Cation transport proteins. Medical search

A family of proteins involved in the transport of organic cations. They play an important role in the elimination of a variety of endogenous substances, xenobiotics, and their metabolites from the body.

Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of positively charged molecules (cations) across a biological membrane.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

A broad category of membrane transport proteins that specifically transport FREE FATTY ACIDS across cellular membranes. They play an important role in LIPID METABOLISM in CELLS that utilize free fatty acids as an energy source.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.

The movement of ions across energy-transducing cell membranes. Transport can be active, passive or facilitated. Ions may travel by themselves (uniport), or as a group of two or more ions in the same (symport) or opposite (antiport) directions.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.

Positively charged atoms, radicals or group of atoms with a valence of plus 1, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A genus of SHARKS in the family SQUALIDAE, comprised of many different species. They travel in large groups and are bottom dwellers that feed mostly on bony fishes.

An organic cation transporter found in kidney. It is localized to the basal lateral membrane and is likely to be involved in the renal secretion of organic cations.

A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

An enzyme that catalyzes the active transport system of sodium and potassium ions across the cell wall. Sodium and potassium ions are closely coupled with membrane ATPase which undergoes phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, thereby providing energy for transport of these ions against concentration gradients.

An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Metals that constitute group 1(formerly group Ia) of the periodic table. They are the most strongly electropositive of the metals. Note that HYDROGEN is not considered an alkali metal even though it falls under the group 1 heading in the periodic table.

Stable potassium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element potassium, but differ in atomic weight. K-41 is a stable potassium isotope.

Hemolytic anemia due to various intrinsic defects of the erythrocyte.

A large group of membrane transport proteins that shuttle MONOSACCHARIDES across CELL MEMBRANES.

A class of sodium-independent nucleoside transporters that mediate the facilitative transport of NUCLEOSIDES.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the opposite direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A subclass of symporters that specifically transport SODIUM CHLORIDE and/or POTASSIUM CHLORIDE across cellular membranes in a tightly coupled process.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of negatively charged molecules (anions) across a biological membrane.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666)

Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

The semi-permeable outer structure of a red blood cell. It is known as a red cell 'ghost' after HEMOLYSIS.

The directed transport of ORGANELLES and molecules along nerve cell AXONS. Transport can be anterograde (from the cell body) or retrograde (toward the cell body). (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ed, pG3)

Unstable isotopes of rubidium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Rb atoms with atomic weights 79-84, and 86-95 are radioactive rubidium isotopes.

A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.

A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.

A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis reaction is usually coupled with another function such as transporting Ca(2+) across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on Ca(2+), Mg(2+), anions, H+, or DNA.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.

Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the same direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.

An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.

The renal tubule portion that extends from the BOWMAN CAPSULE in the KIDNEY CORTEX into the KIDNEY MEDULLA. The proximal tubule consists of a convoluted proximal segment in the cortex, and a distal straight segment descending into the medulla where it forms the U-shaped LOOP OF HENLE.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.

The outer zone of the KIDNEY, beneath the capsule, consisting of KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; KIDNEY TUBULES, DISTAL; and KIDNEY TUBULES, PROXIMAL.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

A plasma membrane exchange glycoprotein transporter that functions in intracellular pH regulation, cell volume regulation, and cellular response to many different hormones and mitogens.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

A broad category of proteins involved in the formation, transport and dissolution of TRANSPORT VESICLES. They play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules contained within membrane vesicles. Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

A major integral transmembrane protein of the ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE. It is the anion exchanger responsible for electroneutral transporting in CHLORIDE IONS in exchange of BICARBONATE IONS allowing CO2 uptake and transport from tissues to lungs by the red blood cells. Genetic mutations that result in a loss of the protein function have been associated with type 4 HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS.

A family of MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS that require ATP hydrolysis for the transport of substrates across membranes. The protein family derives its name from the ATP-binding domain found on the protein.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)

Proteins that bind to and are involved in the metabolism of phosphate ions.

The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

A family of monosaccharide transport proteins characterized by 12 membrane spanning helices. They facilitate passive diffusion of GLUCOSE across the CELL MEMBRANE.

Vesicles that are involved in shuttling cargo from the interior of the cell to the cell surface, from the cell surface to the interior, across the cell or around the cell to various locations.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Proteins involved in the transport of organic anions. They play an important role in the elimination of a variety of endogenous substances, xenobiotics and their metabolites from the body.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Cellular proteins and protein complexes that transport amino acids across biological membranes.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A sequence-related subfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS that actively transport organic substrates. Although considered organic anion transporters, a subset of proteins in this family have also been shown to convey drug resistance to neutral organic drugs. Their cellular function may have clinical significance for CHEMOTHERAPY in that they transport a variety of ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Overexpression of proteins in this class by NEOPLASMS is considered a possible mechanism in the development of multidrug resistance (DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE). Although similar in function to P-GLYCOPROTEINS, the proteins in this class share little sequence homology to the p-glycoprotein family of proteins.

A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Proteins involved in the transport of NUCLEOTIDES across cellular membranes.

Proteins involved in the transport of NUCLEOSIDES across cellular membranes.

An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.

Enzymes that catalyze the formation of acyl-CoA derivatives. EC 6.2.1.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Negatively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the anode or positive pole during electrolysis.

Periplasmic proteins that scavenge or sense diverse nutrients. In the bacterial environment they usually couple to transporters or chemotaxis receptors on the inner bacterial membrane.

A subgroup of TRP cation channels named after melastatin protein. They have the TRP domain but lack ANKYRIN repeats. Enzyme domains in the C-terminus leads to them being called chanzymes.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.

Minute projections of cell membranes which greatly increase the surface area of the cell.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A 170-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein from the superfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. It serves as an ATP-dependent efflux pump for a variety of chemicals, including many ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Overexpression of this glycoprotein is associated with multidrug resistance (see DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE).

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting basic amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BASIC).

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.

Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting neutral amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, NEUTRAL).

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.

Integral membrane proteins of the LIPID BILAYER of SECRETORY VESICLES that catalyze transport and storage of biogenic amine NEUROTRANSMITTERS such as ACETYLCHOLINE; SEROTONIN; MELATONIN; HISTAMINE; and CATECHOLAMINES. The transporters exchange vesicular protons for cytoplasmic neurotransmitters.

A family of organic anion transporters that specifically transport DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS such as alpha-ketoglutaric acid across cellular membranes.

A subgroup of TRP cation channels named after vanilloid receptor. They are very sensitive to TEMPERATURE and hot spicy food and CAPSAICIN. They have the TRP domain and ANKYRIN repeats. Selectivity for CALCIUM over SODIUM ranges from 3 to 100 fold.

A family of plasma membrane neurotransmitter transporter proteins that regulates extracellular levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. They differ from GABA RECEPTORS, which signal cellular responses to GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. They control GABA reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through high-affinity sodium-dependent transport.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

A class of porins that allow the passage of WATER and other small molecules across CELL MEMBRANES.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Gated transport mechanisms by which proteins or RNA are moved across the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A subgroup of TRP cation channels that contain 3-4 ANKYRIN REPEAT DOMAINS and a conserved C-terminal domain. Members are highly expressed in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Selectivity for calcium over sodium ranges from 0.5 to 10.

A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Minute intercellular channels that occur between liver cells and carry bile towards interlobar bile ducts. Also called bile capillaries.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A tetrameric protein, molecular weight between 50,000 and 70,000, consisting of 4 equal chains, and migrating on electrophoresis in 3 fractions more mobile than serum albumin. Its concentration ranges from 7 to 33 per cent in the serum, but levels decrease in liver disease.

Cell surface receptors that bind to and transport FOLIC ACID, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and a variety of folic acid derivatives. The receptors are essential for normal NEURAL TUBE development and transport folic acid via receptor-mediated endocytosis.

A ubiquitously expressed glucose transporter that is important for constitutive, basal GLUCOSE transport. It is predominately expressed in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS and ERYTHROCYTES at the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and is responsible for GLUCOSE entry into the BRAIN.

Populations of thin, motile processes found covering the surface of ciliates (CILIOPHORA) or the free surface of the cells making up ciliated EPITHELIUM. Each cilium arises from a basic granule in the superficial layer of CYTOPLASM. The movement of cilia propels ciliates through the liquid in which they live. The movement of cilia on a ciliated epithelium serves to propel a surface layer of mucus or fluid. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Derivatives of ammonium compounds, NH4+ Y-, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with hydrocarbyl groups. These are distinguished from IMINES which are RN=CR2.

The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT.

A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Aquaporin 1 forms a water-specific channel that is constitutively expressed at the PLASMA MEMBRANE of ERYTHROCYTES and KIDNEY TUBULES, PROXIMAL. It provides these cells with a high permeability to WATER. In humans polymorphisms of this protein result in the Colton blood group antigen.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

A subclass of ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS that do not rely directly or indirectly upon sodium ion gradients for the transport of organic ions.

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

Protein-lipid combinations abundant in brain tissue, but also present in a wide variety of animal and plant tissues. In contrast to lipoproteins, they are insoluble in water, but soluble in a chloroform-methanol mixture. The protein moiety has a high content of hydrophobic amino acids. The associated lipids consist of a mixture of GLYCEROPHOSPHATES; CEREBROSIDES; and SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS; while lipoproteins contain PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; and TRIGLYCERIDES.

Na-K-Cl transporter in the ASCENDING LIMB OF LOOP OF HENLE. It mediates active reabsorption of sodium chloride and is inhibited by LOOP DIURETICS such as FUROSEMIDE; and BUMETANIDE. Mutations in the gene encoding SLC12A1 are associated with a BARTTER SYNDROME.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.

A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

A family of proteins involved in the transport of monocarboxylic acids such as LACTIC ACID and PYRUVIC ACID across cellular membranes.

The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.

Simultaneous resistance to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs.

A group of membrane transport proteins that transport biogenic amine derivatives of catechol across the PLASMA MEMBRANE. Catecholamine plasma membrane transporter proteins regulate neural transmission as well as catecholamine metabolism and recycling.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells, such as ENTEROCYTES. These cells are valuable in vitro tools for studies related to intestinal cell function and differentiation.

A villous structure of tangled masses of BLOOD VESSELS contained within the third, lateral, and fourth ventricles of the BRAIN. It regulates part of the production and composition of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.

A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.

A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504)

Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.

Cell membrane glycoproteins that form channels to selectively pass chloride ions. Nonselective blockers include FENAMATES; ETHACRYNIC ACID; and TAMOXIFEN.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

Acetic acid derivatives of the heterocyclic compound indole. (Merck Index, 11th ed)

Transport of the OVUM or fertilized ovum (ZYGOTE) from the mammalian oviduct (FALLOPIAN TUBES) to the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION in the UTERUS.

Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.

A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.

The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.

Agents that affect ION PUMPS; ION CHANNELS; ABC TRANSPORTERS; and other MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS.

Any spaces or cavities within a cell. They may function in digestion, storage, secretion, or excretion.

A family of POTASSIUM and SODIUM-dependent acidic amino acid transporters that demonstrate a high affinity for GLUTAMIC ACID and ASPARTIC ACID. Several variants of this system are found in neuronal tissue.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.

A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.

An organic anion transporter found in human liver. It is capable of transporting a variety organic anions and mediates sodium-independent uptake of bile in the liver.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

A subfamily of transmembrane proteins from the superfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS that are closely related in sequence to P-GLYCOPROTEIN. When overexpressed, they function as ATP-dependent efflux pumps able to extrude lipophilic drugs, especially ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, from cells causing multidrug resistance (DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE). Although P-Glycoproteins share functional similarities to MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS they are two distinct subclasses of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS, and have little sequence homology.

The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Role of iron in Nramp1-mediated inhibition of mycobacterial growth. (1/3516)

Innate resistance to mycobacterial growth is mediated by a gene, Nramp1. We have previously reported that Nramp1 mRNA from macrophages of Mycobacterium bovis BCG-resistant (Bcgr) mice is more stable than Nramp1 mRNA from macrophages of BCG-susceptible (Bcgs) mice. Based on these observations and on reports that show that the closely related Nramp2 gene is a metal ion transporter, we evaluated the effect of iron on the growth of Mycobacterium avium within macrophages as well as on the stability of Nramp1 mRNA. The addition of iron to macrophages from Bcgs mice resulted in a stimulation of mycobacterial growth. In contrast, iron increased the capacity of macrophages from Bcgr mice to control the growth of M. avium. When we treated recombinant gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-activated macrophages with iron, we found that iron abrogated the growth inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma-activated macrophages from Bcgs mice but that it did not affect the capacity of macrophages from Bcgr mice to control microbial growth. A more detailed examination of the effect of iron on microbial growth showed that the addition of small quantities of iron to resident macrophages from Bcgr mice stimulated antimicrobial activity within a very narrow dose range. The effect of iron on the growth inhibitory activity of macrophages from Bcgr mice was abrogated by the addition of catalase or mannitol to the culture medium. These results are consistent with an Fe(II)-mediated stimulation of the Fenton/Haber-Weiss reaction and hydroxyl radical-mediated inhibition of mycobacterial growth. (+info)

Characterisation of copper-binding to the second sub-domain of the Menkes protein ATPase (MNKr2). (2/3516)

The Menkes ATPase (MNK) has an essential role in the translocation of copper across cellular membranes. In a complementary manner, the intracellular concentration of copper regulates the activity and cellular location of the ATPase through its six homologous amino-terminal domains. The roles of the six amino-terminal domains in the activation and cellular trafficking processes are unknown. Understanding the role of these domains relies on the development of an understanding of their metal-binding properties and structural properties. The second conserved sub-domain of MNK was over-expressed, purified and its copper-binding properties characterised. Reconstitution studies demonstrate that copper binds to MNKr2 as Cu(I) with a stoichiometry of one copper per domain. This is the first direct evidence of copper-binding to the MNK amino-terminal repeats. Circular dichroism studies suggest that the binding or loss of copper to MNKr2 does not cause substantial changes to the secondary structure of the protein. (+info)

The iron transport protein NRAMP2 is an integral membrane glycoprotein that colocalizes with transferrin in recycling endosomes. (3/3516)

The natural resistance associated macrophage protein (Nramp) gene family is composed of two members in mammals, Nramp1 and Nramp2. Nramp1 is expressed primarily in macrophages and mutations at this locus cause susceptibility to infectious diseases. Nramp2 has a much broader range of tissue expression and mutations at Nramp2 result in iron deficiency, indicating a role for Nramp2 in iron metabolism. To get further insight into the function and mechanism of action of Nramp proteins, we have generated isoform specific anti-Nramp1 and anti-Nramp2 antisera. Immunoblotting experiments indicate that Nramp2 is present in a number of cell types, including hemopoietic precursors, and is coexpressed with Nramp1 in primary macrophages and macrophage cell lines. Nramp2 is expressed as a 90-100-kD integral membrane protein extensively modified by glycosylation (>40% of molecular mass). Subcellular localization studies by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy indicate distinct and nonoverlapping localization for Nramp1 and Nramp2. Nramp1 is expressed in the lysosomal compartment, whereas Nramp2 is not detectable in the lysosomes but is expressed primarily in recycling endosomes and also, to a lower extent, at the plasma membrane, colocalizing with transferrin. These findings suggest that Nramp2 plays a key role in the metabolism of transferrin-bound iron by transporting free Fe2+ across the endosomal membrane and into the cytoplasm. (+info)

Genetic selection of mutations in the high affinity K+ transporter HKT1 that define functions of a loop site for reduced Na+ permeability and increased Na+ tolerance. (4/3516)

Potassium is an important macronutrient required for plant growth, whereas sodium (Na+) can be toxic at high concentrations. The wheat K+ uptake transporter HKT1 has been shown to function in yeast and oocytes as a high affinity K+-Na+ cotransporter, and as a low affinity Na+ transporter at high external Na+. A previous study showed that point mutations in HKT1, which confer enhancement of Na+ tolerance to yeast, can be isolated by genetic selection. Here we report on the isolation of mutations in new domains of HKT1 showing further large increases in Na+ tolerance. By selection in a Na+ ATPase deletion mutant of yeast that shows a high Na+ sensitivity, new HKT1 mutants at positions Gln-270 and Asn-365 were isolated. Several independent mutations were isolated at the Asn-365 site. N365S dramatically increased Na+ tolerance in yeast compared with all other HKT1 mutants. Cation uptake experiments in yeast and biophysical characterization in Xenopus oocytes showed that the mechanisms underlying the Na+ tolerance conferred by the N365S mutant were: reduced inhibition of high affinity Rb+ (K+) uptake at high Na+ concentrations, reduced low affinity Na+ uptake, and reduced Na+ to K+ content ratios in yeast. In addition, the N365S mutant could be clearly distinguished from less Na+-tolerant HKT1 mutants by a markedly decreased relative permeability for Na+ at high Na+ concentrations. The new mutations contribute to the identification of new functional domains and an amino acid in a loop domain that is involved in cation specificity of a plant high affinity K+ transporter and will be valuable for molecular analyses of Na+ transport mechanisms and stress in plants. (+info)

Overexpression of a novel Arabidopsis gene related to putative zinc-transporter genes from animals can lead to enhanced zinc resistance and accumulation. (5/3516)

We describe the isolation of an Arabidopsis gene that is closely related to the animal ZnT genes (Zn transporter). The protein encoded by the ZAT (Zn transporter of Arabidopsis thaliana) gene has 398 amino acid residues and is predicted to have six membrane-spanning domains. To obtain evidence for the postulated function of the Arabidopsis gene, transgenic plants with the ZAT coding sequence under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were analyzed. Plants obtained with ZAT in the sense orientation exhibited enhanced Zn resistance and strongly increased Zn content in the roots under high Zn exposure. Antisense mRNA-producing plants were viable, with a wild-type level of Zn resistance and content, like plants expressing a truncated coding sequence lacking the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the protein. The availability of ZAT can lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of Zn homeostasis and resistance in plants. (+info)

Ion channels: structure of a molecular brake. (6/3516)

A combination of crystallographic and mutagenesis studies on the HERG K+ channel, a key determinant of cardiac excitability, has suggested how the protein's extramembraneous amino-terminal domain might act as a 'molecular brake' that slows down channel deactivation. (+info)

Cloning and characterization of the transport modifier RS1 from rabbit which was previously assumed to be specific for Na+-D-glucose cotransport. (7/3516)

Previously we cloned membrane associated polypeptides from pig and man (pRS1, hRS1) which altered rate and glucose dependence of Na+-d-glucose cotransport expressed by SGLT1 from rabbit and man. This paper describes the cloning of a related cDNA sequence from rabbit intestine (rbRS1) which encodes a gene product with about 65% amino acid identity to pRS1 and hRS1. Hybridization of endonuclease-restricted genomic DNA with cDNA fragments of rbRS1 showed that there is only one gene with similarity to rbRS1 in rabbit, and genomic PCR amplifications revealed that the rbRS1 gene is intronless. Comparing the transcription of rbRS1 and rbSGLT1 in various tissues and cell types, different mRNA patterns were obtained for both genes. In Xenopus oocytes the Vmax of expressed Na+-d-glucose cotransport was increased or decreased when rbRS1 was coexpressed with rbSGLT1 or hSGLT1, respectively. After coexpression with hSGLT1 the glucose dependence of the expressed transport was changed. By coexpression of rbRS1 with the human organic cation transporter hOCT2 the expressed cation uptake was not altered; however, the expressed cation uptake was drastically decreased when hRS1 was coexpressed with hOCT2. The data show that RS1 can modulate the function of transporters with non-homologous primary structures. (+info)

Mechanism of increased iron absorption in murine model of hereditary hemochromatosis: increased duodenal expression of the iron transporter DMT1. (8/3516)

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common autosomal recessive disorder characterized by tissue iron deposition secondary to excessive dietary iron absorption. We recently reported that HFE, the protein defective in HH, was physically associated with the transferrin receptor (TfR) in duodenal crypt cells and proposed that mutations in HFE attenuate the uptake of transferrin-bound iron from plasma by duodenal crypt cells, leading to up-regulation of transporters for dietary iron. Here, we tested the hypothesis that HFE-/- mice have increased duodenal expression of the divalent metal transporter (DMT1). By 4 weeks of age, the HFE-/- mice demonstrated iron loading when compared with HFE+/+ littermates, with elevated transferrin saturations (68.4% vs. 49.8%) and elevated liver iron concentrations (985 micrograms vs. 381 micrograms). By using Northern blot analyses, we quantitated duodenal expression of both classes of DMT1 transcripts: one containing an iron responsive element (IRE), called DMT1(IRE), and one containing no IRE, called DMT1(non-IRE). The positive control for DMT1 up-regulation was a murine model of dietary iron deficiency that demonstrated greatly increased levels of duodenal DMT1(IRE) mRNA. HFE-/- mice also demonstrated an increase in duodenal DMT1(IRE) mRNA (average 7.7-fold), despite their elevated transferrin saturation and hepatic iron content. Duodenal expression of DMT1(non-IRE) was not increased, nor was hepatic expression of DMT1 increased. These data support the model for HH in which HFE mutations lead to inappropriately low crypt cell iron, with resultant stabilization of DMT1(IRE) mRNA, up-regulation of DMT1, and increased absorption of dietary iron. (+info)

... transporting one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Organic cations transported by this protein include ... SLC22A5 is a membrane transport protein associated with primary carnitine deficiency. This protein is involved in the active ... an organic cation/carnitine transporter, with differential effects on the organic cation transport function and the carnitine ... The SLC22A5 gene codes for a plasma integral membrane protein which functions as both an organic cation transporter and a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC22A5

Organic cation transport proteins Organic anion-transporting polypeptide Solute carrier family Osmoregulation Organic anion ... The generalized transport reaction catalyzed by OSTα/OSTβ is: organic anion (out) ⇌ organic anion (in) Each transport system ... The two proteins are highly expressed in many human tissues. The β-subunit is not required to target the α-subunit to the ... Transport of estrone sulfate by the two subunit Ost transporter of Raja erinacea (TC# 2.A.82.1.1) is Na+-independent, ATP- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OST_Family

Some examples of proteins that mediate this process are glucose transporters, organic cation transport proteins, urea ... The carrier protein at the membrane binds to the glucose and alters its shape such that it can easily to be transported from ... the transport relies on molecular binding between the cargo and the membrane-embedded channel or carrier protein. the rate of ... Their transport must therefore be "facilitated" by proteins that span the membrane and provide an alternative route or bypass ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facilitated_diffusion

Solute carrier family Organic cation transport proteins GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000175003 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38 ... This gene is one of three similar cation transporter genes located in a cluster on chromosome 6. The encoded protein contains ... Solute carrier family 22 member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene SLC22A1. Polyspecific organic cation ... "Properties and regulation of organic cation transport in freshly isolated human proximal tubules". The Journal of Biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC22A1

... sodium-independent organic cation transport proteins (OCTs) and/or carnitine/organic cation transporters (OCTNs), and do not ... Michel V, Yuan Z, Ramsubir S, Bakovic M (May 2006). "Choline transport for phospholipid synthesis". Experimental Biology and ... Choline kinase (CK) is a cytosolic protein that catalyzes the following reaction: choline + ATP ⇌ phosphocholine + ADP In ... which include the choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1). The fate of internalized choline depends on the cell type. In pre- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDP-choline_pathway

... the ANDI/netCDF scientific data interchange file format Cation diffusion facilitator, transport protein Channel Definition ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDF

... a process in medicine Organic cation transport protein, a type of protein Orion correlation theory, a hypothesis in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oct

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases. This gene encodes a catalytic ... ATPase, H+/K+ transporting, nongastric, alpha polypeptide (also known as ATP12A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ... 2002). "Stimulation of protein kinase C pathway mediates endocytosis of human nongastric H+-K+-ATPase, ATP1AL1". Am. J. Physiol ... "Entrez Gene: ATP12A ATPase, H+/K+ transporting, nongastric, alpha polypeptide". Sverdlov VE, Kostina MB, Modyanov NN (March ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP12A

... altering cellular functions and ultimately influencing cation transport through the plasma membrane and stimulating the proton ... Metabolic: protein catabolism which causes negative nitrogen balance. Musculoskeletal: muscle weakness, loss of muscle mass, ... The metabolic effects of taking methylprednisolone involve the continuous breakdown of proteins for gluconeogenesis increase ... This association changes physiochemical properties of the membrane; activating membrane proteins, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylprednisolone

... a molecule that transports a single potassium cation. Carrier ionophores may be proteins or other molecules. Channel formers ... Gräfe, U.; Reinhardt, G.; Miosga, N. (1989). "Monovalent cation specificity of passive transport mediated by laidlomycin and 26 ... Ionophores facilitate the transport of ions across biological membranes most commonly via passive transport, which is affected ... Many ionophores are lipid-soluble entities that transport ions across the cell membrane. Ionophores catalyze ion transport ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionophore

... of transport proteins includes members that function as solute:cation symporters and solute:solute antiporters. They occur in ... The larger eukaryotic and archaeal proteins possess N- and C-terminal hydrophilic extensions. Some animal proteins, for example ... APC Superfamily Transporter Classification Database Membrane transport protein Saier MH (August 2000). "Families of ... has proposed the pathway for transport and suggested a "rocking bundle" mechanism. Transport reactions generally catalyzed by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APC_Family

"The LysE Superfamily of Transport Proteins Involved in Cell Physiology and Pathogenesis". PLOS ONE. 10 (10): e0137184. Bibcode: ... Note that this family differs from the calcium:cation antiporter (CaCA) family which belongs to the cation diffusion ... CaCA2 family proteins are found in bacteria, archaea, yeast, plants and animals. This family, previously called the ... Patch-clamp analyses on human cells indicated that TMEM165 catalyzes Ca2+ transport. Defects in TMEM165 affected both Ca2+ and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium:cation_antiporter-2

TrkH from Escherichia coli is a transmembrane protein and determines the specificity and kinetics of cation transport by the ... This protein family consists of various potassium transport proteins (Trk) and V-type sodium ATP synthase subunit J or ... This protein interacts with TrkA and requires TrkE for transport activity. Schlosser A, Meldorf M, Stumpe S, Bakker EP, Epstein ... determine the specificity and kinetics of cation transport by the Trk system of Escherichia coli". J. Bacteriol. 177 (7): 1908- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_potassium_transporter

... escort protein, acid transport protein, cation transport protein, or anion transport protein) is a protein that serves the ... A membrane transport protein (or simply transporter) is a membrane protein that acts as such a carrier. A vesicular transport ... Membrane+transport+proteins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Vesicular+Transport+Proteins ... There are several different kinds of transport proteins. Carrier proteins are proteins involved in the movement of ions, small ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_protein

"Phylogeny as a guide to structure and function of membrane transport proteins". Molecular Membrane Biology. 21 (3): 171-81. doi ... The Monovalent Cation:Proton Antiporter-1 (CPA1) Family (TC# 2.A.36) is a large family of proteins derived from Gram-positive ... M4 and M9 therefore contain critical sites for both drug and cation recognition. The generalized transport reaction catalyzed ... The bacterial proteins have 520-550 amino acyl residues (aas) while eukaryotic proteins are generally larger, varying in size ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monovalent_cation:proton_antiporter-1

The generalized transport reaction for Na+ channels is: Na+ (out) → Na+ (in) That for the degenerins is: Cation (out) → cation ... CFTR is a transmembrane channel responsible for chloride transport and defects in this protein cause cystic fibrosis, partly ... "ATP-gated P2X Receptor Cation Channel (P2X Receptor) Family". Functional and Phylogenetic Classification of Membrane Transport ... Toczyłowska-Mamińska R, Dołowy K (February 2012). "Ion transporting proteins of human bronchial epithelium". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial_sodium_channel

An organic cation transport protein mediates the transport of organic cations across the cell membrane. These proteins are ... This family of proteins can also transport zwitterions and anions, though it is a different subfamily of solute carrier ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_cation_transport_protein

... providing the structural basis of the alternating access model for membrane transport. NCS1 proteins are H+/Na+ symporters ... The Nucleobase:Cation Symporter-1 (NCS1) Family (TC# 2.A.39) consists of over 1000 currently sequenced proteins derived from ... The latter three proteins are likely to be closely related thiamin permease isoforms. The yeast cytosine-purine and vitamin B6 ... Proteins of the NCS1 family are 419-635 amino acyl residues long and possess twelve putative transmembrane α-helical spanners ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleobase_cation_symporter-1

The broad specificity NRAMP2 (DMT1) transports a range of divalent metal cations. Studies have shown that it transports Fe2+ ... The generalized transport reaction catalyzed by NRAMP family proteins is: Me2+ (out) + H+ (out) ⇌ Me2+ (in) + H+ (in). All ... Both proteins also mediate H+-dependent Fe2+ uptake. These proteins are of 575 and 549 amino acyl residues in length and are ... are a family of metal transport proteins found throughout all domains of life. Taking on an eleven-helix LeuT fold, the Nramp ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resistance-associated_macrophage_protein

The encoded protein is a transmembrane protein involved in the transport of small molecules. This protein can function to ... This gene encodes a member of the organic-cation transporter family. It is located in a gene cluster with another member of the ... Solute carrier family 22 member 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A13 gene. ... "The effects of genetic polymorphisms in the organic cation transporters OCT1, OCT2, and OCT3 on the renal clearance of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC22A13

Chen Y, Zhang S, Sorani M, Giacomini KM (2007). "Transport of paraquat by human organic cation transporters and multidrug and ... 2007). "The MATE proteins as fundamental transporters of metabolic and xenobiotic organic cations". Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 27 ( ... 2006). "A human transporter protein that mediates the final excretion step for toxic organic cations". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U ... Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1), also known as solute carrier family 47 member 1, is a protein that in humans ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multidrug_and_toxin_extrusion_protein_1

... cation exchangers or co-transport proteins). Stein collaborated with Felix Bronner, an authority on the physiology of calcium ... Cation occlusion is now considered an essential property of all ATP-driven cation pumps and also other coupled cation transport ... Intra-protein interactions across a fluid membrane as a model for biological transport. The Journal of general physiology 1969 ... Cotransport of salt and water in membrane proteins: membrane proteins as osmotic engines. J Membr Biol. 1994 Feb;137(3):179-95 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfred_Stein

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+- ... "A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration". Cell. 125 (4): ... Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP1A3 gene. ... "Entrez Gene: ATP1A3 ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 3 polypeptide". Papandreou A, Danti FR, Spaull R, Leuzzi V, Mctague A, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP1A3

The Cation:Proton Antiporter (CPA) Superfamily is a superfamily of transport proteins named after one of its constituent ... 2011). "Phylogenetic Characterization of Transport Protein Superfamilies: Superiority of SuperfamilyTree Programs over Those ... "Phylogeny as a guide to structure and function of membrane transport proteins". Molecular Membrane Biology. 21 (3): 171-181. ... As of April 2016, the CPA superfamily consists of four members: 2.A.37 - The Monovalent Cation:Proton Antiporter-2 (CPA2) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPA_superfamily

... but efficiency of transport for organic cations (e.g., tetraethylammonium) is very low. The transport efficiency for carnitine ... The first functional designation of this protein was OCTN1 ("organic cation transporter, novel, type 1"), ... The encoded protein is an integral protein of the plasma membrane containing 12 transmembrane segments. ... and pH-dependent transport of organic cations". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 289 (2): 768-73. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC22A4

... but the Ki for Mg2+ inhibition of this transport is currently unknown. The transport of other cations by the Alr1p protein was ... also showed that the protein could transport Zn2+ and Fe2+, but did not report on the capacity of the protein to transport ... The transport of Zn2+ by this protein may be as important as that of Mg2+. The table shows a comparison of the transport ... How the transport of Mg2+ by the protein is regulated was not determined. Currents were observed to pass through the protein in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_transporter

... and the C-terminal half of the protein is hydrophilic. It transports monovalent cations with the selectivity: K ≈ Rb ≈ Cs ≫ Li ... In terms of function, these proteins transport potassium (K+), with a greater tendency for K+ uptake than K+ export.[3] The ... Kir channels are formed from as homotetrameric membrane proteins. Each of the four identical protein subunits is composed of ... "Isolated human transporter proteins, nucleic acid molecules encoding human transporter proteins, and uses thereof", published ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inward-rectifier_potassium_ion_channel

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of ... The aminophospholipid translocases transport phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine from one side of a bilayer to ... This gene encodes the member 3 of the phospholipid-transporting ATPase 8B. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding ... The human gene ATP8B3 encodes the protein ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter, class I, type 8B, member 3. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP8B3

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of ... Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase VA also known as ATPase class V type 10A (ATP10A) or aminophospholipid translocase VA ... The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 5 (1): 31-9. doi ... The aminophospholipid translocases transport phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine from one side of a bilayer to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP10A

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+ - ... Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP1A4 gene. ... Na+/K+ -ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for establishing and maintaining the electrochemical gradients of Na ... These gradients are essential for osmoregulation, for sodium-coupled transport of a variety of organic and inorganic molecules ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP1A4

transmembrane transport. • calcium ion transport. • regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential. • embryonic ... Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit (also known as Cav1.2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by ... regulation of ion transmembrane transport. • ion transport. • calcium-mediated signaling using extracellular calcium source. • ... Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective Wikipedia articles. [§ 1] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cav1.2

... identified a protein that later became known as superoxide dismutase as an indophenol oxidase by protein analysis of starch ... In a series of such reactions, the oxidation state and the charge of the metal cation oscillates between n and n+1: +1 and +2 ... when it absorbs an excited electron released from compounds of the electron transport chain. Superoxide is known to denature ... SOD1 is an extremely stable protein. In the holo form (both copper and zinc bound) the melting point is , 90 °C. In the apo ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgotein

Distribution: When injected, pentamidine binds to tissues and proteins in the plasma. It accumulates in the kidney, liver, ... TCN-213; Cations: Hydrogen. *Magnesium. *Zinc; Alcohols/volatile anesthetics/related: Benzene. *Butane ... Pentamidine is brought into the mitochondria through carrier proteins, and the absence of these carriers prevents the drug from ... phospholipid and protein synthesis.[9][19] Pentamidine binds to adenine-thymine-rich regions of the Trypanosoma parasite DNA, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentamidine

This increases the reabsorption of divalent cations by secondary active transport. It is currently unknown why calcium ... More than 180 mutations of this transporter protein have been described.[1] This cell membrane protein participates in the ... A model of transport mechanisms in the distal convoluted tubule. Sodium chloride (NaCl) enters the cell via the apical thiazide ... These transport mechanisms play a role in familial hypokalemia-hypomagnesemia or Gitelman's syndrome. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitelman_syndrome

active transport. Transport of a substance (such as a protein or drug) across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient ... the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, and the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a ... A form of active transport in which a cell transports molecules such as proteins into the cell's interior by engulfing them in ... A form of active transport and bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules out of the cell by expelling them through an ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_biology

... anchored proteins: GPI-anchored proteins in liposomes and cells show similar behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... A major event in the budding of vesicles, such as transport carriers from the Golgi, is the creation and subsequent narrowing ... Thus in vitro, physiological changes in pH, temperature, and cation concentrations have strong effects on the membrane ... The roles of lysoPA, PA, and DAG in promoting membrane curvature do not preclude a role in recruiting proteins to the membrane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidic_acid

Contributions of protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions toward complex formation". The Journal of Biological ... ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport. • blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway. Sources:Amigo / QuickGO. ... The affinity of this protein for factor Xa is increased 1000-fold by the presence of protein Z, while it does not require ... protein binding. • serine-type peptidase activity. • serine-type endopeptidase activity. • phospholipid binding. • hydrolase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_X

Metabolizem, sinteza in aktivni transport[uredi , uredi kodo]. ATP se v celici porablja za procese, ki zahtevajo energijo ( ... Prisotnost magnezija zmanjša Kd ATP za vezavo na protein, ne da bi to vplivalo na sposobnost encima za katalizo reakcije, ko je ... Wilson J, Chin A (1991). "Chelation of divalent cations by ATP, studied by titration calorimetry". Anal Biochem 193 (1): 16-9. ... Lin X, Ayrapetov M, Sun G (2005). "Characterization of the interactions between the active site of a protein tyrosine kinase ...

https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenozin_trifosfat

... which contain residues that can be directly modified by a series of protein kinases and protein phosphatases, as well as ... The NMDA receptor is a non-specific cation channel that can allow the passage of Ca2+ and Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the ... This information is then transported to the nucleus. Phosphorylation of Jacob does not take place with extrasynaptic NMDA ... The NMDA receptor is a glutamate and ion channel protein receptor that is activated when glycine and glutamate bind to it.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMDA_receptor

Ethylene is perceived by a family of five transmembrane protein dimers such as the ETR1 protein in Arabidopsis. The genes ... Interference with auxin transport (with high auxin concentrations). *Inhibits shoot growth and stomatal closing except in some ... The effects of salinity have been studied on Arabidopsis plants that have mutated ERS1 and EIN4 proteins.[36] These proteins ... Central membrane proteins in plants, such as ETO2, ERS1 and EIN2, are used for ethylene signaling in many plant growth ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/اتیلن?match=en

The signaling molecules bind to proteins, which alters the protein.[3] A message is sent into the cell and a specific cellular ... passive transport or active transport.[dubious - discuss] The rate of passage depends on the pressure, concentration, and ... Other types of semipermeable membranes are cation exchange membrane (CEM), charge mosaic membrane (CMM), bipolar membrane (BPM ... A cell membrane consists of proteins and phospholipids.[2] Signaling molecules send chemical messages to the proteins in the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semipermeable_membrane

Membrane proteins, carrier proteins: membrane transport proteins solute carrier (TC 2A). By group ... mitochondrial transport. • thiamine pyrophosphate transport. • thiamine transmembrane transport. • transport. Sources:Amigo / ... deoxynucleotide transport. • transmembrane transport. • thiamine-containing compound metabolic process. • ... This membrane protein-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.. *v ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC25A19

With borane CO forms the adduct H3BCO, which is isoelectronic with the acetylium cation [H3CCO]+. CO reacts with sodium to give ... CooA is a carbon monoxide sensor protein.[45] The scope of its biological role is still unknown; it may be part of a signaling ... Due to its long lifetime in the mid-troposphere, carbon monoxide is also used as tracer of transport for pollutant plumes.[56] ... the nitrosonium cation and molecular nitrogen. In coordination complexes the carbon monoxide ligand is called carbonyl. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide

Transport properties Irisations Maths Applications Fun Surfactants. Micelles, HLB. Surface rheology, adsorption. Langmuir ... The cationic part is based on primary, secondary, or tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium cations. The anionic part can be ... Milder detergents such as octyl thioglucoside, octyl glucoside or dodecyl maltoside are used to solubilize membrane proteins ... This process maintains a matrix of proteins that preserves the structure of the organ and often the microvascular network. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant

"Molecular mechanism of SRP-dependent light-harvesting protein transport to the thylakoid membrane in plants". Photosynthesis ... it initially functions to generate a chemiosmotic potential by pumping proton cations (H+) across the membrane and into the ... In such proteins, the pigments are arranged to work together. Such a combination of proteins is also called a light-harvesting ... Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis (thylakoid membranes). microsecond to millisecond 4. Carbon fixation and export of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis

Protein kinase C activation[edit]. PIP2 cleavage to IP3 and DAG initiates intracellular calcium release and PKC activation. ... an activator of a subfamily of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) cation channels, TRPC3/6/7. ... Dietary sources of fatty acids, their digestion, absorption, transport in the blood and storage ... transport in the blood and storage for more detail.) Diacylglycerol is a precursor to triacylglycerol (triglyceride), which is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diglyceride

Bioavailability, chemotaxis, and transport of pollutants[edit]. Bioavailability, or the amount of a substance that is ... O'Loughlin et al. (2000)[8] showed that, with the exception of kaolinite clay, most soil clays and cation exchange resins ... it is necessary to consider various microorganisms having a variety of genomes and expressed transcripts and proteins. A great ... 2008). "Bioavailability, Chemotaxis, and Transport of Organic Pollutants". Microbial Biodegradation: Genomics and Molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_biodegradation

Transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) are a family proteins that associate with AMPA receptors and control ... NMDARs can open only when a depolarization from the AMPAR activation leads to repulsion of the Mg2+ cation out into the ... Once AMPA receptors are transported to the perisynaptic region through PKA or SAP97 phosphorylation, receptors are then ... parts of the protein that pass through the plasma membrane), proteins interacting with the subunit indicated that the N- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMPAR

Two broad classes of theories have emerged: (1) Changes in protein phosphorylation, gene expression, and protein translation ... MATs are able to transport monoamines other than their "native" neurotransmitter. It was advised to consider the role of the ... organic cation transporters (OCT) and the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT). To examine the role of monoamine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine_reuptake_inhibitor

In fission yeast this complex contains argonaute, a chromodomain protein Chp1, and a protein called Tas3 of unknown function.[ ... However, transporting siRNA across the cell membrane still has its own unique challenges. If siRNA is transferred across the ... end of the RNA strand enters a conserved basic surface pocket and makes contacts through a divalent cation (an atom with two ... This ancestral RNAi system probably contained at least one dicer-like protein, one argonaute, one PIWI protein, and an RNA- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_interference

"Evaluation of nuclear criticality safety data and limits for actinides in transport" (PDF). Institut de radioprotection et de ... the solutions of thorium salts are dominated by this cation.[55] The Th4+ ion is the largest of the tetrapositive actinide ions ... "Engineered Recognition of Tetravalent Zirconium and Thorium by Chelator-Protein Systems: Toward Flexible Radiotherapy and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium

... multiple simultaneous interactions with the transport protein at this level might significantly retard the ion in the transport ... Once in the cytoplasmic space of root cells Mg2+, along with the other cations, is probably transported radially into the stele ... ProteinsEdit. The Mg2+ ion tends to bind only weakly to proteins (Ka ≤ 105[46]) and this can be exploited by the cell to switch ... To date, only the ZntA protein of Paramecium has been shown to be a Mg2+ channel.[66] The mechanisms of Mg2+ transport by the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_magnesium

Protein characterizationEdit. Main article: Protein mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry is an important method for the ... Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) sources are used primarily for cation analysis of a wide array of sample types. In this source ... The ions are then transported by magnetic or electric fields to the mass analyzer. ... The top-down approach however is largely limited to low-throughput single-protein studies. In the second, proteins are ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometer

Two members of the SLC gene family of transporter proteins, SLC19A2 and SLC19A3, are capable of the thiamine transport.[18] In ... Skeletal formula and ball-and-stick model of the cation in thiamine ... Bound to serum proteinsEdit. The majority of thiamine in serum is bound to proteins, mainly albumin. Approximately 90% of total ... A specific binding protein called thiamine-binding protein (TBP) has been identified in rat serum and is believed to be a ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamin

... nitrate anions are often consumed rapidly by plants to form proteins, leaving an excess of cations in solution.[8] This cation ... Too much and the plant will be unable to access oxygen; too little and the plant will lose the ability to transport nutrients, ... Coir has a high cation exchange, meaning it can store unused minerals to be released to the plant as and when it requires it. ... Unlike soil, hydroponic nutrient solutions do not have cation-exchange capacity (CEC) from clay particles or organic matter. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroponics

However, proteases do not catalyse the hydrolysis of all kinds of proteins. Their action is stereo-selective: Only proteins ... a b Baes, C.F.; Mesmer, R.E. The Hydrolysis of Cations, (1976), Wiley, New York ... and the active transport of ions and molecules across cell membranes. The energy derived from the oxidation of nutrients is not ... Therefore, proteins that do not fit into the crevice will not undergo hydrolysis. This specificity preserves the integrity of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolysation

It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na+. and hydroxide anions OH−. . ... It also hydrolyzes the proteins such as those found in hair which may block water pipes. These reactions are sped by the heat ... In 1986, an aluminium road tanker in the UK was mistakenly used to transport 25% sodium hydroxide solution,[24] causing ... It can dissolve grease, oils, fats and protein-based deposits. It is also used for cleaning waste discharge pipes under sinks ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E524

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators • Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators ... Protein binding. 50 to 83%[2]. Metabolism. Liver[2]. Elimination half-life. 5.6 hours[3]. ... TCN-213; Cations: Hydrogen. *Magnesium. *Zinc; Alcohols/volatile anesthetics/related: Benzene. *Butane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Acetylcysteine

protein binding. • actin binding. • calcium channel activity. • cation channel activity. • protein homodimerization activity. • ... cation transport. • ion transport. • single fertilization. • platelet activation. • positive regulation of ion transmembrane ... Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6, also known as TRPC6, is a human gene encoding a protein of ... manganese ion transport. • cellular response to hypoxia. • calcium ion transport. • cellular response to hydrogen peroxide. • ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPC6

The initial sequencing was reported as an unknown protein enriched in the cerebellum called P400.[5] The large size of this ... and soon thereafter it was confirmed that the protein p400 was in fact the inositol trisphosphate receptor.[6] ... "Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding P400 protein in the mouse cerebellum". Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (13): 5385-6. doi:10.1093/ ... "Primary structure and functional expression of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-binding protein P400". Nature. 342 (6245): 32- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inositol_trisphosphate_receptor

cation-transporting ATPase [Mycobacterium leprae Br4923]. * Record removed. The sequence YP_002503980 is 100% identical to WP_ ... that encode that identical protein.. Old YP_002503980.1 New WP_010908670.1 Identical proteins Re-annotation project ... Be aware that a NCBI nonredundant RefSeq protein (WP_) can be annotated on large numbers of bacterial genomes ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/221230564

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_cation_transport_protein

... calcium-transporting ATPase activity, cellular calcium ion homeostasis ... Protein-protein interaction databases. STRING: functional protein association networks. More...STRINGi. 10090. ... Protein-protein interaction databases. STRING: functional protein association networks. More...STRINGi. 10090. ... Probable cation-transporting ATPase 13A5Add BLAST. 1216. Amino acid modifications. Feature key. Position(s). DescriptionActions ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q3TYU2

... to allow unambiguous identification of a protein.,p>,a href=/help/protein_names target=_top>More...,/a>,/p>Protein namesi. ... Protein. Similar proteins. Organisms. Length. Cluster ID. Cluster name. Size. Q8F8G3. A0A0F6H897. Leptospira interrogans str. ... Protein. Similar proteins. Organisms. Length. Cluster ID. Cluster name. Size. Q8F8G3. I1XMH2. A0A1I4DNL7. A0A0E4CUC5. ... Protein. Similar proteins. Organisms. Length. Cluster ID. Cluster name. Size. Q8F8G3. A0A0C5X7M5. UPI0003454B32. UPI000773B3F2 ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8F8G3

Active transport governed by transport proteins plays an important role in this process. A vast number of transport proteins ... The liver-specific organic cation transport protein (OCT1; SLC22A1) transports several cationic drugs including the ... In addition, the gene and protein expression of transport proteins in cell lines, widely used for predictions of drug transport ... Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1. Ahlin, Gustav ...

http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?faces-redirect=true&language=no&searchType=SIMPLE&query=&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&pid=diva2%3A127485&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=all

These methyl-CpG binding proteins (MBPs) have key biological roles and can be classified into three structural families: methyl ... Mitoferrin 1 and mitoferrin 2, two homologues proteins belonging to the mitochondrial solute carrier family, are required for ... Ascorbic acid offsets the inhibitory effect of bioactive dietary polyphenolic compounds on transepithelial iron transport in ... hypothesised that hyperthermia increases cisplatin accumulation and efficacy by modulating function of copper transport protein ...

http://isharonline.org/tags/cation-transport-proteins

"Organic Cation Transport Proteins" by people in this website by year, and whether "Organic Cation Transport Proteins" was a ... A family of proteins involved in the transport of organic cations. They play an important role in the elimination of a variety ... "Organic Cation Transport Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ... Organic Cation Transport Proteins*Organic Cation Transport Proteins. *Membrane Transport-Proteins, Organic Cation ...

https://profiles.ucdenver.edu/display/199102

... recombinant protein product: The ctpA ctpa (Catalog #MBS1229137) is a Recombinant Protein produced from E Coli or Yeast or ... Blog on Cation-transporting P-type ATPase A (ctpA) ... Cation-transporting P-type ATPase A (ctpA); Cation-transporting ... Cation-transporting P-type ATPase A (ctpA) recombinant protein product blog Tags: Recombinant Protein; ... The ctpA ctpa (Catalog #MBS1229137) is a Recombinant Protein produced from E Coli or Yeast or Baculovirus or Mammalian Cell and ...

https://rec.mybiosource.com/cation-transporting-p-type-atpase-a-ctpa-recombinant-protein_1229137

2A0119; cation transport protein. RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Updated Annotation Release 109. The following ... MFS proteins facilitate the transport across cytoplasmic or internal membranes of a variety of .... TIGR00898. Location:4 → 359 ... MFS proteins facilitate the transport across cytoplasmic or internal membranes of a variety of .... TIGR00898. Location:11 → ... MFS proteins facilitate the transport across cytoplasmic or internal membranes of a variety of .... TIGR00898. Location:11 → ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/387601

Cation Transport Proteins / genetics* * Cation Transport Proteins / metabolism * Cation Transport Proteins / physiology* ... SLC11A2 also transports iron into the cytosol across the membrane of endocytotic vesicles of the transferrin receptor-cycle. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23506870/

... natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins) have been characterized in mammals as divalent transition metal transporters ... Carrier Proteins / genetics * Carrier Proteins / metabolism* * Cation Transport Proteins* * Cloning, Molecular * DNA, Bacterial ... Monovalent cations, osmotic strength, Mg2+ and Ca2+ did not inhibit 54Mn2+ uptake. Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ inhibited uptake with ... Both S. typhimurium and E. coli MntH also transport 55Fe2+ however, the Kms are equivalent to the Kis for Fe2+ inhibition of ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10844693/?dopt=Abstract

IPR004749 Organic cation transport protein/SVOP. IPR005829 Sugar transporter, conserved site. Molecular. Reagents ... J:47780 Koehler MR, et al., The two human organic cation transporter genes SLC22A1 and SLC22A2 are located on chromosome 6q26. ... J:236752 Sprowl JA, et al., A phosphotyrosine switch regulates organic cation transporters. Nat Commun. 2016 Mar 16;7:10880 ... No significant defects in the renal secretion of a model organic cation are observed. ...

http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:1335072

... impaired Na-dependent carnitine transport, fatty liver, hypoglycemia, high postnatal mortality, and male infertility. ... Protein Ontology. PR:000014992 solute carrier family 22 member 5. (term hierarchy) ...

http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:1329012

Cation Transport Proteins • Chlorophyta • Chytridiomycota • Classification • Cluster Analysis • Computational Biology • ... and two protein-coding genes, Mycologia, vol. 98 no. 6 (2006), pp. 1090-1103, ISSN 0027-5514 [17486983] [abs] *Paoletti, M; ... Fungal Proteins • Fungi • Gene Expression • Gene Rearrangement • Gene Transfer, Horizontal • Genes, Fungal • Genes, Mating Type ...

https://fds.duke.edu/db/aas/Herbarium/francois.lutzoni

... potassium uptake protein, TrkH FT family; PFAM: Cation transport protein; TIGRFAM: potassium FT uptake protein, TrkH family" FT ... "potassium uptake protein, TrkH family" FT /EC_number="3.6.3.14" FT /note="COGs: COG0168 Trk-type K+ transport systems membrane ... transporting two-sector ATPase; SPTR: Q1IY06 K+ FT transporter Trk; TIGRFAM: ... FT components; InterPro IPR004772:IPR003445; KEGG: FT dge:Dgeo_1583 K+ transporter trk; PFAM: cation transporter; FT PRIAM: H ...

http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/cgi-bin/acnuc-search-pe?query=CP002049.PE239&db=EMBL&ident=ACNUC30630

0/Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; 0/Antihypertensive Agents; 0/Cation Transport Proteins; 0/DNA-Binding Proteins; 0/ERG protein, human ... Cation Transport Proteins*. DNA-Binding Proteins*. Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels. Guinea Pigs. Heart / drug effects*. Heart ... 0/ERG1 potassium channel; 0/Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; 0/Imidazoles; 0/KCNA5 protein, human; 0/KCNH6 protein, human; 0/ ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Losartan-its-metabolite-E3174-modify/10715269.html

0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Blood Proteins); 0 (Cation Transport Proteins); 0 (Hepcidins); 0 (Neuroprotective Agents); 0 ( ... metal transporting protein 1); 0 (solute carrier family 11- (proton-coupled divalent metal ion transporters), member 2); ... Overall, our study demonstrated that EGCG regulated the iron-export protein ferroportin in substantia nigra, reduced oxidative ... 0 (Interferon Type I); 0 (Nr4a1 protein, mouse); 0 (Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1); 0 (Phenylacetates); 0 ( ...

http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&nextAction=lnk&base=MEDLINE&lang=p&format=detailed.pft&indexSearch=EX&exprSearch=D02.241.223.601

Members of the Rh glycoprotein family have been shown to be involved in ammonia transport in a variety of species. Here we show ... 0/Cation Transport Proteins; 0/RNA, Messenger; 0/Rhcg1 protein, zebrafish; 0/Zebrafish Proteins; 147336-22-9/Green Fluorescent ... Cation Transport Proteins / chemistry, genetics*, metabolism*. Gene Expression Regulation. Gills / cytology*. Green Fluorescent ... Protein Transport. RNA, Messenger / genetics, metabolism. Water / chemistry. Yolk Sac / cytology*. Zebrafish. Zebrafish ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Localization-ammonia-transporter-Rhcg1-in/17686885.html

Organic Cation Transport Proteins); 0 (SLCO1A2 protein, human); 0 (Slco1b2 protein, mouse); 80168379AG (Doxorubicin). ... 0 (Organic Anion Transport Protein 1); 0 (Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent); 0 (organic anion transport protein 3 ... 0 (ABCC4 protein, human); 0 (Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins); 0 (Organic Anion Transport Protein 1); 0 (Organic Anion ... 0 (CCL2 protein, human); 0 (Chemokine CCL2); 0 (Cresols); 0 (Organic Anion Transport Protein 1); 0 (Organic Anion Transporters ...

http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&nextAction=lnk&base=MEDLINE&lang=p&format=detailed.pft&indexSearch=EX&exprSearch=D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.781

Here, we offer a rationale for charged S-layer proteins in the context of the structural evolution of S-layers. Using the ... Despite exceptional sequence diversity, S-layer proteins (SLPs) share important characteristics such as their ability to form ... How, then, would cation-selective nanopores transport nitrite, the metabolic end product of AOA [22], out of the PPS? ... Nutrient transport suggests an evolutionary basis for charged archaeal surface layer proteins. *Po-Nan Li ORCID: orcid.org/0000 ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41396-018-0191-0?error=cookies_not_supported&code=31e08504-8ba4-4ce2-823f-f4f0b2c8e4f1

Protein Coding), ATPase Cation Transporting 13A2, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression ... Protein Symbol:. Q9NQ11-AT132_HUMAN. Recommended name:. Cation-transporting ATPase 13A2. Protein Accession:. Q9NQ11. Secondary ... Probable cation-transporting ATPase 13A2) ELISA and Immunotag™ Probable cation-transporting ATPase 13A2 ELISA Kit ... ATP13A2 (ATPase Cation Transporting 13A2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with ATP13A2 include Kufor-Rakeb ...

https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=ATP13A2

Antibodies for proteins involved in nickel cation transmembrane transport pathways, according to their Panther/Gene Ontology ... Antibodies for proteins involved in nickel cation transmembrane transport pathways; according to their Panther/Gene Ontology ...

https://www.thermofisher.com/antibody/primary/panther/nickel%20cation%20transmembrane%20transport

This protein acts as a channel, transporting positively charged atoms (cations) into cells. Learn about this gene and related ... The TRPM1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member ... This protein acts as a channel, transporting positively charged atoms (cations) into cells. The TRPM1 channel is found on the ... The TRPM1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/trpm1/

Lithium is a non-protein-bound cation and is transported mainly by electromigration. As it is a small ion with high mobility ... High protein binding can hinder analyte extraction. Because a noninvasive tool to monitor glycemia in diabetic patients would ... The mechanisms of drug transport are based on electromigration of charged molecules and/or electroosmosis (1). As iontophoresis ...

https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Noninvasive+lithium+monitoring-a0209353335

It also induces heat shock proteins. Transported through organic cation transporter. Thus it could act on apical membrane and ... Zoltan: We use timer to activate certain proteins at a time. Every single process is timed. Repressilator!! ...

https://2010.igem.org/Team:Newcastle/Agendas/1_February_2010

SH protein of 44 aas and 1 C-terminal TMS. Transports monovalent cations (Hyser and Estes 2015).. ...

https://tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=1.A.103.1.2

Carrier Proteins/metabolism*. *Cation Transport Proteins*. *Intracellular Membranes/drug effects/metabolism*. *Iron-Binding ... suggesting that divalent metal transport through Nramp1 is H(+) dependent.Such cations are likely essential for microbial ... suggesting that divalent metal transport through Nramp1 is H(+) dependent.Such cations are likely essential for microbial ... Quenching of the probe by Mn(2+) was used to monitor the flux of divalent cations across the phagosomal membrane in peritoneal ...

https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC2193348_JEM000948.f1&req=4

We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their ... InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites ... Protein name. Species. Domain architecture. A0A0P0X004 Cation-transporting ATPase HMA5. Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (Rice). ... Potassium-transporting ATPase ATP-binding subunit. Listeria welshimeri serovar 6b (strain ATCC 35897 / DSM 20650 / SLCC5334). ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/ISignatureProteins?sig=PS00154&query=P

Renal handling also involves tubular reabsorption, probably mediated by cation transport proteins. The renal elimination rate ... About 45% of memantine is bound to plasma-proteins.. Biotransformation: In man, about 80% of the circulating memantine-related ... quinine and nicotine that use the same renal cationic transport system as amantadine may also possibly interact with memantine ...

https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/7181/smpc

Hence, other proteins known to transport cations were considered, and SERT was chosen for further investigation for reasons ... The other choline transport proteins, CTL1-5, which are highly expressed in the intestine, are not inhibited by HC3 at 1 µM (IC ... 2009) Transport of dicationic drugs pentamidine and furamidine by human organic cation transporters. Drug Metab Dispos 37:424- ... 1). This finding is highly significant in that it rules out metformin transport by one of the most highly expressed AP cation- ...

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/352/3/519

Solute carrier 11A1 (SLC11A1) is a divalent ion transporter formerly known as the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP1) and the Bcg/Lsh/Ity locus. (isharonline.org)
Gasser PJ, Lowry CA. Organic cation transporter 3: A cellular mechanism underlying rapid, non-genomic glucocorticoid regulation of monoaminergic neurotransmission, physiology, and behavior. (ucdenver.edu)
Metformin Accumulation Correlates with Organic Cation Transporter 2 Protein Expression and Predicts Mammary Tumor Regression In Vivo. (ucdenver.edu)
Novel slc22 transporter homologs in fly, worm, and human clarify the phylogeny of organic anion and cation transporters. (nih.gov)
The two human organic cation transporter genes SLC22A1 and SLC22A2 are located on chromosome 6q26. (jax.org)
Transported through organic cation transporter. (igem.org)
Natural resistance to intracellular infections: natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) functions as a pH-dependent manganese transporter at the phagosomal membrane. (nih.gov)
To define whether Nramp1 functions as a transporter at the phagosomal membrane, a divalent cation-sensitive fluorescent probe was designed and covalently attached to a porous particle. (nih.gov)
The SLC22A5 gene codes for a plasma integral membrane protein which functions as both an organic cation transporter and a sodium-dependent high affinity carnitine transporter. (wikipedia.org)
CNRZ397-derived mutants were all deficient for glucose, fructose, and mannose utilization, indicating that these three sugars are probably transported via a unique mannose-specific-enzyme-II-like transporter. (asm.org)
Uptake and distribution of cationic nutrients mainly relies on membrane-localized cation transporter proteins. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Han TK, Everett RS, Proctor WR et al (2013) Organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1/mOct1) is localized in the apical membrane of Caco-2 cell monolayers and enterocytes. (springer.com)
A membrane transport protein (or simply transporter ) is a protein involved in the movement of ions , small molecules, or macromolecules, such as another protein across a biological membrane . (wikidoc.org)
The uniporter is also often included as a category of chemiosmotic transporter, although a uniporter can also be considered a facilitated diffusion protein on the basis of function. (wikidoc.org)
The S. pombe protein may be structurally related to the unknown human pyridoxine transporter, which is also inhibited by amiloride. (asm.org)
The encoded protein is an organic cation transporter and plasma integral membrane protein containing eleven putative transmembrane domains as well as a nucleotide-binding site motif. (abnova.com)
Regulation of human organic anion transporter 1 by ANG II: involvement of protein kinase Calpha. (semanticscholar.org)
Protein kinase C activation downregulates human organic anion transporter 1-mediated transport through carrier internalization. (semanticscholar.org)

This family of proteins can also transport zwitterions and anions, though it is a different subfamily of solute carrier proteins than the organic anion transporters. (wikipedia.org)
NRAMPs (natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins) have been characterized in mammals as divalent transition metal transporters involved in iron metabolism and host resistance to certain pathogens. (nih.gov)
A phosphotyrosine switch regulates organic cation transporters. (jax.org)
The organic anion-transporting polypeptides represent an important family of drug uptake transporters that mediate the cellular uptake of a broad range of substrates including numerous drugs. (bireme.br)
Here, we investigated the role of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) transporters to the disposition of doxorubicin. (bireme.br)
Interestingly, transwell assays using Madin-Darby canine kidney II cell line cells stably expressing specific uptake and/or efflux transporters revealed that OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP1A2, either alone or in combination with MDR1, significantly transported doxorubicin. (bireme.br)
Such polyspecific organic cation transporters in the liver, kidney, intestine, and other organs are critical for the elimination of many endogenous small organic cations as well as a wide array of drugs and environmental toxins. (wikipedia.org)
Characterization of PTS transporters is of interest since (i) PTS sugars are often preferred carbon sources, and (ii) PTS enzymes like HPr exert regulatory functions affecting the catabolism of other sugars via a control of transport and/or glycolytic activities ( 15 , 31 ). (asm.org)
As anti-malarials are generally positively charged at physiological pH, they are likely to interact with human organic cation transporters 1 and 2 (OCT1 and OCT2). (biomedcentral.com)
Here, the interaction with organic cation transporters was studied, as anti-malarials are positively charged at physiological pH. (biomedcentral.com)
The most striking characteristics associated with H. werneckii are the large genetic redundancy, the expansion of genes encoding metal cation transporters, and a relatively recent whole genome duplication. (frontiersin.org)
Cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) proteins are a conserved family of transmembrane transporters that ensure cellular homeostasis of divalent transition metal cations. (bioportfolio.com)
Abstract BACKGROUND: Solute carriers (SLCs), in particular organic cation transporters (OCTs), have been implicated in the cellular uptake of platinum-containing anticancer compounds. (eur.nl)
both of these latter proteins are members of a growing family of prokaryotic zinc transporters. (asm.org)
Structure of renal organic anion and cation transporters. (semanticscholar.org)
Quantitative interactome data demonstrated the spatial proximity of two metal ion transporters of the ZIP family, ZIP6 and ZIP10, to mammalian prion proteins in vivo. (scienceblogs.com)
However, another explanation suggests that point-mutated AE1 could regulate a cation leak through other transporters. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, the transport features of some of these AE1 mutants lead to another interpretation, that is, cation leak is due to the activation of endogenous Na + and K + transporters (or channels) in red cell membrane by mutated AE1 [ 23 , 24 , 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
Renal tumours in a Tsc1+/- mouse model show epigenetic suppression of organic cation transporters Slc22a1, Slc22a2 and Slc22a3, and do not respond to metformin. (ox.ac.uk)
Metformin, a substrate of several poly-specific organic cation transporters, is a widely used biguanide for the treatment of type II diabetes. (ox.ac.uk)
Surprisingly, the expression of the organic cation transporters Slc22a1, Slc22a2 and Slc22a3 essential for the cellular uptake of metformin was highly suppressed in renal tumours. (ox.ac.uk)
These data suggest that the epigenetic suppression of the organic cation transporters in Tsc-associated mouse renal tumours may contribute to the lack of response to metformin treatment. (ox.ac.uk)
The yeast Alr1 and Alr2 proteins were the first eukaryotic Mg transporters identified. (genetics.org)

ATP13A2 (ATPase Cation Transporting 13A2) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include nucleotide binding and cation-transporting ATPase activity . (genecards.org)
ATPase that plays a role in intracellular cation homeostasis and the maintenance of neuronal integrity (PubMed:22186024). (genecards.org)
Auf www.antikoerper-online.de finden Sie aktuell 88 ATPase, Ca++ Transporting, Type 2C, Member 1 (ATP2C1) Antikörper von 22 unterschiedlichen Herstellern. (antikoerper-online.de)
The membrane spanning component changes configuration with the aid of chemical energy input (often through the use of an associated ATPase protein), thus translocating the chemical from one side of the membrane to the other. (wikidoc.org)
It binds and transports cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. (bioportfolio.com)
Functional studies of various Cu + -ATPases have characterized the Cu + transport, Cu + -dependent ATPase activity, phosphorylation, and dephosphorylation partial reactions ( 5 , 13 ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ - 19 ). (pnas.org)
Catalytic component of a P4-ATPase flippase complex which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled to the transport of aminophospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of various membranes and ensures the maintenance of asymmetric distribution of phospholipids. (nih.gov)
17 ) have shown that NH 4 + is transported by the colonic H + /K + -ATPase of the rat expressed in Xenopus oocytes. (physiology.org)

The extracellular domain is homologous to the repeating units (of approximately 147 AA) of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor. (abcam.com)
Orthologous to human M6PR (mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent). (mcw.edu)

Mutations at the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) locus cause susceptibility to infection with antigenically unrelated intracellular pathogens. (nih.gov)
To explore the potential role of natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene, vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, (human leukocyte antigen, (HLA-DRB1) HLA)-DRB1 gene, and HLA-DQB1 gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) in the Chinese Kazakh population. (cdc.gov)

In addition, the gene and protein expression of transport proteins in cell lines, widely used for predictions of drug transport and metabolism, was examined. (diva-portal.org)
The causative genes have implicated proteins with diverse functions such as protein misfolding ( HSPB1, HSPB8, BSCL2 ), RNA metabolism ( IGHMBP2, SETX, GARS ), axonal transport ( HSPB1, DYNC1H1, DCTN1 ) and cation-channel dysfunction ( ATP7A and TRPV4 ) in motor-nerve disease. (bmj.com)
In contrast, upregulation of proteins related to cardiac metabolism occurs at later time points. (ugent.be)

This gene encodes a member of the P5 subfamily of ATPases which transports inorganic cations as well as other substrates. (genecards.org)
The predicted protein encoded by the RAN1 gene is similar to the Wilson and Menkes disease proteins and yeast Ccc2 protein, which are integral membrane cation-transporting P-type ATPases involved in copper trafficking. (plantcell.org)
Other systems, such as copper transport ATPases and metallothionein cation-binding proteins, are only known from chromosomal genes. (wikigenes.org)
Some of the efflux systems are ATPases and others are chemiosmotic cation/proton antiporters. (wikigenes.org)
As in other P-type ATPases, metal binding to transmembrane metal-binding sites (TM-MBS) in Cu + -ATPases is required for enzyme phosphorylation and subsequent transport. (pnas.org)
However, Cu + does not access Cu + -ATPases in a free (hydrated) form but is bound to a chaperone protein. (pnas.org)
These data are consistent with a model where MBDs serve a regulatory function without participating in metal transport and the chaperone delivers Cu + directly to transmembrane transport sites of Cu + -ATPases. (pnas.org)
The Cu + -ATPases transport cycle follows the classical E1/E2 Albers-Post model ( 10 ⇓ - 12 ). (pnas.org)
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of aminophospholipid-transporting ATPases. (nih.gov)

The genes are designated mntH because the two enterobacterial NRAMPs encode H+-stimulated, highly selective manganese(II) transport systems, accounting for all Mn2+ uptake in each species under the conditions tested. (nih.gov)
In contrast, the genome of W. ichthyophaga is very compact, as only 4884 protein-coding genes are predicted, which cover almost three quarters of the sequence. (frontiersin.org)
5) Each step is characterized by a different repertoire of G protein-coupled receptors, with five nucleotide receptors as novel M2-associated genes. (jimmunol.org)
A genetic screen in search of mutations in protein kinase-encoding genes able to suppress multiple phenotypic traits caused by the ptc1 deletion yielded a single gene, MKK1 , coding for a MAPK kinase (MAPKK) known to activate the cell-wall integrity (CWI) Slt2 MAPK. (genetics.org)
The three pairs of SNZ - SNO genes present in S. cerevisiae have a divergent orientation and have a promoter in common, allowing coordinated synthesis of the proteins, which are known to form a multimeric complex ( 5 , 9 , 30 , 32 ). (asm.org)
Immediately after the induction of σ H , genes belonging to the functional categories "virulence/detoxification" and "regulatory proteins" were induced in large numbers. (asm.org)
σ H directs the transcription of 31 genes, including those which encode extracytoplasmic function σ factors σ E and σ B and proteins involved in the maintenance of intrabacterial reducing capacity ( 25 , 30 ). (asm.org)
The level of sequence homology and the presence of prion protein genes in most chordate species place the split from the ZIP-like ancestor gene at the base of the chordate lineage. (scienceblogs.com)

Monovalent cations, osmotic strength, Mg2+ and Ca2+ did not inhibit 54Mn2+ uptake. (nih.gov)
Transports monovalent cations ( Hyser and Estes 2015 ). (tcdb.org)
The 6K viroporin transports monovalent cations and Ca 2+ ( Hyser and Estes 2015 ). (tcdb.org)
Ion channels that are regulated by cyclic GMP or cyclic AMP binding and contain six transmembrane segments and an ion conducting pore that passes monovalent cations. (harvard.edu)

Organic Cation Transport Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)

Contribution of Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptides 1A/1B to Doxorubicin Uptake and Clearance. (bireme.br)
Some porins are cation-selective, others are anion-selective and still others are selective for specific compounds (e.g., sugars, nucleotides, phosphate, pyrophosphate). (tcdb.org)
β-barrel membrane proteins perform a variety of functions, such as mediating non-specific, passive transport of ions and small molecules, selectively passing molecules like maltose and sucrose, and can form voltage dependent anion channels. (tcdb.org)
Protein kinase C regulation of organic anion transport in renal proximal tubule. (semanticscholar.org)
Missense mutations in the erythroid band 3 protein (Anion Exchanger 1) have been associated with hereditary stomatocytosis. (hindawi.com)
Band 3 or anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is the major red cell membrane protein. (hindawi.com)

The molecular architecture of a 2D crystalline protein barrier with nano-scale pores necessarily affects the diffusion behavior of low-concentration solutes even if they are significantly smaller than the pore size [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. (nature.com)
Secondly, we have been investigating the molecular determinants that help to define the functionality of opsin proteins. (wpi.edu)
The group of Henrik Dimke is part of the Epithelial Transport Section at the Cardiovascular and Renal Research unit , situated at the Department of Molecular Medicine at the University of Southern Denmark . (sdu.dk)
In particular, we aim to understand the molecular regulation of divalent cation transport proteins such as the epithelial channels TRPV5 and TRPM6, which play key roles in renal Ca2+ and Mg2+ transport as well as the paracellular pore forming claudins. (sdu.dk)
To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms involved in maintaining mineral balance, with special focus on the transport of the divalent cations calcium and magnesium in intestine and kidney, we have set up several approaches to study these specific areas utilizing various complex targeted transgenic strategies, histological and molecular biological techniques as well as human kidney isolates. (sdu.dk)
It has been proposed that the molecular mechanism accounting for cation leaky red cells in these hereditary stomatocytoses was a change in AE1 transport properties induced by the point mutations. (hindawi.com)

SLC22A1) transports several cationic drugs including the antidiabetic drug metformin and the anticancer agents oxaliplatin and imatinib. (diva-portal.org)

Be aware that a NCBI nonredundant RefSeq protein (WP_) can be annotated on large numbers of bacterial genomes that encode that identical protein. (nih.gov)
Three factors have made study of zinc transport in bacteria difficult, including the extremely low bacterial requirement for zinc, the nonspecific binding of zinc to bacterial surfaces, and the rapid exchange of zinc between intracellular and extracellular compartments. (asm.org)

Despite the central role of this protein in cellular homeostasis, the mechanism of cation transport is not well understood. (wpi.edu)
Therefore, protein phosphatases (PPases) are important regulators of protein kinases and cellular homeostasis. (genetics.org)
suggesting that both prokaryotic and eukaryotic MIT proteins can respond directly to the cytosolic or matrix Mg concentration to promote homeostasis. (genetics.org)

We hypothesised that hyperthermia increases cisplatin accumulation and efficacy by modulating function of copper transport protein 1 (Ctr1), a major regulator of cellular cisplatin uptake. (isharonline.org)
Both S. typhimurium and E. coli MntH also transport 55Fe2+ however, the Kms are equivalent to the Kis for Fe2+ inhibition of Mn2+ uptake, and are thus too high to be physiologically relevant. (nih.gov)
This protein is involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. (wikipedia.org)
The encoded protein is involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine, transporting one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. (wikipedia.org)
By some definitions, proteins that catalyze the ligation of phosphate or coenzyme groups to a catabolized chemical can be considered active transport proteins in that they drive the uptake of a chemical by maintaining a steep functional concentration gradient . (wikidoc.org)
H(+)-stimulated, divalent metal cation uptake system. (rcsb.org)

Investigation of drug-drug interactions at the transport protein level are therefore of increasing interest to the academic, industrial and regulatory research communities. (diva-portal.org)
The substrate and inhibitor heterogeneity of many transport proteins makes it difficult to foresee whether the transport proteins will cause drug-drug interactions. (diva-portal.org)
The highly polymorphic nature of some transport proteins has been shown to affect drug response and may lead to an increased risk of drug-drug interactions, and therefore, the OCT1 in vitro assay was used to study the effect of common genetic variants of OCT1 on drug inhibition and drug-drug interactions. (diva-portal.org)
In vitro assays for two of the highest expressed liver transport proteins were used to identify previously unknown SLC transport protein inhibitors and to develop predictive in silico models, which may detect previously known drug-drug interactions and enable new ones to be identified at the transport protein level. (diva-portal.org)
The pathway maps illustrate protein interactions and regulation to provide a comprehensive picture of signaling and disease processes. (bio-rad.com)
Tannins, proteins, and divalent cations interactions are important for many processes in the food industry and human and animal nutrition and health. (bioportfolio.com)
Asymmetric interactions of ATP with the AAA+ ClpX6 unfoldase: allosteric control of a protein machine. (umassmed.edu)
and delineating the nature of interactions among various membrane proteins and between proteins and lipids. (bloodjournal.org)
Here, we examine the protein-protein interactions required for regulation of an Aplysia bag cell neuron cation channel by a closely associated protein kinase C (PKC). (jneurosci.org)
These data suggest that the cation channel-PKC association may require SH3 domain-mediated interactions to bring about modulation, promote membrane depolarization, and initiate prolonged changes in bag cell neuron excitability. (jneurosci.org)
In general, protein-protein interactions between ion channels and protein kinases may be a prominent mechanism underlying neuromodulation. (jneurosci.org)
The colocalization and targeting of kinases to ion channels requires a means of orchestrating protein-protein interactions. (jneurosci.org)
In the present work, we investigate the interactions between a cation channel, which is responsible for prolonged changes in Aplysia bag cell neuron excitability, and a closely associated kinase. (jneurosci.org)
To determine whether the association between the kinase and the cation channel involves specific forms of protein-protein interactions, we have tested the ability of different interaction domains and motifs to interfere with the functional link between channel and kinase in excised, inside-out patches. (jneurosci.org)
Our data indicate that the cation channel-kinase "association" requires src homology 3 (SH3) domain protein-protein interactions, and that disruption of this interaction prevents channel modulation and attenuates the long-lasting depolarization produced by cation channel activation. (jneurosci.org)
1 Interactions of TLE1 and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) are involved with inflammatory bowel disease. (bmj.com)
No yeast two-hybrid interactions found for this protein. (yeastrc.org)

As the substrate of both hOAT1 and hOAT3, the methotrexate transport was significantly inhibited by RAG in hOAT1 transfected cells at 50 M and hOAT3 transfected cells at 1 M by 69% and 87%, respectively. (bireme.br)
Amodiaquine, proguanil, pyrimethamine and quinine were the most potent inhibitors of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)- N -methylpyridinium iodide (ASP) transport, a known substrate of OCT1/2, resulting in half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 ) of 11, 13, 1.6, and 3.4 µM, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)

LbtU is an outer membrane protein consisting of a 16-stranded transmembrane β-barrel, multiple extracellular domains, and short periplasmic tails. (tcdb.org)
Additionally, the data showed that the C terminus of BabA, which is predicted to encode an outer membrane β-barrel domain, plays an essential role in the biogenesis of this protein. (asm.org)
The bacterium can bind to gastric epithelial cells with specialized outer membrane proteins. (asm.org)
The H. pylori genome encodes a large number of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) ( 6 ). (asm.org)

Metal binding to the dynamic cytoplasmic domain of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) protein MamM induces a 'locked-in' configuration. (bioportfolio.com)
8] "Two different zinc transport complexes of cation diffusion facilitator proteins localized in the secretory pathway operate to activate alkaline phosphatases in vertebrate cells. (tcdb.org)
18] "Two different zinc transport complexes of cation diffusion facilitator proteins localized in the secretory pathway operate to activate alkaline phosphatases in vertebrate cells. (tcdb.org)

These proteins are members of the solute carrier family, subfamily 22. (wikipedia.org)
The TRPM1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1 (TRPM1). (medlineplus.gov)

Ion-specific effects on peptides and proteins are key to biomolecular structure and stability. (bioportfolio.com)

S-layer proteins (SLPs) are generally 40-200 kDa and represent up to 15% of total cellular protein production [ 4 ]. (nature.com)
Importantly, there has been a significant increase in their hydrophobins, cell-wall proteins that have multiple cellular functions. (frontiersin.org)
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae type 2C protein phosphatase Ptc1 is required for a wide variety of cellular functions, although only a few cellular targets have been identified. (genetics.org)
In the more than twenty years since its discovery, both the phylogenetic origin and cellular function of the prion protein (PrP) have remained enigmatic. (scienceblogs.com)

In putative intracellular domains, there are five potential sites for protein-kinase C-dependent phosphorylation and one for protein-kinase A-dependent phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
In inside-out patches, the PKC-dependent enhancement of cation channel open probability could be prevented by the src homology 3 (SH3) domain, presumably by disrupting a link between the channel and the kinase. (jneurosci.org)
Its activity is regulated in a redox-dependent manner by the antisigma factor RshA ( 50 ) as well as by the protein kinase PknB ( 38 ). (asm.org)
Regulation of p-aminohippurate transport by protein kinase C in OK kidney epithelial cells. (semanticscholar.org)
We studied the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a phorbol ester which activates protein kinase C, on p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport in OK cells. (semanticscholar.org)
Recent studies suggest that metformin attenuates mTORC1 signalling by the activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the presence or absence of a functional hamartin/tuberin (TSC1/TSC2) complex. (ox.ac.uk)

Note that the 'protein existence' evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence(s) displayed. (uniprot.org)
Despite exceptional sequence diversity, S-layer proteins (SLPs) share important characteristics such as their ability to form crystalline sheets punctuated with nano-scale pores, and their propensity for charged amino acids, leading to acidic or basic isoelectric points. (nature.com)
A subsequent bioinformatic analysis revealed the unexpected presence of a PrP-like amino acid sequence within the N-terminal, extracellular domain of a distinct sub-branch of the ZIP protein family that includes ZIP5, ZIP6 and ZIP10. (scienceblogs.com)

The structurally characterized members of this functional superfamily usually consist of homotrimeric proteins with subunits that are of 250-450 amino acyl residues in length. (tcdb.org)
This gene encodes a member of the calcium/cation antiporter superfamily of transport proteins. (bio-rad.com)

A family of proteins involved in the transport of organic cations. (ucdenver.edu)

It acts a symporter, moving sodium ions and other organic cations across the membrane along with carnitine. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we report the design of a membrane-spanning, four-helical bundle that transports first-row transition metal ions Zn 2+ and Co 2+ , but not Ca 2+ , across membranes. (sciencemag.org)
Prokaryotes typically use hydrogen ions as the driving force for chemiosmotic transport, while eukaryotes typically use sodium ions. (wikidoc.org)

Drug transport across cells and cell membranes in the human body is crucial for the pharmacological effect of drugs. (diva-portal.org)
Cardona T, Battchikova N, Zhang P, Stensjö K, Aro EM, Lindblad P, Magnuson A. Electron transfer protein complexes in the thylakoid membranes of heterocysts from the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. (umassmed.edu)
4 This model has continually evolved over the past 80 years, thanks to a succession of seminal contributions that included outlining of the fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes by Singer and Nicolson, 5 isolation of spectrin by Marchesi and Steers, 6 and the definition of the topology of red cell membrane proteins by Steck and colleagues. (bloodjournal.org)
STOM is a membrane protein involved in regulation of monovalent cation transport through lipid membranes. (ptglab.com)
Previous studies have shown, for instance, that these devices can detect both the disruption of integral cell layers and lipid membranes as well as specific cation migrations across ion-transporting proteins. (prolibraries.com)

An organic cation transport protein mediates the transport of organic cations across the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Most TRPM1 gene mutations change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the TRPM1 channel and either alter the structure of the channel or prevent the channel from reaching the bipolar cell membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
Our current concept of the red cell membrane envisions it as a composite structure in which a membrane envelope composed of cholesterol and phospholipids is secured to an elastic network of skeletal proteins via transmembrane proteins. (bloodjournal.org)
2) those that are associated with an increased cation permeability of red cell membrane. (hindawi.com)

Therefore, in vitro assays for OCT1 and OATP1B1, among the highest expressed transport proteins in human liver, were developed to allow investigation of the inhibitory patterns of these proteins. (diva-portal.org)
Anti-malarials can reduce OCT1 and OCT2 transport activity in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)

p>This subsection of the 'Function' section indicates at which position the protein binds a given metal ion. (uniprot.org)
The best-studied protein is the BabA adhesin which binds to the Lewis b blood group antigen. (asm.org)

It encodes a non-DNA binding, 770 amino acid transcriptional protein that serves as a co-repressor of other transcription factors and signalling pathways. (bmj.com)
Quantitative mass spectrometry followed by gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that early changes in H9C2 differentiation are related to protein pathways of cardiac muscle morphogenesis and sphingolipid synthesis. (ugent.be)
Specifically, this analysis confirmed that proteins related to pathways in muscle contraction are upregulated early and transiently, and proteins relevant to extracellular matrix organization are downregulated early. (ugent.be)

Mitoferrin 1 and mitoferrin 2, two homologues proteins belonging to the mitochondrial solute carrier family, are required for iron delivery into mitochondria. (isharonline.org)
Transport proteins belonging to the solute carrier (SLC) family are important for the elimination of drugs, contain members that mainly import cations and have been linked to DDIs. (biomedcentral.com)

The protein has 12 putative transmembrane domains, with a long extracellular loop of 107 amino acids between the first two transmembrane domains and an intracellular loop between the fourth and fifth transmembrane domains. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, MATE1 and MATE2-K were identified as putative transport proteins for proguanil. (biomedcentral.com)

The role of the adaptor proteins that physically link these complexes together for the purposes of ion channel modulation, however, has been little explored. (jneurosci.org)
Could Those Rapidly Exchangeable Phosphoproteins Be Polyphosphate-Protein Complexes? (jhu.edu)
Furthermore, polyphosphates in microorganisms are known to form tightly bound ionic complexes with proteins and nucleic acids [10]. (jhu.edu)

Neuronal calcium-sensor proteins interact with other regulatory proteins to mediate physiological responses to a change in intracellular calcium concentration. (bioportfolio.com)
Zinc is essential for all organisms due to its various physiological roles, which include maintaining both the structural stability and catalytic activity of several proteins ( 60 ), as well as stabilizing motifs in some transcriptional regulatory proteins ( 15 ). (asm.org)

Effect of divalent cations on bovine serum albumin (BSA) and tannic acid interaction and its influence on turbidity and in vitro protein digestibility. (bioportfolio.com)
Protein mixture or purified protein of interest: e.g., bovine serum albumin (BSA), mol. (currentprotocols.com)

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)

Protons that enter the cytosol through potassium channels in the form of NH 4 + stimulate and nonionic diffusion of NH 3 blocks NHE, thus contributing to sodium transport and regulation of pH. (physiology.org)

Lysosomal enzymes bearing phosphomannosyl residues bind specifically to mannose-6-phosphate receptors in the Golgi apparatus and the resulting receptor-ligand complex is transported to an acidic prelyosomal compartment where the low pH mediates the dissociation of the complex. (abcam.com)
The exchanger itself mediates cation leak by a conductive mechanism [ 25 ]. (hindawi.com)

This protein acts as a channel, transporting positively charged atoms (cations) into cells. (medlineplus.gov)
In bright-light conditions, the TRPM1 channel is open, allowing cations to flow in and out of bipolar cells and preventing visual signals from being sent. (medlineplus.gov)
EMSA (A) or supershift assay (B) performed on nuclear proteins of SJPL and NPTr cells following an incubation (30 to 180 min) with A. pleuropneumoniae S4074 or no treatment for the control (Nil). (asm.org)
Monocytes originally derive from CD34 + myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow, circulate in the bloodstream, and enter peripheral tissues where they mature into different types of resident macrophages, characterized by low oxygen consumption, low protein synthesis rate, and modest cytokine production ( 1 , 2 ). (jimmunol.org)
A family of intracellular calcium-sensing proteins found predominately in NEURONS and PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. (bioportfolio.com)
PMA (10(-7) M) almost completely inhibited the transcellular transport of PAH across OK cell monolayers from the basal to the apical side, as well as the accumulation of PAH in the cells. (semanticscholar.org)
This protein catalyzes electroneutral chloride-bicarbonate exchange, and it is also expressed in kidney α -intercalated cells and in cardiomyocytes [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
In red cells, it is involved in two main tasks: enhancement of carbon dioxide transport and structuration of cell shape. (hindawi.com)
Phosphorylation determines the binding of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) to microtubules in living cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
We present here a rigorous proteomic analysis that monitored the changes in protein expression during differentiation of H9C2 cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells over time. (ugent.be)

No significant defects in the renal secretion of a model organic cation are observed. (jax.org)
In addition, focus is directed towards understanding the role of the calcium sensing receptor and its involvement in renal calcium transport and kidney stone formation. (sdu.dk)
As this protein is also expressed in kidney, a renal phenotype can be associated with SLC4A1 mutations. (hindawi.com)

that is they exist within and span the membrane across which they transport substances. (wikidoc.org)
The proteins may assist in the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion or active transport. (wikidoc.org)

These methyl-CpG binding proteins (MBPs) have key biological roles and can be classified into three structural families: methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD), zinc finger, and SET and RING finger-associated (SRA) domain. (isharonline.org)
Here, we offer a rationale for charged S-layer proteins in the context of the structural evolution of S-layers. (nature.com)
Understanding the structural features of β-barrel membrane proteins and detecting them in genomic sequences are challenging tasks in structural and functional genomics. (tcdb.org)
The design of functional membrane proteins from first principles represents a grand challenge in chemistry and structural biology. (sciencemag.org)
These experiments illustrate the feasibility of designing membrane proteins with predefined structural and dynamic properties. (sciencemag.org)
as a bound product during the structural analysis of DNA integrity scanning protein (DisA) from Thermotoga maritime . (frontiersin.org)
The non-nucleated red cell is unique among human cell type in that the plasma membrane, its only structural component, accounts for all of its diverse antigenic, transport, and mechanical characteristics. (bloodjournal.org)
This relationship explains structural and functional features found within mammalian prion proteins as elements of an ancient involvement in the transmembrane transport of divalent cations. (scienceblogs.com)
Our results are consistent with a function follows form' model of differentiation, whereby early and transient alterations of structural proteins enable subsequent changes that are relevant to the characteristic physiology of cardiomyocytes. (ugent.be)

Nramp1 codes for an integral membrane protein expressed in the lysosomal compartment of macrophages, and is recruited to the membrane of phagosomes soon after the completion of phagocytosis. (nih.gov)

4] "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. (tcdb.org)

Discrimination techniques for detecting β-barrel membrane proteins in genomic sequences are discussed by Gromiha and Suwa ( 2007 ). (tcdb.org)

The ctpA ctpa (Catalog # MBS1229137 ) is a Recombinant Protein produced from E Coli or Yeast or Baculovirus or Mammalian Cell and is intended for research purposes only. (mybiosource.com)
Human SLC22A4 partial ORF ( NP_003050, 43 a.a. - 141 a.a.) recombinant protein with GST-tag at N-terminal. (abnova.com)
Eleven recombinant antigenic proteins were produced, and specific antibody titers in a large collection of human serum samples were determined. (soton.ac.uk)

The PTS catalyzes concomitant transport and phosphorylation of sugars via a specific membrane-localized enzyme II complex (EII) which is phosphorylated by the general PTS enzymes HPr and enzyme I (for a review, see reference 31 ). (asm.org)

The gene produces a 63 kDa protein composed of 557 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)

Previous work has established that amiloride sensitivity is caused by expression of car1 + , which encodes a protein with similarity to plasma membrane drug/proton antiporters from the multidrug resistance family. (asm.org)
Bsu1p displays an acidic pH optimum and is inhibited by various protonophores, demonstrating that the protein works as a proton symporter. (asm.org)

A symporter /coporter transports a chemical in the same direction as the electrochemical gradient, while an antiporter moves the target chemical in a direction opposite to the gradient. (wikidoc.org)

The mechanism of pathogen resistance is proposed to involve sequestration of Fe2+ and Mn2+, cofactors of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic catalases and superoxide dismutases, not only to protect the macrophage against its own generation of reactive oxygen species, but to deny the cations to the pathogen for synthesis of its protective enzymes. (nih.gov)
A fundamental mechanism underlying neuromodulation is the phosphorylation of ion channels by protein kinases ( Levitan and Kaczmarek, 1997 ). (jneurosci.org)
However, this interpretation leads to dramatically changing our way of thinking about band 3 transport mechanism. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy29

Organisms12

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs148

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes50

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Role of iron in Nramp1-mediated inhibition of mycobacterial growth. (1/3516)

Characterisation of copper-binding to the second sub-domain of the Menkes protein ATPase (MNKr2). (2/3516)

The iron transport protein NRAMP2 is an integral membrane glycoprotein that colocalizes with transferrin in recycling endosomes. (3/3516)

Genetic selection of mutations in the high affinity K+ transporter HKT1 that define functions of a loop site for reduced Na+ permeability and increased Na+ tolerance. (4/3516)

Overexpression of a novel Arabidopsis gene related to putative zinc-transporter genes from animals can lead to enhanced zinc resistance and accumulation. (5/3516)

Ion channels: structure of a molecular brake. (6/3516)

Cloning and characterization of the transport modifier RS1 from rabbit which was previously assumed to be specific for Na+-D-glucose cotransport. (7/3516)

Mechanism of increased iron absorption in murine model of hereditary hemochromatosis: increased duodenal expression of the iron transporter DMT1. (8/3516)

Organic Cation Transport Proteins

Cations

Cation Transport Proteins

Biological Transport

Biological Transport, Active

Sodium

Fatty Acid Transport Proteins

Potassium

Rubidium

Ion Transport

Membrane Transport Proteins

Cations, Monovalent

Cations, Divalent

Carrier Proteins

Squalus

Organic Cation Transporter 1

Ouabain

Erythrocytes

Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase

Lithium

Kinetics

Metals, Alkali

Potassium Isotopes

Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital

Monosaccharide Transport Proteins

Equilibrative Nucleoside Transport Proteins

Cell Membrane

Molecular Sequence Data

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Antiporters

Amino Acid Sequence

Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters

Anion Transport Proteins

Magnesium

Pyridinium Compounds

Membrane Proteins

Digoxin

Chlorides

Protein Transport

Erythrocyte Membrane

Axonal Transport

Rubidium Radioisotopes

Cell Membrane Permeability

Tetraethylammonium

Calcium

Ion Channels

Adenosine Triphosphatases

Adenosine Triphosphate

Tetraethylammonium Compounds

Quinidine

Symporters

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium

Kidney Tubules, Proximal

Escherichia coli

Ions

Kidney Cortex

Mutation

Gramicidin

Membrane Potentials

Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter

Glucose

Kidney

Vesicular Transport Proteins

Binding Sites

Dogs

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters

Cell Line

Choline

Bacterial Proteins

Electron Transport

Phosphate-Binding Proteins

Xenopus laevis

Escherichia coli Proteins

Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative

Transport Vesicles

Rabbits

Organic Anion Transporters

Phloretin

Base Sequence