Caveolin 2. Medical search

Caveolin 2 is a binding partner of CAVEOLIN 1. It undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by C-SRC PROTEIN PP60 and plays a regulatory role in CAVEOLAE formation.

Endocytic/exocytic CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURES rich in glycosphingolipids, cholesterol, and lipid-anchored membrane proteins that function in ENDOCYTOSIS (potocytosis), transcytosis, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Caveolae assume various shapes from open pits to closed vesicles. Caveolar coats are composed of CAVEOLINS.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Detergent-insoluble CELL MEMBRANE components. They are enriched in SPHINGOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL and clustered with glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins.

A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.

Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

A partitioning within cells due to the selectively permeable membranes which enclose each of the separate parts, e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, etc.

The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.

The main structural coat protein of COATED VESICLES which play a key role in the intracellular transport between membranous organelles. Each molecule of clathrin consists of three light chains (CLATHRIN LIGHT CHAINS) and three heavy chains (CLATHRIN HEAVY CHAINS) that form a structure called a triskelion. Clathrin also interacts with cytoskeletal proteins.

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Octoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide.

A homologous group of cyclic GLUCANS consisting of alpha-1,4 bound glucose units obtained by the action of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase on starch or similar substrates. The enzyme is produced by certain species of Bacillus. Cyclodextrins form inclusion complexes with a wide variety of substances.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively-expressed form of nitric oxide synthase found primarily in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

Techniques to partition various components of the cell into SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS.

Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.

A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Protein of the annexin family with a probable role in exocytotic and endocytotic membrane events.

Neoplasms composed of fatty tissue or connective tissue made up of fat cells in a meshwork of areolar tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in adipose tissue.

A subtype of dynamin found ubiquitously expressed in a variety of tissues.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Cells in the body that store FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. WHITE ADIPOCYTES are the predominant type and found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue. BROWN ADIPOCYTES are thermogenic cells that can be found in newborns of some species and hibernating mammals.

Compounds containing carbohydrate or glycosyl groups linked to phosphatidylinositols. They anchor GPI-LINKED PROTEINS or polysaccharides to cell membranes.

Membrane-limited structures derived from the plasma membrane or various intracellular membranes which function in storage, transport or metabolism.

Short tracts of DNA sequence that are used as landmarks in GENOME mapping. In most instances, 200 to 500 base pairs of sequence define a Sequence Tagged Site (STS) that is operationally unique in the human genome (i.e., can be specifically detected by the polymerase chain reaction in the presence of all other genomic sequences). The overwhelming advantage of STSs over mapping landmarks defined in other ways is that the means of testing for the presence of a particular STS can be completely described as information in a database.

A family of high molecular weight GTP phosphohydrolases that play a direct role in vesicle transport. They associate with microtubule bundles (MICROTUBULES) and are believed to produce mechanical force via a process linked to GTP hydrolysis. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.50.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The extension of endometrial tissue (ENDOMETRIUM) into the MYOMETRIUM. It usually occurs in women in their reproductive years and may result in a diffusely enlarged uterus with ectopic and benign endometrial glands and stroma.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Cytoplasmic vesicles formed when COATED VESICLES shed their CLATHRIN coat. Endosomes internalize macromolecules bound by receptors on the cell surface.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Centrifugation using a rotating chamber of large capacity in which to separate cell organelles by density-gradient centrifugation. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.

Amino acids containing an aromatic side chain.

A glucose transport protein found in mature MUSCLE CELLS and ADIPOCYTES. It promotes transport of glucose from the BLOOD into target TISSUES. The inactive form of the protein is localized in CYTOPLASMIC VESICLES. In response to INSULIN, it is translocated to the PLASMA MEMBRANE where it facilitates glucose uptake.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Src-family kinases that associate with T-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR and phosphorylate a wide variety of intracellular signaling molecules.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

Serologic tests in which a positive reaction manifested by visible CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION occurs when a soluble ANTIGEN reacts with its precipitins, i.e., ANTIBODIES that can form a precipitate.

Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.

Unsaturated derivatives of the steroid androstane containing at least one double bond at any site in any of the rings.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

A PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE family that was originally identified by homology to the Rous sarcoma virus ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(V-SRC). They interact with a variety of cell-surface receptors and participate in intracellular signal transduction pathways. Oncogenic forms of src-family kinases can occur through altered regulation or expression of the endogenous protein and by virally encoded src (v-src) genes.

A genus of owlet moths of the family Noctuidae. These insects are used in molecular biology studies during all stages of their life cycle.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of cholesterol in the presence of molecular oxygen to 4-cholesten-3-one and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme is not specific for cholesterol, but will also oxidize other 3-hydroxysteroids. EC 1.1.3.6.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A subtype of thioredoxin reductase found primarily in the CYTOSOL.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

A 700-kDa cytosolic protein complex consisting of seven equimolar subunits (alpha, beta, beta', gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta). COATOMER PROTEIN and ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR 1 are principle components of COAT PROTEIN COMPLEX I and are involved in vesicle transport between the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and the GOLGI APPARATUS.

GPI-linked membrane proteins broadly distributed among hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD55 prevents the assembly of C3 CONVERTASE or accelerates the disassembly of preformed convertase, thus blocking the formation of the membrane attack complex.

A low affinity receptor that binds NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; NEUROTROPHIN 3; and neurotrophin 4.

A large group of membrane transport proteins that shuttle MONOSACCHARIDES across CELL MEMBRANES.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

Vesicles formed when cell-membrane coated pits (COATED PITS, CELL-MEMBRANE) invaginate and pinch off. The outer surface of these vesicles is covered with a lattice-like network of the protein CLATHRIN. Shortly after formation, however, the clathrin coat is removed and the vesicles are referred to as ENDOSOMES.

Enzymes that hydrolyze GTP to GDP. EC 3.6.1.-.

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.

Lipids containing at least one monosaccharide residue and either a sphingoid or a ceramide (CERAMIDES). They are subdivided into NEUTRAL GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS comprising monoglycosyl- and oligoglycosylsphingoids and monoglycosyl- and oligoglycosylceramides; and ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS which comprises sialosylglycosylsphingolipids (GANGLIOSIDES); SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS (formerly known as sulfatides), glycuronoglycosphingolipids, and phospho- and phosphonoglycosphingolipids. (From IUPAC's webpage)

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that contain three non-identical subunits. They are found associated with members of the seven transmembrane domain superfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS. Upon activation the GTP-BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA SUBUNIT of the complex dissociates leaving a dimer of a GTP-BINDING PROTEIN BETA SUBUNIT bound to a GTP-BINDING PROTEIN GAMMA SUBUNIT.

A fungal metabolite which is a macrocyclic lactone exhibiting a wide range of antibiotic activity.

An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.

A family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein alpha subunits that were originally identified by their ability to inhibit ADENYLYL CYCLASES. Members of this family can couple to beta and gamma G-protein subunits that activate POTASSIUM CHANNELS. The Gi-Go part of the name is also spelled Gi/Go.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.

The entering of cells by viruses following VIRUS ATTACHMENT. This is achieved by ENDOCYTOSIS, by direct MEMBRANE FUSION of the viral membrane with the CELL MEMBRANE, or by translocation of the whole virus across the cell membrane.

Tyrosine-phosphorylated caveolin-1: immunolocalization and molecular characterization. (1/121)

Caveolin-1 was discovered as a major substrate for v-Src, but the effect of its tyrosine phosphorylation has not been known. We generated a specific antibody (PY14) to caveolin-1 phosphorylated at tyrosine 14 and studied the significance of the modification. By Western blotting of lysates of v-Src-expressing cells, PY14 recognized not only a 22-kDa band (the position of nonphosphorylated caveolin-1) but bands at 23-24 and 25 kDa. Bands of slower mobility were diminished by dephosphorylation and were also observed for mutant caveolin-1 lacking tyrosine 14. By immunofluorescence microscopy, PY14 did not label normal cells but detected large dots in v-Src-expressing cells. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the dots corresponded to aggregated caveolae and/or vesicles of various sizes; besides, the label was observed in intramembrane particle-free areas in the plasma membrane, which appeared to have been formed by fusion of flattened caveolae. A positive reaction with PY14 was found in normal cells after vanadate or pervanadate treatment; it occurred mainly at 22 kDa by Western blotting and was not seen as large dots by immunofluorescence microscopy. Detergent solubility, oligomerization, and association with caveolin-2 were observed similarly for caveolin-1 in normal and v-Src-expressing cells. The results indicate that phosphorylation of caveolin-1 in v-Src-expressing cells occurs at multiple residues and induces flattening, aggregation, and fusion of caveolae and/or caveolae-derived vesicles. (+info)

Sequence and detailed organization of the human caveolin-1 and -2 genes located near the D7S522 locus (7q31.1). Methylation of a CpG island in the 5' promoter region of the caveolin-1 gene in human breast cancer cell lines. (2/121)

The CA microsatellite repeat marker, D7S522, is located at the center of a approximately 1000 kb smallest common deleted region that is lost in many forms of human cancer. It has been proposed that a putative tumor suppressor gene lies in close proximity to D7S522, within this smallest common deleted region. However, the genes located in proximity to D7S522 have remained elusive. Recently, we identified five independent BAC clones (approximately 100-200 kb) containing D7S522 and the human genes encoding caveolins 1 and 2. Here, we present the detailed organization of the caveolin locus and its relationship to D7S522, as deduced using a shot-gun sequencing approach. We derived two adjacent contigs for a total coverage of approximately 250 kb. Analysis of these contigs reveals that D7S522 is located approximately 67 kb upstream of the caveolin-2 gene and that the caveolin-2 gene is located approximately 19 kb upstream of the caveolin-1 gene, providing for the first time a detailed genetic map of this region. Further sequence analysis reveals many interesting features of the caveolin genes; these include the intron-exon boundaries and several previously unrecognized CA repeats that lie within or in close proximity to the caveolin genes. The first and second exons of both caveolin genes are embedded within CpG islands. These results suggest that regulation of caveolin gene expression may be controlled, in part, by methylation of these CpG regions. In support of this notion, we show here that the CGs in the 5' promoter region of the caveolin-1 gene are functionally methylated in two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and T-47D) that fail to express the caveolin-1 protein. In contrast, the same CGs in cultured normal human mammary epithelial cells (NHMECs) are non-methylated and these cells express high levels of the caveolin-1 protein. Comparison of the human locus with the same locus in the pufferfish Fugu rubripes reveals that the overall organization of the caveolin-1/-2 locus is conserved from pufferfish to man. In conclusion, our current studies provide a systematic basis for diagnostically evaluating the potential deletion, mutation, or methylation of the caveolin genes in a variety of human tumors. (+info)

The membrane-spanning domains of caveolins-1 and -2 mediate the formation of caveolin hetero-oligomers. Implications for the assembly of caveolae membranes in vivo. (3/121)

The mammalian caveolin gene family consists of caveolins-1, -2, and -3. The expression of caveolin-3 is muscle-specific. In contrast, caveolins-1 and -2 are co-expressed, and they form a hetero-oligomeric complex in many cell types, with particularly high levels in adipocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. These caveolin hetero-oligomers are thought to represent the functional assembly units that drive caveolae formation in vivo. Here, we investigate the mechanism by which caveolins-1 and -2 form hetero-oligomers. We reconstituted this reciprocal interaction in vivo and in vitro using a variety of complementary approaches, including the generation of glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins and synthetic peptides. Taken together, our results indicate that the membrane-spanning domains of both caveolins-1 and -2 play a critical role in mediating their ability to interact with each other. This is the first demonstration that these unusual membrane-spanning regions found in the caveolin family play a specific role in protein-protein interactions. (+info)

Vimentin-dependent utilization of LDL-cholesterol in human adrenal tumor cells is not associated with the level of expression of apoE, sterol carrier protein-2, or caveolin. (4/121)

SW-13 adrenal tumor cells that lack detectable intermediate filaments (IF-free) exhibit an impaired capacity to esterify lipoprotein-derived cholesterol compared with cells that contain vimentin filaments. IF-free cells were found to synthesize and secrete significant amounts of apoE, while apoE secretion was nearly undetectable in cell lines that spontaneously express vimentin. However, stable transfectants that express a mouse vimentin cDNA exhibited elevated levels of cholesterol esterification and apoE secretion compared with untransfected IF-free cells, indicating that apoE secretion is not directly related to the capacity of these cells to esterify cholesterol. Some of the cell lines that differed in the level of apoE synthesis and secretion had similar levels of apoE mRNA, suggesting that the differences in expression involve a post-transcriptional mechanism. Treatment of these cells with forskolin and IBMX, 8br-cAMP, or TPA had no effect on apoE secretion. The level of sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP(2)) synthesis and the distribution of SCP(2) between membrane and soluble cellular fractions was not observably different in cells that contained or lacked vimentin. SW-13 cell lines contained little or no detectable caveolin-1 or caveolin-2. These studies demonstrate that the difference in the capacity of these adrenal tumor cells that contain or lack vimentin filaments to esterify low density lipoprotein-cholesterol is not obviously associated with the level of expression or distribution of apoE, SCP(2), or caveolins. (+info)

Caveolin-2 localizes to the golgi complex but redistributes to plasma membrane, caveolae, and rafts when co-expressed with caveolin-1. (5/121)

We have characterized comparatively the subcellular distributions of caveolins-1 and -2, their interactions and their roles in caveolar formation in polarized epithelial cells. In Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) cells, which express low levels of caveolin-2 and no caveolin-1, caveolin-2 localizes exclusively to the Golgi complex but is partially redistributed to the plasma membrane upon co-expression of caveolin-1 by transfection or by adenovirus-mediated transduction. In Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, which constitutively express both caveolin-1 and -2, caveolin-2 localized to both the Golgi complex and to the plasma membrane, where it co-distributed with caveolin-1 in flat patches and in caveolae. In FRT cells, endogenous or overexpressed caveolin-2 did not associate with low density Triton insoluble membranes that floated in sucrose density gradients but was recruited to these membranes when co-expressed together with caveolin-1. In MDCK cells, both caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 associated with low density Triton-insoluble membranes. In FRT cells, transfection of caveolin-1 promoted the assembly of plasma membrane caveolae that localized preferentially (over 99%) to the basolateral surface, like constitutive caveolae of MDCK cells. In contrast, as expected from its intracellular distribution, endogenous or overexpressed caveolin-2 did not promote the assembly of caveolae; rather, it appeared to promote the assembly of intracellular vesicles in the peri-Golgi area. The data reported here demonstrate that caveolin-1 and -2 have different and complementary subcellular localizations and functional properties in polarized epithelial cells and suggest that the two proteins co-operate to carry out specific as yet unknown tasks between the Golgi complex and the cell surface. (+info)

Expression of caveolin-1 is required for the transport of caveolin-2 to the plasma membrane. Retention of caveolin-2 at the level of the golgi complex. (6/121)

Caveolins-1 and -2 are normally co-expressed, and they form a hetero-oligomeric complex in many cell types. These caveolin hetero-oligomers are thought to represent the assembly units that drive caveolae formation in vivo. However, the functional significance of the interaction between caveolins-1 and -2 remains unknown. Here, we show that caveolin-1 co-expression is required for the transport of caveolin-2 from the Golgi complex to the plasma membrane. We identified a human erythroleukemic cell line, K562, that expresses caveolin-2 but fails to express detectable levels of caveolin-1. This allowed us to stringently assess the effects of recombinant caveolin-1 expression on the behavior of endogenous caveolin-2. We show that expression of caveolin-1 in K562 cells is sufficient to reconstitute the de novo formation of caveolae in these cells. In addition, recombinant expression of caveolin-1 allows caveolin-2 to form high molecular mass oligomers that are targeted to caveolae-enriched membrane fractions. In striking contrast, in the absence of caveolin-1 expression, caveolin-2 forms low molecular mass oligomers that are retained at the level of the Golgi complex. Interestingly, we also show that expression of caveolin-1 in K562 cells dramatically up-regulates the expression of endogenous caveolin-2. Northern blot analysis reveals that caveolin-2 mRNA levels remain constant under these conditions, suggesting that the expression of caveolin-1 stabilizes the caveolin-2 protein. Conversely, transient expression of caveolin-2 in CHO cells is sufficient to up-regulate endogenous caveolin-1 expression. Thus, the formation of a hetero-oligomeric complex between caveolins-1 and -2 stabilizes the caveolin-2 protein product and allows caveolin-2 to be transported from the Golgi complex to the plasma membrane. (+info)

Caveolin-1 inhibits epidermal growth factor-stimulated lamellipod extension and cell migration in metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma cells (MTLn3). Transformation suppressor effects of adenovirus-mediated gene delivery of caveolin-1. (7/121)

Caveolin-1 is a principal component of caveolae membranes that may function as a transformation suppressor. For example, the human caveolin-1 gene is localized to a suspected tumor suppressor locus (D7S522; 7q31.1) that is deleted in human cancers, including mammary carcinomas. However, little is known about the role of caveolins in regulating cell movement, a critical parameter in determining metastatic potential. Here, we examine the role of caveolin-1 in cell movement. For this purpose, we employed an established cellular model, MTLn3, a metastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell line. In this system, epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation induces rapid lamellipod extension and cell migration. Interestingly, we find that MTLn3 cells fail to express detectable levels of endogenous caveolin-1. To restore caveolin-1 expression in MTLn3 cells efficiently, we employed an inducible adenoviral gene delivery system to achieve tightly controlled expression of caveolin-1. We show here that caveolin-1 expression in MTLn3 cells inhibits EGF-stimulated lamellipod extension and cell migration and blocks their anchorage-independent growth. Under these conditions, EGF-induced activation of the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is also blunted. Our results suggest that caveolin-1 expression in motile MTLn3 cells induces a non-motile phenotype. (+info)

A molecular dissection of caveolin-1 membrane attachment and oligomerization. Two separate regions of the caveolin-1 C-terminal domain mediate membrane binding and oligomer/oligomer interactions in vivo. (8/121)

Caveolins form interlocking networks on the cytoplasmic face of caveolae. The cytoplasmically directed N and C termini of caveolins are separated by a central hydrophobic segment, which is believed to form a hairpin within the membrane. Here, we report that the caveolin scaffolding domain (CSD, residues 82-101), and the C terminus (residues 135-178) of caveolin-1 are each sufficient to anchor green fluorescent protein (GFP) to membranes in vivo. We also show that the first 16 residues of the C terminus (i.e. residues 135-150) are necessary and sufficient to attach GFP to membranes. When fused to the caveolin-1 C terminus, GFP co-localizes with two trans-Golgi markers and is excluded from caveolae. In contrast, the CSD targets GFP to caveolae, albeit less efficiently than full-length caveolin-1. Thus, caveolin-1 contains at least two membrane attachment signals: the CSD, dictating caveolar localization, and the C terminus, driving trans-Golgi localization. Additionally, we find that caveolin-1 oligomer/oligomer interactions require the distal third of the caveolin-1 C terminus. Thus, the caveolin-1 C-terminal domain has two separate functions: (i) membrane attachment (proximal third) and (ii) protein/protein interactions (distal third). (+info)

Here are some possible causes of myoglobinuria:

1. Muscle injury or trauma: This can cause myoglobin to leak into the bloodstream and then into the urine.
2. Muscle disease: Certain muscle diseases, such as muscular dystrophy, can cause myoglobinuria.
3. Kidney damage: Myoglobin can accumulate in the kidneys and cause damage if the kidneys are not functioning properly.
4. Sepsis: Sepsis is a systemic infection that can cause muscle breakdown and myoglobinuria.
5. Burns: Severe burns can cause muscle damage and lead to myoglobinuria.
6. Heart attack: A heart attack can cause muscle damage and myoglobinuria.
7. Rhabdomyolysis: This is a condition where the muscles break down and release myoglobin into the bloodstream. It can be caused by various factors such as medication, infection, or injury.

Symptoms of myoglobinuria may include dark urine, proteinuria (excess protein in the urine), and kidney damage. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve supportive care, medication, or dialysis to remove waste products from the blood.

There are several types of adipocytic neoplasms, including:

1. Lipomas: These are benign, slow-growing tumors that are composed of mature fat cells (adipocytes). They are usually soft to the touch and can be moved easily under the skin.
2. Liposarcomas: These are malignant tumors that also originate in adipose tissue. They can be slow-growing or aggressive and can infiltrate surrounding tissues.
3. Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVN): This is a type of benign tumor that occurs in the synovial membrane, which lines the joints and tendons. It is composed of adipocytes and other cell types and can cause pain and stiffness in the affected joint.
4. Giant cell lipomatosis: This is a rare condition characterized by multiple small lipomas that are clustered together.
5. Spindle cell lipoma: This is a rare type of lipoma that contains spindle-shaped cells, which are elongated and irregular in shape.

These adipocytic neoplasms can be diagnosed through various imaging techniques such as ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and fine needle aspiration biopsy. Treatment options vary depending on the type and location of the tumor, but may include surgical excision, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.

Adenomyosis can cause symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding, painful periods, and pelvic pain. Treatment options for adenomyosis include hysterectomy (removal of the uterus), myomectomy (removal of fibroids), and hormonal therapy.

It is important to note that adenomyosis is different from endometriosis, which is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus, such as on the ovaries or fallopian tubes.

Adenomyosis is a relatively rare condition and its exact cause is not fully understood. However, it is believed that hormonal factors and/or abnormalities in the development of the uterus during fetal development may play a role.

There are several types of muscular dystrophies, including:

1. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD): This is the most common form of muscular dystrophy, affecting males primarily. It is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene and is characterized by progressive muscle weakness, wheelchair dependence, and shortened lifespan.
2. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD): This is a less severe form of muscular dystrophy than DMD, affecting both males and females. It is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene and is characterized by progressive muscle weakness, but with a milder course than DMD.
3. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD): This is a group of disorders that affect the muscles around the shoulders and hips, leading to progressive weakness and degeneration. There are several subtypes of LGMD, each with different symptoms and courses.
4. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD): This is a rare form of muscular dystrophy that affects the muscles of the face, shoulder, and upper arm. It is caused by a mutation in the D4Z4 repeat on chromosome 4.
5. Myotonic dystrophy: This is the most common adult-onset form of muscular dystrophy, affecting both males and females. It is characterized by progressive muscle stiffness, weakness, and wasting, as well as other symptoms such as cataracts, myotonia, and cognitive impairment.

There is currently no cure for muscular dystrophies, but various treatments are available to manage the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These include physical therapy, orthotics and assistive devices, medications to manage pain and other symptoms, and in some cases, surgery. Researchers are actively working to develop new treatments and a cure for muscular dystrophies, including gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and small molecule therapies.

It's important to note that muscular dystrophy can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked manner, depending on the specific type of dystrophy. This means that the risk of inheriting the condition depends on the mode of inheritance and the presence of mutations in specific genes.

In summary, muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. There are several types of muscular dystrophy, each with different symptoms and courses. While there is currently no cure for muscular dystrophy, various treatments are available to manage the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Researchers are actively working to develop new treatments and a cure for muscular dystrophy.

Lipid droplets functional protein caveolin-2 is associated with lipid metabolism-related molecule FABP5 and EMT marker E- ... Lipid droplets functional protein caveolin-2 is associated with lipid metabolism-related molecule FABP5 and EMT marker E- ...

https://jcp.bmj.com/content/early/2023/02/28/jcp-2022-208673.altmetrics

Presence of caveolin-1 protein was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The caveolin-1 immunoexpression patterns throughout the ... The caveolin-1 protein (structural component of membrane caveolae) plays important roles in several biological functions, such ... Expression of caveolin-1 in tooth germ, ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma.. Sánchez-Romero, C; Pereira-Prado, V; Sicco, ... The expression patterns and roles of caveolin-1 in the oral epithelium and in embryonic and odontogenic tumor tissues are still ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/odontologia/resource/pt/mdl-33037799

Caveolin-2 deficiency induces a rapid anti-tumor immune response prior to regression of implanted murine lung carcinoma tumors. ... Host deficiency in caveolin-2 inhibits lung carcinoma tumor growth by impairing tumor angiogenesis.. Cancer research (September ... Attenuated rapid onset vasodilation with greater force production in skeletal muscle of caveolin-2-/- mice.. American journal ... Elevated postischemic tissue injury and leukocyte-endothelial adhesive interactions in mice with global deficiency in caveolin- ...

https://www.mousephenotype.org/data/genes/MGI:107571

Right here we show that tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-2 (Cav-2) adversely. * Post author By morainetownshipdems ... Right here we show that tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-2 (Cav-2) adversely regulates the anti-proliferative function of ... Because Cav-2 continues to be previously been shown to be phosphorylated at serine residues 23 and 36 [16,17] aswell as ... Muscle myosin is a hexameric protein that consists of 2 heavy chain subunits ,MHC), 2 alkali light chain subunits ,MLC) and 2 ...

http://www.morainetownshipdems.org/2019/03/02/right-here-we-show-that-tyrosine-phosphorylation-of-caveolin-2-cav-2-adversely/

Caveolin-1 interacts directly with dynamin-2.. Yao Q; Chen J; Cao H; Orth JD; McCaffery JM; Stan RV; McNiven MA. J Mol Biol; ... 1. Dynamin 2 interacts with α-actinin 4 to drive tumor cell invasion.. Burton KM; Cao H; Chen J; Qiang L; Krueger EW; Johnson ... 8. Dynamin 2 mediates PDGFRα-SHP-2-promoted glioblastoma growth and invasion.. Feng H; Liu KW; Guo P; Zhang P; Cheng T; McNiven ... 4. Dynamin 2 potentiates invasive migration of pancreatic tumor cells through stabilization of the Rac1 GEF Vav1.. Razidlo GL; ...

https://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/biomarkers/search.php?id=31967944&mod=related&page=1&from=&outid=&proj=

A) Caveolin 1 (Cav1) and Cav2 mRNA was quantified by RT-qPCR in lungs of naive Emp2+/+ and Emp2-/- mice (n = 3/genotype). (B) ... Wan-Chi Lin 1 , Kymberly M Gowdy 1 , Jennifer H Madenspacher 1 , Rachel L Zemans 2 , Kazuko Yamamoto 3 4 5 , Miranda Lyons- ... Wan-Chi Lin 1 , Kymberly M Gowdy 1 , Jennifer H Madenspacher 1 , Rachel L Zemans 2 , Kazuko Yamamoto 3 4 5 , Miranda Lyons- ... Figure 6. EMP2 regulates adhesion molecules and TEM through caveolin-2. ( ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31550239

... caveolin ... Advanced Search Search Help About NIOSHTIC-2 Feedback Terms: ... NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search. Search Results. New Search. ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=skin&t3=1&f1=%2A&s5=percutaneous&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=dermal&t4=1&terms=7&Adv=1&ct=&B1=Search&f2=%2A&t2=1&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&s3=dermatitis&f3=%2A&s4=cutaneous&EndYear=&f4=%2A&f5=%2A&whichdate=DP&D1=10&PageNo=40&RecNo=393&View=f&

TRAF4 Maintains Deubiquitination of Caveolin-1 to Drive Glioblastoma Stemness and Temozolomide Resistance.. Li Y; Wang T; Wan Q ... Exp Cell Res; 2022 Sep; 418(2):113277. PubMed ID: 35810776. [TBL] ...

https://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/biomarkers/search.php?id=36882523&mod=related&page=1&from=&outid=&proj=

MeSH Terms: Animals; Brain/metabolism; Brain/pathology*; Caveolae/metabolism*; Caveolin 1/genetics; Caveolin 1/metabolism; Cell ... Inhibition of ERK1/2 activity or caveolin-1 silencing protected against METH-induced alterations of occludin levels. These ... Treatment with METH induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and caveolin-1 protein. ...

https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/portfolio/index.cfm?do=portfolio.publicationDetail&id=1775818

Caveolin 2 Preferred Term Term UI T628819. Date01/26/2005. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2006). ... Caveolin 2 Preferred Concept UI. M0271571. Registry Number. 0. Scope Note. Caveolin 2 is a binding partner of CAVEOLIN 1. It ... Caveolin 2. Tree Number(s). D12.644.360.024.272. D12.776.157.057.012. D12.776.476.024.295. D12.776.543.990.100.750. D12.776. ... Caveolin 2 is a binding partner of CAVEOLIN 1. It undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by C-SRC PROTEIN PP60 and plays a ...

https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D051243

... anti-Caveolin-2, ET1607-15 (HUABIO, Hangzhou, China) as dilutions of 1:1500, GAPDH, ab181602(Dowobio, Shanghai, China), as ... Figure 2. Dimensionality reduction and cell trajectory analysis based on scRNA-seq data from GSE103322. (A) PCA on the basis of ... F-H) The down-or up-regulated DRGs in subsets I/II/III had a similar expression pattern in clusters 4/3/1 and 2. (I) Different ... 2A,B). Then, 4873 HNSCC cells were divided into 18 clusters, a total of 4363 marker genes were recognized using differential ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-24533-7?error=cookies_not_supported

Basal-like tumors can be characterized by cytokeratin 5, 17, caveolin 1 and 2, nestin, CD44 and EGFR expression and have the ... 2. The Discovery of Molecular Subtypes. It has been established that the IHC-based analysis of classical markers can define new ... Table 2. The determination of molecular subtypes can be performed using Affymetrix microarrays and the appropriate ... Table 2. The determination of molecular subtypes can be performed using Affymetrix microarrays and the appropriate ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3905/2/3/228

https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D051243

CAV3: caveolin 3. *CAVIN1: caveolae associated protein 1. *CBFB: core-binding factor subunit beta ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene-c/

Caveolin 1 and caveolin 2 are located next to each other on chromosome 7 and express colocalizing proteins that form a stable ... Alternatively spliced transcripts encode alpha and beta isoforms of caveolin 1.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] ...

https://edrn.nci.nih.gov/data-and-resources/biomarkers/cav1/

Phospho-caveolin-2 (Tyr(P)19) is localized near focal adhesions, remains associated with lipid rafts/caveolae, but no longer ... Kim, N. H., Park, K. S., Cha, S. K., Yoon, J. H., Yeh, B. I., Han, K. H. & Kong, I. D., 2011 May 2, In: Neuroscience Letters. ... Shu, S. K., Lee, K. H., Kim, D. W., Jun, J. B. & Chung, S. L., 1992, In: Annals of Dermatology. 4, 2, p. 99-102 4 p.. Research ... Sr0.92Y0.08TiO3-δ/Sm 0.2Ce0.8O2-δ anode for solid oxide fuel cells running on methane. Kim, H. S., Yoon, S. P., Yun, J. W., ...

https://yonsei.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/?showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&publicationYear=2017&publicationYear=2018&publicationYear=2019&publicationYear=2021&author=df8aa5be-b4c5-47a0-9b93-50877967fbb7&format=&nofollow=true&ordering=title&descending=false&page=1651

Caveolin-2 Protein / Enzyme Modulator. / G-protein Modulator. / Caveolin-2. DTO Classes. Protein. / Enzyme Modulator. / G- ... Caveolin-2 Protein / Structural Protein. / Caveolin-2 Protein / Membrane Traffic Protein. / ...

https://pharos.nih.gov/targets/CAV2

Caveolin 2 - Preferred Concept UI. M0271571. Scope note. Caveolin 2 is a binding partner of CAVEOLIN 1. It undergoes tyrosine ... Caveolin-2. Tree number(s):. D12.644.360.024.272. D12.776.157.057.012. D12.776.476.024.295. D12.776.543.990.100.750. D12.776. ... Caveolin 2 is a binding partner of CAVEOLIN 1. It undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by C-SRC PROTEIN PP60 and plays a ... 2006; CAVEOLIN 2 was indexed under CAVEOLINS 2001-2005, & under MEMBRANE PROTEINS 1997-2000. ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=50764

Caveolin internalization by heat shock or hyperosmotic shock. Kang, Y. S., Ko, Y. G. & Seo, J. S., 2000 Mar 15, In: ... Caveolin-1 deficiency induces premature senescence with mitochondrial dysfunction. Yu, D. M., Jung, S. H., An, H. T., Lee, S., ... Caveolin-2 regulation of STAT3 transcriptional activation in response to insulin. Kwon, H., Jeong, K., Hwang, E. M., Park, J. Y ... Caveolin-1 is associated with VCAM-1 dependent adhesion of gastric cancer cells to endothelial cells. Shin, J., Kim, J., Ryu, B ...

https://pure.korea.ac.kr/en/publications/?page=208&ordering=type&descending=false&showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&originalSearch=&improvedLayoutOrganisationUuid=

Caveolin-1. 1 Select filter option. Caveolin-2. 1 Select filter option. Caveolin-3. 1 Select filter option. CLIP-associating ... 2 Select filter option. ion channel binding. 2 Select filter option. microtubule binding. 2 Select filter option. microtubule ... Actin-binding LIM protein 2. 1 Select filter option. Actin-binding LIM protein 3. 1 Select filter option. Ameloblastin. 1 ...

https://pharos.ncats.nih.gov/targets?facet=PANTHER%20Class!structural%20protein

C, E, The number of α-synuclein puncta colocalized with caveolin-1 (C) and cathepsin D (E) was quantified. Three thousand ... they hardly colocalized with caveolin-1 (Fig. 6B,C). This is consistent with the finding that the 274 antibody alters the ... and caveolin-1 monoclonal antibody (BD Biosciences, #C13620). FITC-labeled cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) was purchased from ... A-D, Rates of uptake (A, C) and degradation (B, D) of α-synuclein fibrils (A, B) and oligomers (C, D) in BV-2 cells. ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/32/39/13454?ijkey=e704c7cb6709d15cfbfd9caea7e9e77785c043ed&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

caveolin 2 [Source:HGNC Symbol;.... CCDC109A. 90550. MCU. mitochondrial calcium uniporter.... CD6. 923. CD6. CD6 molecule [ ...

https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/GSE37605_TREG_VS_TCONV_C57BL6_FOXP3_FUSION_GFP_DN.html

Kodeboyina, S. K., Lee, T. J., Bollinger, K., Ulrich, L., Bogorad, D., Estes, A., Zhi, W., Sharma, S. & Sharma, A., Mar 2 2021 ... Kanagy, N. L., Mecca, T. E. & Webb, R. C., Mar 1996, In: Blood Pressure. 5, 2, p. 113-120 8 p.. Research output: Contribution ... Lonnemann, G., Endres, S., Van Der Meer, J. W. M., Cannon, J. G. & Dinarello, C. A., Jan 1 1988, In: Lymphokine Research. 7, 2 ... Oppenheimer, S. F., Kingery, W. L., Willeford, K. & Han, F. X., Jun 2001, In: Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications. 2, 2 ...

https://augusta.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/?showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&publicationYear=2011&publicationYear=2013&publicationYear=2014&publicationYear=2015&publicationYear=2016&publicationYear=2017&publicationYear=2018&publicationYear=2019&publicationYear=2020&format=&ordering=type&descending=true&nofollow=true&page=307

Comprehensive investigation of the caveolin 2 gene: resequencing and association for kidney transplant outcomes. PloS one 2013 ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/searchSummary.action?firstQuery=Awareness+and+CAV2&Mysubmit=Search

In this concept cloud, the sizes of the concepts are based not only on the number of corresponding publications, but also how relevant the concepts are to the overall topics of the publications, how long ago the publications were written, whether the person was the first or senior author, and how many other people have written about the same topic. The largest concepts are those that are most unique to this person ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Person/22768/Network/ResearchAreas

Bothe, G. W. M., Haspel, J. A., Smith, C. L., Wiener, H. H. & Burden, S. J., Feb 2000, In: Genesis. 26, 2, p. 165-166 2 p.. ... Hazan, G., Fox, C., Eiden, E., Anderson, N., Friger, M. & Haspel, J., Apr 2022, In: Journal of Biological Rhythms. 37, 2, p. ... Ryzhikov, M., Ehlers, A. & Haspel, J. A., Jun 3 2019, In: Autophagy. 15, 6, p. 1115-1116 2 p.. Research output: Contribution to ... L1 mediated homophilic binding and neurite outgrowth are modulated by alternative splicing of exon 2. Jacob, J., Haspel, J., ...

https://profiles.wustl.edu/en/persons/jeffrey-haspel/publications/

Wickstrom S, Alitalo K, Keski-Oja J. Endostatin associates with integrin alpha5beta1 and caveolin-1, and activates Src via a ... It interacts with 2 tyrosine kinases: fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, Flt-1 (VEGFR-1), and kinase domain-containing region, Flk-1/ ... R.A.K. Mahmoud1 and M. Abdel Raouf2. ABSTRACT We evaluated the prognostic value of serum endostatin and vascular endothelial ... Matrix metalloproteinase-2 is elevated in the plasma of women with pre-eclampsia. Hypertension in pregnancy, 2001, 20(2):185-94 ...

https://www.emro.who.int/ar/emhj-volume-12-2006/volume-12-issue-1-2/serum-endostatin-and-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-levels-in-patients-with-pre-eclampsia.html

https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-12-2006/volume-12-issue-1-2/serum-endostatin-and-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-levels-in-patients-with-pre-eclampsia.html

Caveolin-1 and Caveolin-2 (CAV1 and CAV2) are proteins associated with intercellular neurotrophic signalling. (umassmed.edu)
There is converging evidence that CAV1 and CAV2 (CAV1/2) genes have a role in ALS. (umassmed.edu)

The caveolin-1 protein (structural component of membrane caveolae ) plays important roles in several biological functions, such as endocytosis , cell adhesion , and cell signaling . (bvsalud.org)
Presence of caveolin-1 protein was confirmed by Western blot analysis . (bvsalud.org)
Muscle myosin is a hexameric protein that consists of 2 heavy chain subunits ,MHC), 2 alkali light chain subunits ,MLC) and 2 regulatory light chain subunits ,MLC2). (morainetownshipdems.org)
Treatment with METH induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and caveolin-1 protein. (nih.gov)
Caveolin (Cav)-3, the cardiomyocyte-specific caveolar structural protein isoform, is decreased in the diabetic heart. (elsevier.com)
actin related protein 2/3 compl. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Lung endothelial monocyte-activating protein 2 is a mediator of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice. (nih.gov)

1. Role of caveolin and caveolae in insulin signaling and diabetes. (nih.gov)
4. Caveolae and caveolin in transmembrane signaling: Implications for human disease. (nih.gov)

Disease-associated variants have been identified within CAV1/2 enhancers, which reduce gene expression and lead to disruption of membrane lipid rafts. (umassmed.edu)
Using large ALS whole-genome sequencing and post-mortem RNA sequencing datasets (5987 and 365 tissue samples, respectively), and iPSC-derived motor neurons from 55 individuals, we investigated the role of CAV1/2 expression and enhancer variants in the ALS phenotype. (umassmed.edu)
We also identify increased survival among carriers of CAV1/2 enhancer mutations compared to non-carriers within Project MinE and slower progression as measured by the ALSFRS. (umassmed.edu)
We propose that carriers of CAV1/2 enhancer mutations may be conceptualised as an ALS subtype who present a less severe ALS phenotype with a longer survival duration and slower progression. (umassmed.edu)
Upregulation of CAV1/2 genes in ALS cases may indicate a causal pathway or a compensatory mechanism. (umassmed.edu)
Given prior research supporting the beneficial role of CAV1/2 expression in ALS patients, we consider a compensatory mechanism to better fit the available evidence, although further investigation into the biological pathways associated with CAV1/2 is needed to support this conclusion. (umassmed.edu)

Right here we show that tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-2 (Cav-2) adversely regulates the anti-proliferative function of transforming development factor beta (TGF-beta) in endothelial cells. (morainetownshipdems.org)
Manifestation amounts and subcellular focusing on of retrovirally re-expressed serine and tyrosine phosphorylation-deficient mutants are much like WT Cav-2 Previously, we've identified that Cav-2 KO MLECs had been more delicate than WT MLECs to anti-proliferative aftereffect of TGF- which retroviral re-expression of WT Cav-2 in Cav-2 KO MLECs led to an identical response to TGF- as with WT MLECs [14]. (morainetownshipdems.org)
Particularly, we've re-expressed WT-Cav-2, serine residues 23 and 36 phosphorylation-deficient mutant (S23/36A-Cav-2) aswell as tyrosine residues 19 and 27 phosphorylation-deficient mutant (Y19/27F-Cav-2) in Cav-2 KO MLECs. (morainetownshipdems.org)

Alternatively spliced transcripts encode alpha and beta isoforms of caveolin 1. (nih.gov)

It interacts with 2 tyrosine kinases: fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, Flt-1 (VEGFR-1), and kinase domain-containing region, Flk-1/KDR (VEGFR-2) [2]. (who.int)

19. Changes in membrane cholesterol affect caveolin-1 localization and ICC-pacing in mouse jejunum. (nih.gov)
ABC-transporters are localized in caveolin-1-positive and reggie-1-negative and reggie-2-negative microdomains of the canalicular membrane in rat hepatocytes. (unibas.ch)

Comprehensive investigation of the caveolin 2 gene: resequencing and association for kidney transplant outcomes. (cdc.gov)

Using HaCaT keratinocytes, knockdown of Dsg2 decreases EGFR expression and abrogates the activation of EGFR, c-Src and Stat3, but not Erk1/2 or Akt, in response to EGF ligand stimulation. (nih.gov)
Inhibition of ERK1/2 activity or caveolin-1 silencing protected against METH-induced alterations of occludin levels. (nih.gov)

9. Caveolin-1 interacts with the insulin receptor and can differentially modulate insulin signaling in transfected Cos-7 cells and rat adipose cells. (nih.gov)

integrin subunit beta 2 [Source. (gsea-msigdb.org)

The expression patterns and roles of caveolin-1 in the oral epithelium and in embryonic and odontogenic tumor tissues are still unclear. (bvsalud.org)

6. Regulation of insulin response in skeletal muscle cell by caveolin status. (nih.gov)
17. Caveolin-1 loss of function accelerates glucose transporter 4 and insulin receptor degradation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (nih.gov)
insulin like growth factor 2 re. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Caveolin 1 and caveolin 2 are located next to each other on chromosome 7 and express colocalizing proteins that form a stable hetero-oligomeric complex. (nih.gov)

Endothelial dysfunction is now regarded as an regulation, vascular smooth cell proliferation, early pivotal event in atherogenesis 2 and has trans endothelial leukocyte migration, been shown to precede development of clinically thrombosis and thrombolytic balance. (who.int)

chromosome 2 open reading frame. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Cells had been after that incubated sequentially with 0.1% Triton X-100 (v/v) in DPBS for 10 min, DPBS plus 5% goat serum for 30 min, and thereafter with anti-Cav-2 antibody (1:100) in 0.2% BSA for 2 h, washed 3 x, and incubated with Alexa Fluor 488 nm-labeled extra antibody (Invitrogen Corp.) diluted 1:500, accompanied by staining with DAPI (Sigma). (morainetownshipdems.org)
BT474 breast cancer cell line was stained with 2 µg/mL anti-human CD340/Her-2 Alexa Fluor® 647 and nuclear counterstained with DAPI. (biolegend.com)

Background: This study involves the investigation of spontaneous and induced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the anti-inflammatory chemokine C-C motif chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) by monocytes isolated from blood of patients with long-term type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), both with or without foot ulcers. (podiatryarena.com)

10. A caveolin-3 mutant that causes limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 1C disrupts Src localization and activity and induces apoptosis in skeletal myotubes. (nih.gov)

Pre-eclampsia occurs in 2 phases: abnormal implantation of the placenta leads to impaired placental blood flow, which then induces the release of a critical placental substance into the maternal circulation. (who.int)

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal;26(2): e238-e245, 2021 Mar 01. (bvsalud.org)
26(2): e238-e245, 2021 Mar 01. (bvsalud.org)

Type I Interferon Activation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Caveolin-1 Insufficiency-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. (nih.gov)

GLI pathogenesis related 2 [Sou. (gsea-msigdb.org)

The antibody solution should be stored undiluted between 2°C and 8°C, and protected from prolonged exposure to light. (biolegend.com)

The overexpression of caveolin-1 in AM and AC compared to its expression in normal gingival epithelium ( adult tissue ) suggests a possible role of caveolin-1 in protumoral events, but due to the similar immunoexpression observed in AM and AC, caveolin-1 may not necessarily participate in the malignant transformation process. (bvsalud.org)

Of the approximate 30 million Americans that suffer from Type 2 diabetes, 25% will develop a foot ulcer during their lifetime that often exhibit impaired healing with a cost of diagnosis and treatment exceeding $250 billion per year. (podiatryarena.com)

Expression of caveolin-1 in tooth germ, ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
The expression of caveolin-1 was evaluated in samples of the normal gingival epithelium (n=7), human tooth germ (TG) (n=12), ameloblastoma (AM) (n=83), and ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) (n=9) by immunohistochemistry . (bvsalud.org)
LY333531 suppressed the decreased expression of myocardial NO, Cav-3, phosphorylated (p)-Akt, and p-eNOS and also mitigated the augmentation of O2 2, nitrotyrosine, Cav-1, and iNOS expression. (elsevier.com)

The desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein 2 (Dsg2), is deregulated in a variety of human cancers including those of the skin. (nih.gov)

12. Induction of caveolin during adipogenesis and association of GLUT4 with caveolin-rich vesicles. (nih.gov)

The caveolin-1 immunoexpression patterns throughout the stages of TG show its importance during odontogenesis . (bvsalud.org)

Nevertheless, the comprehensive molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory part of Cav-2 in anti-proliferative aftereffect of TGF- in ECs never have been analyzed. (morainetownshipdems.org)

The proteomics and genomics discovery phases yielded an increase in RANTES (CCL5), CXCL2 (GRO2), and Leucine Rich Alpha-2- glycoprotein in non-healing patients whereas there was an increase in interleukin IL-8, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), colony stimulating factor-2, matrix metalloprotease 7, Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, and Kininogen 1 in healing patients. (podiatryarena.com)

2011. N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine but not allopurinol prevented cigarette smoke-induced alveolar enlargement in mouse. (nih.gov)

More than fifty percent of cancer patients, including patients with the most devastating central nervous system malignancy, glioblastoma [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], receive radiation as a critical component of their standard treatment regimen [ 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)

carboxylesterase 2 [Source:HGNC. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Anatomy17

Organisms5

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes13

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science2

Tyrosine-phosphorylated caveolin-1: immunolocalization and molecular characterization. (1/121)

Sequence and detailed organization of the human caveolin-1 and -2 genes located near the D7S522 locus (7q31.1). Methylation of a CpG island in the 5' promoter region of the caveolin-1 gene in human breast cancer cell lines. (2/121)

The membrane-spanning domains of caveolins-1 and -2 mediate the formation of caveolin hetero-oligomers. Implications for the assembly of caveolae membranes in vivo. (3/121)

Vimentin-dependent utilization of LDL-cholesterol in human adrenal tumor cells is not associated with the level of expression of apoE, sterol carrier protein-2, or caveolin. (4/121)

Caveolin-2 localizes to the golgi complex but redistributes to plasma membrane, caveolae, and rafts when co-expressed with caveolin-1. (5/121)

Expression of caveolin-1 is required for the transport of caveolin-2 to the plasma membrane. Retention of caveolin-2 at the level of the golgi complex. (6/121)

Caveolin-1 inhibits epidermal growth factor-stimulated lamellipod extension and cell migration in metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma cells (MTLn3). Transformation suppressor effects of adenovirus-mediated gene delivery of caveolin-1. (7/121)

A molecular dissection of caveolin-1 membrane attachment and oligomerization. Two separate regions of the caveolin-1 C-terminal domain mediate membrane binding and oligomer/oligomer interactions in vivo. (8/121)

No images available that match "caveolin 2"

Caveolin 2

Caveolae

Membrane Proteins

Cell Membrane

Membrane Microdomains

Filipin

Detergents

Cell Compartmentation

Cholesterol

beta-Cyclodextrins

Clathrin

Endocytosis

Cells, Cultured

Octoxynol

Cyclodextrins

Signal Transduction

Dogs

Myoglobinuria

Cell Line

Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III

Microscopy, Immunoelectron

Cell Fractionation

3T3 Cells

Golgi Apparatus

Amino Acid Sequence

Molecular Sequence Data

Protein Transport

Annexin A6

Neoplasms, Adipose Tissue

Dynamin II

Protein Binding

Adipocytes

Glycosylphosphatidylinositols

Cytoplasmic Vesicles

Sequence Tagged Sites

Dynamins

Biological Transport

Microscopy, Confocal

Nitric Oxide Synthase

Blotting, Western

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Adenomyosis

Solubility

Endosomes

Transfection

Microscopy, Electron

Centrifugation, Zonal

Muscle Proteins

Amino Acids, Aromatic

Glucose Transporter Type 4

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn

Fibroblasts

Precipitin Tests

Membrane Lipids

Androstenes

Carrier Proteins

Mice, Knockout

src-Family Kinases

Spodoptera

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Cholesterol Oxidase

Immunohistochemistry

Thioredoxin Reductase 1

Cricetinae

Muscular Dystrophies

Phosphorylation

Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect

Recombinant Proteins

Subcellular Fractions

Nitric Oxide

Coatomer Protein

Antigens, CD55

Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor

Monosaccharide Transport Proteins

RNA, Messenger

Immunoblotting

Endothelium, Vascular

Clathrin-Coated Vesicles

GTP Phosphohydrolases