Cat scratch disease. Medical search

A self-limiting bacterial infection of the regional lymph nodes caused by AFIPIA felis, a gram-negative bacterium recently identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and by BARTONELLA HENSELAE. It usually arises one or more weeks following a feline scratch, with raised inflammatory nodules at the site of the scratch being the primary symptom.

A species of gram-negative bacteria that is the etiologic agent of bacillary angiomatosis (ANGIOMATOSIS, BACILLARY). This organism can also be a cause of CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE in immunocompetent patients.

A genus of gram-negative bacteria characteristically appearing in chains of several segmenting organisms. It occurs in man and arthropod vectors and is found only in the Andes region of South America. This genus is the etiologic agent of human bartonellosis. The genus Rochalimaea, once considered a separate genus, has recently been combined with the genus Bartonella as a result of high levels of relatedness in 16S rRNA sequence data and DNA hybridization data.

A reactive vascular proliferation that is characterized by the multiple tumor-like lesions in skin, bone, brain, and other organs. Bacillary angiomatosis is caused by infection with gram-negative Bartonella bacilli (such as BARTONELLA HENSELAE), and is often seen in AIDS patients and other IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS.

A species of gram-negative bacteria in which man is the primary host and the human body louse, Pediculus humanus, the principal vector. It is the etiological agent of TRENCH FEVER.

Infections by the genus BARTONELLA. Bartonella bacilliformis can cause acute febrile anemia, designated Oroya fever, and a benign skin eruption, called verruga peruana. BARTONELLA QUINTANA causes TRENCH FEVER, while BARTONELLA HENSELAE is the etiologic agent of bacillary angiomatosis (ANGIOMATOSIS, BACILLARY) and is also one of the causes of CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE in immunocompetent patients.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

A family of small, gram-negative organisms, often parasitic in humans and other animals, causing diseases that may be transmitted by invertebrate vectors.

Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.

An intermittent fever characterized by intervals of chills, fever, and splenomegaly each of which may last as long as 40 hours. It is caused by BARTONELLA QUINTANA and transmitted by the human louse.

An order of parasitic, blood-sucking, wingless INSECTS with the common name of fleas.

Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

The ability of lymphoid cells to mount a humoral or cellular immune response when challenged by antigen.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Cat-scratch disease with paravertebral mass and osteomyelitis. (1/178)

The case of a 9-year-old girl with cat-scratch disease (CSD) complicated by development of a paravertebral mass and osteomyelitis is presented. Following multiple scratches and inguinal lymphadenopathy, she developed back pain, and imaging demonstrated a paravertebral mass with evidence of osteomyelitis involving vertebra T9. The diagnosis was made on the basis of detection of Bartonella henselae by use of molecular techniques on an aspirate from the vertebral column and supportive serology for infection with B. henselae. Eleven other cases of this unusual manifestation associated with CSD have been reported in the literature and are reviewed. The patient was treated with gentamicin, followed by rifampicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, orally and made a favorable recovery over 7 months. This is comparable with other case reports, regardless of the choice of antibiotic therapy. CSD in immunocompetent hosts is not always self-limiting, and tissues beyond the lymph nodes can be involved. (+info)

Detection of Bartonella henselae DNA by two different PCR assays and determination of the genotypes of strains involved in histologically defined cat scratch disease. (2/178)

Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a common cause of subacute regional lymphadenopathy, not only in children but also in adults. Serological and molecular studies demonstrated that Bartonella henselae is the etiologic agent in most cases of CSD. Amplification of B. henselae DNA in affected tissue and detection of antibodies to B. henselae are the two mainstays in the laboratory diagnosis of CSD. We designed a retrospective study and investigated formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph nodes from 60 patients (25 female, 35 male) with histologically suspected CSD by PCR amplification. The sensitivities of two different PCR assays were compared. The first primer pair amplified a 296-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene in 36 of the 60 samples, corresponding to a sensitivity of 60%. The second primer pair amplified a 414-bp fragment of the htrA gene in 26 of the 60 lymph nodes, corresponding to a sensitivity of 43.3%. Bartonella DNA could be detected in a total of 39 (65%) of the 60 lymph nodes investigated. However, histopathologic findings are typical but not specific for CSD and cannot be considered as a "gold standard" for diagnosis of CSD. The sensitivity of the PCR assays increased from 65 to 87% if two criteria (histology and serology) were used in combination for diagnosis of CSD. Two genotypes (I and II) of B. henselae are described as being involved in CSD. Genotype I was found in 23 (59%) and genotype II was found in 9 (23%) of the 39 PCR-positive lymph nodes. Seven (18%) lymph nodes were negative in both type-specific PCR assays. Thirty (50%) of our 60 patients were younger than 20 years old (15 were younger than 10 years), 20 (33%) were between 21 and 40 years old, and 10 (17%) patients were between 41 and 84 years old. Our data suggest that detection of Bartonella DNA in patients' samples might confirm the histologically suspected diagnosis of CSD. (+info)

Clinical and pathologic evaluation of chronic Bartonella henselae or Bartonella clarridgeiae infection in cats. (3/178)

Human Bartonella infections result in diverse medical presentations, whereas many cats appear to tolerate chronic bacteremia without obvious clinical abnormalities. Eighteen specific-pathogen-free cats were inoculated with Bartonella henselae- and/or Bartonella clarridgeiae-infected cat blood and monitored for 454 days. Relapsing bacteremia did not correlate with changes in protein profiles or differences in antigenic protein recognition. Intradermal skin testing did not induce a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction to cat scratch disease skin test antigen. Thirteen cats were euthanatized at the end of the study. Despite persistent infection, clinical signs were minimal and gross necropsy results were unremarkable. Histopathology revealed peripheral lymph node hyperplasia (in all of the 13 cats), splenic follicular hyperplasia (in 9 cats), lymphocytic cholangitis/pericholangitis (in 9 cats), lymphocytic hepatitis (in 6 cats), lymphoplasmacytic myocarditis (in 8 cats), and interstitial lymphocytic nephritis (in 4 cats). Structures suggestive of Bartonella were visualized in some Warthin-Starry stained sections, and Bartonella DNA was amplified from the lymph node (from 6 of the 13 cats), liver (from 11 cats) heart (from 8 cats), kidney (from 9 cats), lung (from 2 cats), and brain (from 9 cats). This study indicates that B. henselae or B. clarridgeiae can induce chronic infection following blood transfusion in specific-pathogen-free cats and that Bartonella DNA can be detected in blood, brain, lymph node, myocardium, liver, and kidney tissues of both blood culture-positive cats and blood culture-negative cats. Detection of histologic changes in these cats supports a potential etiologic role for Bartonella species in several idiopathic disease processes in cats. (+info)

Culture of Bartonella quintana and Bartonella henselae from human samples: a 5-year experience (1993 to 1998). (4/178)

Bartonella quintana and Bartonella henselae are fastidious gram-negative bacteria responsible for bacillary angiomatosis, trench fever, cat scratch disease, and endocarditis. During a 5-year period, we received 2,043 samples for culture of Bartonella sp. We found Bartonella sp. to be the etiologic agent in 38 cases of endocarditis, 78 cases of cat scratch disease, 16 cases of bacteremia in homeless people, and 7 cases of bacillary angiomatosis. We correlated the results of positive cultures with the clinical form of the disease, type of sample, culture procedure, PCR-based genomic detection, and antibody determination. Seventy-two isolates of B. quintana and nine isolates of B. henselae from 43 patients were obtained. Sixty-three of the B. quintana isolates and two of the B. henselae isolates, obtained from patients with no prior antibiotic therapy, were stably subcultured. The sensitivity of culture was low when compared with that of PCR-based detection methods in valves of patients with endocarditis (44 and 81%, respectively), skin biopsy samples of patients with bacillary angiomatosis (43 and 100%, respectively), and lymph nodes of cat scratch disease (13 and 30%, respectively). Serological diagnosis was also more sensitive in cases of endocarditis (97%) and cat scratch disease (90%). Among endocarditis patients, the sensitivity of the shell vial culture assay was 28% when inoculated with blood samples and 44% when inoculated with valvular biopsy samples, and the sensitivity of both was significantly higher than that of culture on agar (5% for blood [P = 0.045] and 4% for valve biopsy samples [P < 0.0005]). The most efficient culture procedure was the subculture of blood culture broth into shell vials (sensitivity, 71%). For patients with endocarditis, previous antibiotic therapy significantly affected results of blood culture; no patient who had been administered antibiotics yielded a positive blood culture, whereas 80% of patients with no previous antibiotic therapy yielded positive blood cultures (P = 0.0006). Previous antibiotic therapy did not, however, prevent isolation of Bartonella sp. from cardiac valves but did prevent the establishment of strains, as none of the 15 isolates from treated patients could be successfully subcultured. For the diagnosis of B. quintana bacteremia in homeless people, the efficiency of systematic subculture of blood culture broth onto agar was higher than that of direct blood plating (respective sensitivities, 98 and 10% [P < 10(-7)]). Nevertheless, both procedures are complementary, since when used together their sensitivity reached 100%. All homeless people with positive blood cultures had negative serology. The isolation rate of B. henselae from PCR-positive lymph nodes, in patients with cat scratch disease, was significantly lower than that from valves of endocarditis patients and skin biopsy samples from bacillary angiomatosis patients (13 and 33%, respectively [P = 0.084]). In cases of bacillary angiomatosis for which an agent was identified to species level, the isolation rate of B. henselae was lower than the isolation rate of B. quintana (28 and 64%, respectively [P = 0.003]). If culture is to be considered an efficient tool for the diagnosis of several Bartonella-related diseases, methodologies need to be improved, notably for the recovery of B. henselae from lymph nodes of patients with cat scratch disease. (+info)

Acute clinical disease in cats following infection with a pathogenic strain of Bartonella henselae (LSU16). (5/178)

Bartonella henselae is the causative agent of human cat scratch disease as well as several serious sequelae of infections, including bacillary angiomatosis and bacillary peliosis. Conflicting reports describe the pathogenesis of B. henselae in the cat. In this study, we characterized a strain of B. henselae termed LSU16. This strain was isolated on rabbit blood agar from a naturally infected 10-month-old female cat during a recurrent episode of bacteremia. The bacterial species was confirmed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Nine cats were infected intradermally with 5 x 10(7) CFU of LSU16, and clinical signs, antibody responses, and bacteremia were monitored. All nine cats developed raised, erythematous areas at the site of inoculation within 72 h postinoculation; the swelling peaked at 14 days postinfection and was not palpable by 28 days postinfection. Fever developed in all nine cats between 6 and 16 days postinfection and lasted for 1 to 8 days. Between 6 and 16 days postinfection, all nine cats experienced lethargy which persisted 5 to 18 days. Seven of nine cats were bacteremic by day 7, and all nine cats had become bacteremic by 14 days postinfection. Bacteremia peaked at 14 to 28 days postinfection in all cats. In six of the nine infected cats, bacterial numbers reached nondetectable levels during the 7th week postinfection; however, a single animal maintained bacteremia to 18 weeks postinfection. All nine cats developed strong antibody responses to B. henselae, as determined by Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subsequently, three naive cats were injected intradermally with blood from cats infected with LSU16 from a pure culture, and five naive cats were injected with feces from fleas which had been feeding on cats infected with a pure culture of LSU16. These cats developed signs similar to those described in the previous experiment and were euthanized at 5 weeks postinfection. We conclude that B. henselae LSU16 is a virulent strain of B. henselae in cats and propose that the virulence of B. henselae in cats is strain dependent. (+info)

Presumed ocular bartonellosis. (6/178)

BACKGROUND: The spectrum of diseases caused by Bartonella henselae continues to expand and ocular involvement during this infection is being diagnosed with increasing frequency. METHODS: The clinical features and visual prognosis for 13 patients with intraocular inflammatory disease and laboratory evidence of bartonellosis were investigated. There were nine patients with neuroretinitis and four with panuveitis with positive antibody titres against B henselae determined by an enzyme immunoassay (IgG exceeding 1:900 and/or IgM exceeding 1:250). RESULTS: Positive IgG levels were found for eight patients and positive IgM levels for five. Despite animal exposure of 10 patients, only two (IgG positive) cases had systemic symptoms consistent with the diagnosis of cat scratch disease. Pathological fluorescein leakage of the optic disc was observed in all affected eyes. At 6 months' follow up, 3/18 (17%) affected eyes had a visual acuity of less than 20/100, owing to optic disc atrophy and cystoid macular oedema. 12 patients (17 eyes) were treated with antibiotics; visual acuity improved two or more Snellen lines for 9/17 (53%) eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of B henselae infection should be considered in patients with neuroretinitis and panuveitis (especially in cases with associated optic nerve involvement) even in the absence of systemic symptoms typical for cat scratch disease. (+info)

Identification of Bartonella-specific immunodominant antigens recognized by the feline humoral immune system. (7/178)

The seroreactivities of both naturally and experimentally infected cats to Bartonella henselae was examined. Serum samples collected weekly from nine cats experimentally infected with B. henselae LSU16 were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. The magnitude and isotype of the antibody response were investigated by ELISA. Western blot analysis allowed the identification of at least 24 Bartonella-specific antigens recognized by the cats during infection. Antibody titers to specific antigens, as determined by Western blot analysis, ranged from 10 to 640 and varied among the different antibody-antigen interactions. Absorption of sera from an experimentally infected cat, using whole cells and cell lysates of various Bartonella species and other bacteria that commonly colonize cats, supported the identification of those Bartonella-specific antigens recognized by the experimentally infected cats. Furthermore, a number of possible species- and type-specific antigens were identified. Finally, sera obtained from cats at local animal shelters were screened for the presence of antibodies directed against the Bartonella-specific bands identified in the experimentally infected cats. A number of Bartonella-specific antigens have been identified to which strong antibody responses are generated in both experimentally and naturally infected cats, some of which may be useful in diagnosing species- and/or type-specific infections. In addition, the results from these experiments will lead to the development of monoclonal antibodies targeted against those genus-, species-, and type-specific antigens. (+info)

Characterization of Bartonella henselae-specific immunity in BALB/c mice. (8/178)

BALB/c mice were inoculated with Bartonella henselae by both systemic and mucosal routes. Culture analysis of tissues from mice infected intraperitoneally with a high dose of B. henselae yielded positive results 24 hr after infection. However, culture analysis of blood taken between 6 hr and 7 days after infection from groups receiving live B. henselae were negative. Following intraperitoneal infection, B. henselae was detected by polymerase chain reaction in liver and mesenteric lymph nodes by 6 hr and up to 7 days after infection in liver, kidney and spleen tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of serum samples collected as early as 13 days after infection indicated humoral immune responses to B. henselae. Specific humoral responses remained through week 6. Analysis of faecal samples revealed induction of B. henselae-specific immunoglobulin A by day 28 after infection. In addition, B. henselae-specific cellular responses were indicated by a positive delayed-type hypersensitivity and a T helper 1 (Th1) (CD4+ T cell)-type cytokine response following in vitro stimulation of splenocytes. The significance and implications of these data in relation to B. henselae infections are discussed. (+info)

In more detail, the definition of 'Cat-Scratch Disease' in the medical field can be broken down into the following components:

1. Cat scratch or bite: The disease is transmitted to humans through the scratch or bite of an infected cat.
2. Bartonella henselae: The bacteria that causes the disease is Bartonella henselae.
3. Infected cats: The disease is typically found in domestic and wild cats, as well as in their fleas and lice.
4. Variety of symptoms: CDS can cause a range of symptoms including fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and skin lesions.
5. Diagnosis based on clinical presentation and laboratory tests: The diagnosis is based on a combination of the patient's symptoms, laboratory tests such as blood cultures and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serology.
6. Supportive treatment: Treatment for CDS is primarily supportive, with antibiotics reserved for severe cases or those with complications.
7. More common in children: Children are more susceptible to CDS than adults, as they are more likely to come into contact with infected cats and have a weaker immune system.

The symptoms of angiomatosis, bacillary can vary depending on the location and size of the angiomas, but they may include:

* Red or purple discoloration of the skin
* Swelling or lumps under the skin
* Pain or tenderness in the affected area
* Warmth or redness around the angioma

Angiomatosis, bacillary is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests (such as blood tests or biopsies). Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eradicate the bacterial infection. In some cases, surgical removal of the angioma may be necessary.

Prevention of angiomatosis, bacillary is aimed at avoiding contact with cat scratches or bites, and good hygiene practices (such as washing hands frequently) can help reduce the risk of infection. Vaccination against Bartonella henselae is not currently available for humans, but it is recommended for cats to prevent the spread of the bacteria.

The prognosis for angiomatosis, bacillary is generally good if treated promptly and effectively. However, in rare cases, the condition can progress to more severe forms, such as cat scratch disease or bartonellosis, which can have serious complications if left untreated.

1. Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV): This is a highly contagious virus that weakens the immune system, making cats more susceptible to other infections and cancer.
2. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV): Similar to HIV in humans, this virus attacks the immune system and can lead to a range of secondary infections and diseases.
3. Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP): A viral disease that causes fluid accumulation in the abdomen and chest, leading to difficulty breathing and abdominal pain.
4. Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD): A group of conditions that affect the bladder and urethra, including urinary tract infections and kidney stones.
5. Feline Diabetes: Cats can develop diabetes, which can lead to a range of complications if left untreated, including urinary tract infections, kidney disease, and blindness.
6. Feline Hyperthyroidism: An overactive thyroid gland that can cause weight loss, anxiety, and heart problems if left untreated.
7. Feline Cancer: Cats can develop various types of cancer, including lymphoma, leukemia, and skin cancer.
8. Dental disease: Cats are prone to dental problems, such as tartar buildup, gum disease, and tooth resorption.
9. Obesity: A common problem in cats, obesity can lead to a range of health issues, including diabetes, arthritis, and heart disease.
10. Behavioral disorders: Cats can develop behavioral disorders such as anxiety, stress, and aggression, which can impact their quality of life and relationships with humans.

It's important to note that many of these diseases can be prevented or managed with proper care, including regular veterinary check-ups, vaccinations, parasite control, a balanced diet, exercise, and mental stimulation. Additionally, early detection and treatment can significantly improve the outcome for cats with health issues.

What are some ways that modern medicine has improved upon the treatment of trench fever from World War I?
Modern medicine has made significant improvements in the treatment of trench fever since World War I. Here are some of the key advancements:

1. Antibiotics: During World War I, sulfonamides were used to treat trench fever, but these drugs were not very effective and often caused allergic reactions. Today, we have a range of more effective antibiotics, such as doxycycline and ciprofloxacin, which can effectively treat trench fever.

2. Supportive care: In World War I, supportive care was limited, and patients often had to endure severe symptoms with little relief. Today, supportive care has improved significantly, including the use of pain management techniques, hydration, and nutritional support to help manage symptoms and speed up recovery.

3. Diagnostic advancements: In World War I, trench fever was often misdiagnosed or undiagnosed, leading to inadequate treatment. Today, we have more sophisticated diagnostic tools, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, which can quickly and accurately diagnose trench fever.

4. Better understanding of the disease: We now know more about the bacteria that cause trench fever and how it spreads, which has led to improved prevention and control measures. This includes the use of insecticides to kill body lice and the development of vaccines to protect against Bartonella infections.

5. Improved sanitation and hygiene: Good sanitation and hygiene practices are critical in controlling the spread of trench fever. In World War I, these practices were often lacking, leading to the spread of disease. Today, we have a much greater emphasis on proper handwashing, clean water, and waste disposal, which helps reduce the risk of infection.

In conclusion, while trench fever is still a serious illness today, advances in medicine and public health have significantly improved our ability to prevent, diagnose, and treat it. This has saved countless lives and reduced the impact of this disease on military personnel and civilian populations alike.

1. Lymphedema: This is a condition in which the lymph vessels are unable to properly drain fluid from the body, leading to swelling in the affected limb.
2. Lymphangitis: This is an inflammation of the lymph vessels that can cause pain, redness, and swelling.
3. Lymphadenitis: This is an infection of the lymph nodes that can cause swelling, pain, and difficulty breathing.
4. Primary lymphedema: This is a rare genetic condition in which the lymph vessels are missing or do not develop properly.
5. Secondary lymphedema: This is a condition that develops as a result of another condition or injury, such as surgery, radiation therapy, or infection.
6. Lymphatic malformations: These are abnormalities in the development of the lymph vessels and nodes that can cause swelling, pain, and difficulty breathing.
7. Lymphocystis: This is a rare condition in which small cysts form in the lymph vessels and nodes.
8. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM): This is a rare condition that causes cysts to form in the lungs and can also affect the lymph vessels and nodes.
9. Lipedema: This is a condition in which there is an abnormal accumulation of fat in the legs, thighs, and buttocks, which can cause swelling and pain.
10. Pemphigus: This is a group of rare autoimmune disorders that affect the skin and mucous membranes, leading to blistering and scarring.

Treatment for lymphatic diseases depends on the specific condition and may include compression garments, exercises, and manual lymph drainage therapy. In some cases, medications such as antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed to help manage symptoms. Surgery may also be necessary in some cases to remove blockages or repair damaged vessels.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any persistent swelling or pain, as these can be signs of a lymphatic disease. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Here are some examples of splenic diseases:

1. Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly): This can be caused by various conditions such as viral infections, malaria, and certain autoimmune disorders. An enlarged spleen can cause abdominal pain, fatigue, and difficulty breathing.
2. Sickle Cell Disease: This is a genetic disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia and the formation of sickle-shaped red blood cells. The spleen becomes enlarged as it tries to filter out these abnormal cells.
3. Thalassemia: This is another genetic disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia and the formation of abnormal red blood cells. The spleen can become enlarged in people with thalassemia.
4. Splenic Infarction: This occurs when there is a blockage of blood flow to the spleen, causing tissue death. It can be caused by various conditions such as blood clots, injury, or infection.
5. Splenic Cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that develop within the spleen. They can be benign or malignant and can cause abdominal pain, bleeding, and other symptoms.
6. Splenic Tumors: These are abnormal growths of tissue in the spleen. They can be benign or malignant and can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their size and location.
7. Splenic Abscess: This is a collection of pus within the spleen, usually caused by an infection. It can cause fever, chills, and abdominal pain.
8. Splenectomy: This is the surgical removal of the spleen, often necessary for conditions such as enlarged spleens or cancerous tumors.
9. Trauma: The spleen can be injured by trauma to the abdomen, such as a car accident or fall. This can cause internal bleeding and other complications.
10. Infection: The spleen can become infected by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens, leading to symptoms such as fever, chills, and abdominal pain.

It is important to note that some of these conditions can be serious and even life-threatening, so it is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms that may be related to the spleen.

... (CSD) or felinosis is an infectious disease that most often results from a scratch or bite of a cat. ... "Cat Scratch Disease". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-29. Carithers, H. A. (1985-11-01). "Cat-scratch disease. An overview ... www.cdc.gov/bartonella/cat-scratch/index.html DermNet bacterial/catscratch Cat Scratch Disease on National Organization for ... Cat-scratch disease commonly presents as tender, swollen lymph nodes near the site of the inoculating bite or scratch or on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat-scratch_disease

... of cat bites and scratches become infected. Cat-scratch disease or cat-scratch fever, an infection that causes fever and ... Cat-scratch disease, caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae Cat-scratch disease is a bacterial disease that people may get ... "Cat scratch disease". U.S. National Library of Medicine. September 10, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2017. Rijks, J. M.; Cito, F.; ... Based on reports of people treated for cat bites at hospitals, women are most likely to be victims of cat bites and scratches. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_bite

Cat scratch disease occurs worldwide. Cats are the main reservoir of Bartonella henselae, and the bacterium is transmitted to ... English CK, Wear DJ, Margileth AM, Lissner CR, Walsh GP (March 1988). "Cat-scratch disease. Isolation and culture of the ... This agent was considered the cause of cat-scratch Disease (CSD) but further studies failed to support this conclusion. ... Cat-scratch disease". Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 16 (2): 163-79. doi:10.1097/00006454-199702000-00002. PMID 9041596. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartonellosis

Infectious causes of lymphadenopathy may include bacterial infections such as cat scratch disease, tularemia, brucellosis, or ... Klotz, SA; Ianas, V; Elliott, SP (2011). "Cat-scratch Disease". American Family Physician. 83 (2): 152-155. PMID 21243990. ... hyaline-vascular variant of Castleman's disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease, Kawasaki disease, Kimura disease Benign lymphadenopathy ... cat-scratch disease). The most distinctive sign of bubonic plague is extreme swelling of one or more lymph nodes that bulge out ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphadenopathy

"Bartonella henselae or cat scratch disease (CSD) FAQs , Bartonella , CDC". 14 January 2022. Shelley Knudsen. "Declaws". ... depending on the cat's scratching habits). Other alternatives include regular nail trimming; directing scratching behavior to ... Cat owners' attitudes toward declawing. Anthrozoos 1991;4:192-197. Landsberg GM. Feline scratching and destruction and the ... Without the ability to expose its claws, the cat is unable to wear down or groom its claws. For this reason, the cat ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychectomy

"Cat Scratch Disease in Connecticut-Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Evaluation of a New Diagnostic Test." New England Journal of ... "Cat Scratch Disease in Connecticut-Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Evaluation of a New Diagnostic Test." New England Mazur- ... "Cat-scratch disease: a wide spectrum of clinical pictures." Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii i ... "Cat-scratch disease: a wide spectrum of clinical pictures." Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii i ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartonella_henselae

September 1998). "Cat scratch disease: the rare role of Afipia felis". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 36 (9): 2499-502. doi: ... Formerly the Cat Scratch Disease Bacillus), Afipia clevelandensis sp. nov. (Formerly the Cleveland Clinic Foundation Strain), ... It was formerly thought to cause cat-scratch disease. It is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative rod in the alpha ... a putative etiologic agent of cat scratch disease". Infection and Immunity. 60 (6): 2281-7. doi:10.1128/IAI.60.6.2281-2287.1992 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afipia_felis

Arlet G, Perol-Vauchez Y (1991). "The current status of cat-scratch disease: an update". Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis ... and the discovery of the causative agent of cat-scratch disease. Sarikcioglu L, Sindel M (2007). "Pierre Mollaret (1898-1987) ... A rare disease characterized by recurrent episodes of aseptic meningitis was discovered by Mollaret and named after him - ... called Mollaret's meningitis; this disease is typically caused by herpes simplex virus infection of the CNS, and rarely by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Mollaret

formerly the cat scratch disease bacillus), Afipia clevelandensis sp. nov. (formerly the Cleveland Clinic Foundation strain), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afipia_clevelandensis

"Cat scratch disease and arthropod vectors: more to it than a scratch?". J Am Board Fam Med. 23 (5): 685-6. doi:10.3122/jabfm. ... Bartonella bacteria are associated with cat-scratch disease, but a study in 2010 concluded, "Clinicians should be aware that ... Bartonella henselae is the organism responsible for cat scratch disease. Bartonella species have been infecting humans for ... a history of an animal scratch or bite is not necessary for disease transmission." All current Bartonella species identified in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartonella

formerly the cat scratch disease bacillus), Afipia clevelandensis sp. nov. (formerly the Cleveland Clinic Foundation strain), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afipia_broomeae

"Bartonella Infection (Cat Scratch Disease, Trench Fever, and Carrión's Disease)". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2016-10-17. " ... Bacterial diseases, Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions, Insect-borne diseases, Tropical diseases). ... Carrion's disease is an infectious disease produced by Bartonella bacilliformis infection. It is named after Daniel Alcides ... Some studies have suggested a link between Carrion's disease and heart murmurs due to the disease's impact on the circulatory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrion's_disease

"Beyond Cat Scratch Disease: Widening Spectrum of Bartonella henselae Infection". Pediatrics. 121 (5): e1413-e1425. doi:10.1542/ ... Play Therapy and Cat Toys Article from ASPCA's Virtual Pet Behaviorist on cat toys Hazards of cat toys (ASPCA) Cat exercise ... A cat that catches its prey every time soon gets bored, and a cat that is never successful at capture can lose interest. The ... Capturing prey at this rate generally maximizes a cat's interest in the game. If playing with a human's bare hands, a cat will ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_play_and_toys

Bartonella bacteria cause cat scratch disease, trench fever, and Carron disease. These bacteria may be spread through contact ... Bartonella pathogens (which can cause cat scratch disease, trench fever, and Carron disease) and various viruses were also ... Viral diseases spread by rats include rat-bite fever and hemorrhagic fevers caused by Seoul hantavirus. A survey conducted by ... While at least 18 of the viruses found are known to cause disease in humans, it is unclear how infectious the rats are to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rats_in_New_York_City

... is a zoonotic pathogen which can cause cat scratch disease. Clinical and Pathologic Evaluation of ... cat scratch disease)". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 35 (7): 1813-8. doi:10.1128/JCM.35.7.1813-1818.1997. PMC 229848. PMID ... Emerging Infectious Diseases. 17 (9): 1773-1775. doi:10.3201/eid1709.102063. PMC 3322077. PMID 21888825. Kordick, D. L.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartonella_clarridgeiae

"Adult systemic cat scratch disease associated with therapy for hepatitis C". BMC Infectious Diseases. 7: 8. doi:10.1186/1471- ... Delayed IFN-I response contributes to the pathogenic inflammation (cytokine storm) seen in later stages of COVID-19 disease. ... Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG (2012). Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Disease. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. ... This treatment may help in reducing attacks in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and slowing disease progression and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

... cat-scratch disease and toxoplasmosis. In ancient Egypt, cats were worshipped, and the goddess Bastet often depicted in cat ... Ailurophobia Animal testing on cats Animal track Cancer in cats Cat bite Cat café Cat collar Cat lady Cat lover culture Cat ... The Cat Expert - Cat articles View the cat genome in Ensembl Scientific American, "The Origin of the Cat", 20 August 1881, pp. ... In some cases, the cat exhibits no symptoms of the disease. The same disease can then become evident in a human. The likelihood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat

Differential diagnosis includes: leishmaniasis, nocardiosis, mycobacterium marinum, cat-scratch disease, leprosy, syphilis, ... Bird diseases, Bovine diseases, Cat diseases, Horse diseases, Mycosis-related cutaneous conditions, Rodent diseases, Sheep and ... Sykes, Jane E. (2022). Greene's Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1054. ISBN 9780323509336. ... Diseases resulting from fungi and yeasts". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 314- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporotrichosis

... and cat-scratch disease. Examples of noninfectious granulomatous diseases are sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, berylliosis, ... Cat-scratch disease is an infection caused by the bacterial organism Bartonella henselae, typically acquired by a scratch from ... or cat-scratch disease. In terms of the underlying cause, the difference between granulomas and other types of inflammation is ... The granulomas in this disease are found in the lymph nodes draining the site of the scratch. They are characteristically " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granuloma

It is also important for confirmation of Bartonella henselae, a causative organism in cat-scratch disease. Warthin-Starry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warthin–Starry_stain

It also contains animal-associated bacteria such as Afipia felis, formerly thought to cause cat-scratch disease. Others are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrobacteraceae

Most cases are caused by cat-scratch disease, although it is an unusual feature of this condition. Occasionally it may be ... Infectious diseases, Herpes simplex virus-associated diseases, Syndromes caused by microbes, All stub articles, Infectious ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parinaud's_oculoglandular_syndrome

Cat bites may become infected, sometimes with serious consequences such as cat-scratch disease, or, very rarely, rabies. Cats ... Cats portal Bodega cat Cat bite Cat café Cat lady Cat lover culture Cat massage Cat meat Cat show Cats and Islam Cats by ... country Cats in ancient Egypt Farm cat Feral cat Library cat Lolcat National Cat Day Ship's cat Zoonosis "About Pets". IFAH ... The domestic cat is also an excellent model for human infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS. Feline immunodeficiency virus ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_interaction_with_cats

... causative agent of Cat Scratch Disease; Bartonella quintana, causative agent of "Trench Fever"; and Bartonella bacilliformis, ... "Impact of Nosema Disease and American Foulbrood on Gut Bacterial Communities of Honeybees Apis mellifera". Insects. 12 (6): 525 ... causative agent of Carrion's Disease. Pathogenic Bartonellae are transmitted by biting arthropod vector, which in combination ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartonella_apis

Cat-scratch disease is caused by Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana, which are transmitted by fleas that are endemic ... Major modern diseases such as Ebola virus disease and salmonellosis are zoonoses. HIV was a zoonotic disease transmitted to ... Most human diseases originated in non-humans; however, only diseases that routinely involve non-human to human transmission, ... Pets may also serve as a reservoir of viral disease and contribute to the chronic presence of certain viral diseases in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoonosis

The differential diagnosis includes non-neoplastic causes of lymphadenopathy (e.g. cat-scratch fever, Kikuchi disease) and ... "Progressive transformation of germinal centers with and without association to Hodgkin's disease". Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 93 (2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_transformation_of_germinal_centres

Journal of Clinical Investigation 80:1238-1244, 1987 doi:10.1172/JCI113198 Cat-Scratch Disease, Bacillary Angiomatosis, and ... His work earned the Oswald Avery Award of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and an Outstanding Faculty Award from the ... "Prestigious 2021 Infectious Disease Awardees Announced". PR Newswire (cision.com). November 17, 2020. (CS1 maint: archived copy ... He has chaired UVA's Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health since 2001. In his laboratory, Petri studies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_A._Petri

Other uses include cat scratch disease and other infections due to bartonella, cryptosporidiosis, as a second line agent in ... This includes strep throat, pneumonia, skin infections, H. pylori infection, and Lyme disease, among others. Clarithromycin can ... in patients with heart disease" (PDF). FDA Drug Safety Communication. Portal: Medicine (All articles with bare URLs for ... Lyme disease and toxoplasmosis. It may also be used to prevent bacterial endocarditis in those who cannot take penicillin. It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarithromycin

Beyond cat scratch disease: a case report of bartonella infection mimicking vasculitic disorder. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2012;2012 ... Tangier disease is also linked to CL abnormalities. Tangier disease is characterized by very low blood plasma levels of HDL ... Heart disease is twice as common in people with diabetes. In diabetics, cardiovascular complications occur at an earlier age ... Recently, it is reported that in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and heart failure, decreased CL levels and change in acyl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiolipin

It is used to find the organisms that cause cat-scratch disease (Bartonella henselae) and syphilis (Treponema pallidum) and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieterle_stain

Disease outbreaks in New Zealand, Disease outbreaks in Norway, Disease outbreaks in Peru, Disease outbreaks in Poland, Disease ... It may spread from infected animals by handling infected meat or via bites or scratches. Human-to-human transmission can occur ... "Qualitative assessment of the risk to the UK human population of monkeypox infection in a canine, feline, mustelid, lagomorph ... Disease outbreaks in Belgium, Disease outbreaks in Brazil, Disease outbreaks in Bulgaria, Disease outbreaks in Canada, Disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_monkeypox_outbreak

... see Cri du chat Cat eye syndrome Cat Rodrigues syndrome Cat scratch disease Cataract Cataract, congenital ichthyosis Cataract ... Marie-Tooth disease type 1A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1C Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ... Marie-Tooth disease type 2C Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ... Tooth disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease deafness dominant type Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(C)

Diseases associated with this genus include smallpox, cowpox, horsepox, camelpox, and monkeypox. The most widely known member ... One common host is the domestic cat, from which human infections are most often acquired. Cowpox virus has also infected a ... In addition, needle sticks with concentrated virus or scratches from infected animals may result in local infection of the skin ... Bennett, M; Gaskell, C.J.; Baxby, D.; Gaskell, R.M.; Kelly, D.F.; Naidoo, J. (1990). "Feline cowpox virus infection". Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthopoxvirus

Bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat scratch disease, a normally harmless disease, but, in people with a weakened ... TAAs are just one of many methods bacteria use to infect their hosts, infection resulting in diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis ... All Trimeric Autotransporter Adhesins are crucial virulence factors that cause serious disease in humans. The most-studied and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimeric_autotransporter_adhesin

In some environments, infection is injected by scratches from thistles of both growing and felled plants. Symptoms include ... cats, mountain goats, bighorn sheep, dall sheep, and red squirrels. It has been recorded since the late 19th century and has ... The vaccine used in sheep to prevent orf is live and has been known to cause disease in humans. The disease is endemic in ... Orf is primarily a disease of sheep and goats although it has been reported as a natural disease in humans, steenbok and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orf_(disease)

Jerry Brito (November 7, 2011). "Congress's Piracy Blacklist Plan: A Cure Worse than the Disease?". Time. Archived from the ... Gavin Clarke (November 16, 2011). "Mozilla stirs netizens against US anti-piracy law: Dancing cats take-down threat". The ... ". "Issa said the legislation is beyond repair and must be rewritten from scratch", reported The Hill. Issa and Lofgren ... "counterproductive cat-and-mouse game of censorship and circumvention [that] would drive savvy scofflaws to darknets while ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Online_Piracy_Act

Instead of using brushes, they even use their own hands, scratching the canvas, emphasizing the gestural effect. Jean Fautrier ... Cat in the Mirror (1977-1980), Nude Lying Down (1983), Latent (1995). Ivan Albright was framed in the so-called magical realism ... showing with crudeness the effects of the disease; and Théodore Chassériau, who tried to synthesize the line of Ingres with the ... on which he draws or scratches, until he achieves the desired image. Jean Dubuffet began in 1950 his series of Bodies of a Lady ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_nude_in_art

Cats not only use their tongue for grooming to control ectoparasites but scratch grooming as well may aid in dislodging fleas ... heartworm disease, head trauma, or drug poisoning. In many cases, feline panting, especially if accompanied by other symptoms, ... Relaxing cat Stretching cat Yawning cat Yawning kitten Alert cat Tense cat Fearful cat Terrified cat Oral grooming for domestic ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cat behavior. Cat behaviorist Cat communication Cat play and toys Ethology Cat training ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_behavior

Tipton, Jerry (February 21, 1991). "Cats Run Afoul of Vandy; Commodores Hit 40 at Line, Kill Cats With 18-2 2nd-Half Run". ... Farmer returned to score a team-high 21 points, but also suffered a scratched eye, in a win that gave Kentucky the best record ... "State Expands Ban on Animals - Goal is to Prevent Livestock Disease". Lexington Herald-Leader. July 28, 2005. p. B2. Fortune, ... Tipton, Jerry (November 23, 1991). "Bye-Bye, N.Y.! Pitt Stings Cats 85-67; UK Goes Cold as Pittsburgh Advances in Pre-Season ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richie_Farmer

Laxman Swaroop (2 October 2009). The Obsidian Eye: Cat Journeys Through an Impossible Universe. PublishAmerica. p. 121. ISBN ... a disease that left him temporarily paralyzed from the waist down. Guinness later reflected on the scene, calling it the " ... scratches through every reel, colour fading. Unique to this film, in some ways, were other issues related to poorly made ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai

"Fungal disease is killing New Zealand's rare kākāpō". 21 May 2019. "Sad news from the last couple of weeks". Facebook. 30 ... Scratch - hatched: 2009; mother: Flossie, father: Whiskas. Sinbad - hatched: 1998; mother: Flossie, father: Richard Henry; ... Adler‡ - missing on Stewart island since 1981 (presumed killed by cats): hatched 1981; mother Nora, father Rangi Tawbert‡ - ... Scratch '09; died: January 2011 Waynebo - father of Ariki, Konini, Pearl, Al, Tumeke, Hine Taumai, Aparima '02; Pounamu '05; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kākāpō

... himself lucky to get off with imperial displeasure and a deep scratch on the ankle when he accidentally steps on a cat's tail. ... He is very fond of Reza, who bears a great resemblance to his mother and is dying of Tay-Sachs disease. Nadir has a great ... dislike of cats, and they seem to know it. Unfortunately, the shah owns a number of favorite cats and Nadir considers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Persian

People in the area still say that, on her deathbed, Anne saw black cats on the walls and could hear and smell bacon frying.[ ... Many believe that Dula caught the disease from Pauline Foster, then passed it on to both Anne and Laura.[citation needed] Once ... Not least of these is that Dula came through the war without a scratch, with Governor Vance making use of Dula's supposed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Dula

Physics: Marc-Antoine Fardin, for using fluid dynamics to probe the question "Can a Cat Be Both a Solid and a Liquid?" Peace: ... you can relieve it by looking into a mirror and scratching the right side of your body (and vice versa). Psychology: Evelyne ... Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 57 (2): 357-367. doi:10.7589/2019-08-202. ISSN 0090-3558. PMID 33822147. S2CID 232357722. "2022 ... Computer Science - Presented to Chris Niswander of Tucson, Arizona, for inventing PawSense, software that detects when a cat is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ig_Nobel_Prize_winners

The severity of disease produced by M. haemofelis varies, with some cats having mild anemia and no clinical signs and others ... It is thought that biting and scratching may result in the infection of toms involved in aggressive behavior. Non-flea means of ... 2006). Infectious diseases of the dog and cat (3rd ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4160-3600-5. Willi, ... Left untreated, as many as one-third of cats with acute M. haemofelis infection will die from severe anemia. In cats that mount ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_haemofelis

... or neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. These conditions can cause anosmia. In ... Doctors can detect damage to the olfactory system by presenting the patient with odors via a scratch and sniff card or by ... from the Amygdaloid Complex and Adjacent Olfactory Structures to the Entorhinal Cortex and to the Subiculum in the Rat and Cat ... These diseases have more moderate effects on the olfactory system than Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. Furthermore, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_system

"MSU planning Cat Walk for Friday." Bozeman Daily Chronicle. August 25, 2011; Hergett, Rachel. "Bobcats Take Spirit to the ... Her mother was diagnosed with the same disease at the age of 64. Schontzler, Gail. "Cruzado Sees Great Things for MSU." Bozeman ... A new search committee was formed, and the presidential search process started from scratch. Garrey Carruthers, former Governor ... In August 2010, Cruzado initiated a new tradition at MSU, the "Community Cat Walk". Led by a costumed Champ the Bobcat, the MSU ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waded_Cruzado

Cats may also use grooming to scratch itchy areas of the body. Cats sometimes repeatedly tread their front paws on humans or ... heartworm disease, head trauma, or drug poisoning. In many cases, feline panting, especially if accompanied by other symptoms, ... It is now evident that domestic cats meow more than feral cats. A cat meowing Problems playing this file? See media help. Cat ... Dominance can be seen among cats in multi-cat households. "Subordinate" cats submit to the "dominant" cat. Dominance includes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_communication

"Fat Cat Hotel: How Democratic High-Rollers are Rewarded with Overnight Stays at the White House" by the Public i staff and ... "from scratch" had been supplanted by the use of ALEC bills in many states.: 110 Mississippi-with a total population of less ... and lawyers working for the coal industry helped defeat benefit claims of coal miners who had contracted black lung disease. ... CPI released a report called Fat Cat Hotel: How Democratic High-Rollers Are Rewarded with Overnight Stays at the White House. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Public_Integrity

Bang's disease, Malta fever, undulant fever) Bubonic plague Bullous impetigo Cat scratch disease (cat scratch fever, English- ... Adult linear IgA disease Bullous pemphigoid Bullous lupus erythematosus Childhood linear IgA disease (chronic bullous disease ... dark dot disease, Dowling-Degos' disease) Reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura Revesz syndrome Riehl melanosis Scratch ... Weil's disease) Listeriosis Ludwig's angina Lupoid sycosis Lyme disease (Afzelius' disease, Lyme borreliosis) Lymphogranuloma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions

Small, isolated populations also risk extirpation by natural disasters and disease outbreaks (epizootics). Two diseases that ... Most lemurs possess a laterally compressed, elongated nail, called a toilet-claw, on the second toe and use it for scratching ... Other predators include native euplerids, such as the fossa, feral cats, domestic dogs, snakes, diurnal birds of prey, and ... Although lemurs in captivity have been shown to be prone to hemosiderosis, the frequency of the disease varies across ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemur

Donner felt it was best to start from scratch. "They had prepared the picture for a year and not one bit was useful to me." ... Keenan Wynn was originally cast, but dropped out shortly before filming because of heart disease. Cooper, who originally ... rescues a girl's cat from a tree, and saves Air Force One after a lightning strike destroys an engine. The "caped wonder" is an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)

In contrast, felines are rarely infected by M. pachydermatis but when Malassezia spp. dermatitis does occur, it is not ... Symptoms include excessive scratching, head shaking, odour, and reddish-brown waxy deposits within the ear canal. Malassezia ... Akerstedt, J.; Vollset, I. (May 1996). "Malassezia pachydermatis with special reference to canine skin disease". British ... A commensal fungus, it can be found within the microflora of healthy mammals such as humans, cats and dogs, However, it is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malassezia_pachydermatis

CR-39 is the most common plastic lens, due to low weight, high scratch resistance, and low transparency for ultraviolet and ... "Ancient Designer Sunglasses, a Playwright and a War Hero". Venetian Cat. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 2021-08-07. "Turn pin ... because sensitivity to light being one of the symptoms of the disease,[dubious - discuss] although no sources have been found ... An anti-reflection coating is recommended, and a hard coating to protect the lenses from scratches. Sunglasses with deep side ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunglasses

However, some animals can also pass diseases to people. These diseases are called zoonoses. ... Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a bacterial infection spread by cats. The disease spreads when an infected cat licks a persons ... An enlarged lymph node in the armpit region of a person with cat scratch disease, and partially healed wounds from a cat ... Cat-scratch disease in children-Texas, September 2000-August 2001. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2002 Mar;51(10):212- ...

https://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/diseases/cat-scratch.html

... you may have cat scratch disease, also called cat scratch fever. Find out more. ... If you feel sick after a you have been scratched or bitten by a cat, ... Cat-Scratch Disease (American Academy of Family Physicians) Also in Spanish * Cat-Scratch Disease (Centers for Disease Control ... Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an illness caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae. Almost half of all cats carry the ...

https://medlineplus.gov/catscratchdisease.html

Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Encephalitis Associated with Cat Scratch Disease -- Broward and Palm Beach Counties, Florida, ... Serologic results for cat scratch disease encephalitis patients... Article. On August 14, 1994, the Broward County Public ... Cat-scratch disease. Am J Dis Child 1991;145:98-101. 4. Regnery R, Martin M, Olson J. Naturally occurring Rochalimaea henselae ... Cat scratch disease in Connecticut: epidemiology, risk factors, and evaluation of a new diagnostic test. N Engl J Med 1993;329: ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0033958/m0033958.asp

Seasonality of Cat-Scratch Disease, France, 1999-2009. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2011;17(4):705-707. doi:10.3201/ ... Mean numbers of patients tested for cat-scratch disease and for whom the disease was diagnosed, France, 1999-2009. Error bars ... Mean numbers of patients tested for cat-scratch disease and for whom the disease was diagnosed, France, 1999-2009. Error bars ... Role of cat-scratch disease in lymphadenopathy in the head and neck. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:643-9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/4/10-0825

Cat Scratch Disease is an infection caused when an infected cat licks a persons. Learn more about its causes and other ... What is cat scratch disease?. Cat scratches and bites can cause cat scratch disease, a bacterial infection carried in cat ... Treatment for cat scratch disease:. Specific treatment for cat scratch disease will be determined by your physician based on ... What are the symptoms of cat scratch disease?. The following are the most common symptoms of cat scratch disease. However, each ...

https://jghdelhi.net/diseases/cat-scratch-disease/

Diagnosis of "cat scratch disease" depends on a history of scratch or bite from a cat, as well as the typical progression of ... Cat scratch disease is believed to be fairly common. However, most infections never progress to the full-blown "cat scratch ... "cat scratch disease" from the kitten. As the name implies, this infection usually happens after being scratched by a cat, ... Is there a way to prevent "cat scratch disease" at all? The only sure way is not to get a cat. In your situation, you can ...

https://www.askdrwong.ca/young-kitten-can-cause-cat-scratch-disease/

Lymphadenopathy associated with cat-scratch disease in a child. Lymphadenopathy associated with cat-scratch disease in a child ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-34155048

Cat or Dog Ownership and Seroprevalence of Ehrlichiosis, Q Fever, and Cat-Scratch Disease. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2003;9 ... Cat or Dog Ownership and Seroprevalence of Ehrlichiosis, Q Fever, and Cat-Scratch Disease On This Page ... Cat or Dog Ownership and Seroprevalence of Ehrlichiosis, Q Fever, and Cat-Scratch Disease. Volume 9, Number 10-October 2003 ... Cat or Dog Ownership and Seroprevalence of Ehrlichiosis, Q Fever, and Cat-Scratch Disease. ...

https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/article/9/10/03-0206_article

Although cat-scratch disease is also associated with cats, it presents with regional lymphadenopathy rather than the linear ... She noted that the first lesion appeared about a week after her cat had scratched her left arm. Over the next several weeks, ... The differential diagnosis includes other granulomatous diseases or diseases with lymphangitic spread, including atypical ... Toxoplasmosis is associated with the handling of cat feces, but skin lesions are uncommon and do not usually show a linear ...

https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/0101/p125.html

Categories: Cat-Scratch Disease Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Cat-Scratch+Disease&parentid=4029&catid=5542

henselae causes cat-scratch disease and is increasingly associated with several other syndromes, particularly ocular infections ... Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2008;14(7):1181. doi:10.3201/eid1407.080346.. APA. Ortega, Y. R. (2008). Foodborne Diseases. ... Spread of Vector-borne Diseases and Neglect of Leishmaniasis, Europe. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2008;14(7):1013-1018. doi: ... Integrating Host Genomics with Surveillance for Invasive Bacterial Diseases. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2008;14(7):1138-1140 ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/articles/issue/14/7/table-of-contents

Some diseases that cats can spread to people include: Cat Scratch Disease (Bartonella), Tularemia … have to rehome your cat. ... Safely Caring for a Cat … put people who are pregnant or have a weakened immune system at higher risk for infection. ... This … not Seek care for your cat from a veterinarian if they have any of the following symptoms: If someone in your family ... Consider these precautions to prevent disease: Tell a veterinarian if someone in your family is planning on becoming pregnant ...

https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/search?search=someone&f%5B0%5D=field_topics%3A943&f%5B1%5D=field_topics%3A1249&f%5B2%5D=field_topics%3A1849&f%5B3%5D=field_topics%3A888&f%5B4%5D=field_topics%3A1071&f%5B5%5D=field_topics%3A966&f%5B6%5D=field_topics%3A1073&f%5B7%5D=field_topics%3A1883&page=5

Learn cat scratch fever symptoms to watch for and treatment options recommended. ... Cat scratch fever is a rare disease seen in cats thats transmissible to humans. ... Cat scratch fever, sometimes referred to as cat scratch disease, is one of a handful of illnesses known as zoonotic diseases ... Avoiding Cat Scratch Fever and Other Zoonotic Diseases. It is possible to avoid cat scratch fever and other types of zoonotic ...

https://www.purina.ca/articles/cat/health/can-i-get-sick-from-my-cat

Previous studies on Bartonella henselae (B. henselae for short), the bacterium responsible for the cat-scratch disease, have ... Cat-scratch disease and trench fever are forms of bartonellosis caused by different Bartonella species infecting humans. ... Critical Schrödinger Cat Code: Quantum Computing Breakthrough for Better Qubits * Quebec Wildfires Spark "Hazardous" Air Crisis ... Bacteria of the genus Bartonella are parasites that can be transmitted to humans via insect bites and animal scratches, ...

https://scitechdaily.com/lesions-of-doom-how-a-parasitic-bacterium-disrupts-blood-vessels-in-the-human-body/

Specific viral diseases include rabies, cat scratch disease, orf, milkers nodules, newcastle disease, and viral hepatitis. ... Occupational diseases: a guide to their recognition, revised edition. Key MM, Henschel AF, Butler J, Ligs RN, Tabershaw IR, eds ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. ... Rickettsial and chlamydial diseases include Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Q-fever, and ornithosis. The most common bacterial ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=skin&t3=1&f1=%2A&s5=percutaneous&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=dermal&t4=1&terms=7&Adv=1&ct=&B1=Search&f2=%2A&t2=1&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&s3=dermatitis&f3=%2A&s4=cutaneous&EndYear=&f4=%2A&f5=%2A&whichdate=DP&D1=10&PageNo=404&RecNo=4038&View=f&

Transverse myelitis associated with probable cat-scratch disease in a previously healthy pediatric patient. Clinical infectious ... Archives of disease in childhood, 1997, 76:167-8.. *Defresne P et al. Efficacy of high dose steroid therapy in children with ... This disease occurs commonly among adults and rarely in the paediatric population, especially children under 2 years of age [2, ... The differential diagnosis of an acute disease of the spinal cord includes many conditions [6,7]. Bacterial abscesses, spinal ...

https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-15-2009/volume-15-issue-1/article27.html

Cat scratch disease, fungal diseases, infectious mononucleosis, sarcoidosis, Behcets disease, inflammatory bowel diseases ( ... Chronic erythema nodosum, with occasional recurrences, can occur with or without an underlying disease present. ... Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis), and normal pregnancy.. How is erythema nodosum diagnosed?. The doctor would first do a ...

https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/erythema-nodosum

Cat-scratch disease A282 Extraintestinal yersiniosis A288 Other specified zoonotic bacterial diseases, not elsewhere classified ... von Gierke disease E7402 Pompe disease E7403 Cori disease E7404 McArdle disease E7409 Other glycogen storage disease E7420 ... disease B5732 Megacolon in Chagas disease B5739 Other digestive system involvement in Chagas disease B5740 Chagas disease ... Sezary disease, intra-abdominal lymph nodes C8414 Sezary disease, lymph nodes of axilla and upper limb C8415 Sezary disease, ...

https://www.hhs.gov/guidance/sites/default/files/hhs-guidance-documents/v31R-full_appendix_F_J.txt

Cat Bites see Animal Bites (28). *Cat Scratch Disease see Animal Diseases and Your Health (0) ... Venereal Disease see Sexually Transmitted Diseases (49). *Veterans and Military Family Health see Veterans and Military Health ... Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease see COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) (48). *Church-Based Programs see Faith ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease see Neurologic Diseases (114). *Chemical Dependency Treatment Programs see Drug Abuse Treatment ...

https://www.handsonhealth-sc.org/golocal/golocalall.php?p=1&v=3&county_id=11

Cat scratch disease - after a bite or scratch from an infected cat or kitten, a child will develop a few lesions at the scratch ... Facts About Fifth Disease. Other things to know about fifth disease include that:. *Fifth disease is caused by the parvovirus ... Symptoms of Fifth Disease. Fifth disease can cause a child to look like they have slapped cheeks. Photo by Dr. Philip S. ... What to Know About Fifth Disease. Fifth disease is a common viral infection that causes a characteristic rash on a childs ...

https://keepkidshealthy.com/category/symptoms/

A28.1 Cat-scratch disease A28.2 Extraintestinal yersiniosis A28.8 Other specified zoonotic bacterial diseases, not elsewhere ... 867 Other infectious and parasitic diseases diagnoses with mcc. *868 Other infectious and parasitic diseases diagnoses with cc ... carrier or suspected carrier of infectious disease (Z22.-). *infectious and parasitic diseases complicating pregnancy, ... Certain infectious and parasitic diseases. Includes*diseases generally recognized as communicable or transmissible ...

https://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes/A00-B99/A20-A28/A28-/A28.0

... and cat scratch disease. ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four ... tickborne rickettsial disease. Her other recent projects include an investigation of zoonotic diseases in the Great Smokey ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. ... As a native of North Carolina, she developed a strong interest in rickettsial diseases while living, training, and practicing ...

http://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/authors/joanna-regan

Cat scratch disease. Lyme disease. Pertussis. Chlamydia. Strep pharyngitis. Cholera. Intra-abdominal infections. Prostatitis. ... Cat scratch disease. Lyme disease. Pertussis. Chlamydia. Strep pharyngitis. Cholera. Intra-abdominal infections. Prostatitis. ... Cat scratch disease. Lyme disease. Pertussis. Chlamydia. Strep pharyngitis. Cholera. Intra-abdominal infections. Prostatitis. ... Cat scratch disease. Lyme disease. Pertussis. Chlamydia. Strep pharyngitis. Cholera. Intra-abdominal infections. Prostatitis. ...

https://jasemedical.com/lf

result sql = Cat-scratch disease. Cat-scratch disease (902). char = c;code = 99. char = e;code = 101. char = l;code = 108. char ... result sql = Cat-scratch disease. char = C;code = 67. char = a;code = 97. char = t;code = 116. char = -;code = 45. char = s; ... result sql = Lyme disease. Lyme disease (902). char = M;code = 77. char = é;code = 233. char = n;code = 110. char = i;code = ... result sql = heart disease. heart disease (902). char = H;code = 72. char = o;code = 111. char = d;code = 100. char = g;code = ...

https://science.naturalnews.com/2000/7081234_Serum_selenium_and_subsequent_risk_of_prostate_cancer.html

... or scratches a person, it can cause cat scratch fever (also called cat scratch disease or Bartonellosis) in that person. ... However, if your cat encounters a pathogenic bacterium (one that can cause disease) and their immune system is not able to ... Most of these bacteria are harmless, and your cats immune system will protect them from many of those that can cause disease. ... However, if your cat encounters a harmful or pathogenic bacteria, they can multiply within your cats body resulting in a ...

https://cats.com/bacterial-infections

Cat Scratch Disease Cat Scratch Diseases Cat Scratch Fever Cat Scratch Fevers Cat-Scratch Diseases Catscratch Disease ... Cat Scratch Disease. Cat Scratch Diseases. Cat Scratch Fever. Cat Scratch Fevers. Cat-Scratch Diseases. Catscratch Disease. ... Scratch Disease, Cat. Scratch Diseases, Cat. Scratch Fever, Cat. Tree number(s):. C01.150.252.400.126.100.150. C15.604.315.249 ... Catscratch Diseases Fever, Cat Scratch Infection, Bartonella henselae Infections, Bartonella henselae Inoculation ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=2417&filter=ths_exact_term&q=ENFERMEDAD+POR+RASGU%C3%91O+DE+GATO

Should I go to doctor after cat scratch?. Contact your doctor if you develop any symptoms of cat scratch disease or infection. ... Do you need antibiotics for cat scratch fever?. Most cases of cat-scratch disease are self-limited and do not require ... Is doxycycline good for cat scratch?. Cat-scratch disease is usually a self-limited illness that does not necessarily require ... How do you treat an infected cat scratch?. Cat-scratch disease treatment ...

https://mattstillwell.net/what-antibiotic-is-best-for-cat-scratches/

Granulomatous Disease. *Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare (MAI). *Cat Scratch Disease (Bartonella henslae) ... Indications: Signs of serious disease indicating early biopsy. *Progressively enlarging firm-hard node ,2 cm diameter ...

https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/ENT/HemeOnc/NckMssInChldrn.htm

cat scratch disease. CSF. cerebrospinal fluid. CSH. combat support hospital CT. computed tomography ... CAT. computerized axial tomography. cat-scratch fever. A bacterial infection that usually arises one or more weeks following a ... A disease or condition arising during the treatment of another disease.. compound. A pharmaceutical preparation composed of two ... celiac disease. A disease whose symptoms are precipitated by foods containing gluten, characterized by inflammation of the ...

https://www.easyauscultation.com/wordpartsalphabetic/c

Regnery R, Tappero J. Unraveling mysteries associated with cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, and related syndromes . (cdc.gov)
Because the 2 diseases may coexist, the lesions of bacillary angiomatosis may be easily overlooked. (medscape.com)
Bacillary angiomatosis, however, causes a vascular proliferation, not a formation of stellate abscesses without granuloma formation, as found in cat scratch disease. (medscape.com)
In addition, unlike patients with bacillary angiomatosis, those with cat scratch disease do not respond to antibiotics. (medscape.com)
Molecular detection of Bartonella henselae for the diagnosis of cat scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis of the conjunctiva. (medscape.com)
10. [Bartonella (Rochalimaea) infections: cat-scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis]. (nih.gov)
19. [Cat-scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis. (nih.gov)

Examples for such infections include human granulocytic ehrlichiosis ( Anaplasma phagocytophilum ), cat-scratch disease (CSD, Bartonella henselae ), and Q fever ( Coxiella burnetii ). (cdc.gov)
Typically, CSD is a benign and self-limiting disease in humans, occurring with lymphadenopathy, low-grade fever, primary cutaneous inoculation lesion, and weight loss, lasting 6-12 weeks. (cdc.gov)
In humans, C. burnetii infection usually is asymptomatic (60%) or manifests as a mild disease with fever, headache, myalgias, and spontaneous recovery ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Can My Cat Make Me Sick with Cat Scratch Fever? (purina.ca)
Cat scratch fever, sometimes referred to as cat scratch disease, is one of a handful of illnesses known as zoonotic diseases that can (although rarely do) spread from animals to humans. (purina.ca)
Around 40% of all cats carry the cat scratch fever bacteria - Bartonella henselae - at some point in their lives, usually during kittenhood, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (purina.ca)
Cat scratch fever itself is incredibly rare, and it is even rarer that the disease is fatal for cats or humans. (purina.ca)
Cats become infected with the bacteria that causes cat scratch fever after being bitten by fleas that carry it. (purina.ca)
In some cases (albeit rare), people have acquired cat scratch fever from the direct bite of a flea or tick carrying the Bartonella henselae bacteria. (purina.ca)
And while the animal-to-person route of transmission is well-documented and a real concern, person-to-person contact of cat scratch fever is not possible. (purina.ca)
Cats usually display no symptoms of cat scratch fever. (purina.ca)
Luckily, cat scratch fever is rarely cause for serious concern, and treatment is not typically necessary. (purina.ca)
Most cat scratch fever infections are benign, disappearing on their own after a few months. (purina.ca)
People who exhibit symptoms of cat scratch fever and experience high fever and pain should see a doctor right away. (purina.ca)
Cats rarely become sick from cat scratch fever. (purina.ca)
Among cats, the most at-risk populations for cat scratch fever are kittens and strays or feral cats. (purina.ca)
Moreover, cats living in warmer regions are more susceptible to cat scratch fever because the warmer the climate, the better the conditions for fleas to reproduce. (purina.ca)
Among humans, cat scratch fever is more often seen in children up to age six and in people with immune systems weakened by disease or age. (purina.ca)
According to sources, people are at the highest risk of becoming seriously sick from cat scratch fever if they have HIV, AIDS, diabetes or cancer, or if they are pregnant or the recipient of a transplanted organ. (purina.ca)
Cat scratch fever is not the only disease that can be passed from your pet to human hosts. (purina.ca)
Rickettsial and chlamydial diseases include Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Q-fever, and ornithosis. (cdc.gov)
Cat-scratch disease and trench fever are forms of bartonellosis caused by different Bartonella species infecting humans. (scitechdaily.com)
Her current work focuses on teaching physicians in other areas of the country about Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a potentially lethal, tickborne rickettsial disease. (cdc.gov)
This branch conducts research, investigates outbreaks, and implements public health interventions related to RMSF and other diseases such as ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, Q fever, typhus, and cat scratch disease. (cdc.gov)
Do you need antibiotics for cat scratch fever? (mattstillwell.net)
Is amoxicillin good for cat-scratch fever? (mattstillwell.net)
If a cat bite breaks your skin, you should seek medical attention if: you start having any serious symptoms of an infection, such as fever, chills, pus or fluid oozing from the wound, or swollen lymph nodes. (mattstillwell.net)
Your risk for developing cat-scratch fever may also be higher if you've been around a cat infested with fleas. (mattstillwell.net)
Diseases that move through animal bites or scratches include bacteria like Bartonella that cause cat scratch fever, viruses that cause rabies, or diseases like ringworm that are caused from fungi. (cdc.gov)

However, most infections never progress to the full-blown "cat scratch disease," as a result, many are not aware of its existence. (askdrwong.ca)
Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the infectious diseases society of america. (medscape.com)
Infections are potentially transmitted from domestic animals to humans by scratches, bites, or close contact. (cdc.gov)
3. [Cat-scratch disease and other infections caused by Bartonella species]. (nih.gov)
4. [Cat scratch disease and associated infections]. (nih.gov)
20. Bartonella (Rochalimaea) infections: beyond cat scratch. (nih.gov)
Because cat bites can become infected quickly, and those infections can spread rapidly, it's imperative to seek medical attention immediately following a cat bite or a cat scratch. (mattstillwell.net)
Skin disease and ear infections are another common bacterial infection seen in cats. (cats.com)
Cats commonly suffer from infections in their mouths, particularly if they have had untreated dental disease for some time. (cats.com)
Lower urinary tract infections such as bladder infections (also called cystitis) in cats may cause frequent urination in unusual places, blood in the urine, and pain when urinating, which may cause your cat to cry out. (cats.com)
However, your cat could also suffer from bacterial infections of the blood, immune system, bones and joints, and other organs such as the heart and brain. (cats.com)
Bacterial infections can occur in healthy cats of any age, as your cat encounters thousands of bacteria every day. (cats.com)

Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a bacterial infection spread by cats. (cdc.gov)
Cat scratches and bites can cause cat scratch disease, a bacterial infection carried in cat saliva. (jghdelhi.net)
This bacterial infection can be passed to humans through a cat's claws or teeth when it breaks the skin by scratching or biting. (purina.ca)
A self-limiting bacterial infection of the regional lymph nodes caused by AFIPIA felis, a gram-negative bacterium recently identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and by BARTONELLA HENSELAE . (nih.gov)
Swollen glands (lymph nodes) that develop within a week involving an area of the body that was scratched can be an indication of a bacterial infection. (mattstillwell.net)
A good cleaning and perhaps antibiotic ointment often takes care of the wound, but sometimes, these bites and scratches can result in a bacterial infection. (mattstillwell.net)
However, if your cat encounters a harmful or pathogenic bacteria, they can multiply within your cat's body resulting in a bacterial infection. (cats.com)

If the bite or scratch gets infected or if you have symptoms of CSD, call your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
The germ spreads to people when infected cats bite or scratch a person hard enough to break their skin. (cdc.gov)
Conclusion: Amoxicillin can be used as a prophylactic antibiotic in dog and cat bite or scratch wounds, and there is no significant difference in infection rate from amoxicillin-clavulanate. (mattstillwell.net)

Her other recent projects include an investigation of zoonotic diseases in the Great Smokey Mountains National Park, an RMSF prevention project in Arizona, and a chart review of severe and fatal cases of RMSF. (cdc.gov)

An enlarged lymph node in the armpit region of a person with cat scratch disease, and partially healed wounds from a cat scratch on the hand. (cdc.gov)

12. Beyond cat scratch disease: widening spectrum of Bartonella henselae infection. (nih.gov)

Wash cat bites and scratches well with soap and running water. (cdc.gov)

Bartonella organisms remain viable in flea feces, and transmission to humans results in inoculation of B. henselae -contaminated flea feces into the skin through a scratch ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
However, transmission of B. henselae from cats to humans through scratches is rare ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
After 1 year of age, the cat is less likely to infect humans. (askdrwong.ca)
However, these animals can serve as reservoirs for the agents of important bacterial infectious diseases and as a potential source of infection for humans, even though the infectious animals may be asymptomatic. (cdc.gov)
Bacteria of the genus Bartonella are parasites that can be transmitted to humans via insect bites and animal scratches, resulting in an infection known as "bartonellosis. (scitechdaily.com)
Even if your cat doesn't go outside, just like with fleas, humans and dogs may bring them in and they can easily move over to cats if they are in close proximity. (hartz.com)
Can humans take cat amoxicillin? (mattstillwell.net)
One Health recognizes that the three sectors, that is, people, animals, and the environment, are closely connected to each other, and that movement of diseases from animals to humans can be influenced by changes in the environment they share. (cdc.gov)
Carol Rubin] There are many diseases that people can get directly from cats and dogs, and there are also some diseases that can be transmitted by insects, such as mosquitoes or sand flies that first bite the cat or dog and then transmit the disease when they bite humans. (cdc.gov)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
Joanna Regan, MD, MPH, FAAP is a pediatrician who currently works as a medical epidemiologist in the Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
Announcer] This program is presented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. (cdc.gov)

Rubbing the eyes after petting a cat's fur can also spread cat scratch disease. (jghdelhi.net)
The route to human transmission of the Bartonella henselae bacteria occurs when this bacteria becomes trapped beneath the cat's claws or in its teeth, usually from the cat cleaning itself, scratching, or fighting with other infected cats, and then the cat scratches or bites the human, breaking the skin. (purina.ca)
Most of these bacteria are harmless, and your cat's immune system will protect them from many of those that can cause disease. (cats.com)

Bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat-scratch disease (CSD), the most common cause of lymphadenopathy in adults and children ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Lymphadenopathy associated with cat-scratch disease in a child. (bvsalud.org)
Although cat-scratch disease is also associated with cats, it presents with regional lymphadenopathy rather than the linear pattern of skin nodules seen in sporotrichosis. (aafp.org)
If an antibiotic is chosen to treat cat-scratch disease, azithromycin (Zithromax) appears to be effective at reducing the duration of lymphadenopathy. (mattstillwell.net)

Emerging Infectious Diseases , 14 (7), 1013-1018. (cdc.gov)
Emerging Infectious Diseases , 14 (7), 1019-1023. (cdc.gov)
And recently, researchers have determined that more than 70 percent of emerging infectious diseases in people actually come from animals. (cdc.gov)

Later, the person's lymph nodes near the original scratch or bite can become swollen, tender, or painful. (cdc.gov)

Diagnosis of "cat scratch disease" depends on a history of scratch or bite from a cat, as well as the typical progression of illness. (askdrwong.ca)
Readers should not consider the report or any part of it to be guidance or instruction regarding the diagnosis, care, or treatment of tick-borne diseases or to supersede in any way existing guidance. (hhs.gov)
The differential diagnosis includes other granulomatous diseases or diseases with lymphangitic spread, including atypical mycobacterioses (i.e. (aafp.org)
The differential diagnosis of an acute disease of the spinal cord includes many conditions [6,7]. (who.int)

By scratching and biting at the fleas, cats pick up the infected flea dirt under their nails and between their teeth. (cdc.gov)
Check for fleas by using a flea comb on your cat to inspect for flea dirt. (cdc.gov)
They can also develop the condition if the droppings from infected fleas get into wounds or scratches on the body. (purina.ca)
cat fleas appear to be the most common vectors. (cdc.gov)
Indoors or outdoors, your cat may be at risk for fleas and ticks. (hartz.com)
If you have a dog, your dog may carry fleas to your cat. (hartz.com)
Common areas to find ticks (and fleas) on your cat are inside and behind the ears, under the legs, around the groin, around the neck and shoulders, and between the toes. (hartz.com)
Failing to protect your cat from fleas and ticks can result not only in uncomfortable and unhealthy conditions for the animal, but also potential infestations within your home. (hartz.com)
Even if you get rid of the fleas on your cat, as your cat moves around your home, these eggs can fall off and end up on your furniture and carpet. (hartz.com)
Protecting your cat and home against fleas and ticks with Hartz® UltraGuard® products will enable you and your pet to enjoy the warm, sunny weather without the worry of troublesome pests. (hartz.com)

Affected lymph nodes usually are proximal to the site of a cat scratch or bite, frequently are tender, and may suppurate. (cdc.gov)

Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Br, Div of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC. (cdc.gov)
As a native of North Carolina, she developed a strong interest in rickettsial diseases while living, training, and practicing in a highly endemic area. (cdc.gov)

The Center for Infectious Diseases: Toward the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, 1981. (cdc.gov)

Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an illness caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae. (medlineplus.gov)
Most cats with B. henselae infection show NO signs of illness, but on rare occasions this disease can cause inflammation of the heart-making cats very sick with labored breathing. (cdc.gov)
B henselae and B quintana may stain positively with a specific antiserum against the cat scratch bacillus. (medscape.com)
We report that cat or dog ownership is not associated with an increased seroprevalence of antibodies to Anaplasma phagozytophilum , Coxiella burnetii , and Bartonella henselae in symptom-free persons in Styria, Austria. (cdc.gov)
9. [Bartonella henselae, an ubiquitous agent of proteiform zoonotic disease]. (nih.gov)
11. Bartonella henselae-mediated disease in solid organ transplant recipients: two pediatric cases and a literature review. (nih.gov)
Previous studies on Bartonella henselae (B. henselae for short), the bacterium responsible for the cat-scratch disease, have shown that it can directly "inject" proteins that inhibit programmed cell death (apoptosis) into the endothelial cells. (scitechdaily.com)

The four most common flea-transmitted diseases are bartonellosis, flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) , anemia, and tapeworms. (hartz.com)
When a cat with bartonellosis scratches a human, this can cause an infection called cat scratch disease. (hartz.com)

Contact your doctor if you develop any symptoms of cat scratch disease or infection. (cdc.gov)
What are the symptoms of cat scratch disease? (jghdelhi.net)
The symptoms of cat scratch disease may resemble other conditions or medical problems. (jghdelhi.net)

Kittens are also more likely to scratch and bite while they play and learn how to attack prey. (cdc.gov)
Young kittens younger than 1 year of age are more likely to scratch, increasing the likelihood of infection. (jghdelhi.net)
It is quite possible that at least part of the reason is the playfulness of young kittens biting and scratching their owners. (askdrwong.ca)

Fungal diseases are mostly confined to farm workers, outdoor workers, and animal breeders. (cdc.gov)

An old and a new infectious disease with common etiology? (nih.gov)
C9229 Systemic Disorder C128453 Pediatric Infectious Disease Terminology C34578 Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ADEM An inflammatory process affecting the central nervous system. (nih.gov)
C34580 Encephalomyelitis C128453 Pediatric Infectious Disease Terminology C128379 Acute Flaccid Myelitis Acute Flaccid Myelitis An acute onset of focal limb weakness that is associated mainly with gray matter abnormalities or CSF pleocytosis, but which is without an apparent cause. (nih.gov)
C96411 Pediatric Viral Infection C128453 Pediatric Infectious Disease Terminology C128411 Acute Sinusitis Acute Sinusitis Sinusitis lasting less than or equal to thirty days. (nih.gov)
C128453 Pediatric Infectious Disease Terminology C128378 Acute Transverse Myelitis Acute Transverse Myelitis A neurologic disorder that is caused by inflammation across both sides of one level, or segment, of the spinal cord. (nih.gov)
from NINDS) C128453 Pediatric Infectious Disease Terminology C128344 Adult Intestinal Botulism Adult Intestinal Botulism Adult Intestinal Toxemia Botulism A rare form of botulism that occurs among adults by the same mechanism as infant botulism. (nih.gov)
C128453 Pediatric Infectious Disease Terminology C84541 African Trypanosomiasis African Trypanosomiasis A parasitic disorder caused by protozoa of the Trypanosoma brucei species. (nih.gov)

Viral diseases likely encountered on the job include animal respiratory viruses, poxviruses, enteroviruses, and arboviruses. (cdc.gov)
evolution of viruses and viral diseases. (cdc.gov)

1. Cat-scratch disease and related clinical syndromes. (nih.gov)

Yes, it is possible to pick up an infection called "cat scratch disease" from the kitten. (askdrwong.ca)

The disease spreads when an infected cat licks a person's open wound, or bites or scratches a person hard enough to break the surface of the skin. (cdc.gov)
The bacteria are passed from a cat to a human after the cat licks its paws then scratches human skin. (jghdelhi.net)

About three to 14 days after the skin is broken, a mild infection can occur at the site of the scratch or bite. (cdc.gov)
It usually arises one or more weeks following a feline scratch, with raised inflammatory nodules at the site of the scratch being the primary symptom. (nih.gov)

Should cat scratches be treated with antibiotics? (mattstillwell.net)
Cat scratch disease can be treated by antibiotics. (mattstillwell.net)

The Prevention and Treatment Subcommittee of the 2021-2022 Tick-Borne Disease Working Group convened to address advances and gaps in the prevention and treatment of tick-borne diseases (TBDs). (hhs.gov)
During the public meeting on August 26, 2021, the Tick-Borne Disease Working Group selected Dennis M. Dixon, a federal representative, and Sunil K. Sood, a public representative, to serve as co-chairs of the Disease Prevention and Treatment Subcommittee. (hhs.gov)

5. Cat-scratch disease: epidemiology, aetiology and treatment. (nih.gov)

The investigators stated that although by 2004, with the aid of federal funding, well-developed West Nile virus surveillance systems existed in almost every state, by 2012, following a 61% decrease in federal funding, many health departments had reduced such surveillance and lacked a systematic, disease-based surveillance system for other arboviruses. (medscape.com)

If you do get a scratch or bite, wash it well with soap and water. (medlineplus.gov)
Wash your hands with soap and running water after playing with your cat, especially if you live with young children or people with weakened immune systems. (cdc.gov)
If there is any scratch or bite, immediately wash the wound with soap and water. (askdrwong.ca)
If you are scratched or bitten by a cat or kitten, it is important to promptly wash the area with soap and water. (mattstillwell.net)

These cats should be checked for ticks on a daily basis, or else they are at risk for serious illnesses such as Lyme disease or feline infectious anemia transmitted by tick bites. (hartz.com)

However, this infection may lead to serious complications and even death in patients with acute disease, especially those with meningoencephalitis and myocarditis and, more frequently, in chronically infected patients with endocarditis. (cdc.gov)

Check with your veterinarian before applying ANY flea product to make sure it is safe for your cat and your family. (cdc.gov)
Using Hartz® UltraGuard Pro® Flea and Tick Drops for Cats is a great first step in safeguarding your cat against these pests. (hartz.com)

Understanding common, and some not so common symptoms of pediatric diseases can help make sure that your kids get diagnosed and treated quickly. (keepkidshealthy.com)

The 2018 Report to Congress focused primarily on Lyme disease, while the 2020 Report to Congress was expanded to include more discussion of the other TBDs. (hhs.gov)

Cat scratch disease is believed to be fairly common. (askdrwong.ca)
Common sources of infection include contaminated food (particularly raw meat) or water, or contact with another infected cat. (cats.com)
What these serious diseases have in common is that they all start as zoonoses in the animal kingdom. (cdc.gov)

Care was made to include members with different perspectives on Lyme disease treatment, because that issue has consistently shown to generate divergent opinions in previous Tick-Borne Disease Working Group reports. (hhs.gov)

Toxoplasmosis is associated with the handling of cat feces, but skin lesions are uncommon and do not usually show a linear distribution. (aafp.org)

Chronic erythema nodosum, with occasional recurrences, can occur with or without an underlying disease present. (webmd.com)
Reverse zoonosis are diseases that do not normally occur in dogs and cats but can be passed from infected people to their pets. (cdc.gov)

Health is especially important now because we live in a time when there is an increase in the number of new diseases that affect human health. (cdc.gov)
One Health is an approach to looking at new diseases and other adverse health events by taking a holistic viewpoint that considers human health, animal disease, and environmental changes. (cdc.gov)

Your veterinarian can tell you whether your cat requires testing or treatment. (cdc.gov)

the disease can thus be considered a foodborne illness . (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy1

Organisms6

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs5

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes2

Health Care1

Cat-scratch disease with paravertebral mass and osteomyelitis. (1/178)

Detection of Bartonella henselae DNA by two different PCR assays and determination of the genotypes of strains involved in histologically defined cat scratch disease. (2/178)

Clinical and pathologic evaluation of chronic Bartonella henselae or Bartonella clarridgeiae infection in cats. (3/178)

Culture of Bartonella quintana and Bartonella henselae from human samples: a 5-year experience (1993 to 1998). (4/178)

Acute clinical disease in cats following infection with a pathogenic strain of Bartonella henselae (LSU16). (5/178)

Presumed ocular bartonellosis. (6/178)

Identification of Bartonella-specific immunodominant antigens recognized by the feline humoral immune system. (7/178)

Characterization of Bartonella henselae-specific immunity in BALB/c mice. (8/178)

Cat-Scratch Disease

Bartonella henselae

Bartonella

Angiomatosis, Bacillary

Bartonella quintana

Bartonella Infections

Cats

Rickettsiaceae

Cat Diseases

Trench Fever

Siphonaptera

Lymphatic Diseases

Splenic Diseases

Antibodies, Bacterial

Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect

Immunocompetence

Polymerase Chain Reaction

DNA, Bacterial

Lymph Nodes

RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Immunoglobulin M

Sensitivity and Specificity

Immunoglobulin G

Cat-scratch disease with paravertebral mass and osteomyelitis. (1/178)

Detection of Bartonella henselae DNA by two different PCR assays and determination of the genotypes of strains involved in histologically defined cat scratch disease. (2/178)

Clinical and pathologic evaluation of chronic Bartonella henselae or Bartonella clarridgeiae infection in cats. (3/178)

Culture of Bartonella quintana and Bartonella henselae from human samples: a 5-year experience (1993 to 1998). (4/178)

Acute clinical disease in cats following infection with a pathogenic strain of Bartonella henselae (LSU16). (5/178)

Presumed ocular bartonellosis. (6/178)

Identification of Bartonella-specific immunodominant antigens recognized by the feline humoral immune system. (7/178)

Characterization of Bartonella henselae-specific immunity in BALB/c mice. (8/178)

Cat-scratch disease

Cat bite

Bartonellosis

Lymphadenopathy

Onychectomy

Bartonella henselae

Afipia felis

Pierre Mollaret

Afipia clevelandensis

Bartonella

Afipia broomeae

Carrion's disease

Cat play and toys

Rats in New York City

Bartonella clarridgeiae

Interferon

Cat

Sporotrichosis

Granuloma

Warthin-Starry stain

Nitrobacteraceae

Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome

Human interaction with cats

Bartonella apis

Zoonosis

Progressive transformation of germinal centres

William A. Petri

Clarithromycin

Cardiolipin

Dieterle stain

2022 monkeypox outbreak

List of diseases (C)

Orthopoxvirus

Trimeric autotransporter adhesin

Orf (disease)

Stop Online Piracy Act

History of the nude in art

Cat behavior

Richie Farmer

The Bridge on the River Kwai

List of kākāpō

The Persian

Tom Dula

List of Ig Nobel Prize winners

Mycoplasma haemofelis

Olfactory system

Waded Cruzado

Cat communication

Center for Public Integrity