Organic Cation Transport Proteins
Cations
Cation Transport Proteins
Biological Transport
Biological Transport, Active
Sodium
Fatty Acid Transport Proteins
Potassium
An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
Rubidium
Ion Transport
Membrane Transport Proteins
Cations, Monovalent
Cations, Divalent
Carrier Proteins
Squalus
Organic Cation Transporter 1
Ouabain
Erythrocytes
Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
An enzyme that catalyzes the active transport system of sodium and potassium ions across the cell wall. Sodium and potassium ions are closely coupled with membrane ATPase which undergoes phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, thereby providing energy for transport of these ions against concentration gradients.
Lithium
Metals, Alkali
Potassium Isotopes
Monosaccharide Transport Proteins
Equilibrative Nucleoside Transport Proteins
Cell Membrane
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Antiporters
Amino Acid Sequence
Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters
Anion Transport Proteins
Magnesium
Membrane Proteins
Digoxin
A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666)
Protein Transport
Erythrocyte Membrane
Axonal Transport
Rubidium Radioisotopes
Cell Membrane Permeability
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Ion Channels
Adenosine Triphosphatases
Adenosine Triphosphate
Quinidine
An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.
Symporters
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.
Kidney Tubules, Proximal
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Ions
Kidney Cortex
Mutation
Gramicidin
Membrane Potentials
The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).
Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter
Glucose
Kidney
Vesicular Transport Proteins
A broad category of proteins involved in the formation, transport and dissolution of TRANSPORT VESICLES. They play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules contained within membrane vesicles. Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported.
Binding Sites
Dogs
Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte
A major integral transmembrane protein of the ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE. It is the anion exchanger responsible for electroneutral transporting in CHLORIDE IONS in exchange of BICARBONATE IONS allowing CO2 uptake and transport from tissues to lungs by the red blood cells. Genetic mutations that result in a loss of the protein function have been associated with type 4 HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS.
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
Choline
Electron Transport
Phosphate-Binding Proteins
Xenopus laevis
Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative
Transport Vesicles
Rabbits
Organic Anion Transporters
Base Sequence
Amino Acid Transport Systems
Models, Biological
Fluorescent Dyes
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Cloning, Molecular
Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins
A sequence-related subfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS that actively transport organic substrates. Although considered organic anion transporters, a subset of proteins in this family have also been shown to convey drug resistance to neutral organic drugs. Their cellular function may have clinical significance for CHEMOTHERAPY in that they transport a variety of ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Overexpression of proteins in this class by NEOPLASMS is considered a possible mechanism in the development of multidrug resistance (DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE). Although similar in function to P-GLYCOPROTEINS, the proteins in this class share little sequence homology to the p-glycoprotein family of proteins.
Golgi Apparatus
A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)
Protein Binding
4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Nucleotide Transport Proteins
Nucleoside Transport Proteins
4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid
Models, Molecular
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Cells, Cultured
Iron
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Substrate Specificity
Anions
Periplasmic Binding Proteins
TRPM Cation Channels
Amino Acids
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Taurocholic Acid
Liver
P-Glycoprotein
A 170-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein from the superfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. It serves as an ATP-dependent efflux pump for a variety of chemicals, including many ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Overexpression of this glycoprotein is associated with multidrug resistance (see DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE).
Temperature
Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic
Oocytes
Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral
Protons
Vesicular Biogenic Amine Transport Proteins
Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters
TRPV Cation Channels
GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
A family of plasma membrane neurotransmitter transporter proteins that regulates extracellular levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. They differ from GABA RECEPTORS, which signal cellular responses to GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. They control GABA reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through high-affinity sodium-dependent transport.
Fatty Acids
Intracellular Membranes
Aquaporins
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Water
TRPC Cation Channels
Manganese
A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Bile Canaliculi
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Prealbumin
Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored
Glucose Transporter Type 1
Cilia
Populations of thin, motile processes found covering the surface of ciliates (CILIOPHORA) or the free surface of the cells making up ciliated EPITHELIUM. Each cilium arises from a basic granule in the superficial layer of CYTOPLASM. The movement of cilia propels ciliates through the liquid in which they live. The movement of cilia on a ciliated epithelium serves to propel a surface layer of mucus or fluid. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Diffusion
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Cytoplasm
Aquaporin 1
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Proteolipids
Protein-lipid combinations abundant in brain tissue, but also present in a wide variety of animal and plant tissues. In contrast to lipoproteins, they are insoluble in water, but soluble in a chloroform-methanol mixture. The protein moiety has a high content of hydrophobic amino acids. The associated lipids consist of a mixture of GLYCEROPHOSPHATES; CEREBROSIDES; and SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS; while lipoproteins contain PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; and TRIGLYCERIDES.
Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 1
Genetic Complementation Test
Zinc
A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.
Sulfobromophthalein
Blotting, Western
Transfection
Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters
Homeostasis
Drug Resistance, Multiple
Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Caco-2 Cells
Choroid Plexus
Structure-Activity Relationship
Plant Roots
4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate
Copper
Gene Expression
Bicarbonates
3-O-Methylglucose
Liposomes
Chloride Channels
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Binding, Competitive
Indoleacetic Acids
Ovum Transport
Lactose
Water-Electrolyte Balance
Protein Structure, Secondary
Transferrin
Membrane Transport Modulators
Vacuoles
Amino Acid Transport System X-AG
Gene Expression Regulation
Nickel
Cricetinae
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Permeability
Organic Anion Transport Polypeptide C
DNA, Complementary
P-Glycoproteins
A subfamily of transmembrane proteins from the superfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS that are closely related in sequence to P-GLYCOPROTEIN. When overexpressed, they function as ATP-dependent efflux pumps able to extrude lipophilic drugs, especially ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, from cells causing multidrug resistance (DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE). Although P-Glycoproteins share functional similarities to MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS they are two distinct subclasses of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS, and have little sequence homology.
Intestines
Role of iron in Nramp1-mediated inhibition of mycobacterial growth. (1/3516)
Innate resistance to mycobacterial growth is mediated by a gene, Nramp1. We have previously reported that Nramp1 mRNA from macrophages of Mycobacterium bovis BCG-resistant (Bcgr) mice is more stable than Nramp1 mRNA from macrophages of BCG-susceptible (Bcgs) mice. Based on these observations and on reports that show that the closely related Nramp2 gene is a metal ion transporter, we evaluated the effect of iron on the growth of Mycobacterium avium within macrophages as well as on the stability of Nramp1 mRNA. The addition of iron to macrophages from Bcgs mice resulted in a stimulation of mycobacterial growth. In contrast, iron increased the capacity of macrophages from Bcgr mice to control the growth of M. avium. When we treated recombinant gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-activated macrophages with iron, we found that iron abrogated the growth inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma-activated macrophages from Bcgs mice but that it did not affect the capacity of macrophages from Bcgr mice to control microbial growth. A more detailed examination of the effect of iron on microbial growth showed that the addition of small quantities of iron to resident macrophages from Bcgr mice stimulated antimicrobial activity within a very narrow dose range. The effect of iron on the growth inhibitory activity of macrophages from Bcgr mice was abrogated by the addition of catalase or mannitol to the culture medium. These results are consistent with an Fe(II)-mediated stimulation of the Fenton/Haber-Weiss reaction and hydroxyl radical-mediated inhibition of mycobacterial growth. (+info)Characterisation of copper-binding to the second sub-domain of the Menkes protein ATPase (MNKr2). (2/3516)
The Menkes ATPase (MNK) has an essential role in the translocation of copper across cellular membranes. In a complementary manner, the intracellular concentration of copper regulates the activity and cellular location of the ATPase through its six homologous amino-terminal domains. The roles of the six amino-terminal domains in the activation and cellular trafficking processes are unknown. Understanding the role of these domains relies on the development of an understanding of their metal-binding properties and structural properties. The second conserved sub-domain of MNK was over-expressed, purified and its copper-binding properties characterised. Reconstitution studies demonstrate that copper binds to MNKr2 as Cu(I) with a stoichiometry of one copper per domain. This is the first direct evidence of copper-binding to the MNK amino-terminal repeats. Circular dichroism studies suggest that the binding or loss of copper to MNKr2 does not cause substantial changes to the secondary structure of the protein. (+info)The iron transport protein NRAMP2 is an integral membrane glycoprotein that colocalizes with transferrin in recycling endosomes. (3/3516)
The natural resistance associated macrophage protein (Nramp) gene family is composed of two members in mammals, Nramp1 and Nramp2. Nramp1 is expressed primarily in macrophages and mutations at this locus cause susceptibility to infectious diseases. Nramp2 has a much broader range of tissue expression and mutations at Nramp2 result in iron deficiency, indicating a role for Nramp2 in iron metabolism. To get further insight into the function and mechanism of action of Nramp proteins, we have generated isoform specific anti-Nramp1 and anti-Nramp2 antisera. Immunoblotting experiments indicate that Nramp2 is present in a number of cell types, including hemopoietic precursors, and is coexpressed with Nramp1 in primary macrophages and macrophage cell lines. Nramp2 is expressed as a 90-100-kD integral membrane protein extensively modified by glycosylation (>40% of molecular mass). Subcellular localization studies by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy indicate distinct and nonoverlapping localization for Nramp1 and Nramp2. Nramp1 is expressed in the lysosomal compartment, whereas Nramp2 is not detectable in the lysosomes but is expressed primarily in recycling endosomes and also, to a lower extent, at the plasma membrane, colocalizing with transferrin. These findings suggest that Nramp2 plays a key role in the metabolism of transferrin-bound iron by transporting free Fe2+ across the endosomal membrane and into the cytoplasm. (+info)Genetic selection of mutations in the high affinity K+ transporter HKT1 that define functions of a loop site for reduced Na+ permeability and increased Na+ tolerance. (4/3516)
Potassium is an important macronutrient required for plant growth, whereas sodium (Na+) can be toxic at high concentrations. The wheat K+ uptake transporter HKT1 has been shown to function in yeast and oocytes as a high affinity K+-Na+ cotransporter, and as a low affinity Na+ transporter at high external Na+. A previous study showed that point mutations in HKT1, which confer enhancement of Na+ tolerance to yeast, can be isolated by genetic selection. Here we report on the isolation of mutations in new domains of HKT1 showing further large increases in Na+ tolerance. By selection in a Na+ ATPase deletion mutant of yeast that shows a high Na+ sensitivity, new HKT1 mutants at positions Gln-270 and Asn-365 were isolated. Several independent mutations were isolated at the Asn-365 site. N365S dramatically increased Na+ tolerance in yeast compared with all other HKT1 mutants. Cation uptake experiments in yeast and biophysical characterization in Xenopus oocytes showed that the mechanisms underlying the Na+ tolerance conferred by the N365S mutant were: reduced inhibition of high affinity Rb+ (K+) uptake at high Na+ concentrations, reduced low affinity Na+ uptake, and reduced Na+ to K+ content ratios in yeast. In addition, the N365S mutant could be clearly distinguished from less Na+-tolerant HKT1 mutants by a markedly decreased relative permeability for Na+ at high Na+ concentrations. The new mutations contribute to the identification of new functional domains and an amino acid in a loop domain that is involved in cation specificity of a plant high affinity K+ transporter and will be valuable for molecular analyses of Na+ transport mechanisms and stress in plants. (+info)Overexpression of a novel Arabidopsis gene related to putative zinc-transporter genes from animals can lead to enhanced zinc resistance and accumulation. (5/3516)
We describe the isolation of an Arabidopsis gene that is closely related to the animal ZnT genes (Zn transporter). The protein encoded by the ZAT (Zn transporter of Arabidopsis thaliana) gene has 398 amino acid residues and is predicted to have six membrane-spanning domains. To obtain evidence for the postulated function of the Arabidopsis gene, transgenic plants with the ZAT coding sequence under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were analyzed. Plants obtained with ZAT in the sense orientation exhibited enhanced Zn resistance and strongly increased Zn content in the roots under high Zn exposure. Antisense mRNA-producing plants were viable, with a wild-type level of Zn resistance and content, like plants expressing a truncated coding sequence lacking the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the protein. The availability of ZAT can lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of Zn homeostasis and resistance in plants. (+info)Ion channels: structure of a molecular brake. (6/3516)
A combination of crystallographic and mutagenesis studies on the HERG K+ channel, a key determinant of cardiac excitability, has suggested how the protein's extramembraneous amino-terminal domain might act as a 'molecular brake' that slows down channel deactivation. (+info)Cloning and characterization of the transport modifier RS1 from rabbit which was previously assumed to be specific for Na+-D-glucose cotransport. (7/3516)
Previously we cloned membrane associated polypeptides from pig and man (pRS1, hRS1) which altered rate and glucose dependence of Na+-d-glucose cotransport expressed by SGLT1 from rabbit and man. This paper describes the cloning of a related cDNA sequence from rabbit intestine (rbRS1) which encodes a gene product with about 65% amino acid identity to pRS1 and hRS1. Hybridization of endonuclease-restricted genomic DNA with cDNA fragments of rbRS1 showed that there is only one gene with similarity to rbRS1 in rabbit, and genomic PCR amplifications revealed that the rbRS1 gene is intronless. Comparing the transcription of rbRS1 and rbSGLT1 in various tissues and cell types, different mRNA patterns were obtained for both genes. In Xenopus oocytes the Vmax of expressed Na+-d-glucose cotransport was increased or decreased when rbRS1 was coexpressed with rbSGLT1 or hSGLT1, respectively. After coexpression with hSGLT1 the glucose dependence of the expressed transport was changed. By coexpression of rbRS1 with the human organic cation transporter hOCT2 the expressed cation uptake was not altered; however, the expressed cation uptake was drastically decreased when hRS1 was coexpressed with hOCT2. The data show that RS1 can modulate the function of transporters with non-homologous primary structures. (+info)Mechanism of increased iron absorption in murine model of hereditary hemochromatosis: increased duodenal expression of the iron transporter DMT1. (8/3516)
Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common autosomal recessive disorder characterized by tissue iron deposition secondary to excessive dietary iron absorption. We recently reported that HFE, the protein defective in HH, was physically associated with the transferrin receptor (TfR) in duodenal crypt cells and proposed that mutations in HFE attenuate the uptake of transferrin-bound iron from plasma by duodenal crypt cells, leading to up-regulation of transporters for dietary iron. Here, we tested the hypothesis that HFE-/- mice have increased duodenal expression of the divalent metal transporter (DMT1). By 4 weeks of age, the HFE-/- mice demonstrated iron loading when compared with HFE+/+ littermates, with elevated transferrin saturations (68.4% vs. 49.8%) and elevated liver iron concentrations (985 micrograms vs. 381 micrograms). By using Northern blot analyses, we quantitated duodenal expression of both classes of DMT1 transcripts: one containing an iron responsive element (IRE), called DMT1(IRE), and one containing no IRE, called DMT1(non-IRE). The positive control for DMT1 up-regulation was a murine model of dietary iron deficiency that demonstrated greatly increased levels of duodenal DMT1(IRE) mRNA. HFE-/- mice also demonstrated an increase in duodenal DMT1(IRE) mRNA (average 7.7-fold), despite their elevated transferrin saturation and hepatic iron content. Duodenal expression of DMT1(non-IRE) was not increased, nor was hepatic expression of DMT1 increased. These data support the model for HH in which HFE mutations lead to inappropriately low crypt cell iron, with resultant stabilization of DMT1(IRE) mRNA, up-regulation of DMT1, and increased absorption of dietary iron. (+info)Mn tolerance in rice is mediated by MTP8.1, a member of the cation diffusion facilitator family<...
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CHAPTER 9
-
Binding, Transport and Storage of Metal Ions in Biological Cells
(RSC Publishing)
SLC11A1 (solute carrier family 11 (proton-coupled divalent metal ion transporters), member 1) - KOMP (Knockout Mouse Project)
Rachelle Gaudet - Harvard University - Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology
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The cation diffusion facilitator family protein EmfA confers resistance to manganese toxicity in Brucella abortus 2308 and is...
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Organic cation transport protein
An organic cation transport protein mediates the transport of organic cations across the cell membrane. These proteins are ... This family of proteins can also transport zwitterions and anions, though it is a different subfamily of solute carrier ... proteins than the organic anion transporters. (Solute carrier family, Transmembrane transporters, Transport proteins). ...
Cocaine
One transport protein or many?". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 239: 108283. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108283. PMID 36162727 ... Cocaine crosses the blood-brain barrier via a proton-coupled organic cation antiporter and (to a lesser extent) via passive ... Cocaine crosses the blood-brain barrier via both a proton-coupled organic cation antiporter and (to a lesser extent) via ... It also functions on the binding sites to the dopamine and serotonin sodium dependent transport area as targets as separate ...
Karelsulcia muelleri
K. muelleri" makes include a couple of transport proteins; the microbe creates organic cation transport proteins, antibiotic- ... Of the 227 different polypeptides, 99 of them are enzymes and another 9 are transport proteins. The GC-content is 22.4%. A ... The tree was constructed by comparing the peptide sequences of ten different types of proteins. The proteins used were the DNA ... 21.3% of its protein-coding genes are dedicated to creating amino acids, while another 33% is dedicated to translation-related ...
SLC22A5
... transporting one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Organic cations transported by this protein include ... SLC22A5 is a membrane transport protein associated with primary carnitine deficiency. This protein is involved in the active ... an organic cation/carnitine transporter, with differential effects on the organic cation transport function and the carnitine ... The SLC22A5 gene codes for a plasma integral membrane protein which functions as both an organic cation transporter and a ...
OST Family
Organic cation transport proteins Organic anion-transporting polypeptide Solute carrier family Osmoregulation Organic anion ... Transmembrane proteins, Transmembrane transporters, Transport proteins, Integral membrane proteins). ... The generalized transport reaction catalyzed by OSTα/OSTβ is: organic anion (out) ⇌ organic anion (in) Each transport system ... The two proteins are highly expressed in many human tissues. The β-subunit is not required to target the α-subunit to the ...
Putrescine
... or a transport protein. It also serves as an important regulator in a variety of surface proteins, both on the cell surface and ... Putrescine serves an important role in a multitude of ways, which include: a cation substitute, an osmolyte, ...
Facilitated diffusion
Some examples of proteins that mediate this process are glucose transporters, organic cation transport proteins, urea ... The carrier protein at the membrane binds to the glucose and alters its shape such that it can easily to be transported. ... the transport relies on molecular binding between the cargo and the membrane-embedded channel or carrier protein. the rate of ... Their transport must therefore be "facilitated" by proteins that span the membrane and provide an alternative route or bypass ...
SLC22A1
Solute carrier family Organic cation transport proteins GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000175003 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38 ... This gene is one of three similar cation transporter genes located in a cluster on chromosome 6. The encoded protein contains ... Solute carrier family 22 member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene SLC22A1. Polyspecific organic cation ... "Properties and regulation of organic cation transport in freshly isolated human proximal tubules". The Journal of Biological ...
ATP12A
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases. This gene encodes a catalytic ... Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATP12A gene. ... "ATP12A - Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 2 - Homo sapiens (Human) - ATP12A gene & protein". www.uniprot.org. ... 2002). "Stimulation of protein kinase C pathway mediates endocytosis of human nongastric H+-K+-ATPase, ATP1AL1". Am. J. Physiol ...
CDF
... the ANDI/netCDF scientific data interchange file format Cation diffusion facilitator, transport protein Channel Definition ...
Oct
... or OCT may refer to: Optical coherence tomography, an imaging method Organic cation transport protein, a type of protein ...
CDP-choline pathway
... sodium-independent organic cation transport proteins (OCTs) and/or carnitine/organic cation transporters (OCTNs), and do not ... Choline kinase (CK) is a cytosolic protein that catalyzes the following reaction:: 418 choline + ATP ⇌ phosphocholine + ADP In ... Michel V, Yuan Z, Ramsubir S, Bakovic M (May 2006). "Choline transport for phospholipid synthesis". Experimental Biology and ... which include the choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1). The fate of internalized choline depends on the cell type. In pre- ...
Methylprednisolone
... altering cellular functions and ultimately influencing cation transport through the plasma membrane and stimulating the proton ... Metabolic: protein catabolism which causes negative nitrogen balance. Musculoskeletal: muscle weakness, loss of muscle mass, ... The metabolic effects of taking methylprednisolone involve the continuous breakdown of proteins for gluconeogenesis increase ... This association changes physiochemical properties of the membrane; activating membrane proteins, ...
Ionophore
... a molecule that transports a single potassium cation. Carrier ionophores may be proteins or other molecules. Channel formers ... Gräfe, U.; Reinhardt, G.; Miosga, N. (1989). "Monovalent cation specificity of passive transport mediated by laidlomycin and 26 ... Ionophores facilitate the transport of ions across biological membranes most commonly via passive transport, which is affected ... Many ionophores are lipid-soluble entities that transport ions across the cell membrane. Ionophores catalyze ion transport ...
APC Family
... of transport proteins includes members that function as solute:cation symporters and solute:solute antiporters. They occur in ... Protein families, Membrane proteins, Transmembrane proteins, Transmembrane transporters, Transport proteins, Integral membrane ... The larger eukaryotic and archaeal proteins possess N- and C-terminal hydrophilic extensions. Some animal proteins, for example ... APC Superfamily Transporter Classification Database Membrane transport protein Saier MH (August 2000). "Families of ...
Calcium:cation antiporter-2
"The LysE Superfamily of Transport Proteins Involved in Cell Physiology and Pathogenesis". PLOS ONE. 10 (10): e0137184. Bibcode: ... Note that this family differs from the calcium:cation antiporter (CaCA) family which belongs to the cation diffusion ... Portal: Biology v t e (Protein families, Solute carrier family, All stub articles, Membrane protein stubs). ... CaCA2 family proteins are found in bacteria, archaea, yeast, plants and animals. This family, previously called the ...
Bacterial potassium transporter
TrkH from Escherichia coli is a transmembrane protein and determines the specificity and kinetics of cation transport by the ... This protein family consists of various potassium transport proteins (Trk) and V-type sodium ATP synthase subunit J or ... This protein interacts with TrkA and requires TrkE for transport activity. Schlosser A, Meldorf M, Stumpe S, Bakker EP, Epstein ... determine the specificity and kinetics of cation transport by the Trk system of Escherichia coli". J. Bacteriol. 177 (7): 1908- ...
Transport protein
... escort protein, acid transport protein, cation transport protein, or anion transport protein) is a protein that serves the ... A membrane transport protein (or simply transporter) is a membrane protein that acts as such a carrier. A vesicular transport ... Membrane+transport+proteins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Vesicular+Transport+Proteins ... There are several different kinds of transport proteins. Carrier proteins are proteins involved in the movement of ions, small ...
Monovalent cation:proton antiporter-1
Protein families, Membrane proteins, Transmembrane proteins, Transmembrane transporters, Transport proteins, Integral membrane ... The Monovalent Cation:Proton Antiporter-1 (CPA1) Family (TC# 2.A.36) is a large family of proteins derived from Gram-positive ... M4 and M9 therefore contain critical sites for both drug and cation recognition. The generalized transport reaction catalyzed ... The bacterial proteins have 520-550 amino acyl residues (aas) while eukaryotic proteins are generally larger, varying in size ...
Epithelial sodium channel
The generalized transport reaction for Na+ channels is: Na+ (out) → Na+ (in) That for the degenerins is: Cation (out) → cation ... CFTR is a transmembrane channel responsible for chloride transport and defects in this protein cause cystic fibrosis, partly ... "ATP-gated P2X Receptor Cation Channel (P2X Receptor) Family". Functional and Phylogenetic Classification of Membrane Transport ... Toczyłowska-Mamińska R, Dołowy K (February 2012). "Ion transporting proteins of human bronchial epithelium". Journal of ...
Nucleobase cation symporter-1
Protein families, Protein domains, Membrane proteins, Transmembrane proteins, Transmembrane transporters, Transport proteins, ... The Nucleobase:Cation Symporter-1 (NCS1) Family (TC# 2.A.39) consists of over 1000 currently sequenced proteins derived from ... providing the structural basis of the alternating access model for membrane transport. NCS1 proteins are H+/Na+ symporters ... The latter three proteins are likely to be closely related thiamin permease isoforms. The yeast cytosine-purine and vitamin B6 ...
SLC22A13
The encoded protein is a transmembrane protein involved in the transport of small molecules. This protein can function to ... This gene encodes a member of the organic-cation transporter family. It is located in a gene cluster with another member of the ... Solute carrier family 22 member 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A13 gene. ... "The effects of genetic polymorphisms in the organic cation transporters OCT1, OCT2, and OCT3 on the renal clearance of ...
Phospholipid-transporting ATPase VA
The protein encoded by ATP10A belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of ... "ATP10A - Phospholipid-transporting ATPase VA - Homo sapiens (Human) - ATP10A gene & protein". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 9 ... Phospholipid-transporting ATPase VA also known as ATPase class V type 10A or aminophospholipid translocase VA is an enzyme that ... The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 5 (1): 31-9. doi ...
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1
Chen Y, Zhang S, Sorani M, Giacomini KM (2007). "Transport of paraquat by human organic cation transporters and multidrug and ... 2007). "The MATE proteins as fundamental transporters of metabolic and xenobiotic organic cations". Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 27 ( ... 2006). "A human transporter protein that mediates the final excretion step for toxic organic cations". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U ... Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1), also known as solute carrier family 47 member 1, is a protein that in humans ...
CPA superfamily
The cation:proton antiporter (CPA) superfamily is a superfamily of transport proteins named after one of its constituent ... Membrane proteins, Transmembrane proteins, Transmembrane transporters, Transport proteins, Integral membrane proteins, Protein ... As of April 2016, the CPA superfamily consists of four members: Monovalent cation:proton antiporter-2 family Malonate:Sodium ... members, the monovalent cation:proton antiporter-2 (CPA2). CPA1 was considered a member of the superfamily until 2010, when it ...
SLC22A4
... but efficiency of transport for organic cations (e.g., tetraethylammonium) is very low. The transport efficiency for carnitine ... The first functional designation of this protein was OCTN1 ("organic cation transporter, novel, type 1"), ... The encoded protein is an integral protein of the plasma membrane containing 12 transmembrane segments. ... and pH-dependent transport of organic cations". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 289 (2): 768-73. ...
Magnesium transporter
... but the Ki for Mg2+ inhibition of this transport is currently unknown. The transport of other cations by the Alr1p protein was ... also showed that the protein could transport Zn2+ and Fe2+, but did not report on the capacity of the protein to transport ... The transport of Zn2+ by this protein may be as important as that of Mg2+. The table shows a comparison of the transport ... How the transport of Mg2+ by the protein is regulated was not determined. Currents were observed to pass through the protein in ...
ATP1A3
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+- ... "A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration". Cell. 125 (4): ... Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP1A3 gene. ... "Entrez Gene: ATP1A3 ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 3 polypeptide". Smith RS, Florio M, Akula SK, Neil JE, Wang Y, Hill RS, ...
ATP8B3
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of ... The aminophospholipid translocases transport phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine from one side of a bilayer to ... This gene encodes the member 3 of the phospholipid-transporting ATPase 8B. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding ... The human gene ATP8B3 encodes the protein ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter, class I, type 8B, member 3. ...
ATP1A4
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+ - ... Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP1A4 gene. ... Na+/K+ -ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for establishing and maintaining the electrochemical gradients of Na ... These gradients are essential for osmoregulation, for sodium-coupled transport of a variety of organic and inorganic molecules ...
Sulfide
The disulfide bond (-S-S-) plays a major role in the conformation of proteins and in the catalytic activity of enzymes. Sulfide ... 8 MgS + 8 I2 → S8 + 8 MgI2 Aqueous solutions of transition metals cations react with sulfide sources (H2S, NaHS, Na2S) to ... pipelines transporting soured oil, Kraft paper factories. Microbially-induced corrosion (MIC) or biogenic sulfide corrosion are ...
Voltage-gated ion channel
2004). "Phylogeny as a guide to structure and function of membrane transport proteins". Mol Membr Biol. 21 (3): 171-181. doi: ... polycystin cation channels, glutamate-gated ion channels, calcium-dependent chloride channels, monovalent cation:proton ... Phylogenetic studies of proteins expressed in bacteria revealed the existence of a superfamily of voltage-gated sodium channels ... Voltage-gated ion channels are a class of transmembrane proteins that form ion channels that are activated by changes in the ...
Sodium-potassium pump
... ions from the cell provides the driving force for several secondary active transporters such as membrane transport proteins, ... Skou JC (February 1957). "The influence of some cations on an adenosine triphosphatase from peripheral nerves". Biochimica et ... Protein-protein interactions play a very important role in Na⁺-K⁺ pump-mediated signal transduction. For example, the Na⁺-K⁺ ... this membrane protein can also relay extracellular ouabain-binding signalling into the cell through regulation of protein ...
Plasma membrane monoamine transporter
This protein is an integral membrane protein that transports the monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, ... Xia L, Zhou M, Kalhorn TF, Ho HT, Wang J (Jun 2009). "Podocyte-specific expression of organic cation transporter PMAT: ... as well being only weakly sensitive to the adenosine transport inhibitor, dipyridamole. Its transport of monoamines, unlike for ... The plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) is a low-affinity monoamine transporter protein which in humans is encoded by ...
Biometal (biology)
It does this via two important transport proteins called hemoglobin and myoglobin. Hemoglobin in the blood transports oxygen ... Magnesium is the most abundant free cation in plant cytosol, is the central atom in chlorophyll and offers itself as a bridging ... Both proteins are tetramer complexes with iron protein complexes called hemes built into each subunit of the tetramer. The ... Processes including oxygen transport and DNA replication are carried out using enzymes such as DNA polymerase, which in humans ...
WNK1
The WNK1 protein is composed of 2382 amino acids (molecular weight 230 kDa). The protein contains a kinase domain located ... CCCs mediate ion homeostasis and modulate blood pressure by transporting ions in and out of the cell. WNK1 mutations as a ... The predominant role of WNK1 is the regulation of cation-Cl− cotransporters (CCCs) such as the sodium chloride cotransporter ( ... The gene belongs to a group of four related protein kinases (WNK1, WNK2, WNK3, WNK4). Homologs of this protein have been found ...
WNK3
Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK3, also known as protein kinase lysine-deficient 3, is a protein that in humans is encoded ... 2005). "WNK3 kinase is a positive regulator of NKCC2 and NCC, renal cation-Cl− cotransporters required for normal blood ... This family member functions as a positive regulator of the transcellular Ca2+ transport pathway, and it plays a role in the ... WNK3 is a protein belonging to the 'with no lysine' family of serine-threonine protein kinases. These family members lack the ...
Geranyltranstransferase
A notable example of the former is the farnesylation of small G-proteins including Ras, CDC42, Rho, and Rac. The attachment of ... Ubiquinone is a key electron carrier in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration. Isoprenoids are a large group of ... The loss of pyrophosphate forms dimethylallyl cation. In the second step, the reactive C3-C5 double bond in isopentyl ... Ericsson J, Jackson SM, Edwards PA (Oct 1996). "Synergistic binding of sterol regulatory element-binding protein and NF-Y to ...
Lipid bilayer fusion
The first of these proteins to be studied were the viral fusion proteins, which allow an enveloped virus to insert its genetic ... Exocytosis, fertilization of an egg by sperm and transport of waste products to the lysosome are a few of the many eukaryotic ... These studies have shown that divalent cations play a critical role in the fusion process by binding to negatively charged ... Even once the role of SNAREs or other specific proteins is illuminated, a unified understanding of fusion proteins is unlikely ...
Wetland
Fresh and saltwater fish are the main source of protein for about one billion people and comprise 15% of an additional 3.5 ... Key factors that are assessed to determine water quality include: Major anion analysis: (HCO3−,Cl−,NO3−,SO42-) Major cation ... Sediment and heavy metal traps: Precipitation and surface runoff induces soil erosion, transporting sediment in suspension into ... billion people's protein intake. Another food staple found in wetland systems is rice, a popular grain that is consumed at the ...
Shewanella oneidensis
For the extracellular polymeric substances, many proteins and other bio-macromolecules are required. Many metal cations are ... The extracellular electron transport chains responsible for transferring electrons across cell membranes are relatively well ... EDTA control and extensive cation presence/absence tests show that Ca(II), Mn(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) are all essential in this ... Cytochrome c class protein SO3300 also has an elevated transcription. For example, when reducing U(VI), special cytochromes ...
Teichoic acid
Many of these proteins are located in a conserved gene cluster. Later (2013) studies have identified a few more enzymes that ... The main function of teichoic acids is to provide flexibility to the cell-wall by attracting cations such as calcium and ... Following the synthesis, the ATP-binding cassette transporters (teichoic-acid-transporting ATPase) TarGH (P42953, P42954) flip ...
GABA transporter type 1
I of the gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter GAT-1 plays a crucial role in the transition between cation leak and transport ... GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) also known as sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 is a protein that in humans is ... In this conformation, 2 extracellular Na+ ions are co-transported into the neuron along with 1 GABA and 1 Cl− that bind to the ... The presence of a Cl−/Cl− exchange is also proposed because the Cl− transported across the membrane does not affect the net ...
Iron-sulfur cluster
... and with many cations. Variations have been prepared including the incomplete cubanes [Fe3S4(SR)3]3−. The Rieske proteins ... Both are part of the electron transport chain of their respective organisms which is a crucial step in the energy harvesting ... The ferredoxin proteins are the most common Fe-S clusters in nature. They feature either 2Fe-2S or 4Fe-4S centers. They occur ... The relevant redox couple in all Fe-S proteins is Fe(II)/Fe(III). Many clusters have been synthesized in the laboratory with ...
Potential applications of graphene
Human serum albumin (HSA) is one of the most abundant blood proteins. It serves as a transport protein for several endogenous ... Its surface is covered with epoxy, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups that interact with cations and anions. It is soluble in water ... "Selective Phosphorylation Inhibitor of Delta Protein Kinase C-Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Protein-Protein Interactions: ... By the next year, a commercial version of a graphene biosensor was being used by biology researchers as a protein binding ...
Drug interaction
The main interaction mechanism is competition for plasma protein transport. In these cases the drug that arrives first binds ... Formation of non-absorbable complexes: Chelation: The presence of di- or trivalent cations can cause the chelation of certain ... Binding with proteins. Some drugs such as sucralfate binds to proteins, especially if they have a high bioavailability. For ... This transport system can also be saturated if the plasma concentrations of the drug are high. Bile excretion of drugs mainly ...
VPS29
... which is involved in retrograde transport of proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. Vps29 may be involved in the ... 2006). "The human Vps29 retromer component is a metallo-phosphoesterase for a cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor ... structure of human vacuolar protein sorting protein 29 reveals a phosphodiesterase/nuclease-like fold and two protein-protein ... The homologous protein (one that performs the same function) in yeast is Vacuolar protein sorting 29 homolog (S. cerevisiae). ...
Lipid bilayer
... which allows cells to regulate salt concentrations and pH by transporting ions across their membranes using proteins called ion ... The presence of ions, in particular divalent cations like magnesium and calcium, strongly affects this step. One of the ... Some of these proteins are linked to the exterior of the cell membrane. An example of this is the CD59 protein, which ... The most common class of this type of protein is the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). GPCRs are responsible for much of the ...
Agmatine
Protein ADP-ribosylation. Inhibition of protein arginine ADP-ribosylation. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). Indirect down- ... Agmatine binds to α2-adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor binding sites, and blocks NMDA receptors and other cation ... Agmatine is a precursor for polyamine synthesis, competitive inhibitor of polyamine transport, inducer of spermidine/spermine ... Marc RE (April 1999). "Mapping glutamatergic drive in the vertebrate retina with a channel-permeant organic cation". The ...
Haem peroxidase
... a soluble protein found in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, where it probably protects against toxic peroxides; ... is oxidized to the porphyrin pi-cation radical (R'). Compound I then oxidizes an organic substrate to give a substrate radical ... Protein pages needing a picture, Protein domains, EC 1.11.1, Hemoproteins). ... Class II proteins contain four conserved disulphide bridges and two conserved calcium-binding sites. Class III consists of the ...
ATP13A3
Probable cation-transporting ATPase 13A3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP13A3 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89 ... "Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins ...
Calcium ATPase
... is a transport protein in the plasma membrane of cells that serves to remove calcium (Ca2+) from the cell. It is vital for ... EC 7.2.2.10 Overview at utoronto.ca Cation transporting ATPase family in Pfam Portal: Biology (Articles with short description ... Short description matches Wikidata, Transport proteins, Transmembrane proteins, EC 7.2.2). ... Active transport#Counter-transport PDB Molecule of the Month Calcium pump nlm.nih.gov Jensen TP, Buckby LE, Empson RM ( ...
Jared Diamond bibliography
Diamond, J. M. (1996). "Wet transport proteins". Nature. 384 (6610): 611-612. Bibcode:1996Natur.384..611D. doi:10.1038/384611a0 ... Moreno, J. H.; Diamond, J. M. (1974). "Role of hydrogen bonding in organic cation discrimination by gallbladder epithelium". ... Karasov, W. H.; Pond III, R. S.; Solberg, D. H.; Diamond, J. M. (1983). "Regulation of proline and glucose transport in mouse ... Diamond, J. M. (1964). "The Mechanism of Isotonic Water Transport", The Journal of General Physiology. 48: 15-42 . doi:10.1085. ...
Period 2 element
Nitrogen is a constituent element of amino acids and thus of proteins, and of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). It resides in the ... In ionic compounds, lithium loses an electron to become positively charged, forming the cation Li+. Lithium is the first alkali ... Fluorine even attacks silica, one of the favored materials for transporting strong acids, and burns asbestos. It attacks common ... The sugars are then turned into such substances as cellulose and (with nitrogen and often sulfur) proteins and other essential ...
Counterion
Depending on their charge, proteins are associated with a variety of smaller anions and cations. In plant cells, the anion ... Ion permeation through hydrophobic cell walls is mediated by ion transport channels. Nucleic acids are anionic, the ... Solubility of salts in organic solvents is a function of both the cation and the anion. The solubility of cations in organic ... Similarly, the solubility of anions in organic solvents is enhanced with lipophilic cations. The most common lipophilic cations ...
ARC3 family
The Bacillus protein exports both arsenite and antimonite. The exact transport mechanism has not established. The generalized ... Ramos, J; Ariño, J; Sychrová, H (April 2011). "Alkali-metal-cation influx and efflux systems in nonconventional yeast species ... These proteins are the ACR3 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also called the ARR3 protein, and the 'ArsB' protein of ... In the latter case ATP hydrolysis again energizes transport. ARC3 homologues transport the same anions as ArsA/AB homologues, ...
Phosphatidic acid
... anchored proteins: GPI-anchored proteins in liposomes and cells show similar behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... A major event in the budding of vesicles, such as transport carriers from the Golgi, is the creation and subsequent narrowing ... The interconversion of lysoPA, PA, and DAG - and changes in pH and cation concentration - can cause membrane bending and ... The roles of lysoPA, PA, and DAG in promoting membrane curvature do not preclude a role in recruiting proteins to the membrane ...
Nonactin
... is known for its ability to form complexes with alkali cations, most notably potassium and sodium. In general, ... This is how nonactin is able to transport potassium ions across lipid membranes. Nonactin has been reported to specifically ... inhibit the processing of cytoplasmic precursor proteins destined for the mitochondria. It is able to uncouple the oxidative ... Although nonactin (and all nactins) exhibits an especially high cation selectivity for potassium ions over sodium ions or ...
OTRPC4, a nonselective cation channel that confers sensitivity to extracellular osmolarity
Here we identify a new TRP (transient receptor potential)-like channel protein, OTRPC4, that is expressed at high levels in the ... Cation Transport Proteins * Cations * Ion Channels * TRPV Cation Channels * Trpv4 protein, mouse ... OTRPC4, a nonselective cation channel that confers sensitivity to extracellular osmolarity Nat Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;2(10):695- ... Here we identify a new TRP (transient receptor potential)-like channel protein, OTRPC4, that is expressed at high levels in the ...
TRPM1 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics
The TRPM1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member ... This protein acts as a channel, transporting positively charged atoms (cations) into cells. The TRPM1 channel is found on the ... The TRPM1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member ... In bright-light conditions, the TRPM1 channel is open, allowing cations to flow in and out of bipolar cells and preventing ...
Bacterial physiological adaptations to contrasting edaphic conditions identified using landscape scale metagenomics<...
Cation Transport Proteins Medicine & Life Sciences 8% * Biodiversity Medicine & Life Sciences 6% ... Assessment of indicator genes revealed that the acidic organic-rich soils possessed a greater abundance of cation efflux pumps ... Assessment of indicator genes revealed that the acidic organic-rich soils possessed a greater abundance of cation efflux pumps ... Assessment of indicator genes revealed that the acidic organic-rich soils possessed a greater abundance of cation efflux pumps ...
SCOPe 2.08: Domain d1wpgb1: 1wpg B:125-239
Family b.82.7.1: Metal cation-transporting ATPase, actuator domain A [81652] (2 proteins). ... Superfamily b.82.7: Metal cation-transporting ATPase, actuator domain A [81653] (1 family) a distorted variant of double-helix ... Other proteins in same PDB: d1wpga2, d1wpga3, d1wpga4, d1wpgb2, d1wpgb3, d1wpgb4, d1wpgc2, d1wpgc3, d1wpgc4, d1wpgd2, d1wpgd3, ... Class b: All beta proteins [48724] (180 folds). *. Fold b.82: Double-stranded beta-helix [51181] (7 superfamilies). one turn of ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
... membrane cation transport, calcium binding proteins, and enzymes ranging from phosphodiesterase to protein kinase C. Despite ... 808 individual proteins were resolved, 162 of which had coefficients of variation < .00 1) by the lead exposures studied. ... was to determine if low-level exposure of rabbits to lead would produce concentration-dependent changes in myocardial proteins ...
anti-CATSPER3 Antikörper (AA 201-300) (Alexa Fluor 350) | Produkt Nr. ABIN1692968
CatSpers (cation channel, sperm associated proteins) are ion transport proteins located on the surface of sperm cells in the ... cav-like protein, one-repeat calcium channel-like protein, CATSPER3, CACRC, Cav-like protein, CACRC, Cation channel, sperm ... Synonyms: cation channel sperm-associated protein 3, calcium channel repeat containing 1, putative ion channel CatSper3, ... CATSPER3, CACRC, 4921522D01Rik, cation channel sperm associated 3, cation channel, sperm associated 3, CATSPER3, Catsper3 ...
Sol Genomics Network
Cation efflux protein. - Biological Process: cation transport (GO:0006812). - Molecular Function: cation transporter activity ( ... Protein prediction analysis (2) Protein prediction analysis (2) Prediction based on longest six frame method >SGN-P151475 (180 ... Urease accessory protein UreG. - Biological Process: protein complex assembly (GO:0006461). - Molecular Function: nickel ion ... Urease accessory protein UreG. - Biological Process: protein complex assembly (GO:0006461). - Molecular Function: nickel ion ...
2022 Annual Meeting
Divalent cation driven liquid-liquid phase separation of disordered acidic proteins. Joshua E. Mayfield, University of ... Regulation of mitochondrial calcium transport by caloric restriction in rat kidney. Julian Cualcialpud Serna, Universidade de ... Protein Interest Group - Membrane proteins Organizers: Matthias Buck, Case Western University, and Fran Barrera, University of ... Nonstructural protein 1 of SARS coronavirus interacts with stress granule protein G3BP1 and accumulates in the stress granule ...
Drug Interactions with Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): Overview, Drug Interactions by Antiretroviral Class
Several other drug transport proteins have been discovered, and families of these proteins include multidrug and toxin ... Impact of Substrate-Dependent Inhibition on Renal Organic Cation Transporters hOCT2 and hMATE1/2-K-Mediated Drug Transport and ... Role of the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in drug transport--an update. AAPS J. 2015 Jan. 17 (1):65-82. [QxMD ... 15] , organic anion transporter, breast cancer resistance protein [16] , and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) ...
ESKAPEing the labyrinth of antibacterial discovery | Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
Identification of a cation transport pathway in Neisseria meningitidis PorB. Proteins 81, 830-840 (2013). ... Atomic-level characterization of the structural dynamics of proteins. Science 330, 341-346 (2010). This paper describes a ... including the kinetics of protein folding to the native state, in addition to the detail these methods provide at atomic ... The authors also demonstrate the selective binding and transport of antibiotics by these channels. ...
DeCS
Cation Transport Proteins - Preferred Concept UI. M0380835. Scope note. Membrane proteins whose primary function is to ... 2002; for CATION PUMPS & CATION PUMP see ION PUMPS 1992-2001. History Note:. 2002; for CATION PUMPS & CATION PUMP use ION PUMPS ... Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of positively charged molecules (cations) across a ... facilitate the transport of positively charged molecules (cations) across a biological membrane. ...
Table 3 | Characteristics of differentially expressed proteins..
Characteristics of differentially expressed proteins identified by 45Ca- 760 autoradiography ... Protein class. 7816/6807. 63.6/87.4. * 2.11; 2.41. ↓10mMCa. ↑Bapta 0.5mM. 45Ca. Probable Cation transport ATPase 92% coverage. ... Protein expression. change Ca. Protein expression. change BAPTA/. EGTA. Detected by. LC/MS ID. Gene name. ... Heat-shock protein 99% coverage. grpE. Class I. 9102/9103. 19.99/23.52. *2.5; 2.5. ↓5mMCa. ↑0.25 Bapta. ↑0.5mM Bapta. 45Ca. ...
Arielle Lyon Langer, M.D. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
IMSEAR at SEARO: Search
"sequence id","alias","species","description",...
... "protein_coding" "AAC74302","chaC","Escherichia coli","cation transport regulator [Ensembl]. ChaC-like protein [Interproscan ... "mercuric transport protein [Ensembl].","protein_coding" "AGT26737","N559_5163","Klebsiella pneumoniae","hypothetical protein [ ... "sn-glycerol 3-phosphate transport protein [Ensembl]. Bacterial extracellular solute-binding protein [Interproscan].","protein_ ... "protein_coding" "AAL20685","STM1770","Salmonella enterica","cation transport regulator [Ensembl]. ChaB [Interproscan]."," ...
Cells | Free Full-Text | Associations between Pregnane X Receptor and Breast Cancer Growth and Progression
Because PXR is important for the uptake and efflux of steroid hormones and metabolites due to the variety of transport proteins ... and organic cation transporter 1 (Oct1) [20,21,22]. Multi-drug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and MRP3, both of which ... Pondugula, S.R.; Dong, H.; Chen, T. Phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions in PXR-mediated CYP3A repression. Expert ... expression of hepatic uptake drug and bile acid transporter proteins including organic anion transporting polypeptide protein 2 ...
ATP7B - hpluswiki
Cation Transport Proteins. *Circadian Rhythm. *Copper. *Copper-Transporting ATPases. *Cyclic AMP. *Photoreceptor Cells, ... Copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 7.2.2.8) (Copper pump 2) (Wilson disease-associated protein) [Contains: WND/140 kDa] [PWD] [ ... ATP7A, ATP7B and CTR1 are metal transporting proteins that control the cellular disposition of copper and platinum drugs, but ... PINA is able to restore copper transport activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in the homologous copper-transporting ...
Citations Library | PerkinElmer
Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Bioware; Cation Transport Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans ... Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Bioware; Blotting, Northern; Disease Models, Animal; Gene ... Multifunctional Role of Choline Binding Protein G in Pneumococcal Pathogenesis. Year: 2006. Publication: Infection and Immunity ... Proteomics-based identification of anchorless cell wall proteins as vaccine candidates against Staphylococcus aureus. Year: ...
NWMN RS04995 - AureoWiki
Metabolism Transport and binding proteins Cations and iron carrying compounds potassium uptake protein, Trk family (TIGR00934; ... Metabolism Transport and binding proteins Cations and iron carrying compounds potassium uptake protein, TrkH family (TIGR00933 ... Protein[edit , edit source]. ⊟General[edit , edit source]. *locus tag: NWMN_RS04995 [old locus tag: NWMN_0893 ] ... Protein synthesis (provided by Aureolib)[edit , edit source]. *Aureolib: no data available ...
ATP8B3 ATPase phospholipid transporting 8B3 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of ... Cation_ATPase; Cation transport ATPase (P-type). pfam16209. Location:55 → 131. PhoLip_ATPase_N; Phospholipid-translocating ... Cation_ATPase; Cation transport ATPase (P-type). pfam16209. Location:108 → 184. PhoLip_ATPase_N; Phospholipid-translocating ... General protein information Go to the top of the page Help Preferred Names. phospholipid-transporting ATPase IK. Names. ATPase ...
MH DELETED MN ADDED MN
Organic Anion Transport Protein 1 D12.776.157.530.937.610 D12.776.543.585.937.719 Organic Cation Transporter 1 D12.776.157.530. ... Protein Transport G3.495.166.700 G3.143.700 Protein Unfolding G1.154.100.640.750 G1.154.651.750 G1.595.100.640.750 G2.111. ... ELAV Proteins D12.776.641.520 D12.776.631.520 ELAV-Like Protein 2 D12.776.641.520.500 D12.776.631.520.500 ELAV-Like Protein 3 ... PrP 27-30 Protein D12.776.785.700.700 D12.776.785.340.750.700 PrPC Proteins D12.776.785.680 D12.776.785.340.500 PrPSc Proteins ...
Pesquisa | Prevenção e Controle de Câncer
Cation transport regulator-like protein 1 (CHAC1) was the most highly TMZ-upregulated gene. Overexpression and knockdown of ... Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) was revealed to be upregulated in EOC ascites in our previous proteomic study. Here, we ... Vitamin D-Binding Protein Enhances Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Progression by Regulating the Insulin-like Growth Factor-1/Akt ... TMZ also induced CHAC1 to bind to the Notch3 protein and inhibit Notch3 activation, resulting in attenuation of Notch3-mediated ...
Frontiers | Transcriptomics Analysis of Porcine Caudal Dorsal Root Ganglia in Tail Amputated Pigs Shows Long-Term Effects on...
ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 1 (ATP1A1). The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation ... The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into over 60 families (40). ... protein transcription activity and regulation, G-protein alpha subunit binding, and neuropeptide hormone activity. Enriched ... transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+ ATPases (38). Na+/K+ -ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for ...
YJR139C 267.488705 INESSENTIAL HOM6 "Homoserine dehydrogenase (L-homoserine:NADP oxidoreductase),5-amino-6-(5...
... cation transport, molecular_function unknown, plasma membrane" YDR218C 8.87833 INESSENTIAL SPR28 "septin-related protein ... "Ammonia transport protein, transport," YLR348C 0.605291 INESSENTIAL DIC1 "mitochondrial dicarboxylate transport protein, ... "polyamine transport protein, transport," YDR019C 4.663699 INESSENTIAL GCV1 "glycine cleavage T protein (T subunit of glycine ... "metal resistance protein, similar to multidrug resistance proteins and cystic fibrosis protein CFTR, bilirubin transport*, ...
Zalatine : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage / Pillintrip
Renal handling also involves tubular reabsorption, probably mediated by cation transport proteins. The renal elimination rate ... Renal handling also involves tubular reabsorption, probably mediated by cation transport proteins. The renal elimination rate ... Renal handling also involves tubular reabsorption, probably mediated by cation transport proteins. The renal elimination rate ... The mean volume of distribution of memantine is 9-11 L/kg and the plasma protein binding is low (45%). ...
SLC22A4 (NM 003059) Human Tagged ORF Clone - RC206575L2 | OriGene
... organic cation/ergothioneine transporter), member 4 (SLC22A4), mGFP tagged ... The encoded protein is an organic cation transporter and plasma integral membrane protein containing eleven putative ... Transport by this protein is at least partially ATP-dependent. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]. ... Polyspecific organic cation transporters in the liver, kidney, intestine, and other organs are critical for elimination of many ...
E - Biovědy | ResearchJobs.cz
PhD project1: Structure and function of proteins transporting alkali metal cations. The aim of this study is, with the use of ... Protein Structures. Proteinové struktury. PhD Project1: Study of allosteric communication in chimeric two-domain proteins upon ... transport a metabolismus serotoninu a tryptofanu v placentě, transport antidepresiv přes placentu z matky do plodu, vliv ... Role of CPEB protein in the female fertility. Why KO females for CPEB gene are sub-fertile?. Další info: v přiloženém PDF ...
TCDB » Superfamilies
Protein Kinase (PK) Superfamily. Protein kinase domains are sometimes found in transport proteins. These include TC#s 1.A.87.2. ... 8.A.82 - The Calmodulin Calcium Binding Protein (Calmodulin) Family. Cation Diffusion Facilitator (CDF) Superfamily. Paulsen, I ... The GTP-Binding Protein/GTPase Superfamily includes proteins from many multi-component transport systems, many of them involved ... These proteins usually have 4 - 6 TMSs and function in intracellular protein trafficking in eukaryotes and as protein chaparone ...
Genome-wide alternative splicing ... preview & related info | Mendeley
ATPaseDivalent cationTransportersOrganicMembrane cationPositively charged moleculesIntracellularCalciumPolyvalent cationsTransmembraneCellularRegulator-like proteinAtomsBacterialMoleculesAmino acidsCell membraneAnionClassifiReceptorsChannelsSubstancesPermeabilityCharacterization of transportBindsBioinformaticSubfamilyElectroneutralSodiumZincBindInsulinAntigensPathwayAntigenAntibodyMitochondrialKinaseMembranesMiceSolutesTransporter proteinSubunitNuclearSuperfamily
ATPase4
- protein_coding" "AAC73969","clpA","Escherichia coli","ATPase and specificity subunit of ClpA-ClpP ATP-dependent serine protease, chaperone activity [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- CDC50 proteins are critical components of the human class-1 P4-ATPase transport machinery. (nih.gov)
- These ATPase are found as coomponents of several protein secretion systems as well as synaptosomal fusion systems. (tcdb.org)
- The protein-protein interaction network analysis enriched two local network clusters namely cation transporting ATPase C-terminus and Sodium/potassium ATPase beta chain cluster, and mixed inclusion of Ion homeostasis and EF-hand domain cluster. (mendeley.com)
Divalent cation3
- Previous work suggested that CNIs reduce the abundance of key divalent cation transport proteins, expressed along the distal convoluted tubule, causing renal magnesium and calcium wasting. (elsevier.com)
- The ION Biosciences' Brilliant Calcium Assay is useful for a wide range of effectors of intracellular Ca²+ including many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), divalent cation channels, and other proteins capable of transporting Ca²+ or affecting intracellular Ca²+ dynamics. (icocinfo.org)
- The essential functions of this divalent cation continue to be elucidated, particularly in head injury/stroke and cardiopulmonary disorders. (medscape.com)
Transporters10
- For instance, DTG decreases the renal clearance of metformin by inhibiting organic cation transporters in renal tubular cells. (medscape.com)
- Polyspecific organic cation transporters in the liver, kidney, intestine, and other organs are critical for elimination of many endogenous small organic cations as well as a wide array of drugs and environmental toxins. (origene.com)
- In the past 10 years, Solid Supported Membrane (SSM)-based electrophysiology has been proven as an efficient tool for the characterization of electrogenic membrane proteins, e.g. transporters, ion pumps and ion channels. (nanion.de)
- We analyzed different transport modes of the Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger NCX and assayed binding and transport reactions of different sugar transporters individually. (nanion.de)
- 7] Cation-Cl cotransporters are transmembrane proteins that include thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl co-transporter, loop diuretic-sensitive Na-K-2Cl co-transporters, and K-Cl co-transporters. (medscape.com)
- Renal tumours in a Tsc1+/- mouse model show epigenetic suppression of organic cation transporters Slc22a1, Slc22a2 and Slc22a3, and do not respond to metformin. (ox.ac.uk)
- Metformin, a substrate of several poly-specific organic cation transporters, is a widely used biguanide for the treatment of type II diabetes. (ox.ac.uk)
- Surprisingly, the expression of the organic cation transporters Slc22a1, Slc22a2 and Slc22a3 essential for the cellular uptake of metformin was highly suppressed in renal tumours. (ox.ac.uk)
- These data suggest that the epigenetic suppression of the organic cation transporters in Tsc-associated mouse renal tumours may contribute to the lack of response to metformin treatment. (ox.ac.uk)
- An optimal solution for measuring intracellular Ca²+ dynamics, including effectors such as GPCRs and protein transporters. (icocinfo.org)
Organic6
- Assessment of indicator genes revealed that the acidic organic-rich soils possessed a greater abundance of cation efflux pumps, C and N direct fixation systems, and fermentation pathways, indicating adaptations to both acidity and anaerobiosis. (elsevier.com)
- The encoded protein is an organic cation transporter and plasma integral membrane protein containing eleven putative transmembrane domains as well as a nucleotide-binding site motif. (origene.com)
- The organic cation transporter OCT2 transports multiple substrates with different EC 50 and Vmax. (nanion.de)
- We hypothesized that reduced transport of metformin via the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) and organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) could increase the risk of severe gastrointestinal adverse effects. (dundee.ac.uk)
- Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1), which is encoded by solute carrier 47A1 ( SLC47A1 ), mediates the excretion of organic cations into bile and urine. (aspetjournals.org)
- Probably transports organic cations (By similarity). (cansar.ai)
Membrane cation3
- Mechanisms proposed for lead's effect on the cardiovascular system include alterations in adrenergic receptor density, membrane cation transport, calcium binding proteins, and enzymes ranging from phosphodiesterase to protein kinase C. Despite reported adverse effects, the cardiovascular toxicity of lead remains controversial due a significant number of negative studies. (cdc.gov)
- Abnormalities of red cell membrane cation permeability are seen in several hereditary disorders. (medscape.com)
- Any disturbances in membrane cation permeability alter cellular hydration and can cause numerous effects, including hemolysis. (medscape.com)
Positively charged molecules3
- Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of positively charged molecules (cations) across a biological membrane. (bvsalud.org)
- Most antagonistic reactions were between micronutrients such as Zn, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). These are all cations, or positively charged molecules or atoms. (vlsci.com)
- TRPM7 proteins help transport and regulate the stream of positively charged molecules in and out of the carotid bodies' cells. (news-medical.net)
Intracellular3
- 8] "These membrane proteins are involved in several physiological activities including transepithelial ion absorption and secretion, cell volume regulation, and setting intracellular Cl concentration below or above its electrochemical potential equilibrium. (medscape.com)
- By transporting Na + and K + ions across the cell membrane, red cells can adjust the intracellular concentration of these cations and regulate intracellular hydration. (medscape.com)
- In contrast, the primary abnormality in DHSt is a change in the relative membrane permeability to K + . Efflux of K + is increased 2- to 4-fold and results in cation depletion, with decreased intracellular osmolality and water loss. (medscape.com)
Calcium5
- Here, we confirmed that tacrolimus-treated control mice developed hypomagnesemia and urinary calcium wasting, with decreased protein and mRNA abundance of key magnesium and calcium transport proteins (NCX-1 and Calbindin-D 28k ). (elsevier.com)
- These results indicate that tacrolimus affects calcium and magnesium transport along the distal convoluted tubule and strongly suggests that inhibition of the phosphatase, calcineurin, is directly involved. (elsevier.com)
- These mechanisms include the ability of lead to inhibit or mimic the action of calcium and to interact with proteins. (cdc.gov)
- Fifty percent of plasma calcium is ionized, 40% is bound to proteins (90% of which binds to albumin), and 10% circulates bound to anions (eg, phosphate, carbonate, citrate, lactate, sulfate). (medscape.com)
- At the cellular level, calcium is an important regulator of ion transport and membrane integrity. (medscape.com)
Polyvalent cations2
- Baloxavir may bind to polyvalent cations resulting in decreased absorption. (medscape.com)
- Deferiprone may bind polyvalent cations (eg, iron, aluminum, and zinc), separate administration by at least 4 hr between deferiprone and other medications (eg, antacids), or supplements containing these polyvalent cations. (medscape.com)
Transmembrane1
- Aquaporins are transmembrane water permeable proteins involved in transcellular water flow. (adejournal.com)
Cellular6
- ATP7A , ATP7B and CTR1 are metal transporting proteins that control the cellular disposition of copper and platinum drugs, but their expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissue and their role in platinum-induced neurotoxicity are unknown. (transhumanist.ru)
- Chloride is mainly transported via electroneutral cation-Cl cotransporters, which allow Cl to always follow cations mainly Na and K across cellular membranes. (medscape.com)
- Early cellular responses to diverse growth stimuli independent of protein and RNA synthesis. (wikidata.org)
- Cation-proton antiporters are membrane-embedded transport proteins involved in a wide range of essential cellular processes, from controlling pH and salt concentration to osmoregulation of the cell volume. (cef-mc.de)
- Transport of positively charged hydrogen and sodium ions, called cations, create gradients that provide energy for diverse cellular processes, such as cell motility, import of nutrients, and extrusion of chemicals that are toxic to the cell. (pharmamicroresources.com)
- Because phosphorus is an essential element for DNA, RNA, several ubiquitous cofactors, and phosphorylated proteins, Pi-limitation has major affects on cellular metabolism and physiology. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulator-like protein1
- Cation transport regulator-like protein 1 (CHAC1) was the most highly TMZ-upregulated gene. (bvsalud.org)
Atoms3
- This protein acts as a channel, transporting positively charged atoms (cations) into cells. (medlineplus.gov)
- Cations and anions (negatively charged molecules or atoms) bind to different transport proteins. (vlsci.com)
- Transport proteins make up the active interface between the cell and the environment, and among the most important of these proteins are those which transport ions -- atoms or molecules with a net positive or negative electrical charge -- into and out of the cell, Barquera said. (pharmamicroresources.com)
Bacterial3
- Bacterial extracellular solute-binding proteins [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- In the current project, "Control of Na+ and H+ transport in bacterial adaptation," researchers will seek to understand how transport proteins that move hydrogen and sodium cations through the cell membrane allow Pseudomonas to adjust its metabolism to different environmental conditions. (pharmamicroresources.com)
- The hybrid protein synthesized in the bacterial cell was penicillinase + pro-insulin from which insulin could be separated by trypsin. (biologydiscussion.com)
Molecules1
- Protein-bound molecules, including drugs, are eliminated by proximal tubular secretion via a well-coordinated process of uptake by the tubular cells at the blood-facing basolateral site and secretion into the tubular lumen. (springer.com)
Amino acids2
- Most TRPM1 gene mutations change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the TRPM1 channel and either alter the structure of the channel or prevent the channel from reaching the bipolar cell membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
- The APC superfamily consists of numerous families of porters that transport amino acids and their dereivatives. (tcdb.org)
Cell membrane1
- Red cells are characterized by cation leak of the red cell membrane, reflected in elevated sodium content, decreased potassium content, elevated MCHC and MCV, and decreased osmotic fragility. (unina.it)
Anion3
- Metronidazole, being electron-affinic, can accept an electron from neutral free radical centres to generate a reactive cation that binds to an anion such as hydroxyl (OH-), causing a permanent lesion. (who.int)
- [ 7 ] At low temperatures, the defective anion channel appears to allow a significant cation leak, and autohemolysis may be seen in vitro at 4ºC. (medscape.com)
- These include Ca-Mg-HCO3, Mg-Ca-Cl, Na-Cl, and mixed waters in which neither a particular cation nor anion dominates. (researchgate.net)
Classifi1
- Classifi cation of the deleted ulcers ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)
Receptors1
- Megalin and cubilin receptors at the apical membrane are responsible for endocytosis-mediated reuptake of filtered low-molecular-weight proteins, such as β2-microglobulin (Eshbach and Weisz 2017 ). (springer.com)
Channels2
- OTRPC4 forms Ca2+-permeable, nonselective cation channels that exhibit spontaneous activity in isotonic media and are rapidly activated by decreases in, and are inhibited by increases in, extracellular osmolarity. (nih.gov)
- Using silencing RNA, the researchers knocked out the gene responsible for the production of the TRPM7 channel protein, reducing the number of TRPM7 channels in the carotid bodies of obese mice. (news-medical.net)
Substances2
- During glomerular filtration (Fig. 2 ), blood plasma is filtered in the glomerulus, a bundle of porous capillaries lined by a membrane and specialized epithelial cells, that allows solutes and waste, including drugs and their metabolites, and water to pass through while ensuring larger substances, such as blood cells and proteins, remain in the circulatory system (Holechek 2003 ). (springer.com)
- At one, five, 10 and 30 minutes, three paper points were removed from the contact substances, transported individually, immersed in 7 mL Letheen broth and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. (bvsalud.org)
Permeability1
- Genetic defects of erythrocyte transport proteins cause disorders of red blood cell volume that are characterized by abnormal permeability to the cation and, consequently, by changes in red cell hydration. (unina.it)
Characterization of transport1
- Phylogenetic characterization of transport protein superfamilies: superiority of SuperfamilyTree programs over those based on multiple alignments. (tcdb.org)
Binds1
- In the interaction with proteins, lead binds with virtually every available functional group, including sulfhydryl, amine, phosphate, and carboxyl groups, with sulfhydryl having the highest affinity. (cdc.gov)
Bioinformatic2
- Protein localization predicted from several bioinformatic algorithms. (proteinatlas.org)
- In this study, 107 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 protein sequences were obtained from available databases, and the nuclear localization signals (NLSs) of these HPV L1 proteins were analyzed and predicted by bioinformatic analysis. (big.ac.cn)
Subfamily2
- The TRPM1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1 (TRPM1). (medlineplus.gov)
- The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of aminophospholipid-transporting ATPases. (nih.gov)
Electroneutral1
- structural biologists from the Max Planck Institute of Biophysics in Frankfurt succeeded in solving the structure of similar antiporters from microorganisms and then teamed up with theoretical biophysicists who unravelled the transport mechanism of this type of electroneutral transporter. (cef-mc.de)
Sodium1
- ION's Brilliant Sodium Assay is compatible with fluorescence microscopes, flow cytometers, and plate readers capable of detecting fluorescein or more optimally, yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). (icocinfo.org)
Zinc2
- ZIP (ZRT/IRT-like Protein) and CDF (Cation Diffusion Facilitator) are two large metal transporter families mainly transporting zinc into and out of the cytosol. (big.ac.cn)
- contains a zinc finger,XV" YOL091W 1 15 16 YOL091W "involved in sporulation,XV" YOL103W-B 1 15 17 YOL103W-B "TyB Gag-Pol protein. (davidson.edu)
Bind1
- TMZ also induced CHAC1 to bind to the Notch3 protein and inhibit Notch3 activation, resulting in attenuation of Notch3-mediated downstream signaling pathways. (bvsalud.org)
Insulin1
- After the gene expression and the translation of mRNA into protein, the two polypeptides were cleaved from the enzyme and linked to form the complete insulin molecule. (biologydiscussion.com)
Antigens1
- The antigens are allowed to react with the serum and then precipitated using a special reagent such as PROTEIN A sepharose beads. (ucdenver.edu)
Pathway2
- Furthermore, the human disease-related salmonella infection pathway was significantly enriched in the protein-protein interaction network. (mendeley.com)
- Acts as a pro-apoptotic component of the unfolded protein response pathway by mediating the pro-apoptotic effects of the ATF4-ATF3-DDIT3/CHOP cascade (PubMed:19109178). (wuxibiortus.com)
Antigen1
- The causative gene of this condition is ABCB6, encoding an erythrocyte membrane ABC transporter protein bearing the Langereis blood group antigen system. (unina.it)
Antibody3
- This hybrid plant can be utilized for large scale production of seeds containing antibody proteins. (biologydiscussion.com)
- Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (1elisakits.com)
- Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (1elisakits.com)
Mitochondrial1
- In MITOCHONDRIA the complex also couples its reaction to the transport of PROTONS across the internal mitochondrial membrane. (childrensmercy.org)
Kinase1
- Recent studies suggest that metformin attenuates mTORC1 signalling by the activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the presence or absence of a functional hamartin/tuberin (TSC1/TSC2) complex. (ox.ac.uk)
Membranes2
- It's a label-free, high-sensitivity method which allows the use of membrane preparations, e.g. reconstituted protein samples and membranes from native tissues or cell culture. (nanion.de)
- The mosaic mutation (Atp7a(mo-ms)) linked to X-chromosome is caused by changes in the Atp7a gene encoding CPx-type protein responsible for the ATP-dependent copper transport across cell membranes. (nel.edu)
Mice2
- In a new study with obese mice, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers say they have added to evidence that specialized channel proteins are possible therapeutic targets for sleep apnea and similar abnormally slow breathing disorders in obese people. (news-medical.net)
- These high levels of the cation channel in turn may lead to the low respiration rates observed in obese mice with TRPM7. (news-medical.net)
Solutes2
- a Blood plasma solutes and proteins pass through the glomerular filter. (springer.com)
- In addition to being permeable to water, some Aquaporins can be permeable to small solutes, including cations, glycerol and gases. (adejournal.com)
Transporter protein1
- A dopamine plasma membrane transporter protein complex located on the membrane of dopaminergic neurons. (nih.gov)
Subunit1
- accepted May 29, 1998 Recently, we demonstrated that the 36 kDa catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2Ac) undergoes methylation at its. (silverchair.com)
Nuclear2
- Their nuclear matrix proteins (NMPs) were selectively extracted and subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis. (big.ac.cn)
- XIII" YMR047C 3 13 3 YMR047C "Nuclear pore complex protein that is member of GLFG repeat-containing family of nucleoporins and is,XIII" YMR049C 3 13 4 YMR049C "Ymr049cp,XIII" YMR051C 3 13 5 YMR051C "TyA Gag protein. (davidson.edu)