Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Smoking: Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.Odds Ratio: The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Sex Factors: Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.Hypertension: Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.Body Mass Index: An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Obesity: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.United StatesDiabetes Mellitus: A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.Age Distribution: The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.Regression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Coronary Disease: An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.Comorbidity: The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.Proportional Hazards Models: Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Socioeconomic Factors: Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.Life Style: Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)Sex Distribution: The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.Diabetes Complications: Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Risk: The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.Genetic Predisposition to Disease: A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.Stroke: A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Alcohol Drinking: Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.Longitudinal Studies: Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.Chi-Square Distribution: A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.JapanPregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.China: A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2: A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.Epidemiologic Methods: Research techniques that focus on study designs and data gathering methods in human and animal populations.Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System: Telephone surveys are conducted to monitor prevalence of the major behavioral risks among adults associated with premature MORBIDITY and MORTALITY. The data collected is in regard to actual behaviors, rather than on attitudes or knowledge. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) established the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in 1984.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.European Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.Metabolic Syndrome X: A cluster of metabolic risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome X include excess ABDOMINAL FAT; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. (from AHA/NHLBI/ADA Conference Proceedings, Circulation 2004; 109:551-556)Confidence Intervals: A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Cholesterol, HDL: Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL), including CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and free cholesterol.Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.Coronary Artery Disease: Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.Cholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.BrazilPopulation Surveillance: Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.Lipids: A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Hypercholesterolemia: A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.Atherosclerosis: A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.Dyslipidemias: Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.Health Surveys: A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.Blood Glucose: Glucose in blood.Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.Educational Status: Educational attainment or level of education of individuals.Polymorphism, Genetic: The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.Rural Population: The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.Hyperlipidemias: Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.IndiaUrban Population: The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.C-Reactive Protein: A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.Asian Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the southeastern and eastern areas of the Asian continent.Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.TriglyceridesAfrican Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Africa.Cholesterol, LDL: Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to low density lipoproteins (LDL), including CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and free cholesterol.Registries: The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers.Linear Models: Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.Disease Progression: The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.FinlandCerebrovascular Disorders: A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.Carotid Artery Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.African Americans: Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.Occupational Diseases: Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.Waist Circumference: The measurement around the body at the level of the ABDOMEN and just above the hip bone. The measurement is usually taken immediately after exhalation.Health Behavior: Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.Ethnic Groups: A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships.France: A country in western Europe bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel, the Mediterranean Sea, and the countries of Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, the principalities of Andorra and Monaco, and by the duchy of Luxembourg. Its capital is Paris.Kidney Failure, Chronic: The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.Parity: The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.GermanyTunica Media: The middle layer of blood vessel walls, composed principally of thin, cylindrical, smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue. It accounts for the bulk of the wall of most arteries. The smooth muscle cells are arranged in circular layers around the vessel, and the thickness of the coat varies with the size of the vessel.Social Class: A stratum of people with similar position and prestige; includes social stratification. Social class is measured by criteria such as education, occupation, and income.Seroepidemiologic Studies: EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.Survival Rate: The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.SwedenMass Screening: Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.Myocardial Infarction: NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).Arteriosclerosis: Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.IranCalcinosis: Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.Anthropometry: The technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human or other primate body.Netherlands: Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES.TurkeyVascular Diseases: Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.ItalyExercise: Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.Age of Onset: The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.Demography: Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.Survival Analysis: A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.Causality: The relating of causes to the effects they produce. Causes are termed necessary when they must always precede an effect and sufficient when they initiate or produce an effect. Any of several factors may be associated with the potential disease causation or outcome, including predisposing factors, enabling factors, precipitating factors, reinforcing factors, and risk factors.Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide: A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.Aging: The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.Carotid Arteries: Either of the two principal arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head and neck; each divides into two branches, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery.Hospitalization: The confinement of a patient in a hospital.HIV Infections: Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Kaplan-Meier Estimate: A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)Diabetic Angiopathies: VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.Hyperhomocysteinemia: Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (>13.9 µmol/l). Hyperhomocysteinemia can be familial or acquired. Development of the acquired hyperhomocysteinemia is mostly associated with vitamins B and/or folate deficiency (e.g., PERNICIOUS ANEMIA, vitamin malabsorption). Familial hyperhomocysteinemia often results in a more severe elevation of total homocysteine and excretion into the urine, resulting in HOMOCYSTINURIA. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporotic fractures and complications during pregnancy.Occupations: Crafts, trades, professions, or other means of earning a living.Overweight: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standard of acceptable or desirable weight. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal "over fat".Tunica Intima: The innermost layer of an artery or vein, made up of one layer of endothelial cells and supported by an internal elastic lamina.Stress, Psychological: Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.Heart Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.Cause of Death: Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint.Risk Reduction Behavior: Reduction of high-risk choices and adoption of low-risk quantity and frequency alternatives.Occupational Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.Environmental Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.Republic of Korea: The capital is Seoul. The country, established September 9, 1948, is located on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Its northern border is shared with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.Hispanic Americans: Persons living in the United States of Mexican (MEXICAN AMERICANS), Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin. The concept does not include Brazilian Americans or Portuguese Americans.Breast Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.Spain: Parliamentary democracy located between France on the northeast and Portugual on the west and bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.Insulin Resistance: Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.Thrombophilia: A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.Urban Health: The status of health in urban populations.Kidney Diseases: Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.TaiwanFamily Health: The health status of the family as a unit including the impact of the health of one member of the family on the family as a unit and on individual family members; also, the impact of family organization or disorganization on the health status of its members.Accidental Falls: Falls due to slipping or tripping which may result in injury.CaliforniaLipoprotein(a): A lipoprotein that resembles the LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS but with an extra protein moiety, APOPROTEIN (A) also known as APOLIPOPROTEIN (A), linked to APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100 on the LDL by one or two disulfide bonds. High plasma level of lipoprotein (a) is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Cross Infection: Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.Residence Characteristics: Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.Rural Health: The status of health in rural populations.Venous Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.Great BritainContinental Population Groups: Groups of individuals whose putative ancestry is from native continental populations based on similarities in physical appearance.Peripheral Vascular Diseases: Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.Alleles: Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.Waist-Hip Ratio: The waist circumference measurement divided by the hip circumference measurement. For both men and women, a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of 1.0 or higher is considered "at risk" for undesirable health consequences, such as heart disease and ailments associated with OVERWEIGHT. A healthy WHR is 0.90 or less for men, and 0.80 or less for women. (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2004)Pregnancy Complications: Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.Gene Frequency: The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.Acute Disease: Disease having a short and relatively severe course.Metabolic Diseases: Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)Epidemiologic Studies: Studies designed to examine associations, commonly, hypothesized causal relations. They are usually concerned with identifying or measuring the effects of risk factors or exposures. The common types of analytic study are CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; and CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES.Maternal Age: The age of the mother in PREGNANCY.NorwayDenmarkKorea: Former kingdom, located on Korea Peninsula between Sea of Japan and Yellow Sea on east coast of Asia. In 1948, the kingdom ceased and two independent countries were formed, divided by the 38th parallel.Health Status: The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.ROC Curve: A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.Brain Ischemia: Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.Kidney Transplantation: The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.Primary Prevention: Specific practices for the prevention of disease or mental disorders in susceptible individuals or populations. These include HEALTH PROMOTION, including mental health; protective procedures, such as COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL; and monitoring and regulation of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS. Primary prevention is to be distinguished from SECONDARY PREVENTION and TERTIARY PREVENTION.Renal Dialysis: Therapy for the insufficient cleansing of the BLOOD by the kidneys based on dialysis and including hemodialysis, PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, and HEMODIAFILTRATION.Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Sexual Behavior: Sexual activities of humans.Body Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice: Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).EuropeGlomerular Filtration Rate: The volume of water filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time. It is considered to be equivalent to INULIN clearance.Hepatitis C: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.Depression: Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with major depression present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.CreatinineAnti-Bacterial Agents: Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.Probability: The study of chance processes or the relative frequency characterizing a chance process.Morbidity: The proportion of patients with a particular disease during a given year per given unit of population.Albuminuria: The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: A measurement of the thickness of the carotid artery walls. It is measured by B-mode ULTRASONOGRAPHY and is used as a surrogate marker for ATHEROSCLEROSIS.Statistics, Nonparametric: A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)Confounding Factors (Epidemiology): Factors that can cause or prevent the outcome of interest, are not intermediate variables, and are not associated with the factor(s) under investigation. They give rise to situations in which the effects of two processes are not separated, or the contribution of causal factors cannot be separated, or the measure of the effect of exposure or risk is distorted because of its association with other factors influencing the outcome of the study.Contraceptives, Oral: Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. The hormones are generally estrogen or progesterone or both.Reference Values: The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.Wounds and Injuries: Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.Intensive Care Units: Hospital units providing continuous surveillance and care to acutely ill patients.Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)Atrial Fibrillation: Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.Australia: The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.Women's Health: The concept covering the physical and mental conditions of women.Neoplasms: New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.Surgical Wound Infection: Infection occurring at the site of a surgical incision.Minnesota
Tumor of the stomach
Colles' fracture
Boxer's fracture
Templat:Infobox medical condition (new) bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Wikipedia:In the news/Candidates/December 2006
Elastina - Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre
Códigos de classificação JEL - Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre
Pneumococcal Disease | Transmission and Those at High Risk | CDC
Health Tip: Risk Factors for Prediabetes
Pneumoconiosis: Symptoms, risk factors, and management
Dietary Effects on Cardiovascular Risk Factors | SpringerLink
Intrinsic Risk Factors and Athletic Injuries | SpringerLink
DiseaseMultivariableIncreases the riskPerson'sResearchersModifiable risk factorsAlzheimer'sSymptomsPreventionPrevalenceGenes2020ObesityPeopleAtrial fibrillationGenetic Risk FactorsDementia risk factorsIncreased risk for developiEnvironmentalIncidenceAssessmentHealthHigherDiseasesRenal diseaseDepressionIncludeGeneticsOverweight or obeseRaises the riskHormone ReplaceCancersSearchTreatmentsLessen your riskAdultsCancer riskRheumatoid arthritisMajorAffectsHighHeredityStrongest riskEndometrial cancerCardiovascular riskDisordersPerinatalSmokers2016Increase your riskStroke risk factorsDiabetes Risk FactorsDiet
Disease1
- We investigated the associations of dietary proteins with the risk of incident T2D in Finnish men from the prospective Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. (fil-idf.org)
Multivariable1
- The multivariable-adjusted risk of T2D on the basis of protein intakes was compared by the Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR). During the mean follow-up of 19·3 years, 432 incident T2D cases were identified. (fil-idf.org)
Increases the risk22
- But it stands to reason that more exposure to UV rays increases the risk. (cancer.org)
- Family History - Having an immediate family member with depression increases the risk of developing depression. (psychcentral.com)
- The death of a baby's twin or triplet further increases the risk. (smartdraw.com)
- Having one APOE ε4 alleles increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's by 3 to 4 times, and two copies of APOE- ε4 (one from each parent) raises the risk by more than 10 times. (washington.edu)
- Isolation increases the risk for depression. (healthline.com)
- In fact, AF increases the risk of stroke 4- to 5-fold. (go.com)
- Translation: A build-up of calcium in the urine, which increases the risk of kidney stone formation, said Dr. Brian Stork, a urologist and spokesperson for the American Urological Association. (foxnews.com)
- This combination increases the risk for RMIs. (ccohs.ca)
- There is some evidence that a history of depression also increases the risk of vascular dementia. (alzheimers.org.uk)
- We know from the Gutenberg Health Study conducted at Mainz that the number of years of education increases the risk of developing myopia,' said Professor Norbert Pfeiffer, Director of the Department of Ophthalmology at the Mainz University Medical Center. (uni-mainz.de)
- A risk factor is something that increases the risk of developing cancer. (cancer.ca)
- Radiation therapy given in the past to treat cancer or other health conditions increases the risk of leukemia. (cancer.ca)
- Chemotherapy given in the past to treat cancer also increases the risk. (cancer.ca)
- Having had both radiation therapy and chemotherapy to treat cancer increases the risk more than having had the individual treatments alone. (cancer.ca)
- Smoking tobacco increases the risk of some types of leukemia, and it may increase the risk for other types. (cancer.ca)
- Benzene increases the risk of leukemia. (cancer.ca)
- Some studies have shown that breathing in formaldehyde increases the risk of leukemia. (cancer.ca)
- Fanconi anemia increases the risk of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and oral and oropharyngeal cancers. (cancer.ca)
- Smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day increases the risk of TB by two to four times while silicosis increases the risk about 30 fold. (wikipedia.org)
- It is probably this interference and blockage of macrophage function that increases the risk of tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Given that silicosis greatly increases the risk of tuberculosis, more research about the effect of various indoor or outdoor air pollutants on the disease would be necessary. (wikipedia.org)
- A body mass index (BMI) below 18.5 increases the risk by 2 to 3 times. (wikipedia.org)
Person's13
- Being a certain age or having certain medical conditions can increase a person's risk for pneumococcal disease. (cdc.gov)
- Researchers have found several risk factors that might increase a person's chance of developing colorectal polyps or colorectal cancer . (cancer.org)
- The causes of late-onset Alzheimer's are not yet completely understood, but they likely include a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that affect a person's risk for developing the disease. (washington.edu)
- Using an approach called genome-wide association study (GWAS), researchers have identified a number of regions of interest in the genome (an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes) that may increase a person's risk for late-onset Alzheimer's to varying degrees. (washington.edu)
- There are several factors that raise a person's risk of developing coronary heart disease and its often life threatening complications. (news-medical.net)
- Smoking - The greater a person's number of pack years (packs per year), the greater their risk of developing coronary artery disease. (news-medical.net)
- Studies of families have found that having a first-degree relative (like a parent or sibling) with an eating disorder increases a person's risk of developing an eating disorder. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
- The findings show that it may be feasible in the near future to reliably identify a person's risk of schizophrenia as accurately as gauging his or her risk of heart disease or diabetes, and raise the possibility of preventing psychotic illness, Dr. Tyrone D. Cannon of the University of California, Los Angeles and colleagues wrote in the study. (psychcentral.com)
- A person's risk of developing the condition doubles approximately every five years over the age of 65. (alzheimers.org.uk)
- Risk factors can increase a person's risk, but they do'nt necessarily cause the disease. (uhhospitals.org)
- 2 However, the influence of a particular risk factor can vary depending on a person's gender and stage of life. (inspq.qc.ca)
- However, it is well known that a child or young person's stage of development and gender contribute to the risk. (inspq.qc.ca)
- No one can live in another person's home, and cannot determine what they can or cannot risk. (psychologytoday.com)
Researchers25
- The reason for these differences is not well understood, but researchers believe that higher rates of vascular disease in these groups may also put them at greater risk for developing Alzheimer's. (alz.org)
- However, researchers have just identified four chromosome locations with genetic changes that are likely to alter a woman's risk of developing ovarian cancer. (redorbit.com)
- Spanning three continents and over 24,000 women, these findings have come from a large genome-wide associated study (GWAS) that has helped move researchers a major step closer to individualized risk assessment for ovarian cancer. (redorbit.com)
- Although more needs to be learned about the function of the specific chromosomal regions involved in susceptibility, researchers say that women at greatest risk due to these and other inherited changes may be offered increased surveillance or preventative measures in the future. (redorbit.com)
- Biological Psychiatry is now publishing an article in which researchers evaluated and identified childhood risk factors for the development of future substance use disorders (SUD). (elsevier.com)
- The researchers performed a systematic search to find previously published systematic reviews and meta-analyses that had assessed the associations between these risk factors and Alzheimer's disease or dementia. (www.nhs.uk)
- The researchers wanted to provide an updated summary of several modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. (www.nhs.uk)
- The researchers first decided which risk factors to assess. (www.nhs.uk)
- Researchers may have identified several factors that put people at risk for a disorder that makes them kick, yell and punch in their sleep. (huffingtonpost.com)
- Given the connection for many individuals between the sleep disorder and Parkinson's or dementia, researchers hypothesized that the various health problems might also share risk factors. (huffingtonpost.com)
- Still, researchers have found broad similarities in understanding some of the major risks for developing eating disorders. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
- Researchers have identified five risk factors in teenagers that can help predict whether a person will go on to develop full-blown schizophrenia . (psychcentral.com)
- Researchers have identified several cholangiocarcinoma risk factors that are believed to increase an individual's likelihood of developing bile duct cancer. (moffitt.org)
- This week, researchers published a series of scientific papers identifying six new genetic factors they believe increase the risk of developing breast cancer. (npr.org)
- Those don't increase the risk of cancer nearly as much as the BRCA1 or two genes, but the researchers say that these regions may be found in many more women. (npr.org)
- Researchers set out to create a customized model to get a better idea of Indonesian women and their risks for osteoporosis. (bellaonline.com)
- Having a large registry to track joint replacement and other surgical procedures can yield data on risk factors and help manage device recalls, researchers said. (medpagetoday.com)
- Today, researchers better understand the likelihood of a person to develop Sjögren's syndrome if they're related to someone who has it: The odds are not necessarily higher, but they are more likely to develop an autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, which is a risk factor for Sjögren's syndrome. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Researchers think there are some genetic factors behind the common types of vascular dementia, and that these are linked to the underlying cardiovascular diseases. (alzheimers.org.uk)
- The CREAM researchers interpret this as evidence that this newly discovered risk-related gene is actually involved in the development of short-sightedness. (uni-mainz.de)
- Few factors have as yet been clearly identified by researchers as increasing the risk that a child or a young person will be sexually abused. (inspq.qc.ca)
- Researchers led by Greg Rosenfeld, MD, at the University of British Columbia, conducted a study comparing same-day CTC and colonoscopy among 90 subjects aged 50 and older who were at average risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). (eurekalert.org)
- The researchers also found different attendance patterns associated with each risk factor. (edweek.org)
- Researchers screened more than 100 diverse factors in people's daily lives for links to depression. (nih.gov)
- The researchers found 18 factors linked with lower chances of depression and 11 with higher chances. (nih.gov)
Modifiable risk factors2
- This was a systematic review that investigated how seven potentially modifiable risk factors affected the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. (www.nhs.uk)
- This is one of the greatest modifiable risk factors for stroke. (empowher.com)
Alzheimer's26
- This latest study, which is being presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference in London, combined the work of 29 globally renowned experts to identify the nine modifiable lifestyle factors that contribute to increased dementia risk - all of which add up to 35% of overall impact. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- Scientists have identified factors that increase the risk of Alzheimer's. (alz.org)
- The greatest known risk factor for Alzheimer's is increasing age, but Alzheimer's is not a normal part of aging. (alz.org)
- While age increases risk, it is not a direct cause of Alzheimer's. (alz.org)
- After age 65, the risk of Alzheimer's doubles every five years. (alz.org)
- It is estimated that less than 1 percent of Alzheimer's cases are caused by deterministic genes (genes that cause a disease, rather than increase the risk of developing a disease). (alz.org)
- The risk of developing Alzheimer's or vascular dementia appears to be increased by many conditions that damage the heart and blood vessels. (alz.org)
- One promising line of research suggests that strategies for overall healthy aging may help keep the brain healthy and may even reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's. (alz.org)
- Most cases of Alzheimer's disease-type dementia result from a mix of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. (washington.edu)
- About 20 gene variants are known to confer low levels of increased risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease, while others endow resilience. (washington.edu)
- APOE ε4 increases risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease and is also associated with an earlier age of disease onset. (washington.edu)
- They have confirmed about 20 gene variants that seem to slightly raise Alzheimer's risk after age 65. (washington.edu)
- The estimate is based on a large, well-conducted review that looked at how seven lifestyle-related risk factors relate to the risk of Alzheimer's disease. (www.nhs.uk)
- The review determined how strongly the risk factors, which included obesity and smoking, were associated with Alzheimer's disease and the proportion of people worldwide and in the US whose condition could be attributed to these factors. (www.nhs.uk)
- The study found that approximately half of all cases of Alzheimer's disease were associated with one or more of the risk factors - diabetes, midlife high blood pressure, midlife obesity, depression, physical inactivity, smoking and low education. (www.nhs.uk)
- Although this important research updates knowledge on potential risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, it should be stressed that associations between these lifestyle factors and Alzheimer's does not mean that they cause the disease. (www.nhs.uk)
- It should be noted that in this case the term 'risk' does not necessarily mean that a factor causes Alzheimer's disease - it relates to the chance of people in different groups having Alzheimer's disease. (www.nhs.uk)
- For example, when examining the risk associated with smoking it would examine the proportion of smokers and non-smokers with Alzheimer's disease, but this does not necessarily mean that Alzheimer's disease is directly caused by smoking. (www.nhs.uk)
- They also wanted to estimate how reducing the number of people with each risk factor would affect the number of people who go on to have Alzheimer's disease. (www.nhs.uk)
- They looked for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, written in English and published between 2005 and 2011, which had examined the associations between these risk factors and Alzheimer's disease or dementia. (www.nhs.uk)
- What Are Your Alzheimer's and Dementia Risk Factors? (aarp.org)
- It's no surprise that old age is the biggest influence on whether you get Alzheimer's , but you may raise an eyebrow over what can seem like an endless scroll of other potential risk factors for the deadly brain disease. (aarp.org)
- What's more, experts note that many studies are quite limited in scope, with findings that may be interesting or useful to an Alzheimer's researcher - as one piece of information in a complex array of genetic and environmental factors possibly causing changes in the brain - but that aren't meant to influence behavior on an individual level. (aarp.org)
- Another area of focus is identifying risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, such as physical inactivity, depression, and smoking. (mercola.com)
- What are the Top Alzheimer's Risk Factors? (mercola.com)
- Another area of focus presented at the Alzheimer's Association 2011 International Conference was identifying risk factors, which is an important way to help you understand ways you could be inadvertently increasing your risk, as many of the risk factors are modifiable. (mercola.com)
Symptoms6
- While certain risk factors are associated with increased risk for depression, people suffering from depression may suffer from different types of depression and even display different signs and symptoms depending on the gender, age, and ethnic and cultural groups. (psychcentral.com)
- Dr. Hill commented that these results are important "in showing that risk markers for alcohol dependence and other substance use disorders can be identified long before individuals develop symptoms of these disorders. (elsevier.com)
- Overall, 65 year olds have a 10 percent risk of developing symptoms. (washington.edu)
- If you don't have any signs or symptoms, but are worried about your risk of cancer, discuss your concerns with your doctor. (mayoclinic.org)
- These factors may interact differently in different people, so two people with the same eating disorder can have very diverse perspectives, experiences, and symptoms. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
- Stroke risk factors and symptoms. (empowher.com)
Prevention9
- Understanding and being realistic about your risk factors for melanoma is an important step in prevention. (mskcc.org)
- Prevention programmes will need to take into account the variety of health determinants and the interplay between all the different risk factors. (www.nhs.uk)
- We also prepare annual BRFSS reports, newsletters, and fact sheets on health risks, prevention efforts, and chronic disease in Indiana. (in.gov)
- Better and earlier identification of those at highest risk makes it possible to develop targeted intervention/prevention efforts for these children, possibly enabling them to avoid [this] outcome. (elsevier.com)
- quicklist: 1 category: Stroke Risk Factors title: Preeclampsia url: text: This condition is a significant risk factor during and after pregnancy, so if you're trying to put a bun in the oven, prevention is key. (go.com)
- We know that even younger women who take birth control pills and smoke have a very elevated risk of both heart attack and stroke," says Prevention advisor Steven Nissen, MD, chairman of the department of cardiovascular medicine at The Cleveland Clinic. (go.com)
- If you'd like to learn more about cholangiocarcinoma risk factors, the bile duct cancer experts at Moffitt can help you assess your individual risk profile and provide advice on prevention and early detection. (moffitt.org)
- Prevention is possible but there are many risk factors needing attention. (bellaonline.com)
- The assessment of risk factors for genocide is an upstream prevention mechanism for genocide. (wikipedia.org)
Prevalence5
- However at the population level impact of this risk factor could vary depending on the local prevalence of the HIV. (hindawi.com)
- They decided not to look at diet owing to the variability in dietary factors studied and the absence of data on prevalence of dietary habits. (www.nhs.uk)
- The aim of this review was to describe the current evidence-based knowledge of the epidemiology, prevalence, incidence, risk factors and genetic associations of drug allergy. (nih.gov)
- Prevalence of different risk factors varies by region and country, this is partly why overall cancer incidence rates, and the most common types of cancer, also vary by region and country. (cancerresearchuk.org)
- Worldwide cancer incidence and mortality reflects smoking prevalence, among other factors. (cancerresearchuk.org)
Genes17
- Some research has shown that TS is a genetically complex disorder that likely occurs as a result of the effects of multiple genes interacting with other factors in the environment. (cdc.gov)
- Cancers can "run in the family" because of inherited genes, shared environmental factors, or some combination of these. (cancer.org)
- Studies have identified several inherited genes that appear to raise the risk of prostate cancer. (webmd.com)
- Two categories of genes influence whether a person develops a disease: risk genes and deterministic genes. (alz.org)
- There is another way that lymphoma is genetic though-it can cause changes in your DNA's existing genes that raise your cancer risk. (healthcentral.com)
- In addition, uncovering these childhood risk markers aids in the search for genes associated with the development of substance use disorders. (elsevier.com)
- The new genes appear to create only a moderate increase in breast cancer risk, but are present in a large percentage of the population. (npr.org)
- Scientists found two genes - BRCA1, BRCA2 - that if they had certain mutations dramatically increase the risk of breast cancer. (npr.org)
- Dr. HUNTER: Well, some of them variance in genes, some of them genetic regions that we use new technologies to scan the human genome for inherited variants that are associated with increased risk of breast cancer. (npr.org)
- The other groups concern additional genetic regions and the variance in those genes associated with breast cancer risk. (npr.org)
- And these new technologies allow us to look at gene variants that convey much lower degrees of risk than BRCA1 and BRCA2, which are the classic, very high-risk genes. (npr.org)
- And so, this is really the first reports of probably a series of reports as we really access these lower-risk genes for the first time. (npr.org)
- So by definition, the risks had to be very high for the variance from those genes in order to create those families with a very high burden. (npr.org)
- Several different genes appear to increase the risk of developing Sjögren's syndrome. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Some of these risk factors (eg lifestyle) can be controlled, but others (eg age and genes) cannot. (alzheimers.org.uk)
- Some things can increase your risk of getting dementia, including your age, genes and lifestyle. (alzheimers.org.uk)
- Experiencing trauma early in life and having certain genes can put you at higher risk for depression. (nih.gov)
20201
- Retrieved on July 13, 2020 from https://www.news-medical.net/health/Coronary-Artery-Disease-Risk-Factors.aspx. (news-medical.net)
Obesity5
- It is a comprehensive consideration of all the evidence on food, nutrition, weight gain, overweight, obesity and physical activity on risk of cancer. (www.nhs.uk)
- The seven risk factors included diabetes, midlife hypertension (high blood pressure), midlife obesity, smoking, depression, physical activity and cognitive inactivity/low educational attainment. (www.nhs.uk)
- Lifestyle factors - Lifestyle factors that raise the risk of coronary artery disease include lack of exercise, stress, obesity, and a diet rich in saturated fats and low in antioxidants. (news-medical.net)
- Overweight and obesity are possible risk factors for leukemia. (cancer.ca)
- Obesity is the major type 2 diabetes risk, with millions of people throughout the world facing obesity. (diabetes.co.uk)
People58
- Anyone can get pneumococcal disease, but some people are at increased risk. (cdc.gov)
- And some people who get the disease may not have any known risk factors. (cancer.org)
- People with a history of colorectal cancer in a first-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child) are at increased risk. (cancer.org)
- Most people with risk factors never get MCC, while others with this disease may have few or no known risk factors. (cancer.org)
- People who get a lot of sun exposure are at greater risk for MCC. (cancer.org)
- The risk of MCC goes up as people get older. (cancer.org)
- People with autoimmune diseases (like lupus) sometimes take medicines that suppress the immune system, which might increase their risk for other diseases. (cancer.org)
- People with HIV , the virus that causes AIDS, often have weakened immune systems and are also at increased risk for MCC. (cancer.org)
- Most of this risk is in people who have type 2 diabetes . (webmd.com)
- In other research, people lowered their risk by eating a healthy diet with lots of fruits and vegetables . (webmd.com)
- People who have occupations that involve working with soil are more at risk of histoplasmosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Although people with any skin color can develop melanoma, having a fair complexion (light-colored eyes or hair, prominent freckles, easily sunburned, not able to tan) puts you at a significantly higher risk for the illness. (mskcc.org)
- People exposed to ETS who have never smoked before are believed to have a lung cancer risk 31% higher than those who have never smoked and were not exposed to ETS. (news-medical.net)
- There are a number of materials people will regularly come into contact with through their work that may increase lung cancer risk. (news-medical.net)
- Sure, scientists can point to a few risk factors, but most people who develop the disease don't even have a family history. (healthcentral.com)
- Family history may be a factor for some people. (healthcentral.com)
- Peer pressure is another risk factor for addiction, especially among young people. (healthline.com)
- However, having a particular version of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene on chromosome 19-does increase risk, but only for people of European ancestry. (washington.edu)
- Systematic reviews on risk factors tend to report their findings in terms of ' relative risks ', which express the risk of a disease in people with a risk factor relative to people without this risk factor (e.g. smokers vs. non-smokers). (www.nhs.uk)
- While doctors have an idea of what may increase your risk of cancer, the majority of cancers occur in people who don't have any known risk factors. (mayoclinic.org)
- People taking such drugs should consider wearing sunglasses outdoors to reduce any risk," according to the editors of Consumer Reports. (selfgrowth.com)
- People from racial and ethnic minority groups, especially those who are undergoing rapid Westernization, may be at increased risk for developing an eating disorder due to complex interactions between stress, acculturation, and body image. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
- People with this blood disease are at increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia. (smartdraw.com)
- Smokers are at higher risk of stroke than people who do not smoke. (empowher.com)
- Lack of physical activity-People who do not get moderate exercise regularly are at increased risk of having a stroke. (empowher.com)
- Risk for stroke after a heart attack has been shown to be elevated for people over age 75. (empowher.com)
- People who have been diagnosed with type 1 neurofibromatosis have an elevated risk of developing schwannoma, meningioma and glioma. (moffitt.org)
- People who have been diagnosed with type 2 neurofibromatosis have a heightened risk of developing meningioma, vestibular schwannoma and spinal cord ependymoma. (moffitt.org)
- Many people who have one or more risk factors never develop bile duct cancer, while others are diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma despite having no known risk factors. (moffitt.org)
- Had these additional risk factors been communicated, this might have led to the delivery being attended by a team of people, including those of appropriate seniority, ensuring a more timely and robust resuscitation process. (rcog.org.uk)
- About one in five (18%) Texas adults who access the internet, or as many as 2,348,206 people, engage in at least 7 of the 15 behaviors or experience life events that may put them at increased risk of being victimized by online fraud. (aarp.org)
- On the other hand, eating too much poultry and red meat can also put you at risk for stones: One 2014 study in the journal Nutritional Epidemiology found that vegetarians and fish-eaters were 30 to 50 percent less likely to have kidney stones than people who ate about 100 grams of meat per day (think: a steak and a half). (foxnews.com)
- One oft-cited study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in 1996 found that people living in this area had nearly double the risk of stones as people living in cooler regions of the United States. (foxnews.com)
- People with diabetes are at greater risk for a stroke than someone without diabetes. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Among people of African-Caribbean descent, the risk of diabetes and stroke - but not heart disease - is also higher. (alzheimers.org.uk)
- But sometimes leukemia develops in people who don't have any of the risk factors described below. (cancer.ca)
- A family history only affects risk in a small proportion of people. (macmillan.org.uk)
- However, some people with leukemia do not have any identifiable risk factors. (cancer.ca)
- Some people with 1 or more risk factors never develop cancer. (uhhospitals.org)
- Other people can develop cancer and have no risk factors. (uhhospitals.org)
- While most moles are harmless, people who have many moles or abnormal moles (dysplastic nevi) are at increased risk for melanoma. (uhhospitals.org)
- People with very pale skin, those who freckle easily, and those with red or blond hair are at higher risk. (uhhospitals.org)
- People whose parents or siblings have had melanoma are at higher risk of melanoma. (uhhospitals.org)
- In some families, people share specific gene changes that increase their risk. (uhhospitals.org)
- People with certain rare, inherited conditions, such as xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), are at increased risk for melanoma. (uhhospitals.org)
- People who have a weak immune system, such as people who have had an organ transplant, are at higher risk for melanoma. (uhhospitals.org)
- Over 26 million people in the United States have diabetes and many more are at risk of developing diabetes. (kraftrecipes.com)
- Individual risk factors must not serve to blame people who have been victimized , but to prevent sexual assault by helping to target people who are at greater risk and to act on the factors concerned. (inspq.qc.ca)
- The community and societal factors identified as being associated with an increased risk that children and young people will be sexually abused show that sexual abuse is a social phenomenon that concerns the population as a whole. (inspq.qc.ca)
- Various societal factors have been associated with an increased risk of being sexually abused as a child, in particular: hypersexualization of young people in a society, a history of denial in a society that child sexual abuse occurs, traditional norms regarding gender roles, the presence of an ideology of male sexual entitlement, weak legal sanctions against child sexual abuse, and social norms that support sexual abuse. (inspq.qc.ca)
- Average-risk individuals are those people over the age 50 with no personal or family history of CRC. (eurekalert.org)
- They looked at behaviors and social factors that people are able to change, including exercise, sleep, TV and computer use, diet, social activities, and social support. (nih.gov)
- Environmental factors included how much green space and noise or air pollution the people lived around. (nih.gov)
- For people with genetic risk factors for depression, frequency of confiding in others and sleep duration were the most protective. (nih.gov)
- People with silicosis have an approximately 30-fold greater risk for developing TB. (wikipedia.org)
- The risk of developing TB is estimated to be between 20-37 times greater in people living with HIV than among those without HIV infection. (wikipedia.org)
- People with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of contracting tuberculosis, and they have a poorer response to treatment, possibly due to poorer drug absorption. (wikipedia.org)
- Other conflict histories that put a state at risk are past cultural traumas that have hurt the core social identity of the state, or if the people have been known to have legacy of group grievances or vengeance. (wikipedia.org)
Atrial fibrillation4
- Read more about how atrial fibrillation may affect your stroke risk. (healthcentral.com)
- quicklist: 4 category: Stroke Risk Factors title: Atrial Fibrillation url: text: This is the most common heart rhythm problem and a major modifiable risk factor for stroke. (go.com)
- As women get older, our risk for atrial fibrillation increases. (go.com)
- Having an irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation) is the most powerful and treatable heart risk factor of stroke. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Genetic Risk Factors2
- The team has uncovered nine new genetic risk factors which work together with education-related behavior as the most important environmental factor causing myopia to generate the disorder. (uni-mainz.de)
- Their efforts were crowned with success as they were able to classify nine previously unknown genetic risk factors. (uni-mainz.de)
Dementia risk factors1
- We asked experts to pinpoint the most important dementia risk factors - the ones you really need to focus on. (aarp.org)
Increased risk for developi1
Environmental16
- Scientists are studying other possible causes and environmental risk factors that might contribute to TS. (cdc.gov)
- Environmental risk factors are those that are attributable to the layout, design, and amenities of the physical workspace. (cdc.gov)
- When diseases tend to run in families, either heredity (genetics), environmental factors, or both, may play a role. (alz.org)
- Although the main causes of lung cancer stems from environmental factors, the evidence for genetic susceptibility to lung cancer is compelling as genome-wide association studies have shown several regions associated with cancer risk and accumulation of familial cases have been observed in clinical studies. (news-medical.net)
- However, knowledge in this area is still lacking because environmental factors often cover or confuse results in familial lung cancer studies. (news-medical.net)
- Environmental factors can also raise your risk of addiction. (healthline.com)
- Environmental factors such as diet have long been suspected of contributing to the high incidence of cardiovascular disease in Western societies. (springer.com)
- Full-length and Brief Reports of novel results, Commentaries, Case Studies of unusual significance, and Correspondence and Comments judged to be of high impact to the field are published, particularly those addressing genetic and environmental risk factors, neural circuitry and neurochemistry, and important new therapeutic approaches. (elsevier.com)
- It seems to run in families, but there may be environmental factors involved. (healthline.com)
- The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010. (cancerresearchuk.org)
- A person who develops Sjögren's syndrome most likely inherits the risk from one or both of their parents, but in addition, there's been some sort of environmental impact-such as a viral or bacterial infection-that causes it to become active. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- In addition to the genetic causes of myopia there are also environmental factors, the most significant of which are education-related behavior patterns. (uni-mainz.de)
- Aware that environmental effects and hereditary factors reinforce one another in the development of myopia, the scientists devised a novel research concept for their investigations. (uni-mainz.de)
- They used a statistical analysis technique that takes into account both the effects of the environmental and hereditary factors and does so in equal measure and simultaneously. (uni-mainz.de)
- This represents significant initial headway towards understanding how genetic causes interact with the level of education as an environmental factor to produce the heterogeneity of myopia. (uni-mainz.de)
- In the first stage, they screened a wide range of lifestyle and environmental factors for links with depression in more than 112,000 older British adults. (nih.gov)
Incidence3
- However, there are many other risk factors associated with increased lung cancer incidence. (news-medical.net)
- However, the study's estimates of incidence and risk factors that were used to derive this figure are based on global and US rates of risk factors that may not be specifically attributable to a UK population. (www.nhs.uk)
- In fact, the incidence of type 2 diabetes and its risk factors are increasing among children. (kraftrecipes.com)
Assessment9
- Organisations need to take a proportionate approach to human factors in risk assessment based on their hazard and risk profile. (hse.gov.uk)
- HSE's approach to risk assessment is presented in the 'Controlling the risks in the workplace' (PDF). (hse.gov.uk)
- Regulary review your risk assessment to see if any further improvements can be made. (hse.gov.uk)
- The approach you take to human factors in risk assessment should be proportionate to hazards you face. (hse.gov.uk)
- Along with The global burden of disease: 2004 update , WHO also analyzed the mortality and burden of disease attributable to 24 global risk factors using a consistent analytic framework known as Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA). (who.int)
- It is not a methodology for performing an enterprise (or individual) risk assessment. (wikipedia.org)
- It is in direct competition with the other risk assessment frameworks, if complementary to many of them. (wikipedia.org)
- As a standards body, The Open Group aims to evangelize the use of FAIR within the context of these risk assessment or management frameworks. (wikipedia.org)
- Risk assessment questionnaires provided information on the children's behaviors, recent home improvements, and use of imported products. (elsevier.com)
Health21
- Limiting alcohol use to no more than 2 drinks a day for men and 1 drink a day for women could have many health benefits, including a lower risk of many kinds of cancer . (cancer.org)
- When we address human factors in relation to health and safety, we're aiming to optimise human performance and reduce human failures. (hse.gov.uk)
- A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or health problem. (medlineplus.gov)
- But eating a healthy diet, keeping a healthy weight, and exercising often will improve your overall health and lower your risk of other problems. (webmd.com)
- While age, family history and heredity are all risk factors we can't change, research is beginning to reveal clues about other risk factors we may be able to influence through general lifestyle and wellness choices and effective management of other health conditions. (alz.org)
- Specific groups such as health care workers and indigenous population are also at an increased risk of TB infection and disease. (hindawi.com)
- This paper summarizes these factors along with health system issues such as the effects of delay in diagnosis of TB in the transmission of the bacilli. (hindawi.com)
- Similarly, conditions which prolong the length of exposure to an infectious patient include health system-related factor such as delay in diagnosis. (hindawi.com)
- Underlying mental health issues can increase your risk of addiction. (healthline.com)
- W. H. Frost, "Risk of persons in familial contact with pulmonary tuberculosis," American Journal of Public Health , vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 426-432, 1933. (hindawi.com)
- A handful of states have enacted rating reforms for the individual health insurance market, prohibiting or restricting insurers from charging higher premiums based on health status or the risk of having future medical claims. (hhs.gov)
- Factor in your health needs when deciding on Medicare coverage. (aarp.org)
- High blood pressure, or hypertension, is strongly associated with an increased risk of dementia - more so than any other single health condition. (aarp.org)
- 8. FP7 - ICT - 614440 http://www.carre-project.eu modelling health risk factors disorder 1 (as a risk factor) disorder 2 (as a probable consequence) leads to under certain conditions with a probability x E. Kaldoudi, et al. (slideshare.net)
- Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hypothyroidism/DS00353/DSECTION=risk-factors. (endocrineweb.com)
- Health, health care, and factors associated with homelessness were assessed using multiple logistic regression with a Monte Carlo algorithm to estimate exact standard errors of the model coefficients and p-values. (jhu.edu)
- M. Michele Blackwood, MD, FACS, of Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and RWJBarnabas Health discusses risk factors for breast cancer and the importance of screening. (newswise.com)
- New Brunswick, N.J. - September 29, 2019 - During this Breast Cancer Awareness Month, M. Michele Blackwood, MD, FACS, chief of breast surgery at Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and medical director/Northern regional director of breast services at RWJBarnabas Health, shares expertise on who is at risk for breast cancer and the importance of screening. (newswise.com)
- The most consistently reported factors include: being female, being between the ages of 6 and 11 (for intrafamilial sexual abuse alone), being between the ages of 12 and 17 (for extrafamilial sexual abuse alone), having experienced physical or sexual abuse in the past, and having special needs (handicap, intellectual disability, chronic illness, mental health problems). (inspq.qc.ca)
- The most consistently reported factors include: limited supervision by parents, use of drugs and alcohol by parents, having parents with mental health problems, and being in a family where the mother's spouse is not the child's biological father (i.e. a stepfather family). (inspq.qc.ca)
- Those in poor health or who are ethnic or racial minorities were more likely than others to be exposed to "cumulative risk. (edweek.org)
Higher38
- If you are overweight or obese (very overweight), your risk of developing and dying from colorectal cancer is higher. (cancer.org)
- The risk is even higher if that relative was diagnosed with cancer when they were younger than 45, or if more than one first-degree relative is affected. (cancer.org)
- Having family members who have had adenomatous polyps is also linked to a higher risk of colon cancer. (cancer.org)
- The risk of MCC is much higher for whites than for African Americans or Hispanics. (cancer.org)
- Men have a higher risk of getting heart disease than women, except in older adults. (medlineplus.gov)
- If your parents had a stroke, you are at higher risk. (medlineplus.gov)
- Men whose relatives have had prostate cancer are considered to be at higher risk. (webmd.com)
- The more you smoke, the higher your risk. (webmd.com)
- This might be because of higher rates of other risk factors like diabetes and smoking. (webmd.com)
- Men have a higher pancreatic cancer risk than women, possibly because they're also more likely to smoke. (webmd.com)
- Your risk might be higher if you work in the metalworking or dry cleaning industries and have contact with a lot of chemicals. (webmd.com)
- Caucasian women are at higher risk of endometrial cancer. (medicinenet.com)
- You're also at a higher-than-average risk for melanoma if your parents or siblings have had it. (mskcc.org)
- Overall, about 10-15% of those infected go on to develop active disease at some stage later in life [ 2 ], but the risk of progression is much higher at about 10% per year [ 8 , 9 ] in HIV-positive and other immunocompromized individuals. (hindawi.com)
- These risk factors place children at higher risk for developing stuttering. (stutteringhelp.org)
- An infant who has seizures faces a higher risk of being diagnosed later in childhood with cerebral palsy. (smartdraw.com)
- The risk of cerebral palsy is higher among babies who weigh less than 5 ½ pounds at birth or are born less than 37 weeks into pregnancy. (smartdraw.com)
- Junior (15 to 16 years) and senior athletes seem to be at a higher risk of injury in many types of sport. (springer.com)
- Men are, however, more likely to participate in vigorousexercise and sport and it is not known if men are at a generally higher risk of injury when the exposure is taken into account. (springer.com)
- Previous injuries may necessarily not cause a repetition of injury if treated adequately, but certain individuals may be at a higher risk of injury due to injury-prone biological characteristics. (springer.com)
- Higher levels of lipoprotein(a) or Lp(a) also raises the risk of coronary artery disease. (news-medical.net)
- Blood coagulation factors - Individuals who consume more dietary fat tend to have higher levels of coagulation factor VII. (news-medical.net)
- Our hormones, pregnancies, childbirth, as well as other gender-specific factors put us higher risk of this potentially fatal blockage in the brain. (go.com)
- Tell your doctor about your migraines if you haven't already, since there is an association between higher migraine frequency and stroke risk. (go.com)
- Gender-Earlier in life, men are at higher risk of stroke than women. (empowher.com)
- Your risk of stroke is higher if a family member has had a stroke. (empowher.com)
- African Americans have a much higher risk for death and disability from a stroke than whites. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- You are at higher risk for having a second stroke after you have already had a stroke. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- risk is 2.1-2.7 times higher in women with the highest circulating oestrogen levels, a cohort study showed. (cancerresearchuk.org)
- Men are at slightly higher risk of developing vascular dementia than women. (alzheimers.org.uk)
- Embalmers are at a higher risk of leukemia because they tend to have contact for a longer time and use more formaldehyde in their work. (cancer.ca)
- Men have a higher risk for melanoma overall, but women have a higher risk before age 50. (uhhospitals.org)
- Menopause can really take a hit on your body, sending your hormones and everything else out of whack and ultimately put you at a higher risk for a serious injury such as a hip fracture. (empowher.com)
- The more risk factors you have, the higher your risk for getting type 2 diabetes. (kraftrecipes.com)
- Identifying risk factors helps to better plan preventive interventions in the area of sexual assault by making it possible to target higher-risk groups and act on the risk factors concerned. (inspq.qc.ca)
- If signs are presented the international community takes notes of them and watches over the countries that have a higher risk. (wikipedia.org)
- The nation also has a higher risk if there is state legitimacy deficit, which would include high corruption, disregard for constitutional norms, or mass protests. (wikipedia.org)
- If a state structure is weak and provides poor basic services for the citizens, restricted the rule of law, or has a lack of civilian protection, it also creates a higher risk and could become unstable. (wikipedia.org)
Diseases5
- And as with many other diseases, your risk of breast cancer goes up as you get older. (breastcancer.org)
- While constant exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light is harmful, experts consider this as merely one of the factors in the development of cataracts along with heredity, malnutrition, injury, certain diseases, and the use of steroids. (selfgrowth.com)
- Some diseases caused by abnormal chromosomes may increase the risk of leukemia. (smartdraw.com)
- Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010: Description of the global burden of NCDs, their risk factors and determinants. (cancerresearchuk.org)
- High cholesterol and blood pressure levels are risks for many diseases, one of which is type 2 diabetes. (diabetes.co.uk)
Renal disease2
- Diabetes is a risk factor for renal disease, but it does not mean your kidneys will fail if you have diabetes. (davita.com)
- Other disease states that increase the risk of developing tuberculosis are Hodgkin lymphoma, end-stage renal disease, chronic lung disease, malnutrition, and alcoholism. (wikipedia.org)
Depression13
- Other mental illnesses, such as alcoholism in family members, can also increase the risk for depression. (psychcentral.com)
- Early Childhood Experience - Early childhood trauma, such as loss of a parent before adolescence, child neglect, physical, emotional or sexual abuse, and parental divorce are all linked to increased risk for adult depression. (psychcentral.com)
- If you have OCD, you're also at increased risk of other anxiety disorders, including major depression and social phobias. (healthline.com)
- The study suggests that social support can be an important factor in preventing depression. (nih.gov)
- A research team led by Drs. Karmel W. Choi and Jordan W. Smoller at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University analyzed 106 factors in people's daily lives to see whether they could find other factors that affect depression risk. (nih.gov)
- The team applied a novel, two-stage approach to identify factors that can affect the risk of developing depression. (nih.gov)
- and those without these known risk factors for depression. (nih.gov)
- How much time they spent on the computer and how much salt they consumed showed the highest increase in risk for depression. (nih.gov)
- The factor that most increased risk of depression was how much television they watched. (nih.gov)
- For the second stage of the study, the team used a method called Mendelian randomization to narrow down the list to those factors with a causal connection to depression risk. (nih.gov)
- Visiting with family and friends also appeared to have a protective effect, suggesting that social interactions may be key to reducing risk of depression. (nih.gov)
- More research is needed to determine how the factors identified in this study might contribute to depression. (nih.gov)
- Controlled clinical trials will be needed to test whether changing these factors can help prevent depression. (nih.gov)
Include2
- Chronic lung illnesses that increase an adult's risk of pneumococcal disease include chronic obstructive lung disease, emphysema, and asthma. (cdc.gov)
- Risk factors for a certain type of cancer might include smoking, diet, family history, or many other things. (uhhospitals.org)
Genetics3
- The disease likely develops from multiple factors, such as genetics, lifestyle and environment. (alz.org)
- Some risk factors, like tobacco use, are lifestyle related and can be avoided, but others, like age and genetics, cannot be controlled. (moffitt.org)
- Although some diabetic risks come from our genetics, many are preventable. (diabetes.co.uk)
Overweight or obese1
- Being overweight or obese is a possible risk factor for leukemia. (cancer.ca)
Raises the risk3
- Being overweight (especially having a larger waistline) raises the risk of colon and rectal cancer in both men and women, but the link seems to be stronger in men. (cancer.org)
- Lp(a) is a combination of LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein a complex that is referred to as the ugly cholesterol since it raises the risk of heart attacks and strokes. (news-medical.net)
- This raises the risk for stroke. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Hormone Replace2
- The Risk: Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). (go.com)
- But oestrogen unopposed by progesterone (e.g. after menopause, or during use of oestrogen-only hormone replacement therapy) increases endometrial cancer risk. (cancerresearchuk.org)
Cancers9
- Different cancers have different risk factors. (cancer.org)
- Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays is thought to be a major risk factor for most skin cancers, including MCC. (cancer.org)
- While examining the usual suspects in a region on chromosome 8, we found that SNP's (single nucleotide polymorphisms) associated with ovarian cancer risk were located quite a distance away from those associated with risk of other cancers, which suggest that they may act through a different mechanism. (redorbit.com)
- There is evidence of a convincing or probable causal link between certain foods and a reduced risk of some cancers including: foods containing dietary fibre, vegetables and fruits, milk, calcium supplements (which protect against colorectal cancer) and selenium supplements (which protect against prostate cancer). (www.nhs.uk)
- The following can increase the risk of cancer: alcoholic drinks (they say that evidence that alcoholic drinks are a cause of particular cancers has strengthened), red meat, processed meats (meats preserved by smoking, salting, or curing) which includes bacon, ham and salami (which are linked to colorectal cancer), a diet very high in calcium, salt and salty foods, beta-carotene supplements (high doses increase risk of lung cancer in smokers). (www.nhs.uk)
- Most cancers are the result of many risk factors. (cancer.ca)
- Ataxia-telangiectasia is associated with an increased risk of some cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma. (cancer.ca)
- Down syndrome is associated with an increased risk of developing some cancers, including leukemia. (cancer.ca)
- Sunlight, the main source of UV rays, is a major risk factor for melanomas (and other skin cancers). (uhhospitals.org)
Search3
- The search strategy for this paper included searching PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE databases for known risk factors. (hindawi.com)
- Only English language papers were included in the search, and the searches were limited to studies of risk factors influencing TB infection and disease. (hindawi.com)
- These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Somatization Risk Factors. (fpnotebook.com)
Treatments2
- This article explores the causes, risk factors, and available treatments for histoplasmosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Other factors, including well-known measures of RA, and established drugs treatments did not have much value for predicting pain in our study. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Lessen your risk2
- This article discusses the risk factors for stroke and things you can do to lessen your risk. (medlineplus.gov)
- Progression to full-blown diabetes isn't inevitable, the ADA says, suggesting you can lessen your risk by exercising regularly, quitting smoking and losing any extra weight. (medicinenet.com)
Adults2
Cancer risk15
- In fact, the links between diet, weight, and exercise and colorectal cancer risk are some of the strongest for any type of cancer. (cancer.org)
- A diet that's high in red meats (such as beef, pork, lamb, or liver) and processed meats (like hot dogs and some luncheon meats) raises your colorectal cancer risk. (cancer.org)
- Cooking meats at very high temperatures (frying, broiling, or grilling) creates chemicals that might raise your cancer risk. (cancer.org)
- It's not clear how much this might increase your colorectal cancer risk. (cancer.org)
- It's not clear if other dietary components (for example, certain types of fats) affect colorectal cancer risk. (cancer.org)
- Geographically there is a lot of variation in lung cancer risk, both globally and within nations. (news-medical.net)
- This risk increases with the duration and amount of smoking, but duration has the biggest effect on lung cancer risk. (news-medical.net)
- The report presents findings and recommendations to decrease cancer risk. (www.nhs.uk)
- Professor Michael Marmot, an epidemiologist at University College London, chairman of the panel that produced this report, features in much of the coverage as suggesting that the direct link between increased weight and increased cancer risk was even stronger than that associated with smoking. (www.nhs.uk)
- Think Pink, Live Green: A Step-by-Step Guide to Reducing Your Risk of Breast Cancer teaches you the biology of breast development and how modern life affects breast cancer risk. (breastcancer.org)
- Uterine cancer risk is strongly related to age. (cancerresearchuk.org)
- This is probably their mechanism of association with uterine cancer risk. (cancerresearchuk.org)
- Irregular, infrequent, absent or anovulatory menstrual cycles may reflect exposure to oestrogen unopposed by progesterone, and so may be associated with increased uterine cancer risk. (cancerresearchuk.org)
- Cancer risk factors are overall similar worldwide. (cancerresearchuk.org)
- Any substance or condition that increases cancer risk is referred to as a risk factor. (cancer.ca)
Rheumatoid arthritis1
- Some drugs, including rheumatoid arthritis drugs that work by blocking tumor necrosis factor-alpha (an inflammation-causingcytokine), raise the risk of activating a latent infection due to the importance of this cytokine in the immune defense against TB. (wikipedia.org)
Major4
- Heredity is a major risk factor for addiction. (healthline.com)
- 37% of uterine cancer cases each year in the UK are linked to major lifestyle and other risk factors. (cancerresearchuk.org)
- Gestational diabetes is another major risk, and affects about 2 to 5 per cent of women who fall pregnant. (diabetes.co.uk)
- HIV is a major risk factor for tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)
Affects1
- A risk factor is something that affects your chance of developing dementia. (alzheimers.org.uk)
High16
- So not surprisingly with today's high risk factor correlations, it is difficult to create unique return streams. (forbes.com)
- A particular high-risk population is currently Chinese men, due to the large population in China and the increased trend of cigarette smoking. (news-medical.net)
- Generally, more risk factors were identified as associated with neuroblastoma among younger infants relative to older ages, including high birth weight, heavier maternal gestational weight gain, maternal hypertension, older maternal age, ultrasound, and respiratory distress. (nih.gov)
- Ideally, these individual risk factors will now be fully investigated through high-quality trials. (www.nhs.uk)
- Measuring Risk briefly discusses measurement concepts and challenges, and then provides a high-level discussion of risk factor measurements. (wikipedia.org)
- One of the strongest risk factors for an eating disorder is perfectionism, especially a type of perfectionism called self-oriented perfectionism, which involves setting unrealistically high expectations for yourself. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
- Cannon and his team followed 291 teenagers considered to be at high risk for developing schizophrenia for two-and-a-half years to look for a more accurate predictive technique. (psychcentral.com)
- quicklist: 5 category: Stroke Risk Factors title: High Blood Pressure url: text: "The link between high blood pressure and stroke is one of the most profound in all of medicine," says Dr. Nissen. (go.com)
- Poor diet- A diet that is high in trans fat, saturated fat, and low in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fiber increases your risk of having a stroke. (empowher.com)
- But most women with breast cancer either don't have a family history or just had a single family member who's been diagnosed with breast cancer and don't come from these very high-risk families. (npr.org)
- Potentially life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) are associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. (nih.gov)
- IV (intravenous) drug abuse carries a high risk of stroke from blood clots (cerebral embolisms). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Coming into contact with high levels of radiation - for example, radiation from nuclear reactor accidents - is a risk factor for leukemia. (cancer.ca)
- But a new report finds that children in families experiencing multiple risk factors-such as poverty or having a teenage mother-are more likely to have high absenteeism during their early years in school than children without those risks. (edweek.org)
- There is also a very high 3 fold increased risk of infection with TB for patients who have diabetes mellitus. (wikipedia.org)
- Those conditions with the addition of high unemployment rates, foreign debt, and informal economies such as growing black markets a country is at risk of its economic conditions playing into their risk factors for Genocide. (wikipedia.org)
Heredity2
- While some risk factors - age, family history and heredity - can't be changed, emerging evidence suggests there may be other factors we can influence. (alz.org)
- It is known from previous studies of twins and families that the risk of acquiring short-sightedness is determined to a large extent by heredity. (uni-mainz.de)
Strongest risk1
- Age is the strongest risk factor for vascular dementia. (alzheimers.org.uk)
Endometrial cancer1
- 1 ] Studies with endometrial cancer as the endpoint are now rare, because the risks of oestrogen-only HRT users are now well-known, so users are closely monitored and their treatment stopped or changed if endometrial hyperplasia develops. (cancerresearchuk.org)
Cardiovascular risk2
- And recent research backs up these recommendations: A recent meta-analysis published in The American Journal of Medicine found that a whole foods diet reduces cardiovascular risk factors more so than diets that just focus on being low-fat. (go.com)
- Aside from these cardiovascular risk factors, there is good evidence that keeping mentally active throughout life reduces dementia risk. (alzheimers.org.uk)
Disorders4
- Risk factors for all eating disorders involve a range of biological, psychological, and sociocultural issues. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
- Being teased or bullied - especially about weight - is emerging as a risk factor in many eating disorders. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
- 29% were at risk for clinical eating disorders. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
- More information on the interaction between the movements made by neck, shoulders and hands is in our OSH Answers document on Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders - Risk Factors . (ccohs.ca)
Perinatal1
- Perinatal risk factors for neuroblastoma. (nih.gov)
Smokers1
- Smokers have been advised not to take beta-carotene supplements as studies have shown an increased risk of lung cancer associated with this dietary supplement. (news-medical.net)
20161
- Having some of these same risk factors before a first stroke can make stroke survivors more vulnerable to having a second or third one within five years, finds a report in the August 2016 issue of Stroke . (healthcentral.com)
Increase your risk6
- Other medical conditions can also increase your risk of addiction. (healthline.com)
- Just as certain drugs may be more addictive than others, your method of using drugs can also increase your risk of addiction. (healthline.com)
- Excessive emotional and/or physical stress and extreme fatigue may increase your risk of developing shingles. (empowher.com)
- There is convincing evidence that the following factors increase your risk for leukemia. (cancer.ca)
- But there are things that can increase your risk of getting cancer. (macmillan.org.uk)
- Find out about what can increase your risk of getting cancer, what to look out for and the changes you could make to reduce your risk. (macmillan.org.uk)
Stroke risk factors2
- quicklist: 2 category: Stroke Risk Factors title: Oral Contraception url: text: Taking birth control pills puts you at risk for stroke. (go.com)
- quicklist: 3 category: Stroke Risk Factors title: Migraine with Aura url: text: Women are four times more likely to get migraines than men. (go.com)
Diabetes Risk Factors1
- For this reason, below is a list of top type 2 diabetes risk factors. (diabetes.co.uk)
Diet4
- The new rules for defeating cancer" was the front-page headline today in The Times - part of widespread press coverage that has been given to a report on diet and the risk of cancer. (www.nhs.uk)
- After all, recent studies have tied an increased risk of dementia to breathing polluted air, drinking a daily diet soda, undergoing anesthesia, being "sleepy" in the afternoon, and, if you're a woman, to either having lots of kids or not having enough of them, depending on which set of results you believe. (aarp.org)
- These differences are thought to be partly inherited but mainly due to lifestyle factors such as diet, smoking and exercise. (alzheimers.org.uk)
- Diet may also modulate risk. (wikipedia.org)