A condition characterized by inactivity, decreased responsiveness to stimuli, and a tendency to maintain an immobile posture. The limbs tend to remain in whatever position they are placed (waxy flexibility). Catalepsy may be associated with PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA, CATATONIC), nervous system drug toxicity, and other conditions.
A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)
Drugs that bind to but do not activate DOPAMINE RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists. Many drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders (ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) are dopamine antagonists, although their therapeutic effects may be due to long-term adjustments of the brain rather than to the acute effects of blocking dopamine receptors. Dopamine antagonists have been used for several other clinical purposes including as ANTIEMETICS, in the treatment of Tourette syndrome, and for hiccup. Dopamine receptor blockade is associated with NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME.
Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus.
Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with a SULFUR in the center ring.
A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595)
A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.
A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.
A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. D2-class receptor genes contain INTRONS, and the receptors inhibit ADENYLYL CYCLASES.
A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.
Relatively invariant mode of behavior elicited or determined by a particular situation; may be verbal, postural, or expressive.
A group of naturally occurring amines derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of the natural amino acids. Many have powerful physiological effects (e.g., histamine, serotonin, epinephrine, tyramine). Those derived from aromatic amino acids, and also their synthetic analogs (e.g., amphetamine), are of use in pharmacology.
Endogenous compounds and drugs that specifically stimulate SEROTONIN 5-HT1 RECEPTORS. Included under this heading are agonists for one or more of the specific 5-HT1 receptor subtypes.
Drugs used in the treatment of movement disorders. Most of these act centrally on dopaminergic or cholinergic systems. Among the most important clinically are those used for the treatment of Parkinson disease (ANTIPARKINSON AGENTS) and those for the tardive dyskinesias.
A class Ib anti-arrhythmia agent used to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.
A sympathomimetic drug used primarily as an appetite depressant. Its actions and mechanisms are similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.
Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.
Drugs that bind to and activate dopamine receptors.
A biologically active tridecapeptide isolated from the hypothalamus. It has been shown to induce hypotension in the rat, to stimulate contraction of guinea pig ileum and rat uterus, and to cause relaxation of rat duodenum. There is also evidence that it acts as both a peripheral and a central nervous system neurotransmitter.
Compounds containing phenyl-1-butanone.
A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.
The observable response an animal makes to any situation.
Cell surface proteins that bind neurotensin with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Neurotensin and neurotensin receptors are found in the central nervous system and in the periphery.
The bond or lack thereof between a pregnant woman and her FETUS.
A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.
Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT1 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN 5-HT1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more of the specific 5-HT1 receptor subtypes.

Synergistic interactions between ampakines and antipsychotic drugs. (1/188)

Tests were made for interactions between antipsychotic drugs and compounds that enhance synaptic currents mediated by alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid-type glutamate receptors ("ampakines"). Typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs decreased methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity in rats; the effects of near or even subthreshold doses of the antipsychotics were greatly enhanced by the ampakines. Interactions between the ampakine CX516 and low doses of different antipsychotics were generally additive and often synergistic. The ampakine did not exacerbate neuroleptic-induced catalepsy, indicating that the interaction between the different pharmacological classes was selective. These results suggest that positive modulators of cortical glutamatergic systems may be useful adjuncts in treating schizophrenia.  (+info)

Attenuation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy by a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. (2/188)

Atypical neuroleptics produce fewer extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) than typical neuroleptics. The pharmacological profile of atypical neuroleptics is that they have equivalent or higher antagonist affinity for 5-HT2 than for dopamine D2 receptors. Our aim was to identify which 5-HT2 receptor contributed to the atypical profile. Catalepsy was defined as rats remaining immobile over a horizontal metal bar for at least 30 s, 90 min after dosing. Radioligand binding assays were carried out with homogenates of human recombinant 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors expressed in Human Embryo Kidney (HEK293) cells. Haloperidol (1.13 mg kg(-1) i.p.) induced catalepsy in all experiments. The selective 5-HT2C/2B receptor antagonist, SB-228357 (0.32-10 mg kg(-1) p.o.) significantly reversed haloperidol-induced catalepsy whereas the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptor antagonists, MDL-100907 (0.003-0.1 mg kg(-1) p.o.) and SB-215505 (0.1-3.2 mg kg(-1) p.o.) respectively did not reverse haloperidol-induced catalepsy. The data suggest a role for 5-HT2C receptors in the anticataleptic action of SB-228357.  (+info)

In vivo effects of new inhibitors of catechol-O-methyl transferase. (3/188)

1. The effects of two new synthetic compounds showing in vitro catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor properties were studied in vivo and compared with the effects of nitecapone and Ro-41-0960. 2. QO IA (3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-2,4-pentanedione), QO IIR ([2-(3,4-dihydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)vinyl]phenyl ketone), nitecapone and Ro-41-0960 (30 mg kg(-1), i.p.) were given to reserpinized rats 1 h before the administration of L-DOPA/carbidopa (LD/CD, 50:50 mg kg(-1), i.p.). Locomotor activity was assessed 1 h later. All the COMT inhibitors (COMTI), with the exception of QO IA, markedly potentiated LD/CD reversal of reserpine-induced akinesia. Similar results were obtained when the COMTI were coadministered with LD/CD. The effect of compound QO IIR was dose-dependent (7.5-30 mg kg(-1), i.p.). 3. The COMTI (30 mg kg(-1), i.p.) potentiated LD/CD reversal of both catalepsy and hypothermia of reserpinized mice. 4. QO IIR, nitecapone and Ro-41-0960 (30 mg kg(-1), i.p.) reduced striatal 3-methyl-DOPA (3-OMD) levels and increased dopamine (DA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels. Compound QO IA was devoid of any effect on striatal amine levels. In contrast to the other inhibitors, Ro-41-0961 reduced HVA levels as well. The effect of QO IIR on striatal amine levels was dose-dependent (7.5-60 mg kg(-1), i.p.) 5. These results suggest that the new compound QO IIR is an effective peripherally acting COMT inhibitor in vivo.  (+info)

Effects of rubidium on behavioral responses to methamphetamine and tetrabenazine. (4/188)

Different groups of mice were injected subcutaneously every other day with rubidium chloride at three doses (0.41(50), 1.23(150) and 3.69(450) meq/kg (mg/kg)) or with saline as a control for a period of 2-3 weeks. Rubidium administered acutely did not affect spontaneous locomotor activities, while it tended to increase the activities when administered repeatedly though the increase was not statistically significant. The methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotor activities were potentiated in the rubidium groups as compared with those in the saline group, this effect of ribidium being increased with prolongation of repeated administrations. Monotonic decreases in ambulation after tetrabenazine were not significantly affected in the rubidium-treated animals though the decreases were sometimes preceded by slight increases and recovery from the decrement tended to be more rapid. After tetrabenazine in the rubidium-treated groups, incidences of catalepsy were increased and jumping behavior and Straub tail responses occurred in a few cases. The results suggest that rubidium potentiates the excitatory action of methamphetamine on spontaneous locomotor activities, as contrasted with inhibitory influence of lithium.  (+info)

Identification of quantitative trait loci for haloperidol-induced catalepsy on mouse chromosome 14. (5/188)

Previous studies have established that neuroleptic-induced catalepsy in mice is a highly heritable trait. The current study focuses on the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for haloperidol-induced catalepsy in a BALB/cJ x LP/J F(2) intercross. One thousand thirty-seven F(2) animals were phenotyped and divided into four categories: very responsive (RR), responsive, nonresponsive, and very nonresponsive (NN). The RR and NN phenotypes comprised approximately 18% each of the total and differed in their haloperidol sensitivity by >10-fold. Sex differed significantly between the NN and RR groups (chi(2) = 14.0; p <.0002); females comprised 58% of the RR individuals but only 38% of the NN individuals. The difference between the extreme phenotypes in the number of piebald animals was highly significant (chi(2) = 30, p <. 00001). Eight percent of the RR individuals were piebald compared with 30% of the NN individuals. A genome wide scan confirmed the presence of a QTL (peak LOD = 6.4) on chromosome 14 near the piebald (Ednrb) and 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) (Htr2a) loci. Although the parental BALB/cJ and LP/J strains differed significantly in striatal 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptor binding, no marked differences were detected between the phenotypic extremes. A second QTL was detected on chromosome 14 (peak LOD = 6.9), which was located more proximally and included the Chat locus. No QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1 and 9, thus differentiating this cross from previous results obtained for a C57BL/6J x DBA/2J intercross.  (+info)

Enhanced cortical dopamine output and antipsychotic-like effects of raclopride by alpha2 adrenoceptor blockade. (6/188)

Clozapine exerts superior clinical efficacy and markedly enhances cortical dopamine output compared with classical antipsychotic drugs. Here the alpha2 adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan was administered to rats alone or in combination with the D2/3 dopamine receptor antagonist raclopride. Dopamine efflux in the medial prefrontal cortex and conditioned avoidance responding were analyzed. Idazoxan selectively potentiated the cortical output of dopamine and augmented the suppression of conditioned avoidance responding induced by raclopride. These results challenge basic assumptions underlying the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia and provide insight into clozapine's mode of action.  (+info)

Conditioning to injection procedures and repeated testing increase SCH 23390-induced catalepsy in mice. (7/188)

The cataleptic behavior induced by the dopamine D1 antagonist SCH 23390 (SCH) has proven to be a useful assay for investigating the sensitivity of D1-like dopamine receptor-mediated effects during chronic drug administration. A fundamental flaw in most of these studies may be the involvement of the "repeated measures effect," a behavioral phenomenon well demonstrated for neuroleptic-induced catalepsy but not yet investigated for dopamine D1 antagonists. In this study, mice exposed for various sessions to the bar test presented a strong sensitization to the cataleptic behavior induced by repeated SCH treatment. Conversely, single tested animals exhibited a trend toward decreased catalepsy after repeated SCH treatment, which was in line with the development of a D1-like dopamine receptor supersensitivity suggested by an increase in SKF 38393-induced grooming behavior. Surprisingly, a challenge intraperitoneal saline injection increased the cataleptic behavior of single tested mice after long-term SCH treatment. This "injection-conditioned catalepsy" was also observed after repeated treatment with the dopamine D2 antagonists, haloperidol and metoclopramide. While these findings seem to explain some important contradictory data in the literature, they provide a new and simple animal model of the placebo effect.  (+info)

Role of adenosine and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in mediating haloperidol-induced gene expression and catalepsy. (8/188)

Acute blockade of dopamine D(2) receptors by the typical antipsychotic drug haloperidol leads to alterations in neuronal gene expression and behavior. In the dorsolateral striatum, the levels of mRNA for the immediate-early gene c-fos and the neuropeptide gene neurotensin/neuromedin N (NT/N) are significantly increased by haloperidol. An acute behavioral response to haloperidol is catalepsy, considered to be a rodent correlate of some of the immediate extrapyramidal motor side effects seen in humans. Several lines of evidence suggest a link between neurotensin induction in the dorsolateral striatum and catalepsy. We hypothesize that both striatal gene induction and catalepsy elicited by haloperidol arise from the combined effect of excitatory adenosinergic and glutamatergic inputs acting at adenosine A(2A) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, respectively. In agreement with our previous reports, adenosine antagonists reduced haloperidol-induced c-fos and neurotensin gene expression as well as catalepsy. In agreement with other reports, the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 also reduced gene expression and catalepsy in response to haloperidol. The competitive NMDA receptor antagonist LY235959 decreased haloperidol-induced catalepsy. We show here that blocking both A(2A) and NMDA receptors simultaneously in conjunction with haloperidol resulted in a combined effect on gene expression and behavior that was greater than that for block of either receptor alone. Both c-fos and NT/N mRNA levels were reduced, and catalepsy was completely abolished. These results indicate that the haloperidol-induced increases in c-fos and NT gene expression in the dorsolateral striatum and catalepsy are driven largely by adenosine and glutamatergic inputs acting at A(2A) and NMDA receptors.  (+info)

It is important to note that catalepsy is not the same as catatonia, which is a more specific condition characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including immobility, mutism, negativism, and emotional dysregulation. However, catalepsy and catatonia do share some similarities, and the terms are often used interchangeably in clinical practice.

The exact cause of catalepsy is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to dysfunction in certain areas of the brain, such as the neocortex and basal ganglia. In some cases, catalepsy may be a side effect of medication or drug intoxication.

Treatment for catalepsy typically focuses on addressing the underlying cause, such as managing seizures or withdrawing from drugs. In some cases, medications such as benzodiazepines or antipsychotics may be used to help manage symptoms. Other approaches, such as physical therapy and behavioral interventions, may also be helpful in improving mobility and function.

Some examples of basal ganglia diseases include:

1. Parkinson's disease: A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slow movement), and postural instability.
2. Huntington's disease: An autosomal dominant disorder that causes progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia and a decline in cognitive, motor, and psychiatric functions.
3. Dystonia: A movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions that cause abnormal postures or movements.
4. Tourette's syndrome: A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic, such as repeated sounds or words.
5. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): An anxiety disorder characterized by recurring thoughts or compulsions to perform repetitive behaviors.
6. Schizophrenia: A psychotic disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive impairments.
7. Kleine-Levin syndrome: A rare sleep disorder characterized by recurring periods of excessive sleepiness and automatic behaviors.
8. Wilson's disease: A rare genetic disorder caused by copper accumulation in the basal ganglia, leading to cognitive and motor impairments.
9. Hemiballism: A rare movement disorder characterized by unilateral or bilateral involuntary movements of the upper limbs.
10. Chorea-acanthocytosis: A rare genetic disorder characterized by chorea (involuntary movements), acanthocytosis (abnormal red blood cell shape), and cognitive decline.

These conditions are often challenging to diagnose and manage, and may require a comprehensive evaluation by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including neurologists, psychiatrists, geneticists, and other specialists. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help improve outcomes for individuals with these conditions.

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Catalepsy disbanded in 2013 but re-formed in September 2014 shortly. Catalepsy were writing new material in 2021 for an ... Catalepsy at AllMusic Iniquity at AllMusic "Catalepsy Streaming New Track "Infernal"". Theprp.com. December 4, 2010. Official ... Catalepsy is an American deathcore band formed in 2004. They have released one EP, Godless, and three studio albums, Iniquity, ... Catalepsy was founded in 2004 as a thrash/metalcore three-piece. From August 2006 the band's sound moved towards deathcore. ...
... waxy flexibility/catalepsy, stereotypy (purposeless, repetitive movements), echolalia or echopraxia, verbigeration (repeat ... not actively relating to the environment catalepsy: passive induction of a posture held against gravity waxy flexibility: ... catalepsy; waxy flexibility; mutism; negativism; posturing; mannerisms; stereotypies; psychomotor agitation; grimacing; ...
On Catalepsy. Read before the medical section of the Manchester Royal Institution (Pamphlet). London: John Churchill & Sons. ...
Catalepsy often responds to Benzodiazepines (e.g., Lorazepam) in pill and I.V. form. Encephalitis is an inflammation of the ... Catalepsy is considered a symptom of serious diseases of the nervous system (e.g., Parkinson's disease, Epilepsy, etc.) rather ... Catalepsy is a nervous disorder characterized by immobility and muscular rigidity, along with a decreased sensitivity to pain. ... "What is Catalepsy? (with pictures)". wiseGEEK. "West Nile Virus". Medicinenet.com. Retrieved 2013-10-30. "How Serious Are ...
"CATALEPSY: 'Bleed' Video Released". Blabbermouth.net. June 7, 2011. Retrieved March 27, 2018. "Bury Your Dead Part Ways With ... He sang on "Chrono" on The Ghost Inside's album Returners and on the track "Goliath", on Catalepsy's album Bleed. More recently ...
Neither catalepsy or anything. The song is pure poetic fantasy and it was done on a regular day. I was living with Maria Rosa ... Is it true you wrote "Rasguña las Piedras" in honor of a girlfriend who had catalepsy?" "I have no idea who came up with that. ...
Examples include catalepsy, headache, epilepsy and nightmares. There also existed a demon of blindness, "Shabriri" (lit. " ...
Catalepsy is determined by the bar test. The mouse is placed on a bar oriented parallel to and approximately 1 inch off of the ... The four behavioral components of the tetrad are spontaneous activity, catalepsy, hypothermia, and analgesia. Common assays for ... catalepsy, hypothermia, and analgesia in rodents. Accordingly, all true "tetrad effects" are not observed following treatment ...
"Ecstasy counteracts catalepsy in rats, an anti-parkinsonian effect?". Neuroscience Letters. 330 (3): 251-4. doi:10.1016/s0304- ... 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine counteracts akinesia enantioselectively in rat rotational behavior and catalepsy". Synapse. 55 ...
Dissociatives produce analgesia, amnesia and catalepsy at anesthetic doses. They also produce a sense of detachment from the ...
It is highly cryptic, using catalepsis. Santiago-Blay, JA; Maldonado-Capriles, J (1988). "Observations on the true bugs Emesa ...
His life crashes around him when he finds he suffers from catalepsy, an incurable condition marked by loss of voluntary motion ... Sirak, wants to find the medicine of catalepsy Tiberio Cruz .... Hercules - Arturo's ex-servant, in love with Margot. Villain, ...
Chiu S, Mishra RK (January 1979). "Antagonism of morphine-induced catalepsy by L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide". European Journal ...
Reavill C, Kettle A, Holland V, Riley G, Blackburn TP (Feb 1999). "Attenuation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy by a 5-HT2C ...
Reavill C, Kettle A, Holland V, Riley G, Blackburn TP (February 1999). "Attenuation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy by a 5- ...
In April 1652, Hatfield became ill with a type of catalepsy. She became paralyzed, blind, deaf and mute. This lasted for ...
"Attenuation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy by a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist". British Journal of Pharmacology. 126 (3): 572-4 ...
Charcot introduced three states of hypnosis: fatigue, catalepsy, and somnambulism, or sleepwalking; it was within this last ...
St Paul's Potion was intended to cure epilepsy, catalepsy and stomach problems. Many ingredients used in the potion had ...
Catalepsy had already self-funded recording an additional seven songs but, the time had passed, and the band members each went ... Catalepsy continued in the studios to record three more songs with Ross singing and writing "Under the Influence", "Who Can You ... In 1987, Hochheiser and Robinson formed Catalepsy with the Canadian vocalist Veronica Ross. With Ross, singing and writing the ...
They are also used to cure people with seizure problems, epilepsy and catalepsy. Heat is also a property of Babalu-aye, like ...
A coroner's court was later told he had the nervous condition of catalepsy. The inquest jury - after considering several ...
Catalepsy Ungvari GS, Goggins W, Leung SK, Lee E, Gerevich J (February 2009). "Schizophrenia with prominent catatonic features ...
... as he was prone to catalepsy. The possibility of suicide was also considered. A finding of suicide would have had substantial ...
On the Curability of Certain Forms of Insanity, Epilepsy, Catalepsy, and Hysteria in Females. Robert Hardwicke, 1866. Atoki, ...
Like other types of stick insects they use crypsis and catalepsy to evade predators. Eurycantha calcarata typically reproduce ...
Madeline revives from her catalepsy, exits her coffin and returns to her shocked husband. Jean Debucourt as Roderick Usher ...
The effects of dissociatives can include sensory dissociation, hallucinations, mania, catalepsy, analgesia and amnesia. ...
He explained the behavior of mediums as symptoms of hypnosis, hysteria, catalepsy and ecstasy. His book The Physics and ...
Grossman TM Post-Anesthesia Catalepsy In an LSD User Anesth. Prog. 1978 25(4):123 ... "Post-Anesthesia Catalepsy In an LSD User" Anesth. Prog.. 1978;25(4):123. ...
In this study, we investigated the effect of chronic administration of 8-OH-DPAT on 6-OHDA-induced catalepsy and levels of ... Conclusion: Our study indicated that chronic administration of 8-OH-DPAT improves catalepsy in 6-OHDA-induced animal model of ... Chronic injection of 8-OH-DPAT decreased catalepsy in a dose dependent manner when compared with the control group. The most ... inflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Materials and Methods: Catalepsy was induced by unilateral infusion of 6- ...
Catalepsy, etc. - Nux and Ipec. in alternation ; later Aranea diadema.. A woman, 29, of healthy parents still living (the ...
Secondly, there are L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)- and haloperidol-induced catalepsy as well as the rat acute and ... 2021) explored how BPC 157 can prevent catalepsy induced by L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and haloperidol and ... 2021) demonstrated that BPC 157 counteracts catalepsy induced by L-NAME and haloperidol as well as the deficits of acute and ... A particular example is an amphetamine-induced stereotypy and haloperidol-induced catalepsy, both of which are counteracted by ...
In the meanwhile, everyones lying low -- creeping catalepsy, collective catatonia, eyes riveted on the countdown. But this is ...
Other fill I struggled with was AVISO, CASEIN, SABAN, and CATALEPSY.. Im not entirely sure why the title fits the theme ( ...
In vivo anti-schizophrenic activity was conducted using catalepsy test scores, the formulation showed better efficacy via the ...
Haloperidol, but not clozapine, produces dramatic catalepsy in Δ9-THC-treated rats: possible clinical implications. Authors: ...
In some instances, ​however, the above results were equivocal, catalepsy occurring on the same side as the stroking, or ... The whole hypnotic condition thus so strongly resembles that of catalepsy that Heidenhain regards the former as nothing other ...
Symptoms of PD such as tremors, akinesia, rigidity, catalepsy and vacuous chewing movements were evaluated. Combination of L- ... Pretreatment with MEBV (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced the intensity of muscular rigidity, duration of catalepsy, ...
Rather, due to a naive levity in the face of grave realities being confronted, there was induced a kind of catalepsy. One ... Gheradani describes it as a state of catalepsy, which for purposes of our analysis is functionally similar to the state of ...
Rare - anticholinergic syndrome, aphasia, apraxia, catalepsy, cholinergic syndrome, choreoathetosis, generalized spasm, ...
Catalepsy, indicated by Neptune, Message of the Stars 566 Catarrh, astrological indications of, Message of the Stars 543, 547, ...
As the trance, or catalepsy, whatever it was, continued for many. days, there had been ample time for the leaders of the ...
Catalepsy - Preferred Concept UI. M0003617. Scope note. A condition characterized by inactivity, decreased responsiveness to ... The limbs tend to remain in whatever position they are placed (waxy flexibility). Catalepsy may be associated with PSYCHOTIC ... The limbs tend to remain in whatever position they are placed (waxy flexibility). Catalepsy may be associated with PSYCHOTIC ... Catalepsies. Cerea Flexibilitas. Flexibilitas, Cerea. Flexibilities, Waxy. Flexibility, Waxy. Waxy Flexibilities. Waxy ...
Klemm, W. R. (1983). Cholinergic-dopaminergic interaction in experimental catalepsy. Psychopharmacologia, 81, 24-27. ...
... with or without the contact of the operator-CAT ALEPSY will be induced by means of Magnetic passes . Matters pertaining to ...
RESULT: Silibinins Chronic treatment, dose-dependently decreased catalepsy. MPO activity and levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß ...
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Eye Catalepsy. Eye catalepsy is standard test of trance and suggestibility. The hypnotist suggests that the client cannot open ... Charcot suggested that there were three levels of trance: Light (lethargy); Medium (catalepsy); Deep (Somnambulism).. ...
Iii Bela The Redoubtable Catalepsy! ... The End Produced by Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team By ANNA ...
Effect of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine on neuroleptic-induced catalepsy in rat.. Gada, V P; Nandal, N V; Balsara, J J; Chandorkar, A ... Effect of piracetam, a cyclic GABA analogue, on haloperidol-induced catalepsy in the rat.. Balsara, J J; Bapat, T R; Chandorkar ...
... say catalepsy or who froze to death, to regain consciousness and die a second horrible death. The image of this has inspired ... catalepsy, and with people who have died from excessive grief or joy, or from intoxication with alcohol or soporific drafts. ...
  • Secondly, there are L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)- and haloperidol-induced catalepsy as well as the rat acute and chronic models of 'positive-like' schizophrenia symptoms, that BPC 157 counteracted, and resolved the complex relationship of the nitric oxide-system with amphetamine and apomorphine (dopamine agents application), MK-801 (non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor) and chronic methamphetamine administration (to induce sensitivity). (lww.com)
  • In this study, we investigated the effect of chronic administration of 8-OH-DPAT on 6-OHDA-induced catalepsy and levels of inflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (ac.ir)
  • Chronic injection of 8-OH-DPAT decreased catalepsy in a dose dependent manner when compared with the control group. (ac.ir)
  • Our study indicated that chronic administration of 8-OH-DPAT improves catalepsy in 6-OHDA-induced animal model of PD and restores central concentration of inflammatory cytokines to the basal levels. (ac.ir)
  • In the meanwhile, everyone's lying low -- creeping catalepsy, collective catatonia, eyes riveted on the countdown. (metafilter.com)
  • Spatial learning in the Morris water maze in mice genetically different in the predisposition to catalepsy: the effect of intraventricular treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor. (nih.gov)
  • The present study evaluated the effect of REM-sleep deprivation on the catalepsy induced by lactate administration plus forced muscular activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • The number of animals displaying catalepsy (50%) and mean total catalepsy time (11,92 ± 4,12 minutes) were lower in sleep deprived animals than in controls (91.7% and 26.67 ± 5.86 min respectively), results being statistically significant at the limit level (p=0,05). (bvsalud.org)