Cathepsin F
Cathepsins
Cathepsin W
Cathepsin B
A lysosomal cysteine proteinase with a specificity similar to that of PAPAIN. The enzyme is present in a variety of tissues and is important in many physiological and pathological processes. In pathology, cathepsin B has been found to be involved in DEMYELINATION; EMPHYSEMA; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, and NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS.
Cathepsin L
Opisthorchis
Cathepsin D
Cathepsin K
Cathepsin G
Cathepsin H
Cathepsin E
Cysteine Endopeptidases
Cathepsin C
A papain-like cysteine protease that has specificity for amino terminal dipeptides. The enzyme plays a role in the activation of several pro-inflammatory serine proteases by removal of their aminoterminal inhibitory dipeptides. Genetic mutations that cause loss of cathepsin C activity in humans are associated with PAPILLON-LEFEVRE DISEASE.
Molecular cloning and structural and functional characterization of human cathepsin F, a new cysteine proteinase of the papain family with a long propeptide domain. (1/18)
A cDNA encoding a new cysteine proteinase belonging to the papain family and called cathepsin F has been cloned from a human prostate cDNA library. This cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 484 amino acids, with the same domain organization as other cysteine proteinases, including a hydrophobic signal sequence, a prodomain, and a catalytic region. However, this propeptide domain is unusually long and distinguishes cathepsin F from other proteinases of the papain family. Cathepsin F also shows all structural motifs characteristic of these proteinases, including the essential cysteine residue of the active site. Consistent with these structural features, cathepsin F produced in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase degrades the synthetic peptide benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin, a substrate commonly used for functional characterization of cysteine proteinases. Furthermore, this proteolytic activity is blocked by trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane, an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases. The gene encoding cathepsin F maps to chromosome 11q13, close to that encoding cathepsin W. Cathepsin F is widely expressed in human tissues, suggesting a role in normal protein catabolism. Northern blot analysis also revealed a significant level of expression in some cancer cell lines opening the possibility that this enzyme could be involved in degradative processes occurring during tumor progression. (+info)Role of N-glycosylation in cathepsin E. A comparative study of cathepsin E with distinct N-linked oligosaccharides and its nonglycosylated mutant. (2/18)
Cathepsin E (CE), a nonlysosomal, intracellular aspartic proteinase, exists in several molecular forms that are N-glycosylated with high-mannose and/or complex-type oligosaccharides. To investigate the role of N-glycosylation on the catalytic properties and molecular stability of CE, both natural and recombinant enzymes with distinct oligosaccharides were purified from different sources. An N-glycosylation minus mutant, that was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis (by changing asparagine residues to glutamine and aspartic acid residues at positions 73 and 305 in potential N-glycosylation sites of rat CE) and expressed in normal rat kidney cells, was also purified to homogeneity from the cell extracts. The kinetic parameters of the nonglycosylated mutant were found to be essentially equivalent to those of natural enzymes N-glycosylated with either high-mannose or complex-type oligosaccharides. In contrast, the nonglycosylated mutant showed lower pH and thermal stabilities than the glycosylated enzymes. The nonglycosylated mutant exhibited particular sensitivity to conversion to a monomeric form by 2-mercaptoethanol, as compared with those of the glycosylated enzymes. Further, the high-mannose-type enzymes were more sensitive to this agent than the complex-type proteins. A striking difference was found between the high-mannose and complex-type enzymes in terms of activation by ATP at a weakly acidic pH. At pH 5.5, the complex-type enzymes were stabilized by ATP to be restored to the virtual activity, whereas the high-mannose-type enzymes as well as the nonglycosylated mutant were not affected by ATP. These results suggest that N-glycosylation in CE is important for the maintenance of its proper folding upon changes in temperature, pH and redox state, and that the complex-type oligosaccharides contribute to the completion of the tertiary structure to maintain its active conformation in the weakly acidic pH environments. (+info)Role for cathepsin F in invariant chain processing and major histocompatibility complex class II peptide loading by macrophages. (3/18)
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-associated invariant chain (Ii) regulates intracellular trafficking and peptide loading of MHC class II molecules. Such loading occurs after endosomal degradation of the invariant chain to a approximately 3-kD peptide termed CLIP (class II-associated invariant chain peptide). Cathepsins L and S have both been implicated in degradation of Ii to CLIP in thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs, respectively. However, macrophages from mice deficient in both cathepsins S and L can process Ii and load peptides onto MHC class II dimers normally. Both processes are blocked by a cysteine protease inhibitor, indicating the involvement of an additional Ii-processing enzyme(s). Comparison of cysteine proteases expressed by macrophages with those found in splenocytes and dendritic cells revealed two enzymes expressed exclusively in macrophages, cathepsins Z and F. Recombinant cathepsin Z did not generate CLIP from Ii-MHC class II complexes, whereas cathepsin F was as efficient as cathepsin S in CLIP generation. Inhibition of cathepsin F activity and MHC class II peptide loading by macrophages exhibited similar specificity and activity profiles. These experiments show that cathepsin F, in a subset of antigen presenting cells (APCs), can efficiently degrade Ii. Different APCs can thus use distinct proteases to mediate MHC class II maturation and peptide loading. (+info)Cathepsin L antisense oligonucleotides in a human osteosarcoma cell line: effects on the invasive phenotype. (4/18)
Alterations in cathepsin L expression and trafficking have been associated with the progression and metastasis of several tumor entities. In the present study, we examined the effects of various cathepsin L antisense (as) phosphorothioate oligonucleotides on both the expression of cathepsin L and the invasive potential of the human osteosarcoma cell line MNNG/HOS. Seven oligonucleotides of 20-bp length each and one random control oligonucleotide were chosen to block cathepsin L expression. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in cathepsin L mRNA expression by the six antisense oligonucleotides at a concentration of 10 microM. Cathepsin L protein expression was reduced significantly (50-85%) by the antisense oligonucleotides, as compared with the controls. Adhesion to matrices of collagen I and matrigel was not affected. In in vitro motility and invasion assays performed in uncoated and precoated transwell chambers, the ability of cells to migrate through the filters was inhibited by 35-75% using antisense oligonucleotides. The random control did not show any inhibitory effect. These data demonstrate that in MNNG/HOS cells cathepsin L influences cellular malignancy by promoting migration and basement membrane degradation. (+info)Cysteine protease cathepsin F is expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions, is secreted by cultured macrophages, and modifies low density lipoprotein particles in vitro. (5/18)
During atherogenesis, low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in the arterial intima become modified and fuse to form extracellular lipid droplets. Proteolytic modification of apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 may be one mechanism of droplet formation from LDL. Here we studied whether the newly described acid protease cathepsin F can generate LDL-derived lipid droplets in vitro. Treatment of LDL particles with human recombinant cathepsin F led to extensive degradation of apoB-100, which, as determined by rate zonal flotation, electron microscopy, and NMR spectroscopy, triggered both aggregation and fusion of the LDL particles. Two other acid cysteine proteases, cathepsins S and K, which have been shown to be present in the arterial intima, were also capable of degrading apoB-100, albeit less efficiently. Cathepsin F treatment resulted also in enhanced retention of LDL to human arterial proteoglycans in vitro. Cultured monocyte-derived macrophages were found to secrete active cathepsin F. In addition, similarly with cathepsins S and K, cathepsin F was found to be localized mainly within the macrophage-rich areas of the human coronary atherosclerotic plaques. These results suggest that proteolytic modification of LDL by cathepsin F may be one mechanism leading to the extracellular accumulation of LDL-derived lipid droplets within the proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix of the arterial intima during atherogenesis. (+info)Overexpression of cathepsin F, matrix metalloproteinases 11 and 12 in cervical cancer. (6/18)
BACKGROUND: Cervical carcinoma (CC) is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide and the first cause of death among the Mexican female population. CC progression shows a continuum of neoplastic transitions until invasion. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsins play a central role on the enhancement of tumor-induced angiogenesis, cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis and connective tissue degradation. MMPs -2 and -9 expression has been widely studied in cervical cancer. Nevertheless, no other metalloproteinases or cathepsins have been yet related with the progression and/or invasion of this type of cancer. METHODS: Three HPV18 CC cell lines, two HPV16 CC cell lines and three HPV16 tumor CC tissues were compared with three morphologically normal, HPV negative, cervical specimens by cDNA arrays. Overexpression of selected genes was confirmed by end point semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR with densitometry. In situ hybridization and protein expression of selected genes was further studied by means of two tissue microarrays, one consisting of 10 HSIL and 15 CC and the other one of 15 normal cervical and 10 LSIL tissues. RESULTS: TIMP1, Integrins alpha 1 and 4, cadherin 2 and 11, Cathepsins F, B L2, MMP 9, 10 11 and 12 were upregulated and Cathepsin S, L, H and C, Cadherins 3 and 4, TIMP3, MMP 13, Elastase 2 and Integrin beta 8 were found to be downregulated by cDNA arrays. Endpoint RT-PCR with densitometry gave consistent results with the cDNA array findings for all three genes selected for study (CTSF, MMP11 and MMP12). In situ hybridization of all three genes confirmed overexpression in all the HSIL and CC. Two of the selected proteins were detected in LSIL, HSIL and CC by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION: Novel undetected CC promoting genes have been identified. Increased transcription of these genes may result in overexpression of proteins, such as CTSF, MMP11 and MMP12 which could contribute to the pathogenesis of CC. (+info)Murine cathepsin F deficiency causes neuronal lipofuscinosis and late-onset neurological disease. (7/18)
Cathepsin F (cat F) is a widely expressed lysosomal cysteine protease whose in vivo role is unknown. To address this issue, mice deficient in cat F were generated via homologous recombination. Although cat F-/- mice appeared healthy and reproduced normally, they developed progressive hind leg weakness and decline in motor coordination at 12 to 16 months of age, followed by significant weight loss and death within 6 months. cat F was found to be expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS). cat F-/- neurons accumulated eosinophilic granules that had features typical of lysosomal lipofuscin by electron microscopy. Large amounts of autofluorescent lipofuscin, characteristic of the neurodegenerative disease neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), accumulated throughout the CNS but not in visceral organs, beginning as early as 6 weeks of age. Pronounced gliosis, an indicator of neuronal stress and neurodegeneration, was also apparent in older cat F-/- mice. cat F is the only cysteine cathepsin whose inactivation alone causes a lysosomal storage defect and progressive neurological features in mice. The late onset suggests that this gene may be a candidate for adult-onset NCL. (+info)Cloning and expression of the cathepsin F-like cysteine protease gene in Escherichia coli and its characterization. (8/18)
In this study, we have cloned a novel cDNA encoding for a papain-family cysteine protease from the Uni-ZAP XR cDNA library of the polychaete, Periserrula leucophryna. This gene was expressed in Escherichia coli using the T7 promoter system, and the protease was characterized after partial purification. First, the partial DNA fragment (498 bp) was amplified from the total RNA via RT-PCR using degenerated primers derived from the conserved region of cysteine protease. The full-length cDNA of cysteine protease (PLCP) was prepared via the screening of the Uni-ZAP XR cDNA library using the 32P-labeled partial DNA fragment. As a result, the PLCP gene was determined to consist of a 2591 bp nucleotide sequence (CDS: 173-1024 bp) which encodes for a 283-amino acid polypeptide, which is itself composed of an 59-residue signal sequence, a 6-residue propeptide, a 218-residue mature protein, and a long 3'-noncoding region encompassing 1564 bp. The predicted molecular weights of the preproprotein and the mature protein were calculated as 31.8 kDa and 25 kDa, respectively. The results of sequence analysis and alignment revealed a significant degree of sequence similarity with other eukaryotic cysteine proteases, including the conserved catalytic triad of the Cys90, His226, and Asn250 residues which characterize the C1 family of papain-like cysteine protease. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the novel gene were deposited into the GenBank database under the accession numbers, AY390282 and AAR27011, respectively. The results of Northern blot analysis revealed the 2.5 kb size of the transcript and ubiquitous expression throughout the entirety of the body, head, gut, and skin, which suggested that the PLCP may be grouped within the cathepsin F-like proteases. The region encoding for the mature form of the protease was then subcloned into the pT7-7 expression vector following PCR amplification using the designed primers, including the initiation and termination codons. The recombinant cysteine proteases were generated in a range of 6.3% to 12.5% of the total cell proteins in the E. coli BL21(DE3) strain for 8 transformants. The results of SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis indicated that a cysteine protease of approximately 25 kDa (mature form) was generated. The optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme were determined to be approximately 9.5 and 35 degrees, respectively, thereby indicating that the cysteine protease is a member of the alkaline protease group. The evaluation of substrate specificity indicated that the purified protease was more active towards Arg-X or Lys-X and did not efficiently cleave the substrates with non-polar amino acids at the P1 site. The PLCP evidenced fibrinolytic activity on the plasminogen-free fibrin plate test. (+info)
Cathepsin F - Wikipedia
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Cathepsin
... A (serine protease) Cathepsin B (cysteine protease) Cathepsin C (cysteine protease) Cathepsin D (aspartyl protease) ... Cathepsin H (cysteine protease) Cathepsin K (cysteine protease) Cathepsin L1 (cysteine protease) Cathepsin L2 (or V) (cysteine ... Cathepsin S (cysteine protease) Cathepsin W (cysteine proteinase) Cathepsin Z (or X) (cysteine protease) Cathepsins are ... Cathepsin K has also been shown to play a role in arthritis. Mouse cathepsin L is homologous to human cathepsin V. Mouse ...
Cathepsin T
... (EC 3.4.22.24) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction: Interconversion of the three ... Cathepsin+T at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC 3.4.22). ... Cathepsin Gohda E, Pitot HC (May 1981). "Purification and characterization of a new thiol proteinase from rat kidney". ... Pitot HC, Gohda E (1987). "Cathepsin T". Methods in Enzymology. 142: 279-89. doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(87)42038-7. PMID 2885716. ...
Cathepsin F
... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSF gene. Cysteine cathepsins are a family of cysteine proteases ... The cathepsin F gene is ubiquitously expressed, and it maps to chromosome 11q13, close to the gene encoding cathepsin W. ... Wex T, Levy B, Wex H, Brömme D (1999). "Human cathepsins F and W: A new subgroup of cathepsins". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun ... Wex T, Wex H, Brömme D (2000). "The human cathepsin F gene--a fusion product between an ancestral cathepsin and cystatin gene ...
Cathepsin L
... may refer to: Cathepsin L1, a human protease enzyme encoded by the CTSL gene and known for its role in viral entry ... Cathepsin L2, a human protease enzyme encoded by the CTSV gene and also known as cathepsin V This disambiguation page lists ... articles associated with the title Cathepsin L. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point ...
Cathepsin W
"Human cathepsins W and F form a new subgroup of cathepsins that is evolutionary separated from the cathepsin B- and L-like ... Wex T, Levy B, Wex H, Brömme D (1999). "Human cathepsins F and W: A new subgroup of cathepsins". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun ... The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the peptidase C1 family of cysteine cathepsins, is a cysteine protease cathepsin ... 2003). "Characterization of novel anti-cathepsin W antibodies and cellular distribution of cathepsin W in the gastrointestinal ...
Cathepsin S
... cathepsin S can be replaced by cathepsin F. Secreted cathepsin S cleaves some extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Cathepsin S ... "Engineering the S2 subsite specificity of human cathepsin S to a cathepsin L- and cathepsin B-like specificity". The Journal of ... In vitro, cathepsin S retains some enzyme activity in the presence of 3M urea. Cathepsin S is produced as a zymogen and is ... Cathepsin S can function as an elastase over a broad pH range in alveolar macrophages. Cathepsin S is a lysosomal enzyme that ...
Cathepsin X
... (EC 3.4.18.1, cathepsin B2, cysteine-type carboxypeptidase, cathepsin IV, cathepsin Z, acid carboxypeptidase, ... Shows weak endopeptidase activity Cathepsin X is a cysteine cathepsin, a lysosomal cysteine peptidase of family C1 (papain ... Otto K, Riesenkönig H (February 1975). "Improved purification of cathepsin B1 and cathepsin B2". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta ... "On the substrate specificity of cathepsins B1 and B2 including a new fluorogenic substrate for cathepsin B1". Life Sciences. 17 ...
Cathepsin D
... can also be found in the extracellular space and it is one of the few cathepsins, that shows some activity at ... Cathepsin D is an aspartic endo-protease that is ubiquitously distributed in lysosomes. The main function of cathepsin D is to ... "Entrez Gene: CTSD cathepsin D". Barrett AJ (April 1970). "Cathepsin D. Purification of isoenzymes from human and chicken liver ... The optimum pH for cathepsin D in vitro is 4.5-5.0. Cathepsin-D is an aspartic protease that depends critically on protonation ...
Cathepsin K
... is degraded by Cathepsin S, in a process referred to as Controlled Cathepsin Cannibalism. Cathepsin K expression is ... Cathepsin K has also been found to be over-expressed in glioblastoma. That the expression of cathepsin K is characteristic for ... Cathepsin K antibodies are marketed for research into expression of this enzyme by various cells. Merck had a cathepsin K ... Other cathepsin K inhibitors are in various stages of development. Medivir has a cathepsin K inhibitor, MIV-711 (L-006235), in ...
Cathepsin Z
... cathepsin C, cathepsin F, cathepsin H, cathepsin K, cathepsin L, cathepsin L2 or V, cathepsin O, cathepsin S, cathepsin Z, and ... Cathepsin Z, also called cathepsin X or cathepsin P, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSZ gene. It is a member of ... As one of the 11 cathepsins, cathepsin Z contains distinctive features from others. Cathepsin Z has been reported involved in ... Cathepsin Z has an exposed integrin-binding Arg-Gly-Asp motif within the propeptide of the enzyme, through which cathepsin Z ...
Cathepsin L1
"Entrez Gene: CTSL1 cathepsin L1". Barrett AJ, Kirschke H (1981). "Cathepsin B, Cathepsin H, and cathepsin L". Methods in ... or by cathepsins (primarily cathepsin L) in endolysosomes. Hydroxychloroquine inhibits the action of cathepsin L in ... Cathepsin L1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSL1 gene. The protein is a cysteine cathepsin, a lysosomal ... Cathepsin L1 is a member of the Peptidase C1 (cathepsin) MEROPS family, which plays an important role in diverse processes ...
Cathepsin H
... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSH gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a cysteine cathepsin, ... "Entrez Gene: CTSH cathepsin H". Sawicki G, Warwas M (1990). "Cathepsin H from human placenta". Acta Biochim. Pol. 36 (3-4): 343 ... 2003). "Expression of cathepsins B, H, K, L, and S during human fetal lung development". Dev. Dyn. 225 (1): 14-21. doi:10.1002/ ... 2001). "Expression of cathepsins B, H, K, L, and S and matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 13 during chondrocyte hypertrophy and ...
Cathepsin G
... is one of those homologous protease that evolved from a common ancestor by gene duplication. Cathepsin G is a 255- ... An upregulation of cathepsin G was reported in studies of keratoconus. Cathepsin G has been found to interact with: SERPINB1 ... "Entrez Gene: CTSG cathepsin G". Shafer WM, Pohl J, Onunka VC, Bangalore N, Travis J (January 1991). "Human lysosomal cathepsin ... "Generation of the neutrophil-activating peptide-2 by cathepsin G and cathepsin G-treated human platelets". The American Journal ...
Cathepsin C
... prepro-cathepsin C) comprising signal peptides of 24 residues, pro-regions of 205 (rat cathepsin C) or 206 (human cathepsin C) ... Cathepsin C appears to be a central coordinator for activation of many serine proteases in immune/inflammatory cells. Cathepsin ... identical to the mature amino acid sequences of papain and a number of other cathepsins including cathepsins, B, H, K, L, and S ... "Entrez Gene: CTSC cathepsin C". Paris A, Strukelj B, Pungercar J, Renko M, Dolenc I, Turk V (Aug 1995). "Molecular cloning and ...
Cathepsin zymography
Cathepsin K detection by zymography Zymographic techniques for detection of cathepsins K, L, S, and V Zymography for detection ... Cathepsin zymography is a technique for quantifying enzymatic activity of the cathepsin family of cysteine proteases. It is ... While the proform of cathepsins are generally stable, once activated, proteases such as cathepsin K are vulnerable to ... After the renaturing period, the gel is then incubated in assay buffer to allow the now active cathepsins to proteolyze the ...
Cathepsin L2
... , (EC 3.4.22.43, also known as cathepsin V or cathepsin U), is a protein encoded in humans by the CTSV gene. The ... "Entrez Gene: CTSL2 cathepsin L2". Brömme D, Li Z, Barnes M, Mehler E (February 1999). "Human cathepsin V functional expression ... 2006). "Cystatin M/E is a high affinity inhibitor of cathepsin V and cathepsin L by a reactive site that is distinct from the ... 2007). "Inhibition of cathepsin L-like proteases by cathepsin V propeptide". Biol. Chem. 388 (5): 541-5. doi:10.1515/BC. ...
Cathepsin A
... is an enzyme that is classified both as a cathepsin and a carboxypeptidase. In humans, it is encoded by the CTSA ... Cathepsin+A at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology v t e (Genes on human ... "Entrez Gene: CTSA cathepsin A". Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson ( ... Cathepsin A has been shown to interact with NEU1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000064601 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: ...
Cathepsin O
... is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CTSO gene. Cathepsin O is a cysteine cathepsin, a cysteine protease ... "Entrez Gene: cathepsin O". Shi GP, Chapman HA, Bhairi SM, et al. (1995). "Molecular cloning of human cathepsin O, a novel ... 1994). "Human cathepsin O. Molecular cloning from a breast carcinoma, production of the active enzyme in Escherichia coli, and ... "Genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the human cathepsin O gene (CTSO)". Genomics. 53 (2): 231-4. doi:10.1006/geno ...
Cathepsin E
... cathepsin D-like acid proteinase, cathepsin E-like acid proteinase, cathepsin D-type proteinase) is an enzyme. Cathepsin E is a ... The structure of Cathepsin E is very similar to those of Cathepsin D and BACE1, and all 3 have almost identical active site ... Along with renin and Cathepsin D, Cathepsin E is one of the only few aspartic proteases known to be made in human tissues other ... A distinguishing factor of Cathepsin E in comparison with the structure of Cathepsin D and BACE1 can be seen at the formation ...
Cathepsin B
In humans, cathepsin B is encoded by the CTSB gene. Cathepsin B is upregulated in certain cancers, in pre-malignant lesions, ... Cathepsin B belongs to a family of lysosomal cysteine proteases known as the cysteine cathepsins and plays an important role in ... Cathepsin B has been shown to interact with: CTSD CSTA, CSTB, and S100A10. Cathepsin B is inhibited by: Nitroxoline CA-074 ... Cathepsin B has been proposed as a potentially effective biomarker for a variety of cancers. Overexpression of cathepsin B is ...
Chromatin
... , Histones & Cathepsin; PMAP The Proteolysis Map-animation Nature journal: recent chromatin publications and news ...
Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan
... collagenases such as cathepsin B1; and hyaluronidase. PSGAG inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin E2, which is released upon ...
Carboxypeptidase C
Cathepsin A Breddam, K. (1986). "Serine carboxypeptidases. A review". Carlsberg Res. Commun. 51: 83-128. doi:10.1007/bf02907561 ... Miller JJ, Changaris DG, Levy RS (December 1992). "Purification, subunit structure and inhibitor profile of cathepsin A". ... Carboxypeptidase C (EC 3.4.16.5, carboxypeptidase Y, serine carboxypeptidase I, cathepsin A, lysosomal protective protein, ...
Keratinocyte
Cathepsin E. TALE homeodomain transcription factors. Hydrocortisone. Since keratinocyte differentiation inhibits keratinocyte ... "The role of cathepsin E in terminal differentiation of keratinocytes". Biological Chemistry. 392 (6): 571-85. doi:10.1515/BC. ...
Batten disease
Cathepsin D is involved in CLN10. DNA analysis can be used to help confirm the diagnosis of Batten disease. When the mutation ...
Medivir
Miv-711 Cathepsin K inhibitor for osteoarthritis. Fast track (FDA) MALT1 "Swedish pharma firm Medivir partners Aragen Life ...
Protease inhibitor (biology)
... these include cathepsin L, papain, and procaricain. It forms an alpha-helical domain that runs through the substrate-binding ...
CUX1
"Cathepsins as transcriptional activators? Developmental Cell 2004, 6(5):610-1. Goulet B, and Nepveu A. "Complete and Limited ...
Histolysain
Lushbaugh WB, Hofbauer AF, Pittman FE (June 1985). "Entamoeba histolytica: purification of cathepsin B". Experimental ...
Cystatin B
The protein is able to form a dimer stabilized by noncovalent forces, inhibiting papain and cathepsins L, H and B. The protein ... 1994). "Cathepsin B activity in human lung tumor cell lines: ultrastructural localization, pH sensitivity, and inhibitor status ... 1988). "Cathepsin D inactivates cysteine proteinase inhibitors, cystatins". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 154 (2): 765-72. doi ... Cystatin B has been shown to interact with Cathepsin B. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000160213 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38 ...
4P6E: Crystal Structure Of Human Cathepsin S Bound To A Non-covalent Inhibitor
Mouse Cathepsin F ELISA Kit
Inhibiting Cathepsin G to Protect Against Photoaging and Infra'aging | Cosmetics & Toiletries
Polygonum aviculare extract is a cathepsin G inhibitor, and is shown here to oppose photoaging and infraaging by improving ... Cathepsin G activity: The effect of Polygonum aviculare extracta on cathepsin G activity was evaluated using an enzymatic assay ... In addition, cathepsin G has been shown in vitro to degrade elastin into fragments that can be further processed by elastase.9 ... The cathepsin G inhibitor phosphonic acid served as a positive control. Results presented in Figure 2 show a neat inhibition of ...
Rat Cathepsin S (CTSS) ELISA kit | CSB-EL006204RA | Cusabio
Rat Cathepsin S (CTSS) ELISA kit from Cusabio. Cat#: CSB-EL006204RA. US, UK & Europe Distribution. Online Order or Request ... Rat Cathepsin S (CTSS) ELISA kit , CSB-EL006204RA Cusabio Elisa Rat Cathepsin S (CTSS) ELISA kit , CSB-EL006204RA. (No reviews ... Recombinant Human Cathepsin S (CTSS) , CSB-EP006204HU , CusabioAlternative Name(s): Cathepsin S; CathepsinS; CATS_HUMAN; ... Human Cathepsin S (CTSS) ELISA Kit , CSB-E13722h , CusabioHuman Cathepsin S (CTSS) ELISA Kit is Available at Gentaur Genprice ...
Peripheral Role of Cathepsin S in Th1 Cell-Dependent Transition of Nerve Injury-Induced Acute Pain to a Chronic Pain State |...
Peripheral Role of Cathepsin S in Th1 Cell-Dependent Transition of Nerve Injury-Induced Acute Pain to a Chronic Pain State. ... Peripheral Role of Cathepsin S in Th1 Cell-Dependent Transition of Nerve Injury-Induced Acute Pain to a Chronic Pain State ... Peripheral Role of Cathepsin S in Th1 Cell-Dependent Transition of Nerve Injury-Induced Acute Pain to a Chronic Pain State ... Peripheral Role of Cathepsin S in Th1 Cell-Dependent Transition of Nerve Injury-Induced Acute Pain to a Chronic Pain State ...
Peptide synthesis by recombinant Fasciola hepatica cathepsin L1 - DORAS
Ruth, Deborah M., McMahon, Gillian and Ó Fágáin, Ciarán (2006) Peptide synthesis by recombinant Fasciola hepatica cathepsin L1. ... fasciola hepatica cathepsin L1; recombinant; enzymatic peptide synthesis; cysteine proteinase;. Subjects:. Biological Sciences ... Synthesis of the tripeptide Z-Phe-Arg-SerNH2 has been accomplished by a recombinant cysteine protease, cathepsin L1 from liver ...
Cathepsins - Proteases - Proteins and Enzymes - Products
... but it is currently unclear how cathepsins mediate apoptosis. Cathepsins are lysosomal enzymes that are also used as sensitive ... The cathepsin assays are simple, straightforward, and can be adapted to 96-well plate assays. Assay conditions have been ... BioVisions newly developed Cathepsin Activity Assay kits are fluorescence-based assays that utilize the preferred substrate ... Cell lysates or other samples that contain cathepsins will cleave the synthetic substrate to release free AFC. The released ...
Ward, C., Kuehn, D., Burden, R.E., et al. (2010) Antibody targeting of cathepsin S inhibits angiogenesis and synergistically...
2010) Antibody targeting of cathepsin S inhibits angiogenesis and synergistically enhances anti-VEGF. PLoS One, 5, Article ID ... TITLE: Antibody research targeting Cathepsin S for cancer therapy AUTHORS: Hang Fai Kwok KEYWORDS: Cathepsin S; Tumor; ... ABSTRACT: Cathepsin S is a cysteine protease highly expressed in many type of cancers including colorectal, prostate, breast, ... Immunoexpression of Cathepsin D and S100A4 Protein and Their Molecular Subtyptes in Canine Mammary Carcinomas ...
Investigating the role of cathepsin S in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis-like lung disease | European Respiratory Society
Investigating the role of cathepsin S in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis-like lung disease. Ryan Brown, Donna Small, ... Elevated levels of the cysteine protease cathepsin S (cat S) are found in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung secretions, however, the ... Investigating the role of cathepsin S in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis-like lung disease ... Investigating the role of cathepsin S in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis-like lung disease ...
Cathepsin G (human neutrophils), (purified) - BML-SE283 - Enzo Life Sciences
Cathepsin G cleaves and activates IL-36γ and promotes the inflammation of psoriasis: J. Guo, et al.; Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 13 ... Development of a highly potent, selective, and cell-active Inhibitor of cysteine cathepsin L-A hybrid design approach: D. Dana ... Cell penetrable, clickable and tagless activity-based probe of human cathepsin L: D. Dana, et al.; Bioorg. Chem. 85, 505 (2019 ... Development of cell-active non-peptidyl inhibitors of cysteine cathepsins: D. Dana, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. 21, 2975 (2013 ...
Human Cathepsin D ELISA Kit Price PicoKine® | BosterBio
Human Cathepsin D ELISA Kit PicoKine™ (96 Tests). Quantitate Human CTSD in cell culture supernatants, cell lysates, serum ... More Cathepsin D Products. *Mouse Cathepsin D ELISA Kit PicoKine® (EK0673). *Human Cathepsin D PicoKine® Quick ELISA Kit ( ... Human Cathepsin D ELISA Kit PicoKine®. Cathepsin D ELISA kit for Human. Human Cathepsin D ELISA Kit PicoKine™ (96 Tests). ... Background of Cathepsin D. Cathepsin D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSD gene. This proteinase is a member of ...
Two-step mechanism of inhibition of cathepsin B by cystatin C, due to the inhibitor displacing the occluding loop of the enzyme...
Cysteine proteinase, Cysteine proteinase inhibitor, Cathepsin, Cystatin, Kinetics. in FEBS Letters. volume. 422. issue. 1. ... Two-step mechanism of inhibition of cathepsin B by cystatin C, due to the inhibitor displacing the occluding loop of the enzyme ... Stopped-flow kinetics showed that the inhibition of the lysosomal cysteine proteinase, cathepsin B, by its endogenous inhibitor ... Stopped-flow kinetics showed that the inhibition of the lysosomal cysteine proteinase, cathepsin B, by its endogenous inhibitor ...
Expression of the elastolytic cathepsins S and K in human atheroma and regulation of their production in smooth muscle cells
A selective inhibitor of cathepsin S blocked , 80% of this elastolytic activity. The presence of cathepsins K and S at sites of ... Expression of the elastolytic cathepsins S and K in human atheroma and regulation of their production in smooth muscle cells. ... Expression of the elastolytic cathepsins S and K in human atheroma and regulation of their production in smooth muscle cells. ... "Expression of the Elastolytic Cathepsins S and K in Human Atheroma and Regulation of Their Production in Smooth Muscle Cells." ...
Cathepsin H, Human Liver | Athens Research & Technology
A more basic protein than Cathepsin B or L. Functions as both an aminopeptidase and endopeptidase. Cathepsin H, like cathepsin ... Gel Scan of Cathepsin H, Human Liver. This information is representative of the product ART prepares, but is not lot specific. ... "Cathepsin H functions as an aminopeptidase in secretory vesicles for production of enkephalin and galanin peptide ...
Disruption of the Cathepsin K gene reduces atherosclerosis progression and induces plaque fibrosis but accelerates macrophage...
BACKGROUND-: Cathepsin K (catK), a lysosomal cysteine protease, was identified in a gene-profiling experiment that compared ... abstract = "BACKGROUND-: Cathepsin K (catK), a lysosomal cysteine protease, was identified in a gene-profiling experiment that ... keywords = "Atherosclerosis, Cathepsins, Lipids, Pathology, Proteases",. author = "E. Lutgens and Lutgens, {S. P.M.} and Faber ... N2 - BACKGROUND-: Cathepsin K (catK), a lysosomal cysteine protease, was identified in a gene-profiling experiment that ...
Cancer Markers - Cathepsin D - scrippslabs.com
Cathepsin D. Cathepsin D is an estrogen-regulated, lysosomal acidic protease associated with tissue breakdown. Elevated levels ... Over-expression of Cathepsin D is also linked to tumorigenesis in prostate cancer and to aggressive forms of colorectal cancer ... In addition, Cathepsin D is associated with amyloid formation in Alzheimers plaques as is possibly linked to lung tissue ... Scripps Laboratories is a world-leading producer and supplier of purified human Cathepsin D. Products are prepared on-site and ...
Differential expression of Cathepsin E in transthyretin amyloidosis: from neuropathology to the immune system | Journal of...
Cathepsin E (CtsE) is an important intermediate for antigen presentation and chemotaxis, but its role in the pathogenesis of ... Cathepsin E (CtsE) is an important intermediate for antigen presentation and chemotaxis, but its role in the pathogenesis of ... Cathepsin E (CtsE) is an aspartic protease mainly located at the endosomal compartment but also found in the endoplasmic ... Expression of Cathepsin E is downregulated in injured nerves from V30M animals. We have previously performed a transcriptomic ...
The lysosomal endopeptidases Cathepsin D and L are selective and effective proteases for the middle-down characterization of...
Cathepsin D, but not Cathepsin L, also cleaved directly below the Ab hinge, releasing the F(ab)2. When constrained by the ... The Cathepsin L and Cathepsin D clipping motifs were related to sequences of neutral amino acids and the tertiary structure of ... ENZYMES: Cathepsin L-EC 3.4.22.15, Cathepsin D-EC 3.4.23.5. show less ... The lysosomal endopeptidases Cathepsin D and L are selective and effective proteases for the middle-down characterization of ...
Matrix-metalloproteinase-9 is cleaved and activated by Cathepsin K | BMC Research Notes | Full Text
... treatment of recombinant proMMP-9 with recombinant cathepsin K (CTSK) at pH 5 yielded a fragment that corresponded to the ... Drake FH, Dodds RA, James IE, Connor JR, Debouck C, Richardson S et al (1996) Cathepsin K, but not cathepsins B, L, or S, is ... Lysosomal cysteine cathepsin (LCC) is a subgroup of the family of cathepsin proteases that requires an acidic environment for ... Activators of MMP-9 include MMP-2 [14, 15], MMP-3 [14, 16], MMP-7 [17], MMP-10 [18], MMP-13 [19], cathepsin G [20] and ...
Cathepsin K (CTSK) Antibody | Abbexa Ltd
Cathepsin K Antibody is a Mouse Monoclonal against Cathepsin K. ... Anti-Cathepsin O, Anti-Cathepsin O antibody, Cathepsin O ... Anti-Cathepsin X, Anti-Cathepsin X antibody, Cathepsin X antibody, Antibody against Cathepsin X ... Cathepsin K Antibody is a Mouse Monoclonal against Cathepsin K. Target. Cathepsin K (CTSK). ... CTS-K, CTS02, CTSO, CTSO1, CTSO2, PKND, PYCD, Pycnodysostosis, Cathepsin O, Cathepsin X, Anti-CTS-K, Anti-CTS-K antibody, CTS-K ...
InnoZyme™ Cathepsin B Activity Assay Kit, Fluorogenic | CBA001
Cathepsin B Activity Assay Kit, Fluorogenic - Find MSDS or SDS, a COA, data sheets and more information. ... Table 2: Cathepsin B activity in cell lysates. Cathepsin B activity in five human cell line lysates as measured with Cathepsin ... Cathepsin B Inhibitor, Reduction Reagent, Cathepsin B Substrate, and Calibration Standard at -20°C. Control Cathepsin B(aliquot ... Cathepsin B Inhibitor, Reduction Reagent, Cathepsin B Substrate, and Calibration Standard at -20°C. Control Cathepsin B(aliquot ...
Cathepsin S-mediated autophagic flux in tumor-associated macrophages accelerate tumor development by promoting M2 polarization ...
Cathepsin S (Cat S) expression was analyzed in human colon carcinoma and normal colon tissues. In vivo effects were evaluated ... Cathepsin S (Cat S), unlike the ubiquitous cathepsin B (Cat B) and cathepsin L (Cat L), exhibits a restricted tissue expression ... cathepsins are now recognized that cysteine proteases play pivotal roles in cancer progression[20]. Of the cysteine cathepsins ... Cathepsin S (Cat S) expression was analyzed in human colon carcinoma and normal colon tissues. In vivo effects were evaluated ...
Cathepsin K: boon or bale for atherosclerotic plaque stability?
Cathepsin S dominates autoantigen processing in human thymic dendritic cells
Cathepsin | 组织蛋白酶 | 抑制剂 | MCE
There are about 15 classes of cathepsins in humans (Cathepsin A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, L, O, S, V, W, and Z). ... Cathepsins are vital for digestion, coagulation, immune response, adipogenesis, hormone liberation, peptide synthesis, among a ... Cathepsins are proteases with serine, cysteine, or aspartic acid residues as the nucleophiles. ... Cathepsin X-IN-1 Inhibitor 98.81% Cathepsin X-IN-1 (compound 25) 是一种有效的 组织蛋白酶 X 抑制剂,IC50 为 7.13 µM。Cathepsin X-IN-1 降低 PC-3 细胞迁 ...
Cathepsin S: investigating an old player in lung disease pathogenesis, comorbidities, and potential therapeutics | Respiratory...
... a lysosomal protease and a member of the cysteine cathepsin protease family, is linked to the pathogenesis of multiple diseases ... Dysregulated expression and activity of cathepsin S (CTSS), ... Plasma Cathepsin S and Cathepsin S/cystatin C ratios are ... CTSS is one of 11 cysteine cathepsin proteases, which is the largest cathepsin subclass. Cathepsins B, C, F, H, L, O, and X are ... Cathepsins in human obesity: changes in energy balance predominantly affect cathepsin s in adipose tissue and in circulation. J ...
Cathepsin H › PeptaNova
Inhibition of cathepsin B activity attenuates extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory breast cancer invasion | Breast...
A functional role for cathepsin B was confirmed by the ability of CA074, a cell impermeable and highly selective cathepsin B ... Here we explored a role for active cathepsin B on the cell surface in the invasiveness of IBC. We examined expression of the ... Our study is the first to show that the proteolytic activity of cathepsin B and its co-expression with caveolin-1 contributes ... A statistically significant co-expression of cathepsin B and caveolin-1 was found in IBC patient biopsies, thus validating our ...
November | 2015 | Cathepsin K
ProteasesInhibitorInhibitorsProteaseEnzymesPresence of cathepsinsCtsEProteinsFluorescenceAntibodiesAntibodyInhibitionPeptideTumorGeneAssayELISA KitXenopusExpressionRecombinantSubstrateMacrophagesSequencePathogenesisActivityHomoDegradationActiveDegrade elastinContrastInflammatory breastSignificantlyImmune system
Proteases9
- There is growing recognition that alternative proteolytic enzymes such as the lysosomal cathepsin proteases may initiate or propagate proapoptotic signals, but it is currently unclear how cathepsins mediate apoptosis. (biovision.com)
- Here, we explore the proteases Cathepsins L and D for forming protein fragments from three IgG1s, one IgG2, and one bispecific, knob-and-hole IgG1. (uu.nl)
- Lysosomal cysteine cathepsin (LCC) is a subgroup of the family of cathepsin proteases that requires an acidic environment for optimal activation, and is found mainly in the acidic lysosomes where they participate in protein turnover and degradation of internalized ECM [ 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- CTSS is one of 11 cysteine cathepsin proteases, which is the largest cathepsin subclass. (biomedcentral.com)
- Serine and cysteine cathepsin (Cts) proteases are an important class of intracellular and pericellular enzymes mediating multiple aspects of tumor development. (elsevier.com)
- As well as activity in lysosomal protein degradation, cathepsin C also plays a key role in the activation of granule serine proteases in cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells (granzymes A and B), mast cells (chymase and tryptase) and neutrophils (cathepsin G, neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3). (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
- Cathepsins B and B-like proteases are identified in various species [ 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
- Cathepsins B-like and L-like cysteine proteases are found in Caenorhabditis elegans [ 4 , 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
- Moreover, several cathepsins and cathepsin-like proteases are revealed through functional and structural analyses in fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and birds in addition to mammals [ 11 ]. (ijbs.com)
Inhibitor6
- 6, 7 Further, in one animal model of photoaging, a cathepsin G inhibitor prevented UVB-induced ECM degradation, suggesting activation of the enzyme by UVB as well. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
- Once activated, cathepsin G degrades fibronectin (FN) into fragments that induce and up-regulate the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1 and MMP-2) while simultaneously inhibiting the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1)-the natural inhibitor of MMPs. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
- Stopped-flow kinetics showed that the inhibition of the lysosomal cysteine proteinase, cathepsin B, by its endogenous inhibitor, cystatin C, occurs by a two-step mechanism, in which an initial, weak interaction is followed by a conformational change. (lu.se)
- article{d5c1ff8e-0690-4d5e-85b5-097b38cc0bdd, abstract = {{Stopped-flow kinetics showed that the inhibition of the lysosomal cysteine proteinase, cathepsin B, by its endogenous inhibitor, cystatin C, occurs by a two-step mechanism, in which an initial, weak interaction is followed by a conformational change. (lu.se)
- A functional role for cathepsin B was confirmed by the ability of CA074, a cell impermeable and highly selective cathepsin B inhibitor, to significantly reduce pericellular proteolysis and invasion by SUM149 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- 100 muM for cathepsin B). This compound could act as a new lead for the further development of improved inhibitors within this inhibitor type. (canada.ca)
Inhibitors9
- Active cathepsins, cathepsin inhibitors and cathepsin antibodies are also available. (biovision.com)
- The Calbiochem ® Cathepsin B Activity Assay Kit, Fluorogenic is designed to measure cathepsin B activity in tissues extracts and cell lysates, and for screening cathepsin B inhibitors. (emdmillipore.com)
- Exploration of the P1 SAR of aldehyde cathepsin K inhibitors. (expasy.org)
- By screening a combinatorial pentapeptide amide collection in an inhibition assay, we systematically evaluated the potential of 19 proteinogenic amino acids and seven nonproteinogenic amino acids to serve as building blocks for inhibitors of human cathepsin L. Particularly efficient were aromatic, bulky, hydrophobic amino-acid residues, especially leucine, and positively charged residues, especially arginine. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- This random approach for the design of inhibitors was introduced to compensate for the inaccuracy induced by shifted docking of combinatorial compound collections at the active center of cathepsin L. Thereby, we obtained structurally defined pentapeptide amides which inhibited human cathepsin L at nanomolar concentrations. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- Among the most potent novel inhibitors, one peptide, RKLLW-NH2, shares the amphiphilic character of the nonamer fragment VMNGLQNRK of the autoinhibitory, substrate-like, but reverse-binding prosegment of human cathepsin L which blocks the active center of the enzyme. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- Highly potent inhibitors of human cathepsin L identified by screening combinatorial pentapeptide amide collections", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY , vol. 267, 2000, pp. 5085-5092. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- In a search for selective cathepsin L inhibitors as anticancer agents, a series of 2-cyanoprrolidine peptidomimetics, carrying a nitrile group as warhead, were designed. (canada.ca)
- Inflammasome activation was confirmed using inhibitors of cathepsin B and Caspase-1. (cdc.gov)
Protease15
- Synthesis of the tripeptide Z-Phe-Arg-SerNH2 has been accomplished by a recombinant cysteine protease, cathepsin L1 from liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica), using Z-Phe-Arg-OMe as acyl acceptor and SerNH2 as nucleophile in 0.1 M ammonium acetate pH 9.0-12.5% v/v acetonitrile at 37 °C. LC-MS detection indicated tripeptide formation after 10 min, continuing up to 5.5 h. (dcu.ie)
- ABSTRACT: Cathepsin S is a cysteine protease highly expressed in many type of cancers including colorectal, prostate, breast, and glioblastoma's. (scirp.org)
- Elevated levels of the cysteine protease cathepsin S (cat S) are found in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung secretions, however, the role of cat S in CF lung disease is unclear. (ersjournals.com)
- Cathepsin G, a serine protease found in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), functions in inflammation. (enzolifesciences.com)
- BACKGROUND-: Cathepsin K (catK), a lysosomal cysteine protease, was identified in a gene-profiling experiment that compared human early plaques, advanced stable plaques, and advanced atherosclerotic plaques containing a thrombus, where it was highly upregulated in advanced stable plaques. (elsevier.com)
- Cathepsin D is an estrogen-regulated, lysosomal acidic protease associated with tissue breakdown. (scrippslabs.com)
- Cathepsins are protease enzymes, categorized into multiple families. (medchemexpress.cn)
- Cathepsins can be serine protease, cysteine protease, or aspartyl protease. (medchemexpress.cn)
- Dysregulated expression and activity of cathepsin S (CTSS), a lysosomal protease and a member of the cysteine cathepsin protease family, is linked to the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including a number of conditions affecting the lungs. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this review, we will focus on one cysteine protease in particular, cathepsin S (CTSS), and outline the research supporting its growing importance in pulmonary diseases and the potential of targeting of CTSS as a therapeutic option. (biomedcentral.com)
- We examined expression of the cysteine protease cathepsin B and the serine protease urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor uPAR and caveolin-1 in two IBC cell lines: SUM149 and SUM190. (biomedcentral.com)
- The Magic Red Cathepsin K Kit uses a quick and easy method to analyze intracellular cathepsin K protease activity in whole living cells. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
- Cathepsin Magic Red Kits measure cathepsin K protease activity by detecting active cathepsins in whole, living cells. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
- Cathepsin C (CatC) is a lysosomal cysteine protease that is constitutively expressed at high levels in lung, kidney, liver and spleen. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
- Cathepsin L superfamily is a multifunctional cysteine protease enzyme and widely distributed in most animals. (ijbs.com)
Enzymes5
- Cathepsins are lysosomal enzymes that are also used as sensitive markers in various toxicological investigations. (biovision.com)
- Normal arteries contained little or no cathepsin K or S. In contrast, macrophages in atheroma contained abundant immunoreactive cathepsins K and S. Intimal smooth muscle cells (SMC), especially cells appearing to traverse the internal elastic laminae, also contained these enzymes. (harvard.edu)
- The presence of cathepsins K and S at sites of vascular matrix remodeling and the ability of SMC and macrophages to use these enzymes to degrade elastin supports a role for elastolytic cathepsins in vessel wall remodeling and identifies novel therapeutic targets in regulating plaque stability. (harvard.edu)
- ENZYMES: Cathepsin L-EC 3.4.22.15, Cathepsin D-EC 3.4.23.5. (uu.nl)
- As multifunctional enzymes, cysteine cathepsins widely exist particularly in lysosomes. (ijbs.com)
Presence of cathepsins1
- Instead, their methodology is based on a cell-permeable and non-cytotoxic reagent which is cleaved in the presence of cathepsins to produce a fluorescent product. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
CtsE1
- Cathepsin E (CtsE) is an important intermediate for antigen presentation and chemotaxis, but its role in the pathogenesis of FAP disease remains unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins3
- Cathepsin H, like cathepsin L and B, is involved in the catabolism of proteins in the lysosomal system. (athensresearch.com)
- Rodents contain 10 cysteine cathepsins and carry additional genes that express other cathepsins and cathepsin-like proteins [ 10 ]. (ijbs.com)
- Western blotting showed increased Cox-2, Cyclin E, KLF4 and c-myc proteins and decreased expression of Cathepsin D. In addition, the KLF4 protein was higher in the chemically-induced cell strains compared to the spontaneously-occurring cell strains while COX-2 was higher in the spontaneously-occurring cell strains. (cdc.gov)
Fluorescence2
- BioVision's newly developed Cathepsin Activity Assay kits are fluorescence-based assays that utilize the preferred substrate sequence for each cathepsin, labeled with AFC (amino-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin). (biovision.com)
- The CB-NP could accumulate in tumor tissues, enter into tumor cells, and generate fluorescent signals in cytosol in response to cathepsin B. The results of non-invasive fluorescence imaging in a tumor-bearing mouse model demonstrated the potential of CB-NP for tumor diagnosis in clinical fields. (elsevier.com)
Antibodies2
Antibody4
- 2010) Antibody targeting of cathepsin S inhibits angiogenesis and synergistically enhances anti-VEGF. (scirp.org)
- In recent years, antibody research specifically targeting Cathepsin S to block/inhibit tumorigenic effects were generated some positive preclinical data. (scirp.org)
- This mini-review provides an overview of therapeutic antibody targeting Cathepsin S strategies in the last half decade, focusing on the rationale of cell-surface Cathepsin S targeted and their potential clinical application. (scirp.org)
- Cathepsin K Antibody is a Mouse Monoclonal against Cathepsin K. (abbexa.com)
Inhibition1
- The presence of this loop, which allows the enzyme to function as an exopeptidase, thus complicates the inhibition mechanism, rendering cathepsin B much less susceptible than other cysteine. (lu.se)
Peptide4
- Cathepsin H functions as an aminopeptidase in secretory vesicles for production of enkephalin and galanin peptide neurotransmitters. (athensresearch.com)
- The Magic Red reagent contains a cathepsin K target sequence peptide (LR) 2 linked to a red (Cresyl Violet) fluorescent probe. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
- We developed a cathepsin B-sensitive nanoprobe (CB-NP) with a cathepsin B substrate peptide probe and tumor-targeting glycol chitosan nanoparticles. (elsevier.com)
- Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within endosomes. (bioss.com.cn)
Tumor1
- Expression array and real time PCR analysis demonstrated increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitory factor p16 and the apoptotic factor Cathepsin D in all of the tumor cell strains. (cdc.gov)
Gene4
- Cathepsin D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSD gene. (bosterbio.com)
- Positive selection was the specific cause of differentiation of cathepsin L family genes, confirming that gene function variation after expansion events was related to interactions with the environment and adaptability. (ijbs.com)
- Cathepsin C gene variants in aggressive periodontitis. (cdc.gov)
- Identification of novel mutation in cathepsin C gene causing Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome in Mexican patients. (cdc.gov)
Assay1
- The effect of Polygonum aviculare extract a on cathepsin G activity was evaluated using an enzymatic assay. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
ELISA Kit4
- Rat Cathepsin S (CTSS) ELISA kit is Available at Gentaur Genprice with the fastest delivery. (joplink.net)
- CusabioHuman Cathepsin S (CTSS) ELISA Kit is Available at Gentaur Genprice with the fastest delivery.Online Order Payment is possible or send. (joplink.net)
- CusabioRat Cathepsin L1 (CTSL1) ELISA kit is Available at Gentaur Genprice with the fastest delivery.Online Order Payment is possible or send. (joplink.net)
- Human Cathepsin D ELISA Kit PicoKine™ (96 Tests). (bosterbio.com)
Xenopus1
- Cathepsin L in zebrafish, cathepsins S and K in xenopus, and cathepsin L in mice and rats underwent evident tandem-repeat events. (ijbs.com)
Expression9
- This study examined the expression of the potent elastases cathepsins S and K in human atheroma. (harvard.edu)
- Over-expression of Cathepsin D is also linked to tumorigenesis in prostate cancer and to aggressive forms of colorectal cancer and lung adenocarcinoma. (scrippslabs.com)
- Cathepsin S (Cat S) expression was analyzed in human colon carcinoma and normal colon tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
- IBC patient biopsies were examined for expression of cathepsin B and caveolin-1. (biomedcentral.com)
- A statistically significant co-expression of cathepsin B and caveolin-1 was found in IBC patient biopsies, thus validating our in vitro data. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our study is the first to show that the proteolytic activity of cathepsin B and its co-expression with caveolin-1 contributes to the aggressiveness of IBC. (biomedcentral.com)
- High Expression of Cathepsin E is associated with Tissues but Not Blood of Patients with Barrett's Esophagus and Adenocarcinoma. (cusabio.com)
- In this work , we reveal the relationship between the expression of cathepsins and radioresistance in GBM. (bvsalud.org)
- 18. Hie M, Shimono M, Fujii K, Tsukamoto I. Increased cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase expression in bone of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. (bvsalud.org)
Recombinant1
- Also, treatment of recombinant proMMP-9 with recombinant cathepsin K (CTSK) at pH 5 yielded a fragment that corresponded to the molecular weight of active MMP-9, and showed MMP-9 activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Substrate1
- Cell lysates or other samples that contain cathepsins will cleave the synthetic substrate to release free AFC. (biovision.com)
Macrophages1
- Decreased activity of cathepsin E produced by decidual macrophages might be responsible for the induction of miscarriages in some recurrent miscarriage patients. (cusabio.com)
Sequence2
- A DNA sequence encoding the Homo sapiens (Human) Cathepsin F, was expressed in the hosts and tags indicated. (enquirebio.com)
- See the reference protein sequence for cathepsin E precursor (NP_001120469.1). (beds.ac.uk)
Pathogenesis1
- Cathepsin E, mitochondrial fission, and caspase activation/apoptosis are linked in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. (cusabio.com)
Activity3
- Fifty plants initially were screened for activity against the cathepsin G enzyme to find the best botanical extract to inhibit its activity (data not shown). (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
- Cultured human SMC displayed no immunoreactive cathepsins K and S and exhibited little or no elastolytic activity when incubated with insoluble elastin. (harvard.edu)
- A comparative structure model of splice variant 2 was computed based on its alignment to the known structure of cathepsin E intermediate (Protein Data Bank code 1TZS) and used to rationalize its conformational properties and loss of activity. (cusabio.com)
Homo1
- All 11 cysteine cathepsins are detected in Homo sapiens (human) through a bioinformatic study on the human genome [ 9 ]. (ijbs.com)
Degradation2
- Cathepsin G has recently emerged as an important mediator of proteolytic ECM degradation in photoaging. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
- Downregulation of caveolin-1, the structural protein of caveolae, reduces the cell surface association of cathepsin B and decreases degradation of type IV collagen and invasion by the colon cancer cells, consistent with a functional role for caveolae-associated cathepsin B in invasion [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Active3
- SMC stimulated with the atheroma-associated cytokines IL-1beta or IFN-gamma secreted active cathepsin S and degraded substantial insoluble elastin (15-20 microg/10(6) cells/24 h). (harvard.edu)
- Here we explored a role for active cathepsin B on the cell surface in the invasiveness of IBC. (biomedcentral.com)
- We observed that uPA, uPAR and enzymatically active cathepsin B were colocalized in caveolae fractions isolated from SUM149 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Degrade elastin1
- In addition, cathepsin G has been shown in vitro to degrade elastin into fragments that can be further processed by elastase. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
Contrast1
- Cysteine peptidases of Eudiplozoon nipponicum: a broad repertoire of structurally assorted cathepsins L in contrast to the scarcity of cathepsins B in an invasive species of haematophagous monogenean of common carp. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Inflammatory breast1
- Cathepsin B: a potential prognostic marker for inflammatory breast cancer. (bvsalud.org)
Significantly1
- Measurements of cell-associated enzyme activities showed that lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, and cathepsin D were significantly increased. (aai.org)
Immune system1
- Emerging roles of cathepsin E in immune system cells and skin keratinocytes, and in host defense against cancer cells. (cusabio.com)