Casein kinases. Medical search

A group of protein-serine-threonine kinases that was originally identified as being responsible for the PHOSPHORYLATION of CASEINS. They are ubiquitous enzymes that have a preference for acidic proteins. Casein kinases play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION by phosphorylating a variety of regulatory cytoplasmic and regulatory nuclear proteins.

A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.

A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.

A casein kinase that was originally described as a monomeric enzyme with a molecular weight of 30-40 kDa. Several ISOENZYMES of casein kinase I have been found which are encoded by separate genes. Many of the casein kinase I isoenzymes have been shown to play distinctive roles in intracellular SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.

A casein kinase I isoenzyme with specificity for proteins involved the regulation of the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

A casein kinase I isoenzyme that plays a regulatory role in a variety of cellular functions including vesicular transport, CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION; CYTOKINESIS, developmental processes, and the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

A casein kinase I isoenzyme that plays a role in intracellular signaling pathways including the WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY, the CELL CYCLE, membrane trafficking, and RNA processing. Multiple isoforms of casein kinase I alpha exist and are due to ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.

An intracellular signaling system involving the MAP kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn phosphorylate the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade.

Agents that inhibit PROTEIN KINASES.

A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. This enzyme is also sometimes dependent on CALCIUM. A wide range of proteins can act as acceptor, including VIMENTIN; SYNAPSINS; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS; and the MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p277)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.

An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

A PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE family that was originally identified by homology to the Rous sarcoma virus ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(V-SRC). They interact with a variety of cell-surface receptors and participate in intracellular signal transduction pathways. Oncogenic forms of src-family kinases can occur through altered regulation or expression of the endogenous protein and by virally encoded src (v-src) genes.

A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that regulates a variety of cellular processes including CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; APOPTOSIS; and cellular responses to INFLAMMATION. The P38 MAP kinases are regulated by CYTOKINE RECEPTORS and can be activated in response to bacterial pathogens.

Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase which mediates signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Activation of the enzyme by phosphorylation leads to its translocation into the nucleus where it acts upon specific transcription factors. p40 MAPK and p41 MAPK are isoforms.

Phosphoprotein with protein kinase activity that functions in the G2/M phase transition of the CELL CYCLE. It is the catalytic subunit of the MATURATION-PROMOTING FACTOR and complexes with both CYCLIN A and CYCLIN B in mammalian cells. The maximal activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 is achieved when it is fully dephosphorylated.

A subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases that activate TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1 via the phosphorylation of C-JUN PROTEINS. They are components of intracellular signaling pathways that regulate CELL PROLIFERATION; APOPTOSIS; and CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

An RNA polymerase II transcriptional inhibitor. This compound terminates transcription prematurely by selective inhibition of RNA synthesis. It is used in research to study underlying mechanisms of cellular regulation.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A family of serine-threonine kinases that bind to and are activated by MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS such as RAC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS and CDC42 GTP-BINDING PROTEIN. They are intracellular signaling kinases that play a role the regulation of cytoskeletal organization.

Protein kinases that catalyze the PHOSPHORYLATION of TYROSINE residues in proteins with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

A serine-threonine protein kinase family whose members are components in protein kinase cascades activated by diverse stimuli. These MAPK kinases phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and are themselves phosphorylated by MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES. JNK kinases (also known as SAPK kinases) are a subfamily.

Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical association with CYCLINS to achieve full enzymatic activity. Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events.

A 44-kDa extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase that may play a role the initiation and regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. It phosphorylates a number of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; and MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS.

The phosphoric acid ester of serine.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A glycogen synthase kinase that was originally described as a key enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism. It regulates a diverse array of functions such as CELL DIVISION, microtubule function and APOPTOSIS.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) are serine-threonine protein kinases that initiate protein kinase signaling cascades. They phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKs) which in turn phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs).

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

A dsRNA-activated cAMP-independent protein serine/threonine kinase that is induced by interferon. In the presence of dsRNA and ATP, the kinase autophosphorylates on several serine and threonine residues. The phosphorylated enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-2, leading to the inhibition of protein synthesis.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A family of protein serine/threonine kinases which act as intracellular signalling intermediates. Ribosomal protein S6 kinases are activated through phosphorylation in response to a variety of HORMONES and INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS. Phosphorylation of RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 by enzymes in this class results in increased expression of 5' top MRNAs. Although specific for RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 members of this class of kinases can act on a number of substrates within the cell. The immunosuppressant SIROLIMUS inhibits the activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinases.

An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.

An egg yolk phosphoglycoprotein which contains about 90% of the yolk protein phosphorus. It is synthesized in the liver of the hen and transferred to the developing oocyte, where it is bound to lipoproteins within the yolk granules.

The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase. A phosphotransferase that catalyzes reversibly the phosphorylation of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate in the presence of ATP. It has four isozymes (L, R, M1, and M2). Deficiency of the enzyme results in hemolytic anemia. EC 2.7.1.40.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

A superfamily of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein kinase cascades. They are the final components of the cascades, activated by phosphorylation by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES, which in turn are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES).

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

An abundant 43-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase subtype with specificity for MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1 and MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

A class of cellular receptors that have an intrinsic PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE activity.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and thymidine to ADP and thymidine 5'-phosphate. Deoxyuridine can also act as an acceptor and dGTP as a donor. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.21.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A group of enzymes removing the SERINE- or THREONINE-bound phosphate groups from a wide range of phosphoproteins, including a number of enzymes which have been phosphorylated under the action of a kinase. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)

A protein serine-threonine kinase that catalyzes the PHOSPHORYLATION of I KAPPA B PROTEINS. This enzyme also activates the transcription factor NF-KAPPA B and is composed of alpha and beta catalytic subunits, which are protein kinases and gamma, a regulatory subunit.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that is widely expressed and plays a role in regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and post mitotic functions in differentiated cells. The extracellular signal regulated MAP kinases are regulated by a broad variety of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS and can be activated by certain CARCINOGENS.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for JNK MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; P38 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and the RETINOID X RECEPTORS. It takes part in a SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway that is activated in response to cellular stress.

Serologic tests in which a positive reaction manifested by visible CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION occurs when a soluble ANTIGEN reacts with its precipitins, i.e., ANTIBODIES that can form a precipitate.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidylinositol (PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS) to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, the first committed step in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

A group of enzymes that transfers a phosphate group onto an alcohol group acceptor. EC 2.7.1.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A family of cell cycle-dependent kinases that are related in structure to CDC28 PROTEIN KINASE; S CEREVISIAE; and the CDC2 PROTEIN KINASE found in mammalian species.

A family of highly conserved serine-threonine kinases that are involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. They are involved in many aspects of cell division, including centrosome duplication, SPINDLE APPARATUS formation, chromosome alignment, attachment to the spindle, checkpoint activation, and CYTOKINESIS.

A group of intracellular-signaling serine threonine kinases that bind to RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They were originally found to mediate the effects of rhoA GTP-BINDING PROTEIN on the formation of STRESS FIBERS and FOCAL ADHESIONS. Rho-associated kinases have specificity for a variety of substrates including MYOSIN-LIGHT-CHAIN PHOSPHATASE and LIM KINASES.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

A ubiquitously expressed protein kinase that is involved in a variety of cellular SIGNAL PATHWAYS. Its activity is regulated by a variety of signaling protein tyrosine kinase.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

A cytoplasmic serine threonine kinase involved in regulating CELL DIFFERENTIATION and CELLULAR PROLIFERATION. Overexpression of this enzyme has been shown to promote PHOSPHORYLATION of BCL-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS and chemoresistance in human acute leukemia cells.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.

A class of protein-serine-threonine kinases that was originally found as one of the three types of kinases that phosphorylate GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE. Glycogen synthase kinases along with CA(2+)-CALMODULIN DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES and CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES regulate glycogen synthase activity.

A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Three isoforms have been described in mammalian cells.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

Circadian rhythm signaling proteins that influence circadian clock by interacting with other circadian regulatory proteins and transporting them into the CELL NUCLEUS.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

An enzyme of the transferase class that uses ATP to catalyze the phosphorylation of diacylglycerol to a phosphatidate. EC 2.7.1.107.

Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

A serine-threonine kinase that plays important roles in CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL MIGRATION; and CELL DEATH of NERVE CELLS. It is closely related to other CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES but does not seem to participate in CELL CYCLE regulation.

A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Intracellular signaling protein kinases that play a signaling role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. Their activity largely depends upon the concentration of cellular AMP which is increased under conditions of low energy or metabolic stress. AMP-activated protein kinases modify enzymes involved in LIPID METABOLISM, which in turn provide substrates needed to convert AMP into ATP.

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

A broad category of carrier proteins that play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They generally contain several modular domains, each of which having its own binding activity, and act by forming complexes with other intracellular-signaling molecules. Signal-transducing adaptor proteins lack enzyme activity, however their activity can be modulated by other signal-transducing enzymes

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Proteins obtained from foods. They are the main source of the ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS.

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

A non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that is localized to FOCAL ADHESIONS and is a central component of integrin-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. Focal adhesion kinase 1 interacts with PAXILLIN and undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION in response to adhesion of cell surface integrins to the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. Phosphorylated p125FAK protein binds to a variety of SH2 DOMAIN and SH3 DOMAIN containing proteins and helps regulate CELL ADHESION and CELL MIGRATION.

A peptide which is a homopolymer of lysine.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A phosphoprotein that was initially identified as a major target of DOPAMINE activated ADENYLYL CYCLASE in the CORPUS STRIATUM. It regulates the activities of PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE-1 and PROTEIN KINASE A, and it is a key mediator of the biochemical, electrophysiological, transcriptional, and behavioral effects of DOPAMINE.

Proteins which are present in or isolated from SOYBEANS.

An enzyme that phosphorylates myosin light chains in the presence of ATP to yield myosin-light chain phosphate and ADP, and requires calcium and CALMODULIN. The 20-kDa light chain is phosphorylated more rapidly than any other acceptor, but light chains from other myosins and myosin itself can act as acceptors. The enzyme plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

A Janus kinase subtype that is involved in signaling from GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTORS; PROLACTIN RECEPTORS; and a variety of CYTOKINE RECEPTORS such as ERYTHROPOIETIN RECEPTORS and INTERLEUKIN RECEPTORS. Dysregulation of Janus kinase 2 due to GENETIC TRANSLOCATIONS have been associated with a variety of MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

A family of non-receptor, PROLINE-rich protein-tyrosine kinases.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Proteins which are present in or isolated from vegetables or vegetable products used as food. The concept is distinguished from PLANT PROTEINS which refers to non-dietary proteins from plants.

MAMMARY GLANDS in the non-human MAMMALS.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine. The ring structure is characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids such as papaverine. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A family of ribosomal protein S6 kinases that are structurally distinguished from RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 KINASES, 70-KDA by their apparent molecular size and the fact they contain two functional kinase domains. Although considered RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 KINASES, members of this family are activated via the MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM and have been shown to act on a diverse array of substrates that are involved in cellular regulation such as RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 and CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN.

A protein kinase C subtype that was originally characterized as a CALCIUM-independent, serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHORBOL ESTERS and DIACYLGLYCEROLS. It is targeted to specific cellular compartments in response to extracellular signals that activate G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTORS; and intracellular protein tyrosine kinase.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

A 195-kDa MAP kinase kinase kinase with broad specificity for MAP KINASE KINASES. It is found localized in the CYTOSKELETON and can activate a variety of MAP kinase-dependent pathways.

A multifunctional calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that occurs as an oligomeric protein comprised of twelve subunits. It differs from other enzyme subtypes in that it lacks a phosphorylatable activation domain that can respond to CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A scaffolding protein that is a critical component of the axin signaling complex which binds to ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI PROTEIN; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3; and CASEIN KINASE I.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

PKC beta encodes two proteins (PKCB1 and PKCBII) generated by alternative splicing of C-terminal exons. It is widely distributed with wide-ranging roles in processes such as B-cell receptor regulation, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, androgen receptor-dependent transcriptional regulation, insulin signaling, and endothelial cell proliferation.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A 44 kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1 and MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

A key regulator of CELL CYCLE progression. It partners with CYCLIN E to regulate entry into S PHASE and also interacts with CYCLIN A to phosphorylate RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN. Its activity is inhibited by CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P27 and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P21.

A phosphoprotein phosphatase subtype that is comprised of a catalytic subunit and two different regulatory subunits. At least two genes encode isoforms of the protein phosphatase catalytic subunit, while several isoforms of regulatory subunits exist due to the presence of multiple genes and the alternative splicing of their mRNAs. Protein phosphatase 2 acts on a broad variety of cellular proteins and may play a role as a regulator of intracellular signaling processes.

A group of cyclic GMP-dependent enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues of proteins.

Derivatives of the steroid androstane having two double bonds at any site in any of the rings.

A group of phenyl benzopyrans named for having structures like FLAVONES.

A heat-stable, low-molecular-weight activator protein found mainly in the brain and heart. The binding of calcium ions to this protein allows this protein to bind to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and to adenyl cyclase with subsequent activation. Thereby this protein modulates cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels.

Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and PHOSPHORYLASE B to ADP and PHOSPHORYLASE A.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

A serine threonine kinase that controls a wide range of growth-related cellular processes. The protein is referred to as the target of RAPAMYCIN due to the discovery that SIROLIMUS (commonly known as rapamycin) forms an inhibitory complex with TACROLIMUS BINDING PROTEIN 1A that blocks the action of its enzymatic activity.

Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

An enzyme catalyzing the transfer of a phosphate group from 3-phospho-D-glycerate in the presence of ATP to yield 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate and ADP. EC 2.7.2.3.

Wnt proteins are a large family of secreted glycoproteins that play essential roles in EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT, and tissue maintenance. They bind to FRIZZLED RECEPTORS and act as PARACRINE PROTEIN FACTORS to initiate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway stabilizes the transcriptional coactivator BETA CATENIN.

A eukayrotic protein serine-threonine phosphatase subtype that dephosphorylates a wide variety of cellular proteins. The enzyme is comprised of a catalytic subunit and regulatory subunit. Several isoforms of the protein phosphatase catalytic subunit exist due to the presence of multiple genes and the alternative splicing of their mRNAs. A large number of proteins have been shown to act as regulatory subunits for this enzyme. Many of the regulatory subunits have additional cellular functions.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.

Immature ERYTHROCYTES. In humans, these are ERYTHROID CELLS that have just undergone extrusion of their CELL NUCLEUS. They still contain some organelles that gradually decrease in number as the cells mature. RIBOSOMES are last to disappear. Certain staining techniques cause components of the ribosomes to precipitate into characteristic "reticulum" (not the same as the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM), hence the name reticulocytes.

A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. Addition takes place at the SULFUR. It also catalyzes the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite.

An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of the guanidine nitrogen of arginine in the presence of ATP and a divalent cation with formation of phosphorylarginine and ADP. EC 2.7.3.3.

A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. (Thromb Res 1992;67(4):345-54 & Cancer Res 1993;53(2):239-41)

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

An enzyme that catalyzes reversible reactions of a nucleoside triphosphate, e.g., ATP, with a nucleoside monophosphate, e.g., UMP, to form ADP and UDP. Many nucleoside monophosphates can act as acceptor while many ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates can act as donor. EC 2.7.4.4.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for P38 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES.

The major protein constituents of milk are CASEINS and whey proteins such as LACTALBUMIN and LACTOGLOBULINS. IMMUNOGLOBULINS occur in high concentrations in COLOSTRUM and in relatively lower concentrations in milk. (Singleton and Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed, p554)

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for a subset of P38 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES that includes MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 12; MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 13; and MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 14.

A c-jun amino-terminal kinase that is activated by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Several isoforms of the protein with molecular sizes of 43 and 48 KD exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

An aurora kinase that localizes to the CENTROSOME during MITOSIS and is involved in centrosome regulation and formation of the MITOTIC SPINDLE. Aurora A overexpression in many malignant tumor types suggests that it may be directly involved in NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.

Highly conserved protein-serine threonine kinases that phosphorylate and activate a group of AGC protein kinases, especially in response to the production of the SECOND MESSENGERS, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,-biphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3).

A non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that is expressed primarily in the BRAIN; OSTEOBLASTS; and LYMPHOID CELLS. In the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM focal adhesion kinase 2 modulates ION CHANNEL function and MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES activity.

A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508)

Proteins which bind calmodulin. They are found in many tissues and have a variety of functions including F-actin cross-linking properties, inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and calcium and magnesium ATPases.

A multi-functional catenin that participates in CELL ADHESION and nuclear signaling. Beta catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to the ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It also serves as a transcriptional co-activator and downstream component of WNT PROTEIN-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

A biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria. It is found as a polycation at all pH values. Spermine is associated with nucleic acids, particularly in viruses, and is thought to stabilize the helical structure.

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol into 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate.

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

Optimal sequences for non-phosphate-directed phosphorylation by protein kinase CK1 (casein kinase-1)--a re-evaluation. (1/481)

A variety of synthetic peptides derived from either the inhibitor-2 (I-2) phosphoacceptor sites or the optimal sequences selected in an oriented peptide library have been compared for their susceptibility to phosphorylation by protein kinase CK1 (also termed casein kinase-1). The I-2-derived peptides are by far preferred over the library peptides by both rat liver CK1 (and by the alpha/beta, gamma and delta/epsilon isoforms immunoprecipitated from it) and recombinant Xenopus laevis CK1 alpha. The superiority of the I-2-derived peptides over the library ones is reflected by Vmax values one to two orders of magnitude higher while the Km values are comparable. Individual substitutions of any of the aspartic acids with alanine in the I-2-derived peptide RRKHAAIGDDDDAYSITA is detrimental, producing both a fall in Vmax and an increase in Km which are more pronounced at position n -3, but also quite significant at positions n -4, n -5 and, to a lesser extent, n -6. The unfavourable effect of these substitutions is more evident with rat liver CK1 than with recombinant Xenopus laevis CK1 alpha. The chimeric peptide IGDDDDAY-S-IIIFFA, resulting from the combination of the N-terminal acidic sequence of the I-2 (Ser86) site and the C-terminal hydrophobic cluster selected in the library peptides (MAEFDTG-S-IIIFFAKKK and MAYYDAA-S-IIIFFAKKK) is phosphorylated as efficiently as the I-2-derived peptide in terms of both Km and Vmax. These combined data strongly support the conclusion that, at variance with the optimal sequences selected in the library, optimal non-phosphate-directed phosphorylation of peptide substrates by CK1 critically relies on the presence of a cluster of acidic residues (preferably aspartic acid) upstream from position n -2, while the highly hydrophobic region downstream from serine selected in the library appears to be dispensable. The reason for these discrepancies remains unclear. The possibility that the library data are biased by the invariant elements forming its scaffold (MA-x-x-x-x-x-SI-x-x-x-x-AKKK) would be consistent with the observation that the library-selected peptides, despite their low Km values, fail to compete against the phosphorylation of protein and peptide substrates by CK1, suggesting that they bind to elements partially distinct from those responsible for substrate recognition. (+info)

The Yck2 yeast casein kinase 1 isoform shows cell cycle-specific localization to sites of polarized growth and is required for proper septin organization. (2/481)

Casein kinase 1 protein kinases are ubiquitous and abundant Ser/Thr-specific protein kinases with activity on acidic substrates. In yeast, the products of the redundant YCK1 and YCK2 genes are together essential for cell viability. Mutants deficient for these proteins display defects in cellular morphogenesis, cytokinesis, and endocytosis. Yck1p and Yck2p are peripheral plasma membrane proteins, and we report here that the localization of Yck2p within the membrane is dynamic through the cell cycle. Using a functional green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion, we have observed that Yck2p is concentrated at sites of polarized growth during bud morphogenesis. At cytokinesis, GFP-Yck2p becomes associated with a ring at the bud neck and then appears as a patch of fluorescence, apparently coincident with the dividing membranes. The bud neck association of Yck2p at cytokinesis does not require an intact septin ring, and septin assembly is altered in a Yck-deficient mutant. The sites of GFP-Yck2p concentration and the defects observed for Yck-deficient cells together suggest that Yck plays distinct roles in morphogenesis and cytokinesis that are effected by differential localization. (+info)

A casein kinase I motif present in the cytoplasmic domain of members of the tumour necrosis factor ligand family is implicated in 'reverse signalling'. (3/481)

We have identified a putative signalling feature of the cytoplasmic domains of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family members based on available amino acid sequence data. A casein kinase I (CKI) consensus sequence is conserved in the cytoplasmic domain of six of 15 members of the type II integral membrane TNF ligand family. We examined the phosphorylation state of transmembrane tumour necrosis factor-alpha (mTNF) with [32P]orthophosphate labelling and in vitro kinase assays, in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. A dimeric form of the type I soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR) was found to dephosphorylate mTNF. This effect could be prevented by treatment with phosphatase inhibitors. Recombinant CKI was able to phosphorylate mTNF that had been dephosphorylated by sTNFR ligation in vivo, and this was less effective if phosphatase inhibitors had been used to prevent mTNF dephosphorylation. A mutated form of mTNF, lacking the CKI recognition site, cannot be phosphorylated by the enzyme. Binding of sTNFR to mTNF induced an increase in intracellular calcium levels in RAW264.7 cells, implying the presence of an associated signalling pathway. We predict that this CKI motif is phosphorylated in other TNF ligand members, and that it represents a new insight into the mechanism of 'reverse signalling' in this cytokine family. (+info)

Insertion of a casein kinase recognition sequence induces phosphorylation of ovine beta-lactoglobulin in transgenic mice. (4/481)

We have shown that the cellular mechanisms of the mammary gland can be used to produce a phosphorylated form of a normally unphosphorylated milk protein. This was achieved by the insertion of a beta-casein DNA sequence coding for a group of mammary gland casein kinase recognition sites into ovine beta-lactoglobulin. Transgenic mice carrying this modified gene were generated and lactating females were shown to produce a novel beta-lactoglobulin in their milk. The infrared spectrum, reactivity to antiphosphoserine antibody and reduction of electrophoretic mobility on treatment with alkaline phosphatase showed that the novel protein recovered from the milk whey (serum) was phosphorylated and molecular mass determination by mass spectrometry was consistent with the phosphorylation of one or two residues. A similar level of phosphorylation was measured by quantitative infrared spectroscopy. Centrifugation of the milk to pellet the casein micelles showed that most of the phosphorylated beta-lactoglobulin was in the whey and hence not incorporated into casein micelles. (+info)

Alterations in C3 activation and binding caused by phosphorylation by a casein kinase released from activated human platelets. (5/481)

A casein kinase released from activated human platelets phosphorylates a number of plasma proteins extracellularly, and that activation of platelets in systemic lupus erythematosus patients parallels an increase in the phosphate content of plasma proteins, including C3. The present study was undertaken to characterize this platelet protein kinase and to further elucidate the effect(s) on C3 function of phosphorylation by platelet casein kinase. The phosphate content of human plasma C3 was increased from 0.15 to 0.60 mol phosphate/mol of C3 after platelet activation in whole blood or platelet-rich plasma. The platelet casein kinase was distinct from other casein kinases in terms of its dependence on cations, inhibition by specific protein kinase inhibitors, and immunological reactivity. C3 that had been phosphorylated with platelet casein kinase was tested for its susceptibility to cleavage by trypsin or the classical and alternative pathway convertases and its binding to EAC and IgG. Phosphorylation did not affect the cleavage of C3 into C3a and C3b, but the binding of fragments from phosphorylated C3 to EAC14oxy2 cells and to IgG in purified systems and in serum was increased by 1.6-4.5 times over that of unphosphorylated C3. A covariation was seen between the enhanced binding of C3 fragments to IgG after phosphorylation and an increased ratio of glycerol/glycine binding, from 2.0 for unphosphorylated C3 to 4.9 for phosphorylated C3. The present study suggests that an overall effect of phosphorylation of C3 by platelet casein kinase is to enhance the opsonization of immune complexes. (+info)

Angiotensin II stimulates serine phosphorylation of the adaptor protein Nck: physical association with the serine/threonine kinases Pak1 and casein kinase I. (6/481)

Nck is a small adaptor protein consisting exclusively of three SH3 domains and one SH2 domain. Nck is thought to have an important role in cell signalling by coupling receptor tyrosine kinases, via its SH2 domain, to downstream SH3-binding effectors. We report here that angiotensin II, working through the AT1 receptor subtype, stimulates the phosphorylation of Nck in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Phosphopeptide mapping analysis revealed that Nck is phosphorylated on four peptides containing exclusively phosphoserine in quiescent cells. Treatment with angiotensin II resulted in increased phosphorylation of these four peptides, without the appearance of new phosphopeptides. We show that Nck, via its SH3 domains, specifically binds three major phosphoproteins of 95, 82 and 66 kDa both in vitro and in intact cells. Notably, the phosphorylation of these Nck-binding proteins was found to increase in parallel with that of Nck on stimulation by angiotensin II. One candidate for the 66 kDa phosphoprotein is the serine/threonine kinase p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1), which was found to form a stable complex with Nck in aortic smooth muscle cells. We have also identified the gamma2 isoform of casein kinase I as another protein kinase that associates with Nck in these cells. These findings indicate that Nck is a target of G-protein-coupled receptors and suggest a role for Pak1 and casein kinase I-gamma2 in downstream signalling or regulation of the AT1 receptor. (+info)

Serine phosphorylation of the ligand-activated beta-platelet-derived growth factor receptor by casein kinase I-gamma2 inhibits the receptor's autophosphorylating activity. (7/481)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors (PDGFRs) are membrane protein-tyrosine kinases that, upon activation, become tyrosine-phosphorylated and associate with numerous SH2 domain-containing molecules involved in mediating signal transduction. In Rat-2 fibroblasts, we have characterized the phosphorylation of the beta-PDGFR following its activation by PDGF. In contrast to tyrosine phosphorylation, which was transient and returned to near basal levels by 30 min, PDGF-stimulated Ser/Thr phosphorylation of the beta-PDGFR was increased by 5 min and remained elevated after 30 min. In vivo, after 5 min of PDGF stimulation, serine phosphorylation of the beta-PDGFR was greatly reduced by CKI-7, a specific inhibitor of casein kinase I (CKI). In vitro, recombinant CKI-gamma2 phosphorylated the ligand-activated beta-PDGFR on serine residues in a CKI-7-sensitive manner and resulted in a marked inhibition of the receptor's autophosphorylating activity. Furthermore, in Rat-2 fibroblasts, expression of hemagglutinin epitope-tagged active CKI-gamma2 resulted in a dramatic decrease in the tyrosine phosphorylation state of the beta-PDGFR in response to PDGF, consistent with receptor inactivation. Our data suggest that upon PDGF stimulation, CKI-gamma2 is activated and/or translocated in proximity to the beta-PDGFR, whereby it phosphorylates the beta-PDGFR on serine residues and negatively regulates its tyrosine kinase activity, leading to receptor inactivation. (+info)

The casein kinase Ialpha isoform is both physically positioned and functionally competent to regulate multiple events of mRNA metabolism. (8/481)

Casein kinase I is a highly conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases present in every organism tested from yeast to humans. To date, little is known about the function of the higher eukaryotic isoforms in this family. The CKI isoforms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, however, have been genetically linked to the regulation of DNA repair, cell cycle progression and cytokinesis. It has also been established that the nuclear localization of two of these isoforms is essential for their function. The work presented here demonstrates that the higher eukaryotic CKIalpha isoform is also present within nuclei of certain established cell lines and associated with discrete nuclear structures. The nature of its nuclear localization was characterized. In this regard, CKIalpha was shown to colocalize with factors involved in pre-mRNA splicing at nuclear speckles and that its association with these structures exhibited several biochemical properties in common with known splicing factors. The kinase was also shown to be associated with a complex that contained certain splicing factors. Finally, in vitro, CKIalpha was shown to be capable of phosphorylating particular splicing factors within a region rich in serine/arginine dipeptide repeat motifs suggesting that it has both the opportunity and the capacity to regulate one or more steps of mRNA metabolism. (+info)

Dubois T, Howell S, Zemlickova E, Aitken A (Apr 2002). "Identification of casein kinase Ialpha interacting protein partners". ... "Regulated exocytosis contributes to protein kinase C potentiation of vanilloid receptor activity". The Journal of Biological ... "Regulated exocytosis contributes to protein kinase C potentiation of vanilloid receptor activity". The Journal of Biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYT9

Phosphorylation by casein kinase II". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1264 (3): 303-11. ... Sheu GT, Traugh JA (Jan 1999). "A structural model for elongation factor 1 (EF-1) and phosphorylation by protein kinase CKII". ... Subunit interactions, elongation activity, and phosphorylation by protein kinase CKII". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEF1B2

1992). "Prothymosin alpha is phosphorylated by casein kinase-2". FEBS Lett. 312 (2-3): 152-6. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)80924-6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymosin_α1

Li D, Dobrowolska G, Krebs EG (Jun 1996). "The physical association of casein kinase 2 with nucleolin". The Journal of ... Li D, Dobrowolska G, Krebs EG (Jun 1996). "The physical association of casein kinase 2 with nucleolin". The Journal of ... Jordan P, Heid H, Kinzel V, Kübler D (Dec 1994). "Major cell surface-located protein substrates of an ecto-protein kinase are ... Zhou G, Seibenhener ML, Wooten MW (Dec 1997). "Nucleolin is a protein kinase C-zeta substrate. Connection between cell surface ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleolin

Apel ED, Litchfield DW, Clark RH, Krebs EG, Storm DR (Jun 1991). "Phosphorylation of neuromodulin (GAP-43) by casein kinase II ... It is a major protein kinase C (PKC) substrate and is considered to play a key role in neurite formation, regeneration, and ... However, F1 was not cAMP kinase dependent. B-50 was regulated by the pituitary peptide ACTH and was associated with grooming ... GAP-43 is also a protein kinase C (PKC) substrate. Phosphorylation of serine-41 on GAP-43 by PKC regulates neurite formation, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap-43_protein

Kim YM, Barak LS, Caron MG, Benovic JL (2002). "Regulation of arrestin-3 phosphorylation by casein kinase II". J. Biol. Chem. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARR3

Cooper CD, Lampe PD (Nov 2002). "Casein kinase 1 regulates connexin-43 gap junction assembly". The Journal of Biological ... factor-induced connexin 43 gap junction communication by big mitogen-activated protein kinase1/ERK5 but not ERK1/2 kinase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJA1

"Myc oncoproteins are phosphorylated by casein kinase II". The EMBO Journal. 8 (4): 1111-9. PMC 400922 . PMID 2663470.. ... "Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 is an activator of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase". Proceedings of the National ... Gupta S, Davis RJ (October 1994). "MAP kinase binds to the NH2-terminal activation domain of c-Myc". FEBS Letters. 353 (3): 281 ... Iijima S, Teraoka H, Date T, Tsukada K (June 1992). "DNA-activated protein kinase in Raji Burkitt's lymphoma cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-myc

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase related kinase (PIKK) phosphorylation site at position 238-244 aa. Casein kinase (CK1) ... Polo-like kinase phosphosites 1 (Plk1) at positions 336-342 aa and 351-357 aa. Ser/Thr residues are phosphorylated by the ... Ser/Thr residues are phosphorylated by the kinase. Two NEK2 phosphorylation sites at positions 415-420 bp and 423-428 aa. Table ... Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) phosphorylation site at position 234-241 aa. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISLR

In vitro phosphorylation by casein kinase II". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (49): 31034-40. PMID 7983041. Mansour I ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone_receptor

Apel ED, Litchfield DW, Clark RH, Krebs EG, Storm DR (Jun 1991). "Phosphorylation of neuromodulin (GAP-43) by casein kinase II ... protein kinase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. • response to wounding. • regulation of growth. • ... It is a major protein kinase C (PKC) substrate and is considered to play a key role in neurite formation, regeneration, and ... However, F1 was not cAMP kinase dependent. B-50 was regulated by the pituitary peptide ACTH and was associated with grooming ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAP-43

2004). "Regulation of casein kinase I epsilon activity by Wnt signaling". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (13): 13011-7. doi:10.1074/jbc. ... Hino S, Michiue T, Asashima M, Kikuchi A (2003). "Casein kinase I epsilon enhances the binding of Dvl-1 to Frat-1 and is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNT3A

Gao ZH, Seeling JM, Hill V, Yochum A, Virshup DM (2002). "Casein kinase I phosphorylates and destabilizes the beta-catenin ... "Axin-dependent phosphorylation of the adenomatous polyposis coli protein mediated by casein kinase 1epsilon". J. Biol. Chem. ... Song DH, Sussman DJ, Seldin DC (2000). "Endogenous protein kinase CK2 participates in Wnt signaling in mammary epithelial cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVL1

Xu, X.; Toselli, P. A.; Russell, L. D.; Seldin, D. C. (1999-09-01). "Globozoospermia in mice lacking the casein kinase II alpha ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globozoospermia

Shen C, Nayak A, Melendez RA, Robbins DJ (2020). "Casein Kinase 1α as a Regulator of Wnt-Driven Cancer". International Journal ... Pyrvinium was identified as a potent Wnt inhibitor, acting through activation of Casein kinase CK1α. Pyrvinium salts can also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrvinium

Casein kinase 1, alpha 1 Nucleolin, P110α, PRKCI, Protein kinase D1, and Protein kinase Mζ. Model organisms have been used in ... "Casein kinase I associates with members of the centaurin-alpha family of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-binding ... "Casein kinase I associates with members of the centaurin-alpha family of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-binding ... "Identification of casein kinase Ialpha interacting protein partners". FEBS Letters. 517 (1-3): 167-71. doi:10.1016/s0014-5793( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centaurin,_alpha_1

Dubois T, Howell S, Zemlickova E, Aitken A (April 2002). "Identification of casein kinase Ialpha interacting protein partners ... "Transcriptional repressor ERF is a Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase target that regulates cellular proliferation". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ERF_(gene)

O'Brien KA, Lemke SJ, Cocke KS, Rao RN, Beckmann RP (July 1999). "Casein kinase 2 binds to and phosphorylates BRCA1". Biochem. ... "BRCA1 interacts with and is required for paclitaxel-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3". ... kinase and ATM and Rad3 related kinase mediate phosphorylation of Brca1 at distinct and overlapping sites. In vivo assessment ... ATM/ATR are kinases activated by DNA damage. Mutation of serine residues may affect localization of BRCA1 to sites of DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRCA1

"Association of CPI-17 with protein kinase C and casein kinase I". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 316 (1): 39-47. doi:10.1016/j. ... Dubois T, Howell S, Zemlickova E, Aitken A (2002). "Identification of casein kinase Ialpha interacting protein partners". FEBS ... Multiple kinases are identified to phosphorylate CPI-17, such as PKC, ROCK, PKN, ZIPK, ILK, and PAK. Agonist stimulation of ... Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A also known as CPI-17 (C-kinase potentiated Protein phosphatase-1 Inhibitor Mr = 17 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP1R14A

Kim YM, Barak LS, Caron MG, Benovic JL (May 2002). "Regulation of arrestin-3 phosphorylation by casein kinase II". The Journal ... Dubois T, Howell S, Zemlickova E, Aitken A (Apr 2002). "Identification of casein kinase Ialpha interacting protein partners". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP3B1

Lüscher B, Kuenzel EA, Krebs EG, Eisenman RN (April 1989). "Myc oncoproteins are phosphorylated by casein kinase II". The EMBO ... "Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 is an activator of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase". Proceedings of the National ... Gupta S, Davis RJ (October 1994). "MAP kinase binds to the NH2-terminal activation domain of c-Myc". FEBS Letters. 353 (3): 281 ... Iijima S, Teraoka H, Date T, Tsukada K (June 1992). "DNA-activated protein kinase in Raji Burkitt's lymphoma cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myc

Dubois T, Howell S, Zemlickova E, Aitken A (Apr 2002). "Identification of casein kinase Ialpha interacting protein partners". ... "High mobility group proteins 1 and 2 can function as DNA-binding regulatory components for DNA-dependent protein kinase in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMGB2

Casein kinase II phosphorylates the protein on its serine at position 184. The function of StarD10 in the cell is not yet ... "Phosphorylation of StarD10 on serine 284 by casein kinase II modulates its lipid transfer activity". The Journal of Biological ... "Phosphorylation of StarD10 on serine 284 by casein kinase II modulates its lipid transfer activity". The Journal of Biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STARD10

... and Ser91 by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and Ser66 by casein kinase II (CKII). Phosphorylation of these residues (Ser66 in ... "Activation of mammalian DNA ligase I through phosphorylation by casein kinase II". The EMBO Journal. 11 (8): 2925-33. doi: ... "Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of human DNA ligase I at the cyclin-dependent kinase sites". The Journal of Biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIG1

... (INN), codenamed CX-4945, is a small-molecule inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 (casein kinase II), a ... 2017). "Casein Kinase II (CK2) as a Therapeutic Target for Hematological Malignancies". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 23 (1): ... In SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infected Caco-2 cells, the phosphorylase activity of casein kinase 2 (CK2) is increased resulting in ... "The casein kinase 2 inhibitor, CX-4945, as an anti-cancer drug in treatment of human hematological malignancies". Frontiers in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silmitasertib

2017). "Casein Kinase II (CK2) as a Therapeutic Target for Hematological Malignancies". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 23 (1): ... Zou J, Luo H, Zeng Q, Dong Z, Wu D, Liu L (June 2011). "Protein kinase CK2α is overexpressed in colorectal cancer and modulates ... Silmitasertib (CX-4945) is a small molecule inhibitor of protein kinase CK2, which has been supported to be linked with TGF-β ... The phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase (PI3K)/AKT axis, Hedgehog signaling pathway, nuclear factor-kappaB and Activating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial–mesenchymal_transition

Block K, Boyer TG, Yew PR (November 2001). "Phosphorylation of the human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, CDC34, by casein kinase ... Block K, Boyer TG, Yew PR (November 2001). "Phosphorylation of the human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, CDC34, by casein kinase ... Cdc34 in yeast targets numerous substrates - notably the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Sic1 - for ubiquitin-mediated ... a novel protein that associates with serine/threonine kinase PRK1 in vivo". Gene. 256 (1-2): 113-21. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC34

"Casein kinase iδ Mutations in Familial Migraine and Advanced Sleep Phase". Science Transitional Mag. 183 (5): 183ra56, 1-11. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ying-Hui_Fu

The casein kinase 1 (CKI) family of kinases is a highly conserved group of proteins that are found in organisms from ... Sekine T, Yamaguchi T, Hamano K, Young MW, Shimoda M, Saez L (February 2008). "Casein kinase I epsilon does not rescue double- ... The mammalian homolog of doubletime is casein kinase I epsilon. Different mutations in the dbt gene have been shown to cause ... Fan JY, Preuss F, Muskus MJ, Bjes ES, Price JL (January 2009). "Drosophila and vertebrate casein kinase Idelta exhibits ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubletime_(gene)

In vitro phosphorylation by casein kinase II". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (49): 31034-40. PMID 7983041.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone_receptor

In 1998, Jeff Price from the Young lab discovered a kinase called doubletime(Casein kinase 1) that phosphorylates PER on ... "The Drosophila Clock Gene double-time Encodes a Protein Closely Related to Human Casein Kinase Iε" (PDF). Cell. 94 (1): 97-107 ... which is linked to an hPer2 polymorphism that removes a serine normally phosphorylated by Casein kinase 1.[17] Other forms of ... FASPS are caused by mutations that alter the Casein kinase 1 gene. Doubletime mutations in Drosophila alter the phosphorylation ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_W._Young

It is found in additives labelled as casein, caseinate, whey, lactoserum, milk solids, modified milk ingredients, etc.[citation ... GSD type IX (phosphorylase kinase deficiency). Lysosomal (LSD):. *GSD type II (Pompe's disease, glucosidase deficiency) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose_intolerance

"Myc oncoproteins are phosphorylated by casein kinase II". EMBO J. 8 (4): 1111-9. PMC 400922. PMID 2663470. ... Iijima S, Teraoka H, Date T, Tsukada K (1992). "DNA-activated protein kinase in Raji Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Phosphorylation ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myc

An undefined medium has some complex ingredients, such as yeast extract or casein hydrolysate, which consist of a mixture of ... the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV TK). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_medium

Other protein kinase. Serine/threonine:. *Casein kinase *1. *2. *eIF-2 kinase *EIF2AK3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTP-binding_protein_regulators

Budd DC, McDonald JE, Tobin AB (2000). „Phosphorylation and regulation of a Gq/11-coupled receptor by casein kinase 1alpha.". J ... Phosphorylation of human m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and protein kinase C.". J ... Evidence for a protein kinase C-independent pathway.". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (33): 21103-9. PMID 8063729.. CS1 одржавање: ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskarinski_acetilholinski_receptor_M3

If there is an excess in the amount of tannins in the wine, winemakers can use various fining agents like albumin, casein and ... induces human osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_wine

Lüscher B, Kuenzel EA, Krebs EG, Eisenman RN, Myc oncoproteins are phosphorylated by casein kinase II, in EMBO J., vol. 8, nº 4 ... Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 is an activator of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., ... S Gupta, Davis R J, MAP kinase binds to the NH2-terminal activation domain of c-Myc, in FEBS Lett., vol. 353, nº 3, ottobre ... Iijima S, Teraoka H, Date T, Tsukada K, DNA-activated protein kinase in Raji Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Phosphorylation of c-Myc ...

https://it.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myc_

Cala SE, Jones LR (January 1991). "Phosphorylation of cardiac and skeletal muscle calsequestrin isoforms by casein kinase II. ... Both forms of calsequestrin are phosphorylated by casein kinase 2, but the cardiac form is phosphorylated more rapidly and to a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calsequestrin

"Human vitamin D receptor phosphorylation by casein kinase II at Ser-208 potentiates transcriptional activation". Proc. Natl. ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_da_vitamina_D

Other protein kinase. Serine/threonine:. *Casein kinase *1. *2. *eIF-2 kinase *EIF2AK3 ... 1omw: Crystal Structure of the complex between G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 and Heterotrimeric G Protein beta 1 and ... Buhl AM, Osawa S, Johnson GL (1995). "Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation requires two signal inputs from the human ... 2bcj: Crystal Structure of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 in Complex with Galpha-q and Gbetagamma Subunits ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNB1

Kinase. L[cuir in eagar , athraigh foinse]. For substances with an l- or L- prefix such as L-alanine or DL-alanine, please see ...

https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liosta_Bithmhóiliní

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRCA1

Two naturally occurring milk peptides are formed from the milk protein casein when digestive enzymes break this down; they can ... Kinase inhibitors: Linsitinib. *Antibodies: Xentuzumab (against IGF-1 and IGF-2). Kisspeptin. *Agonists: Kisspeptin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide

Other protein kinase. Serine/threonine:. *Casein kinase *1. *2. *eIF-2 kinase *EIF2AK3 ... cAMP can then act as a second messenger that goes on to interact with and activate protein kinase A (PKA). PKA can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-proteins

... out of 540 different protein kinase genes that make up for human kinome, only one other protein kinase, Casein kinase 2, is ... "cAMP-dependent protein kinase" redirects here. It is not to be confused with AMP-activated protein kinase or cyclin-dependent ... The dimerization and docking (D/D) domain of the dimer binds to the A-kinase binding (AKB) domain of A-kinase anchor protein ( ... Protein Kinase A is directed to specific sub cellular locations after tethering to Protein kinase A anchoring proteins (AKAPs ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase_A

Other protein kinase. Serine/threonine:. *Casein kinase *1. *2. *eIF-2 kinase *EIF2AK3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanylate_cyclase

Lüscher B, Kuenzel EA, Krebs EG, Eisenman RN (1989). „Myc oncoproteins are phosphorylated by casein kinase II". EMBO J. 8 (4): ... Iijima S, Teraoka H, Date T, Tsukada K (1992). „DNA-activated protein kinase in Raji Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Phosphorylation ...

https://sr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myc

Entrez Gene: CSNK2A1 casein kinase 2, alpha 1 polypeptide». *↑ Kristensen, Lars P; Larsen Martin R, Højrup Peter, Issinger Olaf ... de 1998). «Casein kinase II interacts with the bZIP domains of several transcription factors». Nucleic Acids Res. (ENGLAND) 26 ... Yang-Feng TL, Zheng K, Kopatz I, Naiman T, Canaani D (Feb de 1992). «Mapping of the human casein kinase II catalytic subunit ... de 2002). «Association and regulation of casein kinase 2 activity by adenomatous polyposis coli protein». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ...

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caseína_quinasa_2,_alfa_1

The lactotripeptides Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro produced by the probiotic Lactobacillus helveticus or derived from casein have ... A decrease renal protein kinase C. With ACE inhibitor use, the production of ATII is decreased, which prevents aldosterone ... Casokinins and lactokinins, breakdown products of casein and whey, occur naturally after ingestion of milk products, especially ... I-Converting-Enzyme-Inhibitory and Antibacterial Peptides from Lactobacillus helveticus PR4 Proteinase-Hydrolyzed Caseins of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACE_inhibitors

O'Brien, K A; Lemke S J, Cocke K S, Rao R N, Beckmann R P (1999). «Casein kinase 2 binds to and phosphorylates BRCA1». Biochem ... BRCA1 interacts with and is required for paclitaxel-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3». ... kinase and ATM and Rad3 related kinase mediate phosphorylation of Brca1 at distinct and overlapping sites. In vivo assessment ... cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases». Oncogene. 15 (2): 143-57. PMID 9244350. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201252. !CS1 manut: Nomes ...

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRCA1

"Identification of sites on chromosomal protein HMG-I phosphorylated by casein kinase II". FEBS Letters. 257 (1): 101-4. doi: ... "Phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase modulates DNA binding activity of high mobility group I nonhistone chromatin protein". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMGA1

... binds and protects casein kinase II from self-aggregation and enhances its kinase activity". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (10): 7042-7. ... The drug was originally thought to function as a kinase inhibitor but was subsequently shown to be an Hsp90 inhibitor where it ... Sato S, Fujita N, Tsuruo T (September 2000). "Modulation of Akt kinase activity by binding to Hsp90". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. ... Histidine Kinase, MutL) superfamily. A common binding pocket for ATP and the inhibitor geldanamycin is situated in the N- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hsp90

2003). "Regulation of phosducin-like protein by casein kinase 2 and N-terminal splicing.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (7): 4474-81. ... 2000). "Phosphorylation of phosducin and phosducin-like protein by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2.". J. Biol. Chem. 275 ( ... 2006). "Mechanism of assembly of G protein betagamma subunits by protein kinase CK2-phosphorylated phosducin-like protein and ...

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosducin-like

Other protein kinase. Serine/threonine:. *Casein kinase *1. *2. *eIF-2 kinase *EIF2AK3 ... In humans, cAMP works by activating protein kinase A (PKA, cAMP-dependent protein kinase), one of the first few kinases ... an enzyme called protein kinase A (PKA).[12]. The PKA enzyme is also known as cAMP-dependent enzyme because it gets activated ... Main article: function of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. ... G protein-coupled receptor kinase. *AMP-activated protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMP-dependent_pathway

Other protein kinase. Serine/threonine:. *Casein kinase *1. *2. *eIF-2 kinase *EIF2AK3 ... Cyclins, when bound with the dependent kinases, such as the p34/cdc2/cdk1 protein, form the maturation-promoting factor. MPFs ... Nurse won the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase.[17] ... is a family of proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin

Some of the tyrosine residues can be tagged (at the hydroxyl group) with a phosphate group (phosphorylated) by protein kinases ... as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in the protein casein from cheese.[2][3] It is called ... of signal transduction processes and functions as a receiver of phosphate groups that are transferred by way of protein kinases ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine

Lin R., Hiscott J. (1999). A role for casein kinase II phosphorylation in the regulation of IRF-1 transcriptional activity.. ...

https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRF1

Casein kinase, a type of kinase enzyme, may refer to: Casein kinase 1, serine/threonine-selective protein kinase family Casein ... kinase 2, a serine/threonine-selective protein kinase This article includes a list of related items that share the same name ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casein_kinase

Casein kinase 2 (EC 2.7.11.1)(CK2/CSNK2) is a serine/threonine-selective protein kinase that has been implicated in cell cycle ... CSNK2A1 CSNK2A2 Casein kinase 1 - a distinct protein kinase family Ahmad KA, Wang G, Unger G, Slaton J, Ahmed K (2008). " ... Casein kinase 2 activity has been reported to be activated following Wnt signaling pathway activation. A Pertussis toxin- ... Gao Y, Wang HY (2006). "Casein kinase 2 Is activated and essential for Wnt/beta-catenin signaling". The Journal of Biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casein_kinase_2

Casein kinase II, regulatory subunit (IPR000704). Short name: Casein_kinase_II_reg-sub ... Casein kinase, a ubiquitous well-conserved protein kinase involved in cell metabolism and differentiation, is characterised by ... Human phosvitin/casein kinase type II. Molecular cloning and sequencing of full-length cDNA encoding subunit beta.. Eur. J. ... Cloning and disruption of CKB1, the gene encoding the 38-kDa beta subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae casein kinase II (CKII). ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR000704

... is a constitutively active serine/threonine protein kinase and the general recognition motif for phsophorylation is SXXE/D. ... Casein Kinase II (CK2) Casein Kinase II (CKII) is a constitutively active serine/threonine protein kinase composed of two 44 ... Casein Kinase II (CK2) is a constitutively active serine/threonine protein kinase composed of two 44 kDa catalytic α-subunits ... Protein Kinases Products. Applications: Protein Phosphatases and Kinases. * Properties & Usage Unit Definition. One unit is ...

https://www.neb.com/products/p6010-casein-kinase-ii-ck2

Casein kinase II (CK-II) is a ubiquitous protein kinase, localized to both nucleus and cytoplasm, with strong specificity for ... Myc oncoproteins are phosphorylated by casein kinase II.. Lüscher B1, Kuenzel EA, Krebs EG, Eisenman RN. ... Our results, along with previous studies on myc deletion mutants, show that Myc is phosphorylated by CK-II, or a kinase with ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2663470?dopt=Abstract

Here we describe a serine kinase, casein kinase … ... Here we describe a serine kinase, casein kinase I (CKI), which ... Casein kinase I transduces Wnt signals Nature. 1999 Sep 23;401(6751):345-50. doi: 10.1038/43830. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10517632/?dopt=Abstract

Casein kinase 1 family proteins promote Slimb-dependent Expanded degradation.. Fulford AD#1,2, Holder MV#3, Frith D4, Snijders ... Kinase-deficient (KD) GishisoI was unable to promote Ex1-468 CAAX phosphorylation and depletion. (C) CKI kinases promote Ex ... Here, we show that the Casein Kinase 1 (CKI) family is required for Expanded phosphorylation. CKI expression promotes Expanded ... D. melanogaster; casein kinase 1; cell biology; developmental biology; expanded; hippo signalling; tissue growth ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31567070

Constitutive phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha by casein kinase II. C F Barroga, J K Stevenson, E M Schwarz, and I M Verma ... Constitutive phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha by casein kinase II Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from ... There are several consensus sites for casein kinase II (CKII) in the C-terminal region of I kappa B alpha. Additionally, the ... We report the identification and partial purification of a cellular kinase from unstimulated or stimulated murine cells, which ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/92/17/7637?ijkey=8b9653a4b205645af044186cea3ce4c119e7aee6&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Protein casein kinase 2 (CK2), a multifunctional enzyme commonly considered a stable tetramer with two catalytic α subunits and ... Live-cell fluorescence imaging reveals the dynamics of protein kinase CK2 individual subunits. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23, 975-987 ( ...

https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/2003/167/tw43

IPR011009, Kinase-like_dom_sf. IPR000719, Prot_kinase_dom. IPR017441, Protein_kinase_ATP_BS. IPR008271, Ser/Thr_kinase_AS. ... IPR011009, Kinase-like_dom_sf. IPR000719, Prot_kinase_dom. IPR017441, Protein_kinase_ATP_BS. IPR008271, Ser/Thr_kinase_AS. ... PS00107, PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP, 1 hit. PS50011, PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM, 1 hit. PS00108, PROTEIN_KINASE_ST, 1 hit. ... PS00107, PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP, 1 hit. PS50011, PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM, 1 hit. PS00108, PROTEIN_KINASE_ST, 1 hit. ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A6G1RLL6

Casein kinase II subunit alpha. A. 333. Homo sapiens. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: CSNK2A1, CK2A1. EC: 2.7.11.1. ... Casein kinase 2 in complex with AZ-Inhibitor. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb3U4U/pdb ... In this paper we describe a series of 3-cyano-5-aryl-7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine hits identified by kinase-focused subset ... In this paper we describe a series of 3-cyano-5-aryl-7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine hits identified by kinase-focused subset ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3U4U

Alfa Aesar Casein Kinase II Substrate 1mg Electrophoresis, Western Blotting and ELISA:Western Blotting Reagents, Membranes, ...

https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/casein-kinase-ii-substrate-1/AAJ66383MCR

Compare casein kinase 1 epsilon ELISA Kits from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, prices, citations, ... casein kinase 1 epsilon ELISA Kits. The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a well-established antibody-based tool for ... Your search returned 24 casein kinase 1 epsilon ELISA ELISA Kit across 5 suppliers. ...

https://www.biocompare.com/pfu/110627/soids/2-68435/ELISA_Kit/ELISA_casein_kinase_1_epsilon

References for Abcams Anti-Casein Kinase 1 delta antibody (ab123684). Please let us know if you have used this product in your ...

http://www.abcam.com/casein-kinase-1-delta-antibody-ab123684-references.html

Abcam provides specific protocols for Anti-Casein Kinase 1 alpha antibody (ab63373) : Immunohistochemistry protocols, ...

http://www.abcam.com/casein-kinase-1-alpha-antibody-ab63373-protocols.html

Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of ...

http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/protein/Q8R0X4

... Daniel Martel,1 Tom Beneke,2 Eva ... M. D. Urbaniak, "Casein kinase 1 isoform 2 is essential for bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei," Molecular and Biochemical ... U. Knippschild, A. Gocht, S. Wolff, N. Huber, J. Löhler, and M. Stöter, "The casein kinase 1 family: Participation in multiple ... M. Dan-Goor, A. Nasereddin, H. Jaber, and C. L. Jaffe, "Identification of a secreted casein kinase 1 in Leishmania donovani: ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2017/4635605/ref/

... phosphorylase kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3L and cyclin-dependent kinase 2/cyclin A) underwent moderate inhibition, with ... In the presence of 10 μM TBB (and 100 μM ATP) only CK2 was drastically inhibited (s85%) whereas three kinases ( ... with the addition of protein kinase inhibitors where indicated. After incubations, cells were centrifuged and lysed for 15 min ...

https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tbb.html

2. Casein Kinase 2 Inhibitor - Overview. 3. Pipeline Therapeutics*An Overview of Pipeline Products for Casein Kinase 2 ... Table 2: Casein Kinase 2 Inhibitor Therapeutic Products in Clinical Stages. Table 3: Casein Kinase 2 Inhibitor Therapeutic ... Figure 2: Casein Kinase 2 Inhibitor Therapeutic Products in Clinical Stages. Figure 3: Casein Kinase 2 Inhibitor Therapeutic ... Pipeline Therapeutics assessment of products for Casein Kinase 2 Inhibitor The report assesses the active Casein Kinase 2 ...

https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4382672/casein-kinase-2-inhibitor-pipeline-insight-2018

Browse our Casein Kinase 1 gamma Protein catalog backed by our Guarantee+. ... Casein Kinase 1 gamma Proteins available through Novus Biologicals. ... Casein Kinase 1 gamma Proteins. We offer Casein Kinase 1 gamma Peptides and Casein Kinase 1 gamma Proteins for use in common ... Alternate Names for Casein Kinase 1 gamma Proteins. Casein Kinase 1 gamma protein, CSNK1G1 protein, casein kinase 1, gamma 1 ...

https://www.novusbio.com/proteins/casein-kinase-1-gamma

Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of ... IPR011009. Kinase-like_dom. IPR000719. Prot_kinase_dom. IPR017441. Protein_kinase_ATP_BS. IPR008271. Ser/Thr_kinase_AS. ... IPR011009. Kinase-like_dom. IPR000719. Prot_kinase_dom. IPR017441. Protein_kinase_ATP_BS. IPR008271. Ser/Thr_kinase_AS. ... PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. 1 hit. PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit. PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. 1 hit. ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P33674

Here we report that Bid is phosphorylated by casein kinase I (CKI) and casein kinase II (CKII). Inhibition of CKI and CKII ... Phosphorylation of bid by casein kinases I and II regulates its cleavage by caspase 8 Mol Cell. 2001 Sep;8(3):601-11. doi: ... accelerated Fas-mediated apoptosis and Bid cleavage, whereas hyperactivity of the kinases delayed apoptosis. When ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11583622/?dopt=Abstract

Casein kinase 2 (CK-2) is a ubiquitous messenger-independent protein serine/threonine kinase that has been implicated in growth ... Association of casein kinase 2 with nuclear chromatin in relation to androgenic regulation of rat prostate.. K Ahmed, S Yenice ... Association of casein kinase 2 with nuclear chromatin in relation to androgenic regulation of rat prostate. ... Association of casein kinase 2 with nuclear chromatin in relation to androgenic regulation of rat prostate. ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/90/10/4426?ijkey=7ae3e493747d51a2afc11ad9ba09130be5de61bd&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... Jens Boesger, Volker ... P. Yang and W. S. Sale, "Casein kinase I is anchored on axonemal doublet microtubules and regulates flagellar dynein ... which either shorten or lengthen the period of circadian rhythms decrease the protein kinase activity of casein kinase I," ... of the Hedgehog signaling effector Cubitus interruptus requires phosphorylation by Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 and Casein Kinase ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijpg/2012/581460/ref/

A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase ... "Casein Kinase II" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Casein Kinase II" was a major or minor topic of ... "Casein Kinase II" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... Prion protein inhibits fast axonal transport through a mechanism involving casein kinase 2. PLoS One. 2017; 12(12):e0188340. ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Casein%20Kinase%20II

Compare Casein Kinase 1 delta ELISA Kits from antibodies-online from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, ... Casein Kinase 1 delta ELISA Kits from antibodies-online. The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a well-established ... Your search returned 12 Casein Kinase 1 delta ELISA ELISA Kit across 1 supplier. ...

https://www.biocompare.com/pfu/110627/soids/2-750/ELISA_Kit/ELISA_Casein_Kinase_1_delta?vids=104431

Casein kinase I epsilon enhances the binding of Dvl-1 to Frat-1 and is essential for Wnt-3a-induced accumulation of beta- ... Isolation and characterization of human casein kinase I epsilon (CKI), a novel member of the CKI gene family. Fish, K.J., ... Autoinhibition of casein kinase I epsilon (CKI epsilon) is relieved by protein phosphatases and limited proteolysis. Cegielska ... Association between the casein kinase 1 epsilon gene region and subjective response to D-amphetamine. Veenstra-VanderWeele, J ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/1454.html

In DROSOPHILA casein kinase Ialpha has been in regulation of Hedghog and Wingless signaling pathways. Multiple isoforms of ... A casein kinase I isoenzyme that plays a role in intracellular signaling pathways including the CELL CYCLE, membrane ... casein kinase Ialpha exist and are due ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. ... Casein Kinase I alpha; Casein Kinase IalphaL; Casein Kinase ... Protein Kinases: 9706*Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases: 1353*Casein Kinases: 99*Casein Kinase I: 50*Casein Kinase Ialpha ...

http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryD048128-Casein-Kinase-Ialpha.do

Ellagic acid is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 with IC50s of 0.04, 2.9 and 3.5 μM for CK2, Lyn and PKA respectively. ... Ellagic acid is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 with IC50s of 0.04, 2.9 and 3.5 μM for CK2, Lyn and PKA respectively. ...

https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ellagic-acid-hydrate.html

Members of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family of serine-threonine protein kinases are implicated in the regulation of many ... IC261, a specific inhibitor of the protein kinases casein kinase 1-delta and -epsilon, triggers the mitotic checkpoint and ... Human casein kinase Iδ phosphorylation of human circadian clock proteins period 1 and 2. FEBS Lett. 489, 159-165 (2001).. ... Selective inhibition of casein kinase 1ε minimally alters circadian clock period. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 330, 430-439 (2009). ...

https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/11/531/eaao2341

Here, we show that the Casein Kinase 1 (CKI) family is required for Expanded phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
A two-dimensional tryptic phosphopeptide map of I kappa B alpha from unstimulated cells was identical to that obtained by in vitro phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha with the partially purified cellular kinase. (pnas.org)
Phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 has been estimated to represent up to one quarter of the eukaryotic phosphoproteome. (uniprot.org)
however, the kinase responsible for Puf3 phosphorylation is unclear. (genetics.org)
Here, we show that the casein kinase I protein Hrr25 negatively regulates Puf3 by mediating its phosphorylation. (genetics.org)
The Cdc25 phosphatase promotes entry into mitosis by removing cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) inhibitory phosphorylation. (rupress.org)
Inhibitor-κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) is known to activate NF-κB by inducing NH 2 -terminal phosphorylation and degradation of its endogenous inhibitor, IκB. (aacrjournals.org)
Thus, identification of the specific kinases underlying the signal phosphorylation of IκBα and activation of NF-κB could provide more selective targets for therapy in patients with HNSCC. (aacrjournals.org)
Previously, we demonstrated that CK2 kinase phosphorylates the Ikaros tumor suppressor in vivo and that phosphorylation of Ikaros at specific amino acids interferes with the normal function of the Ikaros protein. (aacrjournals.org)
Among the casein kinase family members, CSNK1D1, CSNK1G2, and CSNK1E suppressed serine 227 phosphorylation on RIPK3 ( Figure 1-figure supplement 1B ). (elifesciences.org)
We have shown previously that the function of Ycf1p, yeast ortholog of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), is regulated by yeast casein kinase 2α (Cka1p) via phosphorylation at Ser251. (aspetjournals.org)
In this study, we explored whether casein kinase 2α (CK2α), the human homolog of Cka1p, regulates MRP1 by phosphorylation at the semiconserved site Thr249. (aspetjournals.org)
Inhibition of CK2 kinase by 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1 H -benzimidazole resulted in increased doxorubicin accumulation in MRP1 cells, but not in MRP1 CK2α(−), MRP1-T249A, or MRP1-T249E cells, suggesting that CK2α regulates MRP1 function via phosphorylation of Thr249. (aspetjournals.org)
Similar to other GPCRs, various kinases modulate M3R activity via phosphorylation. (medsci.org)
The physiological relation between CK2 phosphorylation and GPCRs suggests that the kinases acting on β-cell GPCRs may be considered as targets for therapy. (medsci.org)
The Casein Kinase I Inhibitor III, PF-4800567 controls the biological activity of Casein Kinase I. This small molecule/inhibitor is primarily used for Phosphorylation & Dephosphorylation applications. (emdmillipore.com)
Casein Kinases (CKs), a group of ubiquitous Ser/Thr kinases, regulate a wide range of cellular functions in eukaryotes, including phosphorylation of proteins that are substrates for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). (medchemexpress.com)
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a highly pleiotropic serine-threonine kinase, which catalyzed phosphorylation of more than 300 proteins that are implicated in regulation of many cellular functions, such as signal transduction, transcriptional control, apoptosis, and the cell cycle. (medchemexpress.com)
If OPN kinase activities are normalized in terms of casein phosphorylation, OPN phosphorylation rate by G-CR is 78-fold and 19-fold higher than those measured with CK2 and CK1, respectively. (uab.edu)
Previously published data suggest that CK2 and GSK-3 act synergistically to promote the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway via phosphorylation of PTEN. (elsevier.com)

Casein kinase, a type of kinase enzyme, may refer to: Casein kinase 1, serine/threonine-selective protein kinase family Casein kinase 2, a serine/threonine-selective protein kinase This article includes a list of related items that share the same name (or similar names). (wikipedia.org)
Casein kinase 2 (EC 2.7.11.1)(CK2/CSNK2) is a serine/threonine-selective protein kinase that has been implicated in cell cycle control, DNA repair, regulation of the circadian rhythm, and other cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
The alpha-subunit is the catalytic unit and contains regions characteristic of serine/threonine protein kinases. (ebi.ac.uk)
Casein Kinase II (CKII) is a constitutively active serine/threonine protein kinase composed of two 44 kDa catalytic α-subunits and two 26 kDa regulatory β-subunits in an α2β2 configuration to form stable heterotetramers. (neb.com)
Casein kinase II (CK-II) is a ubiquitous protein kinase, localized to both nucleus and cytoplasm, with strong specificity for serine residues positioned within clusters of acidic amino acids. (nih.gov)
Here we describe a serine kinase, casein kinase I (CKI), which was isolated by expression cloning in Xenopus embryos. (nih.gov)
Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine. (rcsb.org)
Casein kinase 2 (CK-2) is a ubiquitous messenger-independent protein serine/threonine kinase that has been implicated in growth control. (pnas.org)
Members of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family of serine-threonine protein kinases are implicated in the regulation of many cellular processes, including the cell cycle, circadian rhythms, and Wnt and Hedgehog signaling. (sciencemag.org)
The Casein Kinase 1 are protein kinases that are serine/threonine-selective enzymes. (prospecbio.com)
Casein kinase II is a serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates acidic proteins such as casein. (antikoerper-online.de)
Casein kinase I (also designated CKI) and casein kinase II (also designated CKII) compose a family of serine/ threonine protein kinases which are present in all eukaryotes examined to date. (scbt.com)
The family has been classified in 8 major groups based on sequence comparison of their tyrosine (PTK) or serine/threonine (STK) kinase catalytic domains. (acris-antibodies.com)
Casein kinases are a large family of intracellular serine/threonine kinases that control a variety of cellular signaling functions. (elifesciences.org)
The casein kinase 1 enzymes (CK1) form a family of serine/threonine kinases with seven CK1. (muni.cz)
The protein kinase casein kinase 2 (CSNK2 or CK2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is expressed in most cell types [ 1 ] . (medsci.org)
The Casein kinase 2 (EC 2.7.11.1) is a serine/threonine-selective protein kinase that is a tetramer of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. (creativebiomart.net)
Casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε) is a member of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family, which comprises highly conserved and ubiquitous serine/threonine protein kinases. (springermedizin.de)
100 µg) CSNK2A1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates acidic proteins such as casein. (allelebiotech.com)
Casein Kinase I η (CKI) and Casein Kinase I δ (CKIδ) are Serine/Threonine Kinases that have been implicated in several human conditions and have been receiving increasing attention as potential therapeutic targets. (eurekaselect.com)
TTP 22 is highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that is also involved in cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. (adooq.cn)
The Casein kinase 1 family of protein kinases are serine/threonine-selective enzymes that function as regulators of signal transduction pathways in most eukaryotic cell types. (creative-enzymes.com)

Cell treatment was performed by incubation of cell suspension (~10×10 6 cells/ml) for 2 h at 37℃ in the presence of 2 μM okadaic acid (OA) with the addition of protein kinase inhibitors where indicated. (selleckchem.com)
Click on the product name to view detailed information such as the chemical structure and specific chemical properties for each of our casein kinase II alpha Inhibitors. (scbt.com)
In stock casein kinase II alpha Inhibitors are available for immediate shipping. (scbt.com)
Strikingly, casein kinase II (CK2) inhibitors normalize increased NMDAR currents of dorsal horn neurons in nerve-injured rats. (aspetjournals.org)
Protein kinase inhibitors have emerged as new drugs in various therapeutic areas, including leishmaniasis, an important parasitic disease. (asm.org)
Abstract 4371: Anti-leukemia effect of Casein Kinase II (CK2) inhibitors in vivo is mediated by the Ikaros tumor suppressor. (aacrjournals.org)
A screen profiling 158 kinase inhibitors (Calbiochem Protein Kinase Inhibitor Library I and II, catalogue numbers 539744 and 539745) for their inhibitory activity at 1µM and 10µM against 234 human recombinant kinases using the EMD Millipore KinaseProfiler TM service. (guidetopharmacology.org)
A screen profiling the inhibitory activity of 178 commercially available kinase inhibitors at 0.5µM against a panel of 300 recombinant protein kinases using the Reaction Biology Corporation Kinase Hotspot SM platform. (guidetopharmacology.org)
A screen of 72 inhibitors against 456 human kinases. (guidetopharmacology.org)
2010) Activation state-dependent binding of small molecule kinase inhibitors: structural insights from biochemistry. (guidetopharmacology.org)

Protein casein kinase 2 (CK2), a multifunctional enzyme commonly considered a stable tetramer with two catalytic α subunits and two regulatory β subunits, has substrates in various cellular compartments. (sciencemag.org)
A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. (harvard.edu)
Ahmed, Davis, Hanten, Lambert, McIvor, Goueli: Cloning of cDNAs encoding the alpha and beta subunits of rat casein kinase 2 (CK-2): investigation of molecular regulation of CK-2 by androgens in rat ventral prostate. (antikoerper-online.de)
Lozeman FJ, Litchfield DW, Piening C, Takio K, Walsh KA, Krebs EG: Isolation and characterization of human cDNA clones encoding the alpha and the alpha' subunits of casein kinase II. (hmdb.ca)
NF-κB activation was specifically inhibited by kinase-dead mutants of the IKK1 and IKK2 subunits or small interfering RNA targeting the β subunit of CK2. (aacrjournals.org)
The alpha subunits have the catalytic kinase domain. (creativebiomart.net)
TMCB is a selective, ATP-competitive CK2 (casein kinase II) inhibitor with distinct K i values of 83 nM and 21 nM for the two different catalytic CK2 subunits α and α', respectively. (medchemexpress.com)
PKCK2 is a tetramer composed of two catalytic kinase domains, alpha subunits, and two identical regulatory beta subunits. (arp1.com)
Human recombinant casein kinase 2 holo enzyme containing alpha and beta subunits which were separately expressed in E. coli as non-fusion proteins and purified using several chromatographic steps. (neobiolab.com)

Cloning and disruption of CKB1, the gene encoding the 38-kDa beta subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae casein kinase II (CKII). (ebi.ac.uk)
There are several consensus sites for casein kinase II (CKII) in the C-terminal region of I kappa B alpha. (pnas.org)
Additionally, the activity of the cellular kinase is blocked by antibodies against the alpha subunit of CKII. (pnas.org)
Here we report that Bid is phosphorylated by casein kinase I (CKI) and casein kinase II (CKII). (nih.gov)
Inhibition of CKI and CKII accelerated Fas-mediated apoptosis and Bid cleavage, whereas hyperactivity of the kinases delayed apoptosis. (nih.gov)
In addition to CKII, it is also shown to interact, directly or indirectly, with cellular TANK-binding Kinase 1 (TBK1) and NIMA-related kinase 9 (NEK9). (merckmillipore.com)

Your search returned 24 casein kinase 1 epsilon ELISA ELISA Kit across 5 suppliers. (biocompare.com)
Casein kinase I epsilon enhances the binding of Dvl-1 to Frat-1 and is essential for Wnt-3a-induced accumulation of beta-catenin. (wikigenes.org)
Autoinhibition of casein kinase I epsilon (CKI epsilon) is relieved by protein phosphatases and limited proteolysis. (wikigenes.org)
Using this single-cell FRET approach, we demonstrate that (i) Wnt ligands induce open DVL conformation, (ii) DVL variants that are predominantly open, show more even subcellular localization and more efficient membrane recruitment by Frizzled (FZD) and (iii) Casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1 epsilon) has a key regulatory function in DVL conformational dynamics. (muni.cz)
Casein kinase 1 Epsilon ( Ck1e ), a critical regulator of circadian oscillations, was identified among genes changed in expression in AMD, ROS phagocytosis, and smoke exposure, a firmly established environmental factor for AMD. (arvojournals.org)
Association between a casein kinase 1 epsilon gene polymorphism and schizophrenia in a Chinese Han population. (springermedizin.de)

Casein kinase 1 family proteins promote Slimb-dependent Expanded degradation. (nih.gov)
We offer Casein Kinase 1 gamma Peptides and Casein Kinase 1 gamma Proteins for use in common research applications: ELISA, Protein Array, Western Blot. (novusbio.com)
Our Casein Kinase 1 gamma Peptides and Casein Kinase 1 gamma Proteins can be used in a variety of model species: Human. (novusbio.com)
Choose from our Casein Kinase 1 gamma Peptides and Proteins. (novusbio.com)
Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression. (harvard.edu)
Because CK1 isoforms are thought to be constitutively active protein kinases, the ability of FAM83 proteins to anchor CK1 isoforms may be an important mechanism for targeting CK1 activity to specific subcellular locations and substrates. (sciencemag.org)
Because these kinases exhibit constitutive activity in biochemical assays, it is likely that their activity in cells is controlled by subcellular localization, interactions with inhibitory proteins, targeted degradation, or combinations of these mechanisms. (sciencemag.org)
Previous work in Drosophila has identified several kinases, phosphatases, and an E3 ligase that are critical for determining the nuclear translocation and/or stability of clock proteins. (jneurosci.org)
Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. (hmdb.ca)
With more than 500 gene products, the protein kinase family is one of the largest families of proteins in eukaryotes. (acris-antibodies.com)
Leishmania casein kinase 1 isoform 2 (CK1.2) has been identified as an exokinase capable of phosphorylating host proteins, thus exerting a potential immune-suppressive action on infected host cells. (asm.org)
In a course of investigating RIPK3-interacting proteins, we found that several members of the casein kinase 1 family were among the proteins co-precipitated with RIPK3 kinase ( Figure 1-figure supplement 1A ). (elifesciences.org)
Proteins kinase CK2 (previously called casein kinase 2) is a pivotal and ubiquitously expressed member of the protein CX-6258 manufacture kinase CMGC subfamily which includes cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) glycogen synthase kinases (GSKs) and CDK-like kinases (CLKs). (immune-source.com)
and it has been within many diseases especially cancer rendering it an interesting focus on inside CX-6258 manufacture the druggable category of eukaryotic proteins kinases (Pagano et al. (immune-source.com)
GENTAUR suppliers human normal cells, cell lines, RNA extracts and lots of antibodies and ELISA kits to Human proteins as well as Recombinant Human Protein kinase Casein Kinase 2 alpha, His-tagged. (antibody-antibodies.com)

We report the identification and partial purification of a cellular kinase from unstimulated or stimulated murine cells, which specifically phosphorylates the C terminus of I kappa B alpha. (pnas.org)
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) binds and phosphorylates SP1, a transcription factor of KCNJ2 that encodes Kir2.1. (sigmaaldrich.com)
We show that Hrr25 directly phosphorylates Puf3 , and that the interaction between Puf3 and Hrr25 is mediated through the N-terminal domain of Puf3 and the kinase domain of Hrr25 . (genetics.org)
Casein kinase II phosphorylates exposed Ser or sometimes Thr residues, provided that an acidic residue is present three residues from the phosphate acceptor site. (academic.ru)

Recombinant Human Casein Kinase 2 alpha is a non-glycosylated polypeptide having a molecular mass of 45.1 kDa. (creativebiomart.net)
Sample: Recombinant casein kinase II α-Subunit. (emdmillipore.com)
A cell-permeable benzotriazolo compound that acts as a higly selective, reversible, and ATP/GTP-competitive inhibitor of casein kinase-2 (CK2) (IC 50 = 900 nM and 1.6 µM, using rat liver and human recombinant CK2, respectively) and DYRK (IC 50 (merckmillipore.com)
Recombinant Human Protein kinase Casein Kinase 2 alpha, His-tagged Human samples 80 % of the research is conducted on human samples. (antibody-antibodies.com)
CK2A Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain encoding the sequence of 411 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 47.3 kDa.Casein Kinase 2 alpha subunit is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques. (neobiolab.com)
CX-4945 sodium salt is a potent and selective ATP-competitive small molecule protein kinase CK2 inhibitor with a Ki and an IC50 of 0.38 and 1 nM for recombinant human CK2α, respectively. (adooq.cn)
TBB is a highly selective, ATP/GTP-competitive inhibitor of casein kinase-2 (CK2)with IC50s of 0.9 and 1.6 uM for rat liver and human recombinant CK2 respectively). (adooq.cn)

In the presence of 10 μM TBB (and 100 μM ATP) only CK2 was drastically inhibited (s85%) whereas three kinases (phosphorylase kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3L and cyclin-dependent kinase 2/cyclin A) underwent moderate inhibition, with IC50 values one-two orders of magnitude higher than CK2 (IC50 = 0.9 μM). (selleckchem.com)
Inhibition of protein tyrosine kinases or protein kinase C has little effect on NMDAR currents potentiated by nerve injury. (aspetjournals.org)
The identification of differences in structure and inhibition profiles compared to those of mammalian CK1 kinases opens new opportunities for Leishmania CK1.2 antileishmanial drug development. (asm.org)
A cell-permeable pyrazolopyrimidinylamino compound that acts as a potent, ATP-competitive and reversible inhibitor of CKIε with ~22-fold greater potency over CKIδ (IC 50 = 32 and 711 nM, respectively) and displays excellent selectivity among 50-kinases, with the only exception of EGFR (69% inhibition at 1 µM). (emdmillipore.com)

The mammalian beta-subunit gene promoter shares common features with those of other mammalian protein kinases and is closely related to the promoter of the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase [ PMID: 7737972 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
Structure of the gene encoding human casein kinase II subunit beta. (ebi.ac.uk)
Devilat, Carvallo: Structure and sequence of an intronless gene for human casein kinase II-alpha subunit. (antikoerper-online.de)
This gene is a member of the casein kinase I (CKI) gene family whose members have been implicated in the control of cytoplasmic and nuclear processes, including DNA replication and repair. (antibodies-online.com)
CSNK1G2-knockout mice showed significantly enhanced necroptosis response and premature aging of their testis, a phenotype that was rescued by either double knockout of the Ripk3 gene or feeding the animal with a RIPK1 kinase inhibitor-containing diet. (elifesciences.org)
CSNK2B - Casein kinase 2, beta polypeptide, also known as CSNK2B, is a human gene. (academic.ru)
In this study, we investigated casein kinase 2 alpha 1 (CSNK2A1) gene and protein expression in the liver tissues of mice at different ages (4, 16, and 32 weeks) using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (medsci.org)
This gene encodes the beta subunit of casein kinase II, a ubiquitous protein kinase which regulates metabolic pathways, signal transduction, transcription, translation, and replication. (nih.gov)

Protein kinases are enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from a phosphate donor, generally the g phosphate of ATP, onto an acceptor amino acid in a substrate protein. (acris-antibodies.com)
Here we report that TRF1 interacts with the βsubunit of casein kinase 2 (CK2) and serves as a substrate for CK2. (elsevier.com)

Zusätzlich bieten wir Ihnen Casein Kinase 2, alpha 1 Polypeptide Proteine (21) und Casein Kinase 2, alpha 1 Polypeptide Kits (11) und viele weitere Produktgruppen zu diesem Protein an. (antikoerper-online.de)

C ) and ( D ) Protein sequence alignments depicting conservation between Drosophila Gish isoforms and human CKIγ isoforms at the level of the kinase domain C-terminus ( C ) and putative palmitoylation ( D ). CKI sequences were aligned as indicated in Materials and methods. (nih.gov)
Multiple isoforms of casein kinase Ialpha exist and are due ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. (curehunter.com)
found that FAM83 family members interacted with a specific subset of casein kinase 1 (CK1) isoforms in vitro through the DUF1669 domain. (sciencemag.org)
CK1 kinases exist in at least seven isoforms (α, β, γ1-3, δ, and ɛ) in mammals and CK1 kinases phosphorylate various substrates to play vital roles in diverse physiological processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle progression, cytokinesis, differentiation, and apoptosis. (medchemexpress.com)
Results indicate that changes in the expression levels of casein kinase 1 isoforms CK1delta and DK1epsilon in colorectal tumors correlate with patients' survival. (nih.gov)

Primary antibody: Anti-Casein Kinase II, α-Subunit Mouse mAb (1AD9) (Cat. (emdmillipore.com)

CSNK2A1 CSNK2A2 Casein kinase 1 - a distinct protein kinase family Ahmad KA, Wang G, Unger G, Slaton J, Ahmed K (2008). (wikipedia.org)
Lepr db / + Lepr db mice, T2DM, Casein Kinase 2 Alpha 1 (CSNK2A1). (medsci.org)

Drosophila doubletime mutations which either shorten or lengthen the period of circadian rhythms decrease the protein kinase activity of casein kinase I," Molecular and Cellular Biology , vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 886-898, 2004. (hindawi.com)
The present study evaluated the function of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) in the Drosophila circadian system. (jneurosci.org)
In mammals, RSK1 is a light- and clock-regulated kinase known to be activated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, but there is no direct evidence that it functions as a component of the circadian system. (jneurosci.org)
We propose that the two kinases cooperate within clock neurons to fine-tune circadian period, improving the precision of the clock mechanism. (jneurosci.org)
Given the ubiquitous requirement for post-translational mechanisms in circadian clock systems, it is of interest to identify additional kinases that might regulate oscillator function. (jneurosci.org)
Lee HM, Chen R, Kim H, Etchegaray JP, Weaver DR, Lee C. The period of the circadian oscillator is primarily determined by the balance between casein kinase 1 and protein phosphatase 1. (umassmed.edu)
Casein kinase 2 has been implicated in cell cycle control, DNA repair, regulation of the circadian rhythm and other cellular processes. (creativebiomart.net)

Association of casein kinase 2 with nuclear chromatin in relation to androgenic regulation of rat prostate. (pnas.org)
A. Gokhale, M. Wirschell, and W. S. Sale, "Regulation of dynein-driven microtubule sliding by the axonemal protein kinase CK1 in Chlamydomonas flagella," The Journal of Cell Biology , vol. 186, no. 6, pp. 817-824, 2009. (hindawi.com)
N. F. Wilson and P. A. Lefebvre, "Regulation of flagellar assembly by glycogen synthase kinase 3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ," Eukaryotic Cell , vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 1307-1319, 2004. (hindawi.com)
In DROSOPHILA casein kinase Ialpha has been in regulation of Hedghog and Wingless signaling pathways. (curehunter.com)
Collectively, these observations suggest that Mih1 regulation is achieved by a balance of opposing kinase and phosphatase activities. (rupress.org)
In this paper, we report a novel functional role of casein kinase 1 (CK1) in the regulation of cell-cell contacts. (asm.org)
Flajolet M, He G, Heiman M, Lin A, Nairn AC, Greengard P. Regulation of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta formation by casein kinase 1. (springermedizin.de)
We then used the technique to characterise CK1.1, a member of the casein kinase 1 family, which is involved in the regulation of many cellular processes. (pasteur.fr)
In this manuscript we review the crosstalk between the Casein Kinase II (CK2) and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) pathways that plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular proliferation in leukemia. (elsevier.com)

Surprisingly, we demonstrate a physical interaction between S6KII and the casein kinase 2 regulatory subunit (CK2β), suggesting a functional relationship between the two kinases. (jneurosci.org)

Reaction Conditions: 1X NEBuffer for Protein Kinases (PK), supplement with 200 µM ATP and gamma-labeled ATP to a final specific activity of 100-500 µCi/µmol. (neb.com)
NEBuffer for Protein Kinases (PK) will also accept GTP as a phosphoryl donor in place of ATP). (neb.com)
At a 1X concentration the NEBuffer for Protein Kinases (PK) assures optimal activity of protein kinase enzymes. (neb.com)

By this basic mechanism, protein kinases mediate most of the signal transduction in eukaryotic cells, regulating cellular metabolism, transcription, cell cycle progression, cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell movement, apoptosis, and differentiation. (acris-antibodies.com)
CK2 and IKK kinase activity, as well as NF-κB transcriptional activity, was shown to be serum responsive, indicating that these kinases mediate aberrant activation of NF-κB in response to serum factor(s) in vitro . (aacrjournals.org)

Global Markets Direct's, 'Casein Kinase I Isoform Delta (Tau Protein Kinase CSNK1D or CKI Delta or CSNK1D or EC 2.7.11.1 or EC 2.7.11.26) - Pipeline Review, H2 2016', provides in depth analysis on Casein Kinase I Isoform Delta (Tau Protein Kinase CSNK1D or CKI Delta or CSNK1D or EC 2.7.11.1 or EC 2.7.11.26) targeted pipeline therapeutics. (marketresearch.com)
The report provides comprehensive information on the Casein Kinase I Isoform Delta (Tau Protein Kinase CSNK1D or CKI Delta or CSNK1D or EC 2.7.11.1 or EC 2.7.11.26), targeted therapeutics, complete with analysis by indications, stage of development, mechanism of action (MoA), route of administration (RoA) and molecule type. (marketresearch.com)
Additionally, the report provides an overview of key players involved in Casein Kinase I Isoform Delta (Tau Protein Kinase CSNK1D or CKI Delta or CSNK1D or EC 2.7.11.1 or EC 2.7.11.26) targeted therapeutics development and features dormant and discontinued projects. (marketresearch.com)

Casein Kinase 2 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques. (creativebiomart.net)

Casein Kinase II Inhibitor I, CAS 17374-26-4, is a cell-permeable, selective, reversible, and ATP/GTP-competitive inhibitor of casein kinase-2 (IC50 = 900 nM for rat liver CK2). (merckmillipore.com)
TTP 22 is a high affinity, casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor (IC50= 0.1uM, Ki= 40nM). (adooq.cn)

The conserved protein kinase CK2 negatively regulates centrosome assembly and is required for proper cell cycle progression and cytokinesis in early C. elegans embryos. (biologists.org)

Biochemicals that inhibit casein kinase II alpha have many applications in biochemical and physiological research. (scbt.com)
Caseine Kinase 1 alpha belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CK1 Ser/Thr protein kinase family, Casein kinase I subfamily. (genetex.com)
Cell lysates of HeLa and MCF7 (40ug) were resolved by SDS-PAGE, transferred to NC membrane and probed with anti-human Casein Kinase 1 alpha (1:1000). (genetex.com)
Mice that lack casein kinase 2 alpha prime have a defect in the morphology of developing sperm. (creativebiomart.net)

A-3 Hydrochloride is an inhibitor of PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase, Ki=4.3μM) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase, Ki=3.8μM, PKC (protein kinase C, Ki=47μM), casein kinase I and II, and MLCK (myosin light chain kinase) ( Ki=7.4μM). (adooq.cn)

Components of the lysosomal membrane fulfil a number of important Torin 1 small molecule kinase inhibitor functions, including acidification of the lysosomal lumen, membrane fusion with additional organelles, and transport events that facilitate the transfer of macromolecules and degradation products (12, 24). (casein-kinase.info)

is a constitutively active protein kinase and is further fully activated by association with CK2? (immune-source.com)

Casein kinase 2 activity has been reported to be activated following Wnt signaling pathway activation. (wikipedia.org)
We conclude that the aberrant NF-κB activity in HNSCC cells in response to serum is partially through a novel mechanism involving CK2-mediated activation of IKK2, making these kinases candidates for selective therapy to target the NF-κB pathway in HNSCC. (aacrjournals.org)
Necroptosis is actively suppressed by caspase-8-mediated cleavage of RIPK1 and RIPK3, whose upstream activation pathway is often shared between caspase-8 and RIPK1 kinase. (elifesciences.org)

Knippschild U, Gocht A, Wolff S, Huber N, Lohler J, Stoter M. The casein kinase 1 family: participation in multiple cellular processes in eukaryotes. (springermedizin.de)
Protein Kinase Casein Kinase 2 (PKCK2, also called CK2) is a ubiquitous Ser/Thr kinase expressed in all eukaryotes. (arp1.com)

D4476 is a potent, selective and cell-permeable inhibitor of casein kinase 1( CK1 ) with an IC 50 value of 0.3 μM in vitro . (medchemexpress.com)
A cell-permeable pyrrolo-pyrimidone compound that acts as a potent, ATP-competitive inhibitor of casein kinase II (IC 50 = 9 nM) and an effective inducer of normal human keratinocytes (NHEK) differentiation (EC 50 = 100 nM). (merckmillipore.com)
Ellagic acid is a potent and cell permeable casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor with Ki of 20 nM, acts as a potent antioxidant and anti-mutagenic. (csnpharm.com)

From drug screening to target deconvolution: a target-based drug discovery pipeline using Leishmania casein kinase 1 isoform 2 to identify compounds with antileishmanial activity," Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy , vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 2822-2833, 2016. (hindawi.com)
In terms of the role of CK1, activity relating to casein kinase was found to be present in nearly all cell types. (prospecbio.com)
However, the specific protein kinases responsible for increased NMDAR activity caused by nerve injury have not been conclusively identified. (aspetjournals.org)
An increase in the expression and activity of pro-oncogenic Casein Kinase II (CK2) is associated with the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in humans. (aacrjournals.org)
We found several of the casein kinase (CSNK) 1 family members, including CSNK1D1, CSNK1E, and CSNK1G2, bind to and inhibit RIPK3 kinase activity. (elifesciences.org)
Hence, CK2 has recently been recognized as a "master kinase" that is involved in many important cellular processes by controlling the activity of several other kinases [ 1 ] . (medsci.org)
Wnt-5a/Ca2+-induced NFAT activity is counteracted by Wnt-5a/Yes-Cdc42-casein kinase 1alpha signaling in human mammary epithelial cells. (lu.se)
These buildings claim that the prolonged N-terminal portion fixes the activation portion and ?C helix the conformational plasticity which is certainly significant for on/off legislation of enzyme activity in CMGC kinases and thus allows CK2?1 to have constitutive activity. (immune-source.com)
At a 1X concentration this reaction buffer assures optimal activity of protein kinases, including Abl Protein Tyrosine Kinase (Abl) (NEB# P6050), CDK1-cyclin B (NEB# P6020), CaMKII (NEB #P6060), p42 MAP Kinase (MAPK) (NEB# P6080). (neb.com)

Your search returned 12 Casein Kinase 1 delta ELISA ELISA Kit across 1 supplier. (biocompare.com)

In their kinase domains, the family members have the highest homology. (prospecbio.com)
Members of the Leishmania casein kinase 1 (CK1) family represent promising therapeutic targets. (asm.org)
Here we report that a member of casein kinase 1 family, casein kinase 1G2, CSNK1G2, binds and inhibits the activation of receptor-interacting kinase 3, RIPK3, thereby attenuating RIPK3-mediated necroptosis. (elifesciences.org)
Casein kinase 1 (CK1) family members are conserved Ser/Thr protein kinases that regulate important developmental processes in all eukaryotic organisms. (plantcell.org)
Casein kinase 1: complexity in the family. (springermedizin.de)
Casein kinase 1: spatial organization and positioning of a multifunctional protein kinase family. (springermedizin.de)
CK1 Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (abcam.cn)

The FERM protein Expanded is one of the main upstream Hippo signalling regulators in Drosophila as it promotes Hippo kinase signalling and directly inhibits Yorkie. (nih.gov)
Emodin inhibits casein kinase-2 ( CK2 ). (medchemexpress.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms2

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes4

Information Science2

Health Care1

Optimal sequences for non-phosphate-directed phosphorylation by protein kinase CK1 (casein kinase-1)--a re-evaluation. (1/481)

The Yck2 yeast casein kinase 1 isoform shows cell cycle-specific localization to sites of polarized growth and is required for proper septin organization. (2/481)

A casein kinase I motif present in the cytoplasmic domain of members of the tumour necrosis factor ligand family is implicated in 'reverse signalling'. (3/481)

Insertion of a casein kinase recognition sequence induces phosphorylation of ovine beta-lactoglobulin in transgenic mice. (4/481)

Alterations in C3 activation and binding caused by phosphorylation by a casein kinase released from activated human platelets. (5/481)

Angiotensin II stimulates serine phosphorylation of the adaptor protein Nck: physical association with the serine/threonine kinases Pak1 and casein kinase I. (6/481)

Serine phosphorylation of the ligand-activated beta-platelet-derived growth factor receptor by casein kinase I-gamma2 inhibits the receptor's autophosphorylating activity. (7/481)

The casein kinase Ialpha isoform is both physically positioned and functionally competent to regulate multiple events of mRNA metabolism. (8/481)

Casein Kinases

Casein Kinase II

Caseins

Casein Kinase I

Casein Kinase Iepsilon

Casein Kinase Idelta

Casein Kinase Ialpha

Protein Kinases

Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

Phosphorylation

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases

MAP Kinase Signaling System

Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases

Amino Acid Sequence

Molecular Sequence Data

Serine

Protein Kinase C

src-Family Kinases

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

Substrate Specificity

p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Phosphoproteins

Peptide Mapping

Kinetics

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1

CDC2 Protein Kinase

JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole

Protein Binding

p21-Activated Kinases

Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Isoenzymes

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases

Cyclin-Dependent Kinases

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3

Phosphoserine

Signal Transduction

Recombinant Proteins

Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3

Base Sequence

Phosphopeptides

Creatine Kinase

Cell Line

MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases

Mutation

Enzyme Activation

eIF-2 Kinase

Binding Sites

Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases

Threonine

Phosvitin

Phosphothreonine

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Transfection

Pyruvate Kinase

Cattle

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Cloning, Molecular

MAP Kinase Kinase 1

Molecular Weight

Blotting, Western

Proto-Oncogene Proteins

Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Thymidine Kinase

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Phosphoprotein Phosphatases

I-kappa B Kinase

Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases

MAP Kinase Kinase 4

Precipitin Tests

Cell Nucleus

DNA-Binding Proteins

1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase

HeLa Cells

Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)

Rabbits

CDC2-CDC28 Kinases