Cation transport proteins. Medical search

A family of proteins involved in the transport of organic cations. They play an important role in the elimination of a variety of endogenous substances, xenobiotics, and their metabolites from the body.

Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of positively charged molecules (cations) across a biological membrane.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

A broad category of membrane transport proteins that specifically transport FREE FATTY ACIDS across cellular membranes. They play an important role in LIPID METABOLISM in CELLS that utilize free fatty acids as an energy source.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.

The movement of ions across energy-transducing cell membranes. Transport can be active, passive or facilitated. Ions may travel by themselves (uniport), or as a group of two or more ions in the same (symport) or opposite (antiport) directions.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.

Positively charged atoms, radicals or group of atoms with a valence of plus 1, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A genus of SHARKS in the family SQUALIDAE, comprised of many different species. They travel in large groups and are bottom dwellers that feed mostly on bony fishes.

An organic cation transporter found in kidney. It is localized to the basal lateral membrane and is likely to be involved in the renal secretion of organic cations.

A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

An enzyme that catalyzes the active transport system of sodium and potassium ions across the cell wall. Sodium and potassium ions are closely coupled with membrane ATPase which undergoes phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, thereby providing energy for transport of these ions against concentration gradients.

An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Metals that constitute group 1(formerly group Ia) of the periodic table. They are the most strongly electropositive of the metals. Note that HYDROGEN is not considered an alkali metal even though it falls under the group 1 heading in the periodic table.

Stable potassium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element potassium, but differ in atomic weight. K-41 is a stable potassium isotope.

Hemolytic anemia due to various intrinsic defects of the erythrocyte.

A large group of membrane transport proteins that shuttle MONOSACCHARIDES across CELL MEMBRANES.

A class of sodium-independent nucleoside transporters that mediate the facilitative transport of NUCLEOSIDES.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the opposite direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A subclass of symporters that specifically transport SODIUM CHLORIDE and/or POTASSIUM CHLORIDE across cellular membranes in a tightly coupled process.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of negatively charged molecules (anions) across a biological membrane.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666)

Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

The semi-permeable outer structure of a red blood cell. It is known as a red cell 'ghost' after HEMOLYSIS.

The directed transport of ORGANELLES and molecules along nerve cell AXONS. Transport can be anterograde (from the cell body) or retrograde (toward the cell body). (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ed, pG3)

Unstable isotopes of rubidium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Rb atoms with atomic weights 79-84, and 86-95 are radioactive rubidium isotopes.

A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.

A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.

A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis reaction is usually coupled with another function such as transporting Ca(2+) across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on Ca(2+), Mg(2+), anions, H+, or DNA.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.

Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the same direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.

An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.

The renal tubule portion that extends from the BOWMAN CAPSULE in the KIDNEY CORTEX into the KIDNEY MEDULLA. The proximal tubule consists of a convoluted proximal segment in the cortex, and a distal straight segment descending into the medulla where it forms the U-shaped LOOP OF HENLE.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.

The outer zone of the KIDNEY, beneath the capsule, consisting of KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; KIDNEY TUBULES, DISTAL; and KIDNEY TUBULES, PROXIMAL.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

A plasma membrane exchange glycoprotein transporter that functions in intracellular pH regulation, cell volume regulation, and cellular response to many different hormones and mitogens.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

A broad category of proteins involved in the formation, transport and dissolution of TRANSPORT VESICLES. They play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules contained within membrane vesicles. Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

A major integral transmembrane protein of the ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE. It is the anion exchanger responsible for electroneutral transporting in CHLORIDE IONS in exchange of BICARBONATE IONS allowing CO2 uptake and transport from tissues to lungs by the red blood cells. Genetic mutations that result in a loss of the protein function have been associated with type 4 HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS.

A family of MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS that require ATP hydrolysis for the transport of substrates across membranes. The protein family derives its name from the ATP-binding domain found on the protein.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)

Proteins that bind to and are involved in the metabolism of phosphate ions.

The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

A family of monosaccharide transport proteins characterized by 12 membrane spanning helices. They facilitate passive diffusion of GLUCOSE across the CELL MEMBRANE.

Vesicles that are involved in shuttling cargo from the interior of the cell to the cell surface, from the cell surface to the interior, across the cell or around the cell to various locations.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Proteins involved in the transport of organic anions. They play an important role in the elimination of a variety of endogenous substances, xenobiotics and their metabolites from the body.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Cellular proteins and protein complexes that transport amino acids across biological membranes.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A sequence-related subfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS that actively transport organic substrates. Although considered organic anion transporters, a subset of proteins in this family have also been shown to convey drug resistance to neutral organic drugs. Their cellular function may have clinical significance for CHEMOTHERAPY in that they transport a variety of ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Overexpression of proteins in this class by NEOPLASMS is considered a possible mechanism in the development of multidrug resistance (DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE). Although similar in function to P-GLYCOPROTEINS, the proteins in this class share little sequence homology to the p-glycoprotein family of proteins.

A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Proteins involved in the transport of NUCLEOTIDES across cellular membranes.

Proteins involved in the transport of NUCLEOSIDES across cellular membranes.

An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.

Enzymes that catalyze the formation of acyl-CoA derivatives. EC 6.2.1.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Negatively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the anode or positive pole during electrolysis.

Periplasmic proteins that scavenge or sense diverse nutrients. In the bacterial environment they usually couple to transporters or chemotaxis receptors on the inner bacterial membrane.

A subgroup of TRP cation channels named after melastatin protein. They have the TRP domain but lack ANKYRIN repeats. Enzyme domains in the C-terminus leads to them being called chanzymes.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.

Minute projections of cell membranes which greatly increase the surface area of the cell.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A 170-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein from the superfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. It serves as an ATP-dependent efflux pump for a variety of chemicals, including many ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Overexpression of this glycoprotein is associated with multidrug resistance (see DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE).

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting basic amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BASIC).

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.

Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting neutral amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, NEUTRAL).

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.

Integral membrane proteins of the LIPID BILAYER of SECRETORY VESICLES that catalyze transport and storage of biogenic amine NEUROTRANSMITTERS such as ACETYLCHOLINE; SEROTONIN; MELATONIN; HISTAMINE; and CATECHOLAMINES. The transporters exchange vesicular protons for cytoplasmic neurotransmitters.

A family of organic anion transporters that specifically transport DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS such as alpha-ketoglutaric acid across cellular membranes.

A subgroup of TRP cation channels named after vanilloid receptor. They are very sensitive to TEMPERATURE and hot spicy food and CAPSAICIN. They have the TRP domain and ANKYRIN repeats. Selectivity for CALCIUM over SODIUM ranges from 3 to 100 fold.

A family of plasma membrane neurotransmitter transporter proteins that regulates extracellular levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. They differ from GABA RECEPTORS, which signal cellular responses to GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. They control GABA reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through high-affinity sodium-dependent transport.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

A class of porins that allow the passage of WATER and other small molecules across CELL MEMBRANES.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Gated transport mechanisms by which proteins or RNA are moved across the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A subgroup of TRP cation channels that contain 3-4 ANKYRIN REPEAT DOMAINS and a conserved C-terminal domain. Members are highly expressed in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Selectivity for calcium over sodium ranges from 0.5 to 10.

A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Minute intercellular channels that occur between liver cells and carry bile towards interlobar bile ducts. Also called bile capillaries.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A tetrameric protein, molecular weight between 50,000 and 70,000, consisting of 4 equal chains, and migrating on electrophoresis in 3 fractions more mobile than serum albumin. Its concentration ranges from 7 to 33 per cent in the serum, but levels decrease in liver disease.

Cell surface receptors that bind to and transport FOLIC ACID, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and a variety of folic acid derivatives. The receptors are essential for normal NEURAL TUBE development and transport folic acid via receptor-mediated endocytosis.

A ubiquitously expressed glucose transporter that is important for constitutive, basal GLUCOSE transport. It is predominately expressed in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS and ERYTHROCYTES at the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and is responsible for GLUCOSE entry into the BRAIN.

Populations of thin, motile processes found covering the surface of ciliates (CILIOPHORA) or the free surface of the cells making up ciliated EPITHELIUM. Each cilium arises from a basic granule in the superficial layer of CYTOPLASM. The movement of cilia propels ciliates through the liquid in which they live. The movement of cilia on a ciliated epithelium serves to propel a surface layer of mucus or fluid. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Derivatives of ammonium compounds, NH4+ Y-, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with hydrocarbyl groups. These are distinguished from IMINES which are RN=CR2.

The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT.

A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Aquaporin 1 forms a water-specific channel that is constitutively expressed at the PLASMA MEMBRANE of ERYTHROCYTES and KIDNEY TUBULES, PROXIMAL. It provides these cells with a high permeability to WATER. In humans polymorphisms of this protein result in the Colton blood group antigen.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

A subclass of ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS that do not rely directly or indirectly upon sodium ion gradients for the transport of organic ions.

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

Protein-lipid combinations abundant in brain tissue, but also present in a wide variety of animal and plant tissues. In contrast to lipoproteins, they are insoluble in water, but soluble in a chloroform-methanol mixture. The protein moiety has a high content of hydrophobic amino acids. The associated lipids consist of a mixture of GLYCEROPHOSPHATES; CEREBROSIDES; and SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS; while lipoproteins contain PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; and TRIGLYCERIDES.

Na-K-Cl transporter in the ASCENDING LIMB OF LOOP OF HENLE. It mediates active reabsorption of sodium chloride and is inhibited by LOOP DIURETICS such as FUROSEMIDE; and BUMETANIDE. Mutations in the gene encoding SLC12A1 are associated with a BARTTER SYNDROME.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.

A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

A family of proteins involved in the transport of monocarboxylic acids such as LACTIC ACID and PYRUVIC ACID across cellular membranes.

The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.

Simultaneous resistance to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs.

A group of membrane transport proteins that transport biogenic amine derivatives of catechol across the PLASMA MEMBRANE. Catecholamine plasma membrane transporter proteins regulate neural transmission as well as catecholamine metabolism and recycling.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells, such as ENTEROCYTES. These cells are valuable in vitro tools for studies related to intestinal cell function and differentiation.

A villous structure of tangled masses of BLOOD VESSELS contained within the third, lateral, and fourth ventricles of the BRAIN. It regulates part of the production and composition of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.

A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.

A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504)

Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.

Cell membrane glycoproteins that form channels to selectively pass chloride ions. Nonselective blockers include FENAMATES; ETHACRYNIC ACID; and TAMOXIFEN.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

Acetic acid derivatives of the heterocyclic compound indole. (Merck Index, 11th ed)

Transport of the OVUM or fertilized ovum (ZYGOTE) from the mammalian oviduct (FALLOPIAN TUBES) to the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION in the UTERUS.

Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.

A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.

The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.

Agents that affect ION PUMPS; ION CHANNELS; ABC TRANSPORTERS; and other MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS.

Any spaces or cavities within a cell. They may function in digestion, storage, secretion, or excretion.

A family of POTASSIUM and SODIUM-dependent acidic amino acid transporters that demonstrate a high affinity for GLUTAMIC ACID and ASPARTIC ACID. Several variants of this system are found in neuronal tissue.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.

A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.

An organic anion transporter found in human liver. It is capable of transporting a variety organic anions and mediates sodium-independent uptake of bile in the liver.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

A subfamily of transmembrane proteins from the superfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS that are closely related in sequence to P-GLYCOPROTEIN. When overexpressed, they function as ATP-dependent efflux pumps able to extrude lipophilic drugs, especially ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, from cells causing multidrug resistance (DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE). Although P-Glycoproteins share functional similarities to MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS they are two distinct subclasses of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS, and have little sequence homology.

The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Role of iron in Nramp1-mediated inhibition of mycobacterial growth. (1/3516)

Innate resistance to mycobacterial growth is mediated by a gene, Nramp1. We have previously reported that Nramp1 mRNA from macrophages of Mycobacterium bovis BCG-resistant (Bcgr) mice is more stable than Nramp1 mRNA from macrophages of BCG-susceptible (Bcgs) mice. Based on these observations and on reports that show that the closely related Nramp2 gene is a metal ion transporter, we evaluated the effect of iron on the growth of Mycobacterium avium within macrophages as well as on the stability of Nramp1 mRNA. The addition of iron to macrophages from Bcgs mice resulted in a stimulation of mycobacterial growth. In contrast, iron increased the capacity of macrophages from Bcgr mice to control the growth of M. avium. When we treated recombinant gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-activated macrophages with iron, we found that iron abrogated the growth inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma-activated macrophages from Bcgs mice but that it did not affect the capacity of macrophages from Bcgr mice to control microbial growth. A more detailed examination of the effect of iron on microbial growth showed that the addition of small quantities of iron to resident macrophages from Bcgr mice stimulated antimicrobial activity within a very narrow dose range. The effect of iron on the growth inhibitory activity of macrophages from Bcgr mice was abrogated by the addition of catalase or mannitol to the culture medium. These results are consistent with an Fe(II)-mediated stimulation of the Fenton/Haber-Weiss reaction and hydroxyl radical-mediated inhibition of mycobacterial growth. (+info)

Characterisation of copper-binding to the second sub-domain of the Menkes protein ATPase (MNKr2). (2/3516)

The Menkes ATPase (MNK) has an essential role in the translocation of copper across cellular membranes. In a complementary manner, the intracellular concentration of copper regulates the activity and cellular location of the ATPase through its six homologous amino-terminal domains. The roles of the six amino-terminal domains in the activation and cellular trafficking processes are unknown. Understanding the role of these domains relies on the development of an understanding of their metal-binding properties and structural properties. The second conserved sub-domain of MNK was over-expressed, purified and its copper-binding properties characterised. Reconstitution studies demonstrate that copper binds to MNKr2 as Cu(I) with a stoichiometry of one copper per domain. This is the first direct evidence of copper-binding to the MNK amino-terminal repeats. Circular dichroism studies suggest that the binding or loss of copper to MNKr2 does not cause substantial changes to the secondary structure of the protein. (+info)

The iron transport protein NRAMP2 is an integral membrane glycoprotein that colocalizes with transferrin in recycling endosomes. (3/3516)

The natural resistance associated macrophage protein (Nramp) gene family is composed of two members in mammals, Nramp1 and Nramp2. Nramp1 is expressed primarily in macrophages and mutations at this locus cause susceptibility to infectious diseases. Nramp2 has a much broader range of tissue expression and mutations at Nramp2 result in iron deficiency, indicating a role for Nramp2 in iron metabolism. To get further insight into the function and mechanism of action of Nramp proteins, we have generated isoform specific anti-Nramp1 and anti-Nramp2 antisera. Immunoblotting experiments indicate that Nramp2 is present in a number of cell types, including hemopoietic precursors, and is coexpressed with Nramp1 in primary macrophages and macrophage cell lines. Nramp2 is expressed as a 90-100-kD integral membrane protein extensively modified by glycosylation (>40% of molecular mass). Subcellular localization studies by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy indicate distinct and nonoverlapping localization for Nramp1 and Nramp2. Nramp1 is expressed in the lysosomal compartment, whereas Nramp2 is not detectable in the lysosomes but is expressed primarily in recycling endosomes and also, to a lower extent, at the plasma membrane, colocalizing with transferrin. These findings suggest that Nramp2 plays a key role in the metabolism of transferrin-bound iron by transporting free Fe2+ across the endosomal membrane and into the cytoplasm. (+info)

Genetic selection of mutations in the high affinity K+ transporter HKT1 that define functions of a loop site for reduced Na+ permeability and increased Na+ tolerance. (4/3516)

Potassium is an important macronutrient required for plant growth, whereas sodium (Na+) can be toxic at high concentrations. The wheat K+ uptake transporter HKT1 has been shown to function in yeast and oocytes as a high affinity K+-Na+ cotransporter, and as a low affinity Na+ transporter at high external Na+. A previous study showed that point mutations in HKT1, which confer enhancement of Na+ tolerance to yeast, can be isolated by genetic selection. Here we report on the isolation of mutations in new domains of HKT1 showing further large increases in Na+ tolerance. By selection in a Na+ ATPase deletion mutant of yeast that shows a high Na+ sensitivity, new HKT1 mutants at positions Gln-270 and Asn-365 were isolated. Several independent mutations were isolated at the Asn-365 site. N365S dramatically increased Na+ tolerance in yeast compared with all other HKT1 mutants. Cation uptake experiments in yeast and biophysical characterization in Xenopus oocytes showed that the mechanisms underlying the Na+ tolerance conferred by the N365S mutant were: reduced inhibition of high affinity Rb+ (K+) uptake at high Na+ concentrations, reduced low affinity Na+ uptake, and reduced Na+ to K+ content ratios in yeast. In addition, the N365S mutant could be clearly distinguished from less Na+-tolerant HKT1 mutants by a markedly decreased relative permeability for Na+ at high Na+ concentrations. The new mutations contribute to the identification of new functional domains and an amino acid in a loop domain that is involved in cation specificity of a plant high affinity K+ transporter and will be valuable for molecular analyses of Na+ transport mechanisms and stress in plants. (+info)

Overexpression of a novel Arabidopsis gene related to putative zinc-transporter genes from animals can lead to enhanced zinc resistance and accumulation. (5/3516)

We describe the isolation of an Arabidopsis gene that is closely related to the animal ZnT genes (Zn transporter). The protein encoded by the ZAT (Zn transporter of Arabidopsis thaliana) gene has 398 amino acid residues and is predicted to have six membrane-spanning domains. To obtain evidence for the postulated function of the Arabidopsis gene, transgenic plants with the ZAT coding sequence under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were analyzed. Plants obtained with ZAT in the sense orientation exhibited enhanced Zn resistance and strongly increased Zn content in the roots under high Zn exposure. Antisense mRNA-producing plants were viable, with a wild-type level of Zn resistance and content, like plants expressing a truncated coding sequence lacking the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the protein. The availability of ZAT can lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of Zn homeostasis and resistance in plants. (+info)

Ion channels: structure of a molecular brake. (6/3516)

A combination of crystallographic and mutagenesis studies on the HERG K+ channel, a key determinant of cardiac excitability, has suggested how the protein's extramembraneous amino-terminal domain might act as a 'molecular brake' that slows down channel deactivation. (+info)

Cloning and characterization of the transport modifier RS1 from rabbit which was previously assumed to be specific for Na+-D-glucose cotransport. (7/3516)

Previously we cloned membrane associated polypeptides from pig and man (pRS1, hRS1) which altered rate and glucose dependence of Na+-d-glucose cotransport expressed by SGLT1 from rabbit and man. This paper describes the cloning of a related cDNA sequence from rabbit intestine (rbRS1) which encodes a gene product with about 65% amino acid identity to pRS1 and hRS1. Hybridization of endonuclease-restricted genomic DNA with cDNA fragments of rbRS1 showed that there is only one gene with similarity to rbRS1 in rabbit, and genomic PCR amplifications revealed that the rbRS1 gene is intronless. Comparing the transcription of rbRS1 and rbSGLT1 in various tissues and cell types, different mRNA patterns were obtained for both genes. In Xenopus oocytes the Vmax of expressed Na+-d-glucose cotransport was increased or decreased when rbRS1 was coexpressed with rbSGLT1 or hSGLT1, respectively. After coexpression with hSGLT1 the glucose dependence of the expressed transport was changed. By coexpression of rbRS1 with the human organic cation transporter hOCT2 the expressed cation uptake was not altered; however, the expressed cation uptake was drastically decreased when hRS1 was coexpressed with hOCT2. The data show that RS1 can modulate the function of transporters with non-homologous primary structures. (+info)

Mechanism of increased iron absorption in murine model of hereditary hemochromatosis: increased duodenal expression of the iron transporter DMT1. (8/3516)

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common autosomal recessive disorder characterized by tissue iron deposition secondary to excessive dietary iron absorption. We recently reported that HFE, the protein defective in HH, was physically associated with the transferrin receptor (TfR) in duodenal crypt cells and proposed that mutations in HFE attenuate the uptake of transferrin-bound iron from plasma by duodenal crypt cells, leading to up-regulation of transporters for dietary iron. Here, we tested the hypothesis that HFE-/- mice have increased duodenal expression of the divalent metal transporter (DMT1). By 4 weeks of age, the HFE-/- mice demonstrated iron loading when compared with HFE+/+ littermates, with elevated transferrin saturations (68.4% vs. 49.8%) and elevated liver iron concentrations (985 micrograms vs. 381 micrograms). By using Northern blot analyses, we quantitated duodenal expression of both classes of DMT1 transcripts: one containing an iron responsive element (IRE), called DMT1(IRE), and one containing no IRE, called DMT1(non-IRE). The positive control for DMT1 up-regulation was a murine model of dietary iron deficiency that demonstrated greatly increased levels of duodenal DMT1(IRE) mRNA. HFE-/- mice also demonstrated an increase in duodenal DMT1(IRE) mRNA (average 7.7-fold), despite their elevated transferrin saturation and hepatic iron content. Duodenal expression of DMT1(non-IRE) was not increased, nor was hepatic expression of DMT1 increased. These data support the model for HH in which HFE mutations lead to inappropriately low crypt cell iron, with resultant stabilization of DMT1(IRE) mRNA, up-regulation of DMT1, and increased absorption of dietary iron. (+info)

An organic cation transport protein mediates the transport of organic cations across the cell membrane. These proteins are ... This family of proteins can also transport zwitterions and anions, though it is a different subfamily of solute carrier ... proteins than the organic anion transporters. (Solute carrier family, Transmembrane transporters, Transport proteins). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_cation_transport_protein

One transport protein or many?". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 239: 108283. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108283. PMID 36162727 ... Cocaine crosses the blood-brain barrier via a proton-coupled organic cation antiporter and (to a lesser extent) via passive ... Cocaine crosses the blood-brain barrier via both a proton-coupled organic cation antiporter and (to a lesser extent) via ... It also functions on the binding sites to the dopamine and serotonin sodium dependent transport area as targets as separate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine

K. muelleri" makes include a couple of transport proteins; the microbe creates organic cation transport proteins, antibiotic- ... Of the 227 different polypeptides, 99 of them are enzymes and another 9 are transport proteins. The GC-content is 22.4%. A ... The tree was constructed by comparing the peptide sequences of ten different types of proteins. The proteins used were the DNA ... 21.3% of its protein-coding genes are dedicated to creating amino acids, while another 33% is dedicated to translation-related ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karelsulcia_muelleri

... transporting one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Organic cations transported by this protein include ... SLC22A5 is a membrane transport protein associated with primary carnitine deficiency. This protein is involved in the active ... an organic cation/carnitine transporter, with differential effects on the organic cation transport function and the carnitine ... The SLC22A5 gene codes for a plasma integral membrane protein which functions as both an organic cation transporter and a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC22A5

Organic cation transport proteins Organic anion-transporting polypeptide Solute carrier family Osmoregulation Organic anion ... Transmembrane proteins, Transmembrane transporters, Transport proteins, Integral membrane proteins). ... The generalized transport reaction catalyzed by OSTα/OSTβ is: organic anion (out) ⇌ organic anion (in) Each transport system ... The two proteins are highly expressed in many human tissues. The β-subunit is not required to target the α-subunit to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OST_Family

... or a transport protein. It also serves as an important regulator in a variety of surface proteins, both on the cell surface and ... Putrescine serves an important role in a multitude of ways, which include: a cation substitute, an osmolyte, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putrescine

Some examples of proteins that mediate this process are glucose transporters, organic cation transport proteins, urea ... The carrier protein at the membrane binds to the glucose and alters its shape such that it can easily to be transported. ... the transport relies on molecular binding between the cargo and the membrane-embedded channel or carrier protein. the rate of ... Their transport must therefore be "facilitated" by proteins that span the membrane and provide an alternative route or bypass ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facilitated_diffusion

Solute carrier family Organic cation transport proteins GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000175003 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38 ... This gene is one of three similar cation transporter genes located in a cluster on chromosome 6. The encoded protein contains ... Solute carrier family 22 member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene SLC22A1. Polyspecific organic cation ... "Properties and regulation of organic cation transport in freshly isolated human proximal tubules". The Journal of Biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC22A1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases. This gene encodes a catalytic ... Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATP12A gene. ... "ATP12A - Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 2 - Homo sapiens (Human) - ATP12A gene & protein". www.uniprot.org. ... 2002). "Stimulation of protein kinase C pathway mediates endocytosis of human nongastric H+-K+-ATPase, ATP1AL1". Am. J. Physiol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP12A

... the ANDI/netCDF scientific data interchange file format Cation diffusion facilitator, transport protein Channel Definition ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDF

... or OCT may refer to: Optical coherence tomography, an imaging method Organic cation transport protein, a type of protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oct

... sodium-independent organic cation transport proteins (OCTs) and/or carnitine/organic cation transporters (OCTNs), and do not ... Choline kinase (CK) is a cytosolic protein that catalyzes the following reaction:: 418 choline + ATP ⇌ phosphocholine + ADP In ... Michel V, Yuan Z, Ramsubir S, Bakovic M (May 2006). "Choline transport for phospholipid synthesis". Experimental Biology and ... which include the choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1). The fate of internalized choline depends on the cell type. In pre- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDP-choline_pathway

... altering cellular functions and ultimately influencing cation transport through the plasma membrane and stimulating the proton ... Metabolic: protein catabolism which causes negative nitrogen balance. Musculoskeletal: muscle weakness, loss of muscle mass, ... The metabolic effects of taking methylprednisolone involve the continuous breakdown of proteins for gluconeogenesis increase ... This association changes physiochemical properties of the membrane; activating membrane proteins, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylprednisolone

... a molecule that transports a single potassium cation. Carrier ionophores may be proteins or other molecules. Channel formers ... Gräfe, U.; Reinhardt, G.; Miosga, N. (1989). "Monovalent cation specificity of passive transport mediated by laidlomycin and 26 ... Ionophores facilitate the transport of ions across biological membranes most commonly via passive transport, which is affected ... Many ionophores are lipid-soluble entities that transport ions across the cell membrane. Ionophores catalyze ion transport ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionophore

... of transport proteins includes members that function as solute:cation symporters and solute:solute antiporters. They occur in ... Protein families, Membrane proteins, Transmembrane proteins, Transmembrane transporters, Transport proteins, Integral membrane ... The larger eukaryotic and archaeal proteins possess N- and C-terminal hydrophilic extensions. Some animal proteins, for example ... APC Superfamily Transporter Classification Database Membrane transport protein Saier MH (August 2000). "Families of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APC_Family

"The LysE Superfamily of Transport Proteins Involved in Cell Physiology and Pathogenesis". PLOS ONE. 10 (10): e0137184. Bibcode: ... Note that this family differs from the calcium:cation antiporter (CaCA) family which belongs to the cation diffusion ... Portal: Biology v t e (Protein families, Solute carrier family, All stub articles, Membrane protein stubs). ... CaCA2 family proteins are found in bacteria, archaea, yeast, plants and animals. This family, previously called the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium:cation_antiporter-2

TrkH from Escherichia coli is a transmembrane protein and determines the specificity and kinetics of cation transport by the ... This protein family consists of various potassium transport proteins (Trk) and V-type sodium ATP synthase subunit J or ... This protein interacts with TrkA and requires TrkE for transport activity. Schlosser A, Meldorf M, Stumpe S, Bakker EP, Epstein ... determine the specificity and kinetics of cation transport by the Trk system of Escherichia coli". J. Bacteriol. 177 (7): 1908- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_potassium_transporter

... escort protein, acid transport protein, cation transport protein, or anion transport protein) is a protein that serves the ... A membrane transport protein (or simply transporter) is a membrane protein that acts as such a carrier. A vesicular transport ... Membrane+transport+proteins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Vesicular+Transport+Proteins ... There are several different kinds of transport proteins. Carrier proteins are proteins involved in the movement of ions, small ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_protein

Protein families, Membrane proteins, Transmembrane proteins, Transmembrane transporters, Transport proteins, Integral membrane ... The Monovalent Cation:Proton Antiporter-1 (CPA1) Family (TC# 2.A.36) is a large family of proteins derived from Gram-positive ... M4 and M9 therefore contain critical sites for both drug and cation recognition. The generalized transport reaction catalyzed ... The bacterial proteins have 520-550 amino acyl residues (aas) while eukaryotic proteins are generally larger, varying in size ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monovalent_cation:proton_antiporter-1

The generalized transport reaction for Na+ channels is: Na+ (out) → Na+ (in) That for the degenerins is: Cation (out) → cation ... CFTR is a transmembrane channel responsible for chloride transport and defects in this protein cause cystic fibrosis, partly ... "ATP-gated P2X Receptor Cation Channel (P2X Receptor) Family". Functional and Phylogenetic Classification of Membrane Transport ... Toczyłowska-Mamińska R, Dołowy K (February 2012). "Ion transporting proteins of human bronchial epithelium". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial_sodium_channel

Protein families, Protein domains, Membrane proteins, Transmembrane proteins, Transmembrane transporters, Transport proteins, ... The Nucleobase:Cation Symporter-1 (NCS1) Family (TC# 2.A.39) consists of over 1000 currently sequenced proteins derived from ... providing the structural basis of the alternating access model for membrane transport. NCS1 proteins are H+/Na+ symporters ... The latter three proteins are likely to be closely related thiamin permease isoforms. The yeast cytosine-purine and vitamin B6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleobase_cation_symporter-1

The encoded protein is a transmembrane protein involved in the transport of small molecules. This protein can function to ... This gene encodes a member of the organic-cation transporter family. It is located in a gene cluster with another member of the ... Solute carrier family 22 member 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A13 gene. ... "The effects of genetic polymorphisms in the organic cation transporters OCT1, OCT2, and OCT3 on the renal clearance of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC22A13

The protein encoded by ATP10A belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of ... "ATP10A - Phospholipid-transporting ATPase VA - Homo sapiens (Human) - ATP10A gene & protein". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 9 ... Phospholipid-transporting ATPase VA also known as ATPase class V type 10A or aminophospholipid translocase VA is an enzyme that ... The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 5 (1): 31-9. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipid-transporting_ATPase_VA

Chen Y, Zhang S, Sorani M, Giacomini KM (2007). "Transport of paraquat by human organic cation transporters and multidrug and ... 2007). "The MATE proteins as fundamental transporters of metabolic and xenobiotic organic cations". Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 27 ( ... 2006). "A human transporter protein that mediates the final excretion step for toxic organic cations". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U ... Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1), also known as solute carrier family 47 member 1, is a protein that in humans ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multidrug_and_toxin_extrusion_protein_1

The cation:proton antiporter (CPA) superfamily is a superfamily of transport proteins named after one of its constituent ... Membrane proteins, Transmembrane proteins, Transmembrane transporters, Transport proteins, Integral membrane proteins, Protein ... As of April 2016, the CPA superfamily consists of four members: Monovalent cation:proton antiporter-2 family Malonate:Sodium ... members, the monovalent cation:proton antiporter-2 (CPA2). CPA1 was considered a member of the superfamily until 2010, when it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPA_superfamily

... but efficiency of transport for organic cations (e.g., tetraethylammonium) is very low. The transport efficiency for carnitine ... The first functional designation of this protein was OCTN1 ("organic cation transporter, novel, type 1"), ... The encoded protein is an integral protein of the plasma membrane containing 12 transmembrane segments. ... and pH-dependent transport of organic cations". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 289 (2): 768-73. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC22A4

... but the Ki for Mg2+ inhibition of this transport is currently unknown. The transport of other cations by the Alr1p protein was ... also showed that the protein could transport Zn2+ and Fe2+, but did not report on the capacity of the protein to transport ... The transport of Zn2+ by this protein may be as important as that of Mg2+. The table shows a comparison of the transport ... How the transport of Mg2+ by the protein is regulated was not determined. Currents were observed to pass through the protein in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_transporter

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+- ... "A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration". Cell. 125 (4): ... Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP1A3 gene. ... "Entrez Gene: ATP1A3 ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 3 polypeptide". Smith RS, Florio M, Akula SK, Neil JE, Wang Y, Hill RS, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP1A3

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of ... The aminophospholipid translocases transport phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine from one side of a bilayer to ... This gene encodes the member 3 of the phospholipid-transporting ATPase 8B. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding ... The human gene ATP8B3 encodes the protein ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter, class I, type 8B, member 3. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP8B3

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+ - ... Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP1A4 gene. ... Na+/K+ -ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for establishing and maintaining the electrochemical gradients of Na ... These gradients are essential for osmoregulation, for sodium-coupled transport of a variety of organic and inorganic molecules ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP1A4

The disulfide bond (-S-S-) plays a major role in the conformation of proteins and in the catalytic activity of enzymes. Sulfide ... 8 MgS + 8 I2 → S8 + 8 MgI2 Aqueous solutions of transition metals cations react with sulfide sources (H2S, NaHS, Na2S) to ... pipelines transporting soured oil, Kraft paper factories. Microbially-induced corrosion (MIC) or biogenic sulfide corrosion are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfide

2004). "Phylogeny as a guide to structure and function of membrane transport proteins". Mol Membr Biol. 21 (3): 171-181. doi: ... polycystin cation channels, glutamate-gated ion channels, calcium-dependent chloride channels, monovalent cation:proton ... Phylogenetic studies of proteins expressed in bacteria revealed the existence of a superfamily of voltage-gated sodium channels ... Voltage-gated ion channels are a class of transmembrane proteins that form ion channels that are activated by changes in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-gated_ion_channel

... ions from the cell provides the driving force for several secondary active transporters such as membrane transport proteins, ... Skou JC (February 1957). "The influence of some cations on an adenosine triphosphatase from peripheral nerves". Biochimica et ... Protein-protein interactions play a very important role in Na⁺-K⁺ pump-mediated signal transduction. For example, the Na⁺-K⁺ ... this membrane protein can also relay extracellular ouabain-binding signalling into the cell through regulation of protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium–potassium_pump

This protein is an integral membrane protein that transports the monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, ... Xia L, Zhou M, Kalhorn TF, Ho HT, Wang J (Jun 2009). "Podocyte-specific expression of organic cation transporter PMAT: ... as well being only weakly sensitive to the adenosine transport inhibitor, dipyridamole. Its transport of monoamines, unlike for ... The plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) is a low-affinity monoamine transporter protein which in humans is encoded by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_membrane_monoamine_transporter

It does this via two important transport proteins called hemoglobin and myoglobin. Hemoglobin in the blood transports oxygen ... Magnesium is the most abundant free cation in plant cytosol, is the central atom in chlorophyll and offers itself as a bridging ... Both proteins are tetramer complexes with iron protein complexes called hemes built into each subunit of the tetramer. The ... Processes including oxygen transport and DNA replication are carried out using enzymes such as DNA polymerase, which in humans ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometal_(biology)

The WNK1 protein is composed of 2382 amino acids (molecular weight 230 kDa). The protein contains a kinase domain located ... CCCs mediate ion homeostasis and modulate blood pressure by transporting ions in and out of the cell. WNK1 mutations as a ... The predominant role of WNK1 is the regulation of cation-Cl− cotransporters (CCCs) such as the sodium chloride cotransporter ( ... The gene belongs to a group of four related protein kinases (WNK1, WNK2, WNK3, WNK4). Homologs of this protein have been found ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNK1

Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK3, also known as protein kinase lysine-deficient 3, is a protein that in humans is encoded ... 2005). "WNK3 kinase is a positive regulator of NKCC2 and NCC, renal cation-Cl− cotransporters required for normal blood ... This family member functions as a positive regulator of the transcellular Ca2+ transport pathway, and it plays a role in the ... WNK3 is a protein belonging to the 'with no lysine' family of serine-threonine protein kinases. These family members lack the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNK3

A notable example of the former is the farnesylation of small G-proteins including Ras, CDC42, Rho, and Rac. The attachment of ... Ubiquinone is a key electron carrier in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration. Isoprenoids are a large group of ... The loss of pyrophosphate forms dimethylallyl cation. In the second step, the reactive C3-C5 double bond in isopentyl ... Ericsson J, Jackson SM, Edwards PA (Oct 1996). "Synergistic binding of sterol regulatory element-binding protein and NF-Y to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geranyltranstransferase

The first of these proteins to be studied were the viral fusion proteins, which allow an enveloped virus to insert its genetic ... Exocytosis, fertilization of an egg by sperm and transport of waste products to the lysosome are a few of the many eukaryotic ... These studies have shown that divalent cations play a critical role in the fusion process by binding to negatively charged ... Even once the role of SNAREs or other specific proteins is illuminated, a unified understanding of fusion proteins is unlikely ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_bilayer_fusion

Fresh and saltwater fish are the main source of protein for about one billion people and comprise 15% of an additional 3.5 ... Key factors that are assessed to determine water quality include: Major anion analysis: (HCO3−,Cl−,NO3−,SO42-) Major cation ... Sediment and heavy metal traps: Precipitation and surface runoff induces soil erosion, transporting sediment in suspension into ... billion people's protein intake. Another food staple found in wetland systems is rice, a popular grain that is consumed at the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland

For the extracellular polymeric substances, many proteins and other bio-macromolecules are required. Many metal cations are ... The extracellular electron transport chains responsible for transferring electrons across cell membranes are relatively well ... EDTA control and extensive cation presence/absence tests show that Ca(II), Mn(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) are all essential in this ... Cytochrome c class protein SO3300 also has an elevated transcription. For example, when reducing U(VI), special cytochromes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shewanella_oneidensis

Many of these proteins are located in a conserved gene cluster. Later (2013) studies have identified a few more enzymes that ... The main function of teichoic acids is to provide flexibility to the cell-wall by attracting cations such as calcium and ... Following the synthesis, the ATP-binding cassette transporters (teichoic-acid-transporting ATPase) TarGH (P42953, P42954) flip ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teichoic_acid

I of the gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter GAT-1 plays a crucial role in the transition between cation leak and transport ... GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) also known as sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 is a protein that in humans is ... In this conformation, 2 extracellular Na+ ions are co-transported into the neuron along with 1 GABA and 1 Cl− that bind to the ... The presence of a Cl−/Cl− exchange is also proposed because the Cl− transported across the membrane does not affect the net ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABA_transporter_type_1

... and with many cations. Variations have been prepared including the incomplete cubanes [Fe3S4(SR)3]3−. The Rieske proteins ... Both are part of the electron transport chain of their respective organisms which is a crucial step in the energy harvesting ... The ferredoxin proteins are the most common Fe-S clusters in nature. They feature either 2Fe-2S or 4Fe-4S centers. They occur ... The relevant redox couple in all Fe-S proteins is Fe(II)/Fe(III). Many clusters have been synthesized in the laboratory with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron–sulfur_cluster

Human serum albumin (HSA) is one of the most abundant blood proteins. It serves as a transport protein for several endogenous ... Its surface is covered with epoxy, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups that interact with cations and anions. It is soluble in water ... "Selective Phosphorylation Inhibitor of Delta Protein Kinase C-Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Protein-Protein Interactions: ... By the next year, a commercial version of a graphene biosensor was being used by biology researchers as a protein binding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_applications_of_graphene

The main interaction mechanism is competition for plasma protein transport. In these cases the drug that arrives first binds ... Formation of non-absorbable complexes: Chelation: The presence of di- or trivalent cations can cause the chelation of certain ... Binding with proteins. Some drugs such as sucralfate binds to proteins, especially if they have a high bioavailability. For ... This transport system can also be saturated if the plasma concentrations of the drug are high. Bile excretion of drugs mainly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_interaction

... which is involved in retrograde transport of proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. Vps29 may be involved in the ... 2006). "The human Vps29 retromer component is a metallo-phosphoesterase for a cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor ... structure of human vacuolar protein sorting protein 29 reveals a phosphodiesterase/nuclease-like fold and two protein-protein ... The homologous protein (one that performs the same function) in yeast is Vacuolar protein sorting 29 homolog (S. cerevisiae). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VPS29

... which allows cells to regulate salt concentrations and pH by transporting ions across their membranes using proteins called ion ... The presence of ions, in particular divalent cations like magnesium and calcium, strongly affects this step. One of the ... Some of these proteins are linked to the exterior of the cell membrane. An example of this is the CD59 protein, which ... The most common class of this type of protein is the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). GPCRs are responsible for much of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_bilayer

Protein ADP-ribosylation. Inhibition of protein arginine ADP-ribosylation. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). Indirect down- ... Agmatine binds to α2-adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor binding sites, and blocks NMDA receptors and other cation ... Agmatine is a precursor for polyamine synthesis, competitive inhibitor of polyamine transport, inducer of spermidine/spermine ... Marc RE (April 1999). "Mapping glutamatergic drive in the vertebrate retina with a channel-permeant organic cation". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agmatine

... a soluble protein found in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, where it probably protects against toxic peroxides; ... is oxidized to the porphyrin pi-cation radical (R'). Compound I then oxidizes an organic substrate to give a substrate radical ... Protein pages needing a picture, Protein domains, EC 1.11.1, Hemoproteins). ... Class II proteins contain four conserved disulphide bridges and two conserved calcium-binding sites. Class III consists of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haem_peroxidase

Probable cation-transporting ATPase 13A3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP13A3 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89 ... "Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP13A3

... is a transport protein in the plasma membrane of cells that serves to remove calcium (Ca2+) from the cell. It is vital for ... EC 7.2.2.10 Overview at utoronto.ca Cation transporting ATPase family in Pfam Portal: Biology (Articles with short description ... Short description matches Wikidata, Transport proteins, Transmembrane proteins, EC 7.2.2). ... Active transport#Counter-transport PDB Molecule of the Month Calcium pump nlm.nih.gov Jensen TP, Buckby LE, Empson RM ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_ATPase

Diamond, J. M. (1996). "Wet transport proteins". Nature. 384 (6610): 611-612. Bibcode:1996Natur.384..611D. doi:10.1038/384611a0 ... Moreno, J. H.; Diamond, J. M. (1974). "Role of hydrogen bonding in organic cation discrimination by gallbladder epithelium". ... Karasov, W. H.; Pond III, R. S.; Solberg, D. H.; Diamond, J. M. (1983). "Regulation of proline and glucose transport in mouse ... Diamond, J. M. (1964). "The Mechanism of Isotonic Water Transport", The Journal of General Physiology. 48: 15-42 . doi:10.1085. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Diamond_bibliography

Nitrogen is a constituent element of amino acids and thus of proteins, and of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). It resides in the ... In ionic compounds, lithium loses an electron to become positively charged, forming the cation Li+. Lithium is the first alkali ... Fluorine even attacks silica, one of the favored materials for transporting strong acids, and burns asbestos. It attacks common ... The sugars are then turned into such substances as cellulose and (with nitrogen and often sulfur) proteins and other essential ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_2_element

Depending on their charge, proteins are associated with a variety of smaller anions and cations. In plant cells, the anion ... Ion permeation through hydrophobic cell walls is mediated by ion transport channels. Nucleic acids are anionic, the ... Solubility of salts in organic solvents is a function of both the cation and the anion. The solubility of cations in organic ... Similarly, the solubility of anions in organic solvents is enhanced with lipophilic cations. The most common lipophilic cations ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterion

The Bacillus protein exports both arsenite and antimonite. The exact transport mechanism has not established. The generalized ... Ramos, J; Ariño, J; Sychrová, H (April 2011). "Alkali-metal-cation influx and efflux systems in nonconventional yeast species ... These proteins are the ACR3 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also called the ARR3 protein, and the 'ArsB' protein of ... In the latter case ATP hydrolysis again energizes transport. ARC3 homologues transport the same anions as ArsA/AB homologues, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARC3_family

... anchored proteins: GPI-anchored proteins in liposomes and cells show similar behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... A major event in the budding of vesicles, such as transport carriers from the Golgi, is the creation and subsequent narrowing ... The interconversion of lysoPA, PA, and DAG - and changes in pH and cation concentration - can cause membrane bending and ... The roles of lysoPA, PA, and DAG in promoting membrane curvature do not preclude a role in recruiting proteins to the membrane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidic_acid

... is known for its ability to form complexes with alkali cations, most notably potassium and sodium. In general, ... This is how nonactin is able to transport potassium ions across lipid membranes. Nonactin has been reported to specifically ... inhibit the processing of cytoplasmic precursor proteins destined for the mitochondria. It is able to uncouple the oxidative ... Although nonactin (and all nactins) exhibits an especially high cation selectivity for potassium ions over sodium ions or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonactin

Here we identify a new TRP (transient receptor potential)-like channel protein, OTRPC4, that is expressed at high levels in the ... Cation Transport Proteins * Cations * Ion Channels * TRPV Cation Channels * Trpv4 protein, mouse ... OTRPC4, a nonselective cation channel that confers sensitivity to extracellular osmolarity Nat Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;2(10):695- ... Here we identify a new TRP (transient receptor potential)-like channel protein, OTRPC4, that is expressed at high levels in the ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11025659/?dopt=Abstract

The TRPM1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member ... This protein acts as a channel, transporting positively charged atoms (cations) into cells. The TRPM1 channel is found on the ... The TRPM1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member ... In bright-light conditions, the TRPM1 channel is open, allowing cations to flow in and out of bipolar cells and preventing ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/trpm1/

Cation Transport Proteins Medicine & Life Sciences 8% * Biodiversity Medicine & Life Sciences 6% ... Assessment of indicator genes revealed that the acidic organic-rich soils possessed a greater abundance of cation efflux pumps ... Assessment of indicator genes revealed that the acidic organic-rich soils possessed a greater abundance of cation efflux pumps ... Assessment of indicator genes revealed that the acidic organic-rich soils possessed a greater abundance of cation efflux pumps ...

https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/bacterial-physiological-adaptations-to-contrasting-edaphic-condit

Family b.82.7.1: Metal cation-transporting ATPase, actuator domain A [81652] (2 proteins). ... Superfamily b.82.7: Metal cation-transporting ATPase, actuator domain A [81653] (1 family) a distorted variant of double-helix ... Other proteins in same PDB: d1wpga2, d1wpga3, d1wpga4, d1wpgb2, d1wpgb3, d1wpgb4, d1wpgc2, d1wpgc3, d1wpgc4, d1wpgd2, d1wpgd3, ... Class b: All beta proteins [48724] (180 folds). *. Fold b.82: Double-stranded beta-helix [51181] (7 superfamilies). one turn of ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=114810

... membrane cation transport, calcium binding proteins, and enzymes ranging from phosphodiesterase to protein kinase C. Despite ... 808 individual proteins were resolved, 162 of which had coefficients of variation < .00 1) by the lead exposures studied. ... was to determine if low-level exposure of rabbits to lead would produce concentration-dependent changes in myocardial proteins ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=heart+or+cardiac+or+cardiovascular+or+cardiopulmonary+or+cerebrovascular+or+fatality&f1=TI&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=heart+or+cardiac+or+cardiovascular+or+cardiopulmonary+or+cerebrovascular+&terms=3&Adv=1&ct=&B1=Search&f2=KW&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&whichdate=DP&D1=10&EndYear=&PageNo=196&RecNo=1952&View=f&

CatSpers (cation channel, sperm associated proteins) are ion transport proteins located on the surface of sperm cells in the ... cav-like protein, one-repeat calcium channel-like protein, CATSPER3, CACRC, Cav-like protein, CACRC, Cation channel, sperm ... Synonyms: cation channel sperm-associated protein 3, calcium channel repeat containing 1, putative ion channel CatSper3, ... CATSPER3, CACRC, 4921522D01Rik, cation channel sperm associated 3, cation channel, sperm associated 3, CATSPER3, Catsper3 ...

https://www.antikoerper-online.de/antibody/1692968/anti-Cation+Channel,+Sperm+Associated+3+CATSPER3+AA+201-300+antibody+Alexa+Fluor+350/

Cation efflux protein. - Biological Process: cation transport (GO:0006812). - Molecular Function: cation transporter activity ( ... Protein prediction analysis (2) Protein prediction analysis (2) Prediction based on longest six frame method >SGN-P151475 (180 ... Urease accessory protein UreG. - Biological Process: protein complex assembly (GO:0006461). - Molecular Function: nickel ion ... Urease accessory protein UreG. - Biological Process: protein complex assembly (GO:0006461). - Molecular Function: nickel ion ...

https://www.sgn.cornell.edu/search/unigene.pl?unigene_id=197505

Divalent cation driven liquid-liquid phase separation of disordered acidic proteins. Joshua E. Mayfield, University of ... Regulation of mitochondrial calcium transport by caloric restriction in rat kidney. Julian Cualcialpud Serna, Universidade de ... Protein Interest Group - Membrane proteins Organizers: Matthias Buck, Case Western University, and Fran Barrera, University of ... Nonstructural protein 1 of SARS coronavirus interacts with stress granule protein G3BP1 and accumulates in the stress granule ...

https://www.asbmb.org/meetings-events/2022-annual-meeting

Several other drug transport proteins have been discovered, and families of these proteins include multidrug and toxin ... Impact of Substrate-Dependent Inhibition on Renal Organic Cation Transporters hOCT2 and hMATE1/2-K-Mediated Drug Transport and ... Role of the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in drug transport--an update. AAPS J. 2015 Jan. 17 (1):65-82. [QxMD ... 15] , organic anion transporter, breast cancer resistance protein [16] , and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/2039809-164769/what-are-drug-interactions-with-ccr5-antagonists-in-antiretroviral-therapy

Identification of a cation transport pathway in Neisseria meningitidis PorB. Proteins 81, 830-840 (2013). ... Atomic-level characterization of the structural dynamics of proteins. Science 330, 341-346 (2010). This paper describes a ... including the kinetics of protein folding to the native state, in addition to the detail these methods provide at atomic ... The authors also demonstrate the selective binding and transport of antibiotics by these channels. ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd4572?error=cookies_not_supported&code=075051b1-cd58-40e3-afa4-11c0d78f1ad7

Cation Transport Proteins - Preferred Concept UI. M0380835. Scope note. Membrane proteins whose primary function is to ... 2002; for CATION PUMPS & CATION PUMP see ION PUMPS 1992-2001. History Note:. 2002; for CATION PUMPS & CATION PUMP use ION PUMPS ... Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of positively charged molecules (cations) across a ... facilitate the transport of positively charged molecules (cations) across a biological membrane. ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=36183

Characteristics of differentially expressed proteins identified by 45Ca- 760 autoradiography ... Protein class. 7816/6807. 63.6/87.4. * 2.11; 2.41. ↓10mMCa. ↑Bapta 0.5mM. 45Ca. Probable Cation transport ATPase 92% coverage. ... Protein expression. change Ca. Protein expression. change BAPTA/. EGTA. Detected by. LC/MS ID. Gene name. ... Heat-shock protein 99% coverage. grpE. Class I. 9102/9103. 19.99/23.52. *2.5; 2.5. ↓5mMCa. ↑0.25 Bapta. ↑0.5mM Bapta. 45Ca. ...

https://www.omicsonline.org/articles-images/2155-9872-S6-001-t003.html

Cation Transport Proteins. *Anticoagulants. *Cytokines. *Activin Receptors, Type II. *Iron Chelating Agents ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/person/181836/network/researchareas/categories

1 Cation Transport Proteins. *1 Collagen --metabolism. *. next > Date issued. *4 1991 ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/1368/simple-search?query=&sort_by=score&order=desc&rpp=10&filter_field_1=subject&filter_type_1=equals&filter_value_1=Rats&filter_field_2=subject&filter_type_2=equals&filter_value_2=Animals&filter_field_3=subject&filter_type_3=equals&filter_value_3=Rats%2C+Inbred+Strains&etal=0&filtername=author&filterquery=Govindarajulu%2C+P&filtertype=equals

... "protein_coding" "AAC74302","chaC","Escherichia coli","cation transport regulator [Ensembl]. ChaC-like protein [Interproscan ... "mercuric transport protein [Ensembl].","protein_coding" "AGT26737","N559_5163","Klebsiella pneumoniae","hypothetical protein [ ... "sn-glycerol 3-phosphate transport protein [Ensembl]. Bacterial extracellular solute-binding protein [Interproscan].","protein_ ... "protein_coding" "AAL20685","STM1770","Salmonella enterica","cation transport regulator [Ensembl]. ChaB [Interproscan]."," ...

https://bacteria.sbs.ntu.edu.sg/go/sequences/table/10511

Because PXR is important for the uptake and efflux of steroid hormones and metabolites due to the variety of transport proteins ... and organic cation transporter 1 (Oct1) [20,21,22]. Multi-drug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and MRP3, both of which ... Pondugula, S.R.; Dong, H.; Chen, T. Phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions in PXR-mediated CYP3A repression. Expert ... expression of hepatic uptake drug and bile acid transporter proteins including organic anion transporting polypeptide protein 2 ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/10/2295

Cation Transport Proteins. *Circadian Rhythm. *Copper. *Copper-Transporting ATPases. *Cyclic AMP. *Photoreceptor Cells, ... Copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 7.2.2.8) (Copper pump 2) (Wilson disease-associated protein) [Contains: WND/140 kDa] [PWD] [ ... ATP7A, ATP7B and CTR1 are metal transporting proteins that control the cellular disposition of copper and platinum drugs, but ... PINA is able to restore copper transport activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in the homologous copper-transporting ...

http://transhumanist.ru/ATP7B

Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Bioware; Cation Transport Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans ... Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Bioware; Blotting, Northern; Disease Models, Animal; Gene ... Multifunctional Role of Choline Binding Protein G in Pneumococcal Pathogenesis. Year: 2006. Publication: Infection and Immunity ... Proteomics-based identification of anchorless cell wall proteins as vaccine candidates against Staphylococcus aureus. Year: ...

http://citations.perkinelmer.com/search.php?sqlQuery=SELECT%20author%2C%20title%2C%20year%2C%20publication%2C%20volume%2C%20pages%2C%20keywords%20FROM%20refs%20LEFT%20JOIN%20products%20on%20record_serial%3Dserial%20WHERE%20category%20%3D%20%22In%20vivo%20imaging%20reagents%22GROUP%20BY%20serial%20ORDER%20BY%20volume_numeric%20DESC&submit=List&citeStyle=APA&orderBy=volume_numeric%20DESC&headerMsg=&showQuery=0&showLinks=0&formType=sqlSearch&showRows=10&rowOffset=130&client=&viewType=Pe-foot

Metabolism Transport and binding proteins Cations and iron carrying compounds potassium uptake protein, Trk family (TIGR00934; ... Metabolism Transport and binding proteins Cations and iron carrying compounds potassium uptake protein, TrkH family (TIGR00933 ... Protein[edit , edit source]. ⊟General[edit , edit source]. *locus tag: NWMN_RS04995 [old locus tag: NWMN_0893 ] ... Protein synthesis (provided by Aureolib)[edit , edit source]. *Aureolib: no data available ...

https://aureowiki.med.uni-greifswald.de/NWMN_RS04995

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of ... Cation_ATPase; Cation transport ATPase (P-type). pfam16209. Location:55 → 131. PhoLip_ATPase_N; Phospholipid-translocating ... Cation_ATPase; Cation transport ATPase (P-type). pfam16209. Location:108 → 184. PhoLip_ATPase_N; Phospholipid-translocating ... General protein information Go to the top of the page Help Preferred Names. phospholipid-transporting ATPase IK. Names. ATPase ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/148229

Organic Anion Transport Protein 1 D12.776.157.530.937.610 D12.776.543.585.937.719 Organic Cation Transporter 1 D12.776.157.530. ... Protein Transport G3.495.166.700 G3.143.700 Protein Unfolding G1.154.100.640.750 G1.154.651.750 G1.595.100.640.750 G2.111. ... ELAV Proteins D12.776.641.520 D12.776.631.520 ELAV-Like Protein 2 D12.776.641.520.500 D12.776.631.520.500 ELAV-Like Protein 3 ... PrP 27-30 Protein D12.776.785.700.700 D12.776.785.340.750.700 PrPC Proteins D12.776.785.680 D12.776.785.340.500 PrPSc Proteins ...

https://decs.bvs.br/E/mnchg2017.txt

Cation transport regulator-like protein 1 (CHAC1) was the most highly TMZ-upregulated gene. Overexpression and knockdown of ... Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) was revealed to be upregulated in EOC ascites in our previous proteomic study. Here, we ... Vitamin D-Binding Protein Enhances Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Progression by Regulating the Insulin-like Growth Factor-1/Akt ... TMZ also induced CHAC1 to bind to the Notch3 protein and inhibit Notch3 activation, resulting in attenuation of Notch3-mediated ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/controlecancer/?lang=pt&q=au:Shen,+Wan-Lin

ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 1 (ATP1A1). The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation ... The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into over 60 families (40). ... protein transcription activity and regulation, G-protein alpha subunit binding, and neuropeptide hormone activity. Enriched ... transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+ ATPases (38). Na+/K+ -ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2019.00314/full

... cation transport, molecular_function unknown, plasma membrane" YDR218C 8.87833 INESSENTIAL SPR28 "septin-related protein ... "Ammonia transport protein, transport," YLR348C 0.605291 INESSENTIAL DIC1 "mitochondrial dicarboxylate transport protein, ... "polyamine transport protein, transport," YDR019C 4.663699 INESSENTIAL GCV1 "glycine cleavage T protein (T subunit of glycine ... "metal resistance protein, similar to multidrug resistance proteins and cystic fibrosis protein CFTR, bilirubin transport*, ...

https://genomics.lbl.gov/YeastFitnessData/websitefiles/ratioresults/thrRatio_07.txt

Renal handling also involves tubular reabsorption, probably mediated by cation transport proteins. The renal elimination rate ... Renal handling also involves tubular reabsorption, probably mediated by cation transport proteins. The renal elimination rate ... Renal handling also involves tubular reabsorption, probably mediated by cation transport proteins. The renal elimination rate ... The mean volume of distribution of memantine is 9-11 L/kg and the plasma protein binding is low (45%). ...

https://pillintrip.com/medicine/zalatine

... organic cation/ergothioneine transporter), member 4 (SLC22A4), mGFP tagged ... The encoded protein is an organic cation transporter and plasma integral membrane protein containing eleven putative ... Transport by this protein is at least partially ATP-dependent. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]. ... Polyspecific organic cation transporters in the liver, kidney, intestine, and other organs are critical for elimination of many ...

https://www.origene.com/catalog/cdna-clones/expression-plasmids/rc206575l2/slc22a4-nm_003059-human-tagged-orf-clone

PhD project1: Structure and function of proteins transporting alkali metal cations. The aim of this study is, with the use of ... Protein Structures. Proteinové struktury. PhD Project1: Study of allosteric communication in chimeric two-domain proteins upon ... transport a metabolismus serotoninu a tryptofanu v placentě, transport antidepresiv přes placentu z matky do plodu, vliv ... Role of CPEB protein in the female fertility. Why KO females for CPEB gene are sub-fertile?. Další info: v přiloženém PDF ...

https://www.researchjobs.cz/dizertacni-prace/e-biovedy/

Protein Kinase (PK) Superfamily. Protein kinase domains are sometimes found in transport proteins. These include TC#s 1.A.87.2. ... 8.A.82 - The Calmodulin Calcium Binding Protein (Calmodulin) Family. Cation Diffusion Facilitator (CDF) Superfamily. Paulsen, I ... The GTP-Binding Protein/GTPase Superfamily includes proteins from many multi-component transport systems, many of them involved ... These proteins usually have 4 - 6 TMSs and function in intracellular protein trafficking in eukaryotes and as protein chaparone ...

https://tcdb.org/superfamily.php

The protein-protein interaction network analysis enriched two local network clusters namely cation transporting ATPase C- ... Furthermore, the human disease-related salmonella infection pathway was significantly enriched in the protein-protein ...

https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/9b01fec6-2050-38f6-aed3-195fa4c66aa4/

protein_coding" "AAC73969","clpA","Escherichia coli","ATPase and specificity subunit of ClpA-ClpP ATP-dependent serine protease, chaperone activity [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
CDC50 proteins are critical components of the human class-1 P4-ATPase transport machinery. (nih.gov)
These ATPase are found as coomponents of several protein secretion systems as well as synaptosomal fusion systems. (tcdb.org)
The protein-protein interaction network analysis enriched two local network clusters namely cation transporting ATPase C-terminus and Sodium/potassium ATPase beta chain cluster, and mixed inclusion of Ion homeostasis and EF-hand domain cluster. (mendeley.com)

Previous work suggested that CNIs reduce the abundance of key divalent cation transport proteins, expressed along the distal convoluted tubule, causing renal magnesium and calcium wasting. (elsevier.com)
The ION Biosciences' Brilliant Calcium Assay is useful for a wide range of effectors of intracellular Ca²+ including many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), divalent cation channels, and other proteins capable of transporting Ca²+ or affecting intracellular Ca²+ dynamics. (icocinfo.org)
The essential functions of this divalent cation continue to be elucidated, particularly in head injury/stroke and cardiopulmonary disorders. (medscape.com)

For instance, DTG decreases the renal clearance of metformin by inhibiting organic cation transporters in renal tubular cells. (medscape.com)
Polyspecific organic cation transporters in the liver, kidney, intestine, and other organs are critical for elimination of many endogenous small organic cations as well as a wide array of drugs and environmental toxins. (origene.com)
In the past 10 years, Solid Supported Membrane (SSM)-based electrophysiology has been proven as an efficient tool for the characterization of electrogenic membrane proteins, e.g. transporters, ion pumps and ion channels. (nanion.de)
We analyzed different transport modes of the Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger NCX and assayed binding and transport reactions of different sugar transporters individually. (nanion.de)
7] Cation-Cl cotransporters are transmembrane proteins that include thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl co-transporter, loop diuretic-sensitive Na-K-2Cl co-transporters, and K-Cl co-transporters. (medscape.com)
Renal tumours in a Tsc1+/- mouse model show epigenetic suppression of organic cation transporters Slc22a1, Slc22a2 and Slc22a3, and do not respond to metformin. (ox.ac.uk)
Metformin, a substrate of several poly-specific organic cation transporters, is a widely used biguanide for the treatment of type II diabetes. (ox.ac.uk)
Surprisingly, the expression of the organic cation transporters Slc22a1, Slc22a2 and Slc22a3 essential for the cellular uptake of metformin was highly suppressed in renal tumours. (ox.ac.uk)
These data suggest that the epigenetic suppression of the organic cation transporters in Tsc-associated mouse renal tumours may contribute to the lack of response to metformin treatment. (ox.ac.uk)
An optimal solution for measuring intracellular Ca²+ dynamics, including effectors such as GPCRs and protein transporters. (icocinfo.org)

Assessment of indicator genes revealed that the acidic organic-rich soils possessed a greater abundance of cation efflux pumps, C and N direct fixation systems, and fermentation pathways, indicating adaptations to both acidity and anaerobiosis. (elsevier.com)
The encoded protein is an organic cation transporter and plasma integral membrane protein containing eleven putative transmembrane domains as well as a nucleotide-binding site motif. (origene.com)
The organic cation transporter OCT2 transports multiple substrates with different EC 50 and Vmax. (nanion.de)
We hypothesized that reduced transport of metformin via the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) and organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) could increase the risk of severe gastrointestinal adverse effects. (dundee.ac.uk)
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1), which is encoded by solute carrier 47A1 ( SLC47A1 ), mediates the excretion of organic cations into bile and urine. (aspetjournals.org)
Probably transports organic cations (By similarity). (cansar.ai)

Mechanisms proposed for lead's effect on the cardiovascular system include alterations in adrenergic receptor density, membrane cation transport, calcium binding proteins, and enzymes ranging from phosphodiesterase to protein kinase C. Despite reported adverse effects, the cardiovascular toxicity of lead remains controversial due a significant number of negative studies. (cdc.gov)
Abnormalities of red cell membrane cation permeability are seen in several hereditary disorders. (medscape.com)
Any disturbances in membrane cation permeability alter cellular hydration and can cause numerous effects, including hemolysis. (medscape.com)

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of positively charged molecules (cations) across a biological membrane. (bvsalud.org)
Most antagonistic reactions were between micronutrients such as Zn, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). These are all cations, or positively charged molecules or atoms. (vlsci.com)
TRPM7 proteins help transport and regulate the stream of positively charged molecules in and out of the carotid bodies' cells. (news-medical.net)

8] "These membrane proteins are involved in several physiological activities including transepithelial ion absorption and secretion, cell volume regulation, and setting intracellular Cl concentration below or above its electrochemical potential equilibrium. (medscape.com)
By transporting Na + and K + ions across the cell membrane, red cells can adjust the intracellular concentration of these cations and regulate intracellular hydration. (medscape.com)
In contrast, the primary abnormality in DHSt is a change in the relative membrane permeability to K + . Efflux of K + is increased 2- to 4-fold and results in cation depletion, with decreased intracellular osmolality and water loss. (medscape.com)

Here, we confirmed that tacrolimus-treated control mice developed hypomagnesemia and urinary calcium wasting, with decreased protein and mRNA abundance of key magnesium and calcium transport proteins (NCX-1 and Calbindin-D 28k ). (elsevier.com)
These results indicate that tacrolimus affects calcium and magnesium transport along the distal convoluted tubule and strongly suggests that inhibition of the phosphatase, calcineurin, is directly involved. (elsevier.com)
These mechanisms include the ability of lead to inhibit or mimic the action of calcium and to interact with proteins. (cdc.gov)
Fifty percent of plasma calcium is ionized, 40% is bound to proteins (90% of which binds to albumin), and 10% circulates bound to anions (eg, phosphate, carbonate, citrate, lactate, sulfate). (medscape.com)
At the cellular level, calcium is an important regulator of ion transport and membrane integrity. (medscape.com)

Baloxavir may bind to polyvalent cations resulting in decreased absorption. (medscape.com)
Deferiprone may bind polyvalent cations (eg, iron, aluminum, and zinc), separate administration by at least 4 hr between deferiprone and other medications (eg, antacids), or supplements containing these polyvalent cations. (medscape.com)

Aquaporins are transmembrane water permeable proteins involved in transcellular water flow. (adejournal.com)

ATP7A , ATP7B and CTR1 are metal transporting proteins that control the cellular disposition of copper and platinum drugs, but their expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissue and their role in platinum-induced neurotoxicity are unknown. (transhumanist.ru)
Chloride is mainly transported via electroneutral cation-Cl cotransporters, which allow Cl to always follow cations mainly Na and K across cellular membranes. (medscape.com)
Early cellular responses to diverse growth stimuli independent of protein and RNA synthesis. (wikidata.org)
Cation-proton antiporters are membrane-embedded transport proteins involved in a wide range of essential cellular processes, from controlling pH and salt concentration to osmoregulation of the cell volume. (cef-mc.de)
Transport of positively charged hydrogen and sodium ions, called cations, create gradients that provide energy for diverse cellular processes, such as cell motility, import of nutrients, and extrusion of chemicals that are toxic to the cell. (pharmamicroresources.com)
Because phosphorus is an essential element for DNA, RNA, several ubiquitous cofactors, and phosphorylated proteins, Pi-limitation has major affects on cellular metabolism and physiology. (biomedcentral.com)

Cation transport regulator-like protein 1 (CHAC1) was the most highly TMZ-upregulated gene. (bvsalud.org)

This protein acts as a channel, transporting positively charged atoms (cations) into cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Cations and anions (negatively charged molecules or atoms) bind to different transport proteins. (vlsci.com)
Transport proteins make up the active interface between the cell and the environment, and among the most important of these proteins are those which transport ions -- atoms or molecules with a net positive or negative electrical charge -- into and out of the cell, Barquera said. (pharmamicroresources.com)

Bacterial extracellular solute-binding proteins [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
In the current project, "Control of Na+ and H+ transport in bacterial adaptation," researchers will seek to understand how transport proteins that move hydrogen and sodium cations through the cell membrane allow Pseudomonas to adjust its metabolism to different environmental conditions. (pharmamicroresources.com)
The hybrid protein synthesized in the bacterial cell was penicillinase + pro-insulin from which insulin could be separated by trypsin. (biologydiscussion.com)

Protein-bound molecules, including drugs, are eliminated by proximal tubular secretion via a well-coordinated process of uptake by the tubular cells at the blood-facing basolateral site and secretion into the tubular lumen. (springer.com)

Most TRPM1 gene mutations change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the TRPM1 channel and either alter the structure of the channel or prevent the channel from reaching the bipolar cell membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
The APC superfamily consists of numerous families of porters that transport amino acids and their dereivatives. (tcdb.org)

Red cells are characterized by cation leak of the red cell membrane, reflected in elevated sodium content, decreased potassium content, elevated MCHC and MCV, and decreased osmotic fragility. (unina.it)

Metronidazole, being electron-affinic, can accept an electron from neutral free radical centres to generate a reactive cation that binds to an anion such as hydroxyl (OH-), causing a permanent lesion. (who.int)
[ 7 ] At low temperatures, the defective anion channel appears to allow a significant cation leak, and autohemolysis may be seen in vitro at 4ºC. (medscape.com)
These include Ca-Mg-HCO3, Mg-Ca-Cl, Na-Cl, and mixed waters in which neither a particular cation nor anion dominates. (researchgate.net)

Classifi cation of the deleted ulcers ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)

Megalin and cubilin receptors at the apical membrane are responsible for endocytosis-mediated reuptake of filtered low-molecular-weight proteins, such as β2-microglobulin (Eshbach and Weisz 2017 ). (springer.com)

OTRPC4 forms Ca2+-permeable, nonselective cation channels that exhibit spontaneous activity in isotonic media and are rapidly activated by decreases in, and are inhibited by increases in, extracellular osmolarity. (nih.gov)
Using silencing RNA, the researchers knocked out the gene responsible for the production of the TRPM7 channel protein, reducing the number of TRPM7 channels in the carotid bodies of obese mice. (news-medical.net)

During glomerular filtration (Fig. 2 ), blood plasma is filtered in the glomerulus, a bundle of porous capillaries lined by a membrane and specialized epithelial cells, that allows solutes and waste, including drugs and their metabolites, and water to pass through while ensuring larger substances, such as blood cells and proteins, remain in the circulatory system (Holechek 2003 ). (springer.com)
At one, five, 10 and 30 minutes, three paper points were removed from the contact substances, transported individually, immersed in 7 mL Letheen broth and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. (bvsalud.org)

Genetic defects of erythrocyte transport proteins cause disorders of red blood cell volume that are characterized by abnormal permeability to the cation and, consequently, by changes in red cell hydration. (unina.it)

Phylogenetic characterization of transport protein superfamilies: superiority of SuperfamilyTree programs over those based on multiple alignments. (tcdb.org)

In the interaction with proteins, lead binds with virtually every available functional group, including sulfhydryl, amine, phosphate, and carboxyl groups, with sulfhydryl having the highest affinity. (cdc.gov)

Protein localization predicted from several bioinformatic algorithms. (proteinatlas.org)
In this study, 107 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 protein sequences were obtained from available databases, and the nuclear localization signals (NLSs) of these HPV L1 proteins were analyzed and predicted by bioinformatic analysis. (big.ac.cn)

The TRPM1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1 (TRPM1). (medlineplus.gov)
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of aminophospholipid-transporting ATPases. (nih.gov)

structural biologists from the Max Planck Institute of Biophysics in Frankfurt succeeded in solving the structure of similar antiporters from microorganisms and then teamed up with theoretical biophysicists who unravelled the transport mechanism of this type of electroneutral transporter. (cef-mc.de)

ION's Brilliant Sodium Assay is compatible with fluorescence microscopes, flow cytometers, and plate readers capable of detecting fluorescein or more optimally, yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). (icocinfo.org)

ZIP (ZRT/IRT-like Protein) and CDF (Cation Diffusion Facilitator) are two large metal transporter families mainly transporting zinc into and out of the cytosol. (big.ac.cn)
contains a zinc finger,XV" YOL091W 1 15 16 YOL091W "involved in sporulation,XV" YOL103W-B 1 15 17 YOL103W-B "TyB Gag-Pol protein. (davidson.edu)

TMZ also induced CHAC1 to bind to the Notch3 protein and inhibit Notch3 activation, resulting in attenuation of Notch3-mediated downstream signaling pathways. (bvsalud.org)

After the gene expression and the translation of mRNA into protein, the two polypeptides were cleaved from the enzyme and linked to form the complete insulin molecule. (biologydiscussion.com)

The antigens are allowed to react with the serum and then precipitated using a special reagent such as PROTEIN A sepharose beads. (ucdenver.edu)

Furthermore, the human disease-related salmonella infection pathway was significantly enriched in the protein-protein interaction network. (mendeley.com)
Acts as a pro-apoptotic component of the unfolded protein response pathway by mediating the pro-apoptotic effects of the ATF4-ATF3-DDIT3/CHOP cascade (PubMed:19109178). (wuxibiortus.com)

The causative gene of this condition is ABCB6, encoding an erythrocyte membrane ABC transporter protein bearing the Langereis blood group antigen system. (unina.it)

This hybrid plant can be utilized for large scale production of seeds containing antibody proteins. (biologydiscussion.com)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (1elisakits.com)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (1elisakits.com)

In MITOCHONDRIA the complex also couples its reaction to the transport of PROTONS across the internal mitochondrial membrane. (childrensmercy.org)

Recent studies suggest that metformin attenuates mTORC1 signalling by the activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the presence or absence of a functional hamartin/tuberin (TSC1/TSC2) complex. (ox.ac.uk)

It's a label-free, high-sensitivity method which allows the use of membrane preparations, e.g. reconstituted protein samples and membranes from native tissues or cell culture. (nanion.de)
The mosaic mutation (Atp7a(mo-ms)) linked to X-chromosome is caused by changes in the Atp7a gene encoding CPx-type protein responsible for the ATP-dependent copper transport across cell membranes. (nel.edu)

In a new study with obese mice, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers say they have added to evidence that specialized channel proteins are possible therapeutic targets for sleep apnea and similar abnormally slow breathing disorders in obese people. (news-medical.net)
These high levels of the cation channel in turn may lead to the low respiration rates observed in obese mice with TRPM7. (news-medical.net)

a Blood plasma solutes and proteins pass through the glomerular filter. (springer.com)
In addition to being permeable to water, some Aquaporins can be permeable to small solutes, including cations, glycerol and gases. (adejournal.com)

A dopamine plasma membrane transporter protein complex located on the membrane of dopaminergic neurons. (nih.gov)

accepted May 29, 1998 Recently, we demonstrated that the 36 kDa catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2Ac) undergoes methylation at its. (silverchair.com)

Their nuclear matrix proteins (NMPs) were selectively extracted and subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis. (big.ac.cn)
XIII" YMR047C 3 13 3 YMR047C "Nuclear pore complex protein that is member of GLFG repeat-containing family of nucleoporins and is,XIII" YMR049C 3 13 4 YMR049C "Ymr049cp,XIII" YMR051C 3 13 5 YMR051C "TyA Gag protein. (davidson.edu)

The ABC2 uptake Superfamily includes proteins in TC families 2.A.87 (P-RFT) and 2.A.88 (VUT or ECF). (tcdb.org)
The A-OMP superfamily consists of Actinobacterial proteins of about 500 aas with ~8 alpha helical TMSs. (tcdb.org)

Anatomy29

Organisms12

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs148

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes50

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Role of iron in Nramp1-mediated inhibition of mycobacterial growth. (1/3516)

Characterisation of copper-binding to the second sub-domain of the Menkes protein ATPase (MNKr2). (2/3516)

The iron transport protein NRAMP2 is an integral membrane glycoprotein that colocalizes with transferrin in recycling endosomes. (3/3516)

Genetic selection of mutations in the high affinity K+ transporter HKT1 that define functions of a loop site for reduced Na+ permeability and increased Na+ tolerance. (4/3516)

Overexpression of a novel Arabidopsis gene related to putative zinc-transporter genes from animals can lead to enhanced zinc resistance and accumulation. (5/3516)

Ion channels: structure of a molecular brake. (6/3516)

Cloning and characterization of the transport modifier RS1 from rabbit which was previously assumed to be specific for Na+-D-glucose cotransport. (7/3516)

Mechanism of increased iron absorption in murine model of hereditary hemochromatosis: increased duodenal expression of the iron transporter DMT1. (8/3516)

Organic Cation Transport Proteins

Cations

Cation Transport Proteins

Biological Transport

Biological Transport, Active

Sodium

Fatty Acid Transport Proteins

Potassium

Rubidium

Ion Transport

Membrane Transport Proteins

Cations, Monovalent

Cations, Divalent

Carrier Proteins

Squalus

Organic Cation Transporter 1

Ouabain

Erythrocytes

Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase

Lithium

Kinetics

Metals, Alkali

Potassium Isotopes

Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital

Monosaccharide Transport Proteins

Equilibrative Nucleoside Transport Proteins

Cell Membrane

Molecular Sequence Data

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Antiporters

Amino Acid Sequence

Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters

Anion Transport Proteins

Magnesium

Pyridinium Compounds

Membrane Proteins

Digoxin

Chlorides

Protein Transport

Erythrocyte Membrane

Axonal Transport

Rubidium Radioisotopes

Cell Membrane Permeability

Tetraethylammonium

Calcium

Ion Channels

Adenosine Triphosphatases

Adenosine Triphosphate

Tetraethylammonium Compounds

Quinidine

Symporters

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium

Kidney Tubules, Proximal

Escherichia coli

Ions

Kidney Cortex

Mutation

Gramicidin

Membrane Potentials

Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter

Glucose

Kidney

Vesicular Transport Proteins

Binding Sites

Dogs

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters

Cell Line

Choline

Bacterial Proteins

Electron Transport

Phosphate-Binding Proteins

Xenopus laevis

Escherichia coli Proteins

Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative

Transport Vesicles

Rabbits

Organic Anion Transporters

Phloretin

Base Sequence