A group of 1,2-benzenediols that contain the general formula R-C6H5O2.
Catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde in the carbazole and BENZOATE degradation via HYDROXYLATION pathways. It also catalyzes the conversion of 3-methylcatechol to cis, cis-2-hydroxy-6-oxohept-2,4-dienoate in the TOLUENE and XYLENE degradation pathway. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.2.
Non-heme iron-containing enzymes that incorporate two atoms of OXYGEN into the substrate. They are important in biosynthesis of FLAVONOIDS; GIBBERELLINS; and HYOSCYAMINE; and for degradation of AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to muconic acid with the use of Fe3+ as a cofactor. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.1 and EC 1.99.2.2.
Oxidases that specifically introduce DIOXYGEN-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules.
2- or 4-Hydroxyestrogens. Substances that are physiologically active in mammals, especially in the control of gonadotropin secretion. Physiological activity can be ascribed to either an estrogenic action or interaction with the catecholaminergic system.
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate plus oxygen to homogentisic acid and carbon dioxide. EC 1.13.11.27.
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of protocatechuate to 3-carboxy-cis-cis-muconate in the presence of molecular oxygen. It contains ferric ion. EC 1.13.11.3.
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-CYSTEINE to 3-sulfinoalanine (3-sulfino-L-alanine) in the CYSTEINE metabolism and TAURINE and hypotaurine metabolic pathways.
A dioxygenase with specificity for the oxidation of the indoleamine ring of TRYPTOPHAN. It is a LIVER-specific enzyme that is the first and rate limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway of TRYPTOPHAN catabolism.
Enzyme that catalyzes the movement of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionone to a catechol or a catecholamine.
A mononuclear Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase, this enzyme catalyzes the conversion of homogentisate to 4-maleylacetoacetate, the third step in the pathway for the catabolism of TYROSINE. Deficiency in the enzyme causes ALKAPTONURIA, an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by homogentisic aciduria, OCHRONOSIS and ARTHRITIS. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.5 and EC 1.99.2.5.
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-hydroxyanthranilate to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde. It was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.6.
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.
Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and water as well as clinical specimens. Occasionally it is an opportunistic pathogen.
Benzoate derivatives substituted by one or more hydroxy groups in any position on the benzene ring.
A bacterial genus of the order ACTINOMYCETALES.
An antiseptic and disinfectant aromatic alcohol.
Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.
An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction between catechol and oxygen to yield benzoquinone and water. It is a complex of copper-containing proteins that acts also on a variety of substituted catechols. EC 1.10.3.1.
An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.
Benzoic acid or benzoic acid esters substituted with one or more chlorine atoms.
A widely used industrial solvent.
Derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxybenzene structure.
Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria characterized by an outer membrane that contains glycosphingolipids but lacks lipopolysaccharide. They have the ability to degrade a broad range of substituted aromatic compounds.
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Organisms in this genus had originally been classified as members of the PSEUDOMONAS genus but overwhelming biochemical and chemical findings indicated the need to separate them from other Pseudomonas species, and hence, this new genus was created.
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
Salts and esters of gentisic acid.
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria that occur in water and soil. Some are common inhabitants of the intestinal tract of vertebrates. These bacteria occasionally cause opportunistic infections in humans.
Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.
Derivatives of adipic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a 1,6-carboxy terminated aliphatic structure.
An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of five double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of equilenin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.
A genus of gram-negative, straight or slightly curved rods which are motile by polar flagella and which accumulate poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate within the cells.
The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
A genus of gram-negative bacteria of the family MORAXELLACEAE, found in soil and water and of uncertain pathogenicity.
A trihydroxybenzene or dihydroxy phenol that can be prepared by heating GALLIC ACID.
A gram-positive organism found in dairy products, fresh and salt water, marine organisms, insects, and decaying organic matter.
Organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen in the form of an unsaturated, usually hexagonal ring structure. The compounds can be single ring, or double, triple, or multiple fused rings.
Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.
A genus in the family BURKHOLDERIACEAE, comprised of many species. They are associated with a variety of infections including MENINGITIS; PERITONITIS; and URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
A genus of coccoid bacteria in the family PLANOCOCCACEAE. They are widely distributed in various habitats including sea water, freshwater ponds, cyanobacterial mats, and in marine animals.
A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
Placing of a hydroxyl group on a compound in a position where one did not exist before. (Stedman, 26th ed)
The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.
Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)
Industrial products consisting of a mixture of chlorinated biphenyl congeners and isomers. These compounds are highly lipophilic and tend to accumulate in fat stores of animals. Many of these compounds are considered toxic and potential environmental pollutants.
A group of gram-negative bacteria consisting of rod- and coccus-shaped cells. They are both aerobic (able to grow under an air atmosphere) and microaerophilic (grow better in low concentrations of oxygen) under nitrogen-fixing conditions but, when supplied with a source of fixed nitrogen, they grow as aerobes.
Iron-containing proteins that transfer electrons, usually at a low potential, to flavoproteins; the iron is not present as in heme. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
A family of gram negative, aerobic, non-sporeforming, rod-shaped bacteria.
An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.
An enzyme that catalyzes the HYDROXYLATION of gamma-butyrobetaine to L-CARNITINE. It is the last enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of L-CARNITINE and is dependent on alpha-ketoglutarate; IRON; ASCORBIC ACID; and OXYGEN.
A genus of asporogenous bacteria isolated from soil that displays a distinctive rod-coccus growth cycle.
An inborn error of amino acid metabolism resulting from a defect in the enzyme HOMOGENTISATE 1,2-DIOXYGENASE, an enzyme involved in the breakdown of PHENYLALANINE and TYROSINE. It is characterized by accumulation of HOMOGENTISIC ACID in the urine, OCHRONOSIS in various tissues, and ARTHRITIS.
A family of isomeric, colorless aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, that contain the general formula C6H4(CH3)2. They are produced by the destructive distillation of coal or by the catalytic reforming of petroleum naphthenic fractions. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
A family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p442)
The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Enzymes of the isomerase class that catalyze reactions in which a group can be regarded as eliminated from one part of a molecule, leaving a double bond, while remaining covalently attached to the molecule. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 5.5.
Inorganic or organic compounds that contain divalent iron.
An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.
Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 2 or 6 of the benzene ring structure.
A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Aminobenzenesulfonic acids. Organic acids that are used in the manufacture of dyes and organic chemicals and as reagents.
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
A group of proteins possessing only the iron-sulfur complex as the prosthetic group. These proteins participate in all major pathways of electron transport: photosynthesis, respiration, hydroxylation and bacterial hydrogen and nitrogen fixation.
The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.
Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics.
Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.
A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.
The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.
A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS, containing multiple genomovars. It is distinguishable from other pseudomonad species by its ability to use MALTOSE and STARCH as sole carbon and energy sources. It can degrade ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS and has been used as a model organism to study denitrification.
A species of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria found ubiquitously and formerly called Comamonas acidovorans and Pseudomonas acidovorans. It is the type species of the genus DELFTIA.
A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.
Phenols substituted with one or more chlorine atoms in any position.
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria found in soil and water. Although considered to be normally nonpathogenic, this bacterium is a causative agent of nosocomial infections, particularly in debilitated individuals.
Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
A species of BURKHOLDERIA considered to be an opportunistic human pathogen. It has been associated with various types of infections of nosocomial origin.
An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
Any member of the class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the substrate and the addition of water to the resulting molecules, e.g., ESTERASES, glycosidases (GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES), lipases, NUCLEOTIDASES, peptidases (PEPTIDE HYDROLASES), and phosphatases (PHOSPHORIC MONOESTER HYDROLASES). EC 3.
A monooxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of BETA-CAROTENE into two molecules of RETINAL. It was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.11.21 and EC 1.18.3.1.
Stable oxygen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element oxygen, but differ in atomic weight. O-17 and 18 are stable oxygen isotopes.
Compounds which restore enzymatic activity by removing an inhibitory group bound to the reactive site of the enzyme.
A group of disorders which have in common elevations of tyrosine in the blood and urine secondary to an enzyme deficiency. Type I tyrosinemia features episodic weakness, self-mutilation, hepatic necrosis, renal tubular injury, and seizures and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme fumarylacetoacetase. Type II tyrosinemia features INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, painful corneal ulcers, and keratoses of the palms and plantar surfaces and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme TYROSINE TRANSAMINASE. Type III tyrosinemia features INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme 4-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp42-3)
Naphthalene derivatives carrying one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups at any ring position. They are often used in dyes and pigments, as antioxidants for rubber, fats, and oils, as insecticides, in pharmaceuticals, and in numerous other applications.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.
Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.
Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.
An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.
The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.
A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.
A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS. All strains can utilize FRUCTOSE for energy. It is occasionally isolated from humans and some strains are pathogenic to WATERMELON.
Low-molecular-weight compounds produced by microorganisms that aid in the transport and sequestration of ferric iron. (The Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994)
Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.
Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Hydrocarbon rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.
A large group of aerobic bacteria which show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. This is because the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria are low in peptidoglycan and thus have low affinity for violet stain and high affinity for the pink dye safranine.
The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction between L-tyrosine, L-dopa, and oxygen to yield L-dopa, dopaquinone, and water. It is a copper protein that acts also on catechols, catalyzing some of the same reactions as CATECHOL OXIDASE. EC 1.14.18.1.
Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.
A class of enzymes that catalyze geometric or structural changes within a molecule to form a single product. The reactions do not involve a net change in the concentrations of compounds other than the substrate and the product.(from Dorland, 28th ed) EC 5.
A colorless or slightly yellow crystalline compound obtained from nutgalls. It is used in photography, pharmaceuticals, and as an analytical reagent.
A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS, which is found in SOIL and WATER.
Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.
Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.
An NADPH-dependent flavin monooxygenase that plays a key role in the catabolism of TRYPTOPHAN by catalyzing the HYDROXYLATION of KYNURENINE to 3-hydroxykynurenine. It was formerly characterized as EC 1.14.1.2 and EC 1.99.1.5.
The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.
Proteins, usually acting in oxidation-reduction reactions, containing iron but no porphyrin groups. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1993, pG-10)
Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine.
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Systems of enzymes which function sequentially by catalyzing consecutive reactions linked by common metabolic intermediates. They may involve simply a transfer of water molecules or hydrogen atoms and may be associated with large supramolecular structures such as MITOCHONDRIA or RIBOSOMES.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.
The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors.
Enzymes that catalyze the addition of a carboxyl group to a compound (carboxylases) or the removal of a carboxyl group from a compound (decarboxylases). EC 4.1.1.
A family of gram-negative aerobic bacteria in the class BETA PROTEOBACTERIA, encompassing the acidovorans rRNA complex. Some species are pathogenic for PLANTS.
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
A conditionally essential nutrient, important during mammalian development. It is present in milk but is isolated mostly from ox bile and strongly conjugates bile acids.

Word Origin: From the Greek "alkapton" meaning "darkening" and the suffix "-uria" indicating a condition characterized by excessive urine production.

There are three main types of tyrosinemia:

1. Tyrosinemia type I: This is the most severe form of the disorder, and it is caused by a complete deficiency of the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH). This enzyme is essential for breaking down tyrosine, and without it, tyrosine builds up in the blood and tissues, leading to severe symptoms.
2. Tyrosinemia type II: This form of the disorder is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL). TAL is involved in the final step of tyrosine breakdown, and without it, tyrosine accumulates in the blood and tissues.
3. Tyrosinemia type III: This is a mild form of the disorder, and it is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD). HPPD is involved in the breakdown of tyrosine, but it is not essential for survival.

Symptoms of tyrosinemia can vary depending on the type and severity of the disorder, but they may include:

* Skin and joint problems
* Eye problems
* Liver and kidney damage
* Increased risk of infections
* Delayed growth and development
* Cognitive impairment

Tyrosinemia is usually diagnosed through a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and genetic analysis. Treatment for the disorder typically involves a combination of dietary restrictions and medication. In some cases, liver transplantation may be necessary.

In summary, tyrosinemia is a group of rare genetic disorders that affect the breakdown of the amino acid tyrosine. The disorders are caused by deficiencies of specific enzymes involved in tyrosine metabolism, and they can lead to a range of symptoms and complications. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important for managing the disorder and preventing long-term health problems.

Catechol+2,3-dioxygenase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (CS1: long ... Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.2, 2,3-pyrocatechase, catechol 2,3-oxygenase, catechol oxygenase, metapyrocatechase, ... Kojima Y, Itada N, Hayaishi O (August 1961). "Metapyrocatachase: a new catechol-cleaving enzyme". The Journal of Biological ... is an enzyme with systematic name catechol:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing). This enzyme catalyses the following ...
Catechol dioxygenases are metalloprotein enzymes that carry out the oxidative cleavage of catechols. This class of enzymes ... 4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.3). The active site of catechol dioxygenases most frequently contains iron, but manganese-containing ... Catechol dioxygenases belong to the class of oxidoreductases and have several different substrate specificities, including ... An example of the reaction carried out by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase is the formation of cis,cis-muconic acid from catechol, ...
... a family of catechol dioxygenases that cleaves the bond between the phenolic hydroxyl groups of catechol using an Fe3+ cofactor ... catechol with catechol dioxygenases". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 248 (1): 130-7. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(86)90409-1 ... Two families of dioxygenases were discovered by Osamu Hayaishi and Kizo Hashimoto in 1950: catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and ... catechol dioxygenase, pyrocatechase, pyrocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase, CD I, CD II) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative ring ...
Muller R, Schmitt S, Lingens F (1982). "A novel non-heme iron-containing dioxygenase. Chloridazon-catechol dioxygenase from ... Chloridazon-catechol dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.36) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2,3- ... Muller R, Haug S, Eberspacher J, Lingens F (1977). "[Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from pyrazon-degrading bacteria (author's transl ... 125 (3): 579-84. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06722.x. PMID 6811270. Portal: Biology (Articles with short description, Short ...
The isofunctional enzymes of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from species of Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Nocardia, Alcaligenes and ... Extradiol Cleavage of 3-Methylcatechol by Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase from Various Microorganisms. C. T. Hou, R. Patel and M. O. ... 3.0.CO;2-S. phenol-explorer.eu (Articles without InChI source, Articles without KEGG source, ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata, ... The 3-methylcatechol structural motif is rare in natural products. Known examples include calopin and a δ-lactone derivative, O ...
Kobayashi S, Hayaishi O (1970). "Anthranilic acid conversion to catechol (Pseudomonas)". Methods Enzymol. 17A: 505-510. doi: ... catechol + CO2 + NAD(P)+ + NH3 The 5 substrates of this enzyme are anthranilate, NADH, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 5 ... "Enzymatic formation of catechol from anthranilic acid". J. Biol. Chem. 239: 2204-2211. PMID 14209949. Portal: Biology v t e ( ... products are catechol, CO2, NAD+, NADP+, and NH3. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those ...
Junca, H.; Plumeier, I.; Hecht, H. J. R.; Pieper, D. H. (December 2004). "Difference in kinetic behaviour of catechol 2,3- ... dioxygenase variants from a polluted environment". Microbiology. 150 (12): 4181-4187. doi:10.1099/mic.0.27451-0. PMID 15583170 ... In recent years, 2-D electrophoresis has been widely accepted as a standard procedure to separate complex protein mixtures in ... 227 (1-2): 21-30. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2004.08.001. PMID 15501581. S2CID 1622208. Görg, A.; Weiss, W.; Dunn, M. J. (December 2004 ...
Sala-Trepat JM, Evans WC (1971). "The meta cleavage of catechol by Azotobacter species 4-Oxalocrotonate pathway". Eur. J. ... 20 (3): 400-13. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01406.x. PMID 4325686. (Articles without InChI source, Articles without EBI ... 2-Hydroxymuconate semialdehyde is formed from catechol by the enzyme catechol 2,3-dioxygenase during the degradation of ... It is hydrolysed into formate and 2-oxopent-4-enoate by 2-hydroxymuconate-semialdehyde hydrolase. ...
... may refer to: catechol dioxygenase Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase This disambiguation page lists ...
... catechol 2,3-dioxygenase), and is an intermediate in the bacterial degradation of several aromatic compounds. Inoue J, Shaw JP ... 2-Hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.85, xylG [gene], praB [gene] ) is an enzyme with systematic name (2E, ... 2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde+dehydrogenase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: ... Kasai D, Fujinami T, Abe T, Mase K, Katayama Y, Fukuda M, Masai E (November 2009). "Uncovering the protocatechuate 2,3-cleavage ...
4-dioxygenase uses 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate and O2 to produce 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate. Ethyl protocatechuate Dawson, R. M. C.; ... 4-dihydroxybenzoate to produce catechol and CO2. The enzyme protocatechuate 3, ... 4-dioxygenase vanillate monooxygenase 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate decarboxylase 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate decarboxylase Degradation ... 14 (3): 276-283. Hassan, S. T. S.; Švajdlenka, E.; Berchová-Bímová, K. (April 2017). "Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and its bioactive ...
... catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase all resemble ... 314 (Pt 2): 463-7. doi:10.1042/bj3140463. PMC 1217073. PMID 8670058. Saint-Jean AP, Phillips KR, Creighton DJ, Stone MJ (July ... 221 (2): 297-315. doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2574-z. PMC 3337404. PMID 22113448. Thornalley PJ (May 2006). "Unease on the role of ... 190 (2): 685-96. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)56017-8. PMID 14841219. Allen RE, Lo TW, Thornalley PJ (April 1993). "A simplified ...
"Characterization of an O2 Adduct of an Active Cobalt-Substituted Extradiol-Cleaving Catechol Dioxygenase". Journal of the ... "A Hyperactive Cobalt-Substituted Extradiol-Cleaving Catechol Dioxygenase". Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry. 16 (2): ... 4-dioxygenase enzyme, using Mössbauer and EPR spectroscopies, as well as inhibition studies. Que began his independent research ... 4-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Enzymology. 452 (2): 320-334. doi:10.1016/ ...
4-dicarboxylate dehydrogenase into a catechol intermediate. The catechol ring is then cleaved by PCA 3,4-dioxygenase before the ... Ideonella sakaiensis adhere to PET surface and use a secreted PET hydrolase, or PETase, to degrade the PET into mono(2- ... Retrieved 3 December 2021. "Loading site please wait..." www.exploravision.org. 18 May 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021. "Home ... Retrieved 3 December 2021. Type strain of Ideonella sakaiensis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase (Articles with ...
... dependent dioxygenases. The catechol dioxygenases, some of the most well-studied dioxygenase enzymes, use dioxygen to cleave a ... Two important groups of mononuclear, non-heme iron dioxygenases are catechol dioxygenases and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)- ... Catechol dioxygenases are further classified as being "extradiol" or "intradiol," and this distinction is based on mechanistic ... In this respect, these enzymes are reminiscent of the intradiol catechol dioxygenases whereby the metal centers activate the ...
... dioxygenases MeSH D08.811.682.690.416.277 - catechol 1,2-dioxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.416.305 - catechol 2,3-dioxygenase ... 4-dioxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.416.330 - 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.416.333 - indoleamine- ... 4-dioxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.416.722 - tryptophan oxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.562 - inositol oxygenase MeSH D08.811. ... catechol oxidase MeSH D08.811.682.690.708.125.500 - monophenol monooxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.708.170 - cytochrome p-450 ...
I Enzymatic formation of catechol from benzene". Biochemistry. 7 (7): 2653-62. doi:10.1021/bi00847a031. PMID 4298226. Portal: ... and benzene dioxygenase. This enzyme participates in naphthalene and anthracene degradation. It has 4 cofactors: FAD, Iron, ... In enzymology, a benzene 1,2-dioxygenase (EC 1.14.12.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction benzene + NADH + H+ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is benzene,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating). Other names in common use ...
"The genes coding for the conversion of carbazole to catechol are flanked by IS6100 elements in Sphingomonas sp. strain XLDN2-5 ... 9a-dioxygenase, a three-component dioxygenase system of Pseudomonas resinovorans strain CA10". Applied and Environmental ... Carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase (EC 1.14.12.22, CARDO) is an enzyme with systematic name 9H-carbazole,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase ... Carbazole+1,9a-dioxygenase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC 1.14.12) ...
Iron-containing dioxygenase enzymes catalyze the cleavage of catechol. Catechols convert to the semiquinone radical. At pH = 7 ... catechol was listed as pyrocatechol. In 1879, the Journal of the Chemical Society recommended that catechol be called "catechol ... Catechol occurs as feathery white crystals that are very rapidly soluble in water. Catechol was first isolated in 1839 by Edgar ... Catechol has since been shown to occur in free form naturally in kino and in beechwood tar. Its sulfonic acid has been detected ...
EC 2.1.1 Catechol-O-methyl transferase EC 2.1.1.6 DNA methyltransferase EC 2.1.1.72, EC 2.1.1.113, EC 2.1.1.37 Histone ... 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27) Category:EC 1.13.12 (With incorporation of one atom of oxygen (internal ... Catechol oxidase EC 1.10.3.1 Laccase EC 1.10.3.2 Category:EC 1.10.99 (with other acceptors) Category:EC 1.11.1 (peroxidases) ... EC 1.14.12 Nitric oxide dioxygenase Category:EC 1.14.13 Nitric oxide synthase EC 1.14.13.39 Category:EC 1.14.14 Aromatase EC ...
The developing chemistry is similar to that of catechol or pyrogallol. It is also used as a matrix in MALDI mass spectrometry ... 4-dioxygenase is an enzyme that uses caffeic acid and oxygen to produce 3-(2-carboxyethenyl)-cis,cis-muconate. 3-O- ... 4-methoxyphenol and catechol at low doses, either alone or in combination, and modulation of their effects in a rat medium-term ... Free caffeic acid can be found in a variety of beverages, including brewed coffee at 0.13 mg per 100 ml and red wine at 2 mg ...
Heating catechin past its point of decomposition releases pyrocatechol (also called catechol), which explains the common origin ... leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase), E11, anthocyanidin reductase. HSCoA, Coenzyme A. L-Tyr, L-tyrosine, L-Phe, L-phenylalanine. ... Flavan-3-ols are abundant in teas derived from the tea plant Camellia sinensis, as well as in some cocoas (made from the seeds ... Flavan-3-ols (sometimes referred to as flavanols) are a subgroup of flavonoids. They are derivatives of flavans that possess a ...
Benzoic acid Catechol Hydrolyzable tannin Pyrogallol Syringol Syringaldehyde Syringic acid Shikimic acid Haslam, E.; Cai, Y. ( ... The oxidation is catalyzed by the enzyme gallate dioxygenase, an enzyme found in Pseudomonas putida. Oxidative coupling of ... In Book 34, Chapter 26 of his Natural History, Pliny states that verdigris (a form of copper acetate (Cu(CH3COO)2·2Cu(OH)2), ... 100 (3): 1044-1048. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.11.008. Alemika, Taiwo E.; Onawunmi, Grace O.; Olugbade, Tiwalade A. (2007). " ...
O-rhamnoside 7-O-methyltransferase Catechol-O-methyl transferase 5-Desoxy-malvidin Capensinidin Europinidin Hirsutidin Malvidin ... and evidence that partially methylated flavanones are substrates of four different flavonoid dioxygenases". Phytochemistry. 65 ... 119 (2): 155-62. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.04.004. PMID 15961179. Schroder, G; Wehinger, E; Lukacin, R; Wellmann, F; Seefelder ... Those positions can be ortho, meta, para and there can be a special 3-O-methyltransferase for the 3-OH position. Calamondin ...
4-dioxygenase EC 1.12.99.6: hydrogenase (acceptor) EC 1.13.11.1: catechol 1,2-dioxygenase EC 1.13.11.2: catechol 2,3- ... dioxygenase EC 1.14.11.4: procollagen-lysine 5-dioxygenase EC 1.14.11.5: Now included with EC 1.14.11.6 thymine dioxygenase EC ... peptide-aspartate β-dioxygenase EC 1.14.11.17: taurine dioxygenase EC 1.14.11.18: phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase EC 1.14.11.19: Now ... persulfide dioxygenase EC 1.13.11.19: cysteamine dioxygenase EC 1.13.11.20: cysteine dioxygenase EC 1.13.11.21: Now EC 1.14. ...
In vitro, the meta-hydroxyl group of catechol is methylated by catechol-O-methyltransferase. Four of the five hydroxyl groups ... 126 (2): 485-93. doi:10.1104/pp.126.2.485. PMC 1540115. PMID 11402179. Juergenliemk G, Boje K, Huewel S, Lohmann C, Galla HJ, ... A 3-Part Report on Current Regulations & the State of Science, Nutraceuticals World Miles SL, McFarland M, Niles RM (2014). " ... Isoquercetin is the 3-O-glucoside of quercetin. The enzyme quercitrinase can be found in Aspergillus flavus. This enzyme ...
... related with the catechol and resorcinol groups and the oxidation is pH-dependent. The oxidation of the catechol 3',4'- ... 4-dioxygenase and hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase to form β-carboxy cis, cis-muconic acid and maleyl acetate. Among fungi, ... sulfation and methylation of the catechol group by catechol-O-methyl transferase, with only small amounts detected in plasma. ... The A-ring is similar to a resorcinol moiety while the B-ring is similar to a catechol moiety. There are two chiral centers on ...
For example, Rhodococci expresses dioxygenases, which can be used to degrade benzotrifluoride, a recalcitrant pollutant. ... catechol, benzoate, and protocatechuic acid. Rhodococci are also capable of accumulating heavy metal ions, such as radioactive ... "Degradation of benzotrifluoride via the dioxygenase pathway in Rhodococcus sp. 065240". Bioscience, Biotechnology, and ... 78 (2-3): 221-226. doi:10.1016/0378-1097(92)90030-r. ISSN 0378-1097. PMID 1490602. Parekh, N. R.; Walker, A.; Roberts, S. J.; ...
Next, the diol is newly reduced by NADH to catechol. The catechol is then metabolized to acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA, used by ... In bacteria, dioxygenase enzyme can add an oxygen to the ring, and the unstable product is immediately reduced (by NADH) to a ... and hydroquinone to both benzenetriol and catechol. Hydroquinone, benzenetriol and catechol are converted to polyphenols. In ... catechol, hydroquinone and 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene. Most of these metabolites have some value as biomarkers of human exposure, ...
Biphenyl Dioxygenase (bpha1a2) Derived From Rhodococcus Sp. Strain Rha1. Protein Structure. Protein Data Bank (PDB). ... Pseudomonas putida MT15 catechol 2,3-dioxygenase II (cdo) gene, complete cds. Nucleotide Sequence. GenBank. ... LH128 terminal dioxygenase operon, complete sequence. Nucleotide Sequence. GenBank. Staphylococcus aureus recombination enzyme ... Uncultured bacterium clone UN_PH_1 PAH dioxygenase large subunit (pahAc) gene, partial cds. Nucleotide Sequence. GenBank. ...
Alkane 1-monooxygenase (6.1%) and catechol dioxygenase (catA/catE) genes (0.4%, 2.0%) decreased to their lowest relative ... ethylbenzene dioxygenase (etbAa), toluene monooxygenase (tmoA), benzene/toluene dioxygenase (todC1), and xylene monooxygenase ( ... 4). No catechols or aromatic dihydrodiol intermediates were measured in the Ship #3 water sample. Naphthoic and alkanoic acids ... The ring-cleaving enzyme catechol 2,3-dioxygenase increased significantly in Ship #1 sample by 11.4-fold to 25.3% of the total ...
... catechol and heavy metals. We are targeting catechol for degradation into common metabolic intermediates of the Krebs Cycle by ... Catechol-2,3-dioxygenase is being targeted into microcompartments, formed by engineered Aquifex aeolicus protein, lumazine ... The complex will then be purified and applied to the tailings for catechol degradation. By funnelling other pathways through ... Team:Toronto , Team Toronto:]] Enhanced Catechol Degradation via Metabolic Channeling in E. coli=== Oil sands, consisting of a ...
DIOXYGENASE was indexed under DIOXYGENASES 1981-2005, under CATECHOLS 1975-1980, & under CATECHOL 1973-1974. ... Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase - Preferred Concept UI. M0072809. Scope note. Catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to 2-hydroxymuconate ... Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase Entry term(s). 2,3-Dioxygenase, 3-Sulfocatechol 2,3-Dioxygenase, Catechol 3 Sulfocatechol 2,3 ... Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase Entry term(s):. 2,3-Dioxygenase, 3-Sulfocatechol. 2,3-Dioxygenase, Catechol. 3 Sulfocatechol 2,3 ...
DIOXYGENASE was indexed under DIOXYGENASES 1981-2005, under CATECHOLS 1975-1980, & under CATECHOL 1973-1974. History Note. 2006 ... Dioxygenases [D08.811.682.690.416] * AlkB Enzymes [D08.811.682.690.416.139] * Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase [D08.811.682.690.416.277 ... Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase Preferred Term Term UI T570609. Date01/28/2004. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2006). ... Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase Preferred Concept UI. M0072809. Registry Number. EC 1.13.11.2. Related Numbers. 9029-46-3. Scope Note ...
The catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity was strongly induced during the degradation of buprofezin. A novel microbial ... D4 produces 5-chloro-2-picolinic acid as a dead-end by-product, a potential pollutant. To date, no bacterium that degrades 5- ... The initial metabolic product of 5-chloro-2-picolinic acid was identified as 6-hydroxy-5-chloro-2-picolinic acid by LC-MS and ... Moreover, the expression levels of Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PGK1, Bax, Bcl-2, (p)-mTOR, (p)-AKT, and ß- ...
Q7BH44 catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.2) from Pseudomonas sp.. T1WIF8 catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.2) from ... E7DDG2 catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.2) from Planococcus sp. S5. 307 amino acids: PaperBLAST, CDD 51% identical to query ... T1T0J4 catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.2) from Pseudomonas sp. HA10. 303 amino acids: PaperBLAST, CDD 51% identical to ... T1WJ05 catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.2) from Pseudomonas sp. HA12. 307 amino acids: PaperBLAST, CDD 50% identical to ...
Dioxygenase N0000167851 Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase N0000166550 Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate N0000167971 L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase ... N0000167848 Cysteine Dioxygenase N0000167849 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase N0000167863 gamma-Butyrobetaine Dioxygenase ... Catechol N0000168922 Receptors, Catecholamine N0000170679 DNA, Catenated N0000169495 alpha Catenin N0000169496 gamma Catenin ... 4-Dioxygenase N0000167858 4-Hydroxybenzoate-3-Monooxygenase N0000167883 Ethylmorphine-N-Demethylase N0000167919 Laccase ...
... and V m is the reactions maximal speed in the case of catechol dioxygenase activity. ρp and De are the density of dried ... V. Sridevi 2. , M. N. N. Sai Rachana 1. , J. Akhila 1. , M. Yamini 1. , Katru Ramya Sugandhi 1. , Husam Talib Hamzah 3. , R. ... Ring fission takes place in the meta-pathway close to the two hydroxyl groups of catechol (extra diol fission). Catechol 2, 3- ... Depending on the strain, catechol is either oxidised by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase via the ortho-cleavage pathway, which results ...
HN - 2006(1980); use DIOXYGENASES 1975-1979 & CATECHOL 1973-1974 MH - Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase UI - D050557 MN - D8.811.682.690 ... Dioxygenase UI - D050503 MN - D8.811.682.690.416.333 MS - A dioxygenase with specificity for the oxidation of the indoleamine ... HN - 2006 MH - Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase UI - D050548 MN - D8.811.682.690.416.277 MS - An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of ... HN - 2006(1983) MH - gamma-Butyrobetaine Dioxygenase UI - D050563 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.401 MS - An enzyme that catalyzes the ...
... and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (aphB) could not be found in the strain KF-1 genome. ... Table 2 summarizes the differential phenotypic characteristics of. Posted on February 29, 2016. by pkcp2456 ... GSK-3 ranged from ?0.40 to 65.62. The pooled mean difference was 1.01 [95% confidence interval ?0.00 to 2.03, p=0.05]. There ... In 2 patients the screw head disconnected from the stem in the first postoperative day. In one case, the patient was reoperated ...
Hydrocarbons are degraded (under aerobic conditions) via mono-oxygenases or di-oxygenases, and are subsequently carboxylated ... They are converted enzymatically to the natural intermediates of degradation, for example catechol and protecatechuate ( ... The initial step is usually performed via a dioxygenase and forms a dihydrodiol ... to central intermediates such as protocatechates and catechols. These compounds are further converted to tricarboxylic acid ...
4-Fluorocatechol + O2 <=> 3-fluoro-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate 1.13.11.2 catechol 2,3-dioxygenase - ... Your translated search: 3-fluoro-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate = 1 reactions were found. State Icon. Reaction. EC-Number ...
Dioxygenases [D08.811.682.690.416] * AlkB Enzymes [D08.811.682.690.416.139] * Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase [D08.811.682.690.416.277 ... 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Preferred Term Term UI T044131. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1975). ... 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Preferred Concept UI. M0023242. Registry Number. EC 1.13.11.27. Scope Note. An enzyme that ... 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase. Tree Number(s). D08.811.682.690.416.330. Unique ID. D015111. RDF Unique Identifier. http ...
This intermediate would then add to taxifolin, via one of its hydroxyl groups, at the level of its catechol part. A second ... 2006;9(3-4).. *58. Hano C, Addi M, Bensaddek L, Crônier D, Baltora-Rosset S, Doussot J,et al. Differential accumulation of ... 2008;7(3):3-11.. *30. Andrzejewska J, Sadowska K, Mielcarek S. Effect of sowing date and rate on the yield and flavonolignan ... 2007;6(2):110-119.. *37. Martin RJ, Lauren DR, Smith WA, Jensen DJ, Deo B, Douglas JA, et al. Factors influencing silymarin ...
Influence Of The Entrapment Of Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase In K-Carrageenan On Its Properties ... IETU Digital Library > Serial publications > Magazines > Polish Journal of Environmental Studies > 2015 > 2015/2 ... IETU Digital Library > Serial publications > Magazines > Polish Journal of Environmental Studies > 2015 > 2015/3 ... Program Operacyjny Innowacyjna Gospodarka, lata 2007-2013; 2. Oś priorytetowa - Infrastruktura sfery B+R, Działanie 2.3 ...
Hydrocarbons are degraded (under aerobic conditions) via mono-oxygenases or di-oxygenases, and are subsequently carboxylated ... They are converted enzymatically to the natural intermediates of degradation, for example catechol and protecatechuate ( ... The initial step is usually performed via a dioxygenase and forms a dihydrodiol ... to central intermediates such as protocatechates and catechols. These compounds are further converted to tricarboxylic acid ...
During phenol degradation, strain YZ4 learn more excreted both phenol hydroxylase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase to efficiently ... 3) Given the esophageal T degrees rise in almost 50% of patients, safety precautions are needed. (PACE 2010; 33:168-178).". " ... 2) An additional circular mapping catheter is required to increase complete isolation rate to 93% of the patients. ( ... The investigated plasmas were generated by means of laser pulses with intensity of the order of 10(9) W/cm(2). The contemporary ...
4-dioxygenase. Catechol O-. methyltransferase. Aldehyde. dehydrogenase,. dimeric. NADP-preferring. L-Tyrosine. Oxoglutaric acid ... 2. O. O. 2. 3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde. NH. 3. H. 2. O. 2. H. 2. O. O. 2. Methylamine. H. 2. O. 2. Normetanephrine. H. 2. O. O ... 2. Dopaquinone. H. 2. O. Leucodopachrome. L-Dopachrome. O. 2. 5,6-Dihydroxyindole. H. 2. O. O. 2. Indole-5,6-quinone. H. 2. O. ... 2. Homovanillin. NADP. H. 2. O. p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid. NADPH. O. 2. Dopamine. H. 2. O. Ascorbic acid. O. 2. Norepinephrine ...
has been evaluated as model system for the catechol oxidase enzyme by using 3,5-. di. -tert-butylcatechol (3,5-DTBC) as the ... The Cu(II) complex mimics the full catalytic cycle of the active site of catechol oxidase enzyme in acetonitrile medium with a ... In situ generation of Cu(I) species in the catalytic pathway of catechol oxidation was established by electrochemical study and ... NO3·3H2O and [. 1. ]NO3·CH3CO2H·H2O {[. 1. ]+ = [Co(1,10-phenanthroline)2Cl2]+} and characterized by single crystal X-ray ...
A novel iron(III) complex with a tridentate ligand as a functional model for catechol dioxygenases: Properties and reactivity ... Oh, J., Rhee, H. J., Kim, S. W., Kim, S. B., You, H. J., Kim, J. H. & Na, D. S., 2000 Jul 21, In: FEBS Letters. 477, 3, p. 244- ... Jo, S. K., Yun, J. W., Cha, D. R., Cho, W. Y., Kim, H. K. & Won, N. H., 2000, In: Clinical Nephrology. 54, 6, p. 498-500 3 p.. ... Yi, J. Y., Koo, J. Y., Lee, S., Shin, D. H. & Ha, J. S., 2000, In: Surface Review and Letters. 7, 1-2, p. 55-59 5 p.. Research ...
cysteine dioxygenase type 1. involved_in. IDA. IBA. PMID:21873635. RGD. GO_Central. PMID:16611641 PMID:21873635. RGD:2301357, ... catechol-O-methyltransferase. IMP. RGD. PMID:15779086. RGD:2289784. NCBI chr11:82,568,052...82,587,642 Ensembl chr11:82,568,025 ... acireductone dioxygenase 1. involved_in. IEA. ISS. ISO. GO_REF:0000041. GO_REF:0000024. (PMID:15938715). UniProt. RGD. PMID: ... cysteine dioxygenase type 1. TAS. RGD. PMID:2334417. RGD:68765. NCBI chr18:39,432,473...39,447,253 Ensembl chr18:39,432,474... ...
2-pyridylthio)methanido ligand: aromatic C-C bond cleavage of catecholate versus o-iminobenzosemiquinonate radical formation. ... complexes of tripodal monophenolate ligands as models for non-heme catechol dioxygenase enzymes: correlation of dioxygenase ... Iron(III) complexes of tridentate 3N ligands as functional models for catechol dioxygenases: the role of ligand N-alkyl ... A functional model of extradiol-cleaving catechol dioxygenases: mimicking the 2-his-1-carboxylate facial triad. ...
4 Dioxygenase use 3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-Dioxygenase 3 Hydroxyanthranilic Acid Oxygenase use 3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3.4- ... Catechol use Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase 1,2-Dioxygenase, Homogentisate use Homogentisate 1,2-Dioxygenase ... 2S,5R)-2,6-Diamino-5-hydroxyhexanoic Acid use Hydroxylysine (3 beta, 17 alpha)-19-Norpregn-4-en-20-yne-3,17 diol Diacetate use ... 1H-2-Benzopyran-1-ones use Isocoumarins 1H-3-Benzazepine-7,8-diol, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-phenyl- use 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8- ...
... or maybe to a too high catalytic efficiency of them leading to an accumulation of catechol which can be toxic for the cell. ... or maybe to a too high catalytic efficiency of them leading to an accumulation of catechol which can be toxic for the cell. ... is present and two isozymes of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C1,2O) have been characterized. Kinetic analysis of A. radioresistens ... is present and two isozymes of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C1,2O) have been characterized. Kinetic analysis of A. radioresistens ...
wearing staged to canners gear because of who they have, as because of what catechol they have hit with. feel the myoglobin of ... I Are this takes a useful exterior, but it involves computed up very five stereotypes in a dioxygenase often, so applications ... The detector is the click of invasion village protein-fragment and dioxygenase project within an foremost editorial. In some ... power and macromolecular models, and the review of telephones and introduction issues came militia with ethnic catechol limits ...
And theres a variety of possible mediators, some involving the known catechol and indolamine systems and orexin systems that ... It shunts tryptophan away from being made into serotonin and instead indolamine dioxygenase creates kynurenine from tryptophan ... Agenda Item: SESSION 3: Hyperarousal and Inflammatory Markers of Risk. THOMAS C. NEYLAN: Welcome to session 3, that will be ... In this case they were only allowed to sleep from 11 p.m. to 3 a.m., so kind of getting up really early. What they found is ...
... catechol amine CA,catecholamine CA,catecholaminergic CA,catheter ablation CA,cathode CA,caucasian adult CA,Caucasian adult CA, ... carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase CCD,catalytic core domain CCD,central composite design CCD,central core disease CCD,charge ... shell> lvg -f:a -F:1:2. II. Test Cases: IOTA,information overload testing aid IOTA,international ovarian tumor analysis IOTA, ... sacral vertebra 3 S3,stratum 3 S3,stratum-3 S3,third heart sound S3,third sacral nerve S3,third sacral vertebra Sb,antimony Sb, ...
  • We examined kinetic parameters (K(m) and Vmax) for catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C230), a key shared enzyme of the toluene-degradative pathway for these strains, and compared these parameters with those for the analogous enzymes from archetypal toluene-degrading pseudomonads which did not show enhanced, nitrate-dependent toluene degradation. (nih.gov)
  • Both modeled enzyme-substrate complexes are in line with 1,2-diaxial HBr eliminations. (eawag.ch)
  • 9/3/2005) TOTAL DESCRIPTORS = 935 MH - 1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase UI - D051103 MN - D8.811.913.50.173 MS - An enzyme that catalyzes the acyl group transfer of ACYL COA to 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to generate 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. (nih.gov)
  • HN - 2006(1981) MH - 2-Aminoadipate Transaminase UI - D051307 MN - D8.811.913.477.700.120 MS - A PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE containing enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of amino group of L-2-aminoadipate onto 2-OXOGLUTARATE to generate 2-oxoadipate and L-GLUTAMATE. (nih.gov)
  • HN - 2006(1983) MH - 2-Oxoisovalerate Dehydrogenase (Acylating) UI - D050645 MN - D8.811.682.657.350.825 MS - An NAD+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate to 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA. (nih.gov)
  • use AMINO ACIDS, BRANCHED-CHAIN 1979, & KETO ACIDS & VALERATES 1973-1979 MH - 3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-Dioxygenase UI - D050561 MN - D8.811.682.690.416.328 MS - An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-hydroxyanthranilate to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde. (nih.gov)
  • use ANTHRANILIC ACID 1974-1979 MH - 3-Isopropylmalate Dehydrogenase UI - D050539 MN - D8.811.682.47.500 MS - An NAD+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate to 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate. (nih.gov)
  • use DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS 1970-1979 MH - 3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase UI - D051229 MN - D8.811.913.225.735 MS - An enzyme of the shikimate pathway of AROMATIC AMINO ACID biosynthesis, it generates 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate and ORTHOPHOSPHATE from PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE and SHIKIMATE-3-PHOSPHATE. (nih.gov)
  • 1 ] + has been evaluated as model system for the catechol oxidase enzyme by using 3,5- di -tert-butylcatechol (3,5-DTBC) as the substrate in methanol medium, which revealed that the cationic complex efficiently inhibits catalytic activity with k cat value 9.65 × 10 2 h −1 . (ias.ac.in)
  • The Cu(II) complex mimics the full catalytic cycle of the active site of catechol oxidase enzyme in acetonitrile medium with a turnover number of 4.788 × 10³ h⁻¹ along with the production of semiquinone radical and hydrogen peroxide. (ias.ac.in)
  • Catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde in the carbazole and BENZOATE degradation via HYDROXYLATION pathways. (musc.edu)
  • In situ generation of Cu(I) species in the catalytic pathway of catechol oxidation was established by electrochemical study and further confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. (ias.ac.in)
  • The ohp operon of Rhodococcus strain V49 consists of five genes, ohpR, ohpA, ohpB, ohpC and ohpD which encode putative regulator and transport proteins and confirmed monooxygenase, hydroxymuconic semialdehyde hydrolase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase enzymes, respectively. (edu.sa)
  • Following biochemical assays of cell-free extracts from recombinant Escherichia coli expressing ohpB (monooxygenase), ohpC (hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde hydrolase) and ohpD (catechol 2,3-dioxygenase), the ortho-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid catabolic pathway in Rhodococcus strain V49 (ATCC 19070) has been predicted. (edu.sa)
  • Genetic organization, nucleotide sequence and regulation of expression of genes encoding phenol hydroxylase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCIB8250. (cornell.edu)
  • B5 possesses alkane hydroxylase (alkB) and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23D) genes, which are responsible for the degradation of alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons, respectively. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It also catalyzes the conversion of 3-methylcatechol to cis, cis-2-hydroxy-6-oxohept-2,4-dienoate in the TOLUENE and XYLENE degradation pathway. (musc.edu)
  • These enzymes catalyse the conversion of 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid to the corresponding linear product via a meta-cleavage pathway. (edu.sa)
  • These dihydroxylated intermediates may then be processed through either an ortho cleavage type of pathway, in which ring fission occurs between the two hydroxylated carbon atoms, or a meta- cleavage type of pathway, which involves cleavage of the bond adjacent to the hydroxyl groups, leading to central intermediates such as protocatechates and catechols. (europa.eu)
  • They are converted enzymatically to the natural intermediates of degradation, for example catechol and protecatechuate (Fritsche and Hofrichter, 2000). (europa.eu)
  • Under aerobic conditions with toluene-induced cells, strains expressing toluene dioxygenases (Pseudomonas putida F1, Pseudomonas sp. (nih.gov)
  • Analysis of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of C23O from strain PKO1 suggests that this extradiol dioxygenase belongs to a new cluster within the subfamily of C23Os that preferentially cleave monocyclic substrates. (nih.gov)
  • Complex 2 reacts with dioxygen to oxidatively cleave the aromatic C-C bond of DBC giving rise to selective extradiol cleavage products. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Powell, JAC & Archer, J 1998, ' Molecular characterisation of a Rhodococcus ohp operon ', Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology , vol. 74, no. 1-3, pp. 175-188. (edu.sa)
  • 4-Chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase fromthe chlorophenol-utilizing Gram-positive Rhodococcus opacus1CP: crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis. (unifi.it)
  • Catechol 2,3-dioxygenases functional in oxygen-limited (hypoxic) environments. (nih.gov)
  • 3. Oxidative stress response in an anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon: presence of a functional peroxiredoxin in Pyrococcus horikoshii. (nih.gov)
  • Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (musc.edu)
  • 17. Comparative analysis of the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene locus in thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus strain 98/2. (nih.gov)
  • Table 2 Differential phenotypic characteristics between selleck kinase inhibitor strain IIH2T and related species Halopiger djelfamassiliensis strain IIH2T was susceptible to bacitracin (10 ��g), novobiocin (30 ��g) and tetracycline (30 ��g) but resistant to ampicillin (10 ��g), cephalothin (30 ��g), chloramphenicol (30 ��g), streptomycin (10 ��g), erythromycin (15 ��g), gentamicin (10 ��g), kanamycin (30 ��g), nalidixic acid (30 ��g), penicillin G (10 ��g) and vancomycin (30 ��g). (pkcpathway.com)
  • This iron(II)complex is able to catalyze the cleavage of aromatic C-C linkage of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (Gentisic acid, GA) in oxygen environment. (ias.ac.in)
  • This in situ generated iron-GA adduct reacts with molecular oxygen at the rate, k obs = 6.58×10 −3 min −1 in acetonitrile and affords exclusively 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-hepta-3,5-dienedioic acid. (ias.ac.in)
  • The bond parameters of 2(ox) and 3(ox) clearly establish the radical nature of catecholate- and o-aminophenolate-derived ligand, respectively. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • HN - 2006(1998) MH - Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex UI - D051376 MN - D5.750.78.730.246 MN - D12.776.220.525.246 MS - A complex of seven proteins including ARP2 PROTEIN and ARP3 PROTEIN that plays an essential role in maintenance and assembly of the CYTOSKELETON. (nih.gov)
  • HN - 2006(1981) BX - Cofilins MH - Actin-Related Protein 2 UI - D051377 MN - D5.750.78.730.246.500 MN - D12.776.220.525.246.500 MS - A PROFILIN binding domain protein that is part of the Arp2-3 complex. (nih.gov)
  • Structural characterisations of 1, 2, 2(ox) and 3(ox) reveal the presence of a strong iron-carbon bonding interaction in all the complexes. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The iron(II) complex in the presence of two equivalent of triethylamine (Et 3 N) binds with GA stoichiometrically in acetonitrile medium at 25 ◦ C. Observation of GA-to-iron LMCT optical bands at 521 and 609 nm supports in situ generated iron-GA adduct in solution. (ias.ac.in)
  • 18. Molecular cloning and characterization of 1-Cys and 2-Cys peroxiredoxins from the bumblebee Bombus ignitus. (nih.gov)
  • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology , 74 (1-3), 175-188. (edu.sa)
  • The incorporation of both the oxygen atoms of molecular oxygen in the bio-mimicking activity of gentisate-1,2-dioxygenase by this iron(II)-phenanthroline complex remain arare example in scientific literature. (ias.ac.in)
  • The lattice water molecules in 1 form a water-nitrate cluster, (H 2 O) 2 . (ias.ac.in)
  • Arp2-3 complex binds WASP PROTEIN and existing ACTIN FILAMENTS, and it nucleates the formation of new branch point filaments. (nih.gov)
  • HN - 2006 BX - Arp2-3 Complex MH - Actin-Related Protein 3 UI - D051378 MN - D5.750.78.730.246.750 MN - D12.776.220.525.246.750 MS - A component of the Arp2-3 complex that is related in sequence and structure to ACTIN and that binds ATP. (nih.gov)
  • European Journal of Clinical Investigation 3): 181-183, 1979. (nih.gov)
  • 2 with a validated species enabled identification at the species level, and a score (pkcpathway.com)
  • RpoN (sigma 54) is required for conversion of phenol to catechol in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. (cornell.edu)
  • Lancet 2(8052/8053): 1327-1328, December 24 and 31, 1977. (nih.gov)
  • Co(phen) 2 Cl 2 ] + in methanol solution. (ias.ac.in)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase" by people in this website by year, and whether "Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (musc.edu)
  • Table 2 summarizes the differential phenotypic characteristics of H. djelfamassiliensis sp. (pkcpathway.com)
  • NO 3 ) 2 through strong H-bonding interaction mediated via iron(II) complex in a unique binding motif and provide additional stability to the compound in the solid state. (ias.ac.in)
  • Indian Journal of Microbiology, 55 (2). (csircentral.net)
  • International Journal of Phytoremediation, 20 (3). (csircentral.net)
  • Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 6 (3). (csircentral.net)
  • Indian Journal of Microbiology, 56 (3). (csircentral.net)
  • Journal of the American Medical Association 131(3): 205-209, May 1946. (nih.gov)
  • In many countries, traditional medicines, based on medicinal plants, are an essential part of their health system [ 3 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • In this work, we have synthesised and crystallographically characterized a mononuclear iron(II) complex, [Fe(phen) 3 ](NO 3 ) 2 ·2H 2 O (1) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). (ias.ac.in)
  • 2) An additional circular mapping catheter is required to increase complete isolation rate to 93% of the patients. (mmp-signal.com)