Cartilage
Cartilage, Articular
Nasal Cartilages
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.
Laryngeal Cartilages
Hyaline Cartilage
Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein
Osteoarthritis, Knee
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)
Aggrecans
Collagen Type II
Glycosaminoglycans
Matrilin Proteins
PROTEOGLYCANS-associated proteins that are major components of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of various tissues including CARTILAGE; and INTERVERTEBRAL DISC structures. They bind COLLAGEN fibers and contain protein domains that enable oligomer formation and interaction with other extracellular matrix proteins such as CARTILAGE OLIGOMERIC MATRIX PROTEIN.
Chondrogenesis
Extracellular Matrix Proteins
Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ).
Collagen
Stifle
Tibia
Nasal Septum
Epiphyses
Arytenoid Cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage
Cattle
Thyroid Cartilage
Matrix Metalloproteinase 13
Weight-Bearing
Joints
Tissue Engineering
Compressive Strength
Bone and Bones
Hyaluronic Acid
Femur Head
Synovial Membrane
Extracellular Matrix
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Synovial Fluid
Stress, Mechanical
Chondroitin Sulfates
Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.
Biomechanical Phenomena
Mandibular Condyle
Arthritis, Experimental
SOX9 Transcription Factor
Procollagen N-Endopeptidase
An extracellular endopeptidase which excises a block of peptides at the amino terminal, nonhelical region of the procollagen molecule with the formation of collagen. Absence or deficiency of the enzyme causes accumulation of procollagen which results in the inherited connective tissue disorder--dermatosparaxis. EC 3.4.24.14.
Uronic Acids
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Arthroplasty, Subchondral
Matrix Metalloproteinase 3
Cells, Cultured
Microscopy, Polarization
Tissue Culture Techniques
Collagen Type IX
Ribs
Chondroitin
Lectins, C-Type
Bone Development
Friction
Rabbits
Collagen Type X
Rhinoplasty
Chick Embryo
Tissue Scaffolds
Calcification, Physiologic
Collagen Type XI
Periosteum
Hindlimb
Elastic Cartilage
Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans
Chondrosarcoma
A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Matrix Metalloproteinases
Interleukin-1
A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.
Glycoproteins
Immunohistochemistry
Temporomandibular Joint
Culture Techniques
Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These include the cultures of CELLS; TISSUES; organs; or embryo in vitro. Both animal and plant tissues may be cultured by a variety of methods. Cultures may derive from normal or abnormal tissues, and consist of a single cell type or mixed cell types.
Alcian Blue
Synovitis
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of proteins. They are synthesized as large precursor molecules which are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The active form can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins.
Cell Differentiation
Hyalin
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.
Tensile Strength
ADAM Proteins
Disease Models, Animal
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Talus
Osteophyte
Fibrocartilage
Organ Culture Techniques
Fibrillar Collagens
Osteochondritis Dissecans
Osteoarthritis, Hip
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
In Situ Hybridization
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
Sharks
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Bone-marrow-derived, non-hematopoietic cells that support HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELLS. They have also been isolated from other organs and tissues such as UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD, umbilical vein subendothelium, and WHARTON JELLY. These cells are considered to be a source of multipotent stem cells because they include subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cells.
Horses
Osteochondrosis
Any of a group of bone disorders involving one or more ossification centers (EPIPHYSES). It is characterized by degeneration or NECROSIS followed by revascularization and reossification. Osteochondrosis often occurs in children causing varying degrees of discomfort or pain. There are many eponymic types for specific affected areas, such as tarsal navicular (Kohler disease) and tibial tuberosity (Osgood-Schlatter disease).
Ankle Joint
Aging
Chondroitinases and Chondroitin Lyases
Hydrogels
Chondroma
Elastic Modulus
Hip Joint
Tissue Transplantation
Bone Matrix
Chondrocalcinosis
Growth Differentiation Factor 5
Achondroplasia
An autosomal dominant disorder that is the most frequent form of short-limb dwarfism. Affected individuals exhibit short stature caused by rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, characteristic facies with frontal bossing and mid-face hypoplasia, exaggerated lumbar lordosis, limitation of elbow extension, GENU VARUM, and trident hand. (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim, MIM#100800, April 20, 2001)
Biological Markers
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
Interleukin-1beta
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
Gene Expression
Hydroxyproline
Interleukin-1alpha
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Models, Animal
Polychondritis, Relapsing
Oncostatin M
A cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions that depend upon the cellular microenvironment. Oncostatin M is a 28 kDa monomeric glycoprotein that is similar in structure to LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR. Its name derives from the the observation that it inhibited the growth of tumor cells and augmented the growth of normal fibroblasts.
Arthrography
Collagen Type I
Reproducibility of Results
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
Metalloproteases
Branchial Region
A region, of SOMITE development period, that contains a number of paired arches, each with a mesodermal core lined by ectoderm and endoderm on the two sides. In lower aquatic vertebrates, branchial arches develop into GILLS. In higher vertebrates, the arches forms outpouchings and develop into structures of the head and neck. Separating the arches are the branchial clefts or grooves.
Guided Tissue Regeneration
Procedures for enhancing and directing tissue repair and renewal processes, such as BONE REGENERATION; NERVE REGENERATION; etc. They involve surgically implanting growth conducive tracks or conduits (TISSUE SCAFFOLDING) at the damaged site to stimulate and control the location of cell repopulation. The tracks or conduits are made from synthetic and/or natural materials and may include support cells and induction factors for CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; or CELL MIGRATION.
Ear, External
SOXD Transcription Factors
Mandible
Transforming Growth Factor beta
A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.
Tarsal Joints
Disease Progression
Aminopropionitrile
Histocytochemistry
Patellofemoral Joint
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.
Sternum
Hypertrophy
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Models, Biological
Sulfur Radioisotopes
Papain
Transforming Growth Factor beta3
A TGF-beta subtype that plays role in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during embryonic development. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta3 and TGF-beta3 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor.
Collagen Type VI
Chondroitin Lyases
Enzymes which catalyze the elimination of delta-4,5-D-glucuronate residues from polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl or 1,3-alpha-L-iduronosyl linkages thereby bringing about depolymerization. EC 4.2.2.4 acts on chondroitin sulfate A and C as well as on dermatan sulfate and slowly on hyaluronate. EC 4.2.2.5 acts on chondroitin sulfate A and C.
Endopeptidases
Alkaline Phosphatase
Bone Remodeling
The continuous turnover of BONE MATRIX and mineral that involves first an increase in BONE RESORPTION (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive BONE FORMATION (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium HOMEOSTASIS. An imbalance in the regulation of bone remodeling's two contrasting events, bone resorption and bone formation, results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as OSTEOPOROSIS.
Finite Element Analysis
Dogs
Bony Callus
Hemarthrosis
Skeleton
Metatarsal Bones
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Tympanoplasty
Inhibition of transforming growth factor beta production by nitric oxide-treated chondrocytes: implications for matrix synthesis. (1/4540)
OBJECTIVE: Nitric oxide (NO) is generated copiously by articular chondrocytes activated by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). If NO production is blocked, much of the IL-1beta inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis is prevented. We tested the hypothesis that this inhibitory effect of NO on proteoglycan synthesis is secondary to changes in chondrocyte transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta). METHODS: Monolayer, primary cultures of lapine articular chondrocytes and cartilage slices were studied. NO production was determined as nitrite accumulation in the medium. TGFbeta bioactivity in chondrocyte- and cartilage-conditioned medium (CM) was measured with the mink lung epithelial cell bioassay. Proteoglycan synthesis was measured as the incorporation of 35S-sodium sulfate into macromolecules separated from unincorporated label by gel filtration on PD-10 columns. RESULTS: IL-1beta increased active TGFbeta in chondrocyte CM by 12 hours; by 24 hours, significant increases in both active and latent TGFbeta were detectable. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMA) potentiated the increase in total TGFbeta without affecting the early TGFbeta activation. IL-1beta stimulated a NO-independent, transient increase in TGFbeta3 at 24 hours; however, TGFbeta1 was not changed. When NO synthesis was inhibited with L-NMA, IL-1beta increased CM concentrations of TGFbeta1 from 24-72 hours of culture. L-arginine (10 mM) reversed the inhibitory effect of L-NMA on NO production and blocked the increases in TGFbeta1. Anti-TGFbeta1 antibody prevented the restoration of proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes exposed to IL-1beta + L-NMA, confirming that NO inhibition of TGFbeta1 in IL-1beta-treated chondrocytes effected, in part, the decreased proteoglycan synthesis. Furthermore, the increase in TGFbeta and proteoglycan synthesis seen with L-NMA was reversed by the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamide. Similar results were seen with cartilage slices in organ culture. The autocrine increase in CM TGFbeta1 levels following prior exposure to TGFbeta1 was also blocked by NO. CONCLUSION: NO can modulate proteoglycan synthesis indirectly by decreasing the production of TGFbeta1 by chondrocytes exposed to IL-1beta. It prevents autocrine-stimulated increases in TGFbeta1, thus potentially diminishing the anabolic effects of this cytokine in chondrocytes. (+info)Expression of both P1 and P2 purine receptor genes by human articular chondrocytes and profile of ligand-mediated prostaglandin E2 release. (2/4540)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the expression and function of purine receptors in articular chondrocytes. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to screen human chondrocyte RNA for expression of P1 and P2 purine receptor subtypes. Purine-stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release from chondrocytes, untreated or treated with recombinant human interleukin-1alpha (rHuIL-1alpha), was assessed by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: RT-PCR demonstrated that human articular chondrocytes transcribe messenger RNA for the P1 receptor subtypes A2a and A2b and the P2 receptor subtype P2Y2, but not for the P1 receptor subtypes A1 and A3. The P1 receptor agonists adenosine and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine did not change PGE2 release from chondrocytes. The P2Y2 agonists ATP and UTP stimulated a small release of PGE2 that was potentiated after pretreatment with rHuIL-1alpha. PGE2 release in response to ATP and UTP cotreatment was not additive, but release in response to coaddition of ATP and bradykinin (BK) or UTP and BK was additive, consistent with ATP and UTP competition for the same receptor site. The potentiation of PGE2 release in response to ATP and UTP after rHuIL-1alpha pretreatment was mimicked by phorbol myristate acetate. CONCLUSION: Human chondrocytes express both P1 and P2 purine receptor subtypes. The function of the P1 receptor subtype is not yet known, but stimulation of the P2Y2 receptor increases IL-1-mediated PGE2 release. (+info)Destruction of hyaline cartilage in the sigmoid notch of the human ulna. (3/4540)
In an ulna from an adolescent a fossa nudata divided the articular surface of the sigmoid notch into olecranon and coronoid areas. In the floor of the fossa a layer of loose avascular pannus covered a thin layer of articular cartilage. The pannus appeared to have been formed by removal of chondroitin from the cartilage, freeing the cells and unmasking the fibres. Probably the change followed loss of contact between the articular cartilages of the sigmoid notch and trochlea during postnatal growth. (+info)Transport of solutes through cartilage: permeability to large molecules. (4/4540)
A review of the transport of solutes through articular cartilage is given, with special reference to the effect of variations in matrix composition. Some physiological implications of our findings are discussed. Also, results of an experimental study of the permeability of articular cartilage to large globular proteins are presented. Because of the very low partition coefficients of large solutes between cartilage and an external solution new experimental techniques had to be devised, particularly for the study of diffusion. The partition coefficients of solutes were found to decrease very steeply with increase in size, up to serum albumin. There was, however, no further decrease for IGG. The diffusion coefficient of serum albumin in cartilage was relatively high (one quarter of the value in aqueous solution). These two facts taken together suggest that there may be a very small fraction of relatively large pores in cartilage through which the transport of large molecules is taking place. The permeability of cartilage to large molecules is extremely sensitive to variations in the glycosaminoglycan content: for a threefold increase in the latter there is a hundredfold decrease in the partition coefficient. For cartilage of fixed charge density around 0-19 m-equiv/g, there is no penetration at all of globular proteins of size equal to or larger than serum albumin. (+info)Association of the aggrecan keratan sulfate-rich region with collagen in bovine articular cartilage. (5/4540)
Aggrecan, the predominant large proteoglycan of cartilage, is a multidomain macromolecule with each domain contributing specific functional properties. One of the domains contains the majority of the keratan sulfate (KS) chain substituents and a protein segment with a proline-rich hexapeptide repeat sequence. The function of this domain is unknown but the primary structure suggests a potential for binding to collagen fibrils. We have examined binding of aggrecan fragments encompassing the KS-rich region in a solid-phase assay. A moderate affinity (apparent Kd = 1.1 microM) for isolated collagen II, as well as collagen I, was demonstrated. Enzymatic digestion of the KS chains did not alter the capacity of the peptide to bind to collagen, whereas cleavage of the protein core abolished the interaction. The distribution of the aggrecan KS-rich region in bovine tarsometatarsal joint cartilage was investigated using immunoelectron microscopy. Immunoreactivity was relatively low in the superficial zone and higher in the intermediate and deep zones of the uncalcified cartilage. Within the pericellular and territorial matrix compartments the epitopes representing the aggrecan KS-rich region were detected preferentially near or at collagen fibrils. Along the fibrils, epitope reactivity was non-randomly distributed, showing preference for the gap region within the D-period. Our data suggest that collagen fibrils interact with the KS-rich regions of several aggrecan monomers aligned within a proteoglycan aggregate. The fibril could therefore serve as a backbone in at least some of the aggrecan complexes. (+info)Distribution of chondroitin sulfate in cartilage proteoglycans under associative conditions. (6/4540)
Proteoglycan aggregates and proteoglycan subunits were extracted from bovine articular cartilage with guanidine-HC1 folowed by fractionation by equilibrium centrifugation in cesium chloride density gradients. The distribution of chondroitin sulfates (CS) in the cartilage proteoglycans was studied at the disaccharide level by digestion with chondroitinases. In the proteoglycan aggregate fraction, it was observed that the proportion of 4-sulfated disaccharide units to total CS increased from the bottom to the top fractions, whereas that of 6-sulfated disaccharide units was in the reverse order. Thus, the ratio of 4-sulfated disaccharide units to 6-sulfated disaccharide units increased significantly with decreasing density. The proportion of non-sulfated disaccharide units to total CS tended to increase with increasing density. These data indicate a polydisperse distribution of CS chains, under the conditions used here, in proteoglycan aggregates from bovine articular cartilage. (+info)Effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on sulphated glycosaminoglycan synthesis in aged human articular cartilage. (7/4540)
The anti-inflammatory drugs, sodium salicylate, indomethacin, hydrocortisone, ibuprofen, and flurbiprofen, were examined for their effects on sulphated glycosaminoglycan synthesis in aged human cartilage in vitro. Cartilage was obtained from femoral heads removed during surgery and drug effects were found to vary significantly from one head to another. Statistical analysis of the results showed that sodium salicylate exhibits concentration-dependent inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis over the concentration range used. Indomethacin, hydrocortisone, and ibuprofen, at concentrations comparable to those attained in man, caused a statistically significant depression of sulphated glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cartilage from some femoral heads but not others, reflecting the variable response of human articular cartilage to anti-inflammatory drugs. Sodium salicylate and indomethacin at higher doses produced significant (Pless than 0-005) inhibition of sulphated glycosaminoglycan synthesis in all femoral heads studied. The results for flurbiprofen were less conclusive; this compound appears not to inhibit glycosaminoglycan synthesis over the concentration range used. (+info)Uridine diphosphate xylosyltransferase activity in cartilage from manganese-deficient chicks. (8/4540)
The glycosaminoglycan content of cartilage is decreased in manganese deficiency in the chick (perosis). The activity of xylosyltransferase, the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of sulphated glycosaminoglycans, was studied in the epiphysial cartilage of 4-week-old chicks which had been maintained since hatching on a manganese-deficient diet. Enzymic activity was measured by the incorporation of [14C]xylose from UDP-[14C]xylose into trichloroacetic acid precipitates. Optimal conditions for the xylosyltransferase assay were established and shown to be the same for both control and manganese-deficient cartilage. Assay of the enzyme by using an exogenous xylose acceptor showed no difference in xylosyltransferase activity between control and manganese-deficient tissue. Further, the extent of xylose incorporation was greater in manganese-deficient than in control cartilage preparations, suggesting an increase in xylose-acceptor sites on the endogenous acceptor protein in the deficient cartilage. 35S turnover in the manganese-deficient cartilage was also increased. The data suggest that the decreased glycosaminoglycan content in manganese-deficient cartilage is due to decreased xylosylation of the acceptor protein plus increased degradation of glycosaminoglycan. (+info)
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Differential allelic expression of the type II collagen gene (COL2A1) in osteoarthritic cartilage. - Oxford Clinical Trials...
Kevin R. Stone
Articular cartilage research[edit]. In addition to meniscus replacement, Stone focused on articular cartilage regeneration for ... "Articular Cartilage Paste Grafting to Full-Thickness Articular Cartilage Knee Joint Lesions: A 2-12 year Follow Up". ... the first stem cell articular cartilage repair procedure called Articular Cartilage Paste Grafting which in long-term studies ... Stone's clinical work has focused on repairing and replacing meniscus, articular cartilage, and ligaments to keep people active ...
Arthritis
Athanasiou, Kyriacos A.; Darling, Eric M.; Hu, Jerry C.; DuRaine, Grayson D.; Reddi, A. Hari (2013). Articular Cartilage. CRC ... Osteoarthritis begins in the cartilage and eventually causes the two opposing bones to erode into each other. The condition ... In rheumatoid arthritis, most damage occurs to the joint lining and cartilage which eventually results in erosion of two ... For more severe cases of osteoarthritis, intra-articular corticosteroid injections may also be considered. The drugs to treat ...
Eirik Solheim
Much of his scientific work relates to osteogenesis, articular cartilage lesions and articular cartilage repair surgery. ... Articular Cartilage. In: Principles of regenerative medicine. Atala A, Lanza R, Nerem R, Thomson JA (Eds.) Elsevier Science & ...
Extreme sport
Articular cartilage injuries. *Acute lung injury. *Pancreatic injury. *Thoracic aorta injury. *Biliary injury ...
Immune privilege
Abazari A, Jomha NM, Elliott JA, McGann LE (2013). "Cryopreservation of articular cartilage". Cryobiology. 66 (3): 201-209. doi ... central nervous system Immune privilege is also believed to occur to some extent or able to be induced in articular cartilage. ... Fujihara Y, Takato T, Hoshi K (2014). "Macrophage-inducing FasL on chondrocytes forms immune privilege in cartilage tissue ...
Fracture of biological materials
Scott, C. Corey; Athanasiou, Kyriacos A. (2006). "Mechanical Impact and Articular Cartilage". Critical Reviews in Biomedical ... cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. Bone and cartilage, as load-bearing biological materials, are of interest to both a medical ... Cartilage damage and fracture can contribute to osteoarthritis, a joint disease that results in joint stiffness and reduced ... Studying bone and cartilage can motivate the design of resilient synthetic materials that could aid in joint replacements. ...
Second-harmonic imaging microscopy
"Nonlinear optical microscopy of articular cartilage". Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 13 (4): 345-352. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2004.12 ... Also, pathologies in cartilage such as osteoarthritis can be probed by polarization-resolved SHG microscopy,. SHIM was later ... It can be found in tendon, skin, bone, cornea, aorta, fascia, cartilage, meniscus, intervertebral disks... Myosin can also be ... "Collagen fiber arrangement in normal and diseased cartilage studied by polarization sensitive nonlinear microscopy". Journal of ...
Chondropathy
Though articular cartilage damage is not life-threatening, it does strongly affect the quality of life. Articular cartilage ... Inflammation of cartilage in the ribs, causing chest pain. Osteoarthritis: The cartilage covering bones (articular cartilage) ... that contribute to articular cartilage repair. However, these procedures do not treat osteoarthritis. [1] American Orthopaedic ... Chondropathy refers to a disease of the cartilage. It is frequently divided into 5 grades, with 0-2 defined as normal and 3-4 ...
Decorin
Roughley PJ, White RJ (September 1989). "Dermatan sulphate proteoglycans of human articular cartilage. The properties of ...
Hyaluronic acid
... is an important component of articular cartilage, where it is present as a coat around each cell (chondrocyte ... 1988). "Hyaluronic acid in human articular cartilage. Age-related changes in content and size". Biochem. J. 250 (2): 435-441. ... and that intra-articular injection of HA could possibly cause adverse effects. A 2020 meta-analysis found that intra-articular ... Hyaluronan is used in treatment of articular disorders in horses, in particular those in competition or heavy work. It is ...
Biglycan
Non-glycanated forms of biglycan (no GAG chains) increase with age in human articular cartilage. The composition of GAG chains ... Roughley PJ, White RJ (September 1989). "Dermatan sulphate proteoglycans of human articular cartilage. The properties of ... "Non-proteoglycan forms of biglycan increase with age in human articular cartilage". Biochem. J. 295 (2): 421-6. doi:10.1042/ ... Vynios DH, Papageorgakopoulou N, Sazakli H, Tsiganos CP (September 2001). "The interactions of cartilage proteoglycans with ...
Kim Yeon-koung
Immediately afterwards, she again received articular cartilage surgery. After a few months of recovery, she participated in the ...
Microfracture surgery
... a cell-based articular cartilage repair procedure that aims to provide complete hyaline repair tissues for articular cartilage ... forcing the patient to reengage in articular cartilage repair. The effectiveness of cartilage growth after microfracture ... "Articular cartilage repair of the knee" by Karen Hambly. www.cartilagehealth.com/acr.html "Characterized Chondrocyte ... Microfracture surgery is an articular cartilage repair surgical technique that works by creating tiny fractures in the ...
Lumican
Organization, chromosomal location, and expression in articular cartilage". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (37): ...
Lori Ann Setton
... articular cartilage mechanics, drug delivery, and pathomechanisms of osteoarthritis. She is currently the Department Chair as ... "In situ crosslinking elastin-like polypeptide gels for application to articular cartilage repair in a goat osteochondral defect ... "Photocrosslinkable hyaluronan as a scaffold for articular cartilage repair". Ann Biomed Eng. 32 (3): 391-397. doi:10.1023/b: ... development of injectable hydrogels for articular cartilage repair, and development of injectable drug delivery vehicles for ...
Nicholas A. Peppas
These gels became very successful articular cartilage replacement systems. In 1978, he developed the same systems for in situ ... N.A. Peppas: "Hydrogels for Synthetic Articular Cartilage Applications," SPE Techn. Papers (NATEC), 62-63 (1977) Peppas, N. A ... 1979). "Characterization of homogeneous and pseudocomposite homopolymers and copolymers for articular cartilage replacement". ...
Tissue engineering
Self-assembling engineered articular cartilage was introduced by Jerry Hu and Kyriacos A. Athanasiou in 2006 and applications ... Hu JC, Athanasiou KA (April 2006). "A self-assembling process in articular cartilage tissue engineering". Tissue Engineering. ... Cartilage: lab-grown cartilage, cultured in vitro on a scaffold, was successfully used as an autologous transplant to repair ... Scaffold-free cartilage: Cartilage generated without the use of exogenous scaffold material. In this methodology, all material ...
Mechanobiology
Articular cartilage is the connective tissue that protects bones of load-bearing joints like knee, shoulder by providing a ... This mechanical responsiveness of articular cartilage is due to its biphasic nature; it contains both the solid and fluid ... Wong, M; Carter, D.R (July 2003). "Articular cartilage functional histomorphology and mechanobiology: a research perspective". ... "Comparison of the equilibrium response of articular cartilage in unconfined compression, confined compression and indentation ...
Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
... and biochemical properties of this engineered cartilage approach those of native articular cartilage. More recently, the ... Athanasiou and his colleagues published the book Articular Cartilage. He published one of the first papers on the use of ... Athanasiou, K.A.; Darling, E.; DuRaine, G.; Hu, J.; Reddi, A.H.: Articular Cartilage, Second Edition, ISBN 978-1-4987-0622-3, ... His group has also demonstrated the fabrication of entire sections of articular cartilage by self-assembly of cells, without ...
Asporin
"Mechanisms for asporin function and regulation in articular cartilage". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 (44): 32185-92 ... ASPN belongs to a family of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins associated with the cartilage matrix. The name asporin reflects ...
Type IV hypersensitivity
Chronic arthritis, inflammation, destruction of articular cartilage and bone. Tuberculin reaction (Mantoux test)[3]. Tuberculin ...
Scaphoid bone
Over 80% of the bone is covered in articular cartilage. The palmar surface of the scaphoid is concave, and forming a tubercle, ...
Mechanotransduction
One of the main mechanical functions of articular cartilage is to act as a low-friction, load-bearing surface. Due to its ... Behrens, Fred; Kraft, Ellen L.; Oegema, Theodore R. (1989). "Biochemical changes in articular cartilage after joint ... articular cartilage experiences a range of static and dynamic forces that include shear, compression and tension. These ... "Effect of Compressive Strain on Cell Viability in Statically Loaded Articular Cartilage". Biomechanics and Modeling in ...
Tear of meniscus
The load now was distributed directly to the articular cartilage. In light of these findings, it is essential to preserve the ... In joints with intact menisci, the force was applied through the menisci and articular cartilage; however, a lesion in the ... While the ends of the thigh bone and the shin bone have a thin covering of soft hyaline cartilage, the menisci are made of ... When doctors and patients refer to "torn cartilage" in the knee, they actually may be referring to an injury to a meniscus at ...
Basic fibroblast growth factor
Vincent T, Saklatvala J (June 2006). "Basic fibroblast growth factor: an extracellular mechanotransducer in articular cartilage ...
Epiphysis
... the epiphysis is covered with articular cartilage; below that covering is a zone similar to the epiphyseal plate, known as ... Traction epiphysis: The regions of the long bone which are non-articular, i.e. not involved in joint formation. Unlike pressure ...
Clavicle
The articular surface extends to the inferior aspect for attachment with the first costal cartilage. ...
Tear of meniscus
The load now was distributed directly to the articular cartilage. In light of these findings, it is essential to preserve the ... In joints with intact menisci, the force was applied through the menisci and articular cartilage; however, a lesion in the ... tear of medial cartilage/meniscus (836.1), and tear of cartilage/meniscus (836.2). Females had a total of 53.49% discharges, ... This is due to a piece of the torn cartilage preventing the normal functioning of the knee joint.[citation needed] ...
Asporin - ويكيبيديا
"Mechanisms for asporin function and regulation in articular cartilage". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 (44): 32185-92 ...
Category:Mid-importance Anatomy articles
Talk:Articular branches of descending genicular artery. *Talk:Articular capsule of the knee joint ... Talk:Arytenoid cartilage. *Talk:Arytenoid muscle. *Talk:Ascending aorta. *Talk:Ascending branch of medial circumflex femoral ...
Ossicles - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
These are ossified (turned into bone) portions of cartilage -- called Meckel's cartilage -- that are attached to the jaw. As ... These correspond to the quadrate, prearticular, articular, and angular structures in earlier land vertebrates.[1] ... the embryo develops, the cartilage hardens to form bone. Later in development, the bone structure breaks loose from the jaw and ...
Reptile
The new section will however contain cartilage rather than bone, and will never grow to the same length as the original tail. ... a jaw joint formed by the quadrate and articular bones, and certain characteristics of the vertebrae.[17] The animals singled ...
Knee cartilage replacement therapy
Articular cartilage, most notably that which is found in the knee joint, is generally characterized by very low friction, high ... Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis, which is also known as AMIC, is a biological treatment option for articular cartilage ... Osteochondral Grafting of Articular Cartilage Injury at eMedicine. ... "Articular cartilage regeneration with autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells and hyaluronic Acid after arthroscopic ...
Eccentric training
... and the articular cartilage.[8] In an experiment performed on rat muscles after twenty sessions of treadmill low intensity ...
Injury
Articular cartilage injuries. *Acute lung injury. *Pancreatic injury. *Thoracic aorta injury. *Biliary injury ...
Rib
The articular facet, is small and oval and is the lower and more medial of the two, and connects to the transverse costal facet ... The first seven sets of ribs, known as "true ribs", are attached to the sternum by the costal cartilages. The first rib is ... The non-articular portion is a rough elevation and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is much ... The superior costotransverse ligament attaches from the non-articular facet of the tubercle to the transverse process of the ...
Autophagy
Proteins involved in autophagy are reduced with age in both human and mouse articular cartilage.[76] Mechanical injury to ... Autophagy is constantly activated in normal cartilage but it is compromised with age and precedes cartilage cell death and ... "The relationship of autophagy defects to Cartilage Damage During joint aging in a mouse model". Arthritis Rheumatol. 67 (6): ... "Autophagy is a protective mechanism in normal cartilage, and its aging related loss is linked with cell death and ...
Ankle replacement
Cartilage. *Articular cartilage repair *Microfracture surgery. *Knee cartilage replacement therapy. *Autologous chondrocyte ... Ankle replacement, or ankle arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace the damaged articular surfaces of the human ankle ... This meniscal bearing should allow full congruence at the articular surfaces in all joint positions in order to minimize wear ... ligaments and articular surfaces), and poor restoration of these functions in the replaced joint may be responsible for the ...
Cerebral palsy
... articular cartilage may atrophy,[21]:46 leading to narrowed joint spaces. Depending on the degree of spasticity, a person with ...
Meckel's cartilage
In all tetrapods the cartilage partially ossifies (changes to bone) at the rear end of the jaw and becomes the articular bone, ... The Meckelian Cartilage, also known as "Meckel's Cartilage", is a piece of cartilage from which the mandibles (lower jaws) of ... Meckel's cartilage arises from the first pharyngeal arch.. The dorsal end of each cartilage is connected with the ear-capsule ... the cartilage was covered in bone - although in their embryos the jaw initially develops as the Meckelian Cartilage. ...
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Cartilage. *Articular cartilage repair *Microfracture surgery. *Knee cartilage replacement therapy. *Autologous chondrocyte ... Fixing the torn cartilage will increase the procedure time, increasing cost. Insurance plays the biggest roll in cost for an ... cartilage cells). Ligament tissue mainly consists of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. Ligament cells differ in size, ...
Scapula
It is broad and bears the glenoid cavity on its articular surface which is directed forward, laterally and slightly upwards, ... The surface is covered with cartilage in the fresh state; and its margins, slightly raised, give attachment to a ...
Pelvis
The two hip bones are joined anteriorly at the pubic symphysis by a fibrous cartilage covered by a hyaline cartilage, the ... and synovial joints between the articular processes of the two bones. In addition to these ligaments the joint is strengthened ... At birth the whole of the hip joint (the acetabulum area and the top of the femur) is still made of cartilage (but there may be ... During childhood, these sections are separate bones, joined by the triradiate cartilage. During puberty, they fuse together to ...
അസ്ഥികൂടം - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
ഇതിന് മുകൾ ഭാഗത്തും അടിഭാഗത്തും ആയി ഓരോ സന്ധി മുഖികകൾ (articular facets) ഉണ്ട്. മുകൾഭാഗത്തെ സന്ധിമുഖിക വഴി അനുകപാലാസ്ഥിയുമായും ... ഈ മധ്യഭിത്തി അസ്ഥികളാലും തരുണാസ്ഥി (cartilage)കളാലും നിർമിതമാണ്. മധ്യഭിത്തിയിൽ ഊർധ്വഹന്വസ്ഥിയുടെയും പാലറ്റൈൻ - സ്ഫീനോയ്ഡ് ... കശേരുകദണ്ഡിന്റെ വക്ഷീയഭാഗവും പാർശുകകളും (വാരിയെല്ല് - ribs) അവയുടെ പാർശുക-തരുണാസ്ഥികളും (costal cartilages) ഉരോസ്ഥിയും (sternum ... superiour articular) പ്രവർധങ്ങളും, രണ്ട് ...
Orthopedic surgery
Arthroplasty is an orthopedic surgery where the articular surface of a musculoskeletal joint is replaced, remodeled, or ... Masaki Watanabe of Japan to perform minimally invasive cartilage surgery and reconstructions of torn ligaments. Arthroscopy ...
Blood vessel
A few structures (such as cartilage and the lens of the eye) do not contain blood vessels and are labeled. ...
Fish jaw
In tetrapods the cartilage partially ossifies (changes to bone) at the rear end of the jaw and becomes the articular bone, ... Meckel's cartilage is a piece of cartilage from which the mandibles (lower jaws) of vertebrates evolved. Originally it was the ... the cartilage was covered in bone - although in their embryos the jaw initially develops as the Meckel's cartilage. ... The jaws of a large great white shark may have up to five layers.[26] In the rostrum (snout), the cartilage can be spongy and ...
Hyaluronic acid
... is an important component of articular cartilage, where it is present as a coat around each cell (chondrocyte ... "Hyaluronic acid in human articular cartilage. Age-related changes in content and size". Biochem. J. 250 (2): 435-441. PMC ... Hyaluronan is used in treatment of articular disorders in horses, in particular those in competition or heavy work. It is ... These aggregates imbibe water and are responsible for the resilience of cartilage (its resistance to compression). The ...
Ethmoid sinus
nasal cartilages *of the septum. *Greater alar. *Lesser alar. *Lateral nasal. *Accessory nasal ...
Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles
The earliest amniotes had a jaw joint composed of the articular (a small bone at the back of the lower jaw) and the quadrate (a ... yet maintain a slender connection to the jaw via the ossified Meckel's cartilage, which in more advanced mammals dissolves ... The jaw joint consisted of the articular bone in the lower jaw and the quadrate in the upper jaw. The early pelycosaurs (late ... Over the course of the evolution of mammals, one bone from the lower and one from the upper jaw (the articular and quadrate ...
Arthritis
Athanasiou, Kyriacos A.; Darling, Eric M.; Hu, Jerry C.; DuRaine, Grayson D.; Reddi, A. Hari (2013). Articular Cartilage (in ...
Adult stem cell
Wakitani S, Nawata M, Tensho K, Okabe T, Machida H, Ohgushi H (2007). "Repair of articular cartilage defects in the patello- ... "Regeneration of meniscus cartilage in a knee treated with percutaneously implanted autologous mesenchymal stem cells, platelate ... have reported high field MRI evidence of increased cartilage and meniscus volume in individual human clinical subjects as well ... "Increased knee cartilage volume in degenerative joint disease using percutaneously implanted, autologous mesenchymal stem ...
Imunska privilegija
Abazari A, Jomha NM, Elliott JA, McGann LE (2013). "Cryopreservation of articular cartilage". Cryobiology. 66 (3): 201-209. doi ... Fujihara Y, Takato T, Hoshi K (2014). "Macrophage-inducing FasL on chondrocytes forms immune privilege in cartilage tissue ...
Bone
... and the formation of articular cartilage and the epiphyseal plates.[citation needed] ... Zone of reserve cartilage. This region, farthest from the marrow cavity, consists of typical hyaline cartilage that as yet ... it involves the development of bone from cartilage. This process includes the development of a cartilage model, its growth and ... Salentijn, L. Biology of Mineralized Tissues: Cartilage and Bone, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine post-graduate ...
ಶಸ್ತ್ರಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ
Cartilage. *Articular cartilage repair *Microfracture surgery. *Knee cartilage replacement therapy. *Autologous chondrocyte ...
Cervical vertebrae
The superior and inferior articular processes of cervical vertebrae have fused on either or both sides to form articular ... From C6-7, the cricoid cartilage[9]. *At C6, the oesophagus becomes continuous with the laryngopharynx and also where the ... The articular facets are flat and of an oval form: *the superior face backward, upward, and slightly medially. ...
Shoulder replacement
Arthritis is a condition that affects the cartilage of the joints. As the cartilage lining wears away, the protective lining ... intra-articular corticosteroid injections (injection into the joint space) are another popular, conservative option.[5] If all ... patients often developed cartilage loss on their glenoid surface as well, leading to pain and glenoid erosion. This prompted ...
Articular Cartilage (Tibia)
Knee injuries - the articular cartilage
If the injury is restricted to the cartilage, it will not show up in an X-ray, but can be found by means of arthroscopy (using ... Articular cartilage injuries. Damage to the knee can cause lesions to the articular lining cartilage or hyaline cartilage, ... An arthroscopy may show up subtle surface articular cartilage lesions not visualised by an MRI scan. Injury to the cartilage ... There are also two types of cartilages: the menisci and the articular cartilage, which makes up the lining. ...
Computational Models of Articular Cartilage
Articular cartilage regeneration by activated skeletal stem cells | Nature Medicine
... in a hydrogel skewed differentiation of MF-activated SSCs toward articular cartilage. These data indicate that following MF, a ... Endogenous skeletal stem cells are recruited to form cartilage in mice when stimulated by microfracture surgery together with ... progressive destruction of articular cartilage1. The etiology of OA is complex and involves a variety of factors, including ... populations to regenerate cartilage in relation to age, a possible contributor to the development of osteoarthritis5-7. We ...
Observations ON THE NUTRITION OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE | The BMJ
Articular cartilage repair - Wikipedia
The aim of an articular cartilage repair treatment is to restore the surface of an articular joints hyaline cartilage. Over ... See also Stem cell transplantation for articular cartilage repair Rehabilitation following any articular cartilage repair ... scientists have striven to replace damaged articular cartilage with healthy articular cartilage. Previous repair procedures, ... First, cartilage cells are extracted arthroscopically from the patients healthy articular cartilage that is located in a non ...
Patent US6110209 - Method and paste for articular cartilage transplantation - Google Patents
The invention disclosed provides an articular cartilage cancellous bone paste in an effective amount for enhancing formation of ... The paste can include a cartilage-stimulating factor. ... 4. The articular cartilage paste of claim 3 wherein the cells ... 3, the first step of articular cartilage transplantation is shown, demonstrating shaving of articular cartilage lesion. FIG. 4 ... 1. An articular cartilage paste comprising:. an osteocartilaginous tissue mixture for effecting in vivo cartilage formation, ...
Osteochondral Grafting of Articular Cartilage Injuries: Background, Indications, Contraindications
The decreased capacity of damaged articular cartilage to heal or regenerate has contributed measurably to these effects. ... and full-thickness cartilage injuries, as well as osteochondral pathology in weightbearing joints, have produced deleterious ... encoded search term (Osteochondral Grafting of Articular Cartilage Injuries) and Osteochondral Grafting of Articular Cartilage ... Osteochondral Grafting of Articular Cartilage Injuries. Updated: Oct 06, 2020 * Author: Abigail E Smith, MD; Chief Editor: ...
articular cartilage damage in knee - Orthopedics & Sports Medicine - MedHelp
... full thickness articular cartilage damage .9cm right knee weight bearing area 30 year old very active athletic female want a ... articular cartilage damage in knee melissafox re: full thickness articular cartilage damage .9cm right knee weight bearing area ... aci - after all that, couldnt the cartilage grow in as fiborous anyway? wont i need another surgery in a few years with this ...
Mechanobiology in the development, maintenance, and degeneration of articular cartilage. - PubMed - NCBI
Variations in articular mechanical load are predicted to modulate cartilage thickness. These results are consistent with the ... Mechanobiology in the development, maintenance, and degeneration of articular cartilage.. Beaupré GS1, Stevens SS, Carter DR. ... Specifically, intermittent hydrostatic pressure is thought to maintain cartilage, and shear stresses encourage cartilage ... on the development of a layer of articular cartilage, using an idealized finite element computer model. The results of our ...
Articular cartilage transplantation. Clinical results in the knee. - PubMed - NCBI
Articular cartilage transplantation. Clinical results in the knee.. Chu CR1, Convery FR, Akeson WH, Meyers M, Amiel D. ... Between December 1983 and August 1991, 55 consecutive patients (55 knees) who underwent articular cartilage transplantation to ... the knee capitalize on the different healing potentials of bone and cartilage by transplanting the viable articular cartilage ... full thickness articular cartilage defects to the medial or lateral femoral condyles and to the patella. ...
Normal and osteochondrotic porcine articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex | Open Library
Normal and osteochondrotic porcine articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex by Stina Ekman; 1 edition; Subjects: Veterinary ... Are you sure you want to remove Normal and osteochondrotic porcine articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex from your list? ... Normal and osteochondrotic porcine articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex studies on cellular and matrix components Stina Ekman ... Normal and osteochondrotic porcine articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex ,author = Stina Ekman ,publication-date = 1990 }}. ...
New, Ground Breaking Research Shows Promising Advancements in the Battle Against Articular Cartilage Disease
... ground breaking research shows promising advancements in the battle against articular cartilage disease. A new ... Articular cartilage disease is a large and growing problem as the US population ages. Orthopedic surgeons are able to visibly ... Articular cartilage disease is a large and growing problem as the US population ages. Orthopedic surgeons are able to visibly ... New, ground breaking research shows promising advancements in the battle against articular cartilage disease. A new study, ...
Articular cartilage | KNEEguru
It is also called joint cartilage or hyaline cartilage. ... Articular cartilage is the white gristle covering the ends of ... Introduction to articular cartilage repair. Part 1 of an in-depth review on Articular Cartilage Repair by Dr Karen Hambly PhD ... It is also called joint cartilage or hyaline cartilage.. It is damage to the articular cartilage which is called arthritis ... Articular cartilage repair. A short but sound overview of the issue of damage to the joint cartilage, and what can be done ...
Tuesday 16:00 MR Imaging of Articular Cartilage
MR Imaging of Articular Cartilage. Room A102. 16:00 18:00. Chairs: R. Mark Henkleman and Gabrielle Bergman. ... Proteoglycan Distribution Across Articular Cartilage as Determined by Na MRI, E.M. Shapiro, A. Borthakur, J.S. Leigh and R. ... The Role of T2 and Gd-DTPA Enhanced T1 Relaxation in Mapping Degraded Articular Cartilage, A.M. Herneth, V. Mlynarik, M. Huber ... Watershed Segmentation of High Resolution Articular Cartilage Images for Assessment of OsteoArthritis, S. Ghosh, O. Beuf, D.C. ...
Control of articular synovitis for bone and cartilage regeneration in rheumatoid arthritis | SpringerLink
Pinder previously reported that synovectomy with drilling of areas of articular cartilage loss showed cartilage regeneration ... The loss of the articular cartilage in RA is evident on X-ray as joint-space narrowing, but in most cases, erosion and joint- ... Rheumatoid arthritis Joint destruction Synovitis Articular cartilage Regeneration Abbreviations. ACR. American College of ... When the joint has the ability to regenerate the destroyed bone and/or articular cartilage, self-regeneration should occur ...
Permeability and shear modulus of articular cartilage in growing mice | SpringerLink
Articular cartilage maturation is the postnatal development process that adapts joint surfaces to their site-specific ... based therapies dedicated to cartilage repair. We hypothesize that at the microscale, the articular cartilage tissue properties ... Maroudas A, Bullough P, Swanson, Freeman MA (1968) The permeability of articular cartilage. J Bone Jt Surg Br 50:166-177Google ... Articular cartilage maturation is the postnatal development process that adapts joint surfaces to their site-specific ...
Effects of copper and zinc on proteoglycan metabolism in articular cartilage
Articular cartilage stem cell paste grafting - Wikipedia
... not true hyaline articular cartilage. Knowing that fibrocartilage was not as durable as articular cartilage and that its ... "Articular cartilage paste grafting to full-thickness articular cartilage knee joint lesions: a 2- to 12-year follow-up". ... Articular cartilage is a connective tissue overlying the ends of bones that provides smooth joint surfaces. Healthy cartilage ... Stone, KR; Walgenbach, A (1997). "Surgical technique for articular cartilage transplantation to full-thickness cartilage ...
Articular cartilage restoration | KNEEguru
This site is owned by a UK-based limited company (company number 2893459; incorporated 1st February 1994). The domain was first registered on 4th February 1997.. Registered Address: The KNEEguru, c/o Price Pearson Limited (att. Chris Cooper, Accountant), Finch House, 28/30 Wolverhampton Street, Dudley, West Midlands, DY1 1DB, United Kingdom.. ...
Osteoarthritis and Articular Cartilage: Biomechanics and Novel Treatment Paradigms
Objectives: 1) To detail the structure of healthy articular cartilage, the key tissue affected by osteoarthritis. 2) To detail ... if the basic collective information on the role of biomechanics in mediating or moderating articular cartilage integrity and ... what aspects of cartilage damage best characterize osteoarthritis. 3) To consider the role of biomechanical factors in ... Kuettner, K.E., Aydeotte, M. and Thonar, E.J.-M.A. (1991) Articular Cartilage Matrix and Structure: A Mini Review. Journal of ...
Patent US7323445 - Methods and compositions for healing and repair of articular cartilage - Google Patents
The method results in the regeneration and/or functional repair of articular cartilage tissue. ... Methods and compositions are provided for the treatment of articular cartilage defects and disease involving the combination of ... A method for regeneration of articular cartilage comprising administering to an area in need of regeneration of said articular ... for regeneration of articular cartilage comprising administering to an area in need of regeneration of said articular cartilage ...
Articular Cartilage Restoration - OrthoInfo - AAOS
... doctors have developed surgical techniques to stimulate the growth of new cartilage. Restoring articular cartilage can relieve ... Articular cartilage can be damaged by injury or normal wear and tear. Because cartilage does not heal itself well, doctors have ... Normal healthy articular cartilage in the knee (left). A large cartilage defect in the knee joint surface (center). During ... Cartilage Damage. Hyaline Cartilage. The main component of the joint surface is a special tissue called hyaline cartilage.When ...
CiNii Articles -
Articular cartilage repair with magnetic mesenchymal stem cells
Pannocytes: distinctive cells found in rheumatoid arthritis articular cartilage erosions
Similar cells are not found in lesions of osteoarthritis cartilage. We have designated them as pannocytes (PCs). Their rhomboid ... A distinctive cell was identified from sites of rheumatoid arthritis cartilage injury. ... Pannocytes: distinctive cells found in rheumatoid arthritis articular cartilage erosions Am J Pathol. 1997 Mar;150(3):1125-38. ... A distinctive cell was identified from sites of rheumatoid arthritis cartilage injury. Similar cells are not found in lesions ...
Adult human neural crest-derived cells for articular cartilage repair
... Sci Transl Med. 2014 Aug 27;6(251):251ra119. doi: 10.1126 ... NCs could also be reprogrammed to stably express Hox genes typical of ACs upon implantation into goat articular cartilage ... implying a role for NCs in the unmet clinical challenge of articular cartilage repair. An ongoing phase 1 clinical trial ... Using hyaline cartilage as a model, we showed that adult human neuroectoderm-derived nasal chondrocytes (NCs) can be ...
Repair Mechanisms in Articular Cartilage-A Porcine in Vitro Study
We describe an explant model comprising two different repair systems in immature articular cartilage. This model provides us ... Explants of articular cartilage were dissected from the femoral condyles of immature one-year-old pigs and cultured in DMEM/F12 ... The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reparative processes occurring in a young age porcine cartilage explant model ... After 1 - 4 weeks of culture with FCS, LM showed migration and proliferation of chondrocytes in cartilage close to the injured ...
Articular cartilage regeneration: Current status and future opportunities
... intra-articular and extra-articular environment in order to optimize cartilage preservation and restoration. ... Strategies for Articular Cartilage Lesion Repair and Functional Restoration. Tissue Eng. Part B Rev. 2010; Jan 30. Epub ahead ... Articular cartilage regeneration: Current status and future opportunities. It is becoming increasingly clear that we are ... The concept of preserving and protecting articular cartilage is not new, although delivering on this worthy goal has been ...
Arthrex - articular cartilage
JCI -
Enhanced cleavage of type II collagen by collagenases in osteoarthritic articular cartilage.
Enhanced cleavage of type II collagen by collagenases in osteoarthritic articular cartilage.. ... involved in the cleavage and denaturation of type II collagen in articular cartilage, that this is increased in OA, and that ... compared to adult nonarthritic cartilages as determined by immunoassay of cartilage extracts. A synthetic preferential ... from human osteoarthritic cartilage explants. These data suggest that collagenase(s) produced by chondrocytes is (are) ...
OsteoarthritisChondrocytesTissueLesionsCollagenDefectIntra-articularRegeneration of articular cartilageChondrocyteDefects in the kneeThickness articular cartilageDegenerative articular cartilageJointsVitroSubchondral boneFemoralMechanicalOsteochondralStiffnessRabbit articular cartilage defectsHuman Osteoarthritic Articular CartilageClinicalEvaluation of the articular cartilageResponse of articular cartilageProperties of articular cartilageInjuryMicrofractureNormal articular cartilageHyaline articular cartilageHealthy articular cartilageTraumaticPorcineDegenerationRestorationMesenchymalSurgicalKnee cartilage defectsArthritisSurfacesAutologousPathologyOsteoarthritic cartilageJointArthroscopyChanges in cartilageDegradation of cartilageRegenerateProteoglycan contentRestore
Osteoarthritis29
- Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease resulting in irreversible, progressive destruction of articular cartilage 1 . (nature.com)
- Focal arthritic defects may occur as the result of trauma or other conditions, such as loss of the protective meniscus cartilage or osteoarthritis. (google.ca)
- These results are consistent with the view that the mechanobiological factors responsible for the development of diarthrodial joints eventually lead to cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis (OA) with aging. (nih.gov)
- Injury to cartilage can lead to pain and stiffness and is the precursor to the development of osteoarthritis (degenerative joint arthritis). (wikipedia.org)
- Buckwalter JA, Mankin HJ, Grodzinsky AJ (2005) Articular cartilage and osteoarthritis. (springer.com)
- Objectives: 1) To detail the structure of healthy articular cartilage, the key tissue affected by osteoarthritis. (scirp.org)
- 2) To detail what aspects of cartilage damage best characterize osteoarthritis. (scirp.org)
- Marks, R. (2014) Osteoarthritis and Articular Cartilage: Biomechanics and Novel Treatment Paradigms. (scirp.org)
- Similar cells are not found in lesions of osteoarthritis cartilage. (nih.gov)
- There was significantly more COL2-3/4C(short) neoepitope in osteoarthritis (OA) compared to adult nonarthritic cartilages as determined by immunoassay of cartilage extracts. (jci.org)
- Articular cartilage injuries are a prime target for regenerative techniques, since spontaneous healing is poor and untreated defects predispose to osteoarthritis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- This chapter reviews the structure and function of articular cartilage and the pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis (OA) before exploring the challenges associated with cartilage repair and regeneration. (igi-global.com)
- Ayturk UM, Sieker JT, Haslauer CM, Proffen BL, Weissenberger MH, Warman ML, Fleming BC, Murray MM. Proteolysis and cartilage development are activated in the synovium after surgical induction of post traumatic osteoarthritis. (harvard.edu)
- Leptin in osteoarthritis: Focus on articular cartilage and chondrocytes. (wellnessresources.com)
- Osteoarthritis affects millions of people globally, with damage to articular cartilage causing pain and altered mechanics during articulation. (bl.uk)
- Osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent disease in the United States population, with approximately 75% of persons over age 65 having radiographic evidence of degenerative changes, and nearly two-thirds of routine knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrating articular cartilage damage. (appliedradiology.com)
- The presence of a hysteresis loop in cartilage indicates energy loss, thereby signaling degradation of cartilage leading to osteoarthritis. (rice.edu)
- Proteomic changes in articular cartilage of human endemic osteoarthritis in China. (diva-portal.org)
- It is a degenerative disease similar to osteoarthritis, but with different manifestations of cartilage damage. (diva-portal.org)
- An injurious impact applies a significant amount of physical stress on articular cartilage and can initiate a cascade of biochemical reactions that can lead to the development of osteoarthritis. (frontiersin.org)
- The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of autologous transplantation , under arthroscopy, of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal stem cells , using, with a cell separator, a fresh non-culture expanded Autologous Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem , mixed and activated with proteins scaffold in patient with Knee cartilage defects and osteoarthritis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Because of its characteristics as an imaging technique, Raman mapping could be a promising tool for studying biochemical changes in cartilage occurring during aging or osteoarthritis. (rsc.org)
- It is believed that cartilage damage due to knee osteoarthritis is mechanically induced. (witpress.com)
- 700N) and misalignment (valgus variation) could damage the AC because they increase the stress magnitude and it comes into the cyclic damage range (5-10 MPa), which progressively produces articular cartilage damage and enhances the osteoarthritis phenomenon due to mechanical factors. (witpress.com)
- The hallmark feature of osteoarthritis is the breakdown in the articular cartilage of joints such as the knee and hip. (getprolo.com)
- Articular cartilage defects may initiate osteoarthritis. (biologists.org)
- Subchondral drilling, proposed for the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans by Smillie in 1957 ( Smillie, 1957 ) and osteoarthritis by Pridie in 1959 ( Pridie and Gordon, 1959 ), is a widely used marrow stimulation technique for articular cartilage repair in the clinical setting. (biologists.org)
- 1,2] Unless cartilage damage is prevented or treated in time, the inevitable end result is osteoarthritis (OA). (thefreelibrary.com)
- We assessed the pathological changes of articular cartilage and subchondral bone on different locations of the knee after extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in early osteoarthritis (OA). (medsci.org)
Chondrocytes25
- 5. The articular cartilage paste of claim 3 wherein the cells comprise a plurality of cloned chondrocytes. (google.ca)
- Surgical techniques currently being studied include: bone marrow stimulation osteochondral autograft transplantation osteochondral allograft transplantation autologous chondrocyte implantation cell-based (using chondrocytes or stem-cells) or acellular scaffolding Articular cartilage stem cell paste grafting is another technique in use and is undergoing continued investigation. (wikipedia.org)
- Their rhomboid morphology differs from the bipolar shape of fibroblast-like synoviocytes or the spherical configuration of primary human articular chondrocytes. (nih.gov)
- Using hyaline cartilage as a model, we showed that adult human neuroectoderm-derived nasal chondrocytes (NCs) can be constitutively distinguished from mesoderm-derived articular chondrocytes (ACs) by lack of expression of specific HOX genes, including HOXC4 and HOXD8. (nih.gov)
- These data suggest that collagenase(s) produced by chondrocytes is (are) involved in the cleavage and denaturation of type II collagen in articular cartilage, that this is increased in OA, and that MMP-13 may play a significant role in this process. (jci.org)
- The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety and feasibility of implanting an engineered cartilage graft obtained by culturing expanded autologous nasal chondrocytes within a collagen type I/III membrane into the cartilage defect on the femoral condyle and/or trochlea of the knee after a traumatic injury. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The unbalanced production of catabolic and anabolic mediators by chondrocytes, the only cell type present in cartilage, determines cartilage degradation, which is the central pathological feature of OA. (wellnessresources.com)
- The aim of this project is to find alternative ways of repairing articular cartilage defects in rabbits by implanting carbon fibre, collagen gel or hydrogel PC 97 plugs with associated chondrocytes. (bl.uk)
- Isolated chondrocytes, cultured in either a carbon fibre, collagen gel or hydrogel PC 97 plug, were transplanted into full-thickness defects of articular cartilage in the tibiae of mature rabbits. (bl.uk)
- The hydrogel PC 97 plugs plus associated chondrocytes at 3 weeks in vitro culture were surrounded by a cartilage-like matrix. (bl.uk)
- Altered Golgi apparatus in hydrostatically loaded articular cartilage chondrocytes. (diva-portal.org)
- Primary cultures of chondrocytes from bovine articular cartilage, grown on coverslips, were subjected to 5, 15, or 30 MPa hydrostatic pressure, applied continuously or cyclically at 0.125 or 0.05 Hz. (diva-portal.org)
- The latter is done using marrow stimulation techniques (such as microfracture), mosaicplasty (also known as osteochondral cylinder transplantation), and more recently with implantation of healthy cartilage cells (chondrocytes). (cochrane.org)
- Histological examination using toluidine blue showed that the chondrocytes bordering the cartilage defect produced by deep lacerations and drill holes responded by increased cellular activity, as shown by cell cloning and increased matrix staining. (ovid.com)
- A tissue engineering approach to regenerate cartilage is to integrate chondrocytes, the primary cell in cartilage, with biomaterials and biomolecules. (umd.edu)
- We aimed to investigate the effects of L-NG-monomethyl-arginine on the apoptosis of articular chondrocytes. (ijpsonline.com)
- The main pathological characteristics of degenerative OA include significant apoptosis of cartilage cells in joints and progressive degradation of the matrices outside articular chondrocytes[ 3 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
- Thereby motivated, we herein evaluated the influence of L-NMMA on the apoptosis of articular chondrocytes in OA rabbits. (ijpsonline.com)
- The authors therefore investigated whether nasal chondrocytes ( HOX -negative, neuroectoderm origin) were compatible with an articular cartilage environment, like the knee joint ( HOX -positive, mesoderm origin). (sciencemag.org)
- Objective This study investigated whether chondrocytes within the cartilage matrix have the capacity to communicate through intercellular connections mediated by voltage-gated gap junction (GJ) channels. (bmj.com)
- 5] Chondrocytes, the main type of cell in the joint cartilage, have mechanosensitive characteristics. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Cartilage-characteristic matrix reconstruction by sequential addition of soluble factors during expansion of human articular chondrocytes and their cultivation in collagen sponges. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Our goal was to test whether collagen sponges could be used as scaffolds for reconstruction of cartilage with human articular chondrocytes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Isolated human articular chondrocytes were amplified for two passages with or without a cocktail of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and insulin (FI). (sigmaaldrich.com)
- bFGF was shown to be extracellular, and by immunohistochemistry, was present in the pericellular matrix of articular chondrocytes attached to the heparan sulphate proteoglycan perlecan. (biochemsoctrans.org)
Tissue60
- Lavage focuses on removing degenerative articular cartilage flaps and fibrous tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- The implant is designed to support the formation of hyaline cartilage through a unique guided tissue mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
- It protects the repair site from infiltration of undesired fibrous tissue while providing the appropriate environment for hyaline cartilage matrix formation. (wikipedia.org)
- This non-ablative technology now allows us to selectively target and remove damaged tissue without causing necrosis in the contiguous cartilage tissue surrounding the lesion. (prweb.com)
- Articular cartilage is a connective tissue overlying the ends of bones that provides smooth joint surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
- We hypothesize that at the microscale, the articular cartilage tissue properties of the mouse (i.e., shear modulus and permeability) change with the growth and are dependent on location within the joint. (springer.com)
- A rich body of data has helped us to better understand the key tissue involved, and suggests a repair process might be feasible, if the basic collective information on the role of biomechanics in mediating or moderating articular cartilage integrity and function is forthcoming. (scirp.org)
- Methods and compositions are provided for the treatment of articular cartilage defects and disease involving the combination of tissue, such as osteochondral grafts, with active growth factor. (google.ca)
- The method results in the regeneration and/or functional repair of articular cartilage tissue. (google.ca)
- Articular cartilage is the smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints. (aaos.org)
- The main component of the joint surface is a special tissue called hyaline cartilage.When it is damaged, the joint surface may no longer be smooth. (aaos.org)
- In contrast to ACs, serially cloned NCs could be continuously reverted from differentiated to dedifferentiated states, conserving the ability to form cartilage tissue in vitro and in vivo. (nih.gov)
- Parameters to be evaluated are: filling of the defect, integration of the border zone to the adjacent cartilage, intactness of the subchondral lamina, intactness of the subchondral bone, and relative signal intensities of the repair tissue compared to the adjacent native cartilage. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Furthermore many techniques show unsatisfactory long term results due to inferior quality of repair tissue as compared to native cartilage or have yet to prove the cost versus benefit. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- These drawbacks could be overcome by using a tissue engineered nasal cartilage graft, thereby reducing donor site morbidity without introducing additional risk of complication or technically challenging techniques. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Biomimetic models of cartilage relevant to cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering research are reviewed along with microenvironmental approaches that preserve the chondrocyte phenotype using a combination of biomimetic 3-dimensional cell culture systems and growth factor supplementation. (igi-global.com)
- Future refinement of tissue-engineering approaches for cartilage repair will benefit significantly from advances in cell-based repair strategies. (igi-global.com)
- Articular cartilage (also known as hyaline cartilage) is a tough yet flexible and mechanically compliant connective tissue. (igi-global.com)
- a) This figure illustrates a sample of human cartilage from a tissue microarray developed by the cooperative human tissue network (CHTN) of the National Cancer Institute ( http://www.chtn.nci.nih.gov/ ). (igi-global.com)
- Cartilage is predominantly an avascular, aneural and alymphatic load-bearing connective tissue consisting of a single cell type known as the chondrocyte. (igi-global.com)
- Surgical and tissue engineering strategies for articular cartilage and meniscus repair. (harvard.edu)
- In past studies, cartilage permeability has been related directly to the orientation of the glycosaminoglycan chains attached to the proteoglycans which constitute the tissue matrix. (biomedsearch.com)
- after 6 and 12 months cartilage-like tissue was shown in all layers except the surface. (bl.uk)
- At 3, 6 and 12 months post-implantation, a variety of repair responses were observed, ranging from repair tissue resembling articular cartilage to fibrous-like graft tissue. (bl.uk)
- It is hypothesized that the re-introduction of GAGs into early stage osteoarthritic cartilage through the use of permanent linkage and integration into a self-assembling peptide hydrogel matrix which could penetrate the cartilage tissue would potentially restore the resistance to deformation observed in osteoarthritic cartilage. (bl.uk)
- The hydrogels were doped with fluorescently labelled material which integrated into the hydrogel matrix, then injected into the cartilage tissue in a monomeric state. (bl.uk)
- This ability was manipulated by varying the size of the components of the mimetics, and more effective lubricants resulted in better preservation of the cartilage tissue in injured joints evident by both the preservation of the cartilage's lubricating surface and histologic OARSI scoring. (cornell.edu)
- At The Stone Clinic in San Francisco, Dr. Kevin Stone has developed a technique called the articular cartilage paste graft, which uses your own bone, cartilage and stem cells to create repair tissue which can be pasted over that damaged surface. (stoneclinic.com)
- In recent models of this tissue, finite element methods have been used to predict tissue deformation as a function of time for adult articular cartilage bearing a characteristic depth-dependent structure and composition. (biomedsearch.com)
- This series of mini-reviews focuses on articular cartilage, a tissue that has attracted much basic and clinical research attention for years owing to its importance in body movement and quality of life as well as its vulnerability to malfunction and disease. (elsevier.com)
- Then, with a second surgery, the cells are placed into the joint defect in an effort to produce a tissue that substitutes the normal cartilage. (cochrane.org)
- This technique is called "microfracture" and helps the body to regenerate and repair tissue that is similar to articular cartilage and may be sufficient to repair a small defect. (uky.edu)
- 2008 . Injectable gellan gum hydrogels as supports for cartilage tissue engineering applications. (wiley.com)
- In all cases, tissue-specific type II ([alpha1 (II)]3) cartilage collagen was synthesized. (ovid.com)
- The drilled holes were completely filled by tissue with staining and morphological characteristics similar to those of hyaline cartilage. (ovid.com)
- 3D ultrasound scans of cartilage repair tissue were performed to quantify defect sites after cartilage repair volumetrically. (hu-berlin.de)
- Thus, tissue engineering approaches have received attention as a promising alternative to treat cartilage disease. (rice.edu)
- In particular, injectable and biodegradable materials hold promise for cartilage tissue engineering due to the ease of administration and their biomimetic properties. (rice.edu)
- The purpose of this study is to show if using an investigational tissue graft is better than the standard method of microfracture for the treatment of articular cartilage defects. (uvahealth.com)
- however, such therapeutics may rapidly diffuse out of cartilage unless there is additional specific binding to intra-tissue substrates that can maintain enhanced intra-tissue concentration for local delivery. (mit.edu)
- The main component of the joint surface may be a special tissue called cartilage .When it's damaged, the joint surface may not be smooth . (alliedacademies.org)
- However, limited work has been performed with articular cartilage, and no studies have examined the decellularization of tissue engineered constructs. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- The results of this study are exciting as they indicate the feasibility of creating engineered cartilage that may be non-immunogenic as a replacement tissue. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Although engineered articular cartilage tissue has recently been created with biochemical and biomechanical properties in the range of native tissue values, [ 3 ] there are currently two significant limitations to cartilage tissue engineering. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Additionally, the majority of cartilage tissue engineering approaches have employed bovine or other animal cells, and tissues grown from these cells are xenogenic. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Tissue engineering approaches have attempted to address some of the problems associated with articular cartilage defect repair, but grafts with sufficient functional properties have yet to reach clinical practice. (uwaterloo.ca)
- This mechanical stimulation must improve the functional properties (both biochemical and structural) of engineered articular cartilage tissue. (uwaterloo.ca)
- The general hypothesis of the present thesis proposes that the generation of functional articular cartilage substitute tissue in vitro benefits from load and fluid flow conditions similar to those occurring in vivo. (uwaterloo.ca)
- Evaluation of early compositional changes in healing articular cartilage is critical for understanding tissue repair and for therapeutic decision-making. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- In the current study, we determined the feasibility of IFOP assessment of cartilage repair tissue in a rabbit model, and assessed correlations with gold-standard histology. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- 15 , 16 This subjective score requires the observer to rate different aspects of the repair tissue based on, for example, integration, hypocellularity, adjacent tissue degererative changes, and proteoglycan (PG) staining, where tissues more closely resembling true hyaline cartilage receive a higher score. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Collagen forms an organized network in articular cartilage to give tensile stiffness to the tissue. (jyu.fi)
- A three-dimensional cellular network mediated through GJs might mediate metabolic and physiological homeostasis to maintain cartilage tissue. (bmj.com)
- Articular cartilage is a connective tissue consisting of a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) that dominates the bulk of its wet and dry weight. (ku.dk)
- Defects of the articular cartilage, the gliding tissue that covers the ends of articulating bones in all joints, do not heal. (biologists.org)
- It is still believed that longitudinal damage to the joint cartilage tissue in adults cannot heal and that such damage can even worsen over time. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Tissue engineering combined with gene therapy technology has the potential to manage the repair of defective articular cartilage. (medicalxpress.com)
- Dr. Qi said "CS/PVA gel can be applied to the repair of articular cartilage defects as an injectable material in tissue engineering, and the regenerated cartilage can secrete cartilage matrix and perform the functions of hyaline cartilage. (medicalxpress.com)
- Dr. Steven R. Goodman, Editor-in-Chief of Experimental Biology and Medicine said "The study by Qi and colleagues is very exciting as it combines tissue engineering and gene therapy approaches to successfully repair defective articular cartilage. (medicalxpress.com)
- We have shown that extracellular-signal-regulated kinase was activated on cutting and loading articular cartilage, and deduced that this was due to the release of bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) from the tissue. (biochemsoctrans.org)
Lesions16
- Damage to the knee can cause lesions to the articular lining cartilage or hyaline cartilage, which covers the bony surfaces of the knee, or sometimes to both the cartilage and the bone. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- An arthroscopy may show up subtle surface articular cartilage lesions not visualised by an MRI scan. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- A 2011 study reports histologically confirmed hyaline cartilage regrowth in a 5 patient case-series, 2 with grade IV bipolar or kissing lesions in the knee. (wikipedia.org)
- They explain that the significance of this cartilage regeneration protocol is that it is successful in patients with historically difficult-to-treat grade IV bipolar or bone-on-bone osteochondral lesions. (wikipedia.org)
- In the past, articular cartilage lesions have been treated by means of subchondral bone abrasions or drilling at the site of focal damage with procedures popularized by Pridie and Johnson. (medscape.com)
- An ongoing phase 1 clinical trial preliminarily indicated the safety and feasibility of autologous NC-based engineered tissues for the treatment of traumatic articular cartilage lesions. (nih.gov)
- As part of the Allograft OATS® procedure, Arthrex offers cartilage allografts for the replacement of lesions with new cartilage. (arthrex.com)
- Dr. C. Benjamin Ma, Chief of Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service at UCSF, discuses the management of articular cartilage lesions. (uctv.tv)
- The specific surgical target of the trial is the repair of one or two full-thickness cartilage defects from 2 cm2 to 8 cm2 (per lesion, not exceeding a total of 8 cm2 for all lesions) due to traumatic injury on the femoral condyle and/or trochlea of the knee. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- This article is based on "MR of articular cartilage lesions," presented at Sports Medicine 2010: Advances in MRI and Orthopaedic Management, Department of Continuing Education, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, May 9, 2010. (appliedradiology.com)
- 3,4 Fat suppression helps to highlight marrow edema and cystic changes underlying cartilage lesions and to eliminate chemical shift artifact seen at the marrow (fat)-cartilage (water) interfaces. (appliedradiology.com)
- MR arthrography (MRA) of the knee also helps to increase sensitivity for cartilage lesions and for detection of intra-articular bodies and their donor sites, but it is also not routinely performed. (appliedradiology.com)
- The uniformity of the collagen fiber orientation at the articular and the bony surfaces helps to elucidate the reason magic angle phenomenon affects cartilage (Figure 2), and the curvature of the collagen fibers also helps to explain the curved appearance of many cartilage lesions. (appliedradiology.com)
- Diagnostic accuracy of 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of articular cartilage lesions of the talus. (nih.gov)
- The purpose of our study was to determine diagnostic accuracy of 3T MRI in detecting Outerbridge grades 3 and 4 articular cartilage lesions of the talus in a clinical setting, utilizing a standardized clinical MRI protocol. (nih.gov)
- Before the implantation of the mesenchymal stem cells, a knee arthroscopy procedure is made for the debridement of the meniscal and cartilage lesions, with microperforation and abrasion, preparation of the osteochondral defect to receive the transplantation, patellar lateral release if necessary. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Collagen18
- Chondroinduction is the main cartilage repair response to microfracture and microfracture with BST-CarGel: results as shown by ICRS-II histological scoring and a novel zonal collagen type scoring method of human clinical biopsy specimens. (nature.com)
- Cartilage is composed of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix of collagen fibers and proteoglycans. (wikipedia.org)
- Bank RA, Bayliss MT, Lafeber FP, Maroudas A, Tekoppele JM (1998) Ageing and zonal variation in post-translational modification of collagen in normal human articular cartilage. (springer.com)
- Christensen SE, Coles JM, Zelenski NA, Furman BD, Leddy HA, Zauscher S, Bonaldo P, Guilak F (2012) Altered trabecular bone structure and delayed cartilage degeneration in the knees of collagen VI null mice. (springer.com)
- Enhanced cleavage of type II collagen by collagenases in osteoarthritic articular cartilage. (jci.org)
- We demonstrate the direct involvement of increased collagenase activity in the cleavage of type II collagen in osteoarthritic human femoral condylar cartilage by developing and using antibodies reactive to carboxy-terminal (COL2-3/4C(short)) and amino-terminal (COL2-1/4N1) neoepitopes generated by cleavage of native human type II collagen by collagenase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 (collagenase-1), MMP-8 (collagenase-2), and MMP-13 (collagenase-3). (jci.org)
- In particular, its elastic properties are influenced by the arrangement of the collagen fibres, which are orthogonal to the bone-cartilage interface in the deep zone, randomly oriented in the middle zone, and parallel to the surface in the superficial zone. (biomedsearch.com)
- Therefore, the aim of this study was to express the permeability of cartilage accounting for the microstructural anisotropy and inhomogeneity caused by the collagen fibres. (biomedsearch.com)
- The stiffness of the collagen gel plugs was lower than in native cartilage. (bl.uk)
- The collagen leaves extend perpendicularly from the bony surface and curve 90 degrees until they are approximately horizontal or parallel to the bone at the articular surface. (appliedradiology.com)
- In vitro collagen biosynthesis in healing and normal rabbit articular cartilage. (ovid.com)
- The morphology, thickness and expression of cartilage-associated molecules such as collagen type II/X, lubricin and Vit D receptor (VDR), were assessed. (mdpi.com)
- In both preclinical and clinical healing, these procedures unfortunately often result in formation of type I collagen containing fibrocartilage, which is mechanically inferior to the desired type II containing hyaline cartilage. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Half of the bovine articular cartilage samples (n ¼ 27) were treated with threose to increase the collagen cross-linking while the other half (n ¼ 27) served as a control group. (jyu.fi)
- Type II collagen and aggrecan are the main ECM proteins in cartilage. (ku.dk)
- Visually normal articular cartilage samples taken from the same joints are known to display varying quantities of their microconstituents, namely, collagen, proteoglycans and cells [ 7 ], where proteoglycans and cell are extractable from the matrix by enzymatic and biochemical manipulations. (omicsonline.org)
- We investigated the effects on the nature and abundance of cartilage matrix produced of sequential addition of chosen soluble factors during cell amplification on plastic and cultivation in collagen scaffolds. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- We found that addition of BIT could trigger chondrocyte redifferentiation and cartilage-characteristic matrix production in the collagen sponges. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Defect12
- If the patients' symptoms fail to respond to this then arthroscopic surgery can be utilised to stimulate neo-cartilaginous or fibro cartilaginous healing of the articular surface defect. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- Normally after the bone at the base of the articular cartilage defect has been stimulated in this way, patients are treated by a physiotherapy programme, normally non-weight bearing, for six weeks. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- Studies, however, have shown that marrow stimulation techniques often have insufficiently filled the chondral defect and the repair material is often fibrocartilage (which is not as good mechanically as hyaline cartilage). (wikipedia.org)
- During the standard microfracture procedure, the implant is applied to the cartilage defect as a liquid. (wikipedia.org)
- It is then exposed to UVA light for 90 seconds, turning it into a solid, soft implant that completely occupies the space of the cartilage defect. (wikipedia.org)
- A large cartilage defect in the knee joint surface (center). (aaos.org)
- If there is a small cartilage defect, the initial treatment can be the trimming of the defect edges and a clean up of debris that is floating inside the joint. (uky.edu)
- They get cultured and in a second surgery over 10 million of your own cartilage cells get implanted into the defect. (uky.edu)
- This donor cartilage will then be sized to fit your defect and can be implanted in a second surgery. (uky.edu)
- A plug of bone and cartilage is harvested from a non-weight bearing area in the joint and transferred to the area with the defect. (uky.edu)
- Based on extensive preclinical investigations, the technology of using freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells mixed with proteins seems safe and most effective for a one-step correction of cartilage defect and restoration of the osteochondral complex, because the same mixture can generate cartilage in the vasculature-free knee joint, and bone in the environment of bone defects. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Following a meticulous removal of the calcified cartilage layer, the exposed subchondral bone plate on the base of the defect is penetrated by the custom-made cutting tip of the instrument to a certain depth at a high speed of approximately 10,000 to 400,000 rpm ( Fincham and Jaeblon, 2011 ). (biologists.org)
Intra-articular5
- Oral and intravenous medications affect the whole body, but to promote joint regeneration in a particular joint, two potent options are intra-articular steroid injection and synovectomy. (springer.com)
- Future cartilage regeneration programs will likely consist of a comprehensive orchestration of patient-matched treatment elements aimed to enhance the cellular, intra-articular and extra-articular environment in order to optimize cartilage preservation and restoration. (healio.com)
- Other injectables such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and stem cells are being studied for intra-articular use. (healio.com)
- Intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stem cells leads to reduced inflammation and cartilage damage in murine antigen-induced arthritis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was induced by intra-articular injection of methylated bovine serum albumin into the knee joints of preimmunized C57Bl/6 mice. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Regeneration of articular cartilage2
- 14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the area in need of regeneration of articular cartilage is the trochlear groove. (google.ca)
- Regeneration of Articular Cartilage: Opportunities, Challenges, and Perspectives. (igi-global.com)
Chondrocyte7
- Muir, H. (1995) The Chondrocyte, Architect of Cartilage. (scirp.org)
- Perhaps more exciting though, HA injections may play a role in cartilage repair and preservation through decreasing surface fibrillation and even improving chondrocyte viability after traumatic surface damage. (healio.com)
- Although still in the lab, we are learning that chondrocyte death which occurs after cartilage impact can be diminished by the introduction of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. (healio.com)
- Chondrocyte transplantation (MACI), however, is durable treatment that can regenerate the damaged cartilage. (spirehealthcare.com)
- The goal of this focused review is to summarize the current knowledge on the role of leptin in OA with particular emphasis on the effects of this adipokine in cartilage and chondrocyte pathophysiology. (wellnessresources.com)
- In the technique of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), a small piece of cartilage is retrieved from the knee joint. (cochrane.org)
- An alternative is autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), the surgical implantation of healthy cartilage cells into the damaged areas. (cochrane.org)
Defects in the knee4
- Reproduced from Mithoefer K, Williams RJ III, Warren RF, et al: Chondral resurfacing of articular cartilage defects in the knee with the microfracture technique. (aaos.org)
- There is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions on the use of ACI for treating full thickness articular cartilage defects in the knee. (cochrane.org)
- The University of Virginia, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, is seeking adults with articular cartilage defects in the knee. (uvahealth.com)
- The standard of care for treating articular cartilage defects in the knee is microfracture. (uvahealth.com)
Thickness articular cartilage2
- The results support the use of fresh osteochondral shell allograft transplantation for the treatment of large, full thickness articular cartilage defects to the medial or lateral femoral condyles and to the patella. (nih.gov)
- To determine the efficacy and safety of ACI in people with full thickness articular cartilage defects of the knee. (cochrane.org)
Degenerative articular cartilage1
- Accurate assessment of the progression of cartilage healing is necessary to improve treatment for degenerative articular cartilage. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Joints12
- Articular cartilage injuries are common across all age groups and arise from acute trauma or chronic repetitive injury to weightbearing joints. (medscape.com)
- The model predicts that joints that experience higher contact pressures will have thicker cartilage layers. (nih.gov)
- Healthy cartilage is essential to the proper functioning of joints within the body. (wikipedia.org)
- Healthy cartilage in our joints makes it easier to move. (aaos.org)
- Articular cartilage is the weight-bearing surface in joints. (spirehealthcare.com)
- The science of cartilage repair for joints is in full swing. (stoneclinic.com)
- It actively contributes to the inflammatory status and to cartilage degradation in the OA joints. (wellnessresources.com)
- Articular cartilage (AC) has an essential function in the best performance of the human body's joints, but it has a limited capacity of regeneration and the initial cause that develops the pathological degenerative process is still unknown. (witpress.com)
- Because of this possibility, organizations such as the American College of Rheumatology acknowledge, "It is generally recommended, although not well supported by published data, that injection of corticosteroids in a given joint not be performed more than three to four times in a given year because of concern about the possible development of progressive cartilage damage through repeated injection in the weight-bearing joints. (getprolo.com)
- Some loading features including magnitudes, directions, and loading time create a specific daily loading history for the joints and cartilages in each individual. (thefreelibrary.com)
- The purpose of this study was to elucidate if mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) injected in the joints of mice with arthritis are therapeutic, reducing joint swelling and cartilage destruction. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Our results reveal that MSCs injected in the joints of mice with AIA are therapeutic, reducing inflammation, joint swelling and cartilage destruction. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Vitro4
- The value of autologous osteochondral paste for in-vitro treatment of damage to articular cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
- Six of the eight lubricin-mimetics effectively lubricated cartilage surfaces in vitro, with two mimetics lubricating more effectively than the lubricinmutant LUB:1. (cornell.edu)
- Thus, lubricants that lubricate cartilage more effectively when administered in vitro can be used as a screening process to determine the lubricant's effectiveness at protecting cartilage in vivo and preventing injury and disease progression. (cornell.edu)
- Furthermore, oxygen tension can alter matrix synthesis, and the material properties of articular cartilage in vitro . (ecmjournal.org)
Subchondral bone7
- The holes are made in the bone beneath the cartilage, called subchondral bone. (aaos.org)
- 2 FSE PD-weighted images provide excellent anatomic detail and evaluation of all structures, including cartilage, menisci, ligaments, and subchondral bone. (appliedradiology.com)
- A more restricted movement was observed at both the articular surface and near to the subchondral bone than at regions midway between these two locations. (biomedsearch.com)
- Subchondral bone stiffness is measured and suggests contributing in cartilage deterioration and changes of OA knee [ 11 ]. (medsci.org)
- The subchondral bone shows a significant leading role that causes secondary changes of the articular cartilage in knee OA [ 4 - 6 , 10 , 12 ]. (medsci.org)
- Muraoka and colleagues showed that subchondral bone formation is the key role before the onset of cartilage damage in Hartley guinea pigs and it is significant in the development of OA disease [ 10 ]. (medsci.org)
- Brama and colleagues reported that microarchitecture of subchondral bone supported the overlying articular cartilage and involved in osteochondral disease [ 13 ]. (medsci.org)
Femoral5
- We tested cartilage on the medial femoral condyle and lateral femoral condyle of seven C57Bl6 mice at different ages (2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 17 weeks old) using a micro-indentation test. (springer.com)
- Chan EF, Harjanto R, Asahara H, Inoue N, Masuda K, Bugbee WD, Firestein GS, Hosalkar HS, Lotz MK, Sah RL (2012) Structural and functional maturation of distal femoral cartilage and bone during postnatal development and growth in humans and mice. (springer.com)
- Therefore, since much of the cartilage surfaces of the knee are curved (eg, the femoral condyles), appearance of the articular cartilage varies. (appliedradiology.com)
- Randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing ACI with any other type of treatment (including no treatment or placebo ) for symptomatic cartilage defects of the medial or lateral femoral condyle, femoral trochlea or patella. (cochrane.org)
- To examine the repair collagens produced by cells in injured cartilage, the femoral articular surfaces of three groups of New Zealand white rabbits were injured by making both superficial and deep lacerations and drill holes. (ovid.com)
Mechanical14
- This short term solution is not considered an articular cartilage repair procedure but rather a palliative treatment to reduce pain, mechanical restriction and inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
- Variations in articular mechanical load are predicted to modulate cartilage thickness. (nih.gov)
- Understanding the changes in mechanical tissues properties during growth is a critical step in advancing strategies for orthopedics and for cell- and biomaterial- based therapies dedicated to cartilage repair. (springer.com)
- Armstrong CG, Mow VC (1982) Variations in the intrinsic mechanical properties of human articular cartilage with age, degeneration, and water content. (springer.com)
- Burgin LV, Edelsten L, Aspden RM (2014) The mechanical and material properties of elderly human articular cartilage subject to impact and slow loading. (springer.com)
- In the diagnostics and repair of hyaline articular cartilage, new methods to quantify structure and mechanical capacity are required to improve the treatment of cartilage defects for millions of patients worldwide. (hu-berlin.de)
- The mechanical component contains a simulation of a blunt impact applied onto a cartilage explant and the resulting strains that initiate the biochemical processes. (frontiersin.org)
- Mechanical loads are properly controlled in the body to maintain the functional properties of articular cartilage. (uwaterloo.ca)
- Oxygen tension significantly alters endogenous NO production in articular cartilage, as well as the stimulation of NO in response to both mechanical loading and pro-inflammatory cytokines. (ecmjournal.org)
- Although accounting for only a small fraction of the mature matrix, these minor collagens not only play essential structural roles in the mechanical properties, organization, and shape of articular cartilage, but also fulfil specific biological functions. (ku.dk)
- The main factor underlying the sustained function and structure of the joint cartilage is thought to be a reasonable mechanical load. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Although mechanical joint functions are thought to affect the cartilage histomorphology and composition, the type of signal pathway which the mechanical load mobilizes within the cellular and extracellular matrices is unknown. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Elastic deformation in the joint cartilage caused by mechanical load is a well-known condition. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Mechanical stimuli are important signals in articular cartilage, but what mediates them is unknown. (biochemsoctrans.org)
Osteochondral3
- The described technique of osteochondral shell allograft resurfacing of the knee capitalize on the different healing potentials of bone and cartilage by transplanting the viable articular cartilage organ in its entirety along with just enough of the underlying bone to allow for graft incorporation through creeping substitution. (nih.gov)
- The disposable donor and recipient cutting tube sets of the Osteochondral Autograft Transfer System (OATS) facilitate harvesting of various diameter osteochondral/hyaline cartilage cylinders from a donor site superior and lateral to the notch or above the sulcus terminalis. (arthrex.com)
- Surgical techniques for cartilage repair are critically reviewed and special emphasis is placed upon arthroscopic lavage and debridement, microfracture, bone marrow stimulation, and autologous osteochondral allografting. (igi-global.com)
Stiffness4
- Cartilage Damage Is Related to ACL Stiffness in a Porcine Model of ACL Repair. (harvard.edu)
- The stiffness of the carbon fibre implants at 6 and 12 months post-implantation showed values in the same range as normal rabbit articular cartilage of similar age (native cartilage). (bl.uk)
- The hydrogel PC 97 plugs had a higher stiffness than in native cartilage. (bl.uk)
- Therefore, currently physicians have to estimate the stiffness of cartilage by means of manual palpation. (hu-berlin.de)
Rabbit articular cartilage defects1
- In this study, through minimally invasive injection methods the authors were able to repair rabbit articular cartilage defects with CS/PVA gel and gene modified BMSCs. (medicalxpress.com)
Human Osteoarthritic Articular Cartilage1
- IUCr) Calcifications in human osteoarthritic articular cartilage: ex vivo assessment of calcium compounds using XANES spectroscopy. (iucr.org)
Clinical11
- A hydrogel implant to help the body regrow cartilage in the knee is currently being studied in U.S. and European clinical trials. (wikipedia.org)
- Attempts to restore weightbearing hyaline cartilage via clinical techniques of joint resurfacing have been described. (medscape.com)
- Knowing that fibrocartilage was not as durable as articular cartilage and that its formation yielded only short term clinical benefits, Stone proposed his paste grafting as a means of regenerating hyaline-like cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
- Our findings identify previously unrecognized regenerative properties of HOX-negative differentiated neuroectoderm cells in adults, implying a role for NCs in the unmet clinical challenge of articular cartilage repair. (nih.gov)
- 1.1 Current evidence on the safety and efficacy of mosaicplasty for knee cartilage defects is adequate to support the use of this procedure provided that standard arrangements are in place for clinical governance, consent and audit. (nice.org.uk)
- This study is a phase I, prospective, uncontrolled, investigator initiated clinical trial involving 25 patients, with the objective of demonstrating safety and feasibility in the use of engineered nasal cartilage grafts for repair of articular cartilage. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- These findings can lead to the development of a hysteretic model for cartilage, which may be used in a clinical setting to establish a novel method for determining the state of disease of cartilage. (rice.edu)
- Cartilage repair remains a yet unmet clinical need, with few viable cell therapy options available. (sciencemag.org)
- Subchondral drilling, a widely applied clinical technique to treat small cartilage defects, does not yield cartilage regeneration. (biologists.org)
- These results have important implications for future investigations aimed at an enhanced translation into clinical settings for the treatment of cartilage defects, highlighting the importance of considering specific aspects of modifiable variables such as improvements in the design and reporting of preclinical studies, together with the need to better understand the underlying mechanisms of cartilage repair following subchondral drilling. (biologists.org)
- Biochemical assay analyses have been commonly applied to determine the proteoglycan quantity of articular cartilage in laboratory and clinical research [ 1 , 2 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Evaluation of the articular cartilage2
- 1 Therefore, careful evaluation of the articular cartilage is an important part of the knee MRI examination. (appliedradiology.com)
- Statistically significant correlations to MOS were identified for both radiography and MRI but neither diagnostic modality provided sufficiently strong correlations to serve as a substitute for arthroscopic evaluation of the articular cartilage. (frontiersin.org)
Response of articular cartilage1
- This is partly because the response of articular cartilage to compressive stress is complex. (frontiersin.org)
Properties of articular cartilage1
- Due to their invasiveness as well as the complex properties of articular cartilage current treatments often fail to restore cartilage damage. (rice.edu)
Injury15
- If the injury is restricted to the cartilage, it will not show up in an X-ray, but can be found by means of arthroscopy (using a special instrument to look inside the joint). (netdoctor.co.uk)
- Injury to the cartilage will normally produce symptoms of pain, swelling, clicking, sometimes locking and sometimes sensations of instability. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- If a piece of cartilage or bone has become detached in the knee and the injury is not treated immediately, the loose part can 'swim around' in the joint. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- Articular cartilage can be damaged by injury or normal wear and tear. (aaos.org)
- Most candidates for articular cartilage restoration are young adults with a single injury, or lesion. (aaos.org)
- A distinctive cell was identified from sites of rheumatoid arthritis cartilage injury. (nih.gov)
- Orthopedic surgeons specializing in the lower extremity will find this book to be an excellent resource that they can consult to guide them in the treatment of patients with articular cartilage injury of the knee. (ovid.com)
- Articular cartilage injury and degeneration occurs frequently in athletes and results from the significant chronic joint stress and acute traumatic injuries associated with high-impact sports. (ovid.com)
- Treatment of articular cartilage injury in athletes can be complex and requires effective and durable joint surface restoration that can withstand even the significant joint stresses generated during sports activity. (ovid.com)
- Several established articular cartilage repair techniques have been shown to successfully return the athlete with articular cartilage injury to high-impact sports. (ovid.com)
- Subjective relief of pain for the patient will be assessed using the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) Cartilage Injury Evaluation Package which includes the pre- and postsurgical evaluation of general medical conditions, pain, activity level as well as functional and morphological status. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Injury to articular cartilage typically causes pain on activity, catching and swelling of the joint. (spirehealthcare.com)
- 9-11 Various other techniques have been developed to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio between cartilage and its surrounding structures, 12,13 and to evaluate the molecular changes in the cartilage to detect early cartilage injury 6, 14-21 but these techniques are not routinely utilized. (appliedradiology.com)
- Articular cartilage are often damaged by injury or normal wear and tear . (alliedacademies.org)
- When there is a direct trauma to the knee or when the knee turns or twists beyond the cartilage's ability to support it, the result is articular cartilage injury, also called chondral injury. (tria.com)
Microfracture8
- The goal of microfracture is to stimulate the growth of new articular cartilage by creating a new blood supply. (aaos.org)
- Drilling, like microfracture, stimulates the production of healthy cartilage. (aaos.org)
- Microfracture is a surgical technique used to repair damaged articular cartilage by making multiple small holes in the surface of the joint to stimulate a healing response. (stoneclinic.com)
- This study is to compare NOVOCART 3D relative to Microfracture for the treatment of knee cartilage defects. (centerwatch.com)
- Subjects with articular knee defects will be randomized to receive either Microfracture or NOVOCART 3D. (centerwatch.com)
- Microfracture is used to promote growth of new cartilage into the damaged area. (tria.com)
- Microfracture surgery is a bone marrow stimulation technique for treating cartilage defects and injuries in the knee. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
- Erica Su, Hui Sun , Tibor Juhasz, Brian J. Wong , "Preclinical investigations of articular cartilage ablation with femtosecond and pulsed infrared lasers as an alternative to microfracture surgery," Journal of Biomedical Optics 19(9), 098001 (8 September 2014). (spiedigitallibrary.org)
Normal articular cartilage1
- Such variability includes varying degrees and distribution of cartilage damage on the medial coronoid process (MCP) or humeral trochlea (HT) with some dogs having arthroscopically normal or near normal articular cartilage in the medial compartment while other dogs have complete loss of articular cartilage throughout the medial compartment ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Hyaline articular cartilage2
- The technique was devised in response to reports that many of the contemporary cartilage restoration procedures lead to the development of fibrocartilage, not true hyaline articular cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
- In summary, this work shows improved and new possibilities for structural and biomechanical characterization of hyaline articular cartilage and the outcomes of cartilage repair based on ultrasound data. (hu-berlin.de)
Healthy articular cartilage1
- Normal healthy articular cartilage in the knee (left). (aaos.org)
Traumatic3
- Though these solutions do not perfectly restore articular cartilage, some of the latest technologies start to bring very promising results in repairing cartilage from traumatic injuries or chondropathies. (wikipedia.org)
- Unfortunately, the pain and disability caused by degenerative joint disease (DJD) and traumatic cartilage defects can veer us all a little off track, but it does not have to be this way. (healio.com)
- Injuries to articular cartilage, whether traumatic or from degeneration, generally result in the formation of mechanically inferior fibrocartilage, due to the tissue's poor intrinsic healing response. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Porcine3
- Are you sure you want to remove Normal and osteochondrotic porcine articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex from your list? (openlibrary.org)
- Injected stem cells suspended in HA have shown promise by inducing healing of partial-thickness traumatized porcine cartilage. (healio.com)
- The best hydrogel candidates were then taken forward to be injected into a GAG depleted early stage osteoarthritic porcine cartilage model developed by Andres Barco (University of Leeds) where a severely GAG depleted state had been produced through a succession of surfactant and phosphate buffered saline washes. (bl.uk)
Degeneration3
- Mechanobiology in the development, maintenance, and degeneration of articular cartilage. (nih.gov)
- We have developed a method that can measure natural alterations in cartilage material properties in a murine joint, which will be useful in identifying changes in cartilage mechanics with degeneration, pathology, or treatment. (springer.com)
- Untreated articular cartilage defects frequently lead to chronic joint degeneration and disability. (ovid.com)
Restoration5
- Compared to the cost of other complex cartilage restoration procedures, the cost of paste grafting is minimal. (wikipedia.org)
- The goal of cartilage restoration procedures is to stimulate new hyaline cartilage growth. (aaos.org)
- The knee is the most common area for cartilage restoration. (aaos.org)
- 35-40mm2) and not surrounded with normal cartilage a cartilage restoration procedure may not be feasible. (uky.edu)
- The goal of cartilage restoration procedures is to stimulate new cartilage growth. (alliedacademies.org)
Mesenchymal3
- 4. The articular cartilage paste of claim 3 wherein the cells comprise a plurality of undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells. (google.ca)
- Pilot Study of A One-Step Procedure for the Use of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated by Proteins Scaffold to Heal Under Arthroscopy Full-Thickness Defects Articular Cartilage and Osteoarthrosis of the Knee. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Researchers at Micro Orthopaedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, led by Dr. Ai-xi Yu, have suggested that articular cartilage defects can be repaired by a novel thermo-sensitive injectable hydrogel engineered with gene modified bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs). (medicalxpress.com)
Surgical8
- Over the last decades, surgeons and researchers have made progress in elaborating surgical cartilage repair interventions. (wikipedia.org)
- Though the different articular cartilage procedures differ in the used technologies and surgical techniques, they all share the aim to repair articular cartilage whilst keeping options open for alternative treatments in the future. (wikipedia.org)
- Although cartilage injuries can affect any weightbearing joint, the knee is the joint most commonly affected and most likely to require the surgical interventions discussed in this article. (medscape.com)
- Because cartilage does not heal itself well, doctors have developed surgical techniques to stimulate the growth of new cartilage. (aaos.org)
- Surgical techniques to repair damaged cartilage are still evolving. (aaos.org)
- Through the past several years, orthopedic investigators have developed myriad surgical techniques which have been shown to improve our patients underlying cartilage problems and lifestyles. (healio.com)
- However, 3-dimensional SPGR is not typically included in imaging protocols because of decreased contrast between the cartilage and the adjacent joint fluid, long imaging times, increased metallic artifact (in the case of a post-surgical knee), and uneven fat suppression, even though it is considered standard for morphologic imaging of cartilage. (appliedradiology.com)
- This is clinically relevant because approximately 50% of dogs with medial coronoid disease have some pathology of cartilage on the HT and there are a growing number of surgical options available for treating dogs when pathology is not limited solely to the MCP ( 3 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Knee cartilage defects1
- 1.2 The procedure should only be done by surgeons experienced in cartilage surgery and with specific training in mosaicplasty for knee cartilage defects. (nice.org.uk)
Arthritis3
- It is damage to the articular cartilage which is called ' arthritis ' and in the knee all efforts are geared towards preventing any damage or breakdown of this all-essential joint surface, as it has a poor blood supply and does not heal well if damaged. (kneeguru.co.uk)
- Damaged cartilage can also lead to arthritis in the joint. (aaos.org)
- Damaged cartilage also can cause arthritis within the joint. (alliedacademies.org)
Surfaces3
- Articular cartilage maturation is the postnatal development process that adapts joint surfaces to their site-specific biomechanical demands. (springer.com)
- They bound to cartilage surfaces with binding time constants ranging from 20 to 41 min, and polymer binding was proportional to their lubricating ability. (cornell.edu)
- A layer of cartilage covering the knee joint surfaces acts to protect the joint and reduce friction. (cochrane.org)
Autologous1
- 4 ] These issues make the use of autologous cells for cartilage repair difficult. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Pathology3
- To determine whether assessment of morphological MRI sequences or delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) would have strong correlations with arthroscopic assessment of cartilage pathology in dogs with naturally occurring medial compartment pathology of the elbow. (frontiersin.org)
- Cartilage pathology was graded arthroscopically using a modified Outerbridge score (MOS) by a surgeon blinded to MRI assessment. (frontiersin.org)
- Of these, only arthroscopy provides an ability to assess the articular cartilage and is generally considered the gold standard for assessment of pathology in the canine elbow in dogs with MCP disease ( 2 , 9 , 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
Osteoarthritic cartilage4
- A synthetic preferential inhibitor of MMP-13 significantly reduced the unstimulated release in culture of neoepitope COL2-3/4C(short) from human osteoarthritic cartilage explants. (jci.org)
- It has been reported that there is a correlation between the loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from within osteoarthritic cartilage and the changes in biomechanics of the cartilage. (bl.uk)
- There are also some evidences for thickening and volumetric increase on the osteoarthritic cartilage depending on the water retention and increasing glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents. (thefreelibrary.com)
- However, this is still controversial and the osteoarthritic cartilage response to exercise is not clear. (thefreelibrary.com)
Joint25
- Broadly taken, there are five major types of articular cartilage repair: Arthroscopic lavage is a "cleaning up" procedure of the knee joint. (wikipedia.org)
- Articular cartilage is the white gristle covering the ends of joint bones ('articulating' bones). (kneeguru.co.uk)
- It is also called joint cartilage or hyaline cartilage . (kneeguru.co.uk)
- A short but sound overview of the issue of damage to the joint cartilage , and what can be done about it. (kneeguru.co.uk)
- The loss of the articular cartilage in RA is evident on X-ray as joint-space narrowing, but in most cases, erosion and joint-space narrowing progress coordinately. (springer.com)
- It is hoped that as more is learned about cartilage and the healing response, surgeons will be better able to restore an injured joint. (aaos.org)
- In many cases, patients who have joint injuries, such as meniscal or ligament tears, will also have cartilage damage. (aaos.org)
- Sometimes it is necessary to address other problems in the joint, such as meniscal or ligament tears, when cartilage surgery is done. (aaos.org)
- New blood supply can reach the joint surface, bringing with it new cells that will form the new cartilage. (aaos.org)
- If you have damaged your articular cartilage, the bearing surface inside the joint, you may be experiencing pain and swelling. (stoneclinic.com)
- The contrast between the high T2 signal intensity joint fluid and the intermediate T2 signal intensity cartilage helps to assess for surface irregularities and defects of the cartilage. (appliedradiology.com)
- Cartilage is approximately 75% to 80% water by weight and therefore appears slightly less hyperintense to joint fluid on T2-weighted images. (appliedradiology.com)
- Articular cartilage proteoglycan content is controlled by joint loading. (diva-portal.org)
- Damage to the cartilage (articular surface) can decrease mobility of the joint and cause pain on movement. (cochrane.org)
- Treatments for damaged cartilage include relieving symptoms, surgically cleaning up the joint, or surgically re-establishing the cartilage layer. (cochrane.org)
- During an arthroscopy, the surgeon introduces a small camera into the knee or shoulder joint to evaluate the cartilage damage. (uky.edu)
- These results suggest that Vit D supplementation with diet, already after 10 weeks, has a favorable impact on the articular cartilage thickness development, joint lubrication and ECM fibers deposition in a young healthy rat model. (mdpi.com)
- The human knee joint is composed mainly of the femur, tibia, patella, menisci and articular cartilage. (witpress.com)
- Articular cartilage in the knee acts as a protective cushion for the bones on either side and reduces friction in the joint. (tria.com)
- These findings suggest that the relatively low levels of oxygen within the joint may have significant influences on the metabolic activity, and inflammatory response of cartilage as compared to ambient levels. (ecmjournal.org)
- Joint cartilage has limited healing and renewal capabilities. (thefreelibrary.com)
- In addition, the fluid at the joint cartilage (on the surface or in the extracellular matrix) is displaced while walking or during exercise. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Although the relationship between exercise and extracellular matrix still remains to be elucidated, the results of many studies performed on animals and data obtained from adolescents show that exercise increases the volume of joint cartilage. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Several studies in the literature reported positive impacts of exercise on knee joint cartilage. (thefreelibrary.com)
- In addition to imaging, this study aimed to obtain objective data by measuring the thickness and the volume of the knee joint cartilage at various areas of the joint. (thefreelibrary.com)
Arthroscopy1
- During the arthroscopy some of your own cartilage cells are harvested and sent to a laboratory. (uky.edu)
Changes in cartilage1
- 11 - 13 This is becuase of the fact that to date, assessment by histological staining is not only the best but the only truly accurate method to identify structural and compositional changes in cartilage. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Degradation of cartilage1
- Recently, image analysis-based protocols have been suggested and are gaining increased usage in biomechanical experiments [ 3 - 7 ] since they only require a very small biopsy rather than destruction of the entire sample, enabling their capacity to support experiments where progressive degradation of cartilage specimens is required. (omicsonline.org)
Regenerate1
- Here, Pelttari and colleagues looked up the nose for cells that may have the capacity to regenerate cartilage. (sciencemag.org)
Proteoglycan content2
- Afara I, Singh S, Moody H, Oloyede A (2013) A Comparison of the Histochemical and Image-Derived Proteoglycan Content of Articular Cartilage. (omicsonline.org)
- There are several methods for determining the proteoglycan content of cartilage in biomechanics experiments. (omicsonline.org)
Restore4
- The aim of an articular cartilage repair treatment is to restore the surface of an articular joint's hyaline cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
- Many procedures to restore articular cartilage are done arthroscopically. (aaos.org)
- All of these factors may need to be addressed in order to restore your cartilage successfully. (uky.edu)
- Absorbed fluid helps to restore the cartilage. (thefreelibrary.com)