- or TNF-mediated cytotoxicity. (ox.ac.uk)
- The unprecedented observation was made that CD8 + CD28 − T regulatory lymphocytes are almost constantly present and functional in human tumors, being able to inhibit both T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. (jimmunol.org)
Small lymphocytes2
- lymphocytes ranged in size from 2-3.5 µm and exhibited the typical repertoire of organelles found in small lymphocytes of other animals but showed no evidence of azurophilic granules. (bioportfolio.com)
- Small lymphocytes exhibited short, thick microvilli, whereas medium-sized lymphocytes had long thin microvilli, a single nucleolus and occasionally azurophilic granules and multivesicular bodies. (bioportfolio.com)
Lymph nodes4
- To study the role of cytotoxic and mitotic active CD8(+) lymphocytes in lymph nodes during HIV infection we examined 28 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph nodes sampled from 1984 to 1986 from 21 HIV-seropositive patients and seven HIV-negative patients. (ku.dk)
- This finding allowed us to conclude that CD8(+) lymphocytes expressing high levels of CD45R0, granzyme B, and Ki-67 in lymph nodes of HIV patients are not related to increased mortality, whereas low concentrations of CD8(+) granzyme B(+) and CD8(+)Ki-67(+) lymphocytes may be associated with poor prognosis. (ku.dk)
- Using a T cell receptor transgenic transfer model, we demonstrate that CCR9 expression is functionally maintained on CD8αβ + lymphocytes following activation in mesenteric lymph nodes but rapidly downregulated on CD8αβ + lymphocytes activated in peripheral lymph nodes. (jci.org)
- Here we describe a chemokine, B Lymphocyte Chemoattractant (BLC), that is highly expressed in the follicles of Peyer's patches, spleen and lymph nodes. (google.com)
Antibodies5
- In the skin and liver, cell death was associated with lymphocytes that reacted with anti-human CD45, CD3 and CD8 antibodies, consistent with a diagnosis of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). (elsevier.com)
- Lymphocytes that matures into a plasma cell to create antibodies. (studystack.com)
- Lymphocytes that secrete antibodies. (studystack.com)
- If these reactions are responsible for causing adverse events to vaccines, then these reactions would be extensions of the beneficial responses to vaccines, which are mediated by protective immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and T-lymphocyte responses. (nap.edu)
- HIV antibodies were undetectable, and CD4/CD8 lymphocyte counts were within reference ranges. (cdc.gov)
Subset2
- Here we show that the CC chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) is selectively and functionally expressed on murine α E β 7 + naive CD8αβ + lymphocytes and a subset of recently activated CD69 + CD8αβ + lymphocytes. (jci.org)
- Peripheral lymphocyte subset analysis revealed the existence of T lymphocytes double positive for CD4 and CD8 markers. (whale.to)
Immunologic2
- The objective of this study was to determine in an observational study whether any immunologic (CD4 + and CD8 + T-lymphocyte counts, monocyte counts) or virologic (viral load [VL], biological characteristics of viral isolates) marker might be predictive of PE and whether any particular marker may be involved in the timing of clinical onset of PE. (aappublications.org)
- Indeed, among all of the immunologic and virologic variables assessed in this observational study, the only significant difference during the first months of life are the CD8 + T-lymphocytes. (aappublications.org)
Infiltration4
- Although CD4 + CD25 + T cell tumor infiltration has been extensively studied, only scanty information exists concerning the presence and function of CD8 + CD28 − Treg in human tumors ( 6 , 7 ). (jimmunol.org)
- there is infiltration by atypical CD8-positive T lymphocytes. (drugs.com)
- We found that the degree of infiltration by CD25 + and intratumoral OX40 + lymphocytes showed a tendency to decrease in thicker melanomas. (aacrjournals.org)
- For both activation markers studied, high peritumoral densities were associated with longer survival by univariate analysis ( P = 0.0028 and P = 0.0255 for CD25 and OX40, respectively), whereas peritumoral OX40 + lymphocyte infiltration had an impact on survival also in multivariate analysis ( P = 0.035). (aacrjournals.org)
Viral5
- They are particularly attractive for the monitoring of specific T lymphocyte responses in clinical trials assessing antigen-specific immunizations in patients with cancer or chronic viral infections. (nih.gov)
- Marrow transplanted immunocompromised patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral infection will be treated with CMV activated T-Lymphocytes. (bioportfolio.com)
- We show here that IL-2R expression in HIV patients with high viral load (group 1 in the study) is greatly enhanced on B lymphocytes, CD8 T lymphocytes, and monocytes, but not on CD4 T lymphocytes, compared with noninfected individuals. (pnas.org)
- Here we analyze the expression of the three IL-2R chains by CD4 T, CD8 T, B, and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes, as well as monocytes, of HIV-infected patients with high viral load. (pnas.org)
- These results suggested that both lymphocyte subpopulations contribute to viral clearance, with either subpopulation alone being sufficient. (asm.org)
Apoptosis1
- One of these is cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), which after reaching maturity and fulfilling their effector function undergo apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
Subpopulation2
- Preoperative PBLs were collected and analyzed for the percentage of each subpopulation of lymphocyte using flow cytometry. (ncku.edu.tw)
- A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. (bioportfolio.com)
Counts5
- Seventeen had CD4+ lymphocyte counts less than 200/mm3. (biomedsearch.com)
- A transient elevation in CD4+ lymphocyte counts occurred during the first two weeks of therapy. (biomedsearch.com)
- IL-4 produced minimal anti-tumor effects in AIDS-KS with one partial remission in a patient with CD4 lymphocyte counts over 200/mm3. (biomedsearch.com)
- CD3, CD4, and CD8 lymphocyte counts in the lamina propria and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were significantly increased initially compared with controls. (bmj.com)
- Normalized absolute counts of CD8 + T-lymphocytes with respect to seroreverting children were significantly lower in the group of children with encephalopathy with respect to the AIDS/PE-negative group (data not shown). (aappublications.org)
Neoplasms1
- Evidence has accumulated that T lymphocytes infiltrating human neoplasms are functionally defective, incompletely activated, or anergic. (aacrjournals.org)
Neutrophils1
- Here, we examined the prognostic role of pretreatment white blood cell (WBC) count and clinicopathologic parameters in the context of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and myeloperoxidase+ tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). (frontiersin.org)
Responses7
- Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to E6 and E7 were previously shown to be more commonly detectable in human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16)-positive women without squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (SIL) than in HPV-16-positive women with SIL (M. Nakagawa, D. P. Stites, S. Farhat, J. R. Sisler, B. Moss, F. Kong, A. B. Moscicki, and J. M. Palefsky, J. Infect. (asm.org)
- Our results suggest that both CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes contribute to HPV-16 E6- and E7-specific CTL responses although their relative contributions vary from individual to individual. (asm.org)
- In a previous study ( 13 ), we showed that cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to HPV type 16 (HPV-16) E6 and E7 proteins appear to be important in the prevention of SIL in that responses to both E6 and E7 proteins were more commonly found in HPV-16-positive women without SIL than in HPV-16-positive women with SIL. (asm.org)
- Together these results demonstrate an important role for chemokines in the localization of T lymphocytes to the small-intestinal mucosa and suggest that targeting CCL25 and/or CCR9 may provide a means to selectively modulate small-intestinal immune responses. (jci.org)
- Recent studies have demonstrated the critical role of virus-specific CD8 + CTL responses in controlling HIV-1 replication in humans and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication in rhesus monkeys ( 1-5 ). (sciencemag.org)
- Among them, the two- or three-mosaic Env sets elicited the optimal CD4 and CD8 responses. (asm.org)
- PD-1 expression by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has been often associated with suboptimal immune responses and bad prognosis ( 3, 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Lymphocytic1
- There is an epidermotropic infiltrate of small atypical lymphocytes with a lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis. (renalandurologynews.com)
Cytolytic T lymphocyte1
- The cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to respiratory infection with equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) in CBA ( H-2 k ) mice was investigated. (asm.org)
CD253
- The results suggest that the presence of lymphocytes expressing the T-cell activation markers CD25 or OX40 shows correlation with tumor progression as well as with patients' survival in cutaneous malignant melanoma. (aacrjournals.org)
- CD25 is highly expressed on regulatory CD4-positive T lymphocytes and undetected on resting CD8 positive lymphocytes. (beckman.com)
- However, all activated T lymphocytes express the CD25 protein. (beckman.com)
Phenotype1
- The CD30+ lymphocytes are positive for CD3+, with usually a CD4+/ CD8- phenotype (Figure 5). (renalandurologynews.com)
Antibody3
- Rituximab, an anti CD-20 monoclonal antibody targeting B lymphocytes is prescribed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients refractory to TNF alpha antagonists. (bioportfolio.com)
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterised by impaired T cell (T lymphocyte) development, and resulting impaired B cell (B lymphocyte) function and antibody (immunoglobulin) production 1-3 . (allergy.org.au)
- These data indicate that electrolyte solution administration to stressed calves may be beneficial by altering lymphocyte populations and antibody concentrations, besides the rehydration benefit. (usda.gov)
Effector1
- The recruitment of T lymphocytes to intestinal effector sites is thought to play a critical role in this process. (jci.org)
Subpopulations4
- Of the isolated subpopulations only the sIgM - lymphocytes were capable of lysing allogeneic targets. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- The effects of altered exercise distribution on lymphocyte subpopulations. (biomedsearch.com)
- Following both TP1 and TP2 there was a nonsignificant decrease in lymphocyte subpopulations. (biomedsearch.com)
- The results indicated that provided the amount of exercise is constant for a given period, then exercise distribution is not a critical variable in the alteration of lymphocyte subpopulations that may occur in response to overload training. (biomedsearch.com)
Significantly3
- However, there were significantly higher concentrations of CD3(+)CD8(+), CD8(+)CD45R0(+), and CD8(+)Ki-67(+) lymphocytes in the HIV patients compared with the control group. (ku.dk)
- As reported in JAMA Oncology by Goode et al in the Ovarian Tumor Tissue Analysis Consortium, higher levels of cytotoxic CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were associated with significantly improved overall survival among women with high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. (ascopost.com)
- When we compared the PE-positive group with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/PE-negative group (children who developed clinical category C and without neurologic manifestations) in a cross-sectional study within 12 months before PE or AIDS diagnosis, respectively, the %CD8 + T-lymphocytes were significantly lower in the PE-positive group. (aappublications.org)
Expression9
- Clinicopathologic implications of immune classification by PD-L1 expression and CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in stage II and III gastric. (oncotarget.com)
- We co-assessed PD-L1 expression and CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in gastric cancer (GC), and categorized into 4 microenvironment immune types. (oncotarget.com)
- PD-L1 expression alone was not associated with OS, however, PD-L1 − /CD8 High type compared to PD-L1 + /CD8 High was independent favorable prognostic factor of OS by multivariate analysis ( P = 0.042). (oncotarget.com)
- CD8α expression was barely detectable in the blood of unsensitized trout or trout that received xenografts, but was easily detected in the blood of allogeneically stimulated trout. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- Furthermore, CD8α expression in sIgM - lymphocytes from immunized trout was secondarily enhanced by addition of allogeneic targets in vitro. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- Paradoxically, this modified IL-2R expression does not lead to increased IL-2 responsiveness, except for B lymphocytes. (pnas.org)
- Under chronic antigen stimulation, repeated cycles of activation occur and lead to progressive and irreversible reduction in CD28 molecule expression on the lymphocyte surface. (hindawi.com)
- The CD70 levels in mice are transiently up-regulated during lymphocyte activation, making it difficult to track its expression on DCs ( 8 , 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Regarding the immunohistochemical profile, we discuss whether there is loss of CD7 expression in MF, or whether MF is a neoplasm of CD7-negative helper T lymphocytes. (scielo.br)
Flow cytometry1
- Animals were sacrificed at day 24 after injection with encephalitogenic lymphocytes, and spinal cord inflammation was assessed by flow cytometry. (jci.org)
Progression2
- This study expands on recently reported microscopical features of GvHD in NSG-hu-BLT mice and suggests a role for CD 8+ T lymphocytes in the progression of the disease. (elsevier.com)
- Activation of TLR4 signaling inhibits progression of osteosarcoma by stimulating CD8-positive cytotoxic lymphocytes. (nih.gov)
Infiltrate1
- Objective: Tumor-infiltrate lymphocytes (TIL) have been associated with favorable outcomes in various tumors including urothelial carcinoma (UC). (ncku.edu.tw)
Suppressor2
- Lymphocytes infiltrating primitive tumor lesion and/or satellite lymph node from a series of 42 human cancers were phenotypically studied and functionally analyzed by suppressor assays. (jimmunol.org)
- They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes. (bioportfolio.com)
Immunohistochemistry2
- Immunohistochemistry ( PD-L1 , CD8, Foxp3, E-cadherin, and p53), PD-L1 mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH), microsatellite instability (MSI), and EBV ISH were performed in 392 stage II/III GCs treated with curative surgery and fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy, and two public genome databases were analyzed for validation. (oncotarget.com)
- Furthermore, available tumor specimens from 27 patients were further analyzed for number of CD8 + tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) using immunohistochemistry. (ncku.edu.tw)
Tumor-specific1
- Although cancers express tumor-associated Ags ( 1 , 2 ) and are infiltrated by tumor-specific T lymphocytes ( 3 , 4 ), they are able to evade immune surveillance. (jimmunol.org)
Aldesleukin1
- This phase I/Ib trial studies the side effects and best dose of utomilumab and how well it works with CD8-positive T-lymphocyte (T-cell infusion) and aldesleukin in treating patients with ovarian cancer that has come back. (mdanderson.org)
Lymphoid2
- Homing of B lymphocytes into specialized microenvironments within secondary lymphoid tissues is essential for normal immune function, yet the molecular cues guiding this cellular traffic are not well defined. (google.com)
- With respect to AIDS-related events, PE was strongly associated with anemia and lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis in the PE-positive group with respect to a group of children with AIDS but without PE. (aappublications.org)
Cytokines1
- Curiously, tetramer-positive thymocytes do not rapidly synthesize cytokines, nor do they undergo decreases in cell number after lipid antigen stimulation, although they express equivalent TCR levels. (rupress.org)
CTLs1
- With accumulating evidence indicating the importance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in containing human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) replication in infected individuals, strategies are being pursued to elicit virus-specific CTLs with prototype HIV-1 vaccines. (sciencemag.org)
Selective1
- Organ specificity of lymphocyte migration: mediation by highly selective lymphocyte interaction with organ-specific determinants on high endothelial venules. (atcc.org)
Regulatory1
- An important role in determining tumor evasion from immune control might be played by tumor-infiltrating regulatory lymphocytes. (jimmunol.org)
Immunohistochemical2
- Immunohistochemical evidence of predominant CD8 lymphocytes. (uclh.nhs.uk)
- Type D is characterized by epidermotropic CD8+ and CD30+ T-cell lymphocytes, differentiated from type B by the immunohistochemical profile. (scielo.br)
Proliferation2
- We have previously shown that IL-2 is the main cytokine controlling the proliferation of anti-CD3-stimulated CD4 T lymphocytes ( 2 ). (pnas.org)
- Additional second line investigations may be considered, including assessment for transplacental maternal engraftment (TME) and lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). (allergy.org.au)
Ligand2
- Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) showed activity in previously treated patients with advanced programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive endometrial cancer in a cohort of the phase Ib KEYNOTE-028 study. (ascopost.com)
- The invention provides methods for identifying agents which modulate the interaction of a chemokine receptor of previously unknown function, Burkitt's Lymphoma Receptor 1 (BLR1), with its ligand, B Lymphocyte Chemoattractant (BLC). (google.com)
Immune2
- These findings support the close relationship between PD-L1/CD8 status based immune types and EBV + , MSI-H GCs, and their prognostic significance in stage II/III GCs. (oncotarget.com)
- The recruitment of antigen-specific T lymphocytes to the intestinal mucosa is central to the development of an effective mucosal immune response, yet the mechanism by which this process occurs remains to be fully defined. (jci.org)
Thymocytes2
- Immature thymocytes, both triple negatives (αβTCR − CD4 − CD8 − ) and triple positives (αβTCR + CD4 + CD8 + ), participate in intimate cortical lymphoepithelial complexes ( 7 , 14 , 16 , 48 ). (asm.org)
- As thymocytes move through the thymus, from triple negatives to single positives, they produce a T-cell antigen receptor (αβTCR) on their cell surface (Fig. 1 ). (asm.org)
Cell-mediated1
- CD8 is thought to play a role in the process of T-cell mediated killing. (abcam.com)
Mice2
- Mice homozygous for this targeted mutation display many of the characteristics of ataxia telangiectasia, including growth retardation, neurologic dysfunction, infertility, defects in T lymphocyte maturation, and extreme sensitivity to gamma-irradiation. (jax.org)
- We find that the tumor expressed L d in the T cell receptor transgenic mice but grew, while the L d -positive skin was rejected. (rupress.org)
Acute2
- The frequency of epitope-specific pentamer(+) CD8(+) T-cell response was much higher in mild/moderate patients than in severe/critical ones at the acute stage of the disease. (nih.gov)
- CONCLUSION Increased EC, T lymphocytes, and gut permeability are acute changes following Campylobacter enteritis which can persist for more than a year and may contribute to PD-IBS. (bmj.com)