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CatalysisBiocatalysisKineticsCatalytic DomainModels, MolecularSubstrate SpecificityBinding SitesCrystallography, X-RayMutagenesis, Site-DirectedMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceProtein ConformationEscherichia coliModels, ChemicalHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationRNA, CatalyticHydrolysisHistidineMolecular StructureProtein Structure, TertiaryProtein BindingStructure-Activity RelationshipRecombinant ProteinsAntibodies, CatalyticOxidation-ReductionStereoisomerismSequence Homology, Amino AcidHydrogen BondingBase SequenceMutationAmino Acid SubstitutionEnzyme StabilityEnzymesAspartic AcidMetalsProtein Structure, SecondaryThermodynamicsMagnesiumSequence AlignmentCysteineProtonsMolecular ConformationBacterial ProteinsConserved SequenceCloning, MolecularOxidoreductasesAdenosine TriphosphateSpectrophotometryLysineProton-Translocating ATPasesNucleic Acid ConformationManganeseNADPFlavinsTemperatureArginineAlkenesProtein Structure, QuaternaryCyclizationDimerizationFlavin-Adenine DinucleotideDiethyl PyrocarbonateCrystallizationIminesNADAsparaginePhosphatesCircular DichroismChemistry, OrganicLewis AcidsElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyHemePalladiumMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyZincEscherichia coli ProteinsOxygenQuantum TheoryCobamidesEnzyme ActivationSpectrophotometry, UltravioletProtein FoldingAlanineHydrogenWaterIsomerismElectronsCations, DivalentSulfhydryl CompoundsChorismate MutaseStatic ElectricityDNA PrimersAldehydesOxygenasesAlkadienesLigandsCoenzymesKetonesPhosphinesHydrolasesTryptophanAldehyde-LyasesAmino Acid MotifsGeobacillus stearothermophilusGlutamic AcidThiamine PyrophosphateSolventsMixed Function OxygenasesMutagenesisMultienzyme ComplexesPyridoxal PhosphateSpectrometry, FluorescenceOrganic Chemistry PhenomenaEstersSaccharomyces cerevisiaeFlavin MononucleotideChromatography, High Pressure LiquidTyrosineApoenzymesAcylationElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelProtein SubunitsGlutamineIronAllosteric RegulationPoint MutationSerineDNASteroid IsomerasesCrystallographyDisulfidesLyasesAlcohol OxidoreductasesHydro-LyasesMutant ProteinsDeuteriumNucleotidesEnzyme InhibitorsAdenosine MonophosphateMolecular Dynamics SimulationHydroxylationAmino AcidsOrganophosphorus CompoundsIsomerasesCattleHalogenationThermotoga maritimaAminationIonsAdenosine DiphosphateIsoenzymesMacromolecular SubstancesPeroxidasesNuclear Magnetic Resonance, BiomolecularCobaltElectron TransportCoenzyme APhosphoric Triester HydrolasesNucleotidyltransferasesChorismic AcidFree RadicalsAmino Acid IsomerasesAmidohydrolasesProtein EngineeringGlycineHydroxylaminePlasmidsEndoribonucleasesRibonuclease PMetalloproteinsMethyltransferasesCarbonic Anhydrase IISulfurtransferasesTitrimetryS-AdenosylmethionineDithioniteModels, BiologicalStructural Homology, ProteinNonheme Iron ProteinsDNA, CatalyticEnzyme ReactivatorsTransition ElementsRibulose-Bisphosphate CarboxylasePhosphoribosyl PyrophosphateClostridium sticklandiiTransketolaseSpectrum AnalysisAlkynesPyrophosphatasesOxygen IsotopesEpoxy CompoundsCarbon-Nitrogen LigasesHydrogenationCarbon-Carbon LyasesFerrous CompoundsChromatography, GelAlkyl and Aryl TransferasesNitrophenols4-Hydroxybenzoate-3-MonooxygenaseCopperDecarboxylation
Catalysis: The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.Biocatalysis: The facilitation of biochemical reactions with the aid of naturally occurring catalysts such as ENZYMES.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Catalytic Domain: The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.Models, Molecular: Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.Substrate Specificity: A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.Binding Sites: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.Crystallography, X-Ray: The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Mutagenesis, Site-Directed: Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Protein Conformation: The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Models, Chemical: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Hydrogen-Ion Concentration: The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)RNA, Catalytic: RNA that has catalytic activity. The catalytic RNA sequence folds to form a complex surface that can function as an enzyme in reactions with itself and other molecules. It may function even in the absence of protein. There are numerous examples of RNA species that are acted upon by catalytic RNA, however the scope of this enzyme class is not limited to a particular type of substrate.Hydrolysis: The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.Molecular Structure: The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.Protein Structure, Tertiary: The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.Protein Binding: The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.Structure-Activity Relationship: The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Antibodies, Catalytic: Antibodies that can catalyze a wide variety of chemical reactions. They are characterized by high substrate specificity and share many mechanistic features with enzymes.Oxidation-Reduction: A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).Stereoisomerism: The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Sequence Homology, Amino Acid: The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.Hydrogen Bonding: A low-energy attractive force between hydrogen and another element. It plays a major role in determining the properties of water, proteins, and other compounds.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Amino Acid Substitution: The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.Enzyme Stability: The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.Enzymes: Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. They may occur naturally or be synthetically created. Enzymes are usually proteins, however CATALYTIC RNA and CATALYTIC DNA molecules have also been identified.Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.Metals: Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Protein Structure, Secondary: The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.Thermodynamics: A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)Magnesium: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.Sequence Alignment: The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.Protons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.Molecular Conformation: The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Conserved Sequence: A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Oxidoreductases: The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)Adenosine Triphosphate: An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.Spectrophotometry: The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.Proton-Translocating ATPases: Multisubunit enzymes that reversibly synthesize ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE. They are coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane.Nucleic Acid Conformation: The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)NADP: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)Flavins: Derivatives of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton. Flavin derivatives serve an electron transfer function as ENZYME COFACTORS in FLAVOPROTEINS.Temperature: The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.Alkenes: Unsaturated hydrocarbons of the type Cn-H2n, indicated by the suffix -ene. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p408)Protein Structure, Quaternary: The characteristic 3-dimensional shape and arrangement of multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).Cyclization: Changing an open-chain hydrocarbon to a closed ring. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Dimerization: The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.Crystallization: The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)IminesNAD: A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed)Phosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.Circular Dichroism: A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Chemistry, Organic: The study of the structure, preparation, properties, and reactions of carbon compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Lewis Acids: Any chemical species which accepts an electron-pair from a LEWIS BASE in a chemical bonding reaction.Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy: A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).Zinc: A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.Escherichia coli Proteins: Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.Oxygen: An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.Quantum Theory: The theory that the radiation and absorption of energy take place in definite quantities called quanta (E) which vary in size and are defined by the equation E=hv in which h is Planck's constant and v is the frequency of the radiation.CobamidesEnzyme Activation: Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet: Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Protein Folding: Processes involved in the formation of TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE.Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.Water: A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Isomerism: The phenomenon whereby certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Electrons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.Cations, Divalent: Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.Sulfhydryl Compounds: Compounds containing the -SH radical.Chorismate Mutase: An isomerase that catalyzes the conversion of chorismic acid to prephenic acid. EC 5.4.99.5.Static Electricity: The accumulation of an electric charge on a objectDNA Primers: Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.Aldehydes: Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO.Oxygenases: Oxidases that specifically introduce DIOXYGEN-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules.Alkadienes: Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having two carbon-carbon double bonds.Ligands: A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Coenzymes: Small molecules that are required for the catalytic function of ENZYMES. Many VITAMINS are coenzymes.KetonesPhosphines: Inorganic or organic compounds derived from phosphine (PH3) by the replacement of H atoms. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Hydrolases: Any member of the class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the substrate and the addition of water to the resulting molecules, e.g., ESTERASES, glycosidases (GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES), lipases, NUCLEOTIDASES, peptidases (PEPTIDE HYDROLASES), and phosphatases (PHOSPHORIC MONOESTER HYDROLASES). EC 3.Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.Aldehyde-Lyases: Enzymes that catalyze a reverse aldol condensation. A molecule containing a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group is cleaved at a C-C bond to produce two smaller molecules (ALDEHYDES or KETONES). EC 4.1.2.Amino Acid Motifs: Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.Geobacillus stearothermophilus: A species of GRAM-POSITIVE ENDOSPORE-FORMING BACTERIA in the family BACILLACEAE, found in soil, hot springs, Arctic waters, ocean sediments, and spoiled food products.Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.Solvents: Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Mixed Function Oxygenases: Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.Mutagenesis: Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.Multienzyme Complexes: Systems of enzymes which function sequentially by catalyzing consecutive reactions linked by common metabolic intermediates. They may involve simply a transfer of water molecules or hydrogen atoms and may be associated with large supramolecular structures such as MITOCHONDRIA or RIBOSOMES.Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).Spectrometry, Fluorescence: Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.Organic Chemistry Phenomena: The conformation, properties, reaction processes, and the properties of the reactions of carbon compounds.EstersSaccharomyces cerevisiae: A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid: Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.Apoenzymes: The protein components of enzyme complexes (HOLOENZYMES). An apoenzyme is the holoenzyme minus any cofactors (ENZYME COFACTORS) or prosthetic groups required for the enzymatic function.Acylation: The addition of an organic acid radical into a molecule.Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel: Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.Protein Subunits: Single chains of amino acids that are the units of multimeric PROTEINS. Multimeric proteins can be composed of identical or non-identical subunits. One or more monomeric subunits may compose a protomer which itself is a subunit structure of a larger assembly.Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.Iron: A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.Allosteric Regulation: The modification of the reactivity of ENZYMES by the binding of effectors to sites (ALLOSTERIC SITES) on the enzymes other than the substrate BINDING SITES.Point Mutation: A mutation caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another. This results in the DNA molecule having a change in a single base pair.Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.DNA: A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).Steroid Isomerases: Enzymes that catalyze the transposition of double bond(s) in a steroid molecule. EC 5.3.3.Crystallography: The branch of science that deals with the geometric description of crystals and their internal arrangement. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Disulfides: Chemical groups containing the covalent disulfide bonds -S-S-. The sulfur atoms can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties.Lyases: A class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of C-C, C-O, and C-N, and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.Alcohol Oxidoreductases: A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).Hydro-Lyases: Enzymes that catalyze the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond leading to unsaturated products via the removal of water. EC 4.2.1.Mutant Proteins: Proteins produced from GENES that have acquired MUTATIONS.Deuterium: Deuterium. The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.Nucleotides: The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)Enzyme Inhibitors: Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.Molecular Dynamics Simulation: A computer simulation developed to study the motion of molecules over a period of time.Hydroxylation: Placing of a hydroxyl group on a compound in a position where one did not exist before. (Stedman, 26th ed)Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.Organophosphorus Compounds: Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. Included under this heading is broad array of synthetic compounds that are used as PESTICIDES and DRUGS.Isomerases: A class of enzymes that catalyze geometric or structural changes within a molecule to form a single product. The reactions do not involve a net change in the concentrations of compounds other than the substrate and the product.(from Dorland, 28th ed) EC 5.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Halogenation: Covalent attachment of HALOGENS to other compounds.Thermotoga maritima: A rod-shaped bacterium surrounded by a sheath-like structure which protrudes balloon-like beyond the ends of the cell. It is thermophilic, with growth occurring at temperatures as high as 90 degrees C. It is isolated from geothermally heated marine sediments or hot springs. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)Amination: The creation of an amine. It can be produced by the addition of an amino group to an organic compound or reduction of a nitro group.Ions: An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.Isoenzymes: Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.Macromolecular Substances: Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.PeroxidasesNuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular: NMR spectroscopy on small- to medium-size biological macromolecules. This is often used for structural investigation of proteins and nucleic acids, and often involves more than one isotope.Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.Electron Transport: The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)Coenzyme APhosphoric Triester Hydrolases: A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of one of the three ester bonds in a phosphotriester-containing compound.Nucleotidyltransferases: A class of enzymes that transfers nucleotidyl residues. EC 2.7.7.Chorismic Acid: A cyclohexadiene carboxylic acid derived from SHIKIMIC ACID and a precursor for the biosynthesis of UBIQUINONE and the AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS.Free Radicals: Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.Amino Acid Isomerases: Enzymes that catalyze either the racemization or epimerization of chiral centers within amino acids or derivatives. EC 5.1.1.AmidohydrolasesProtein Engineering: Procedures by which protein structure and function are changed or created in vitro by altering existing or synthesizing new structural genes that direct the synthesis of proteins with sought-after properties. Such procedures may include the design of MOLECULAR MODELS of proteins using COMPUTER GRAPHICS or other molecular modeling techniques; site-specific mutagenesis (MUTAGENESIS, SITE-SPECIFIC) of existing genes; and DIRECTED MOLECULAR EVOLUTION techniques to create new genes.Glycine: A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.Hydroxylamine: A colorless inorganic compound (HONH2) used in organic synthesis and as a reducing agent, due to its ability to donate nitric oxide.Plasmids: Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.Endoribonucleases: A family of enzymes that catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA. It includes EC 3.1.26.-, EC 3.1.27.-, EC 3.1.30.-, and EC 3.1.31.-.Ribonuclease P: An RNA-containing enzyme that plays an essential role in tRNA processing by catalyzing the endonucleolytic cleavage of TRANSFER RNA precursors. It removes the extra 5'-nucleotides from tRNA precursors to generate mature tRNA molecules.Metalloproteins: Proteins that have one or more tightly bound metal ions forming part of their structure. (Dorland, 28th ed)Methyltransferases: A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from one compound to another. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.1.1.Carbonic Anhydrase II: A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme found widely distributed in cells of almost all tissues. Deficiencies of carbonic anhydrase II produce a syndrome characterized by OSTEOPETROSIS, renal tubular acidosis (ACIDOSIS, RENAL TUBULAR) and cerebral calcification. EC 4.2.1.-Sulfurtransferases: Enzymes which transfer sulfur atoms to various acceptor molecules. EC 2.8.1.Titrimetry: The determination of the concentration of a given component in solution (the analyte) by addition of a liquid reagent of known strength (the titrant) until an equivalence point is reached (when the reactants are present in stoichiometric proportions). Often an indicator is added to make the equivalence point visible (e.g., a change in color).S-Adenosylmethionine: Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Structural Homology, Protein: The degree of 3-dimensional shape similarity between proteins. It can be an indication of distant AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY and used for rational DRUG DESIGN.Nonheme Iron Proteins: Proteins, usually acting in oxidation-reduction reactions, containing iron but no porphyrin groups. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1993, pG-10)DNA, Catalytic: Molecules of DNA that possess enzymatic activity.Enzyme Reactivators: Compounds which restore enzymatic activity by removing an inhibitory group bound to the reactive site of the enzyme.Transition Elements: Elements with partially filled d orbitals. They constitute groups 3-12 of the periodic table of elements.Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase: A carboxy-lyase that plays a key role in photosynthetic carbon assimilation in the CALVIN-BENSON CYCLE by catalyzing the formation of 3-phosphoglycerate from ribulose 1,5-biphosphate and CARBON DIOXIDE. It can also utilize OXYGEN as a substrate to catalyze the synthesis of 2-phosphoglycolate and 3-phosphoglycerate in a process referred to as photorespiration.Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate: The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.Clostridium sticklandii: A species of gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae frequently used for the study of ENZYMES.Transketolase: An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the conversion of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to D-ribose 5-phosphate and D-xylulose 5-phosphate in the PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.2.1.1.Spectrum Analysis: The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Alkynes: Hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond in the linear portion, of the general formula Cn-H2n-2.Pyrophosphatases: A group of enzymes within the class EC 3.6.1.- that catalyze the hydrolysis of diphosphate bonds, chiefly in nucleoside di- and triphosphates. They may liberate either a mono- or diphosphate. EC 3.6.1.-.Oxygen Isotopes: Stable oxygen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element oxygen, but differ in atomic weight. O-17 and 18 are stable oxygen isotopes.Epoxy Compounds: Organic compounds that include a cyclic ether with three ring atoms in their structure. They are commonly used as precursors for POLYMERS such as EPOXY RESINS.Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases: Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-nitrogen bond. EC 6.3.Hydrogenation: Addition of hydrogen to a compound, especially to an unsaturated fat or fatty acid. (From Stedman, 26th ed)Carbon-Carbon Lyases: Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. This subclass contains the DECARBOXYLASES, the ALDEHYDE-LYASES, and the OXO-ACID-LYASES. EC 4.1.Ferrous Compounds: Inorganic or organic compounds that contain divalent iron.Chromatography, Gel: Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.Alkyl and Aryl Transferases: A somewhat heterogeneous class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of alkyl or related groups (excluding methyl groups). EC 2.5.Nitrophenols4-Hydroxybenzoate-3-Monooxygenase: A flavoprotein that catalyzes the synthesis of protocatechuic acid from 4-hydroxybenzoate in the presence of molecular oxygen. EC 1.14.13.2.Copper: A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.Decarboxylation: The removal of a carboxyl group, usually in the form of carbon dioxide, from a chemical compound.

Human topoisomerase I promotes initiation of simian virus 40 DNA replication in vitro. (1/16180)

Addition of purified human topoisomerase I (topo I) to simian virus 40 T antigen-driven in vitro DNA replication reactions performed with topo I-deficient extracts results in a greater than 10-fold stimulation of completed molecules as well as a more than 3-fold enhancement of overall DNA replication. To further characterize this stimulation, we first demonstrate that bovine topo I but not Escherichia coli topo I can also enhance DNA replication. By using several human topo I mutants, we show that a catalytically active form of topo I is required. To delineate whether topo I influences the initiation or the elongation step of replication, we performed delayed pulse, pulse-chase, and delayed pulse-chase experiments. The results illustrate that topo I cannot promote the completion of partially replicated molecules but is needed from the beginning of the reaction to initiate replication. Competitive inhibition experiments with the topo I binding T antigen fragment 1-246T and a catalytically inactive topo I mutant suggest that part of topo I's stimulation of replication is mediated through a direct interaction with T antigen. Collectively, our data indicate that topo I enhances the synthesis of fully replicated DNA molecules by forming essential interactions with T antigen and stimulating initiation.  (+info)

A novel H2A/H4 nucleosomal histone acetyltransferase in Tetrahymena thermophila. (2/16180)

Recently, we reported the identification of a 55-kDa polypeptide (p55) from Tetrahymena macronuclei as a catalytic subunit of a transcription-associated histone acetyltransferase (HAT A). Extensive homology between p55 and Gcn5p, a component of the SAGA and ADA transcriptional coactivator complexes in budding yeast, suggests an immediate link between the regulation of chromatin structure and transcriptional output. Here we report the characterization of a second transcription-associated HAT activity from Tetrahymena macronuclei. This novel activity is distinct from complexes containing p55 and putative ciliate SAGA and ADA components and shares several characteristics with NuA4 (for nucleosomal H2A/H4), a 1.8-MDa, Gcn5p-independent HAT complex recently described in yeast. A key feature of both the NuA4 and Tetrahymena activities is their acetylation site specificity for lysines 5, 8, 12, and 16 of H4 and lysines 5 and 9 of H2A in nucleosomal substrates, patterns that are distinct from those of known Gcn5p family members. Moreover, like NuA4, the Tetrahymena activity is capable of activating transcription from nucleosomal templates in vitro in an acetyl coenzyme A-dependent fashion. Unlike NuA4, however, sucrose gradient analyses of the ciliate enzyme, following sequential denaturation and renaturation, estimate the molecular size of the catalytically active subunit to be approximately 80 kDa, consistent with the notion that a single polypeptide or a stable subcomplex is sufficient for this H2A/H4 nucleosomal HAT activity. Together, these data document the importance of this novel HAT activity for transcriptional activation from chromatin templates and suggest that a second catalytic HAT subunit, in addition to p55/Gcn5p, is conserved between yeast and Tetrahymena.  (+info)

Pseudouridine mapping in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spliceosomal U small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) reveals that pseudouridine synthase pus1p exhibits a dual substrate specificity for U2 snRNA and tRNA. (3/16180)

Pseudouridine (Psi) residues were localized in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spliceosomal U small nuclear RNAs (UsnRNAs) by using the chemical mapping method. In contrast to vertebrate UsnRNAs, S. cerevisiae UsnRNAs contain only a few Psi residues, which are located in segments involved in intermolecular RNA-RNA or RNA-protein interactions. At these positions, UsnRNAs are universally modified. When yeast mutants disrupted for one of the several pseudouridine synthase genes (PUS1, PUS2, PUS3, and PUS4) or depleted in rRNA-pseudouridine synthase Cbf5p were tested for UsnRNA Psi content, only the loss of the Pus1p activity was found to affect Psi formation in spliceosomal UsnRNAs. Indeed, Psi44 formation in U2 snRNA was abolished. By using purified Pus1p enzyme and in vitro-produced U2 snRNA, Pus1p is shown here to catalyze Psi44 formation in the S. cerevisiae U2 snRNA. Thus, Pus1p is the first UsnRNA pseudouridine synthase characterized so far which exhibits a dual substrate specificity, acting on both tRNAs and U2 snRNA. As depletion of rRNA-pseudouridine synthase Cbf5p had no effect on UsnRNA Psi content, formation of Psi residues in S. cerevisiae UsnRNAs is not dependent on the Cbf5p-snoRNA guided mechanism.  (+info)

Molecular dynamics of the sodium channel pore vary with gating: interactions between P-segment motions and inactivation. (4/16180)

Disulfide trapping studies have revealed that the pore-lining (P) segments of voltage-dependent sodium channels undergo sizable motions on a subsecond time scale. Such motions of the pore may be necessary for selective ion translocation. Although traditionally viewed as separable properties, gating and permeation are now known to interact extensively in various classes of channels. We have investigated the interaction of pore motions and voltage-dependent gating in micro1 sodium channels engineered to contain two cysteines within the P segments. Rates of catalyzed internal disulfide formation (kSS) were measured in K1237C+W1531C mutant channels expressed in oocytes. During repetitive voltage-clamp depolarizations, increasing the pulse duration had biphasic effects on the kSS, which first increased to a maximum at 200 msec and then decreased with longer depolarizations. This result suggested that occupancy of an intermediate inactivation state (IM) facilitates pore motions. Consistent with the known antagonism between alkali metals and a component of slow inactivation, kSS varied inversely with external [Na+]o. We examined the converse relationship, namely the effect of pore flexibility on gating, by measuring recovery from inactivation in Y401C+E758C (YC/EC) channels. Under oxidative conditions, recovery from inactivation was slower than in a reduced environment in which the spontaneous YC/EC cross-link is disrupted. The most prominent effects were slowing of a component with intermediate recovery kinetics, with diminution of its relative amplitude. We conclude that occupancy of an intermediate inactivation state facilitates motions of the P segments; conversely, flexibility of the P segments alters an intermediate component of inactivation.  (+info)

Phosphorylation by protein kinase C decreases catalytic activity of avian phospholipase C-beta. (5/16180)

The potential role of protein kinase C (PKC)-promoted phosphorylation has been examined in the G-protein-regulated inositol lipid signalling pathway. Incubation of [32P]Pi-labelled turkey erythrocytes with either the P2Y1 receptor agonist 2-methylthioadenosine triphosphate (2MeSATP) or with PMA resulted in a marked increase in incorporation of 32P into the G-protein-activated phospholipase C PLC-betaT. Purified PLC-betaT also was phosphorylated by PKC in vitro to a stoichiometry (mean+/-S. E.M.) of 1.06+/-0.2 mol of phosphate/mol of PLC-betaT. Phosphorylation by PKC was isoenzyme-specific because, under identical conditions, mammalian PLC-beta2 also was phosphorylated to a stoichiometry near unity, whereas mammalian PLC-beta1 was not phosphorylated by PKC. The effects of PKC-promoted phosphorylation on enzyme activity were assessed by reconstituting purified PLC-betaT with turkey erythrocyte membranes devoid of endogenous PLC activity. Phosphorylation resulted in a decrease in basal activity, AlF4(-)-stimulated activity, and activity stimulated by 2MeSATP plus guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate in the reconstituted membranes. The decreases in enzyme activities were proportional to the extent of PKC-promoted phosphorylation. Catalytic activity assessed by using mixed detergent/phospholipid micelles also was decreased by up to 60% by phosphorylation. The effect of phosphorylation on Gqalpha-stimulated PLC-betaT in reconstitution experiments with purified proteins was not greater than that observed on basal activity alone. Taken together, these results illustrate that PKC phosphorylates PLC-betaT in vivo and to a physiologically relevant stoichiometry in vitro. Phosphorylation is accompanied by a concomitant loss of enzyme activity, reflected as a decrease in overall catalytic activity rather than as a specific modification of G-protein-regulated activity.  (+info)

Regulation and function of family 1 and family 2 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genes (UGT1A, UGT2B) in human oesophagus. (6/16180)

Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are expressed in a tissue-specific fashion in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues [Strassburg, Manns and Tukey (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 8719-8726]. Previous work suggests that these enzymes play a protective role in chemical carcinogenesis [Strassburg, Manns and Tukey (1997) Cancer Res. 57, 2979-2985]. In this study, UGT1 and UGT2 gene expression was investigated in human oesophageal epithelium and squamous-cell carcinoma in addition to the characterization of individual UGT isoforms using recombinant protein. UGT mRNA expression was characterized by duplex reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis and revealed the expression of UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9 and UGT1A10 mRNAs. UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A5 and UGT1A6 transcripts were not detected. UGT2 expression included UGT2B7, UGT2B10 and UGT2B15, but UGT2B4 mRNA was absent. UGT2 mRNA was present at significantly lower levels than UGT1 transcripts. This observation was in agreement with the analysis of catalytic activities in oesophageal microsomal protein, which was characterized by high glucuronidation rates for phenolic xenobiotics, all of which are classical UGT1 substrates. Whereas UGT1A9 was not regulated, differential regulation of UGT1A7 and UGT1A10 mRNA was observed between normal oesophageal epithelium and squamous-cell carcinoma. Expression and analysis in vitro of recombinant UGT1A7, UGT1A9, UGT1A10, UGT2B7 and UGT2B15 demonstrated that UGT1A7, UGT1A9 and UGT1A10 catalysed the glucuronidation of 7-hydroxybenzo(alpha)pyrene, as well as other environmental carcinogens, such as 2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo-(4, 5-beta)-pyridine. Although UGT1A9 was not regulated in the carcinoma tissue, the five-fold reduction in 7-hydroxybenzo(alpha)pyrene glucuronidation could be attributed to regulation of UGT1A7 and UGT1A10. These data elucidate an individual regulation of human UGT1A and UGT2B genes in human oesophagus and provide evidence for specific catalytic activities of individual human UGT isoforms towards environmental carcinogens that have been implicated in cellular carcinogenesis.  (+info)

Melatonin biosynthesis: the structure of serotonin N-acetyltransferase at 2.5 A resolution suggests a catalytic mechanism. (7/16180)

Conversion of serotonin to N-acetylserotonin, the precursor of the circadian neurohormone melatonin, is catalyzed by serotonin N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) in a reaction requiring acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA). AANAT is a globular protein consisting of an eight-stranded beta sheet flanked by five alpha helices; a conserved motif in the center of the beta sheet forms the cofactor binding site. Three polypeptide loops converge above the AcCoA binding site, creating a hydrophobic funnel leading toward the cofactor and serotonin binding sites in the protein interior. Two conserved histidines not found in other NATs are located at the bottom of the funnel in the active site, suggesting a catalytic mechanism for acetylation involving imidazole groups acting as general acid/base catalysts.  (+info)

Histone octamer transfer by a chromatin-remodeling complex. (8/16180)

RSC, an abundant, essential chromatin-remodeling complex related to SWI/SNF complex, catalyzes the transfer of a histone octamer from a nucleosome core particle to naked DNA. The newly formed octamer-DNA complex is identical with a nucleosome in all respects. The reaction requires ATP and involves an activated RSC-nucleosome intermediate. The mechanism may entail formation of a duplex displacement loop on the nucleosome, facilitating the entry of exogeneous DNA and the release of the endogenous molecule.  (+info)

Effects on general acid catalysis from mutations of the invariant tryptophan and arginine residues in the protein tyrosine...Effects on general acid catalysis from mutations of the invariant tryptophan and arginine residues in the protein tyrosine...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects on general acid catalysis from mutations of the invariant tryptophan and arginine residues in the protein tyrosine phosphatase from Yersinia. AU - Hoff, Richard H.. AU - Hengge, Alvan C.. AU - Wu, Li. AU - Keng, Yen Fang. AU - Zhang, Zhong Yin. PY - 2000/1/11. Y1 - 2000/1/11. N2 - General acid catalysis in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) is accomplished by a conserved Asp residue, which is brought into position for catalysis by movement of a flexible loop that occurs upon binding of substrate. With the PTPase from Yersinia, we have examined the effect on general acid catalysis caused by mutations to two conserved residues that are integral to this conformation change. Residue Trp354 is at a hinge of the loop, and Arg409 forms hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions with the phosphoryl group of substrates. Trp354 was mutated to Phe and to Ala, and residue Arg409 was mutated to Lys and to Ala. The four mutant enzymes were studied using steady state kinetics and ...
Implication of substrate-assisted catalysis on improving lipase activity or enantioselectivity in organic solvents<...Implication of substrate-assisted catalysis on improving lipase activity or enantioselectivity in organic solvents<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Implication of substrate-assisted catalysis on improving lipase activity or enantioselectivity in organic solvents. AU - Tsai, Shau Wei. AU - Chen, Chun Chi. AU - Yang, Hung Shien. AU - Ng, I. Son. AU - Chen, Teh Liang. PY - 2006/8/1. Y1 - 2006/8/1. N2 - In comparison with the biocatalyst engineering and medium engineering approaches, very few examples have been reported on using the substrate engineering approach such as substrate-assisted catalysis (SAC) for naturally occurring or engineered lipases and serine proteases to improve the enzyme activity and enantioselectivity. By employing lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of (R,S)-naproxen esters in water-saturated isooctane as the model system, we demonstrate the proton shuttle device to the leaving alcohol of the substrate as a new means of SAC to effectively improve the lipase activity or enantioselectivity. The result cannot only provide a strong evidence for the rate-limiting proton transfer for the bond-breaking of tetrahedron ...
Catalysts | Free Full-Text | Preparation of Pd-Diimine@SBA-15 and Its Catalytic Performance for the Suzuki Coupling ReactionCatalysts | Free Full-Text | Preparation of [email protected] and Its Catalytic Performance for the Suzuki Coupling Reaction
A highly efficient and stable [email protected] catalyst was successfully prepared by immobilizing Pd onto diimine-functionalized mesoporous silica SBA-15. With the help of diimine functional groups grafted onto the SBA-15, Pd could be anchored on a support with high dispersion. [email protected] catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance for the Suzuki coupling reaction of electronically diverse aryl halides and phenylboronic acid under mild conditions with an ultralow amount of Pd (0.05 mol % Pd). When the catalyst amount was increased, it could catalyze the coupling reaction of chlorinated aromatics with phenylboronic acid. Compared with the catalytic performances of Pd/SBA-15 and [email protected] catalysts, the [email protected] catalyst exhibited higher hydrothermal stability and could be repeatedly used four times without a significant decrease of its catalytic activity.
Specific versus General Acid Catalysis | Learning Material | NoodleSpecific versus General Acid Catalysis | Learning Material | Noodle
Get an in-depth review and ask questions about Specific versus General Acid Catalysis. See what people are saying about Specific versus General Acid Catalysis.
Electron tomography for heterogeneous catalysts and related nanostructured materialsElectron tomography for heterogeneous catalysts and related nanostructured materials
The full potential in catalyst development will only be realized if characterization techniques are available that can probe materials with subnanometer resolution. One of the most employed techniques to image heterogeneous catalysts at the nanometer and subnanometer scale is transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As suggested by the name, TEM uses ... read more electrons transmitted through the object for imaging. Since the interaction between electrons and matter is very strong, only thin parts, commonly much less than a micron in thickness, are imaged. Since heterogeneous catalysts are, in most cases, structured on a much smaller length scale, the sample thickness can be reduced to TEM requirements by appropriate preparation techniques and is, therefore, no limitation. show less ...
Platinum-supporting hollandite-type vanadium-chromium mixed oxides as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for deoxygenation of...Platinum-supporting hollandite-type vanadium-chromium mixed oxides as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for deoxygenation of...
Deoxygenation of sulfoxides to their corresponding sulfides is an important reaction, and the development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts that can utilize molecular hydrogen (H2) as a reducing agent is highly desired. In this study, we successfully developed a new concept in heterogeneous catalysts, pla
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Design and Use of Nanostructured Single-Site Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Selective...Molecules | Free Full-Text | Design and Use of Nanostructured Single-Site Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Selective...
Nanostructured single-site heterogeneous catalysts possess the advantages of classical solid catalysts, in terms of easy recovery and recycling, together with a defined tailored chemical and steric environment around the catalytically active metal site. The use of inorganic oxide supports with selected shape and porosity at a nanometric level may have a relevant impact on the regio- and stereochemistry of the catalytic reaction. Analogously, by choosing the optimal preparation techniques to obtain spatially isolated and well-characterised active sites, it is possible to achieve performances that are comparable to (or, in the most favourable cases, better than) those obtained with homogeneous systems. Such catalysts are therefore particularly suitable for the transformation of highly-functionalised fine chemicals and some relevant examples where high chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity are crucial will be described.
Optically active β-ketoiminato manganese(III) complexes as efficient catalysts in enantioselective aerobic epoxidation of...Optically active β-ketoiminato manganese(III) complexes as efficient catalysts in enantioselective aerobic epoxidation of...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Optically active β-ketoiminato manganese(III) complexes as efficient catalysts in enantioselective aerobic epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins. AU - Nagata, Takushi. AU - Imagawa, Kiyomi. AU - Yamada, Tohru. AU - Mukaiyama, Teruaki. PY - 1994/6/1. Y1 - 1994/6/1. N2 - A novel manganese(III) complex having an optically active N, N′-ethylenebis-β-ketoimine ligand was prepared and characterized crystallographically. The manganese(III) complexes behave as effective catalysts in enantioselective epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins by combined use of molecular oxygen, an oxidant, and pivalaldehyde, a reductant. Dihydronaphthalene derivatives were converted into the corresponding optically active epoxides with good to high enantioselectivities.. AB - A novel manganese(III) complex having an optically active N, N′-ethylenebis-β-ketoimine ligand was prepared and characterized crystallographically. The manganese(III) complexes behave as effective catalysts in enantioselective ...
Novel Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Heterogeneous Catalyst: Photocatalytic Mechanism for Decolorization of...Novel Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Heterogeneous Catalyst: Photocatalytic Mechanism for Decolorization of...
Novel Bi2S3/TiO2 Heterogeneous Catalyst: Photocatalytic Mechanism for Decolorization of Texbrite Dye and Evaluation of Oxygen Species - Heterogeneous;Sonochemical;Visible light;$Bi_2S_3$;DPCO;
Enhanced catalytic performance of immobilized Parvibaculum lavamentivorans... - RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY Aachener...Enhanced catalytic performance of immobilized Parvibaculum lavamentivorans... - RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY Aachener...
Sie sind hier: Enhanced catalytic performance of immobilized Parvibaculum lavamentivorans alcohol dehydrogenase in a gas phase bioreactor using glycerol as an additive. ...
Copper nanoparticles grafted on carbon microspheres as novel heterogeneous catalysts and their application for the reduction of...Copper nanoparticles grafted on carbon microspheres as novel heterogeneous catalysts and their application for the reduction of...
Catalysis is at the heart of chemical transformations; therefore, there are continuous efforts to develop new catalysts and increase catalytic performance for various applications. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have become essential tools for many chemical processes employed in industry and academia during recent decades.1-5 NPs possess high specific surface area, various shapes and sizes, and high reactivity, and they often exhibit activity different from that of the corresponding bulk materials, due to their distinctive quantum properties. Handling of NPs, however, is not easy, because NPs are often prone to self-aggregation, and it is difficult to separate them from reaction media because the classical, convenient filtration methods are not applicable. One economical way to overcome or minimise these limitations is to anchor NPs on supports, with the latter also serving as modifiers of catalytic properties. Nowadays, economic considerations and health issues are gaining more and more ...
Supported Molten Metal Catalysis. A New Class of Catalysts - Digital LibrarySupported Molten Metal Catalysis. A New Class of Catalysts - Digital Library
We describe a new class of heterogeneous catalysts called supported molten metal catalysis (SMMC), in which molten metal catalysts are dispersed as nanodroplets on the surface of porous supports, allowing much larger active surface area than is possible in conventional contacting techniques for catalytic metals that are molten under reaction conditions, thus greatly enhancing their activity and potential utility. Specific examples of different types of reactions are provided to demonstrate the broad applicability of the technique in designing active, selective, and stable new catalysts. It is shown that dispersing the molten metal on a support in the suggested manner can enhance the rate of a reaction by three to four orders of magnitude as a result of the concomitant increase in the active surface area. New reaction examples include {gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} supported molten Te (melting point 450 C) and Ga (MP 30 C) catalysts for bifunctional methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation. These catalysts provide
Catalysing for success This presentation will discuss what catalysts are, their mechanisms of action and their significance to...Catalysing for success This presentation will discuss what catalysts are, their mechanisms of action and their significance to...
Introduction. Catalysis-catalysing for success Catalysing for success This presentation will discuss what catalysts are, their mechanisms of action and their significance to the chemical industry. Introduction Catalysis is a remarkable phenomenon. Quite apart from the scientific reality, the financial and environmental benefits of harnessing its power are very impressive. Catalysts in definition developed by scientists in the last century, are materials that change the rate of attainment of equilibrium without themselves being changed or consumed in the process. To illustrate the importance of catalysis, here are some of the many applications of it: Chemical and materials manufacturing, Fuel cells, Combustion devices, Pollution control systems, Laundry detergents. The mechanisms of catalytic action in some of the above applications will be discussed later. Types of Catalyst There are two types of catalyst: Industrial catalysts - These are non-biological catalysts, which include solid state, ...
Brevet US3536457 - Catalytic oxidation unit for domestic oven exhaust - Google BrevetsBrevet US3536457 - Catalytic oxidation unit for domestic oven exhaust - Google Brevets
2 Sheets-Sheet 1 w. L. HENDERSON I CATALYTIC OXIDATION UNIT FOR DOMESTIC OVEN EXHAUST Oct. 27,1970 Filed Feb WAYNE L. HENDERSON ms ATTORNEY Oct. 27 41970 w, HENDERSON 3,536,?!- CATALYTIC OXIDATION UNIT FOR DOMESTIC-OVENBXIIAUST Filed Feb. 21, 1968 2 shms snm a was I FIG.4 . l I I l I I I I I I I I I o "5 l 3o 4o so 6o INVENTOIL WAYNE L. neuoaasou HIS ATTORNEY United States Patent US. Cl. 23-288 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A catalytic oxidation unit useful in eliminating smoke and odors issuing from the exhaust vent of a domestic cooking oven, particularly a high temperature, selfcleaning oven using a pyrolytic process for degrading food soils. The oxidation unit comprises a hollow housing supporting a plurality of catalyst coated gas burners of cellular ceramic construction and having a high surface-tovolume ratio. The housing has an intake port and an exhaust port and includes a partition which separates the housing into intake and afterburner compartments; with the gas flow being ...
New Technology for Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ammonia To Nitrogen » Brill OnlineNew Technology for Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ammonia To Nitrogen » Brill Online
The selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) of ammonia to N2 was studied by using a series of noble metal-V2O5-WO3 catalysts supported on titania-silica (TS) prepared by coprecipitation method. In the V2O5- WO3 catalyst system, the use of TS as a support was very effective to enhance catalytic activity compared with TiO2 or SiO2 alone. The addition of a slight amount of Pd and Ir to V2O5-WO3/TS catalyst caused also remarkable enhancement of the catalytic activity without decreasing the selectivity to N2. The present catalysts provide remarkably high catalytic performance for SCO of ammonia to N2 under the practical reaction conditions for an industrial application.
Creative Enzymes Tells You What Enzyme Catalysis Is | Hope TribuneCreative Enzymes Tells You What Enzyme Catalysis Is | Hope Tribune
Enzyme catalysis can be regarded as a catalytic reaction between homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. It can be seen as the reaction between the enzyme and the reaction for formation of intermediate compounds, and it can also be seen as the reaction after the surface of the enzyme adsorbs the reactant.. What are enzymes?. It is an organic colloidal substance composed of protein. It plays a catalytic role for biochemical reactions.. Fermentation also is finished by its role of protease enzyme.. Enzyme catalysis. Accelerating or slowing down a chemical reaction by enzymes is called enzyme catalysis. Hundreds of different reactions performing simultaneously in a living cell are accomplished by a considerable number of enzymes. In many cases, small structural changes in the substrate molecule will make the compound loss the ability to act as a substrate.. Features. Enzyme catalysis shows a characteristic which is not seen in non-enzymatic reaction. It can be saturated with substrate. When the ...
Trienamines: Their Key Role in Extended Organocatalysis for Diels-Alder Reactions - Asymmetric Catalysis - Tom 1, Numer 1 (2013...Trienamines: Their Key Role in Extended Organocatalysis for Diels-Alder Reactions - Asymmetric Catalysis - Tom 1, Numer 1 (2013...
For a seminal work in HOMO activation via enamineintermediates, see: a) List B., Lerner R. A., Barbas III C. F. J.,Proline-Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reactions, J. Am.Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 2395-2396. For a review in enamineactivation, see: b) Mukherjee S., Yang J. W., Hoffmann S.,List B., Asymmetric Enamine Catalysis, Chem. Rev. 2007,107, 5471-5569. For a seminal work in HOMO-activation viadienamine intermediates, see: c) Bertelsen S., Marigo M.,Brandes S., Dinér P., Jørgensen K. A., Dienamine Catalysis:Organocatalytic Asymmetric γ-Amination of α,β-UnsaturatedAldehydes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 12973-12980.For reviews in dienamine activation, see: d) Ramachary D. B.,Reddy Y. V., Dienamine Catalysis: An Emerging Technologyin Organic Synthesis, Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2012, 865-887. e)Parra A., Reboredo S., Alemán J., Asymmetric Synthesis ofCyclobutanes by a Formal [2+2] Cycloaddition Controlled byDienamine Catalysis, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 9734-9735 ...
Inorganic - Page 3 - Rodrigo Ortiz Book ArchiveInorganic - Page 3 - Rodrigo Ortiz Book Archive
Winning commercial heterogeneous catalysts satisfy numerous key require- ments: as well as excessive catalytic task for the specified response, with excessive selectivity the place applicable, in addition they have a suitable advertisement existence and are rugged sufficient for transportation and charging into plant reactors. extra requisites contain the necessity to come on-line easily very quickly and reproducible production approaches that contain handy methods at appropriate expense. the advance of heterogeneous catalysts that meet those (often at the same time unique) calls for is much from basic, and likewise a lot of the particular production tech- nology is stored mystery for advertisement reasons-thus theres no smooth textual content that offers with the full of this significant topic. rules of Catalyst improvement, which offers comprehensively with the layout, improvement, and manufacture of functional heterogeneous catalysts, is for this reason specially helpful in assembly the ...
Investigations in cooperative catalysis: synthesis, reactivity and metal-ligand bonding :: University of Southern California...Investigations in cooperative catalysis: synthesis, reactivity and metal-ligand bonding :: University of Southern California...
Research presented in this work describes investigations into the synthesis, structure, and reactivity of cooperative catalysts. Cooperative catalysis, the concept of actively involving ligands in catalytic transformations, is used extensively in enzymatic systems and has been shown to enable organometallic catalysts to realize improved enantioselectivity, chemoselectivity, or activation of otherwise unreactive bonds. Two types of cooperative catalysts are investigated in this work: non-innocent ligands and ligand-based directing groups. Initial investigations detailed in this work revolve around a catalyst of the first type: Shvos catalyst ({[Ph₄(η⁵-C₄CO)]₂H]}Ru₂(CO)₄(μ-H)) which is known for containing a non-innocent cyclopentadienone ligand. Shvos catalyst is shown to be a competent catalyst for alkylation of amines with alcohols and amines and is superior to other reported catalysts in some cases. Subsequent studies investigated the potential of Shvos catalyst to mediate ...
Research Highlight - Cobalt Assisted Synthesis of IrCu Hollow Octahedral Nanocages as Highly Active Electrocatalysts toward...Research Highlight - Cobalt Assisted Synthesis of IrCu Hollow Octahedral Nanocages as Highly Active Electrocatalysts toward...
Development of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts with reduced precious metal content while enhancing catalytic performance has been of pivotal importance in cost-effective design of acid polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers. Hollow multimetallic nanostructures with well-defined facets are ideally suited for saving the usage of expensive precious metals as well as boosting catalytic performances; however, Ir-based hollow nanocatalysts have rarely been reported. Here, a very simple synthetic scheme is reported for the preparation of hollow octahedral nanocages of Co-doped IrCu alloy with readily tunable morphology and size. The Co-doped IrCu octahedral nanocages show excellent electrocatalytic activity and long-term durability for OER in acidic media. Notably, their OER activity represents one of the best performances among Ir-based acidic OER catalysts.. ...
Catalyst Phase - CHEMISTRY COMMUNITYCatalyst Phase - CHEMISTRY COMMUNITY
Homogeneous catalysts are in the same phase as the reactants while heterogeneous catalysts are not. As far as I understand, the phase matters in terms of effectivity depending on the phase that the reactants are in. For example, a solid catalyst in an aqueous solution or a liquid catalyst in an aqueous solution, versus a case where the reactants sit on the surface of the catalyst, which would be called adsorption ...
Science curiculum vitae personally - University of Da NangScience curiculum vitae personally - University of Da Nang
The role of carbonaceous deposits (coke) formed in dehydrogenation catalysis has been extensively investigated over the last few decades mainly with respect to the deactivation of metal-based and metal-free heterogeneous catalysts. Although much less emphasized, coke deposits grown on selected metal oxides have also been described as active and selective phases for alkene dehydrogenation under an oxidative or non-oxidative atmosphere. This work describes the straightforward preparation of "coked" γ-Al2O3 composites and their catalytic performance in the ethylbenzene (EB) direct dehydrogenation (DDH) to styrene (ST) under steam- and oxygen-free conditions. The study unveils the effective potentiality of a catalytic system already known to the scientific community but never employed for EB DDH under severe conditions, close to those commonly used in industrial plants (600 °C, 10 vol % EB/He, GHSV = 3000 h-1). Such a simple catalytic system has revealed a significant stability on long-term trials ...
Solid acids with SO3H groups and tunable surface propertiesSolid acids with SO3H groups and tunable surface properties
Acid catalysis plays an important role in biomass conversion processes for producing chemicals and fuels. We report a relatively simple procedure for synthesizing versatile, strong acid catalysts based on carbon and carbon-silica composites with sulfonic acid groups. The process involves chemical activation of a sulfonic acid organic precursor at low temperature. The synthesis conditions can be modified to tune the surface composition, texture, and the acid properties of the materials towards superior catalytic performances. Molecular level insights into the nature and strength of the acid sites were gained by combining high resolution XPS and 1H-decoupled 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy of adsorbed triethylphosphine oxide. These materials are effective acid catalysts for the conversion of different biomass-derived chemicals to useful bio products such as furanic ethers and levulinate esters ...
Metal Catalysts for Organic Synthesis | Organic Chemicals | Spectrum ChemicalMetal Catalysts for Organic Synthesis | Organic Chemicals | Spectrum Chemical
Get Metal Catalysts for Organic Synthesis Spectrum Chemical. SpectrumChemical.com carries a full line of fine chemicals, lab appliances and lab suppl Spectrum Chemical offers fine chemicals in lab and production sizes.
CANCELED-Industry Careers and Chemical Catalysis | Bennington CollegeCANCELED-Industry Careers and Chemical Catalysis | Bennington College
CANCELED | Terri Bright Hettinger, PhD will be joining us for Science Workshop to give a talk about industry careers and chemical catalysis.
Study shows a much cheaper catalyst can generate hydrogen in a commercial device | EurekAlert! Science NewsStudy shows a much cheaper catalyst can generate hydrogen in a commercial device | EurekAlert! Science News
SLAC and Stanford researchers have shown for the first time that a cheap catalyst can split water and generate hydrogen gas for hours on end in the harsh environment of a commercial electrolyzer -- a step toward clean, large-scale hydrogen production for fuel, fertilizer and industry.
In Situ IR Spectroscopic Investigation of Noble Metal Catalysts Relate by Zhiyong Wang"In Situ IR Spectroscopic Investigation of Noble Metal Catalysts Relate" by Zhiyong Wang
The reduction of automotive exhaust emissions has been one of the hottest topics in catalysis community since 1970s. Thanks to the development of three-way catalysts, main auto-exhaust pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and unburned hydrocarbons, can be removed simultaneously. Nowadays, diesel engines and lean-engines become more and more popular due to their high fuel-efficiency and low CO2 emissions. Unfortunately, conventional three-way catalysts are not effective at reducing the NOx emissions from these engines due to the excess oxygen in the exhaust stream. Platinum catalysts were found to be highly active for selective NO reduction with hydrocarbons in excess oxygen and has good thermal stability and sulfur resistance. However, discrepancies still exist in the reaction mechanism of NO reduction with hydrocarbons on platinum catalysts. In this thesis, fundamental surface science studies were performed with in situ IR spectroscopic techniques combined with mass spectrometry, aiming
Study shows a much cheaper catalyst can generate hydrogen in a commercial deviceStudy shows a much cheaper catalyst can generate hydrogen in a commercial device
Researchers at the Department of Energys SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University have shown for the first time that a cheap catalyst can split water and generate hydrogen gas for hours on end in the ...
Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica | Protocol (Translated to German)Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica | Protocol (Translated to German)
JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles.
Profile | Georgia Tech Chemistry & BiochemistryProfile | Georgia Tech Chemistry & Biochemistry
Dr. Sievers research interests are in heterogeneous catalysis, reactor design, applied spectroscopy, and characterization and synthesis of solid materials. Combining these interests he seeks to develop processes for the production of fuels and chemicals. His research program combines fundamental and applied research.. In fundamental studies, a suite of analytical and spectroscopic techniques (e.g. IR, NMR, XAS, Raman) is used to gain knowledge on structure-reactivity relationships of heterogeneous catalysts. Moreover, surface reactions are studied on a molecular level so that mechanisms and reaction pathways can be derived. Information obtained from these studies provides the foundation for intelligent catalyst design.. Applied studies focus specific catalytic processes. For these projects, continuously operated flow reactor systems are designed. Different catalysts are tested for reactivity, selectivity and stability and the influence of the operating conditions is investigated. Catalyst ...
High resolution, in-situ controlled atmosphere transmission electron microscopy (CATEM) of heterogeneous catalysts |...High resolution, in-situ controlled atmosphere transmission electron microscopy (CATEM) of heterogeneous catalysts |...
A catalyst has been imaged with lattice resolution whilst surrounded by flowing gas, using a specially constructed in-situ cell for an electron microscope. This advancement demonstrates the...
Transition metal catalysts (Topic) - Rensselaer LibrariesTransition metal catalysts (Topic) - Rensselaer Libraries
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Featured products from Shanghai Runwu Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Noble metal catalysts,Organic intermediates,OLED/PLED...Featured products from Shanghai Runwu Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Noble metal catalysts,Organic intermediates,OLED/PLED...
We are leading supplier of Noble metal catalysts,Organic intermediates,OLED/PLED,Pharmaceutical Intermedicates/APIa,Food and feed additives, enjoy best price and best buy at Shanghai Runwu Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.
Compatibility of NOx and PM Abatement in Diesel Catalysts - SAE InternationalCompatibility of NOx and PM Abatement in Diesel Catalysts - SAE International
Stringent new emission regulations pose challenges for the development of diesel catalyst technology. Future 4-way catalyst technology must provide for the simultaneous control of CO, HC, NOx and particulate matter (PM). Since NOx abatement is a reduction process while control of CO, HC and PM emissions requires catalytic oxidation, it is difficult to simultaneously control all four regulated pollutants under the oxidizing conditions found in diesel exhaust. New catalysts for lean NOx control have been developed for systems that operate with injection of reductant (active systems) and without injection of reductant (passive systems).In this study, two experimental catalysts which have potential as lean NOx catalysts, Pt/ZSM-5 and an Ir catalyst, were evaluated under both passive and active conditions. Conditions required for simultaneous PM and NOx abatement are discussed for a lean NOx + a conventional diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) system. It was found that a Pt/ZSM-5 catalyst with mild HC ...
Decoupling the Interactions of Hydrocarbons and Oxides of Nitrogen Over Diesel Oxidation CatalystsDecoupling the Interactions of Hydrocarbons and Oxides of Nitrogen Over Diesel Oxidation Catalysts
Oxidation of NO to NO₂ over a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) plays an important role in different types of aftertreatment systems, by enhancing NOx storage on adsorber catalysts, improving the NOx reduction efficiency of SCR catalysts, and enabling the passive regeneration of Diesel Particulate Fil
Preparation and Microstructural Characterization of Pt-Pd Bimetallic Catalysts Supported on TiO2.Preparation and Microstructural Characterization of Pt-Pd Bimetallic Catalysts Supported on TiO2.
Nanoparticles, specially metallic nanoparticles finely dispersed onto high surface area supports, play an important role in heterogeneous catalysis because the performance of a supported metal catalyst can be related to design, which is most crucial for the development of novel catalytic processes. It requires some understanding of the mechanism of the catalytic reaction, and knowledge of the crucial properties which determine the activity, selectivity and lifetime of the catalyst. Studies of the interrelationship between structural and chemical properties of solid materials and their catalytic properties. These studies are frequently carried out using specially prepared model catalysts which are amenable to analysis with modern surface analytical methods providing structural and chemical information on molecular scale, as TEM attach with X-EDS. Various techniques and concepts of solid state and surface chemistry are applied for modifying and synthesizing catalyst materials with the required structural
Differences between catalysts and enzymes - sanjays BlogDifferences between catalysts and enzymes - sanjay's Blog
Enzymes and catalysts both affect the rate of a reaction. In fact, all known enzymes are catalysts, but not all catalysts are enzymes. The difference between catalysts and enzymes is that enzymes are largely organic in nature and are bio-catalysts, while non-enzymatic catalysts can be inorganic compounds. Neither catalysts nor enzymes are consumed in the…
Impact of Ce-Fe synergism on the catalytic behaviour of Au/CeO2-FeOx/Al2O3 for pure H2 production - Surrey Research Insight...Impact of Ce-Fe synergism on the catalytic behaviour of Au/CeO2-FeOx/Al2O3 for pure H2 production - Surrey Research Insight...
In this work the development of a series of gold catalysts, essentially based on γ-alumina promoted with a small superficial fraction of Ce-Fe mixed oxides, is reported. The catalytic behaviour is evaluated in the water gas shift reaction. The formation of a Ce-Fe solid solution is evidenced by XRD and related to the catalytic activity where the importance of the Ce-Fe interaction is demonstrated. The best catalyst reached CO conversions very close to the equilibrium limit. A long-term stability test is performed and the loss of activity is observed and attributed to reaction intermediates. Almost complete recovery of the initial conversion is achieved after oxidation treatment, suggesting that the problem of stability could be overcome by a suitable change in the reaction parameters thus leading to a highly efficient catalyst for future applications in H2 production and clean-up. ...
Electron and proton transfer in acid-base catalysis, Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry | 10.1134/S107042720706016X | DeepDyveElectron and proton transfer in acid-base catalysis, Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry | 10.1134/S107042720706016X | DeepDyve
Read "Electron and proton transfer in acid-base catalysis, Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
Definition of catalysis - Definition.orgDefinition of catalysis - Definition.org
Definitions of catalysis. What is catalysis: The action of a catalyst, especially an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction.. Synonyms: decay, dissolution, nucleation, oxygenase, catalytic, catalyze, esterification, cofactors, catalyst, catalyst, catalyzer, catalyses, hydrolysis, degeneration, heterogeneous catalysis, homogeneous catalysis
16th Korea-Japan Symposium on Catalysis16th Korea-Japan Symposium on Catalysis
We are pleased to announce that the 16th Korea-Japan Symposium on Catalysis (KJSC) will be held at KADERU 2-7 in Sapporo, Japan from May 15 to 17, 2017. This symposium has been held in every two years since 1987 between the two countries, so that 16th KJSC will be as the 30th Anniversary Memorial. The main objective of the symposium is to exchange the latest researches on catalysis and to promote friendship among catalyst scientists and engineers in Korea and Japan. The symposium will cover the fundamental and applied researches on catalyst and reaction engineering for a wide range of applications, such as petrochemical process, sustainable energy production (photocatalyst, biomass and fuel cells) and environmental catalyst. We look forward to welcoming you to an inspiring and enjoyable program in Sapporo, Japan ...
Cu-substituted MnCuxAl(2-x)O(4): A new catalyst for NO reduction and oxidation of CO, NH3, CH4 and C3H8 - ePrints@IIScCu-substituted MnCuxAl(2-x)O(4): A new catalyst for NO reduction and oxidation of CO, NH3, CH4 and C3H8 - [email protected]
Cu-substituted MnCuAl2O4, (x = 0-1) spinels synthesized by the solution combustion method catalyse the oxidation of CO, NH3 and hydrocarbons and the reduction of NO. The catalytic activity varies with the composition and the oxide with x = 0.75 exhibits the highest catalytic activity. However, the catalyst with x = 0.5 shows the highest N-2-selectivity of 80% up to 700degreesC for ammonia oxidation. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NH3 in the presence of excess O-2 over x = 0.75 catalyst shows over 70% N-2-selectivity above 300degreesC. Spinel structure of the catalyst is retained after the reactions. Hydrogen uptake studies show that at similar to 300degreesC oxygen storage capacity is over 110 ml/g, which corresponds to about 20% of the lattice oxygen. High catalytic activity is attributed to the occurrence of both Cu2+-Cu-0 and Mn2+-Mn3+ redox couples created due to unique substitution of Cu2+, ion in Al3+ sites of this new material. ...
KAKEN - Research Projects | Development of highly effective catalyst for Beckmann rearrangement (KAKENHI-PROJECT-06453101)KAKEN - Research Projects | Development of highly effective catalyst for Beckmann rearrangement (KAKENHI-PROJECT-06453101)
Principal Investigator：YASHIMA Tatsuaki, Project Period (FY)：1994 - 1995, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B), Research Field：触媒・化学プロセス
Protein Catalysis - Herschlag LabProtein Catalysis - Herschlag Lab
Whereas enzymes are widely renowned for the exquisite specificity, we showed that enzymes also have low levels of catalysis for alternative reactions, an observation we described as catalytic promiscuity.. Catalytic promiscuity has been a key driver in the evolution of new enzymes, providing a head start and selective advantage for enzymes already possessing a low level of advantageous activity.. Catalytic promiscuity provides a powerful tool for addressing evolutionary and mechanistic questions. We are exploiting catalytic promiscuity across an enzyme superfamily to gain an understanding of the fundamental underpinnings of catalysis. Unlike traditional site-directed mutagenesis, experiments that are often limited to studying a single reaction catalyzed by an individual enzyme, we are using a comparative approach to ask not simply what the consequence is of removing a particular side chain, but how that removal and change in the side chain affects normal and promiscuous reactions. Because the ...
Catalysis - ::conceptsCatalysis - ::concepts
Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalyst.,ref name="IUPACc",http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html,/ref, With a catalyst, reactions occur faster and require less activation energy. Because catalysts are not consumed in the catalyzed reaction, they can continue to catalyze the reaction of further quantities of reactant. Often only tiny amounts are required.,ref,7 things you may not know about catalysis Louise Lerner, Argonne National Laboratory (2011),/ref, ...
Carboxyl intermediate formation via an in situ-generated metastable active site during water-gas shift catalysis<...Carboxyl intermediate formation via an in situ-generated metastable active site during water-gas shift catalysis<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Carboxyl intermediate formation via an in situ-generated metastable active site during water-gas shift catalysis. AU - Nelson, Nicholas C.. AU - Nguyen, Manh Thuong. AU - Glezakou, Vassiliki Alexandra. AU - Rousseau, Roger. AU - Szanyi, János. PY - 2019/10/1. Y1 - 2019/10/1. N2 - Definitive experimental proof for catalytic pathways and active sites during the low-temperature water-gas shift reaction remains elusive. Herein, we combine spectroscopic, kinetic and computational analyses to address the decades-long mechanistic controversy by studying the reverse water-gas shift over Pd/Al2O3. Isotopic transient kinetic analysis established the minor role of the formate intermediate, whereas hydrogen titration experiments confirmed the intermediacy of carboxyl. The ability to decouple the parallel formate and carboxyl pathways led to the identification of a distinct active site that exhibits regio- and chemoselective hydrogen addition to CO2 to yield the carboxyl intermediate. The ...
Multifunctional Mixed Oxides for Separation and Catalysis----中国科学院大连化学物理研究所Multifunctional Mixed Oxides for Separation and Catalysis----中国科学院大连化学物理研究所
报告摘要：. Mixed oxides are widely employed as heterogeneous catalysts for selective oxidation reactions. Compared to the oxygen activation in packed bed reactors, the activation of oxygen is separated from the catalytic reactions in the oxygen transporting membrane reactor, and the selective supply of oxygen species can be finely controlled. In this talk, the selective oxidation reactions over the membrane surface and the conventional oxide catalysts will be discussed.. 江教授简介：. 江河清，研究员，博士生导师，中组部青年千人计划入选者，现任中科院青岛生物能源与过程研究所节能膜技术中心主任。2004年在河南大学毕业后进入中科院长春应用化学研究所工作。2007至2013年先后在德国汉诺威大学和马普学会煤炭研究所进行学习和工作。目前主要研究膜分离及催化功能材料，并开发它们在能源与环境方面的应用。发表学术论文40余篇，相关工作多次被Angew. Chem. ...
rcs6science - Chem Equationsrcs6science - Chem Equations
Catalysts: catalysts are substances that change the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed in the reaction. Catalysts are most often used to speed up a chemical reaction. They do this by changing the steps needed between the reactants and the formation of the products. If the number of steps can be reduced, the reaction rate should increase ...
Enzymic Catalysis (Modern Perspectives in Biology) by John Westley: Joanna Cotler Books 9780060470159 Paperback - OwlsBooksEnzymic Catalysis (Modern Perspectives in Biology) by John Westley: Joanna Cotler Books 9780060470159 Paperback - OwlsBooks
AbeBooks.com: Enzymic Catalysis (Modern Perspectives in Biology): Spine creases, wear to binding and pages from reading. May contain limited notes, underlining or highlighting that does affect the text. Possible ex library copy, thatâ ll have the markings and stickers associated from the library. Accessories such as CD, codes, toys, may not be included.
Session: #539 - Fundamentals of Supported Catalysis IV (20050)Session: #539 - Fundamentals of Supported Catalysis IV (20050)
Silica and Alumina Pd-Sn Catalysts : Correlations Between Structure and Surface Properties of the Catalysts and Their Catalytic Performances in Citral ...
OrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
CatalysisBiocatalysisKineticsCatalytic DomainModels, MolecularSubstrate SpecificityBinding SitesCrystallography, X-RayMutagenesis, Site-DirectedMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceProtein ConformationEscherichia coliModels, ChemicalHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationRNA, CatalyticHydrolysisHistidineMolecular StructureProtein Structure, TertiaryProtein BindingStructure-Activity RelationshipRecombinant ProteinsAntibodies, CatalyticOxidation-ReductionStereoisomerismSequence Homology, Amino AcidHydrogen BondingBase SequenceMutationAmino Acid SubstitutionEnzyme StabilityEnzymesAspartic AcidMetalsProtein Structure, SecondaryThermodynamicsMagnesiumSequence AlignmentCysteineProtonsMolecular ConformationBacterial ProteinsConserved SequenceCloning, MolecularOxidoreductasesAdenosine TriphosphateSpectrophotometryLysineProton-Translocating ATPasesNucleic Acid ConformationManganeseNADPFlavinsTemperatureArginineAlkenesProtein Structure, QuaternaryCyclizationDimerizationFlavin-Adenine DinucleotideDiethyl PyrocarbonateCrystallizationIminesNADAsparaginePhosphatesCircular DichroismChemistry, OrganicLewis AcidsElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyHemePalladiumMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyZincEscherichia coli ProteinsOxygenQuantum TheoryCobamidesEnzyme ActivationSpectrophotometry, UltravioletProtein FoldingAlanineHydrogenWaterIsomerismElectronsCations, DivalentSulfhydryl CompoundsChorismate MutaseStatic ElectricityDNA PrimersAldehydesOxygenasesAlkadienesLigandsCoenzymesKetonesPhosphinesHydrolasesTryptophanAldehyde-LyasesAmino Acid MotifsGeobacillus stearothermophilusGlutamic AcidThiamine PyrophosphateSolventsMixed Function OxygenasesMutagenesisMultienzyme ComplexesPyridoxal PhosphateSpectrometry, FluorescenceOrganic Chemistry PhenomenaEstersSaccharomyces cerevisiaeFlavin MononucleotideChromatography, High Pressure LiquidTyrosineApoenzymesAcylationElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelProtein SubunitsGlutamineIronAllosteric RegulationPoint MutationSerineDNASteroid IsomerasesCrystallographyDisulfidesLyasesAlcohol OxidoreductasesHydro-LyasesMutant ProteinsDeuteriumNucleotidesEnzyme InhibitorsAdenosine MonophosphateMolecular Dynamics SimulationHydroxylationAmino AcidsOrganophosphorus CompoundsIsomerasesCattleHalogenationThermotoga maritimaAminationIonsAdenosine DiphosphateIsoenzymesMacromolecular SubstancesPeroxidasesNuclear Magnetic Resonance, BiomolecularCobaltElectron TransportCoenzyme APhosphoric Triester HydrolasesNucleotidyltransferasesChorismic AcidFree RadicalsAmino Acid IsomerasesAmidohydrolasesProtein EngineeringGlycineHydroxylaminePlasmidsEndoribonucleasesRibonuclease PMetalloproteinsMethyltransferasesCarbonic Anhydrase IISulfurtransferasesTitrimetryS-AdenosylmethionineDithioniteModels, BiologicalStructural Homology, ProteinNonheme Iron ProteinsDNA, CatalyticEnzyme ReactivatorsTransition ElementsRibulose-Bisphosphate CarboxylasePhosphoribosyl PyrophosphateClostridium sticklandiiTransketolaseSpectrum AnalysisAlkynesPyrophosphatasesOxygen IsotopesEpoxy CompoundsCarbon-Nitrogen LigasesHydrogenationCarbon-Carbon LyasesFerrous CompoundsChromatography, GelAlkyl and Aryl TransferasesNitrophenols4-Hydroxybenzoate-3-MonooxygenaseCopperDecarboxylation
Activated carbonActivated carbon
Heterogeneous catalysis[edit]. The most commonly encountered form of chemisorption in industry, occurs when a solid catalyst ... a b Philippe Serp, José Luis Figueiredo, Carbon Materials for Catalysis, Wiley, - 2009, - 550 p. ... Applied Catalysis A: General. 335 (2): 241-251. doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2007.11.029.. ... Catalysis Communications. 27: 33-37. doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2012.06.018.. ...
Metal phosphine complexMetal phosphine complex
Applications to homogeneous catalysis[edit]. One of the first applications of phosphine ligands in catalysis was the use of ... 4 Applications to homogeneous catalysis. *5 Complexes of other organophosphorus ligands *5.1 Complexes of primary and secondary ... Tolman, C. A. (1977). "Steric Effects of Phosphorus Ligands in Organometallic Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis". Chem. Rev. ... Because of these two features, metal phosphine complexes are useful in homogeneous catalysis.[1] Prominent examples of metal ...
DeoxyribozymeDeoxyribozyme
Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic. 28 (4-6): 155-166. doi:10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.01.016. Archived from the original ( ... "True" catalysis?[edit]. Because most deoxyribozymes suffer from product inhibition and thus exhibit single-turnover behavior, ... Other uses of DNA in chemistry are in DNA-templated synthesis, Enantioselective catalysis,[43] DNA nanowires and DNA computing. ... García-Fernández A, Roelfez G (2012). "Chapter 9. Enantioselective catalysis at the DNA Scaffold". In Sigel A, Sigel H, Sigel ...
AcidAcid
... catalysis. Main article: Acid catalysis. Acids are used as catalysts in industrial and organic chemistry; for example, ...
Organometallic chemistryOrganometallic chemistry
Catalysis[edit]. Organometallic complexes are commonly used in catalysis. Major industrial processes include hydrogenation, ... Leeuwen, Piet W.N.M. van (2004). Homogeneous catalysis : understanding the art. Dordrecht: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-3176-2.. ... P. W.N.M. van Leeuwen "Homogeneous Catalysis: Understanding the Art, 2004 Kluwer, Dordrecht. ISBN 1-4020-2000-7 ... The world's polyethylene and polypropylene are produced via both heterogeneously via Ziegler-Natta catalysis and homogeneously ...
MagnetiteMagnetite
Catalysis[edit]. Magnetite is the catalyst for the industrial synthesis of ammonia.[45] It is also used to catalyze the ...
ProteaseProtease
Catalysis[edit]. Catalysis is achieved by one of two mechanisms: *Aspartic, glutamic and metallo- proteases activate a water ... In a second step, water is activated to hydrolyse this intermediate and complete catalysis. Other enzyme residues (not shown) ... This covalent acyl-enzyme intermediate is then hydrolysed by activated water to complete catalysis by releasing the second half ...
Alkali-silica reactionAlkali-silica reaction
Catalysis of ASR by NaOH or KOH[edit]. However, the ASR reaction significantly differs from the pozzolanic reaction by the fact ... and this greatly facilitates the catalysis process because the reaction in aqueous solution occurs much faster than in the dry ... so that the catalysis mechanism becomes negligible. ... 1.1 Catalysis of ASR by NaOH or KOH. *1.2 Analogy with the soda ...
CatalysisCatalysis
Tandem catalysis[edit]. In tandem catalysis two or more different catalysts are coupled in a one-pot reaction. ... Catalysis impacts the environment by increasing the efficiency of industrial processes, but catalysis also plays a direct role ... Catalysis is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst[1] (/ˈkætəlɪst ... a Father of Catalysis". ACS Catalysis: 8531-8539. doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b02310.. ...
Microwave chemistryMicrowave chemistry
Catalysis[edit]. Application of MW heating to heterogeneous catalysis reactions has not been explored intensively due to ... Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 33, (2), 137-148 *^ http://www.isis.rl.ac.uk/isis2005/reports/15301.PDF[permanent dead link ... "Heterogeneous catalysis under microwave heating" (PDF). La Chimica & L'Industria. Società Chimica Italiana (4): 78-80. ...
Organofluorine chemistryOrganofluorine chemistry
Fluorocarbon anions in Ziegler-Natta catalysis[edit]. Fluorine-containing compounds are often featured in noncoordinating or ... and reagents in catalysis. In addition to these applications, some organofluorine compounds are pollutants because of their ... are useful in Ziegler-Natta catalysis and related alkene polymerization methodologies. The fluorinated substituents render the ...
Organosilver chemistryOrganosilver chemistry
Catalysis[edit]. In catalysis silver is active as silver oxide in the Wolff rearrangement. Silver nitrate is used to separate ... The chemistries have much in common but organosilver catalysis is much less common (mostly academic study) than organocopper ...
Chorismate mutaseChorismate mutase
Mechanism of catalysis[edit]. The conversion of chorismate to prephenate is the first committed step in the pathway to the ... The presence of chorismate mutase increases the rate of the reaction a million fold.[6] In the absence of enzyme catalysis this ... The data obtained suggests that effective catalysis is derived from stabilization of both the NAC and transition state.[10] ... and thereby promotes catalysis. As a result, there is no formal intermediate, but rather a pseudo-diaxial chair-like transition ...
Silver nanoparticleSilver nanoparticle
Catalysis[edit]. Using silver nanoparticles for catalysis has been gaining attention in recent years. Although the most common ... 3.1 Catalysis *3.1.1 Supported on silica spheres - reduction of dyes. *3.1.2 Mesoporous aerogel - selective oxidation of ... With this in mind, it is important to note that heterogeneous catalysis takes place by adsorption of the reactant species to ... NOTE: This paragraph is a general description of nanoparticle properties for catalysis; it is not exclusive to silver ...
Thorium dioxideThorium dioxide
Catalysis[edit]. Thorium dioxide has almost no value as a commercial catalyst, but such applications have been well ...
Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chlorideTris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride
Ru(bpy)3]2+ and photoredox catalysis[edit]. Photoredox catalysis using combination of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ catalyst and visible light ... J. M. R. Narayanam; C. R. J. Stephenson (2011). "Visible light photoredox catalysis: applications in organic synthesis". Chem. ... Romero, Nathan A.; Nicewicz, David A. (10 June 2016). "Organic Photoredox Catalysis". Chemical Reviews. 116 (17): 10075-10166. ... F. Teply (2011). "Photoredox catalysis by [Ru(bpy)3]2+ to trigger transformations of organic molecules. Organic synthesis using ...
MacromoleculeMacromolecule
Proteins are optimised for catalysis[edit]. Proteins are functional macromolecules responsible for catalysing the biochemical ...
Chemical reactionChemical reaction
In catalysis, the reaction does not proceed directly, but through reaction with a third substance known as catalyst. Although ... In heterogeneous catalysis, typical secondary processes include coking where the catalyst becomes covered by polymeric side ... Of particular importance in heterogeneous catalysis are the platinum group metals and other transition metals, which are used ... acid/base catalysis), electrostatic interactions and many others.[57] ...
Non-stoichiometric compoundNon-stoichiometric compound
Oxidation catalysis[edit]. Many useful compounds are produced by the reactions of hydrocarbons with oxygen, a conversion that ...
Water-gas shift reactionWater-gas shift reaction
"Water Gas Shift Catalysis". Catalysis Reviews. 51 (3): 325-440. doi:10.1080/01614940903048661. Smith R J, Byron; Muruganandam ... King, A. D.; King, R. B.; Yang, D. B., "Homogeneous catalysis of the water gas shift reaction using iron pentacarbonyl", J. Am ... ISBN 0-471-49926-9. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link) Callaghan, Caitlin (2006). "Kinetics and catalysis of the water- ... Jacobs, G.; B. H. Davis (2007). "Low temperature water-gas shift catalysts". Catalysis. 20: 122-285. doi:10.1039/B601305H. ...
Donald E. PearsonDonald E. Pearson
This literally opened up a new branch of chemistry research...Catalysis... and had enormous import at the time in the burgening ...
ClariantClariant
The company is focused on four business areas: care chemicals (consumer and industrial); catalysis; natural resources (oil & ...
Octave BoudouardOctave Boudouard
Kemball, Charles; Dowden, D. A. (1978-01-01). Catalysis:. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-85186-544-7. Retrieved ...
Spectator ionSpectator ion
Catalysis. ...
RNA worldRNA world
Catalysis. The ability to catalyze simple chemical reactions-which would enhance creation of molecules that are building blocks ... Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis. 352 (13): 2227-2232. doi:10.1002/adsc.201000178.. ...
OrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
CatalysisBiocatalysisKineticsCatalytic DomainModels, MolecularSubstrate SpecificityBinding SitesCrystallography, X-RayMutagenesis, Site-DirectedMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceProtein ConformationEscherichia coliModels, ChemicalHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationRNA, CatalyticHydrolysisHistidineMolecular StructureProtein Structure, TertiaryProtein BindingStructure-Activity RelationshipRecombinant ProteinsAntibodies, CatalyticOxidation-ReductionStereoisomerismSequence Homology, Amino AcidHydrogen BondingBase SequenceMutationAmino Acid SubstitutionEnzyme StabilityEnzymesAspartic AcidMetalsProtein Structure, SecondaryThermodynamicsMagnesiumSequence AlignmentCysteineProtonsMolecular ConformationBacterial ProteinsConserved SequenceCloning, MolecularOxidoreductasesAdenosine TriphosphateSpectrophotometryLysineProton-Translocating ATPasesNucleic Acid ConformationManganeseNADPFlavinsTemperatureArginineAlkenesProtein Structure, QuaternaryCyclizationDimerizationFlavin-Adenine DinucleotideDiethyl PyrocarbonateCrystallizationIminesNADAsparaginePhosphatesCircular DichroismChemistry, OrganicLewis AcidsElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyHemePalladiumMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyZincEscherichia coli ProteinsOxygenQuantum TheoryCobamidesEnzyme ActivationSpectrophotometry, UltravioletProtein FoldingAlanineHydrogenWaterIsomerismElectronsCations, DivalentSulfhydryl CompoundsChorismate MutaseStatic ElectricityDNA PrimersAldehydesOxygenasesAlkadienesLigandsCoenzymesKetonesPhosphinesHydrolasesTryptophanAldehyde-LyasesAmino Acid MotifsGeobacillus stearothermophilusGlutamic AcidThiamine PyrophosphateSolventsMixed Function OxygenasesMutagenesisMultienzyme ComplexesPyridoxal PhosphateSpectrometry, FluorescenceOrganic Chemistry PhenomenaEstersSaccharomyces cerevisiaeFlavin MononucleotideChromatography, High Pressure LiquidTyrosineApoenzymesAcylationElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelProtein SubunitsGlutamineIronAllosteric RegulationPoint MutationSerineDNASteroid IsomerasesCrystallographyDisulfidesLyasesAlcohol OxidoreductasesHydro-LyasesMutant ProteinsDeuteriumNucleotidesEnzyme InhibitorsAdenosine MonophosphateMolecular Dynamics SimulationHydroxylationAmino AcidsOrganophosphorus CompoundsIsomerasesCattleHalogenationThermotoga maritimaAminationIonsAdenosine DiphosphateIsoenzymesMacromolecular SubstancesPeroxidasesNuclear Magnetic Resonance, BiomolecularCobaltElectron TransportCoenzyme APhosphoric Triester HydrolasesNucleotidyltransferasesChorismic AcidFree RadicalsAmino Acid IsomerasesAmidohydrolasesProtein EngineeringGlycineHydroxylaminePlasmidsEndoribonucleasesRibonuclease PMetalloproteinsMethyltransferasesCarbonic Anhydrase IISulfurtransferasesTitrimetryS-AdenosylmethionineDithioniteModels, BiologicalStructural Homology, ProteinNonheme Iron ProteinsDNA, CatalyticEnzyme ReactivatorsTransition ElementsRibulose-Bisphosphate CarboxylasePhosphoribosyl PyrophosphateClostridium sticklandiiTransketolaseSpectrum AnalysisAlkynesPyrophosphatasesOxygen IsotopesEpoxy CompoundsCarbon-Nitrogen LigasesHydrogenationCarbon-Carbon LyasesFerrous CompoundsChromatography, GelAlkyl and Aryl TransferasesNitrophenols4-Hydroxybenzoate-3-MonooxygenaseCopperDecarboxylation
Catalysis - WikipediaCatalysis - Wikipedia
Tandem catalysis[edit]. In tandem catalysis two or more different catalysts are coupled in a one-pot reaction. ... Catalysis impacts the environment by increasing the efficiency of industrial processes, but catalysis also plays a direct role ... Catalysis is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst[1] (/ˈkætəlɪst ... a Father of Catalysis". ACS Catalysis: 8531-8539. doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b02310.. ...
en.wikipedia.org
Applied CatalysisApplied Catalysis
... Group. The Applied Catalysis Group is one of the many RSC Interest Groups and exists to bring together and ... The Applied Catalysis Group also has bursaries available specifically for members attending the European Congress on Catalysis ... MyRSC Applied Catalysis Group You will be required to register for MyRSC, then you can sign up to become a member of this group ... We also have an online community for anyone interested in catalysis based on MyRSC. Get Involved. We are always looking for new ...
rsc.org
Catalysis eventsCatalysis events
... Featured events. Carbon Dioxide Utilisation: Faraday Discussion. 7 - 9 April 2021, Sheffield, United Kingdom ... Sep 06 2020 XXII International Symposium on Homogeneous Catalysis (XXII ISHC) to be held on 6-11 September 2020 in Lisbon ... Lisbon, Portugal XXII International Symposium on Homogeneous Catalysis (XXII ISHC) to be held on ... Lisbon, Portugal ... Reaction mechanisms in catalysis: Faraday Discussion. 17 - 19 February 2021, London, United Kingdom ...
rsc.org
Subscribe to Nature CatalysisSubscribe to Nature Catalysis
Nature Catalysis provides coverage of the science and business of catalysis research, creating a unique journal for scientists ... publishing work on homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, and biocatalysts, incorporating both fundamental and applied ... Nature Catalysis brings together researchers from across all chemistry and related fields, ...
nature.com
Inhibitor | catalysis | BritannicaInhibitor | catalysis | Britannica
This phenomenon, properly termed inhibition or retardation, is sometimes called negative catalysis. Concentrations of the ... catalysis: …a foreign substance, called an inhibitor, decreases the rate of a chemical reaction. ... In catalysis. …a foreign substance, called an inhibitor, decreases the rate of a chemical reaction. This phenomenon, properly ... termed inhibition or retardation, is sometimes called negative catalysis. Concentrations of the inhibitor may in some cases be ...
britannica.com
Bioinorganic catalysis | SpringerLinkBioinorganic catalysis | SpringerLink
Bioinorganic catalysis. Second Edition, Revised and Expanded Edited by Jan Reedijk and Elisabeth Bouwman Marcel Dekker, Inc., ...
link.springer.com
Catalysis | Series | SpringerCatalysis | Series | Springer
This book series publishes monographs and edited books on all areas of molecular catalysis, including heterogeneous catalysis, ... Molecular Catalysis van Leeuwen, P. W. (Ed), Claver, C. (Ed) ... Catalysis , Series. This selection contains titles in Catalysis ... Catalysis by Metal Complexes Claver, C. (Ed), van Leeuwen, P. W. (Ed) ...
springer.com
Catalysis | NSF - National Science FoundationCatalysis | NSF - National Science Foundation
Catalysis aimed at closing the carbon cycle (especially conversion of CO2, methane, and natural gas to fuels and chemical ... The Catalysis program is part of the Chemical Process Systems cluster, which also includes 1) Electrochemical Systems; 2) ... Heterogeneous catalysis represents the main thrust of the program. Proposals related to both gas-solid and liquid-solid ... Renewable energy-related catalysis with applications in electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and catalytic conversion of biomass- ...
nsf.gov
Catalysis | NSF - National Science FoundationCatalysis | NSF - National Science Foundation
Catalysis aimed at closing the carbon cycle (especially conversion of CO2, methane, and natural gas to fuels and chemical ... Heterogeneous catalysis and biocatalysis represent the main thrusts of the program. Proposals related to both gas-solid and ... NOTE: For catalysis proposals involving aspects of sustainable chemistry, consider making proposal submissions to this program ... The goal of the Catalysis and Biocatalysis program is to advance research in catalytic engineering science and promote the ...
nsf.gov
Catalysis - Catalysis | Last.fmCatalysis - Catalysis | Last.fm
Catalysis (Nothing Left, Cleansed and more). 5 tracks (20:33). Discover more music, concerts, videos, and pictures with the ...
last.fm
Catalysis | Chemistry | Subjects | WileyCatalysis | Chemistry | Subjects | Wiley
Looks like you are currently in United States but have requested a page in the Italy site. Would you like to change to the Italy site?. ...
wiley.com
Catalysis | Chemistry | Subjects | WileyCatalysis | Chemistry | Subjects | Wiley
Catalysis from A to Z: A Concise Encyclopedia, 5th Edition Boy Cornils, Wolfgang A. Herrmann, Jian-He Xu, Horst -Werner ...
wiley.com
Topics in Catalysis | HomeTopics in Catalysis | Home
Topics in Catalysis publishes topical collections in all fields of catalysis which are composed only of invited articles from ... Topics in Catalysis publishes topical collections in all fields of catalysis which are composed only of invited articles from ... Sister journal: Catalysis Letters Be sure to visit the homepage of our sister journal Catalysis Letters. ... Publishes in all fields of Catalysis. *Publishes special issues on themes of current interest in catalysis science and ...
springer.com
TJ KIM Energy & Environmental Catalysis LabTJ KIM Energy & Environmental Catalysis Lab
Energy & Environmental Catalysis Lab Our research group has focused on the "energy" and "environmental" related catalysis ...
sites.google.com
KIST Catalysis and Nanostructured Materials LaboratoryKIST Catalysis and Nanostructured Materials Laboratory
한국과학기술연구원(KIST) 불균일 촉매 연구실입니다. 불균일 촉매(heterogeneous catalyst)가 주연구분야이나, 균일 촉매(homogeneous catalyst), 화학적 전환 기술, 에어로젤, 유/무기 재료, 나노구조합성 등에 대한 연구도 수행하고 있습니다.
sites.google.com
Chemical Catalysis | NSF - National Science FoundationChemical Catalysis | NSF - National Science Foundation
The CAT Program does not support applied catalysis research focusing on engineering aspects of catalysis such as scale-up, ... The CAT Program also considers (but is not limited to) the following: polymerization catalysis, single site catalysis, ... Researchers focused on enzymatic or cellular catalysis should consult the Chemistry of Life Processes (CLP) Program. Catalysis ... organocatalysis, inorganic, organometallic, and photoredox catalysis, electrocatalysis, and biologically-inspired catalysis. ...
nsf.gov
Asymmetric Catalysis Special Feature | PNASAsymmetric Catalysis Special Feature | PNAS
Liqin Qiu, Jing Wu, Shusun Chan, Terry T.-L. Au-Yeung, Jian-Xin Ji, Rongwei Guo, Cheng-Chao Pai, Zhongyuan Zhou, Xingshu Li, Qing-Hua Fan, and Albert S. C. Chan ...
pnas.org
Energetics of enzyme catalysis | PNASEnergetics of enzyme catalysis | PNAS
Catalysis by dihydrofolate reductase and other enzymes arises from electrostatic preorganization, not conformational motions ... Structure and Catalysis of Acylaminoacyl Peptidase: CLOSED AND OPEN SUBUNITS OF A DIMER OLIGOPEPTIDASE ... Transition state theory can be used in studies of enzyme catalysis: lessons from simulations of tunnelling and dynamical ... Computer simulations of enzyme catalysis: Finding out what has been optimized by evolution ...
pnas.org
Purdue Catalysis CenterPurdue Catalysis Center
Careers in Catalysis Research. 10/17/18. FRNY 1043 4:30 to 6:00 PM. Guest Seminar: Dr. Mark Kaminsky from Aramco Research ... Michigan Catalysis Society Symposium. 5/9/2018. G140 4:00 PM. Guest Seminar: Dr. Kristen Kulinowski from the Chemical Safety ... Group meetings for the Purdue Catalysis Center are held every Wednesday from 4:30pm to 6:00pm. table.tableizer-table { font- ...
engineering.purdue.edu
Purdue Catalysis CenterPurdue Catalysis Center
Publication #1... (Use Journal of Catalysis style!, see below for examples. ALSO provide a link to the journal article!... and ...
engineering.purdue.edu
Inorganic Materials & CatalysisInorganic Materials & Catalysis
Catalysis for Renewable Energy Storage and (iii) Catalysis for Bio-Renewables. ... Heterogeneous catalysis significantly shapes society, as it plays a crucial role in the production of base chemicals, fuels for ... The Inorganic Materials & Catalysis (IMC) group investigates heterogeneous catalysts that are pivotal to clean and sustainable ... Inorganic Materials & Catalysis Establishing fundamental insight into structure-performance relations for heterogeneous ...
tue.nl
Tags Index | CatalysisTags Index | Catalysis
504th Brookhaven Lecture on Wednesday, 4/29: Catching Catalysis in the Act: In Situ Studies With X-Rays and Electrons. Friday ... Catching Catalysis in the Act: In Situ Studies With X-Rays and Electrons. April 29, 2015 ... Antagonistic Catalysis: Creating a Bifunctional and Tunable Acid-Base Catalyst. Thursday, March 29, 2012 ... Interface Science and Catalysis Group at Brookhavens Center for Functional Nanomaterials. December 5, 2016 ...
bnl.gov
Asymmetric catalysis - Latest research and news | NatureAsymmetric catalysis - Latest research and news | Nature
Asymmetric catalysis. Definition. Asymmetric catalysis is a type of catalysis in which a chiral catalyst directs the formation ... which proved to be efficient chiral ligands for asymmetric catalysis, through desymmetrization and kinetic resolution. ...
nature.com
Preface: Trends in Computational Catalysis | SpringerLinkPreface: Trends in Computational Catalysis | SpringerLink
Computation has continued to grow in significance in the field of catalysis. One routinely sees a wide range of relevant ... In this special issue, we present several current trends in computational catalysis, broadly organized in the areas of (1) ...
link.springer.com
Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Group | ORNLSurface Chemistry and Catalysis Group | ORNL
Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Group. The Surface Chemistry and Heterogeneous Catalysis Group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory ... A major portion of the groups basic research is aimed at research into the Fundamentals of Catalysis and Chemical ... Although perovskites have been widely used in catalysis, tuning of their surface termination to control reaction selectivity ... cooperative catalysis of hierarchically structured metal clusters and nanoparticles supported on oxides; electrocatalytic ...
ornl.gov
OrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
CatalysisBiocatalysisKineticsCatalytic DomainModels, MolecularSubstrate SpecificityBinding SitesCrystallography, X-RayMutagenesis, Site-DirectedMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceProtein ConformationEscherichia coliModels, ChemicalHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationRNA, CatalyticHydrolysisHistidineMolecular StructureProtein Structure, TertiaryProtein BindingStructure-Activity RelationshipRecombinant ProteinsAntibodies, CatalyticOxidation-ReductionStereoisomerismSequence Homology, Amino AcidHydrogen BondingBase SequenceMutationAmino Acid SubstitutionEnzyme StabilityEnzymesAspartic AcidMetalsProtein Structure, SecondaryThermodynamicsMagnesiumSequence AlignmentCysteineProtonsMolecular ConformationBacterial ProteinsConserved SequenceCloning, MolecularOxidoreductasesAdenosine TriphosphateSpectrophotometryLysineProton-Translocating ATPasesNucleic Acid ConformationManganeseNADPFlavinsTemperatureArginineAlkenesProtein Structure, QuaternaryCyclizationDimerizationFlavin-Adenine DinucleotideDiethyl PyrocarbonateCrystallizationIminesNADAsparaginePhosphatesCircular DichroismChemistry, OrganicLewis AcidsElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyHemePalladiumMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyZincEscherichia coli ProteinsOxygenQuantum TheoryCobamidesEnzyme ActivationSpectrophotometry, UltravioletProtein FoldingAlanineHydrogenWaterIsomerismElectronsCations, DivalentSulfhydryl CompoundsChorismate MutaseStatic ElectricityDNA PrimersAldehydesOxygenasesAlkadienesLigandsCoenzymesKetonesPhosphinesHydrolasesTryptophanAldehyde-LyasesAmino Acid MotifsGeobacillus stearothermophilusGlutamic AcidThiamine PyrophosphateSolventsMixed Function OxygenasesMutagenesisMultienzyme ComplexesPyridoxal PhosphateSpectrometry, FluorescenceOrganic Chemistry PhenomenaEstersSaccharomyces cerevisiaeFlavin MononucleotideChromatography, High Pressure LiquidTyrosineApoenzymesAcylationElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelProtein SubunitsGlutamineIronAllosteric RegulationPoint MutationSerineDNASteroid IsomerasesCrystallographyDisulfidesLyasesAlcohol OxidoreductasesHydro-LyasesMutant ProteinsDeuteriumNucleotidesEnzyme InhibitorsAdenosine MonophosphateMolecular Dynamics SimulationHydroxylationAmino AcidsOrganophosphorus CompoundsIsomerasesCattleHalogenationThermotoga maritimaAminationIonsAdenosine DiphosphateIsoenzymesMacromolecular SubstancesPeroxidasesNuclear Magnetic Resonance, BiomolecularCobaltElectron TransportCoenzyme APhosphoric Triester HydrolasesNucleotidyltransferasesChorismic AcidFree RadicalsAmino Acid IsomerasesAmidohydrolasesProtein EngineeringGlycineHydroxylaminePlasmidsEndoribonucleasesRibonuclease PMetalloproteinsMethyltransferasesCarbonic Anhydrase IISulfurtransferasesTitrimetryS-AdenosylmethionineDithioniteModels, BiologicalStructural Homology, ProteinNonheme Iron ProteinsDNA, CatalyticEnzyme ReactivatorsTransition ElementsRibulose-Bisphosphate CarboxylasePhosphoribosyl PyrophosphateClostridium sticklandiiTransketolaseSpectrum AnalysisAlkynesPyrophosphatasesOxygen IsotopesEpoxy CompoundsCarbon-Nitrogen LigasesHydrogenationCarbon-Carbon LyasesFerrous CompoundsChromatography, GelAlkyl and Aryl TransferasesNitrophenols4-Hydroxybenzoate-3-MonooxygenaseCopperDecarboxylation
CatalystsField of catalysisAcid-base cataBiocatalysisSynthesisCatalystCatalytic processes2018AsymmetricProcessesNanomaterialsPHASE-TRANSFERAreas of catalysisTopics in CatalysisJournal of CatalysisAspects of catalysisOrganometallic chemistryNature CatalysisPolymerization catalysisReactionsKineticsInorganic ChemistryResearchersFuel cell catalysisPurdue Catalysis CenterCardiff Catalysis InstituteOxidesResearchSymposiumChiralArea of catalysisFields of catalysisPhotocatalysisMechanismsEnzyme catalysisChemical CatalysisMolecular catalysisIndustrial CatalysisBiological catalysisAutomotive catalysisSustainableEnvironmental2020ChemicalsTheoreticalComputationalAdvancesFundamentalMainOxidation
Catalysts22
  • Our research group has focused on the "energy" and "environmental" related catalysis researches with the series of bulk and supported metal oxide catalysts (MO x and MO x /support. (google.com)
  • Examples of sustainable chemistry appropriate for the Chemical Catalysis (CAT) Program include, but are not limited to: the design, preparation and reactivity studies associated with new catalysts and catalytic processes to replace rare, and/or toxic compounds with earth-abundant and benign alternatives and advanced catalytic methods for the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia that will permit reductions in the energy requirements and greenhouse gas emissions. (nsf.gov)
  • Catalysis research with immediate objectives in the synthesis of complex natural products using established catalysts should be submitted to the Chemical Synthesis (SYN) Program. (nsf.gov)
  • The Inorganic Materials & Catalysis (IMC) group investigates heterogeneous catalysts that are pivotal to clean and sustainable chemical conversion processes for the production of fuels and chemicals. (tue.nl)
  • The Surface Chemistry and Heterogeneous Catalysis Group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory conducts research into surface chemistry and fundamentals of catalytic reactions at metal surfaces, metal oxide surfaces and supported metal catalysts. (ornl.gov)
  • The development of single atom catalysts lies at the frontier of catalysis and nanoscience and is rapidly gaining prominence in the drive towards atom-efficient chemical transformations. (rsc.org)
  • Interface science and catalysis already play an important role in all of these areas, but new catalysts providing improved reactivity and selectivity at dramatically reduced cost need to be developed to enable the required transformations of processes and economies on a global scale. (bnl.gov)
  • Our research program on Interface Science and Catalysis aims to discover and quantify nanoscale phenomena that can be exploited to boost the reactivity of future generations of energy-relevant catalysts, to enhance the efficiency of greenhouse gas capture and reforming processes, and for the controlled synthesis of novel high-performance materials. (bnl.gov)
  • Special topics in catalysis such as adsorption, catalyst preparation, homogeneous catalysis, inorganic and organometallic complexes as catalysts, mechanism of catalytic reactions, oxidation catalysis, will be studied as literature projects. (utwente.nl)
  • Oxides of nitrogen serve as catalysts for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide in the lead chamber process for producing sulfuric acid , an instance of homogeneous catalysis in which the catalyst and reactants are gases. (britannica.com)
  • Synergistic catalysis is a specialized approach to catalysis whereby at least two different catalysts act on two different substrates simultaneously to allow reaction between the two activated materials. (wikipedia.org)
  • Through the combination of two transition metal catalysts, synergistic catalysis has been reported to accelerate many chemical transformations, and even to induce high enantioselectivity, which could not be realized by the use individual catalysts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Besides using two transition metal catalysts, synergistic catalysis can also be carried out by utilizing one transition metal catalyst in combination with an organocatalyst. (wikipedia.org)
  • The contribution of catalysis to manufacturing adds up to almost 40% of global GDP--and the demand for such catalysts will only increase. (eurekalert.org)
  • A s this month's Industry Insider feature shows, catalysis, and the development of better and better catalysts, are extremely important to science-based industry. (sciencemag.org)
  • Kits contain sets of related catalysts, ligands, and scavengers with varying steric and electronic properties useful for rapid screening of catalysis conditions. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The Catalysis group, lead by Prof. Puurunen, develops new types of solid heterogeneous catalysts and evaluates their performance, aiming for fundamental understanding and structure-activity relationships. (aalto.fi)
  • Photoredox catalysis: A variety of organic transformations mediated by visible-light-active photoredox catalysts have been conducted in a photochemical flow reactor. (mit.edu)
  • This review article contains a reminder of the fundamentals of heterogeneous catalysis and a description of the main domains of heterogeneous catalysis and main families of metal oxide catalysts, which cover acid-base reactions, selective partial oxidation reactions, total oxidation reactions, depollution, biomass conversion, green chemistry and photocatalysis. (mdpi.com)
  • The field of catalysis in chemistry was historically dominated by the use of transition metal catalysts. (brighttalk.com)
  • Simone Hauser, Mirza Cokoja and Fritz Kühn explore recent developments in homogeneous epoxidation catalysts in this hot Catalysis Science & Technology Perspective. (rsc.org)
  • This includes "his major impact on contemporary catalytic science with pioneering studies of olefin polymerization, supported organometallic catalysts, metal-ligand bonding energetics and f-element catalysis. (northwestern.edu)
Field of catalysis7
Acid-base cata2
  • To explore the potential of perovskites in acid-base catalysis, we. (ornl.gov)
  • Brønsted studied a number of acid- and base-catalyzed reactions, including (1) the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester , ethyl orthoacetate, (2) the basic catalysis of nitramide decomposition (H 2 N-NO 2 → H 2 O + N 2 O), and (3) the acid-base catalysis of the conversion (mutarotation) of glucose to a closely related form. (britannica.com)
Biocatalysis5
Synthesis12
  • Heterogeneous catalysis significantly shapes society, as it plays a crucial role in the production of base chemicals, fuels for mobility and the synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. (tue.nl)
  • Here, the authors report the atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral arylpyrrole derivatives, which proved to be efficient chiral ligands for asymmetric catalysis, through desymmetrization and kinetic resolution. (nature.com)
  • The implementation of chiral iodine catalysis has tremendously been developed in the field of asymmetric synthesis over the past decade. (rsc.org)
  • It treats historical background, concepts (including structures of mono- and polymetallic complexes), molecular orbitals, reactivity, implications in biology and applications to organic synthesis and catalysis. (worldcat.org)
  • Subjects related to catalysis such as experimental techniques, adsorption , process technology , synthesis , in situ characterization, computational, theoretical modeling, imaging and others are included if there is a clear relationship to catalysis. (elsevier.com)
  • Work involves synthesis, testing and characterization of novel organometallic compounds for a wide range of applications particularly in the areas of both green homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. (uib.no)
  • This autumn SCI will bring together researchers from academia and industry to learn more about these emerging synthetic methods and how they have been used in fine chemical synthesis in a one-day meeting, Catalysis without Precious Metals . (soci.org)
  • Documents up-to-date developments in the study of catalysis and its applications to organic synthesis and industrial processes. (routledge.com)
  • The goal of the Asymmetric Catalysis and Photochemistry Research Line is to develop new general catalysis concepts and applying them to the synthesis of complex molecules and pharmaceuticals. (iit.it)
  • Heidelberg University's organic chemistry Professor A. Stephen K. Hashmi , gave a fascinating lecture on new aspects of gold catalysis applied to the synthesis of a variety of functional products. (rsc.org)
  • The programme includes synthesis of carbon nanofibres and nanotubes of different morphology and the use of CNF/CNT in applications such as heterogeneous catalysis, fuel cells and conversion and storage of energy. (ntnu.edu)
  • In London he led a research group in the field of inorganic synthesis and catalysis. (innovations-report.com)
Catalyst13
Catalytic processes3
  • The Chemical Catalysis (CAT) Program supports experimental and computational research directed towards the fundamental understanding of the chemistry of catalytic processes. (nsf.gov)
  • We are improving the understanding of catalysis, developing new catalytic processes with industry and promoting the use of catalysis as a sustainable 21st century technology. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • This book highlights many powerful examples of how catalysis can impact society and also how catalysis science is making use of the most advanced capabilities and techniques to shed light on how catalytic processes work. (eurekalert.org)
20181
Asymmetric3
Processes5
Nanomaterials1
  • Replacing noble metals using doped carbon nanomaterials in fuel cells, dehydrogenation reactions and in water treatment have been explored in a European project coordinated by the Catalysis group at NTNU. (ntnu.edu)
PHASE-TRANSFER1
  • This Research Topic aims to showcase cutting-edge research in the field of molecular recognition for catalytic purposes, spanning from phase transfer catalysis reactions to functional nanometric devices for supramolecular catalysis, although it is open to any example of catalysis in which supramolecular interactions play a role--for instance in product or substrate selectivity. (frontiersin.org)
Areas of catalysis2
Topics in Catalysis3
Journal of Catalysis4
Aspects of catalysis3
  • The CAT Program does not support applied catalysis research focusing on engineering aspects of catalysis such as scale-up, processing, transport dynamics, and long-term stability. (nsf.gov)
  • Both fundamental and applied aspects of catalysis are covered. (elsevier.com)
  • Written by more than 200 top scientists and with more than 15,000 entries on all aspects of catalysis, Catalysis from A to Z: A Concise Encyclopedia, 5th Edition is filled with figures, tables, cross-references, and references. (wiley-vch.de)
Organometallic chemistry3
Nature Catalysis2
Polymerization catalysis1
  • He is a leader in the development and understanding of single-site olefin polymerization catalysis (now a multibillion dollar industry) as well as in the study of new materials having remarkable electrical, mechanical, interfacial and photonic properties. (northwestern.edu)
Reactions5
  • The goal of the Catalysis program is to advance research in catalytic engineering science and promote fundamental understanding and the development of catalytic materials and reactions that are of benefit to society. (nsf.gov)
  • Quantitative studies of the energetics of enzymatic reactions and the corresponding reactions in aqueous solutions indicate that charge stabilization is the most important energy contribution in enzyme catalysis. (pnas.org)
  • The goal of "Interfaces and Catalysis" is to gain insight and understanding in the fundamental aspects of interfaces, colloidal systems and catalytic reactions and the use this knowledge in practice. (utwente.nl)
  • Modern Developments in Catalysis provides a unique learning opportunity for students and professionals studying and working towards speeding-up, improving and increasing the rate of catalytic reactions in science and industry. (eurekalert.org)
  • Sustainable Catalysis in Ionic Liquids provides an up-to-date overview of the relatively underexplored area of the use of room temperature ionic liquids as organocatalysts for a range of organic reactions, including polymerizations. (routledge.com)
Kinetics2
  • In this special issue, we present several current trends in computational catalysis, broadly organized in the areas of (1) adsorption and molecular interactions, (2) kinetics and mechanistic studies, and (3) new methodologies. (springer.com)
  • Interfaces and Catalysis starts with an empirical description of chemical kinetics and the relation with possible reaction mechanisms. (utwente.nl)
Inorganic Chemistry1
  • Douglas W. Stephan is a Professor at the University of Toronto and a world-leading researcher in inorganic chemistry/catalysis and the founder of the field of "frustrated Lewis pair" (FLP) chemistry. (brighttalk.com)
Researchers2
Fuel cell catalysis1
  • This session focuses on the use of computational methods such as quantum chemistry, Monte Carlo methods, molecular dynamics and microkinetic modeling in catalysis applications for the production of energy, including the thermochemical and electrochemical conversion of different feedstocks into fuels, and fuel cell catalysis. (aiche.org)
Purdue Catalysis Center1
  • Group meetings for the Purdue Catalysis Center are held every Wednesday from 4:30pm to 6:00pm. (purdue.edu)
Cardiff Catalysis Institute1
  • Graham J. Hutchings is the Director of the Cardiff Catalysis Institute and is the inaugural Director of the UK Catalysis Hub. (eurekalert.org)
Oxides1
Research23
  • The main research directions within the IMC group are captured in the subprogrammes: (i) Catalysis for C1 Chemistry, (ii) Catalysis for Renewable Energy Storage and (iii) Catalysis for Bio-Renewables. (tue.nl)
  • A major portion of the group's basic research is aimed at research into the Fundamentals of Catalysis and Chemical Transformations sponsored by the DOE's Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division. (ornl.gov)
  • Professor Hagen's teaching and research at the faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering focused on chemical reaction engineering and technical catalysis. (wiley-vch.de)
  • See the state-of-the-art equipment that enables our students and staff to drive catalysis research forward. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Special focus will be given the research lines of the Competence Centre for Catalysis. (chalmers.se)
  • The Catalysis Theory center is established with the ambition to become one of the leading research centers developing the theory of heterogeneous catalysis and electro-catalysis. (dtu.dk)
  • Successful candidates must be able to develop an independent, vibrant research portfolio in the general area of the Catalysis Theory Center. (dtu.dk)
  • The UK Catalysis Hub will coordinate and strengthen research efforts in catalytic science, allowing the UK to remain a world-leader in the field and tackle major global challenges. (eurekalert.org)
  • This month's Industry Insider resources page focuses on some of the European and national initiatives that aim to both promote catalysis research and get industry and academic scientists working together. (sciencemag.org)
  • The site also provides links to catalysis courses , academic groups carrying out catalysis research, and national catalysis societies . (sciencemag.org)
  • Read a lot more about catalysis research in the Netherlands in a special feature published in June 2002 by the American Chemical Society's magazine, Chemical and Engineering News . (sciencemag.org)
  • Our research interests center on the preparation and characterization of new coordination polymers/metal-organic framework with industrially relevant properties in catalysis, adsorption and separation, sensing properties and energy related applications. (uib.no)
  • The Dutch National Research School Combination Catalysis Controlled by Chemical Design (NRSC-Catalysis) brings together scientists from various key disciplines at nine Dutch universities in a long-term effort to extend the boundaries of our knowledge. (tue.nl)
  • The purpose of the Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium (SCC) is to promote the utilization of synchrotron techniques to perform cutting-edge catalysis nano-science research under in-situ conditions. (yu.edu)
  • Theme: Accelerating New Research & Innovations in chemistry and Catalysis. (conferencealerts.com)
  • The combination of the research expertise, the cutting-edge facilities and the complementary skills present in the consortium holds a great promise for the advancement of their careers, as well as of the knowledge of catalysis-based anticancer therapies and the development of marketable technologies and products. (europa.eu)
  • in order to transition chemistry to a more sustainable use of the world's limited resources, finding alternative strategies for catalysis is a major driving force in contemporary research. (brighttalk.com)
  • In this spirit, this webinar will feature talks about four areas of sustainable catalysis from leaders in their respective fields, highlighting state-of-the-art approaches and providing guidance for future developments in these areas of research. (brighttalk.com)
  • The development and application of novel concepts for sustainable catalysis constitutes his major current research interest, and he has a topical focus on C-H activation. (brighttalk.com)
  • Jointly organized by Italy's Research Council and Palermo's University, the 6th edition of the " FineCat - Symposium on heterogeneous catalysis for fine chemicals " was held in Sicily's Royal Palace in Palermo on April 5th . (rsc.org)
  • EVANSTON, Ill. --- Tobin J. Marks, Vladimir N. Ipatieff Research Professor of Chemistry in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences and Professor of Materials Science and Engineering in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science at Northwestern University, has received the 2009 Herman Pines Award from the Chicago Catalysis Society. (northwestern.edu)
  • The symposium will focus on key research challenges and the latest findings from research in molecular catalysis. (innovations-report.com)
  • Three world-renowned experts in catalysis research will deliver the plenary lectures: Prof. Dr. Douglas W. Stephan of the University of Toronto (Canada), Prof. Dr. Paul Knochel of Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich and Prof. Dr. Paul Chirik of Princeton University (USA). (innovations-report.com)
Symposium5
  • We are pleased to invite you to a full-day symposium on Environmental Catalysis. (chalmers.se)
  • The symposium will include oral as well as poster presentations on progress within Environmental Catalysis. (chalmers.se)
  • His poster entitled "Hydrogenation of Bio-Oil: A Thermodynamic Study " was awarded the best poster presentation prize - an online subscription to Catalysis Science & Technology , the RSC flagship catalysis journal with which the organisers of FineCat have partnered since the first edition of the Symposium in 2012. (rsc.org)
  • Marks will be honored May 18 at the Catalysis Club of Chicago Spring Symposium where he will deliver the keynote address. (northwestern.edu)
  • Catalysis represents one of the 21st century's key future technologies in chemistry," states Heidelberg chemist Prof. Dr. Oliver Trapp, who is jointly organising this year's symposium with BASF. (innovations-report.com)
Chiral1
Area of catalysis2
  • The successful candidate must have a PhD in physics, chemistry, chemical engineering, materials science or related areas and to have experience in the general area of catalysis for sustainable energy solutions. (dtu.dk)
  • Prof. Riikka Puurunen is frequently getting inquiries from outside Aalto University for whether there are master's thesis students available with knowledge on the area of catalysis. (aalto.fi)
Fields of catalysis1
  • In an inspirational lecture Professor Grader discussed the mechanisms discovered by his group to create the unique mesoporous core-shell architecture of nanostructured materials with multifunctional, specific properties - an highly desirable finding which facilitates new possibilities and applications in all fields of catalysis due to the combination of high surface to volume ratio and low mass transfer resistance to and from the catalytic sites. (rsc.org)
Photocatalysis3
Mechanisms1
  • Different models of intersystem crossing mechanisms and their manifestation by magnetic field effects in spin-catalysis will be considered. (europa.eu)
Enzyme catalysis1
  • However, despite substantial efforts from both the experimental and theoretical side, no real consensus has been reached regarding the origin of such large entropic contributions to enzyme catalysis. (diva-portal.org)
Chemical Catalysis1
Molecular catalysis1
  • The "Heidelberg Forum of Molecular Catalysis" will be held on 12 June 2015 from 1 pm to 6 pm in the main lecture hall of the Chemistry lecture building (Im Neuenheimer Feld 252). (innovations-report.com)
Industrial Catalysis1
  • What better place to start than with NICE , a Network for Industrial Catalysis in Europe? (sciencemag.org)
Biological catalysis2
  • Some principles of biological catalysis are demonstrated. (hhmi.org)
  • Links to and inspiration from related areas in homogeneous and biological catalysis are encouraged. (dtu.dk)
Automotive catalysis3
  • Rare earths compounds, especially CeO 2 , are widely used in automotive catalysis. (sae.org)
  • New Generation of Rare Earth Compounds for Automotive Catalysis," SAE Technical Paper 961906, 1996, https://doi.org/10.4271/961906 . (sae.org)
  • and Automotive Catalysis. (unt.edu)
Sustainable1
  • If the emphasis is on renewable or sustainable energy systems as a whole, with catalysis as a sub-component, submit to Energy for Sustainability (CBET 7644). (nsf.gov)
Environmental8
  • Catalysis is relevant to many aspects of environmental science , e.g. the catalytic converter in automobiles and the dynamics of the ozone hole . (wikipedia.org)
  • To promote heterogeneous, homogeneous & enzymatic catalysis in a wide range of applications which benefit society: energy, petrochemicals, industrial intermediates, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, consumer products & environmental protection. (rsc.org)
  • Target applications include fuels, specialty and bulk chemicals, environmental catalysis, biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals, conversion of greenhouse gases, and generation of solar hydrogen, as well as efficient routes to energy utilization. (nsf.gov)
  • Environmental catalysis (including energy-efficient and green routes to fuels and chemicals). (nsf.gov)
  • Applied catalysis has resolved many of the challenges faced in environmental protection. (aiche.org)
  • This session seeks contributions in the area of applied environmental catalysis including but not limited to photocatalytic and catalytic pollution control, stationary source and vehicle emission control, CO2 science and management (catalytic utilization and sequestration) and applications of catalysis in green chemistry. (aiche.org)
  • Catalysis will play a major role in tackling the grand challenges of the 21st Century, such as climate change, growing demands and subsequent environmental issues stemming from the predicted rise in global population. (eurekalert.org)
  • Natural gas is an abundant hydrocarbon fuel and chemical feedstock, and utilizing this resource with minimum environmental impact is a major challenge to catalysis. (ntnu.edu)
20201
  • Deligon International welcomes you to attend the International Conference on Chemistry & Catalysis during August 10 - 12, 2020, Prague, Czech Republic. (conferencealerts.com)
Chemicals2
  • The production of most industrially important chemicals involves catalysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Already used for the production of bulk chemicals, gold catalysis is poised to be introduced in the production of the basic ingredients of a wide variety of valued added products ranging from pharmaceuticals through liquid crystals and organic light emitting diodes (OLED) for computer, TV and mobile phone screens. (rsc.org)
Theoretical1
Computational3
  • Genuine, single-atom catalysis can be realized in the gas phase and probed by mass spectrometry combined with computational chemistry. (rsc.org)
  • The Catalysis Theory Center has a strong infrastructure and computational facility, as well as initial funding for students and postdocs. (dtu.dk)
  • It turns out that the large entropy contributions to catalysis in these cases can now be rationalized by our computational approach. (diva-portal.org)
Advances2
Fundamental1
  • Our researches focuses on both fundamental and applied aspects in tailor-made organometallic compounds, nanostructured hybrid materials and catalysis. (uib.no)
Main2
Oxidation1
  • Horst-Werner Zanthoff, PhD, is scientific researcher at Evonik Industries AG and presently leads the Competence Center of Oxidation Catalysis at Evonik Industries Process Technology and Engineering department. (wiley-vch.de)