Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
Membrane Transport Proteins
Biological Transport
Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
A family of sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters that transport the amino acid GLYCINE. They differ from GLYCINE RECEPTORS, which signal cellular responses to GLYCINE. They are located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of NEURONS; GLIAL CELLS; EPITHELIAL CELLS; and RED BLOOD CELLS where they remove inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine from the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE.
Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
A family of plasma membrane neurotransmitter transporter proteins that couple the uptake of GLUTAMATE with the import of SODIUM ions and PROTONS and the export of POTASSIUM ions. In the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM they regulate neurotransmission through synaptic reuptake of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Outside the central nervous system they function as signal mediators and regulators of glutamate metabolism.
Cell Membrane
GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
A family of plasma membrane neurotransmitter transporter proteins that regulates extracellular levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. They differ from GABA RECEPTORS, which signal cellular responses to GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. They control GABA reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through high-affinity sodium-dependent transport.
Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
Sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of noradrenergic neurons. They remove NOREPINEPHRINE from the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE by high affinity reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS. It regulates signal amplitude and duration at noradrenergic synapses and is the target of ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS.
Symporters
The antidepressant-sensitive dopamine transporter in Drosophila melanogaster: a primordial carrier for catecholamines. (1/29)
Extracellular concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters are regulated by a family of high-affinity transporters that are the molecular targets for such psychoactive drugs as cocaine, amphetamines, and therapeutic antidepressants. In Drosophila melanogaster, cocaine-induced behaviors show striking similarities to those induced in vertebrate animal models. Although a cocaine-sensitive serotonin carrier exists in flies, there has been no pharmacological or molecular evidence to support the presence of distinct carrier subtypes for other bioactive monoamines. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a cocaine-sensitive fly dopamine transporter (dDAT). In situ hybridization demonstrates that dDAT mRNA expression is restricted to dopaminergic cells in the fly nervous system. The substrate selectivity of dDAT parallels that of the mammalian DATs in that dopamine and tyramine are the preferred substrates, whereas octopamine is transported less efficiently, and serotonin not at all. In contrast, dDAT inhibitors display a rank order of potency most closely resembling that of mammalian norepinephrine transporters. Cocaine has a moderately high affinity to the cloned dDAT (IC50 = 2.6 microM). Voltage-clamp analysis of dDAT expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes indicates that dDAT-mediated uptake is electrogenic; however, dDAT seems to lack the constitutive leak conductance that is characteristic of the mammalian catecholamine transporters. The combination of a DAT-like substrate selectivity and norepinephrine transporter-like inhibitor pharmacology within a single carrier, and results from phylogenetic analyses, suggest that dDAT represents an ancestral catecholamine transporter gene. The identification of a cocaine-sensitive target linked to dopaminergic neurotransmission in D. melanogaster will serve as a basis for further dissection of the genetic components of psychostimulant-mediated behavior. (+info)Norsalsolinol uptake into secretory vesicles via vesicular monoamine transporter and its secretion by membrane depolarization or purinoceptor stimulation in PC12 cells. (2/29)
The intracellular dynamics of norsalsolinol, a neurotoxin candidate causing parkinsonism-like symptoms, in PC12 cells was studied. We found that dopamine and norsalsolinol are co-localized to secretory granule layer by sucrose density gradient in norsalsolinol-treated PC12 cells. The norsalsolinol was actively taken up into isolated secretory vesicle fraction from PC12 cells with a Km value of 41.5+/-6.8 microM. The uptake of 10 microM of norsalsolinol was sensitive to reserpine (1 microM), an inhibitor of vesicular dopamine transporter, and dopamine, an endogenous substrate, but insensitive to GBR-12909, an inhibitor of dopamine transporter on plasma membrane. In norsalsolinol-treated PC12 cells, exposure to high K+ or ATP resulted in simultaneous release of norsalsolinol and dopamine. Time course of a release of dopamine and that of norsalsolinol evoked by 50 mM KCl or 100 microM ATP corresponded to each other. These releases were dependent on the concentrations of secretagogues. These data suggest that norsalsolinol is taken up with dopamine into secretory vesicle via vesicular catecholamine transporter. (+info)A Na(+)/Cl(-)-dependent transporter for catecholamines, identified as a norepinephrine transporter, is expressed in the brain of the teleost fish medaka (Oryzias latipes). (3/29)
We report the isolation, functional characterization, and localization of a Na(+)/Cl(-)-dependent catecholamine transporter (meNET) present in the brain of the teleost fish medaka. This carrier is very similar to the human neuronal norepinephrine transporter (NET) and the human neuronal dopamine transporter (DAT), showing 70 and 64% amino acid identity, respectively. When expressed in COS-7 cells, this transporter mediates the high-affinity uptake of dopamine (K(M) = 290 nM) and norepinephrine (K(M) = 640 nM). Its pharmacological profile reveals more similarities with NET, including a high affinity for the tricyclic antidepressants desipramine (IC(50) = 0.92 nM) and nortriptyline (IC(50) = 16 nM). In situ hybridization on the medaka brain shows that meNET mRNA is present only in a subset of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons found in the noradrenergic areas of the hindbrain, such as the locus ceruleus and area postrema. None of the dopaminergic areas anterior to the isthmus contains any labeled neurons. Neither reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers specific for gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter/NET nor autoradiographic experiments with [(125)I]3b-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane-2b-carboxylic acid methyl ester revealed an additional catecholamine transporter in the medaka brain. Uptake experiments with medaka brain synaptosomes show an endogenous transport with a pharmacological profile identical to that of the recombinant meNET. Thus, meNET is probably the predominant--if not the only--catecholamine transporter in the medaka fish brain. In view of the highly conserved primary structures and pharmacological properties of meNET, it is tempting to speculate that a specific dopamine transport developed later in vertebrate evolution and probably accompanied the tremendous enlargement of the meso-telencephalic dopaminergic pathways in amniotes. (+info)Tissue distribution and renal developmental changes in rat organic cation transporter mRNA levels. (4/29)
Organic cation transporters (OCTs) are responsible for excretion of cationic substances into urine. Tissue OCT expression may be important for the disposition and excretion of xenobiotics. Therefore, OCT1, OCT2, OCT3, OCTN1, and OCTN2 mRNA levels were measured in adult rat tissues and rat kidney tissue at various stages of development from day 0 to 45. OCT1 mRNA expression was highest in kidney and spleen, moderate in skin, and low in the gastrointestinal tract, brain, lung, thymus, muscle, and prostate. OCT2 mRNA levels were highest in kidney, with low expression in other tissues, and with renal OCT2 levels being approximately 4 times higher in males than that in females. In gonadectomized males, OCT2 mRNA levels were attenuated to female levels, suggesting a role for testosterone in OCT2 expression. OCT3 was moderately expressed in kidney and was highest in blood vessel, skin, and thymus. OCTN1 was expressed in most of the tissues examined, with relatively higher expression in kidney and ileum and lower levels in thymus. Lastly, OCTN2 was expressed abundantly in kidney and ileum, moderately in large intestine, dorsal prostate, bladder, duodenum, and cerebellum, and minimally in thymus, spleen, and cerebral cortex. Renal OCT1, OCTN1, and OCTN2 mRNA levels increased gradually from postnatal day 0 through day 45 in both genders. Renal OCT2 levels remained the same in males and females through day 25 and then dramatically increased only in male kidney after day 30. In summary, OCT mRNA was detected primarily in kidney, and the high level of renal OCT expression may explain why the kidney is a target organ for xenobiotics with cationic properties. (+info)Reduced expression of organic cation transporters rOCT1 and rOCT2 in experimental diabetes. (5/29)
Recent reports have documented a functional deficit of organic cation transport in diabetic rats by an unknown mechanism. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that experimental diabetes decreases expression of organic cation transporters at the basolateral membrane. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were maintained for varying durations after induction of diabetes. A second group of age-matched control rats was maintained in a parallel manner. Kinetic analysis of tetraethylammonium accumulation in freshly isolated proximal tubular cells indicated a significantly lower V(max) value for the diabetics versus controls with no statistical difference in K(m) values between the two groups. Cortex sections were processed by standard procedures for Northern and immunoblot analysis. Protein expression of the organic cation transporters rOCT1 and rOCT2 progressively decreased with increasing duration of diabetes. After 21 days of diabetes, rOCT1 and rOCT2 were maximally reduced by 50 and 70%, respectively. Quantification of mRNA expression revealed that the roct1 transcript remained unchanged, whereas the roct2 transcript was decreased by 50% after 14 days of diabetes. Treatment with insulin prevented the reductions in transporter levels. These results support the hypothesis by demonstrating that experimental diabetes decreased expression of both rOCT1 and rOCT2 protein and also of roct2 mRNA accumulation. On the other hand, roct1 mRNA levels were unaffected by the diabetic state. This suggests that differences in rOCT2 protein may result from transcriptional and/or translational changes, whereas rOCT1 deficits may be due to posttranscriptional alterations. (+info)Transcriptional regulation of murine Slc22a1 (Oct1) by peroxisome proliferator agonist receptor-alpha and -gamma. (6/29)
The transport and metabolism of organic cationic endobiotics, nutrients, and drugs are essential hepatic functions. Slc22A1 is the basolateral liver transporter mediating the uptake of organic cations; however, little is known about the regulation of this transport protein. Peroxisome proliferator agonist receptor (PPAR)-alpha and -gamma agonists are commonly used agents that regulate many hepatocellular transport functions. Thus the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of PPAR agonists on the hepatic regulation and function of Slc22a1. Mice and H35 cells were administered PPAR-alpha and -gamma agonists, and the effect on Slc22a1 gene expression was measured. We subsequently cloned the Slc22a1 promoter and employed chimeric constructs to assay Slc22a1 gene transcription. The effects of PPAR-agonist treatment on organic cation uptake was also assayed. Slc22a1 expression was increased by PPAR-alpha and -gamma agonist treatment in both murine livers and H35 cells. Gene expression in H35 cells was further increased following transfection with expression vectors of PPAR transcription factors and PPAR agonist treatment. We cloned the promoter region of Slc22a1 and identified a PPAR-response element, and transfections with chimeric Slc22a1; promoter-reporter gene constructs demonstrate that the increased gene expression was transcriptionally regulated. Functional assays confirmed that cells treated with PPAR agonists displayed significant increases in organic cation uptake. PPAR-alpha and -gamma agonists transcriptionally increase Slc22a1 gene expression, and the increased Slc22a1 expression results in enhanced cellular organic cation uptake. These studies may have implication for the uptake of organic cationic drugs and for lipid metabolism. (+info)Subtype-specific affinity for corticosterone of rat organic cation transporters rOCT1 and rOCT2 depends on three amino acids within the substrate binding region. (7/29)
The affinity of corticosterone to organic cation transporters (OCTs) is subtype- and species-dependent. For example, the IC50 values for corticosterone inhibition of cation uptake by transporters rOCT1 and rOCT2 are approximately 150 and approximately 4 microM, respectively. By introducing domains and amino acids from rOCT2 into rOCT1, we found that the exchange of three amino acids in the presumed 10th transmembrane alpha helix is sufficient to increase the affinity of rOCT1 for corticosterone to that of rOCT2. Replacement of these amino acids in rOCT2 decreased the affinity for corticosterone. These amino acids (Ala443, Leu447, and Gln448 in rOCT1 and Ile443, Tyr447, and Glu448 in rOCT2) are probably located within the substrate binding region because in rOCT1 mutants, the K(m) values for uptake of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) were decreased in parallel with a decrease of the IC50 values for the inhibition of cation uptake by corticosterone. In mutant rOCT1(L447Y/Q448E), the IC50 value for the inhibition of [3H]MPP (0.1 microM) uptake by corticosterone (24 +/- 4 microM) was significantly higher compared with the IC50 value for inhibition of [14C]TEA (10 microM) uptake (5.3 +/- 1.7 microM). This finding suggests an allosteric interaction between transported cation and corticosterone. Because this substrate-specific effect cannot be explained by differential replacement of corticosterone by MPP versus TEA and was observed after point mutations within the presumed substrate region, the data suggest that MPP or TEA bind to the substrate binding region simultaneously with corticosterone and cause a short-range allosteric effect on the corticosterone binding site. (+info)A species difference in the transport activities of H2 receptor antagonists by rat and human renal organic anion and cation transporters. (8/29)
A clinical drug-drug interaction between famotidine (a H2 receptor antagonist) and probenecid has not been reproduced in rats. The present study hypothesized that the species-dependent probenecid sensitivity is due to a species difference in the contribution of renal organic anion and cation transporters. The transport activities of the H2 receptor antagonists (cimetidine, famotidine, and ranitidine) by rat and human basolateral organic anion and cation transporters [human organic anion transporter (hOAT) 1, hOAT2, r/hOAT3, rat organic cation transporter (rOct) 1, and r/hOCT2] were compared using their cDNA transfectants. The transport activities (Vmax/Km) of famotidine (Km, 345 microM) by rOat3 were 8- and 15-fold lower than those of cimetidine (Km, 91 microM) and ranitidine (Km, 155 microM), respectively, whereas the activity by hOAT3 (Km, 124 microM) was 3-fold lower than that of cimetidine (Km, 149 microM) but similar to that of ranitidine (Km, 234 microM). Comparison of the relative transport activity with regard to that of cimetidine suggests that famotidine was more efficiently transported by hOAT3 than rOat3, and vice versa, for ranitidine. Only ranitidine was efficiently transported by hOAT2 (Km, 396 microM). rOct1 accepts all of the H2 receptor antagonists with a similar activity, whereas the transport activities of ranitidine and famotidine (Km, 61/56 microM) by r/hOCT2 were markedly lower than that of cimetidine (Km, 69/73 microM). Probenecid was a potent inhibitor of r/OAT3 (Ki, 2.6-5.8 microM), whereas it did not interact with OCTs. These results suggest that, in addition to the absence of OCT1 in human kidney, a species difference in the transport activity by hOAT3 and rOat3 accounts, at least in part, for the species difference in the drug-drug interaction between famotidine and probenecid. (+info)
History of catecholamine research
... the three transport mechanisms have been traced to the proteins and their genes since 1990. They now comprise the plasma ... Membranes play a twofold role for catecholamines: catecholamines must pass through membranes and deliver their chemical message ... With the reserpine-sensitive uptake from the cytoplasm into the storage vesicles there were thus three catecholamine membrane ... Axelrod's group in Bethesda wished to clarify the in vivo fate of catecholamines using radioactively labelled catecholamines of ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.776.157)
... catecholamine plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH D12.776.157.530.562.374.500.500 - dopamine plasma membrane transport ... dopamine plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH D12.776.157.530.450.625.139 - gaba plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH ... gaba plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH D12.776.157.530.562.374.781 - glutamate plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH ... glycine plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH D12.776.157.530.562.374.875 - serotonin plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.776.543)
... catecholamine plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH D12.776.543.585.562.374.500.500 - dopamine plasma membrane transport ... dopamine plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH D12.776.543.585.450.625.139 - gaba plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH ... gaba plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH D12.776.543.585.562.374.781 - glutamate plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH ... glycine plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH D12.776.543.585.562.374.875 - serotonin plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH ...
Methamphetamine
In addition to its effect on the plasma membrane monoamine transporters, methamphetamine inhibits synaptic vesicle function by ... since both MAOIs and methamphetamine increase plasma catecholamines; therefore, concurrent use of both is dangerous. ... it triggers transporter phosphorylation via protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, ultimately resulting ... production and either completely inhibits or reverses the transport direction of the dopamine transporter (DAT), norepinephrine ...
Hormone receptor
... hormones are located on the plasma membrane because they have bound to a receptor protein located on the plasma membrane. Water ... Second messengers may also be sent to interact with intracellular receptors in order to enter the complex signal transport ... Water-soluble hormones include glycoproteins, catecholamines, and peptide hormones composed of polypeptides, e.g. thyroid- ... G-protein-coupled membrane receptors(GPCR) are a major class of transmembrane receptors. The features of G proteins include GDP ...
Mast cell
The mast cell granule can now fuse with the plasma membrane. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion attachment protein ... A study of cyclic AMP levels and effects of catecholamines". Agents and Actions. 13 (2-3): 132-7. doi:10.1007/bf01967316. PMID ... that is involved in activation of H+ transport and other associated changes of oxyntic cells. In anaphylaxis (a severe systemic ... Complement proteins can activate membrane receptors on mast cells to exert various functions as well. Mast cells express a high ...
SLC22A3
The encoded protein contains twelve putative transmembrane domains and is a plasma integral membrane protein. OCT3 is widely ... Capacity for transport and affinity for these substrates may vary between rat and human isoforms however. Transport activity of ... "Molecular identification of the corticosterone-sensitive extraneuronal catecholamine transporter". Nat. Neurosci. 1 (5): 349- ... 2007). "The organic cation transporters (OCT1, OCT2, EMT) and the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) show ...
Red blood cell
These membrane proteins can perform a wide diversity of functions, such as transporting ions and molecules across the red cell ... The iron is released into the plasma to be recirculated by a carrier protein called transferrin. Almost all red blood cells are ... Inhibitors of eryptosis include erythropoietin, nitric oxide, catecholamines and high concentrations of urea. Much of the ... Protein 4.1R-based macromolecular complex - proteins interacting with Protein 4.1R. Protein 4.1R - weak expression of Gerbich ...
Norepinephrine transporter
They are found closer to the plasma membrane of the cell. This requires norepinephrine to diffuse from the site it is released ... The genetic defect in the NET protein results in decreased NET activity that could account for abnormally high NE plasma levels ... The transport of norepinephrine back into presynaptic cell is made possible by the cotransport with Na+ and Cl−. The sequential ... block reabsorption of the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine through monoamine transporters (including NET), thereby ...
Neuron
... the cell body of every neuron is enclosed by a plasma membrane, a bilayer of lipid molecules with many types of protein ... force generated by the enlargement of dendritic spines the transfer of proteins - transneuronally transported proteins (TNTPs) ... Noradrenaline is one of the three common catecholamine neurotransmitter, and the most prevalent of them in the peripheral ... A lipid bilayer is a powerful electrical insulator, but in neurons, many of the protein structures embedded in the membrane are ...
Amphetamine
Approximately 20% of amphetamine circulating in the bloodstream is bound to plasma proteins. Following absorption, amphetamine ... since both MAOIs and amphetamine increase plasma catecholamines (i.e., norepinephrine and dopamine); therefore, concurrent use ... Although the monoamine transport cycle has been resolved in considerable detail, kinetic knowledge on the molecular actions of ... Amphetamine can enter the presynaptic neuron either through DAT or by diffusing across the neuronal membrane directly. As a ...
Brain natriuretic peptide 32
Activates adipocyte plasma membrane type A guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A Increases intracellular cGMP levels that induce the ... Membrane Receptor-mediated elevation of vascular smooth muscle cGMP Inhibition of the effects of catecholamines Promotes ... Reeves WB, Andreoli TE (2008). "Chapter 31 - Sodium Chloride Transport in the Loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted Tubule, and ... Medicine portal C-type natriuretic peptide - Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ...
Renal physiology
... leaving an ultrafiltrate that resembles plasma (except that the ultrafiltrate has negligible plasma proteins) to enter Bowman's ... These transport processes are driven by Starling forces, diffusion, and active transport. In some cases, reabsorption is ... ADH binds to principal cells in the collecting duct that translocate aquaporins to the membrane, allowing water to leave the ... The regulation of glucose production in the kidney is achieved by action of insulin, catecholamines and other hormones. Renal ...
Index of biology articles
... catabolite activator protein - catalyst - catecholamine - celiac disease - cell - cell cycle - cell-mediated immunity - cell ... plasma membrane - plasmid - plasmolysis - plastid - plate tectonics - point mutation - pollenizer - pollination - pollinator - ... transport vesicle - transposon - Traube cell - trophic level - tropism - tubulin - tumor - turgor - Turner syndrome - twin urea ... protein biosynthesis - protein - protein translocation - proteolysis - proteome - proteomics - protist - protista - proton pump ...
Dopamine
Torres GE, Gainetdinov RR, Caron MG (January 2003). "Plasma membrane monoamine transporters: structure, regulation and function ... It is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families. Dopamine constitutes about 80% of the catecholamine ... These amino acids are found in nearly every protein and so are readily available in food, with tyrosine being the most common. ... After synthesis, dopamine is transported from the cytosol into synaptic vesicles by a solute carrier-a vesicular monoamine ...
Taipoxin
A more specific membrane binding would lead to accumulation of taipoxin in the plasma membranes of motor-neurons. The treatment ... Protein articles without symbol, Protein pages needing a picture, Neurotoxins, Vertebrate toxins, Acetylcholine release ... There it enhanced catecholamine release in depolarizing cells by disassembling F-actin in the cytoskeletal barrier. This could ... which would give more insight into how Taipoxin is transported to the nerve terminals and intramuscular axons. The toxicity of ...
Magnesium deficiency
... including proteins and citrate. Roughly 33% is bound to proteins, and 5-10% is not bound.[citation needed] This "free" ... Normal plasma Mg is 1.7-2.3 mg/dL (0.69-0.94 mmol/L). The kidneys regulate the serum magnesium. About 2400 mg of magnesium ... Due to magnesium's mobile nature, the plant will first break down chlorophyll in older leaves and transport the Mg to younger ... This could be the result of an intracellular shift because of an increase in catecholamines. Malabsorption Acute pancreatitis ...
Dopamine transporter
"Functional interaction between monoamine plasma membrane transporters and the synaptic PDZ domain-containing protein PICK1". ... transport, and degradation. The gene for DAT, known as DAT1, is located on chromosome 5p15. The protein encoding region of the ... Exposure of isolated catecholamine vesicles to protonophores collapses the pH gradient and rapidly redistributes transmitter ... Apart from these innate protein-protein interactions, recent studies demonstrated that viral proteins such as HIV-1 Tat protein ...
Oxytocin
This precursor protein also includes the oxytocin carrier protein neurophysin I. The inactive precursor protein is ... At least two uncontrolled studies have found increases in plasma oxytocin at orgasm - in both men and women. Plasma oxytocin ... Luck MR, Jungclas B (September 1987). "Catecholamines and ascorbic acid as stimulators of bovine ovarian oxytocin secretion" ( ... Stancampiano R, Melis MR, Argiolas A (1991). "Proteolytic conversion of oxytocin by brain synaptic membranes: role of ...
Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Atomoxetine is widely distributed and is highly (98%) bound to plasma proteins, mainly albumin. The volume of distribution for ... This stimulus causes the release of catecholamines such as NE. The chemical class of catecholamines has positive chronotropic, ... The NET is located in the plasma membrane of noradrenergic neurons and serves as the fundamental mechanism by terminating the ... "Clinical doses of atomoxetine significantly occupy both norepinephrine and serotonin transports: Implications on treatment of ...
Cortisol
Manchester, KL (1964). "Sites of Hormonal Regulation of Protein Metabolism". In Allison, NH; Munro JB (eds.). Mammalian Protein ... It transports potassium out of cells in exchange for an equal number of sodium ions (see above). This can trigger the ... Ueda Y, Honda M, Tsuchiya M, Watanabe H, Izumi Y, Shiratsuchi T, Inoue T, Hatano M (April 1982). "Response of plasma ACTH and ... ACTH increases the concentration of cholesterol in the inner mitochondrial membrane, via regulation of the steroidogenic acute ...
Induced pluripotent stem cell
... and naked DNA and/or protein compounds. In 2008, Hochedlinger et al. used an adenovirus to transport the requisite four ... with BIX-01294 in combination with the activation of calcium channels in the plasma membrane in order to increase reprogramming ... The presence of catecholamine-associated enzymes may indicate that iPSCs, like hESCs, may be differentiable into dopaminergic ... A non-genetic method of producing iPSCs has been demonstrated using recombinant proteins, but its efficiency was quite low. ...
Vasopressin
Per2 subsequently inhibits the transcription factors Clock and BMAL1 in order to reduce Per2 protein levels in the cell. At the ... Plasma vasopressin concentration is elevated by noxious stimuli, predominantly during abdominal surgery, especially at gut ... For example, AVP is also synthesized by parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the PVN, transported and released at the median ... This occurs through increased transcription and insertion of water channels (Aquaporin-2) into the apical membrane of ...
Perspiration
The allergy is not due to the sweat itself but instead to an allergy-producing protein secreted by bacteria found on the skin. ... In humans, sweat is hypoosmotic relative to plasma (i.e. less concentrated). Sweat is found at moderately acidic to neutral pH ... Diaphoresis due to ectopic catecholamine is a classic symptom of a pheochromocytoma, a rare tumor of the adrenal gland. ... and their fluidic transport to the skin surface. Dissolved in the water are trace amounts of minerals, lactic acid, and urea. ...
Mladen Vranic
... inhibits insulin-dependent stimulation of glucose transport and prevents recruitment of glucose transporters in plasma membrane ... Kaniuk NA, Kiraly M, Bates HE, Vranic M, Volchuck A, Brumell JH (2007). "Ubiquitinated-protein aggregates form in pancreatic β- ... catecholamines and glucagon to hypoglycemia. He proposed a new approach to decrease the threat of hypoglycemia by blocking the ... He also revealed how acute and chronic hyperglycemia affects the expression of GLUT2 gene and protein in diabetes. Vranic ...
Nutritional neuroscience
Proteins known as complete proteins contain all eight of the essential amino acids. Meat, cheese, eggs, and yogurt are all ... and depend on adequate levels of folate within blood plasma. Concentrations of blood plasma folate and homocysteine ... In addition, these defects can also be classified as open, if neural tissue is exposed or covered only by membrane, or can be ... Here it was found that the retinoid receptors which help transport vitamin A were of normal function. Eating foods high in ...
Capacitation
Catecholamines such as norepinephrine at low concentrations have been shown to assist in acrosome reaction induction. The ... Protein tyrosine phosphorylation and capacitation are regulated by a cAMP-dependent pathway" (PDF). Development. 121 (4): 1139- ... The result is a more fluid membrane with an increased permeability to Ca2+ ion. An influx of Ca2+ produces increased ... Bicarbonate is a vital component of capacitation-inducing media, as it is co-transported into the cytosol where it activates ...
Insulin
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) then binds to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ... This protein works as a transcription factor for MafA in an unknown manner and MafA is transported out of the cell. MafA is ... It appears that release of catecholamines by the sympathetic nervous system has conflicting influences on insulin release by ... to a G protein-coupled membrane receptor. Phospholipase C cleaves the membrane phospholipid, phosphatidyl inositol 4,5- ...
Dextroamphetamine
Approximately 20% of amphetamine circulating in the bloodstream is bound to plasma proteins. Following absorption, amphetamine ... since both MAOIs and amphetamine increase plasma catecholamines (i.e., norepinephrine and dopamine); therefore, concurrent use ... DHK-sensitive, EAAT2 uptake was not altered by AMPH (Figure 1A). The remaining glutamate transport in these midbrain cultures ... Despite the challenges in determining synaptic vesicle pH, the proton gradient across the vesicle membrane is of fundamental ...
Immune system
This deposition of complement can also kill cells directly by disrupting their plasma membrane. The adaptive immune system ... protein G), Staphylococcus aureus (protein A), and Peptostreptococcus magnus (protein L). The mechanisms used to evade the ... During pregnancy, a particular type of antibody, called IgG, is transported from mother to baby directly through the placenta, ... Anti-inflammatory molecules, such as cortisol and catecholamines, also peak during awake active times. Inflammation would cause ...
Synaptic fatigue
... as they do during endocytosis of plasma-membrane proteins in other cells (see Figure 17-46). Rather, the recycled vesicles are ... re-uptake begins which is the process of transport proteins clearing out the neurotransmitters from the synapse and recycling ... Under stressed conditions, vesicle exocytosis is potentiated and a release of catecholamines causes depression of presynaptic ... Recycling of synaptic-vesicle membrane proteins is rapid, as indicated by the ability of many neurons to fire fifty times a ...
Melatonin
L-tryptophan is produced in the shikimate pathway from chorismate or is acquired from protein catabolism. First L-tryptophan is ... Mayo JC, Sainz RM, González-Menéndez P, Hevia D, Cernuda-Cernuda R (November 2017). "Melatonin transport into mitochondria". ... March 1995). "Identification of melatonin in plants and its effects on plasma melatonin levels and binding to melatonin ... the enzyme for catecholamine and serotonin biosynthesis". Biochemistry. 31 (8): 2229-38. doi:10.1021/bi00123a004. PMID 1540578 ...
David Sulzer
... with the plasma membrane. This approach also demonstrated that the "size" of the quanta could be altered in numerous ways, for ... Sulzer, D.; Maidment, N.; Rayport, S. (1993). "Amphetamine and other weak bases act to promote reverse transport of dopamine in ... Regulation of cytosolic catecholamines in chromaffin cells". The Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (13): 5835-5845. doi:10.1523/ ... that a cause of Parkinson's disease could be due to an interference with a chaperone-mediated autophagy caused by the protein ...
Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor
It was advised to consider the role of the organic cation transporters (OCT) and the plasma membrane monoamine transporter ( ... Two broad classes of theories have emerged: (1) Changes in protein phosphorylation, gene expression, and protein translation ... It was also supported by work demonstrating that if catecholamine levels were depleted by up to 20% but 5-HT neurotransmission ... MATs are able to transport monoamines other than their "native" neurotransmitter. ...
MTORC2
This autoinhibition is relieved upon binding to PI3K-generated PIP3 at the plasma membrane. mSin1 subunit can also be ... mammalian stress-activated protein kinase interacting protein 1 (mSIN1), and protein observed with rictor 1 and 2 (Protor1/2) ... December 2014). "Catecholamine-induced lipolysis causes mTOR complex dissociation and inhibits glucose uptake in adipocytes". ... "Muscle-specific deletion of rictor impairs insulin-stimulated glucose transport and enhances Basal glycogen synthase activity ...
TAAR1
... must enter the presynaptic neuron through a membrane transport protein or be able to diffuse across the presynaptic membrane in ... indicating that trace amine induced LLA does not act on receptors found on the plasma membrane but requires their transport to ... They were thought to induce noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerve endings and compete for catecholamine or serotonin ... In model cell systems, hTAAR1 has extremely poor membrane expression. A method to induce hTAAR1 membrane expression has been ...
Norepinephrine
Torres GE, Gainetdinov RR, Caron MG (2003). "Plasma membrane monoamine transporters: structure, regulation and function". ... These amino acids are found in nearly every protein and, as such, are provided by ingestion of protein-containing food, with ... Norepinephrine is a catecholamine and a phenethylamine. Its structure differs from that of epinephrine only in that epinephrine ... After synthesis, norepinephrine is transported from the cytosol into synaptic vesicles by the vesicular monoamine transporter ( ...
Methylphenidate
The peak plasma time is achieved at about 2 hours. Methylphenidate has a low plasma protein binding of 10-33% and a volume of ... Exposure of isolated catecholamine vesicles to protonophores collapses the pH gradient and rapidly redistributes transmitter ... Despite the challenges in determining synaptic vesicle pH, the proton gradient across the vesicle membrane is of fundamental ... "reverse transport" through DAT. Sulzer D, Cragg SJ, Rice ME (August 2016). "Striatal dopamine neurotransmission: regulation of ...
Publication Detail
MeSH Browser
Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transporter Proteins Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transporters Catecholamine Transport Protein ... Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins [D12.776.157.530.562.374.500] * Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins [ ... Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins [D12.776.543.585.562.374.500] * Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins [ ... Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins [D12.776.157.530.562.374.781] * Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins [ ...
DeCS
Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins [D12.776.157.530.562.374.500] Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ... Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins [D12.776.543.585.562.374.500] Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ... Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transporter Proteins Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transporters Catecholamine Transport Protein ... Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transporter Proteins. Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transporters. Catecholamine Transport Protein ...
MeSH Browser
Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transporter Proteins Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transporters Catecholamine Transport Protein ... Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins [D12.776.157.530.562.374.500] * Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins [ ... Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins [D12.776.543.585.562.374.500] * Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins [ ... Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins [D12.776.157.530.562.374.781] * Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins [ ...
NDF-RT Code NDF-RT Name
N0000167873 Catechol Oxidase N0000169728 Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins N0000007715 Catecholamines ... Plasma Membrane Calcium-Transporting ATPases N0000169727 Plasma Membrane Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins N0000006444 plasma ... Membrane Glycoproteins N0000007818 Membrane Lipids N0000008286 Membrane Proteins N0000011433 Membrane Transport Proteins ... Associated Membrane Protein 1 N0000168723 Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2 N0000168722 Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein ...
Search Results (236) | Profiles RNS
Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins. Concept. Why? Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins. Concept. Why? ... GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins. Concept. Why? Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins. Concept. Why? ... Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins. Concept. Why? Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins. Concept. Why? ... Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins. Concept. Why? Membrane Transport Proteins. Concept. Why? ...
NEW (2006) MESH HEADINGS WITH SCOPE NOTES (UNIT RECORD FORMAT; 9/3/2005
HN - 2006(1980) BX - Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transporters BX - Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins, Catecholamine- ... Glycine plasma membrane transport proteins are different than HN - 2006(1987) BX - Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins, Glycine ... A group of membrane transport proteins that transport biogenic amine derivatives of catechol across the PLASMA MEMBRANE. ... Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins, Plasma Membrane BX - Neurotransmitter Transporters, Plasma Membrane MH - Plastoquinol- ...
SciELO - Brazil - Anti-inflammatory activity of propolis extracts: a review Anti-inflammatory activity of propolis extracts: a...
PICOT D., LOLL PJ., GAVARITO M. The x-ray crystal structure of the membrane protein prostaglandin H2 synthase-1. Nature, 1996, ... Oxygen is transported by hemoglobins (67); however, excessive quantities of FR are closely related to several inflammatory ... and some plasma compounds) participate in inflammatory events and act on ORTS (11,24). Similarly, in vitro inhibition of PMN ... catecholamine oxidation; 4) uric acid formation through xanthine oxidase; and 5) microsomal enzyme P-450 action on ...
Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling Reveals a Lipid-Rich Fingerprint of Free Thyroxine Far Beyond Classic Parameters, Journal of...
... we were able to show that a hypothesis-free profiling of the small molecule and protein content of plasma samples (so-called ... A total of 177 plasma metabolites and 302 urine metabolites could not be unambiguously assigned to a chemical identity and have ... The associations in urine were minor (12 of 587). Most of the plasma metabolites consisted of lipid species, and subsequent ... In brief, four different approaches were combined: (1) nontargeted MS-based profiling of plasma and urine samples, as reported ...
Pesquisa | Portal Regional da BVS
Luminal membrane proteins from secretory vesicles are therefore transiently exposed at the plasma membrane. Here, we described ... by their transport towards the cell periphery and their docking and fusion to the exocytic sites of the plasma membrane ... In most patients, catecholamine secretion recordings from single Pheo cells revealed a higher number of exocytic events per ... Plasma membrane proteins are amenable to endocytosis assays since they are easily labeled by reagents applied in the ...
PMID- 669642
Membrane functions underlying leucine transport and their relation with thermotropic phase transitions. AB - Various membrane ... The PCV, plasma protein concentration, and pulse rate increased with increasing severity of RTA. Statistically significant ... It is possible that this binding plays an important role in the transport of catecholamines in the blood stream where, it is ... In the ileal segments, transport of water was into the lumen, transport of Na was minimal and variable, whereas transport of Cl ...
DailyMed - NIFEDIPINE capsule
This is thought to be a function of inhibition of calcium transport across the platelet membrane. No clinical significance for ... The degree of serum protein binding of nifedipine is high (92 to 98%). Protein binding may be greatly reduced in patients with ... The increased plasma concentrations most likely result from inhibition of CYP3A4 related first-pass metabolism. Avoid ingestion ... probably related to increased sensitivity to catecholamines. Initiation of nifedipine treatment will not prevent this ...
Mechanisms Of Hormone Actions
When a protein hormone approaches a biological cell, it cannot penetrate through the cells plasma membrane. So the hormone ... After entering the blood, steroidal hormones require some binding protein or carrier protein for transport inside blood from ... E.g., Catecholamines and thyroid hormones (from tyrosine), serotonin (from tryptophan) *Peptide and protein derivatives *These ... On the other hand, the gamma and alpha sub-units have direct interaction with the plasma membrane. The G-protein is also ...
TERM
Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Catecholamines Catechols Catenanes Catenins Catfishes Catgut Catha ... ADAMTS Proteins ADAMTS1 Protein ADAMTS13 Protein ADAMTS4 Protein ADAMTS5 Protein ADAMTS7 Protein ADAMTS9 Protein Adansonia ... Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins Electron Transport Complex I Electron Transport Complex II Electron Transport Complex ... ELAV Proteins ELAV-Like Protein 1 ELAV-Like Protein 2 ELAV-Like Protein 3 ELAV-Like Protein 4 Elbow Elbow Joint Elbow ...
JCI -
Volume 93, Issue 3
These studies demonstrated for the first time that a membrane protein that catalyzed the transport of anionic amphiphilic ... a physiological situation characterized by a dramatic but transient increase in plasma catecholamines. We have detected a rapid ... BALF had greater LTA4 hydrolase activity per milligram of protein than neutrophil cytosol, epithelial cell cytosol, plasma, or ... Skeletal muscle protein tyrosine phosphatase activity and tyrosine phosphatase 1B protein content are associated with insulin ...
Characterization of β-Adrenoreceptors of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Erythrocytes | Journal of Experimental Biology |...
Plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured by HPLC (Waters) using electrochemical detection (Woodward, 1982) on a 200 μl ... Working with erythrocyte proteins trapped on borosilicate membranes was a concern with respect to reproducibility and ... Catecholamine-induced transport system in trout erythrocyte. Na+/H+ countertransport or NaCl cotransport? ... The role of catecholamines in erythrocyte pH regulation and oxygen transport in rainbow trout during exercise ...
NLM History of Medicine Division Finding Aids
"Cytoplasmic Protein Synthesis in Cells of Various Types and its Relation to Nuclear Protein Synthesis", 1965 ... Lewis / "Estimation of Plasma Volume of the Heart", 1953. *Niu and Twitty / "The Differentiation of Gastrula Ectoderm in ... Osler / "On a Family Form of Recurring Epistaxis, Associated with Multiple Telangiectases of the Skin and Mucous Membranes", ... Iturriza / "Further Evidences for the Blocking Effect of Catecholamines on the Secretion of Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone in ...
NIH Guide: ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE IN BLACKS
... regulatory proteins, calcium transport systems, altered myocardial energetics, and catecholamine responsiveness in diabetics o ... The surface charge on the membrane can be altered by oxygen free radicals generated during hypoxic or ischemic stress. Such ... severe glucose intolerance and normal fasting insulin plasma content, it only mimics a subset of NIDDM subjects which are lean ... regulatory proteins, calcium transport systems (sarcolemmal, sarcoplasmic reticular and mitochondrial) and catecholamine ...
Brain natriuretic peptide - wikidoc
Activates adipocyte plasma membrane type A guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A. *Increases intracellular cGMP levels that induce ... Reeves WB, Andreoli TE (2008). "Chapter 31 - Sodium Chloride Transport in the Loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted Tubule, and ... Inhibition of the effects of catecholamines. Promotes uterine spiral artery remodeling, which is important for preventing ... the phosphorylation of a hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin A via the activation of a cGMP-dependent protein kinase-I (cGK- ...
1 - Start Brokers with low spreads CTOption
The sperm surface membranes, including the plasma and llow membranes are lost during sperm penetration through the oocyte zona ... The nuclear uptake of Dorsal protein is thought to be governed by a protein called Cactus, which binds to Dorsal protein and ... The enzymes that control the syn- thesis of catecholamines can be regulated, as noted earlier, at the transcriptional level and ... Glycine 154 of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter, hENT1, is important for nucleoside transport and for conferring ...
It is now recognized that large sets of membrane receptors are linked to proteins that bind and degrade GTP. The GTP binding...
Receptors are distinct molecules that form linkages in the plasma membrane to the GTP- regulatory proteins (G-proteins). G- ... They regulate the activities of membrane processes such as enzymes, ion channels, and transport systems that generate signals ... Sutherland and his colleagues showed during the 60s that adenylyl cyclase activity is inhibited by catecholamines in some ... regulatory protein was shown to transfer from a membrane lacking adenylyl cyclase (human erythrocytes) to cyc-membranes without ...
Pharos : Target List
plasma membrane. 2 Select filter option. cilium. 1 Select filter option. cytoplasm. 1 Select filter option. membrane. 1 ... non-receptor serine/threonine protein kinase. 2 Select filter option. protein kinase. 2 Select filter option. transferase. 2 ... Vesicle-mediated transport. 2 Select filter option. Activation of SMO. 1 Select filter option. Ca-dependent events. 1 Select ... positive regulation of catecholamine secretion. 1 Select filter option. signal transduction. 1 Select filter option. tachykinin ...
A narrative review on the similarities and dissimilarities between myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)...
... permeability and transport mechanisms [136]. Importantly, elevated MDA decreases mitochondrial membrane fluidity [137]. A ... physical activity affect resting levels and response to exercise of plasma oxidant/antioxidant status and heat shock proteins. ... The SNS modulates the immune response at systemic, local and regional levels [93]. Catecholamines inhibit production of ... Lowered synthesis of muscle proteins, proteolysis, and lipolysis and loss of tissue proteins and fats are typically induced by ...
Course Content - #91533: A Review of Infertility - NetCE
In-vitro models have shown that nicotine displays an oxidizing effect on the sperm plasma membrane and sperm DNA, resulting in ... For the time being, animal protein sources should not be replaced with soy proteins but should instead be replaced with other ... The second type of cells, peg cells, produces fluid that aids the transport of sperm toward the oocyte at the fimbriated end ... Another study, published in 2010, postulates that catecholamines released in response to stress can slow blood flow enough to ...
SecretionAdipose tissueRegulateVesiclesMitochondriaNucleicOrganellesTraffickingLipidPeptideReceptorPhysiologicalBindsLipidsKinaseMOLECULAR WEIGHTHormonesCarrierDerivativesReceptorsSelectivelyRegulatoryElevationMoleculesExcessInteractCYTOSKELETONDRUGSSpectroscopyTermSignificantly1998CellConcentrationsLevelsSpecificExerciseUrineActivityCellsActiveBlood plasmaEffectSmallAnimals
Secretion2
- Pheochromocytoma (Pheo) is a neuroendocrine tumor that develops from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, and is responsible for an excess of catecholamine secretion leading to severe clinical symptoms such as hypertension, elevated stroke risk and various cardiovascular complications. (bvsalud.org)
- Upon sensing stress, neurons in the hypothalamus secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which is transported to the pituitary gland, where it binds to the CRH receptor type-1 (CRH-R1) and stimulates the secretion of proopiome-lanocortin (POMC)-derived neuropeptides, including α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), β-endorphin, and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). (handcraftedbeauties.com)
Adipose tissue1
- Net result of insulin on adipose tissue is to inhibit the release of FFA from adipose tissue which results in the fall of circulating plasma FFA level. (emedicodiary.com)
Regulate4
- Catecholamine plasma membrane transporter proteins regulate neural transmission as well as catecholamine metabolism and recycling. (nih.gov)
- AN - coordinate IM with ADENOMA (IM) HN - 2006 BX - Corticotroph Adenoma BX - Pituitary Adenoma, ACTH-Secreting BX - Pituitary Corticotropin-Secreting Adenoma MH - Actin Capping Proteins UI - D051344 MN - D5.750.78.730.32 MN - D12.776.220.525.32 MS - Actin capping proteins are cytoskeletal proteins that bind to the ends of ACTIN FILAMENTS to regulate actin polymerization. (nih.gov)
- They regulate the activities of membrane processes such as enzymes, ion channels, and transport systems that generate signals responsible for mediating the actions of external signals (hormones, neurotransmitters, light, odorants, etc.) on their target cells. (nih.gov)
- Also it is important to create national-level legislation to regulate the administration of drugs utilized to reduce stress in animals destined for human consumption during transport and mitigate the possible effects of their use on public health. (scialert.net)
Vesicles2
- While the flattening of the secreted lipids vesicles form intercellular lamellar disks, which then disperse and join together to form multiple, continuous membrane sheets [9, 10]. (handcraftedbeauties.com)
- On models of biological membranes, sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles and isolated myocardial muscles, it has been shown that reactive oxygen species and redox systems of the cell participate in the regulation of calcium transfer through the ion channels of the membranes. (cardioweb.ru)
Mitochondria1
- It has been shown that the formation of both low molecular weight and protein-related dinitrosyl iron complexes can protect the heart mitochondria from irreversible oxidative modification. (cardioweb.ru)
Nucleic1
- Using NMR spectroscopy, a structural study of peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and other compounds with diverse biological functions is conducted. (cardioweb.ru)
Organelles1
- This is particularly true in the case of neurosecretion, where fusion with the plasma membrane of specific membrane organelles is essential. (bvsalud.org)
Trafficking1
- Editor of a book entitled "Mechanisms of Intracellular Trafficking and Processing of Pro-proteins," Ed. Y.P. Loh, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1993. (nih.gov)
Lipid4
- Recent groundbreaking research has emphasized the critical role of lipid localization at exocytotic sites and validated the essentiality of fusogenic lipids, such as phospholipase D (PLD)-generated phosphatidic acid (PA), during membrane fusion. (bvsalud.org)
- Most of the plasma metabolites consisted of lipid species, and subsequent analysis of highly resolved lipoprotein subclasses measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed a consistent decrease in several of these species (e.g., phospholipids) and large low-density lipoprotein and small high-density lipoprotein particles. (deepdyve.com)
- Complete blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals were previously evaluated (baseline), and at 0, 30 and 120 min. (bvsalud.org)
- It is a group of self-sustaining biochemical reactions that are isolated from the environment by a selectively permeable lipid membrane. (tabers.com)
Peptide1
- Recently, the greatest attention has been paid to the study of the pathways and speeds of enzymatic splitting in blood plasma of a number of peptide inhibitors of the kinase of the light chains of myosin, appelin 12 and peptide fragments of the monocytic chemitaxic protein MCP-1 for the possibility of creating drugs on their basis. (cardioweb.ru)
Receptor1
- The proposed mechanisms of such rapid receptor desensitization include receptor phosphorylation by either cAMP-dependent protein kinase or the specific beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (BARK), leading to functional uncoupling from adenylyl cyclase and sequestration of the receptors away from the cell surface. (jci.org)
Physiological1
- Furthermore, we assessed the influence of erythrocyte handling, suspension medium and endogenous catechol amines on B max and K D . Maximal binding was obtained when erythrocytes were handled minimally and maintained suspended in plasma rather than physiological saline. (biologists.com)
Binds5
- Arp2-3 complex binds WASP PROTEIN and existing ACTIN FILAMENTS, and it nucleates the formation of new branch point filaments. (nih.gov)
- HN - 2006 BX - Arp2-3 Complex MH - Actin-Related Protein 3 UI - D051378 MN - D5.750.78.730.246.750 MN - D12.776.220.525.246.750 MS - A component of the Arp2-3 complex that is related in sequence and structure to ACTIN and that binds ATP. (nih.gov)
- In the interaction with proteins, lead binds with virtually every available functional group, including sulfhydryl, amine, phosphate, and carboxyl groups, with sulfhydryl having the highest affinity. (cdc.gov)
- Lead also binds to metallothionein, a sulfhydryl-rich protein, but does not appear to displace cadmium or zinc. (cdc.gov)
- The nuclear uptake of Dorsal protein is thought to be governed by a protein called Cactus, which binds to Dorsal protein and traps it in the cytoplasm. (forexturboprofits.com)
Lipids1
- The regular practice of physical exercises to a transient oxidative stress that can cause damage promotes anti-inflammatory effects, which reduces to lipids, proteins and DNA, depending on its the mortality from all causes, especially by chronic intensity and duration (FINAUD et al. (bvsalud.org)
Kinase2
- Increased cyclic AMP↑ level in the cells converts "inactive" cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (C2R2) to "active" protein kinase (C2), which in turn phosphorylates "inactive" hormone-sensitive TG lipase "b" to "active" TG lipase "a" which breaks down TG to form DG + FFA. (emedicodiary.com)
- Lowered cyclic AMP brings about dephosphorylation of TG lipase "a" ® to form TG lipase "b" (inactive) through protein kinase. (emedicodiary.com)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT1
- HN - 2006(1981) BX - Actin-Capping Proteins MH - Actin Depolymerizing Factors UI - D051339 MN - D5.750.78.730.212 MN - D12.776.220.525.212 MS - A family of low MOLECULAR WEIGHT actin-binding proteins found throughout eukaryotes. (nih.gov)
Hormones1
- Sutherland determined that the enzyme system is located on the cell surface (plasma membrane) and that many hormones stimulate cAMP formation in a variety of cell types. (nih.gov)
Carrier1
- It is considered as a carrier molecule and acts as a fetty boat to transport long-chain Acyl CoA across the mitochondrial membrane for its oxidation in mitochondrial matrix. (emedicodiary.com)
Derivatives1
- A group of membrane transport proteins that transport biogenic amine derivatives of catechol across the PLASMA MEMBRANE . (nih.gov)
Receptors4
- It is now recognized that large sets of membrane receptors are linked to proteins that bind and degrade GTP. (nih.gov)
- Receptors are distinct molecules that form linkages in the plasma membrane to the GTP- regulatory proteins (G-proteins). (nih.gov)
- G-proteins are a family of structurally related proteins that functionally link activation of receptors to the regulation of a host of signal generating (or effector) systems, the number of which is still expanding. (nih.gov)
- Such findings are now employed as an important means for ascertaining that receptors are linked to G-proteins. (nih.gov)
Selectively1
- The work presented here reports on the characterization of AKH-αR5W4NBD, which is able to transport Cu ions selectively into PC12 cells and the imported Cu appeared bioavailable, likely via reductive release induced by glutathione. (bvsalud.org)
Regulatory1
- The GTP binding proteins are regulatory proteins. (nih.gov)
Elevation1
- Exercise to exhaustion also results in an elevation of plasma cortisol levels, which can reach 5 times those at rest and remain elevated for 6 h after exercise (see Milligan, 1996 ). (silverchair.com)
Molecules1
- Several molecules that can recover extracellular Cu from Aß and transport it back into cells with beneficial effects in cell culture and transgenic AD models were identified. (bvsalud.org)
Excess1
- It modifies ion transport across cell membranes produc- pressure control target is essential if the excess risk of ing increased cytosolic calcium levels in insulin-sensi- target organ complications in hypertension and diabetes tive vascular and renal tissues. (who.int)
Interact2
- This allows the subunits of the vesicular V0 to interact with different proteins of the secretory machinery. (bvsalud.org)
- These mechanisms include the ability of lead to inhibit or mimic the action of calcium and to interact with proteins. (cdc.gov)
CYTOSKELETON1
- HN - 2006(1998) MH - Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex UI - D051376 MN - D5.750.78.730.246 MN - D12.776.220.525.246 MS - A complex of seven proteins including ARP2 PROTEIN and ARP3 PROTEIN that plays an essential role in maintenance and assembly of the CYTOSKELETON. (nih.gov)
DRUGS1
- Catecholamine-depleting drugs may have additive effects and produce hypotension and/or marked bradycardia. (nih.gov)
Spectroscopy1
- Profiling of urine samples using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy among large cohorts (8, 9) complemented the plasma fingerprint with respect to glucose metabolism and nutritional behavior and, in particular, questioned the proposed diagnostic redundancy of TSH and FT4. (deepdyve.com)
Term1
- The term hormone was originally applied to substances secreted by various endocrine glands and transported in the bloodstream to various target organs. (prepladder.com)
Significantly2
- Moreover, manganese significantly influences astrocytic choline transport systems and astrocytic acetylcholine-binding proteins. (nih.gov)
- Results and Conclusion After accounting for major confounders, 106 of 613 plasma metabolites were significantly associated with FT4. (deepdyve.com)
19981
- The factors that influence stress and mortality during animal transport have been reviewed previously by Warriss (1998) who concluded that the two most important factors to be considered are the ambient temperature during the journey and genetic merit. (scialert.net)
Cell1
- Hence, AKH-αR5W4NBD could be a valuable new tool for Cu-transport into cells and suitable for mechanistic studies in cell culture, with potential applications in restoring Cu-homeostasis in Cu-related diseases such as AD. (bvsalud.org)
Concentrations3
- We established a correlation between hypothalamic levels of Bmal1 and urinary catecholamine concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)
- Changes in hormonal concentrations in the plasma and the urine are a consequence of synchronized rhythmic oscillations in both the nervous and endocrine systems. (biomedcentral.com)
- Plasma concentrations of glycerol and nonesterified fatty acids are increased by i.v. infusion of ANP in humans. (wikidoc.org)
Levels4
- It is expressed at higher levels than ARP2 PROTEIN and does not contain a PROFILIN binding domain. (nih.gov)
- Endogenous catecholamines, at levels considered normal for non-stressed animals, did not interfere with the radioligand binding assays, and thus eliminated the need to wash and resuspend erythrocytes. (biologists.com)
- trout experience significant elevations in circulating catecholamine levels. (biologists.com)
- The elevated plasma cortisol level appears to be inhibitory to glycogenesis, as there is no evidence of net muscle glycogen synthesis until cortisol levels begin to decline (e.g. (silverchair.com)
Specific1
- 1971a) as a consequence of findings that GTP regulates the specific binding of glucagon to liver membranes (Rodbell et al. (nih.gov)
Exercise1
- Metyrapone treatment succeeded in blocking the post-exercise rise in plasma cortisol(17±2 vs 118±13 ng ml -1 in controls at time 0), and cortisol injection resulted in a larger and more prolonged cortisol increase than in controls (159±22 vs 121±14 ng ml -1 in controls at 1 h). (silverchair.com)
Urine1
- Methods Among 952 participants in the Study of Health in Pomerania, data on serum free thyroxine (FT4) and thyrotropin and comprehensive nontargeted metabolomics data from plasma and urine samples were available. (deepdyve.com)
Activity2
- Recently, m phi inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1 alpha), a cytokine with chemotactic activity for m phi s and neutrophils (PMNs), has been described. (jci.org)
- Sutherland and his colleagues showed during the 60's that adenylyl cyclase activity is inhibited by catecholamines in some tissues (Butcher et al, 1965). (nih.gov)
Cells2
- Indeed, the cytosolic V1 and vesicular membrane-associated V0 subdomains of V-ATPase were shown to dissociate during the stimulation of neurosecretory cells. (bvsalud.org)
- It also happens as the plasma membranes of these cells are very adjacent to one another. (prepladder.com)
Active2
- Within the circulation, THs are mainly bound to proteins (3) and appear only in minor free fractions (FT3, FT4), which are considered as the biologically active pool. (deepdyve.com)
- The study of the structural characteristics and physico-chemical properties of pharmacologically active compounds, model and biological membranes. (cardioweb.ru)
Blood plasma1
- Initially, lead is distributed to the blood plasma and soft tissues, but under steady state conditions 99% of the lead in blood is found in the erythrocyte, where much of it is bound to hemoglobin. (cdc.gov)
Effect1
- Q.74 What is the net effect of insulin on plasma FFA level? (emedicodiary.com)
Small1
- In a very recent study (5), we were able to show that a hypothesis-free profiling of the small molecule and protein content of plasma samples (so-called metabolomics and proteomics) in a clearly defined human model of thyrotoxicosis allowed for the derivation of a TSH- and FT4-independent diagnostic signature. (deepdyve.com)
Animals1
- The objective of this study was to carry out a review of the different therapeutic methods used to reduce stress in slaughter animals during transport to abattoirs. (scialert.net)
