Catechin. Medical search

An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.

The infusion of leaves of CAMELLIA SINENSIS (formerly Thea sinensis) as a beverage, the familiar Asian tea, which contains CATECHIN (especially epigallocatechin gallate) and CAFFEINE.

Camellia sinensis L. (formerly Thea sinensis) is an evergreen Asiatic shrub of the THEACEAE family. The infusion of leaves of this plant is used as Oriental TEA which contains CAFFEINE; THEOPHYLLINE; and epigallocatechin gallate.

Dimers (homo and hetero) of FLAVONOIDS.

A large class of organic compounds having more than one PHENOL group.

A group of phenyl benzopyrans named for having structures like FLAVONES.

A colorless or slightly yellow crystalline compound obtained from nutgalls. It is used in photography, pharmaceuticals, and as an analytical reagent.

Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.

Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.

A plant genus in the family THEACEAE, order THEALES best known for CAMELLIA SINENSIS which is the source of Oriental TEA.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain 5-methyl-8-hydroxycoumarin. The common name of centaury is more often used for CENTAURIUM

A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including BUCKWHEAT; TOBACCO; FORSYTHIA; HYDRANGEA; VIOLA, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility.

Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.

Fermented juice of fresh grapes or of other fruit or plant products used as a beverage.

A group of 3-hydroxy-4-keto-FLAVONOIDS.

A tree of the family Sterculiaceae (or Byttneriaceae), usually Theobroma cacao, or its seeds, which after fermentation and roasting, yield cocoa and chocolate.

A flavonol widely distributed in plants. It is an antioxidant, like many other phenolic heterocyclic compounds. Glycosylated forms include RUTIN and quercetrin.

A group of FLAVONOIDS derived from FLAVONOLS, which lack the ketone oxygen at the 4-position. They are glycosylated versions of cyanidin, pelargonidin or delphinidin. The conjugated bonds result in blue, red, and purple colors in flowers of plants.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of protocatechuate to 3-carboxy-cis-cis-muconate in the presence of molecular oxygen. It contains ferric ion. EC 1.13.11.3.

Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries.

Elements with partially filled d orbitals. They constitute groups 3-12 of the periodic table of elements.

A plant genus of the family SAPINDACEAE. The seed of P. cupana is the source of guarana powder which contains 4% CAFFEINE.

Agents that increase energy expenditure and weight loss by neural and chemical regulation. Beta-adrenergic agents and serotoninergic drugs have been experimentally used in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to treat obesity.

A plant genus of the family CISTACEAE. The common name of rock rose is also sometimes used with the closely related Helianthemum genus (CISTACEAE).

A plant genus of the family COMBRETACEAE. Triterpenes and combretastatin have been identified in members of this genus.

A plant genus of the family POACEAE. Young shoots are eaten in Asian foods while the stiff mature stems are used for construction of many things. The common name of bamboo is also used for other genera of Poaceae including Phyllostachys, SASA, and Dendrocalamus.

Benzoate derivatives substituted by one or more hydroxy groups in any position on the benzene ring.

The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.

Disinfectant used in vapor form to sterilize vaccines, grafts, etc. The vapor is very irritating and the liquid form is carcinogenic.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.

Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.

The type species of the genus INFLUENZAVIRUS A that causes influenza and other diseases in humans and animals. Antigenic variation occurs frequently between strains, allowing classification into subtypes and variants. Transmission is usually by aerosol (human and most non-aquatic hosts) or waterborne (ducks). Infected birds shed the virus in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces.

Vaccines in which the infectious microbial nucleic acid components have been destroyed by chemical or physical treatment (e.g., formalin, beta-propiolactone, gamma radiation) without affecting the antigenicity or immunogenicity of the viral coat or bacterial outer membrane proteins.

Drugs used to protect against ionizing radiation. They are usually of interest for use in radiation therapy but have been considered for other, e.g. military, purposes.

Individual members of Central American ethnic groups with ancient historic ancestral origins in Asia. Mexican Indians are not included.

A cluster of metabolic risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome X include excess ABDOMINAL FAT; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. (from AHA/NHLBI/ADA Conference Proceedings, Circulation 2004; 109:551-556)

A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.

A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

"The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.

The premier bibliographic database of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. MEDLINE® (MEDLARS Online) is the primary subset of PUBMED and can be searched on NLM's Web site in PubMed or the NLM Gateway. MEDLINE references are indexed with MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH).

Publications in any medium issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely. (ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p203)

The free-swimming larval forms of parasites found in an intermediate host.

Agents, usually topical, that cause the contraction of tissues for the control of bleeding or secretions.

The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.

A broad range of biologically active compounds which occur naturally in plants having important medicinal and nutritional properties.

ESR study on the structure-antioxidant activity relationship of tea catechins and their epimers. (1/1387)

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the free radical scavenging activities and the chemical structures of tea catechins ((-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and (-)-epicatechin (EC)) and their corresponding epimers ((-)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), (-)-gallocatechin (GC) and (+)-catechin ((+)-C)). With electron spin resonance (ESR) we investigated their scavenging effects on superoxide anions (O-.2) generated in the irradiated riboflavin system, singlet oxygen(1O2) generated in the photoradiation-hemoporphyrin system, the free radicals generated from 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)hydrochloride (AAPH) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The results showed that the scavenging effects of galloylated catechins (EGCG and GCG) on the four free radicals were stronger than those of nongalloylated catechins (EGC, GC, EC, (+)-C), and the scavenging effects of EGC and GC were stronger than those of EC and (+)-C. Thus, it is suggested that the presence of the gallate group at the 3 position plays the most important role in their free radical-scavenging abilities and an additional insertion of the hydroxyl group at the 5' position in the B ring also contributes to their scavenging activities. Moreover, the corresponding phenoxyl radicals formed after the reaction with O-.2 were trapped by DMPO and the ESR spectra of DMPO/phenoxyl radical adducts were observed (aN=15.6 G and aHbeta=21.5 G). No significant differences were found between the scavenging effects of the catechins and their epimers when their concentrations were high. However, significant differences were observed at relatively low concentrations, and the lower their concentrations, the higher the differences. The scavenging abilities of GCG, GC and (+)-C were stronger than those of their corresponding epimers (EGCG, EGC and EC). The differences between their sterical structures played a more important role in their abilities to scavenge large free radicals, such as the free radicals generated from AAPH and the DPPH radical, than to scavenge small free radicals, such as O-.2 and 1O2, especially in the case with EGCG and GCG with more bulky steric hindrance. (+info)

Procyanidin oligomers selectively and intensively promote proliferation of mouse hair epithelial cells in vitro and activate hair follicle growth in vivo. (2/1387)

We have previously reported that proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds possess growth-promoting activity toward murine hair epithelial cells in vitro and stimulate anagen induction in hair cycle progression in vivo. This report constitutes a comparison of the growth-promoting activity of procyanidin oligomers and the target cells of procyanidins in the skin. Results show that procyanidin dimer and trimer exhibit higher growth-promoting activity than the monomer. The maximum growth-promoting activity for hair epithelial cells with procyanidin B-2, an epicatechin dimer, reached about 300% (30 microM) relative to controls (= 100%) in a 5 d culture. Optimum concentration of procyanidin C-1, an epicatechin trimer, was lower than that of procyanidin B-2; the maximum growth-promoting activity of procyanidin C-1 was about 220% (3 microM). No other flavonoid compounds examined exhibit higher proliferative activities than the procyanidins. In skin constituent cells, only epithelial cells such as hair keratinocytes or epidermal keratinocytes respond to procyanidin oligomers. Topical application of 1% procyanidin oligomers on shaven C3H mice in the telogen phase led to significant hair regeneration [procyanidin B-2, 69.6% +/- 21.8% (mean +/- SD); procyanidin B-3, 80.9% +/- 13.0%; procyanidin C-1, 78.3% +/- 7.6%] on the basis of the shaven area; application of vehicle only led to regeneration of 41.7% (SD = 16.3%). In this paper, we demonstrate the hair-growing activity of procyanidin oligomers both in vitro and in vivo, and their potential for use as agents to induce hair growth. (+info)

Inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-induced mutagenesis by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in the lung of rpsL transgenic mice. (3/1387)

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major water-soluble component of green tea. The antimutagenic activity of EGCG against benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-induced mutations was assessed by using transgenic mice carrying the rpsL gene as a monitor of mutations. Seven-week-old male mice were given drinking water containing EGCG for 3 weeks. On day 7, mice were treated with a single i.p. injection of B[a]P (500 mg/kg body wt). Two weeks after the injection, the mutations in the rpsL gene were analyzed. B[a]P treatment resulted in an approximately 4-fold increase of mutation frequency at the rpsL gene in the lung. An approximately 60% reduction in the B[a]P-induced mutations in the lung was observed when mice were given EGCG at concentrations >0.005%. B[a]P-induced mutations mainly occurred at G:C basepairs in the several specific nucleotide sequences of the rpsL gene. These were AGG, CGG, CGT, TGG, TGC and GGT: all of them contained a guanine residue. Mutations seen similarly in the human Ki-ras codon 12 or p53 codons 157, 248, and 273 of lung tumor were also found in the rpsL gene, and the mutations were suppressed by the EGCG treatment. In conclusion, the antimutagenic effects of EGCG for B[a]P-induced mutagenesis in vivo suggest that drinking green tea may reduce the tumor-initiating potency of B[a]P in the lung. (+info)

Methylation of tea catechins by rat liver homogenates. (4/1387)

Methylation of (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECg), and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) was carried out with a rat liver homogenate and S-adenosyl-L-methionine. A structural analysis of the reaction products by MS and NMR showed that 4'-O-methyl EGC, 4"-O-methyl ECg, and 4"-O-methyl EGCg had been formed from EGC, ECg, and EGCg, respectively. These results suggest that methylation may be one of the metabolic pathways to the catechins. (+info)

Epigallocathechin-3 gallate selectively inhibits the PDGF-BB-induced intracellular signaling transduction pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibits transformation of sis-transfected NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and human glioblastoma cells (A172). (5/1387)

Enhanced activity of receptor tyrosine kinases such as the PDGF beta-receptor and EGF receptor has been implicated as a contributing factor in the development of malignant and nonmalignant proliferative diseases such as cancer and atherosclerosis. Several epidemiological studies suggest that green tea may prevent the development of cancer and atherosclerosis. One of the major constituents of green tea is the polyphenol epigallocathechin-3 gallate (EGCG). In an attempt to offer a possible explanation for the anti-cancer and anti-atherosclerotic activity of EGCG, we examined the effect of EGCG on the PDGF-BB-, EGF-, angiotensin II-, and FCS-induced activation of the 44 kDa and 42 kDa mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase isoforms (p44(mapk)/p42(mapk)) in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from rat aorta. VSMCs were treated with EGCG (1-100 microM) for 24 h and stimulated with the above mentioned agonists for different time periods. Stimulation of the p44(mapk)/p42(mapk) was detected by the enhanced Western blotting method using phospho-specific MAP kinase antibodies that recognized the Tyr204-phosphorylated (active) isoforms. Treatment of VSMCs with 10 and 50 microM EGCG resulted in an 80% and a complete inhibition of the PDGF-BB-induced activation of MAP kinase isoforms, respectively. In striking contrast, EGCG (1-100 microM) did not influence MAP kinase activation by EGF, angiotensin II, and FCS. Similarly, the maximal effect of PDGF-BB on the c-fos and egr-1 mRNA expression as well as on intracellular free Ca2+ concentration was completely inhibited in EGCG-treated VSMCs, whereas the effect of EGF was not affected. Quantification of the immunoprecipitated tyrosine-phosphorylated PDGF-Rbeta, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, and phospholipase C-gamma1 by the enhanced Western blotting method revealed that EGCG treatment effectively inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of these kinases in VSMCs. Furthermore, we show that spheroid formation of human glioblastoma cells (A172) and colony formation of sis-transfected NIH 3T3 cells in semisolid agar are completely inhibited by 20-50 microM EGCG. Our findings demonstrate that EGCG is a selective inhibitor of the tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGF-Rbeta and its downstream signaling pathway. The present findings may partly explain the anti-cancer and anti-atherosclerotic activity of green tea. (+info)

Involvement of endothelium/nitric oxide in vasorelaxation induced by purified green tea (-)epicatechin. (6/1387)

The present study investigated the involvement of endothelial nitric oxide in relaxation induced by purified green tea (-)epicatechin in rat isolated mesenteric arteries. (-)Epicatechin caused both endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation. NG-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 microM) and methylene blue (10 microM) significantly attenuated (-)epicatechin-induced relaxation in endothelium-intact tissues. L-Arginine (1 mM) partially antagonized the effect of L-NAME. (-)Epicatechin-induced relaxation was inhibited by Rp-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate triethylamine. In contrast, indomethacin and glibenclamide had no effect. (-)Epicatechin (100 microM) significantly increased the tissue content of cyclic GMP and NG-nitro-L-arginine (100 microM) or removal of the endothelium abolished this increase. (-)Epicatechin (100 microM) induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Iberiotoxin at 100 nM attenuated (-)epicatechin-induced relaxation in endothelium-intact arteries and this effect was absent in the presence of 100 microM L-NAME. In summary, (-)epicatechin-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation is primarily mediated by nitric oxide and partially through nitric oxide-dependent activation of iberiotoxin-sensitive K+ channels. In addition, there may be a causal link between increased Ca2+ levels and nitric oxide release in response to (-)epicatechin. (+info)

Suppression of extracellular signals and cell proliferation by the black tea polyphenol, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate. (7/1387)

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the major green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), suppressed autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor induced by EGF in human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of black tea polyphenols, including theaflavin (TF-1), a mixture (TF-2) of theaflavin-3-gallate (TF-2a) and theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF-2b), theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF-3) and the thearubigin fraction on the autophosphorylation of the EGF and PDGF receptors in A431 cells and mouse NIH3T3 fibroblast cells, respectively. First, we examined the effects of these polyphenols on the proliferation of A431 and NIH3T3 cells. Both EGCG and TF-3 strongly inhibited the proliferation of A431 and NIH3T3 cells more than the other theaflavins did. In cultured cells with pre-treatment of tea polyphenol, TF-3 was stronger than EGCG on the reduction of EGF receptor and PDGF receptor autophosphorylation induced by EGF and PDGF, respectively. Other theaflavins slightly reduced the autophosphorylation of the EGF and PDGF receptors; furthermore, TF-3 could reduce autophosphorylation of the EGF receptor (or PDGF receptor) even with co-treatment with EGF (or PDGF) and TF-3, but EGCG was inactive under these conditions. In addition, TF-3 was stronger than EGCG in blocking EGF binding to its receptor. These results suggest that not only the green tea polyphenol, EGCG, but also the black tea polyphenol, TF-3, have an antiproliferative activity on tumor cells, and the molecular mechanisms of antiproliferation may block the growth factor binding to its receptor and thus suppress mitogenic signal transduction. (+info)

Apoptosis-inducing activity of polyphenol compounds derived from tea catechins in human histiolytic lymphoma U937 cells. (8/1387)

Polyphenolic compounds derived from tea catechins were examined for apoptosis-inducing activity in human histiolytic lymphoma U937 cells. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate, theasinensin D, compound OH-5, theaflavin, and theaflavin digallate induced apoptosis as evidenced by DNA ladder formation, its inhibition by a caspase inhibitor, and chromatin condensation. Theasinensin D was the most potent inducer and the data suggest the importance of the number and three dimensional localization of their phenolic groups in this activity. These apoptosis-inducible compounds may be useful as a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent. (+info)

Allelopathy via catechin[edit]. The roots of C. maculosa exude (-)-catechin.[12] This acts as an herbicide to inhibit ... Some natives, such as Gaillardia grandiflora and Lupinus sericeus, are resistant to catechin-induced toxicity. This resistance ... Catechin in Spotted Knapweed". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 32: 2327-2331. doi:10.1007/s10886-006-9168-y.. ... maculosa stimulates additional release of catechin, the main allelopathic chemical which the species emits.[9] In addition, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_knapweed

Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABRA4 gene.[5][6] GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it acts at GABA-A receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. Chloride conductance of these channels can be modulated by agents such as benzodiazepines that bind to the GABA-A receptor. At least 16 distinct subunits of GABA-A receptors have been identified.[6] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABRA4

... is a benzamide,[12] derivative of morpholine,[103] which acts pharmacologically as a selective, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA),[9] a type of monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), and increases levels of norepinephrine (noradrenaline), dopamine, and especially serotonin.[104][105] in neuronal cells as well as in synaptic vesicles; extracellular levels also increase which results in increased monoamine receptor stimulation and suppression of REM sleep, down regulation of 3-adrenoceptors. A single 300 mg dose of moclobemide inhibits 80% of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and 30% of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), blocking the decomposition of norepinephrine, serotonin and, to a lesser extent, dopamine. There is also some evidence pointing towards moclobemide possessing neuroprotective properties.[8] There is no cumulative effect of moclobemide centrally when taken long-term.[8] With long-term use of moclobemide, there is a significant down-regulation of B-adrenoceptors.[8] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moclobemide

... (CHF-3381, V-3381) is a drug which was formerly being investigated as an anticonvulsant and neuroprotective and is now under development for the treatment of neuropathic pain and chronic cough in Europe by Vernalis and Chiesi.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] It acts as a competitive, reversible, and non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor,[5][6][9] and as a low affinity, non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist.[1][2][10] A pilot study of indantadol for chronic cough was initiated in October 2009 and in April 2010 it failed to achieve significant efficacy in neuropathic pain in phase IIb clinical trials.[7][8][11][12] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indantadol

... , a pathway inhibitor in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine, was used to determine the effects of decreased dopamine levels in social spacing of Drosophila melanogaster. 3-4 day old flies that were fed 3-iodotyrosine for 24 hours were shown to have altered dopamine levels.[3] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Iodotyrosine

A deficiency of tyrosine hydroxylase leads to impaired synthesis of dopamine as well as epinephrine and norepinephrine. It is represented by a progressive encephalopathy and poor prognosis. Clinical features include dystonia that is minimally or nonresponsive to levodopa, extrapyramidal symptoms, ptosis, miosis, and postural hypotension. This is a progressive and often lethal disorder, which can be improved but not cured by levodopa.[39] Response to treatment is variable and the long-term and functional outcome is unknown. To provide a basis for improving the understanding of the epidemiology, genotype/phenotype correlation and outcome of these diseases their impact on the quality of life of patients, and for evaluating diagnostic and therapeutic strategies a patient registry was established by the noncommercial International Working Group on Neurotransmitter Related Disorders (iNTD).[40] Additionally alterations in the tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme activity may be involved in disorders such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine_3-monooxygenase

... is a nootropic drug invented in 2009 by a team working for Hoffmann-La Roche, which acts as a subtype-selective inverse agonist at the α5 subtype of the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABAA receptor. It has good selectivity for the α5 subtype and did not produce convulsant or anxiogenic effects in animal studies, making it a promising potential nootropic.[1][2][3] Ro4938581 and a related derivative basmisanil (RG-1662, RO5186582) have subsequently been investigated for the alleviation of cognitive dysfunction in Down syndrome.[4][5] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro4938581

... also binds to and blocks α2δ subunit-containing VDCCs, similarly to gabapentin and pregabalin, and hence is a gabapentinoid.[9][16] Both (R)-phenibut and (S)-phenibut display this action with similar affinity (Ki = 23 and 39 μM, respectively).[9] Moreover, (R)-phenibut possesses 4-fold greater affinity for this site than for the GABAB receptor (Ki = 92 μM), while (S)-phenibut does not bind significantly to the GABAB receptor (Ki , 1 mM).[9] As such, based on the results of this study, phenibut would appear to have much greater potency in its interactions with α2δ subunit-containing VDCCs than with the GABAB receptor (between 5- to 10-fold).[9] For this reason, the actions of phenibut as a α2δ subunit-containing voltage-gated calcium channel blocker or gabapentinoid may be its true primary mechanism of action, and this may explain the differences between phenibut and its close relative baclofen (which, in contrast, has essentially insignificant activity as a gabapentinoid; Ki = 6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenibut

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:GABA_receptor_modulators

... , also known as eltanolone (INN), is an endogenous neurosteroid that is biosynthesized from progesterone.[1] It is a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor,[1] as well as a negative allosteric modulator of the glycine receptor,[2] and is known to have sedative, anxiolytic, anesthetic, and anticonvulsant effects.[1][2][3] It was investigated for clinical use as a general anesthetic, but produced unwanted side effects such as convulsions on occasion, and for this reason was never marketed.[2][4] During pregnancy, pregnanolone and allopregnanolone are involved in sedation and anesthesia of the fetus.[5][6] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eltanolone

... is used to treat a wide variety of infections, including infections of bones and joints, endocarditis, gastroenteritis, malignant otitis externa, respiratory tract infections, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, prostatitis, anthrax, and chancroid.[2]. Ciprofloxacin only treats bacterial infections; it does not treat viral infections such as the common cold. For certain uses including acute sinusitis, lower respiratory tract infections and uncomplicated gonorrhea, ciprofloxacin is not considered a first-line agent.. Ciprofloxacin occupies an important role in treatment guidelines issued by major medical societies for the treatment of serious infections, especially those likely to be caused by Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For example, ciprofloxacin in combination with metronidazole is one of several first-line antibiotic regimens recommended by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of community-acquired abdominal infections in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipro

... (5α-DHP), also known as allopregnanedione,[1] as well as 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione, is an endogenous progestogen and neurosteroid that is synthesized from progesterone.[2][3] It is also an intermediate in the synthesis of allopregnanolone and isopregnanolone from progesterone. 5α-DHP is an agonist of the progesterone receptor and a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor (albeit with an affinity for this receptor that is regarded as relatively low (in comparison to 3α-hydroxylated progesterone metabolites such as allopregnanolone and pregnanolone)).[2][3][4][5] It has also been found to act as a negative allosteric modulator of the GABAA-rho receptor.[6] In addition, it is a weak agonist of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) (EC50 ,10,000 µM)), with approximately six-fold lower potency relative to its 5β-isomer, 5β-dihydroprogesterone.[7]. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-alpha-dihydroprogesterone

UMB86; Positive allosteric modulators: (+)-Catechin. *Monastrol. *Antagonists: Main site: Gabazine (SR-95531) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GHB_receptor

Delini-Stula, A.; Fischbach, R.; Gnirss, F.; Bures, E.; Pöldinger, W. (1985). "Early experience with CGP 4718 A (Sercloremine), a new selective and reversible MAO-A and 5-HT-uptake inhibitor, in the treatment of depressive patients". Drug Development Research. 6 (4): 371-384. doi:10.1002/ddr.430060409. ISSN 0272-4391 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sercloremine

... is a competitive antagonist for the GABAB receptor.[1] This drug is an analogue of the GABAB agonist baclofen. The GABAB receptor is heptahelical receptor, expressed as an obligate heterodimer, which couples to the Gi/o class of heterotrimeric G-proteins. The action of saclofen on the central nervous system is understandably modest, because G-proteins rely on an enzyme cascade to alter cell behavior while ionotropic receptors immediately change the ionic permeability of the neuronal plasma membrane, thus changing its firing patterns. These particular receptors, presynaptically inhibit N- and P/Q- voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) via a direct interaction of the dissociated beta gamma subunit of the g-protein with the intracellular loop between the 1st and 2nd domain of the VGCC's alpha-subunit; postsynaptically, these potentiate Kir currents. Both result in inhibitory effects. However, in animal experiments, saclofen is paradoxically observed to have an antiepileptic effect. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saclofen

Neurons that produce GABA as their output are called GABAergic neurons, and have chiefly inhibitory action at receptors in the adult vertebrate. Medium spiny cells are a typical example of inhibitory central nervous system GABAergic cells. In contrast, GABA exhibits both excitatory and inhibitory actions in insects, mediating muscle activation at synapses between nerves and muscle cells, and also the stimulation of certain glands.[4] In mammals, some GABAergic neurons, such as chandelier cells, are also able to excite their glutamatergic counterparts.[5] GABAA receptors are ligand-activated chloride channels: when activated by GABA, they allow the flow of chloride ions across the membrane of the cell. Whether this chloride flow is depolarizing (makes the voltage across the cell's membrane less negative), shunting (has no effect on the cell's membrane potential), or inhibitory/hyperpolarizing (makes the cell's membrane more negative) depends on the direction of the flow of chloride. When net ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_amino_butyric_acid

7,8-DHF, 8-prenylnaringenin, apigenin, baicalein, baicalin, biochanin A, calycosin, catechin, daidzein, daidzin, ECG, EGCG, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilantin

... is an alkaloid found in Corydalis (Papaveraceae) and Dicentra, plants in the family Fumariaceae that can cause fatal poisoning in sheep and cattle.[citation needed] It has been shown to act as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor,[1] and inhibits biosynthesis of dopamine via inhibition of the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase.[2][3] Like apomorphine, it is reported to be an inhibitor of amyloid beta protein (Aβ) fiber formation, whose presence is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Bulbocapnine is thus a potential therapeutic under the amyloid hypothesis.[4] According to the Dorlands Medical Dictionary, it "inhibits the reflex and motor activities of striated muscle. It has been used in the treatment of muscular tremors and vestibular nystagmus".[5] A psychiatrist at Tulane University named Robert Heath carried out experiments on prisoners at the Louisiana State Penitentiary using bulbocapnine to induce stupor.[6] This work at Tulane inspired, and was continued parallel to, experiments ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulbocapnine

... catechin dimer) to A-type: evidence for abstraction of C-2 hydrogen in catechin during radical oxidation". Tetrahedron Letters ... Dimeric catechin. Procyanidin A2. Procyanidol A2. Proanthocyanidin A-2. Procyanidin dimer A2. (+)-Proanthocyanidin A2. ... Trimers: Arecatannin B1 (epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→6)-catechin) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procyanidin_A2

The aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum produces ellagic, gallic and pyrogallic acids and (+)-catechin.[60] ... For example, ellagic acid is a dimer of gallic acid and forms the class of ellagitannins, or a catechin and a gallocatechin can ... An example of such molecules is catechin. Cavicularin is an unusual macrocycle because it was the first compound isolated from ... catechin, allelopathic phenolic compounds inhibiting the growth of blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa.[60] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_phenol

They are oligomeric compounds, formed from catechin and epicatechin molecules. They yield cyanidin when depolymerized under ... Trimers: Arecatannin B1 (epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→6)-catechin) ... Reaction on condensed tannins from Douglas fir bark produces epicatechin and catechin thioglycolates.[24] ... resulting in a red color of the test in the presence of catechin or proanthocyanidins. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grape_tannins

He proved the presence of catechin in cocoa beans in 1931. He showed in 1945 that luteic acid, a molecule present in the ... Adam, W. B.; Hardy, F.; Nierenstein, M. (1931). "The Catechin of the Cacao Bean". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 53 ... "Catechins isolated from tea leaves". Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas. 58 (9): 805-830. doi:10.1002/recl.19390580907 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannin

He proved the presence of catechin in cocoa beans in 1931. He also worked on milk and caseinogen. He reviewed the discovery of ... Adam, W. B.; Hardy, F.; Nierenstein, M. (1931). "The Catechin of the Cacao Bean". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 53 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_Nierenstein

... is a metabolite of the catechin degradation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The enzyme 3-carboxy- ... Waheeta Hopper and A. Mahadevan (1997). "Degradation of catechin by Bradyrhizobium japonicum". Biodegradation. 8 (3): 159-165. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Carboxy-cis,cis-muconic_acid

S2CID 36347319.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) Mahadevan, A.; Waheeta, Hopper (1997). "Degradation of catechin by ... Hydroxyquinol commonly occurs in nature as a biodegradation product of catechin, a natural phenol found in plants (e.g. by soil ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyquinol

D-catechin. seed. Fat. seed. , 30,000. Guanine. seed. Guaranine. seed. Hypoxanthine. seed. ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarana

Catechin was first isolated from the plant extract catechu, from which it derives its name. Heating catechin past its point of ... Catechin gallates are gallic acid esters of the catechins; an example is epigallocatechin gallate, which is commonly the most ... Catechin and epicatechin are epimers, with (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin being the most common optical isomers found in ... The catechins are abundant in teas derived from the tea plant Camellia sinensis, as well as in some cocoas and chocolates (made ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavan-3-ol

... contains catechin-7-O-glucoside. Inhibitors of Osteoclast Differentiation from Cephalotaxus koreana. Kee ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalotaxus_koreana

Geiparvarin Desmethoxyyangonin, a constituent of kava extract; modest affinity Catechin and epicatechin[citation needed]. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_B

Sambandam, T.; Mahadevan, A. (1993). "Degradation of catechin and purification and partial characterization of catechin ... C. cupreum is able to degrade catechin. Agricultural interest in C. cupreum has arisen due to the ability of some strains to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaetomium_cupreum

The most common catechin isomer is the (+)-catechin. The other stereoisomer is (-)-catechin or ent-catechin. The most common ... catechins (67 mg/kg). Catechins are diverse among foods, from peaches to green tea and vinegar. Catechins are found in barley ... catechin or DL-catechin and (+/-)-epicatechin or DL-epicatechin. Catechin and epicatechin are the building blocks of the ... 2R,3S)-Catechin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be isolated from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and malt. Epigeoside (Catechin-3-O- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechin

Catechin glucoside may refer to: Catechin-3-O-glucoside Catechin-3-O-glucoside Catechin-4-O-glucoside Catechin-5-O-glucoside ... Catechin-7-O-glucoside This set index page lists chemical compounds articles associated with the same name. If an internal link ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechin_glucoside

Ham has published nmnerous research papers on the health effects of green tea and its catechins. This book provides a ... the health effects of tea and its catechins have been docmnented in nmnerous scientific studies and the scientific basis of ... Health Effects of Tea and Its Catechins. Yukiaki Kuroda,Yukihiko Hara. No preview available - 2011. ... Health Effects of Tea and Its Catechins. Yukiaki Kuroda,Yukihiko Hara. Limited preview - 2013. ...

https://books.google.com/books?id=is8WswEACAAJ&dq=editions:ISBN1475753918&output=html_text&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2

New research has revealed that catechins in green tea have powerful benefits for your body and mind by reducing your disease ... New research has revealed that catechins in green tea have powerful benefits for your body and mind by reducing your disease ...

https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2017/08/14/green-tea-catechins.aspx

Botanist Chaining The Catechin lyrics & video : From camellia sinensis Forthwith it flows Polyphenolic antioxidant Juventas ... Chaining The Catechin Lyrics. From camellia sinensis. Forthwith it flows. Polyphenolic antioxidant. Juventas immortal. ... check amazon for Chaining The Catechin mp3 download. these lyrics are submitted by kaan. Record Label(s): 2012 tUMULt ...

https://www.elyrics.net/read/b/botanist-lyrics/chaining-the-catechin-lyrics.html

A process for producing a tea extract containing non-polymer catechins, which includes immersing unfermented tea leaves in ... The thus-obtained tea extract with non-polymer catechins contained therein contains the non-polymer catechins at a high ... to obtain unfermented tea leaves having a percentage catechin residue of at least 80 wt % based on a catechin content of the ... to obtain unfermented tea leaves having a percentage catechin residue of at least 80 wt % based on a catechin content of said ...

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7901720.html

... Hector Pool,1 David Quintanar,2 Juan de ... Hector Pool, David Quintanar, Juan de Dios Figueroa, et al., "Antioxidant Effects of Quercetin and Catechin Encapsulated into ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnm/2012/145380/cta/

A study has uncovered evidence showing that antioxidant polyphenols called catechins may prevent the formation of sticky ... How Do Catechins in Green Tea Help Your Heart?. EGCG may also reduce oxidative stress because it combats cell damage that can ... Other Ways Catechins Help Your Brain. According to Scholar Commons, examinations of post-mortem brains have shown that ... Antioxidant Catechins: What Else Can They Do?. Lower your risk of developing dementia ...

https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2017/10/30/catechins-can-help-heart-brain.aspx

Green tea enriched with catechins may reduce body fat levels, says a new study that supports the weight management potential of ... The catechin-enriched beverage used in this study contained 125.5 mg of EGCG per 350 ml serving of tea, compared with about 15 ... "Effects of catechin-enriched green tea beverage on visceral fat loss in adults with a high proportion of visceral fat: A double ... Catechin-enriched green tea shows fat busting potential: RCT. By Stephen Daniells ...

https://www.nutraingredients.com/Article/2012/02/17/Catechin-enriched-green-tea-shows-fat-busting-potential-RCT

In this study, we show that natural catechins from green tea extracts (GT) can be used as an inactivating agent to prepare ... GT catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) crosslinked primarily with cysteine residues and thus preserved the major ... GT catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) crosslinked primarily with cysteine residues and thus preserved the major ... In this study, we show that natural catechins from green tea extracts (GT) can be used as an inactivating agent to prepare ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02469/full

Sources of catechins. Catechins constitute about 25% of the dry weight of fresh tea leaf[1], although total catechin content ... Catechin was first isolated from the plant extract catechu, from which it derives its name. Heating catechin past its point of ... Catechin gallates are gallic acid esters of the catechins; such as EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate), which is commonly the most ... Health benefits of catechins. The health benefits of catechins have been studied extensively in humans and in animal models. ...

http://wikidoc.org/index.php/Catechin

Bracke, M., Vyncke, B., Opdenakker, G., Foidart, J. M., De Pestel, G., and Mareel, M., 1991, Effect of catechins and citrus ... Inhibition of Colonic Aberrant Crypt Formation by the Dietary Flavonoids (+)-Catechin and Hesperidin. ... catechins occurring in large amounts in pit fruits and green and black tea (Graham, 1992), emerge to be studied recently ... Catechin and Hesperidin. In: Buslig B.S., Manthey J.A. (eds) Flavonoids in Cell Function. Advances in Experimental Medicine and ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-5235-9_11

Wholesale Various High Quality Catechin 98% Hplc Products from Global Catechin 98% Hplc Suppliers and Catechin 98% Hplc Factory ... Tags: Catechin Gallate , 50% Catechin Gallate , High Quality 50% Catechin , View larger image ... And whether catechin 98% hplc is medicine grade, or food grade. There are 1,141 catechin 98% hplc suppliers, mainly located in ... Tags: Tea Polyphenols Catechin , Oolong Tea Extract Catechins Polysaccharide , View larger image ...

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Camellia sinensis, catechins, endothelium, vasodilation, blood pressure, blood glucose concentrations, blood LDL cholesterol, ... Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (tea), including catechins ...

http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/2055

There have been evidences showing that tea and tea catechins reduced the risk of CVD by enhancing antioxidant activity, ... Intake of tea or catechins isolated from tea was shown to inhibit the development of CVD in population studies and in animal ... Tea is rich in polyphenolic catechins which are beneficial to health. There have been evidences suggesting that habitual tea ... Li, N. , Zhao, Y. and Liang, Y. (2013) Cardioprotective effects of tea and its catechins. Health, 5, 23-30. doi: 10.4236/health ...

http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=29878

The synergy of flavonoids catechin, quercetin or epigallocatechin gallate with fluconazole demonstrated antifungal activity ... Substances : Catechin : CK(565) : AC(191), EGCG (Epigallocatechin gallate) : CK(890) : AC(477), Quercetin : CK(846) : AC(392) ... Synergistic effect of the flavonoid catechin, quercetin, or epigallocatechin gallate with fluconazole induces apoptosis in ... Three combinations formed by the flavonoids (+)-catechin hydrated, hydrated quercetin, and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate at a ...

http://www.greenmedinfo.com/article/synergy-flavonoids-catechin-quercetin-or-epigallocatechin-gallate-fluconazole-

Sources of catechins. Catechins constitute about 25% of the dry weight of fresh tea leaf[1], although total catechin content ... Green Tea Catechins (2634 words). Green tea catechins have been found to have a number of antioxidant activities, including ... Catechin was first isolated from the plant extract catechu, from which it derives its name. Heating catechin past its point of ... Catechin gallates are gallic acid esters of the catechins; such as EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate), which is commonly the most ...

http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Catechin

Damage to the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli by catechin-copper (II) complexes.. Hoshino N1, Kimura T, Yamaji A, Ando ... Induction of endogenous catalase in E. coli cells increased their resistance to being killed by the combination of catechins ... These findings suggest that recycling redox reactions between Cu(II) and Cu(I), involving catechins and hydrogen peroxide on ... indicating that the bactericidal activity of catechins in the presence of Cu(II) results from damage to the cytoplasmic ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10641717?dopt=Abstract

... such as catechins, which are tannin derivatives that provide astringency to the drink. ... View a second image of Catechin Hydrate. Green tea contains an abundance of phytochemicals, such as catechins, which are tannin ... The amount of catechins in green tea varies depending on the time of the year, with larger amounts being found in crops grown ... Catechin Hydrate. Tea has a long history of use for medical purposes and modern research has helped scientifically establish ...

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/polarized/gallery/pages/catechinhydratesmall.html

EFSA has assessed the safety of green tea catechins from dietary sources, following concerns regarding their possible harmful ... Catechin contents differ. Food supplements containing green tea catechins provide a daily EGCG intake ranging from 5-1000 mg. ... Catechins in green tea extracts used in food supplements may be more concentrated, or have a different composition and pattern ... Experts therefore considered catechins from green tea infusions brewed with hot water, and instant and ready-to-drink green tea ...

https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/180418

... By Will Chu ... Titled Green Tea Catechins Reduce Invasive Potential of Human Melanoma Cells by Targeting COX-2, PGE2 Receptors and Epithelial ...

https://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Article/2019/01/15/Green-tea-catechin-study-retraction-becomes-the-12th-for-nutrition-researcher

Catechins have become a hot topic in todays health conscious world. Current research suggests that catechins aid health by:. * ... The six predominant catechins in tea leaves are catechin, gallocatechin gallate(GCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC ... Analysts determining catechin concentrations are challenged by the lack of commercially available catechin reference solutions ... Catechins, like other antioxidants, help protect cells from oxidative stress. Oxygen is vital to life; however, it is also ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/technical-documents/articles/reporter-us/reference-standards.html

... catechins explanation free. What is catechins? Meaning of catechins medical term. What does catechins mean? ... Looking for online definition of catechins in the Medical Dictionary? ... catechins. Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia. catechins (kaˑ·ti·kinz),. n.pl. flav-onoid phytochemical ... Catechins , definition of catechins by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/catechins ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/catechins

Potentiation of Catechin Gallate-Mediated Sensitization of Staphylococcus aureus to Oxacillin by Nongalloylated Catechins Paul ... Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Activity of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Catechins Cristina Paveto, María C. Güida, Mónica I. Esteva, ...

https://aac.asm.org/keyword/catechin

Catechin is a lightfast and washfast color that is used on wool, silk and cotton to obtain a dark brown color. It is used for ... Catechin is sometimes called by the ambiguous name of catechol, a term that is also used for pyrocatechol. ... Retrieved from "http://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Catechin&oldid=29704" ...

http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Catechin

Select 2018 high quality Green Tea Catechin products in best price from certified Chinese Chinese Tea manufacturers, Tea ... Caffeine Green Tea Extract Catechin 98% Green Tea Catechin Factory Wholesale Green Tea Catechin More ... Acacia Catechu Extract: 6: 1; 40% Catechins (catechin, epicatechin) CAS No. 7295-85-4 FOB Price: US $1 / kg Min. Order: 1 kg ... Catechins CAS No 7295-85-4 Green Tea Extract FOB Price: $1 - $100 / kg Min. Order: 1 kg ...

http://www.made-in-china.com/products-search/hot-china-products/Green_Tea_Catechin.html

... known as catechins. Catechins of green tea leaves account for about 10% of dry ht, including (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG ... Catechins in green tea show antiviral effect on influenza virus by Medindia Content Team on October 27, 2005 at 12:11 PM ... The catechins were evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza virus replication in cell culture and for potentially ... The results, along with the HA type-specific effect, suggest that the antiviral effect of catechins on influenza virus is ...

https://www.medindia.net/news/view_news_main.asp?x=5439

... catechins are becoming increasingly recognised. Amongst the proposed benefits are the maintenance of endothelial function and ... Green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins and vascular function Br J Nutr. 2009 Dec;102(12):1790-802. doi: 10.1017/ ... Since there is a substantial inconsistency in the published data with regards to the impact of green tea catechins on vascular ... Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, one of the most abundant and widely studied catechin found in green tea, will be prominent in the ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19751534/?dopt=Abstract

... Physiol Behav. 2010 Apr 26;100(1):42-6. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.02 ... An ethnic or genetic effect, and habitual caffeine or green tea catechin intake may act as confounders; this remains to be ... Green tea, by containing both tea catechins and caffeine, may act through inhibition of catechol O-methyl-transferase, and ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20156466/?dopt=Abstract

Tea leave, catechu, and much more possess catechin as one of the active constituents. Today, catechin has been observed for its ... Of these, catechin, also, has been explored for a number of pharmacological effects. The present review aims to document the ... Chemical properties of catechin and its structure-activity relationship about various biological activities have also been ... The review revealed protective effects of catechin on functions and integrity of liver, kidney, heart , and age-related memory ...

http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/55376

Taking that a step further, one of the most potent polyphenols in green tea is a catechin known as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, or EGCG. (mercola.com)
The catechin-enriched beverage used in this study contained 125.5 mg of EGCG per 350 ml serving of tea, compared with about 15 mg in a standard commercial tea beverage. (nutraingredients.com)
In contrast to FA that reacted extensively with multiple amino acids including lysine, a major anchor residue for epitope binding to MHC molecules, GT catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) crosslinked primarily with cysteine residues and thus preserved the major epitopes of the influenza hemagglutinin. (frontiersin.org)
such as EGCG ( epigallocatechin gallate ), which is commonly the most abundant catechin in tea. (wikidoc.org)
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a type of catechin and is the most abundant catechin in tea. (statemaster.com)
Catechins are substances naturally present in green tea, the most abundant of which is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). (europa.eu)
Food supplements containing green tea catechins provide a daily EGCG intake ranging from 5-1000 mg. (europa.eu)
The six predominant catechins in tea leaves are catechin, gallocatechin gallate(GCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), with EGCG being the most abundant. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Named 'TEAWELL 95', the extract has a 95% concentration of the catechin Epigallocatechinegallate (EGCG), among the highest purities available on the market today. (thefreedictionary.com)
Catechins of green tea leaves account for about 10% of dry ht, including (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and (-)-epicatechin (EC), where EGCG accounts for approximately 50% of the total amounts of catechins in green tea. (medindia.net)
Recently, a research group from the Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, South Korea, investigated the antiviral effects of various catechin compounds, EGCG, ECG and EGC, on influenza virus with a view to investigate the structure-activity relationships of the green tea polyphenolic compounds. (medindia.net)
In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of four tea catechins, including (−)-epicatechin (EC), (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECg) and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in vitro . (go.jp)
Tea contains polyphenols such as catechins or flavan-3-ols including epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), as well as the alkaloid, caffeine. (unboundmedicine.com)
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG), the major catechins derived from green tea, have multiple beneficial effects, but the effects of catechins on CXCL10 production from human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) is not known. (unboundmedicine.com)
EGCG catechin was obtained from ICN Biomedicals, Inc. (Aurora, OH). (aacrjournals.org)
A new study published in The Journal of Food Science , examined defatted rice bran which has the highest adsorption capacity for tea catechins and the best selectivity for EGCG over total catechins as a means to enrich tee catechins (Aug. 28, 2015). (naturalproductsinsider.com)
One mechanism through which catechins such as EGCG could have an effect is by inhibiting monocarboxylate transporters such as MCT-1, which bring lactate, a criticial compound in tumor metabolism, into tumor cells. (osu.edu)
It is made up of chemicals called catechins, of which epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant. (herbal-supplements-guide.com)
RSSL's Functional Ingredients Laboratory can analyse green tea for catechins, including epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) and epigallocatechin (EGC). (rssl.com)
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC) are major green tea catechins with antioxidant and anticancer activities. (aspetjournals.org)
The most common catechin was non-gallate catechins such as EGC and EC, while EGCG was almost absent in each tea elution. (thefreedictionary.com)
In conjunction, the data from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest green tea catechins , in particularly EGCG, exert anti-obesity effects via several mechanisms including inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and proliferation, reduction of fat absorption and fat mass, tricylglycerides, free fatty acids and total cholesterol. (thefreedictionary.com)
For several reasons, tea catechins have poor bioavailability and the goal of the current study was to encapsulate EGCG in casein (milk protein) molecular aggregates, known as micelles, to maintain and enhance catechin bioavailability. (thefreedictionary.com)
Green tea contains four main catechins: epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epicatechin (EC). (naturecity.com)
The women were given either a placebo or a decaffeinated green tea supplement containing 1,315 mg of catechins consisting of 845 mg EGCG, 202 mg EG, 107 mg EGC, and 107 mg EC for 12 months. (naturecity.com)
However, the ER-mediated effects of the three predominant catechins (EGCG, ECG, and EGC) have not been extensively examined in vitro or in vivo . (oup.com)
The dietary agents sulforaphane and quercetin enriched e.g., in broccoli, and the main and best studied green tea catechin EGCG hold promise as anti-CSC agents in PDA. (ox.ac.uk)
Whereas each agent strongly inhibited colony formation, the catechins ECG and CG were more effective than EGCG. (ox.ac.uk)
How can I tell if my green tea has polyphenols, antioxidants, EGCg, flavonoids or catechins? (maunakeatea.com)

As flavonoids, catechins can act as antioxidants when in high concentration in vitro, but compared with other flavonoids, their antioxidant potential is low. (wikipedia.org)
Catechins are polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolites , specifically flavonoids called flavan-3-ols. (wikidoc.org)
The synergy of flavonoids catechin, quercetin or epigallocatechin gallate with fluconazole demonstrated antifungal activity against fluconazole resistant C. tropicalis in vitro. (greenmedinfo.com)
Three combinations formed by the flavonoids (+)-catechin hydrated, hydrated quercetin, and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate at a fixed concentration with fluconazole were tested. (greenmedinfo.com)
Phenolic compounds extracted from pine bark include Gallic acid, ferulic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids, monomers such as catechin, epicatechin and taxifolin, and condensed flavonoids such as procyanidins [ 9 ]. (omicsonline.org)
However, flavonoids have antithyroid/goitrogenic effect, although less information is available about the effect of pure catechin on thyroid physiology. (springer.com)
The present study reinforces the concept that catechin, tea flavonoids possess potent antithyroid activity as evidenced from in vivo and in vitro studies. (springer.com)
These data provide a novel mechanism through which the green tea flavonoids, catechins, can provide direct benefits in periodontal disease. (unboundmedicine.com)
Quercetin and fisetin, known as catechol-containing flavonoids, could positively affect the absorption of catechins due to their strong affinity for catechol- O -methyl transferase (COMT), which can methylate and cause the excretion of catechins. (rsc.org)
Catechin (1) and epicatechin (2) belong to flavonoids. (thefreedictionary.com)
Catechins belong to the group of flavonoids . (tastycraze.com)
Common flavonoids include quercetin, catechins, hesperidin and cyanidin. (healthline.com)

Epigallocatechin and gallocatechin contain an additional phenolic hydroxyl group when compared to epicatechin and catechin, respectively, similar to the difference in pyrogallol compared to pyrocatechol . (wikidoc.org)
Synergistic effect of the flavonoid catechin, quercetin, or epigallocatechin gallate with fluconazole induces apoptosis in Candida tropicalis resistant to fluconazole. (greenmedinfo.com)
The other catechins are epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) and epicatechin (EC). (thefreedictionary.com)
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, one of the most abundant and widely studied catechin found in green tea, will be prominent in the present review. (nih.gov)
The main phenolic compounds found in pine bark are catechin/epicatechin, epigallocatechin and epicatechin gallate [ 1 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Physiological concentrations (0.01-1 μ m ) of epigallocatechin-3 gallate, catechin-3 gallate, and, to a lesser extent, epicatechin-3 gallate induce a rapid and potent inhibition of VEGF-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR-2. (aacrjournals.org)
In the present study, three monomers of (+)-catechin (C), (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECg) and (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC) were isolated from the hawthorn under the guide of antibacterial sensitization activity. (mdpi.com)
In the present study, alpha-tocopherol and several major catechins of green tea (catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate) were tested for their ability to inhibit tube formation in vitro using a model in which human microvascular endothelial cells were exposed to a constant rate of a physiologically low level of H2O2. (dr-rath-foundation.org)
Among the green tea catechins, epigallocatechin (0.5-1 microM) was the most effective in reducing IL-8 production and inhibiting angiogenesis. (dr-rath-foundation.org)
Tea catechins, (+)catechin (CA), (-)epicatechin (EC) and (-)epigallocatechin gallate, are polyhydroxy-fravan derivatives from tea leaves and have been proposed to possess active oxygen scavenging effect. (aspetjournals.org)
Another gallated catechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate, was also found as a potent inhibitor of FAS and its inhibition characteristics are similar to (-)-epigallocatechin gallate. (elsevier.com)

Zhou, H. The Combination of Catechin and Epicatechin Gallate from Fructus Crataegi Potentiates β-Lactam Antibiotics Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Vitro and in Vivo . (mdpi.com)
A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3S)-hydroxy group of (+)-catechin. (zfin.org)
Furthermore, the analogues of galloyl moiety without the catechin skeleton such as propyl gallate also showed obvious slow-binding inhibition, whereas the green tea ungallated catechin not. (elsevier.com)
Atomic orbital energy analyses suggest that the positive charge is more distinctly distributed on the carbon atom of ester bond of galloyl moiety of gallate catechins, and that gallated forms are more susceptible for a nucleophilic attack than other catechins. (elsevier.com)

Catechin /ˈkætɪtʃɪn/ is a flavan-3-ol, a type of natural phenol and antioxidant. (wikipedia.org)
Antioxidant Effects of Quercetin and Catechin Encapsulated into PLGA Nanoparticles," Journal of Nanomaterials , vol. 2012, Article ID 145380, 12 pages, 2012. (hindawi.com)
There have been evidences showing that tea and tea catechins reduced the risk of CVD by enhancing antioxidant activity, attenuating metabolic syndrome, inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme, improving endothelial dys-function, preventing cardiac hypertrophy and protecting mitochondria from damage. (scirp.org)
The greater the astringency of the tea, the more likely it is to be advantageous to one s health because mounting evidence suggests that catechins fight cancer and exhibit both antiviral and antioxidant characteristics. (fsu.edu)
The antioxidant effect of green tea catechin ameliorates experimental liver injury. (thefreedictionary.com)
The purpose of this study was to develop an oral delivery system for the controlled release of catechin and evaluate the antioxidant potential and stability of catechin loaded PLA/PEG nanoparticles (CATNP). (hindawi.com)
N. Caturla, E. Vera-Samper, J. Villalain, C. R. Mateo and V. Micol, "The Relationship between the Antioxidant and the Antibacterial Properties of Galloylated Catechins and the Structure of Phospholipid Model Membranes," Free Radical Biology & Medicine, Vol. 34, No. 6, 2003, pp. 648-662. (scirp.org)
Catechin is an antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. (hmdb.ca)
In the current study, 19 commonly available GTDS were evaluated for catechin and caffeine content (using high-performance liquid chromatography) and for antioxidative activity [using trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assays]. (unboundmedicine.com)
My Catechins formula features only highly beneficial ingredients - unlike supplements with only one type of antioxidant. (mercola.com)
With my Catechins formula, you get the antioxidant benefits of one cup of good quality green tea. (mercola.com)
Attempts have been made in the present experiment to diminish oxidative damage, combined therapy with (+)-catechin hydrate (an antioxidant) and sodium meta borate (chelator) were used. (fluoridealert.org)
Catechins are the compounds that give green tea it's 'strong antioxidant activity' and are believed to have preventative effects on arteriosclerosis, liver damage and carcinogenesis. (rssl.com)
We assessed the effects of guaraná ( Paullinia cupana ) consumption on plasma catechins, erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and biomarkers of oxidative stress ( ex vivo LDL oxidation, plasma total antioxidant status and ORAC, and lymphocyte single cell gel electrophoresis) in healthy overweight subjects. (rsc.org)
In conclusion, guaraná catechins are bioavailable and contribute to reduce the oxidative stress of clinically healthy individuals, by direct antioxidant action of the absorbed phytochemicals and up-regulation of antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes. (rsc.org)
Under experimental conditions, the ingestion of catechins exhibit antioxidant, antiviral and anti-plaque-forming activities, while epidemiological evidence suggests green tea catechins are associated with decreased risk of certain cancers and important anti-cancer properties. (dynamicchiropractic.ca)
Catechins have been shown to decrease lipid oxidation in the body via antioxidant properties. (dynamicchiropractic.ca)
Tea polyphenols especially catechins have long been studied for their antioxidant and radical scavenging properties. (koreascience.or.kr)
Procyanidins , which are oligomers of catechin and epicatechin, have antioxidant property in vitro, and some human studies pointed out their anti-inflammatory activity. (extrasynthese.com)
In this study, we examined the effects of catechin, which have been shown to have antioxidant properties on the renal calcium crystallization. (biomedcentral.com)

Catechin and (-)-epicatechin as well as their gallic acid conjugates are ubiquitous constituents of vascular plants, and frequent components of traditional herbal remedies, such as Uncaria rhynchophylla. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, gallic acid (GA), a structural constituent of these catechins, induces apoptosis in tumor cell lines. (go.jp)
In samples to which sugars were added, the highest anthocyanin content samples contained catechin , quercetin and gallic acid. (thefreedictionary.com)

Intake of tea or catechins isolated from tea was shown to inhibit the development of CVD in population studies and in animal models. (scirp.org)
2), green tea catechins may inhibit collagenases or matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). (thefreedictionary.com)
The catechins were evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza virus replication in cell culture and for potentially direct virucidal effect. (medindia.net)
The galloylated catechins might more potently inhibit ACE activity in an allosteric manner through the interaction of the galloyl moiety with the non-catalytic site of ACE. (go.jp)
Studies have shown catechins from the green tea plant, Camellia sinensis, are able to detoxify toxic chemicals, inhibit cancer cell activity and stimulate production of immune-strengthening enzymes. (science20.com)
Catechins also inhibit fat accumulation in the liver and body fat, and stimulate thermogenesis (increased fat-burning and calorie burning at rest). (dynamicchiropractic.ca)
Recent investigations have demonstrated that polyphenolic catechins inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. (oup.com)

The current study examined the effect of quercetin and fisetin on the absorption of epi -catechins (ECs) by using a Caco-2 cell line and an in vivo model. (rsc.org)
The intestinal transport of total catechins by Caco-2 cells was enhanced from 1.3- to 1.6-fold and 1.4- to 1.7-fold by adding quercetin and fisetin, respectively, compared to the control. (rsc.org)
Scope: This study evaluated the capacity of dietary catechin (C), quercetin (Q), and the combination of both (CQ), to attenuate adipose inflammation triggered by high fructose (HFr) consumption in rats and by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (elsevier.com)
Sulforaphane, quercetin and catechins complement each other in elimination of advanced pancreatic cancer by miR-let-7 induction and K-ras inhibition. (ox.ac.uk)
A mixture of green tea catechins (GTCs) significantly inhibited viability, migration, expression of MMP-2 and -9, ALDH1 activity, colony and spheroid formation and induced apoptosis, but the combination of GTCs with sulforaphane or quercetin was superior. (ox.ac.uk)

Catechins, like other antioxidants, help protect cells from oxidative stress. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Considered potent antioxidants, catechins are being studied for their potential to prevent heart disease and cancer. (thefreedictionary.com)
The study compared the effect of various beverage additives on catechins, naturally occurring antioxidants found in tea. (science20.com)
My Catechins formula includes black currant and blueberry extracts high in powerful antioxidants, anthocyanins. (mercola.com)
Since catechins are water-soluble antioxidants, it's wasteful to take a larger dose since anything beyond what your body needs will be flushed out of your system. (mercola.com)
Catechins are powerful antioxidants found in green tea. (naturecity.com)
No doubt, catechins are among the most potent antioxidants , having a plethora of health benefits, while consumption of foods and drinks with catechins works true miracles . (tastycraze.com)

To elucidate the structure-activity relationship of the inhibitory effects of tea polyphenols, we investigated the inhibition kinetics of the major catechins and analogues. (elsevier.com)

Trouble is, tea catechins are unstable and their bioavailability may be reduced when going through the digestive tract. (naturalproductsinsider.com)
Chung et al from Sejong University have reported that the bioavailability of catechins in humans can be enhanced with vitamin C and xylitol. (rssl.com)
These results 'provide a potential strategy to enhance the delivery and bioavailability of catechins in humans. (rssl.com)
To understand the bioavailability of tea catechins in humans, we gave 18 individuals different amounts of green tea and measured the time-dependent plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of tea catechins. (aacrjournals.org)
However these potential effects have been strongly limited by green tea catechins low bioavailability, which hinders the development of therapeutic applications. (eurekaselect.com)
C. F. Rodrigues, K. Ascenção, F. A.M. Silva, B. Sarmento, M. B.P.P. Oliveira and J. C. Andrade, "Drug-Delivery Systems of Green Tea Catechins for Improved Stability and Bioavailability", Current Medicinal Chemistry (2013) 20: 4744. (eurekaselect.com)

The name of the catechin chemical family derives from catechu, which is the tannic juice or boiled extract of Mimosa catechu (Acacia catechu L.f). (wikipedia.org)
The highly-efficient extraction of non-polymer catechins makes it possible to obtain a tea extract, which has an improved taste and does not produce sediment when added to beverages. (freepatentsonline.com)
Catechin was first isolated from the plant extract catechu , from which it derives its name. (wikidoc.org)
Antimicrobial activity is one of the well-known biological characteristics of catechins, the main extract of green tea leaves. (scirp.org)
Ready-to-drink green tea products should optimally contain 100-200 mg of catechins, but oftentimes do not have sufficient levels of tea extract since some people do not like green tea's flavor, Ferruzzi said. (science20.com)
My catechins formula contains 50 mg of phycocyanin-rich spirulina extract - giving it its distinctive blue color. (mercola.com)
A total of 400 mg of pretreated rice bran was added to 100 mL of a tea extract solution at 0.75 g/L. The researchers discovered that rice bran as a bioadsorbent has a high selective adsorbility for tea catechins. (naturalproductsinsider.com)
This randomized phase I trial studies the side effects and best dose of defined green tea catechin extract in treating women with hormone receptor-negative stage I-III breast cancer. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Patients receive defined green tea catechin extract PO BID for 6 months in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. (clinicaltrials.gov)
It contains catechins that are found in green tea extract, which leaves the skin cleaner and firmer. (seoul2u.id)

Leaves of Camellia sinensis contain at least eight polyphenol catechins. (sigmaaldrich.com)
It has recently been reported that the extracts of green tea polyphenol have cancer preventive effects.Catechins-mediated apoptotic effect was also observed in primary APL cells without affecting normal hematopoietic progenitor cells.Catechins might be a potential candidate for APL treatment by activating intrinsic apoptotic pathway and targeting PML-RARα oncoprotein. (nih.gov)

The major active ingredients of green tea are polyphenolic compounds, known as catechins. (medindia.net)
belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catechins. (hmdb.ca)
The chemical components found in green tea consist mainly of polyphenols (flavanols), commonly known as catechins. (aacrjournals.org)
Catechin, also known as cyanidanol or (2R,3S)-catechin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catechins. (foodb.ca)

Catechin glucoside may refer to: Catechin-3-O-glucoside Catechin-3'-O-glucoside Catechin-4'-O-glucoside Catechin-5-O-glucoside Catechin-7-O-glucoside This set index page lists chemical compounds articles associated with the same name. (wikipedia.org)
Heating catechin past its point of decomposition releases pyrocatechol, which explains the common origin of the names of these compounds. (wikidoc.org)
1991) and research on tea compounds considered either crude tea extracts or gallo-catechins (Mukhtar et al. (springer.com)
The catechins are a group of polyphenolic compounds exhibiting strong anti-oxidant, as well as, remarkable antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties. (sigmaaldrich.com)
One option is to prepare reference standards in-house from the individual catechin compounds. (sigmaaldrich.com)
High-purity catechin compounds are often difficult to find and are very expensive. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In studies by Pan, up to twenty-six phenolic compounds have been found in the bark of Pinus sylvestris from Sweden, with catechins and procyanidins being the most abundant [ 8 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Phenolic compounds such as catechin have applications in the prevention of food oxidation, astringency, reactions with metals and proteins, and the synthesis of derivatives for pharmaceutical applications, as well as antibacterial activity and different medicinal benefits (cholesterol-lowering and antiallergic effects, etc. (omicsonline.org)
However, the lack of reports regarding to ent-catechin as well as ent-epicatechin does not necessarily mean that these compounds have not been produced. (nih.gov)
Catechins are compounds containing a catechin moiety, which is a 3,4-dihydro-2-chromene-3,5.7-tiol. (hmdb.ca)
Recent NMR studies on procyanidin dimers and NOE results of the complexation of L-proline-glycine compounds with (+)-catechin and polyflavanoid dimers have given data to help guide computational studies. (usda.gov)
Some of these catechin glucuronides retained the activities of their parent compounds in radical scavenging and in inhibiting the release of arachidonic acid from HT-29 human colon cancer cells. (aspetjournals.org)
Our findings suggest that the combination of curcumin and catechins may produce a synergistic colon cancer-preventative effect that would be more potent than each of the compounds alone. (breakawaymatcha.com)
Extensive chromatographic separation of the n-BuOH soluble fraction obtained from the stem and root barks of U. davidiana resulted in five hitherto unknown compounds together with a known one (-)-catechin 1. (yu.ac.kr)

The amount of catechins in green tea varies depending on the time of the year, with larger amounts being found in crops grown later in the season. (fsu.edu)
Interestingly, the amount of catechins in instant iced tea is negligible. (thefreedictionary.com)
She found that the amount of catechins measured both in freshly brewed and bottled teas differed. (thefreedictionary.com)
Results suggest that complementing green tea with either citrus juices or vitamin C likely increases the amount of catechins available for the body to absorb. (science20.com)
Catechins can be unstable in the intestines, so in other products, the full amount of catechins may not remain after digestion. (mercola.com)

Ascorbic acid, or vitamin C, used to increase shelf life in ready-to-drink products, increased recovered levels of the two most abundant catechins by sixfold and 13-fold, respectively. (science20.com)
Catechins are a family of flavanols, the most abundant of which are (+)-catechin and epicatechin. (healthline.com)

Green tea catechins reduced oxidative stress (oxidation) for up to 20 hours with the strongest effects lasting up to 12 hours. (thefreedictionary.com)
The oxidative alterations of LDL were shown to be prevented by tea catechins. (prohealth.com)
In animal models of brain hemorrhage, catechin increasers activity of Nrf2 and phase II detoxifying enzymes, inhibiting oxidative stress, neurological deficits, and lesion formation. (lktlabs.com)
Green tea catechin polyphenols attenuate behavioral and oxidative responses to intermittent hypoxia. (semanticscholar.org)

The health benefits of green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins are becoming increasingly recognised. (nih.gov)

Analysts determining catechin concentrations are challenged by the lack of commercially available catechin reference solutions. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Further studies in animal and cell models using physiological concentrations of catechins and their metabolites are warranted in order to gain some insight into the physiology and molecular basis of the observed beneficial effects. (nih.gov)
In in vitro study, short-term exposure of rat thyroid tissue to catechin at the concentrations of 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 mg/ml leads to decrease in the activities of thyroid peroxidase and 5′-deiodinase I, while the activity of thyroidal Na + , K + -ATPase remains unaltered even at high concentration of catechin treatment. (springer.com)
Mixtures of these catechins were tested with vitamin C only, with xylitol only, and with both, and all in varying concentrations. (rssl.com)
In vitro, APL cell lines NB4, retinoic acid-resistant NB4-R1 and NB4-R2 were treated with different concentrations of Catechins. (nih.gov)

In vivo anti-tumor activity of Catechins was examined in nude mice xenografted with NB4 cells and in situ cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxytransferase-catalyzed DNA nick-end labeling assay. (nih.gov)
In the murine xenograft model, Catechins remarkably inhibited tumor growth and induced in situ leukemic cell apoptosis. (nih.gov)
However, the inhibitory mechanism of green tea catechins and vitamin E in angiogenesis, an important process in tumor growth, has not been well established. (dr-rath-foundation.org)
These results suggest that consumption of green tea catechins or supplemental intake of vitamin E may have preventive effects on tumor development, mediated, at least in part, through inhibition of angiogenesis via suppression of IL-8 production. (dr-rath-foundation.org)
Catechin inhibits intestinal tumor formation and suppresses focal adhesion kinase activation in the min/+ mouse. (lktlabs.com)

The mounting evidence for the influential effect of green tea catechins on vascular function from epidemiological, human intervention and animal studies is subject to review together with exploration of the potential mechanistic pathways involved. (nih.gov)
In conclusion, a positive effect of green tea catechins on vascular function is becoming apparent. (nih.gov)
investigated the effect of green tea catechins on body fat reduction, waist circumference and other end points. (dynamicchiropractic.ca)

Visceral fat levels decreased by 9.5 cm2 after twelve weeks of consuming the catechin-enriched beverage, compared with a control beverage with normal levels of green tea catechins, according to results of a study with 118 obese Chinese. (nutraingredients.com)

Green tea, by containing both tea catechins and caffeine, may act through inhibition of catechol O-methyl-transferase, and inhibition of phosphodiesterase. (nih.gov)
Enhanced inhibition action of free radicals and metal chelation potential was noted when catechin was encapsulated in these polymeric nanoparticles. (hindawi.com)
The inhibition of VEGFR-2 activity by the catechins displayed positive correlation with the suppression of in vitro angiogenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
The inhibition of the oxidation of low density lipoprotein by (+)-catechin, a naturally occurring flavonoid. (lktlabs.com)
The combination treatment displayed the most potent inhibitory effect, while there was no difference of inhibition between curcumin and catechins-treated groups. (breakawaymatcha.com)
Ungallated catechins from green tea do not show obvious inhibition compared with gallated catechins. (elsevier.com)

Stability of the nanoparticle in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids is maintained due to the PEG coating on the nanoparticles, which effectively protected catechin against gastrointestinal enzyme activity. (hindawi.com)
To see if juices and vitamin C actually increase catechin absorption, researchers will have to find out if increased levels of intestinal catechins translate to higher levels of absorbed catechins in live animals and humans. (science20.com)
A study published in the Journal of Food Science has investigated the effects of vitamin C and the sweetener xylitol on the intestinal transport of green tea catechins. (rssl.com)
New delivery systems are presented as valid alternatives to overcome the limitations such as green tea catechins poor stability or intestinal absorption. (eurekaselect.com)
Epi)catechin in the human intestinal tract is largely metabolized and distributed as conjugated derivatives. (foodcomex.org)

Prevention of cancer by the flavonoid hesperidin or by the flavanone (+)-catechin at early stages of carcinogenesis and availability of these agents particularly on the cellular level are little investigated. (springer.com)

The primary role of catechins is to strengthen the capillary walls and make vitamin C absorption easier at the same time. (tastycraze.com)

In this work, we present evidence that these antiangiogenic effects of green tea are correlated with potent inhibitory effects of a number of green tea catechins on VEGFR-2 activity. (aacrjournals.org)

Catechin and epicatechin are the building blocks of the proanthocyanidins, a type of condensed tannin. (wikipedia.org)
Green tea contains an abundance of phytochemicals, such as catechins, which are tannin derivatives that provide astringency to the drink. (fsu.edu)

This study investigated interactions of six type catechins monomers with human pancreatic α-amylase and the structural requirements for inhibitory activity. (gc.ca)
Green tea contains low-molecular-weight polyphenols consisting mainly of flavanol (flavan-3-ol) monomers, which are referred to as catechins. (dynamicchiropractic.ca)

Catechin has preventive effects on renal calcium crystallization both in vivo and in vitro, and provide a potential therapeutic treatment for this disease. (biomedcentral.com)

Tea leave, catechu, and much more possess catechin as one of the active constituents. (niscair.res.in)

Extensive investigations on catechin and its derivatives have shown that they possess many beneficial properties including radical scavenging, metal chelation, and anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory activity. (hindawi.com)

Catechins in green tea extracts used in food supplements may be more concentrated, or have a different composition and pattern of consumption compared to catechins from green tea infusions. (europa.eu)
Green tea catechin consumption enhances exercise-induced abdominal fat loss in overweight and obese adults. (thefreedictionary.com)
This could make catechin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. (foodb.ca)
Research shows that the regular consumption of great tea with a high content of catechins for a period of 3 months leads to significant weight loss, a slimmer waistline and less internal fatty tissue, which is extremely dangerous. (tastycraze.com)

In this paper, various experimental and clinical studies have revealed the role of catechins in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders, and we review the preventive effects of catechins on cardiovascular disease from the following aspects: Regulating lipid metabolism, regulating blood lipid metabolism, vascular endothelial protection, and reducing blood pressure. (physiciansweekly.com)

The objective of this review is to examine the evidence of the effectiveness and pharmacological effects of catechin. (niscair.res.in)
The review revealed protective effects of catechin on functions and integrity of liver, kidney, heart , and age-related memory impairment. (niscair.res.in)
The present review highlights the current information and the health-promoting effects of catechin. (niscair.res.in)
In the vitro experiment, the changes of the mitochondrial membrane potential, expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase 3 were measured to show the effects of catechin treatment on the NRK-52E cells induced by calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). (biomedcentral.com)

The main dietary sources of catechins in Europe and the United States are tea and pome fruits. (wikipedia.org)

As has become clear, the greatest amounts of catechins are found in green tea. (tastycraze.com)

The present review aims to document the therapeutic potential of catechin. (niscair.res.in)

Cell killing was accompanied by a depletion in both the ATP and potassium pools of the cells, but the DNA double strand was not broken, indicating that the bactericidal activity of catechins in the presence of Cu(II) results from damage to the cytoplasmic membrane. (nih.gov)
We conclude that the O side chain and core oligosaccharide play an important role in protecting Gram-negative bacteria against the antimicrobial activity of catechins. (scirp.org)
The results showed that biological activity of catechins against α-amylase, which supported catechins monomer is a promising ingredient as a development strategy of health food for regulation of energy balance and reduction of related diseases risk. (gc.ca)

The Accucore™ C18 HPLC column enables faster separation of catechins than when using the Acclaim™ C18 column. (selectscience.net)

The total concentration of catechin in the enriched tea was 609 mg per serving, compared with only 86 in the standard (control) beverage. (nutraingredients.com)

The addition of 1 mM borate significantly recovered the reduced ACE activities by tea catechins, suggesting that hydroxyl groups at the B-ring or at a galloyl moiety play an important role in the ACE-inhibitory mechanism. (go.jp)
Catechins at micromolar concentration levels significantly inhibited APL cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis, in association with mitochondria damage, ROS production and caspase activation. (nih.gov)
In parallel to Δψm loss, western blot analysis showed that Catechins significantly induced activation of caspase-3, −8 and −9 in NB4 cells. (nih.gov)
The results showed that dietary curcumin, catechins and combination administration significantly inhibited the total number of ACF per rat. (breakawaymatcha.com)

Finding methods to improve uptake of these catechins may, therefore, be important in improving health, part of the study's goal, Ferruzzi said. (science20.com)
Catechins have been found in previous studies to be more stable in acidic conditions hence it has previously been shown that vitamin C and xylitol increase stability thus cellular uptake. (rssl.com)
Catechin decreases atherosclerotic lesion area, suppresses leukocyte adhesion, and inhibits LDL oxidation and uptake in animal models of atherosclerosis. (lktlabs.com)

In this study, we show that natural catechins from green tea extracts (GT) can be used as an inactivating agent to prepare inactivated viral vaccines. (frontiersin.org)
When catechins are found in plant extracts, they are almost always identified as catechin and/or epicatechin probably due to stereoselectivity of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of these substances. (nih.gov)
This article describes a simple and reliable analytical HPLC-PAD-CD method for simultaneous determination of catechin diastereomers both in infusions and extracts from the leaves of Byrsonima species. (nih.gov)

EFSA has assessed the safety of green tea catechins from dietary sources, following concerns regarding their possible harmful effects on the liver. (europa.eu)
The chemopreventive effects of curcumin and green tea catechins individually and in combination on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis were studied in male Wister rats following 32 weeks of dietary treatment. (breakawaymatcha.com)
The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the extent to which ascorbate or catechin alone at levels which could be in blood after dietary supplementation, can protect myocardial tissue in the reperfusion phase of I/R injury, and 2) evaluate the possible cooperative or synergistic protective effect of ascorbate and catechin when given together. (usask.ca)

In addition, the adsorption of total catechins on defatted rice bran was enhanced at high temperatures. (naturalproductsinsider.com)
They also found that protein was the major component contributing to the adsorption of total catechins on defatted rice bran, with the assistance of cellulose. (naturalproductsinsider.com)

Açaí oil, obtained from the fruit of the açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea), contains (+)-catechins (67 mg/kg). (wikipedia.org)

Tea is rich in polyphenolic catechins which are beneficial to health. (scirp.org)

Catechins, the primary class of health related polyphenols found in tea, and have been associated with decreased rates of gastric cancer among certain populations. (osu.edu)

In-vitro and in-vivo experiments on catechins especially epigallocatechingallate have revealed a significant role in many ways. (koreascience.or.kr)

The biosynthesis of catechin begins with ma 4-hydroxycinnamoyl CoA starter unit which undergoes chain extension by the addition of three malonyl-CoAs through a PKSIII pathway. (wikipedia.org)
The biosynthesis of catechin is shown below Leucocyanidin reductase (LCR) uses 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin to produce (+)-catechin and is the first enzyme in the proanthocyanidins (PA)-specific pathway. (wikipedia.org)

4 The authors suggested that one of the effects of catechins is due to the inhibitory activity of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which is a catecholamine-degrading enzyme. (dynamicchiropractic.ca)

Catechins and epicatechins are found in cocoa, which, according to one database, has the highest content (108 mg/100 g) of catechins among foods analyzed, followed by prune juice (25 mg/100 ml) and broad bean pod (16 mg/100 g). (wikipedia.org)
Catechins are found in barley grain where they are the main phenolic compound responsible for dough discoloration. (wikipedia.org)
Catechin and epicatechin are epimers , with (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin being the most common optical isomers found in nature. (wikidoc.org)
Citrus juice increased recovered catechin levels by more than five times, the study found. (science20.com)
Lemon juice caused 80 percent of tea's catechins to remain, the study found. (science20.com)
The catechins found in green tea have been shown to promote weight loss and reduction of body fat in human subjects, independent of any effects of caffeine. (dynamicchiropractic.ca)
Lipid metabolism studies in animals, tissues and cells have found that catechins reduce blood levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol. (dynamicchiropractic.ca)
The health benefits associated with green tea are usually attributed to the high level of powerful disease-fighting catechins found in green tea. (naturecity.com)
Catechin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as blackcurrants, cocoa powders, and chocolates and in a lower concentration in dills, custard apples, and broad beans. (foodb.ca)
Catechins are found in many fruits and beverages. (healthline.com)

The ability to quench singlet oxygen seems to be in relation with the chemical structure of catechin, with the presence of the catechol moiety on ring B and the presence of a hydroxyl group activating the double bond on ring C. Electrochemical experiments show that (+)-catechin oxidation mechanism proceeds in sequential steps, related with the catechol and resorcinol groups and the oxidation is pH-dependent. (wikipedia.org)
Here we identify the galloyl moiety of green tea catechins as critical in the inactivation of the ketoacyl reductase activity of FAS for the first time. (elsevier.com)

Preventive Effects of Catechins on Cardiovascular Disease. (physiciansweekly.com)

Catechins are powerful antibacterial and antiviral agents, making them effective against numerous diseases. (tastycraze.com)

Mixtures of the different enantiomers can be called (+/-)-catechin or DL-catechin and (+/-)-epicatechin or DL-epicatechin. (wikipedia.org)
The permeability of the cells against the catechin mixtures was measured using HPLC analysis. (rssl.com)

Catechins are polyphenolic phytochemicals with many important physiological activities that play a multifaceted health care function in the human body, especially in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. (physiciansweekly.com)
Histamine and acute haemorrhagic lesions in rat gastric mucosa: prevention of stress ulcer formation by (+)-catechin, an inhibitor of specific histidine decarboxylase in vitro. (lktlabs.com)

They also will need to better document effects upon catechin metabolism in order to prove, for instance, that increased levels of absorbed catechins are not leveled off by metabolic factors, Ferruzzi said. (science20.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms10

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs29

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes1

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science6

Named Groups1

Geographicals1

ESR study on the structure-antioxidant activity relationship of tea catechins and their epimers. (1/1387)

Procyanidin oligomers selectively and intensively promote proliferation of mouse hair epithelial cells in vitro and activate hair follicle growth in vivo. (2/1387)

Inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-induced mutagenesis by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in the lung of rpsL transgenic mice. (3/1387)

Methylation of tea catechins by rat liver homogenates. (4/1387)

Epigallocathechin-3 gallate selectively inhibits the PDGF-BB-induced intracellular signaling transduction pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibits transformation of sis-transfected NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and human glioblastoma cells (A172). (5/1387)

Involvement of endothelium/nitric oxide in vasorelaxation induced by purified green tea (-)epicatechin. (6/1387)

Suppression of extracellular signals and cell proliferation by the black tea polyphenol, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate. (7/1387)

Apoptosis-inducing activity of polyphenol compounds derived from tea catechins in human histiolytic lymphoma U937 cells. (8/1387)

Catechin

Tea

Camellia sinensis

Biflavonoids

Polyphenols

Flavonoids

Gallic Acid

Proanthocyanidins

Plant Extracts

Phenols

Antioxidants

Camellia

Picrates

Centaurea

Rutin

Tannins

Wine

Flavonols

Cacao

Quercetin

Anthocyanins

Protocatechuate-3,4-Dioxygenase

Free Radical Scavengers

Transition Elements

Paullinia

Anti-Obesity Agents

Cistus

Combretum

Bambusa

Hydroxybenzoates

Heart

Propiolactone

Viral Vaccines

Vaccines

Influenza A virus

Vaccines, Inactivated

Boston

Radiation-Protective Agents

Indians, Central American

Metabolic Syndrome X

PubMed

Periodicals as Topic

Books

Escherichia coli Proteins

Publishing

MEDLINE

Serial Publications

Cercaria

Astringents

Microscopy

Phytochemicals

ESR study on the structure-antioxidant activity relationship of tea catechins and their epimers. (1/1387)

Procyanidin oligomers selectively and intensively promote proliferation of mouse hair epithelial cells in vitro and activate hair follicle growth in vivo. (2/1387)

Inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-induced mutagenesis by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in the lung of rpsL transgenic mice. (3/1387)

Methylation of tea catechins by rat liver homogenates. (4/1387)

Epigallocathechin-3 gallate selectively inhibits the PDGF-BB-induced intracellular signaling transduction pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibits transformation of sis-transfected NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and human glioblastoma cells (A172). (5/1387)

Involvement of endothelium/nitric oxide in vasorelaxation induced by purified green tea (-)epicatechin. (6/1387)

Suppression of extracellular signals and cell proliferation by the black tea polyphenol, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate. (7/1387)

Apoptosis-inducing activity of polyphenol compounds derived from tea catechins in human histiolytic lymphoma U937 cells. (8/1387)

Vascular and metabolic actions of the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate - DRO

The galloyl moiety of green tea catechins is the critical structural feature to inhibit fatty-acid synthase<...

Cell cycle dysregulation by green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate. | The Dr. Rath Health Foundation

Enhancing the bioavailability of green tea catechins with vitamin C and xylitol

Green tea catechins and vitamin E inhibit angiogenesis of human microvascular endothelial cell | The Dr. Rath Health Foundation

The Green Tea Catechin Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Blocks Cell Motility, Chemotaxis and Development in Dictyostelium...

Novel Mechanisms of Anticancer Activities of Green Tea Component Epigallocatechin- 3-Gallate | Bentham Science

Green Tea Catechin

Structure elucidation of catechins for modulation of starch digestion. - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)

Green tea polyphenol EGCG suppresses lung cancer cell growth through upregulating miR-210 expression caused by stabilizing HIF...

Black and Green Tea

Simultaneous Determination of Catechins and Caffeine in Green Tea-Based Beverages and Foods for Specified Health Uses

A highly sensitive method for quantifying gallocatechin gallate and its epimer using a catechin-specific peptide<...

Green Tea Catechins - Scientific Review on Usage, Dosage, Side Effects | Examine.com

Effects of green tea polyphenol on preservation of human saphenous vein<...

Effects of Green Tea Polyphenol and Vitamin C on Type 2 Diabetic Rats Induced by Low Dose Streptozotocin Following High Fat...

Epigallocatechin Gallate(EGCG) (CAS 989-51-5) Market Research Report 2017

Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) in Healthy, Young Adults - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov

Dietary Polyphenols and Obesity | Glucose Health

Clinical result of IL-2 plus Melatonin and Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) in the treatment of patients with not previously...

Epicatechin-3-gallate, a Green Tea Polyphenol Is a Potent Agent Against UVB-induced Damage in HaCaT Keratinocytes - pdf...

$EPO - T 0298/06 (Teafractions/INDENA) of 18.3.2008$ EPO - T 0298/06 (Teafractions/INDENA) of 18.3.2008