AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
CartilageCartilage, ArticularCartilage DiseasesChondrocytesNasal CartilagesOsteoarthritisEar CartilageLaryngeal CartilagesHyaline CartilageKnee JointProteoglycansCartilage Oligomeric Matrix ProteinOsteoarthritis, KneeAggrecansCollagen Type IIGlycosaminoglycansMatrilin ProteinsChondrogenesisExtracellular Matrix ProteinsGrowth PlateFractures, CartilageCollagenStiflePatellaTibiaFemurMenisci, TibialNasal SeptumEpiphysesArytenoid CartilageCricoid CartilageCattleThyroid CartilageOsteochondritisMatrix Metalloproteinase 13Weight-BearingJointsTissue EngineeringCompressive StrengthBone and BonesHyaluronic AcidFemur HeadSynovial MembraneExtracellular MatrixMagnetic Resonance ImagingSynovial FluidStress, MechanicalChondroitin SulfatesBiomechanical PhenomenaKnee InjuriesMandibular CondyleArthritis, ExperimentalLubricationSOX9 Transcription FactorProcollagen N-EndopeptidaseUronic AcidsAnterior Cruciate LigamentArthroplasty, SubchondralMatrix Metalloproteinase 3Cells, CulturedMicroscopy, PolarizationTissue Culture TechniquesInjections, Intra-ArticularCollagen Type IXRibsChondroitinCollagenasesLectins, C-TypeBone DevelopmentFrictionRabbitsCollagen Type XHumerusArthroscopyOsteochondrodysplasiasRhinoplastyChick EmbryoOsteogenesisTissue ScaffoldsCalcification, PhysiologicCollagen Type XIJoint DiseasesIoxaglic AcidPeriosteumHindlimbArthritisElastic CartilageChondroitin Sulfate ProteoglycansChondrosarcomaMatrix MetalloproteinasesInterleukin-1GlycoproteinsCarpus, AnimalImmunohistochemistryTemporomandibular JointCulture TechniquesAlcian BlueSulfatesSynovitisBone Morphogenetic ProteinsCell DifferentiationRegenerationHyalinArthritis, RheumatoidTensile StrengthADAM ProteinsDisease Models, AnimalRNA, MessengerTalusOsteophyteFibrocartilageSkullOrgan Culture TechniquesFibrillar CollagensOsteochondritis DissecansWound HealingOsteoarthritis, HipSwineCadaverIn Situ HybridizationBone Morphogenetic Protein 2SharksMesenchymal Stromal CellsHorsesOsteochondrosisAnkle JointMetacarpophalangeal JointAgingChondroitinases and Chondroitin LyasesHydrogelsChondromaElastic ModulusTime FactorsHip JointTissue TransplantationBone MatrixChondrocalcinosisGrowth Differentiation Factor 5AchondroplasiaBiological MarkersHydrogelExtremitiesInterleukin-1betaReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionMatrix Metalloproteinase 1Gene ExpressionHydroxyprolineInterleukin-1alphaBone Morphogenetic Protein 7Microscopy, Electron, ScanningMicroscopy, ElectronGlucosamineModels, AnimalPolychondritis, RelapsingElasticityOncostatin MArthrographyCollagen Type IReproducibility of ResultsMetalloproteasesBranchial RegionGuided Tissue RegenerationEar, ExternalMetalloendopeptidasesSOXD Transcription FactorsHexosaminesMandibleTransforming Growth Factor betaTarsal JointsDisease ProgressionAminopropionitrileHistocytochemistryPatellofemoral JointImaging, Three-DimensionalSternumHypertrophyHyaluronoglucosaminidaseModels, BiologicalSulfur RadioisotopesPapainTransforming Growth Factor beta3Collagen Type VIChondroitin LyasesEndopeptidasesAlkaline PhosphataseKneeCell Culture TechniquesBone RemodelingOssification, HeterotopicTarsus, AnimalFinite Element AnalysisDogsSepharoseBony CallusHemarthrosisSkeletonBone Marrow DiseasesMetatarsal BonesGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalBone Diseases, DevelopmentalTympanoplasty
Cartilage: A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.Cartilage, Articular: A protective layer of firm, flexible cartilage over the articulating ends of bones. It provides a smooth surface for joint movement, protecting the ends of long bones from wear at points of contact.Cartilage Diseases: Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).Chondrocytes: Polymorphic cells that form cartilage.Nasal Cartilages: Hyaline cartilages in the nose. There are five major nasal cartilages including two lateral, two alar, and one septal.Osteoarthritis: A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.Ear Cartilage: Cartilage of the EAR AURICLE and the EXTERNAL EAR CANAL.Laryngeal Cartilages: The nine cartilages of the larynx, including the cricoid, thyroid and epiglottic, and two each of arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform.Hyaline Cartilage: A type of CARTILAGE characterized by a homogenous amorphous matrix containing predominately TYPE II COLLAGEN and ground substance. Hyaline cartilage is found in ARTICULAR CARTILAGE; COSTAL CARTILAGE; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; and the NASAL SEPTUM.Knee Joint: A synovial hinge connection formed between the bones of the FEMUR; TIBIA; and PATELLA.Proteoglycans: Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content.Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein: Major component of chondrocyte EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of various tissues including bone, tendon, ligament, SYNOVIUM and blood vessels. It binds MATRILIN PROTEINS and is associated with development of cartilage and bone.Osteoarthritis, Knee: Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)Aggrecans: Large HYALURONAN-containing proteoglycans found in articular cartilage (CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR). They form into aggregates that provide tissues with the capacity to resist high compressive and tensile forces.Collagen Type II: A fibrillar collagen found predominantly in CARTILAGE and vitreous humor. It consists of three identical alpha1(II) chains.Glycosaminoglycans: Heteropolysaccharides which contain an N-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine.Matrilin Proteins: PROTEOGLYCANS-associated proteins that are major components of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of various tissues including CARTILAGE; and INTERVERTEBRAL DISC structures. They bind COLLAGEN fibers and contain protein domains that enable oligomer formation and interaction with other extracellular matrix proteins such as CARTILAGE OLIGOMERIC MATRIX PROTEIN.Chondrogenesis: The formation of cartilage. This process is directed by CHONDROCYTES which continually divide and lay down matrix during development. It is sometimes a precursor to OSTEOGENESIS.Extracellular Matrix Proteins: Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ).Growth Plate: The area between the EPIPHYSIS and the DIAPHYSIS within which bone growth occurs.Fractures, Cartilage: Breaks in CARTILAGE.Collagen: A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).Stifle: In horses, cattle, and other quadrupeds, the joint between the femur and the tibia, corresponding to the human knee.Patella: The flat, triangular bone situated at the anterior part of the KNEE.Tibia: The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.Femur: The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee.Menisci, Tibial: The interarticular fibrocartilages of the superior surface of the tibia.Nasal Septum: The partition separating the two NASAL CAVITIES in the midplane. It is formed by the SEPTAL NASAL CARTILAGE, parts of skull bones (ETHMOID BONE; VOMER), and membranous parts.Epiphyses: The head of a long bone that is separated from the shaft by the epiphyseal plate until bone growth stops. At that time, the plate disappears and the head and shaft are united.Arytenoid Cartilage: One of a pair of small pyramidal cartilages that articulate with the lamina of the CRICOID CARTILAGE. The corresponding VOCAL LIGAMENT and several muscles are attached to it.Cricoid Cartilage: The small thick cartilage that forms the lower and posterior parts of the laryngeal wall.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Thyroid Cartilage: The largest cartilage of the larynx consisting of two laminae fusing anteriorly at an acute angle in the midline of the neck. The point of fusion forms a subcutaneous projection known as the Adam's apple.Osteochondritis: Inflammation of a bone and its overlaying CARTILAGE.Matrix Metalloproteinase 13: A secreted matrix metalloproteinase that plays a physiological role in the degradation of extracellular matrix found in skeletal tissues. It is synthesized as an inactive precursor that is activated by the proteolytic cleavage of its N-terminal propeptide.Weight-Bearing: The physical state of supporting an applied load. This often refers to the weight-bearing bones or joints that support the body's weight, especially those in the spine, hip, knee, and foot.Joints: Also known as articulations, these are points of connection between the ends of certain separate bones, or where the borders of other bones are juxtaposed.Tissue Engineering: Generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs. The use of TISSUE SCAFFOLDING enables the generation of complex multi-layered tissues and tissue structures.Compressive Strength: The maximum compression a material can withstand without failure. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p427)Bone and Bones: A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.Hyaluronic Acid: A natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating beta (1-3) glucuronide and beta (1-4) glucosaminidic bonds. It is found in the UMBILICAL CORD, in VITREOUS BODY and in SYNOVIAL FLUID. A high urinary level is found in PROGERIA.Femur Head: The hemispheric articular surface at the upper extremity of the thigh bone. (Stedman, 26th ed)Synovial Membrane: The inner membrane of a joint capsule surrounding a freely movable joint. It is loosely attached to the external fibrous capsule and secretes SYNOVIAL FLUID.Extracellular Matrix: A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Synovial Fluid: The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE. It contains mucin, albumin, fat, and mineral salts and serves to lubricate joints.Stress, Mechanical: A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.Biomechanical Phenomena: The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.Knee Injuries: Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.Mandibular Condyle: The posterior process on the ramus of the mandible composed of two parts: a superior part, the articular portion, and an inferior part, the condylar neck.Arthritis, Experimental: ARTHRITIS that is induced in experimental animals. Immunological methods and infectious agents can be used to develop experimental arthritis models. These methods include injections of stimulators of the immune response, such as an adjuvant (ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC) or COLLAGEN.Lubrication: The application of LUBRICANTS to diminish FRICTION between two surfaces.SOX9 Transcription Factor: A SOXE transcription factor that plays a critical role in regulating CHONDROGENESIS; OSTEOGENESIS; and male sex determination. Loss of function of the SOX9 transcription factor due to genetic mutations is a cause of CAMPOMELIC DYSPLASIA.Procollagen N-Endopeptidase: An extracellular endopeptidase which excises a block of peptides at the amino terminal, nonhelical region of the procollagen molecule with the formation of collagen. Absence or deficiency of the enzyme causes accumulation of procollagen which results in the inherited connective tissue disorder--dermatosparaxis. EC 3.4.24.14.Uronic Acids: Acids derived from monosaccharides by the oxidation of the terminal (-CH2OH) group farthest removed from the carbonyl group to a (-COOH) group. (From Stedmans, 26th ed)Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A strong ligament of the knee that originates from the posteromedial portion of the lateral condyle of the femur, passes anteriorly and inferiorly between the condyles, and attaches to the depression in front of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia.Arthroplasty, Subchondral: Surgical techniques used to correct or augment healing of chondral defects in the joints (CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR). These include abrasion, drilling, and microfracture of the subchondral bone to enhance chondral resurfacing via autografts, allografts, or cell transplantation.Matrix Metalloproteinase 3: An extracellular endopeptidase of vertebrate tissues similar to MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 1. It digests PROTEOGLYCAN; FIBRONECTIN; COLLAGEN types III, IV, V, and IX, and activates procollagenase. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Microscopy, Polarization: Microscopy using polarized light in which phenomena due to the preferential orientation of optical properties with respect to the vibration plane of the polarized light are made visible and correlated parameters are made measurable.Tissue Culture Techniques: A technique for maintaining or growing TISSUE in vitro, usually by DIFFUSION, perifusion, or PERFUSION. The tissue is cultured directly after removal from the host without being dispersed for cell culture.Injections, Intra-Articular: Methods of delivering drugs into a joint space.Collagen Type IX: A fibril-associated collagen usually found crosslinked to the surface of COLLAGEN TYPE II fibrils. It is a heterotrimer containing alpha1(IX), alpha2(IX) and alpha3(IX) subunits.Ribs: A set of twelve curved bones which connect to the vertebral column posteriorly, and terminate anteriorly as costal cartilage. Together, they form a protective cage around the internal thoracic organs.Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Collagenases: Enzymes that catalyze the degradation of collagen by acting on the peptide bonds.Lectins, C-Type: A class of animal lectins that bind to carbohydrate in a calcium-dependent manner. They share a common carbohydrate-binding domain that is structurally distinct from other classes of lectins.Bone Development: The growth and development of bones from fetus to adult. It includes two principal mechanisms of bone growth: growth in length of long bones at the epiphyseal cartilages and growth in thickness by depositing new bone (OSTEOGENESIS) with the actions of OSTEOBLASTS and OSTEOCLASTS.Friction: Surface resistance to the relative motion of one body against the rubbing, sliding, rolling, or flowing of another with which it is in contact.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Collagen Type X: A non-fibrillar collagen found primarily in terminally differentiated hypertrophic CHONDROCYTES. It is a homotrimer of three identical alpha1(X) subunits.Humerus: Bone in humans and primates extending from the SHOULDER JOINT to the ELBOW JOINT.Arthroscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy and surgery of the joint.Osteochondrodysplasias: Abnormal development of cartilage and bone.Rhinoplasty: A plastic surgical operation on the nose, either reconstructive, restorative, or cosmetic. (Dorland, 28th ed)Chick Embryo: The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.Osteogenesis: The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.Tissue Scaffolds: Cell growth support structures composed of BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. They are specially designed solid support matrices for cell attachment in TISSUE ENGINEERING and GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION uses.Calcification, Physiologic: Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.Collagen Type XI: A fibrillar collagen found primarily in interstitial CARTILAGE. Collagen type XI is heterotrimer containing alpha1(XI), alpha2(XI) and alpha3(XI) subunits.Joint DiseasesIoxaglic Acid: A low-osmolar, ionic contrast medium used in various radiographic procedures.Periosteum: Thin outer membrane that surrounds a bone. It contains CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CAPILLARIES, nerves, and a number of cell types.Hindlimb: Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)ArthritisElastic Cartilage: A type of CARTILAGE whose matrix contains ELASTIC FIBERS and elastic lamellae, in addition to the normal components of HYALINE CARTILAGE matrix. Elastic cartilage is found in the EXTERNAL EAR; EUSTACHIAN TUBE; EPIGLOTTIS; and LARYNX.Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans: Proteoglycans consisting of proteins linked to one or more CHONDROITIN SULFATE-containing oligosaccharide chains.Chondrosarcoma: A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)Matrix Metalloproteinases: A family of zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidases that is involved in the degradation of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX components.Interleukin-1: A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.Glycoproteins: Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.Carpus, Animal: The region corresponding to the human WRIST in non-human ANIMALS.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Temporomandibular Joint: An articulation between the condyle of the mandible and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone.Culture Techniques: Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These include the cultures of CELLS; TISSUES; organs; or embryo in vitro. Both animal and plant tissues may be cultured by a variety of methods. Cultures may derive from normal or abnormal tissues, and consist of a single cell type or mixed cell types.Alcian Blue: A copper-containing dye used as a gelling agent for lubricants, for staining of bacteria and for the dyeing of histiocytes and fibroblasts in vivo.Sulfates: Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.Synovitis: Inflammation of a synovial membrane. It is usually painful, particularly on motion, and is characterized by a fluctuating swelling due to effusion within a synovial sac. (Dorland, 27th ed)Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of proteins. They are synthesized as large precursor molecules which are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The active form can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins.Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.Regeneration: The physiological renewal, repair, or replacement of tissue.Hyalin: A clear, homogenous, structureless, eosinophilic substance occurring in pathological degeneration of tissues.Arthritis, Rheumatoid: A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.Tensile Strength: The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p2001)ADAM Proteins: A family of membrane-anchored glycoproteins that contain a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain. They are responsible for the proteolytic cleavage of many transmembrane proteins and the release of their extracellular domain.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Talus: The second largest of the TARSAL BONES. It articulates with the TIBIA and FIBULA to form the ANKLE JOINT.Osteophyte: Bony outgrowth usually found around joints and often seen in conditions such as ARTHRITIS.Fibrocartilage: A type of CARTILAGE whose matrix contains large bundles of COLLAGEN TYPE I. Fibrocartilage is typically found in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISK; PUBIC SYMPHYSIS; TIBIAL MENISCI; and articular disks in synovial JOINTS. (From Ross et. al., Histology, 3rd ed., p132,136)Skull: The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.Organ Culture Techniques: A technique for maintenance or growth of animal organs in vitro. It refers to three-dimensional cultures of undisaggregated tissue retaining some or all of the histological features of the tissue in vivo. (Freshney, Culture of Animal Cells, 3d ed, p1)Fibrillar Collagens: A family of structurally related collagens that form the characteristic collagen fibril bundles seen in CONNECTIVE TISSUE.Osteochondritis Dissecans: A type of osteochondritis in which articular cartilage and associated bone becomes partially or totally detached to form joint loose bodies. Affects mainly the knee, ankle, and elbow joints.Wound Healing: Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.Osteoarthritis, Hip: Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Cadaver: A dead body, usually a human body.In Situ Hybridization: A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2: A potent osteoinductive protein that plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into OSTEOBLASTS.Sharks: A group of elongate elasmobranchs. Sharks are mostly marine fish, with certain species large and voracious.Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Bone-marrow-derived, non-hematopoietic cells that support HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELLS. They have also been isolated from other organs and tissues such as UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD, umbilical vein subendothelium, and WHARTON JELLY. These cells are considered to be a source of multipotent stem cells because they include subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cells.Horses: Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.Osteochondrosis: Any of a group of bone disorders involving one or more ossification centers (EPIPHYSES). It is characterized by degeneration or NECROSIS followed by revascularization and reossification. Osteochondrosis often occurs in children causing varying degrees of discomfort or pain. There are many eponymic types for specific affected areas, such as tarsal navicular (Kohler disease) and tibial tuberosity (Osgood-Schlatter disease).Ankle Joint: The joint that is formed by the inferior articular and malleolar articular surfaces of the TIBIA; the malleolar articular surface of the FIBULA; and the medial malleolar, lateral malleolar, and superior surfaces of the TALUS.Metacarpophalangeal Joint: The articulation between a metacarpal bone and a phalanx.Aging: The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.Chondroitinases and Chondroitin Lyases: Enzymes which catalyze the elimination of glucuronate residues from chondroitin A,B, and C or which catalyze the hydrolysis of sulfate groups of the 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate. EC 4.2.2.-.Hydrogels: Water swollen, rigid, 3-dimensional network of cross-linked, hydrophilic macromolecules, 20-95% water. They are used in paints, printing inks, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Chondroma: A benign neoplasm derived from mesodermal cells that form cartilage. It may remain within the substance of a cartilage or bone (true chondroma or enchondroma) or may develop on the surface of a cartilage (ecchondroma or ecchondrosis). (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)Elastic Modulus: Numerical expression indicating the measure of stiffness in a material. It is defined by the ratio of stress in a unit area of substance to the resulting deformation (strain). This allows the behavior of a material under load (such as bone) to be calculated.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Hip Joint: The joint that is formed by the articulation of the head of FEMUR and the ACETABULUM of the PELVIS.Tissue Transplantation: Transference of tissue within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.Bone Matrix: Extracellular substance of bone tissue consisting of COLLAGEN fibers, ground substance, and inorganic crystalline minerals and salts.Chondrocalcinosis: Presence of calcium salts, especially calcium pyrophosphate, in the cartilaginous structures of one or more joints. When accompanied by attacks of goutlike symptoms, it is called pseudogout. (Dorland, 27th ed)Growth Differentiation Factor 5: A growth differentiation factor that plays a role in early CHONDROGENESIS and joint formation.Achondroplasia: An autosomal dominant disorder that is the most frequent form of short-limb dwarfism. Affected individuals exhibit short stature caused by rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, characteristic facies with frontal bossing and mid-face hypoplasia, exaggerated lumbar lordosis, limitation of elbow extension, GENU VARUM, and trident hand. (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim, MIM#100800, April 20, 2001)Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Hydrogel: A network of cross-linked hydrophilic macromolecules used in biomedical applications.Extremities: The farthest or outermost projections of the body, such as the HAND and FOOT.Interleukin-1beta: An interleukin-1 subtype that is synthesized as an inactive membrane-bound pro-protein. Proteolytic processing of the precursor form by CASPASE 1 results in release of the active form of interleukin-1beta from the membrane.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Matrix Metalloproteinase 1: A member of the metalloproteinase family of enzymes that is principally responsible for cleaving FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. It can degrade interstitial collagens, types I, II and III.Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.Interleukin-1alpha: An interleukin-1 subtype that occurs as a membrane-bound pro-protein form that is cleaved by proteases to form a secreted mature form. Unlike INTERLEUKIN-1BETA both membrane-bound and secreted forms of interleukin-1alpha are biologically active.Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7: A bone morphogenetic protein that is widely expressed during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. It is both a potent osteogenic factor and a specific regulator of nephrogenesis.Microscopy, Electron, Scanning: Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.Microscopy, Electron: Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.GlucosamineModels, Animal: Non-human animals, selected because of specific characteristics, for use in experimental research, teaching, or testing.Polychondritis, Relapsing: An acquired disease of unknown etiology, chronic course, and tendency to recur. It is characterized by inflammation and degeneration of cartilage and can result in deformities such as floppy ear and saddle nose. Loss of cartilage in the respiratory tract can lead to respiratory obstruction.Elasticity: Resistance and recovery from distortion of shape.Oncostatin M: A cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions that depend upon the cellular microenvironment. Oncostatin M is a 28 kDa monomeric glycoprotein that is similar in structure to LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR. Its name derives from the the observation that it inhibited the growth of tumor cells and augmented the growth of normal fibroblasts.Arthrography: Roentgenography of a joint, usually after injection of either positive or negative contrast medium.Collagen Type I: The most common form of fibrillar collagen. It is a major constituent of bone (BONE AND BONES) and SKIN and consists of a heterotrimer of two alpha1(I) and one alpha2(I) chains.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Metalloproteases: Proteases which use a metal, normally ZINC, in the catalytic mechanism. This group of enzymes is inactivated by metal CHELATORS.Branchial Region: A region, of SOMITE development period, that contains a number of paired arches, each with a mesodermal core lined by ectoderm and endoderm on the two sides. In lower aquatic vertebrates, branchial arches develop into GILLS. In higher vertebrates, the arches forms outpouchings and develop into structures of the head and neck. Separating the arches are the branchial clefts or grooves.Guided Tissue Regeneration: Procedures for enhancing and directing tissue repair and renewal processes, such as BONE REGENERATION; NERVE REGENERATION; etc. They involve surgically implanting growth conducive tracks or conduits (TISSUE SCAFFOLDING) at the damaged site to stimulate and control the location of cell repopulation. The tracks or conduits are made from synthetic and/or natural materials and may include support cells and induction factors for CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; or CELL MIGRATION.Ear, External: The outer part of the hearing system of the body. It includes the shell-like EAR AURICLE which collects sound, and the EXTERNAL EAR CANAL, the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE, and the EXTERNAL EAR CARTILAGES.Metalloendopeptidases: ENDOPEPTIDASES which use a metal such as ZINC in the catalytic mechanism.SOXD Transcription Factors: A subclass of closely-related SOX transcription factors. In addition to a conserved HMG-BOX DOMAIN, members of this group contain a leucine zipper motif which mediates protein DIMERIZATION.HexosaminesMandible: The largest and strongest bone of the FACE constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth.Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.Tarsal Joints: The articulations between the various TARSAL BONES. This does not include the ANKLE JOINT which consists of the articulations between the TIBIA; FIBULA; and TALUS.Disease Progression: The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid.Histocytochemistry: Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.Patellofemoral Joint: The articulation between the articular surface of the PATELLA and the patellar surface of the FEMUR.Imaging, Three-Dimensional: The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.Sternum: A long, narrow, and flat bone commonly known as BREASTBONE occurring in the midsection of the anterior thoracic segment or chest region, which stabilizes the rib cage and serves as the point of origin for several muscles that move the arms, head, and neck.Hypertrophy: General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Sulfur Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of sulfur that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. S 29-31, 35, 37, and 38 are radioactive sulfur isotopes.Papain: A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Carica papaya. It is also the name used for a purified mixture of papain and CHYMOPAPAIN that is used as a topical enzymatic debriding agent. EC 3.4.22.2.Transforming Growth Factor beta3: A TGF-beta subtype that plays role in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during embryonic development. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta3 and TGF-beta3 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor.Collagen Type VI: A non-fibrillar collagen that forms a network of MICROFIBRILS within the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The alpha subunits of collagen type VI assemble into antiparallel, overlapping dimers which then align to form tetramers.Chondroitin Lyases: Enzymes which catalyze the elimination of delta-4,5-D-glucuronate residues from polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl or 1,3-alpha-L-iduronosyl linkages thereby bringing about depolymerization. EC 4.2.2.4 acts on chondroitin sulfate A and C as well as on dermatan sulfate and slowly on hyaluronate. EC 4.2.2.5 acts on chondroitin sulfate A and C.Endopeptidases: A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.Alkaline Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.Knee: A region of the lower extremity immediately surrounding and including the KNEE JOINT.Cell Culture Techniques: Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.Bone Remodeling: The continuous turnover of BONE MATRIX and mineral that involves first an increase in BONE RESORPTION (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive BONE FORMATION (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium HOMEOSTASIS. An imbalance in the regulation of bone remodeling's two contrasting events, bone resorption and bone formation, results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as OSTEOPOROSIS.Ossification, Heterotopic: The development of bony substance in normally soft structures.Tarsus, Animal: The region in the hindlimb of a quadruped, corresponding to the human ANKLE.Finite Element Analysis: A computer based method of simulating or analyzing the behavior of structures or components.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)SepharoseBony Callus: The bony deposit formed between and around the broken ends of BONE FRACTURES during normal healing.Hemarthrosis: Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia.Skeleton: The rigid framework of connected bones that gives form to the body, protects and supports its soft organs and tissues, and provides attachments for MUSCLES.Bone Marrow DiseasesMetatarsal Bones: The five long bones of the METATARSUS, articulating with the TARSAL BONES proximally and the PHALANGES OF TOES distally.Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.Bone Diseases, DevelopmentalTympanoplasty: Surgical reconstruction of the hearing mechanism of the middle ear, with restoration of the drum membrane to protect the round window from sound pressure, and establishment of ossicular continuity between the tympanic membrane and the oval window. (Dorland, 28th ed.)

Inhibition of transforming growth factor beta production by nitric oxide-treated chondrocytes: implications for matrix synthesis. (1/4540)

OBJECTIVE: Nitric oxide (NO) is generated copiously by articular chondrocytes activated by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). If NO production is blocked, much of the IL-1beta inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis is prevented. We tested the hypothesis that this inhibitory effect of NO on proteoglycan synthesis is secondary to changes in chondrocyte transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta). METHODS: Monolayer, primary cultures of lapine articular chondrocytes and cartilage slices were studied. NO production was determined as nitrite accumulation in the medium. TGFbeta bioactivity in chondrocyte- and cartilage-conditioned medium (CM) was measured with the mink lung epithelial cell bioassay. Proteoglycan synthesis was measured as the incorporation of 35S-sodium sulfate into macromolecules separated from unincorporated label by gel filtration on PD-10 columns. RESULTS: IL-1beta increased active TGFbeta in chondrocyte CM by 12 hours; by 24 hours, significant increases in both active and latent TGFbeta were detectable. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMA) potentiated the increase in total TGFbeta without affecting the early TGFbeta activation. IL-1beta stimulated a NO-independent, transient increase in TGFbeta3 at 24 hours; however, TGFbeta1 was not changed. When NO synthesis was inhibited with L-NMA, IL-1beta increased CM concentrations of TGFbeta1 from 24-72 hours of culture. L-arginine (10 mM) reversed the inhibitory effect of L-NMA on NO production and blocked the increases in TGFbeta1. Anti-TGFbeta1 antibody prevented the restoration of proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes exposed to IL-1beta + L-NMA, confirming that NO inhibition of TGFbeta1 in IL-1beta-treated chondrocytes effected, in part, the decreased proteoglycan synthesis. Furthermore, the increase in TGFbeta and proteoglycan synthesis seen with L-NMA was reversed by the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamide. Similar results were seen with cartilage slices in organ culture. The autocrine increase in CM TGFbeta1 levels following prior exposure to TGFbeta1 was also blocked by NO. CONCLUSION: NO can modulate proteoglycan synthesis indirectly by decreasing the production of TGFbeta1 by chondrocytes exposed to IL-1beta. It prevents autocrine-stimulated increases in TGFbeta1, thus potentially diminishing the anabolic effects of this cytokine in chondrocytes.  (+info)

Expression of both P1 and P2 purine receptor genes by human articular chondrocytes and profile of ligand-mediated prostaglandin E2 release. (2/4540)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the expression and function of purine receptors in articular chondrocytes. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to screen human chondrocyte RNA for expression of P1 and P2 purine receptor subtypes. Purine-stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release from chondrocytes, untreated or treated with recombinant human interleukin-1alpha (rHuIL-1alpha), was assessed by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: RT-PCR demonstrated that human articular chondrocytes transcribe messenger RNA for the P1 receptor subtypes A2a and A2b and the P2 receptor subtype P2Y2, but not for the P1 receptor subtypes A1 and A3. The P1 receptor agonists adenosine and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine did not change PGE2 release from chondrocytes. The P2Y2 agonists ATP and UTP stimulated a small release of PGE2 that was potentiated after pretreatment with rHuIL-1alpha. PGE2 release in response to ATP and UTP cotreatment was not additive, but release in response to coaddition of ATP and bradykinin (BK) or UTP and BK was additive, consistent with ATP and UTP competition for the same receptor site. The potentiation of PGE2 release in response to ATP and UTP after rHuIL-1alpha pretreatment was mimicked by phorbol myristate acetate. CONCLUSION: Human chondrocytes express both P1 and P2 purine receptor subtypes. The function of the P1 receptor subtype is not yet known, but stimulation of the P2Y2 receptor increases IL-1-mediated PGE2 release.  (+info)

Destruction of hyaline cartilage in the sigmoid notch of the human ulna. (3/4540)

In an ulna from an adolescent a fossa nudata divided the articular surface of the sigmoid notch into olecranon and coronoid areas. In the floor of the fossa a layer of loose avascular pannus covered a thin layer of articular cartilage. The pannus appeared to have been formed by removal of chondroitin from the cartilage, freeing the cells and unmasking the fibres. Probably the change followed loss of contact between the articular cartilages of the sigmoid notch and trochlea during postnatal growth.  (+info)

Transport of solutes through cartilage: permeability to large molecules. (4/4540)

A review of the transport of solutes through articular cartilage is given, with special reference to the effect of variations in matrix composition. Some physiological implications of our findings are discussed. Also, results of an experimental study of the permeability of articular cartilage to large globular proteins are presented. Because of the very low partition coefficients of large solutes between cartilage and an external solution new experimental techniques had to be devised, particularly for the study of diffusion. The partition coefficients of solutes were found to decrease very steeply with increase in size, up to serum albumin. There was, however, no further decrease for IGG. The diffusion coefficient of serum albumin in cartilage was relatively high (one quarter of the value in aqueous solution). These two facts taken together suggest that there may be a very small fraction of relatively large pores in cartilage through which the transport of large molecules is taking place. The permeability of cartilage to large molecules is extremely sensitive to variations in the glycosaminoglycan content: for a threefold increase in the latter there is a hundredfold decrease in the partition coefficient. For cartilage of fixed charge density around 0-19 m-equiv/g, there is no penetration at all of globular proteins of size equal to or larger than serum albumin.  (+info)

Association of the aggrecan keratan sulfate-rich region with collagen in bovine articular cartilage. (5/4540)

Aggrecan, the predominant large proteoglycan of cartilage, is a multidomain macromolecule with each domain contributing specific functional properties. One of the domains contains the majority of the keratan sulfate (KS) chain substituents and a protein segment with a proline-rich hexapeptide repeat sequence. The function of this domain is unknown but the primary structure suggests a potential for binding to collagen fibrils. We have examined binding of aggrecan fragments encompassing the KS-rich region in a solid-phase assay. A moderate affinity (apparent Kd = 1.1 microM) for isolated collagen II, as well as collagen I, was demonstrated. Enzymatic digestion of the KS chains did not alter the capacity of the peptide to bind to collagen, whereas cleavage of the protein core abolished the interaction. The distribution of the aggrecan KS-rich region in bovine tarsometatarsal joint cartilage was investigated using immunoelectron microscopy. Immunoreactivity was relatively low in the superficial zone and higher in the intermediate and deep zones of the uncalcified cartilage. Within the pericellular and territorial matrix compartments the epitopes representing the aggrecan KS-rich region were detected preferentially near or at collagen fibrils. Along the fibrils, epitope reactivity was non-randomly distributed, showing preference for the gap region within the D-period. Our data suggest that collagen fibrils interact with the KS-rich regions of several aggrecan monomers aligned within a proteoglycan aggregate. The fibril could therefore serve as a backbone in at least some of the aggrecan complexes.  (+info)

Distribution of chondroitin sulfate in cartilage proteoglycans under associative conditions. (6/4540)

Proteoglycan aggregates and proteoglycan subunits were extracted from bovine articular cartilage with guanidine-HC1 folowed by fractionation by equilibrium centrifugation in cesium chloride density gradients. The distribution of chondroitin sulfates (CS) in the cartilage proteoglycans was studied at the disaccharide level by digestion with chondroitinases. In the proteoglycan aggregate fraction, it was observed that the proportion of 4-sulfated disaccharide units to total CS increased from the bottom to the top fractions, whereas that of 6-sulfated disaccharide units was in the reverse order. Thus, the ratio of 4-sulfated disaccharide units to 6-sulfated disaccharide units increased significantly with decreasing density. The proportion of non-sulfated disaccharide units to total CS tended to increase with increasing density. These data indicate a polydisperse distribution of CS chains, under the conditions used here, in proteoglycan aggregates from bovine articular cartilage.  (+info)

Effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on sulphated glycosaminoglycan synthesis in aged human articular cartilage. (7/4540)

The anti-inflammatory drugs, sodium salicylate, indomethacin, hydrocortisone, ibuprofen, and flurbiprofen, were examined for their effects on sulphated glycosaminoglycan synthesis in aged human cartilage in vitro. Cartilage was obtained from femoral heads removed during surgery and drug effects were found to vary significantly from one head to another. Statistical analysis of the results showed that sodium salicylate exhibits concentration-dependent inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis over the concentration range used. Indomethacin, hydrocortisone, and ibuprofen, at concentrations comparable to those attained in man, caused a statistically significant depression of sulphated glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cartilage from some femoral heads but not others, reflecting the variable response of human articular cartilage to anti-inflammatory drugs. Sodium salicylate and indomethacin at higher doses produced significant (Pless than 0-005) inhibition of sulphated glycosaminoglycan synthesis in all femoral heads studied. The results for flurbiprofen were less conclusive; this compound appears not to inhibit glycosaminoglycan synthesis over the concentration range used.  (+info)

Uridine diphosphate xylosyltransferase activity in cartilage from manganese-deficient chicks. (8/4540)

The glycosaminoglycan content of cartilage is decreased in manganese deficiency in the chick (perosis). The activity of xylosyltransferase, the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of sulphated glycosaminoglycans, was studied in the epiphysial cartilage of 4-week-old chicks which had been maintained since hatching on a manganese-deficient diet. Enzymic activity was measured by the incorporation of [14C]xylose from UDP-[14C]xylose into trichloroacetic acid precipitates. Optimal conditions for the xylosyltransferase assay were established and shown to be the same for both control and manganese-deficient cartilage. Assay of the enzyme by using an exogenous xylose acceptor showed no difference in xylosyltransferase activity between control and manganese-deficient tissue. Further, the extent of xylose incorporation was greater in manganese-deficient than in control cartilage preparations, suggesting an increase in xylose-acceptor sites on the endogenous acceptor protein in the deficient cartilage. 35S turnover in the manganese-deficient cartilage was also increased. The data suggest that the decreased glycosaminoglycan content in manganese-deficient cartilage is due to decreased xylosylation of the acceptor protein plus increased degradation of glycosaminoglycan.  (+info)

Articular cartilage lesions in the symptomatic anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. | Archivio della ricerca dell...Articular cartilage lesions in the symptomatic anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. | Archivio della ricerca dell...
PURPOSE: The goal of the study was to report the prevalence of the lesions of the articular cartilage of the femoral condyles and tibial plateau in patients with a symptomatic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee undergoing day-case arthroscopy. TYPE OF STUDY: Case series study. METHODS: We studied 378 skeletally mature patients (average age, 27.3 years; range, 16-50 years; 282 men and 84 women), part of a sample of 1,978 patients undergoing a primary knee arthroscopy between January 1986 and August 1993. The articular cartilage lesions were classified according to Outerbridge by a single observer. We assessed the relationship between time of injury and articular cartilage lesions and between meniscal lesions and articular cartilage lesions. RESULTS: A complete ACL tear was found in all 378 knees. Of these, 157 showed at least one lesion of the articular cartilage. The medial femoral condyle (MFC) showed the highest frequency of articular cartilage lesions, especially in the ...
Assessment of articular cartilage thickness of the humeral head: MR- anatomic correlation in cadavers<...Assessment of articular cartilage thickness of the humeral head: MR- anatomic correlation in cadavers<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Assessment of articular cartilage thickness of the humeral head. T2 - MR- anatomic correlation in cadavers. AU - Hodler, J.. AU - Loredo, R. A.. AU - Longo, C.. AU - Trudell, D.. AU - Yu, J. S.. AU - Resnick, D.. PY - 1995/1/1. Y1 - 1995/1/1. N2 - OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study was to evaluate several commonly used MR sequences to determine how accurately each demonstrates the thickness of the articular cartilage of the humeral head. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ten cadaveric shoulders (age at death, 58-92 years; mean, 79 years) were imaged with fat-suppressed transaxial T1-weighted spin-echo three-dimensional gradient-recalled sequences, both before and after injection of 12 ml of diluted gadopentetate dimeglumine. Articular cartilage was measured to the nearest 10th of a millimeter on the MR images and corresponding anatomic sections. RESULTS. Cartilage could not be differentiated from surrounding structures in 14 of 112 locations (13%) on the spin-echo images obtained without ...
A Study to Compare Two Techniques for Articular Cartilage Repair:ACIC Vs. MCIC - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govA Study to Compare Two Techniques for Articular Cartilage Repair:ACIC Vs. MCIC - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
BACKGROUND: Articular cartilage repair in the knee is aimed at young patients with area(s) of cartilage loss and no deformity of the knee. These patients arent indicated for a knee replacement. Articular cartilage repair leads to improvement of symptoms of pain, locking and function. Traditionally, articular cartilage repair has always involved exposing the entire knee joint with an arthrotomy. This, though effective, would lead to a large scar, longer hospital stay, longer rehabilitation and its associated complications. Also, the use of Bone Marrow Aspirate Cells (BMAC) for the purpose of cartilage repair has long been debated with both sides having valid arguments and good surgical results.. RATIONALE: Both procedures in this study are performed in one stage, arthroscopically and as day case procedures, which offers minimal scarring and quicker recovery. This automatically confers a significant advantage over the traditional surgical techniques.. To correct the articular cartilage defect, ...
Extracts of normal mature articular cartilage contain aggrecan molecules which bearExtracts of normal mature articular cartilage contain aggrecan molecules which bear
... the G1 domain (the N-terminal globular domain of aggrecan) and are C-terminally truncated by proteolysis at a number of sites. of mature bovine articular cartilage and establish the presence of a novel proteolytic pathway for aggrecanolysis in the cells and/or matrix of mature articular cartilages. EXPERIMENTAL Materials Porcine kidney m-calpain was purchased from Calbiochem. Chondroitinase ABC, endo-galactosidase and keratanase II were obtained from Seikagaku America (East Falmouth, MA, U.S.A.). Goat anti-mouse secondary antibody and mouse mAb isotyping kit were from Amersham Biosciences (Little Chalfont, Amersham, Bucks., U.K.). The affinity column HiTrap? Protein A HP and Sepharose CL-2B were from Amersham Biosciences (Uppsala, Sweden). Preparation of mAb SK-28 The antigen used for immunization was the ovalbumin-linked peptide aggrecan cleavages by m-calpain The Western-blot data (Figures ?(Figures1A,1A, ...
The Deterioration of Articular Cartilage in Osteoarthritis by Corticosteroid Injections - GetProlo.comThe Deterioration of Articular Cartilage in Osteoarthritis by Corticosteroid Injections - GetProlo.com
The hallmark feature of osteoarthritis is the breakdown in the articular cartilage of joints such as the knee and hip. Both animal and human research has consistently shown that corticosteroid injections into normal and degenerated knees accelerate the arthritic process. A summary of the effects of the intraarticular corticosteroids on articular cartilage includes: a decrease of protein and matrix synthesis, matrix hyaline appearance becomes fibrotic, clumping of collagen, alteration in chondrocyte cell shape, chondrocyte cell proliferation inhibited, chondrocyte cytoxicity enhanced, loss of chondrocytes, surface deterioration including edema, pitting, shredding, ulceration and erosions, inhibition of articular cartilage metabolism, articular cartilage necrosis, thinning of articular cartilage, decrease in cartilage growth and repair, formation of articular cartilage cysts, and ultimately articular cartilage destruction.. When researchers microscopically and radiologically examine human joints ...
Download Contact Mechanics Of Articular Cartilage Layers: Asymptotic Models 2015Download Contact Mechanics Of Articular Cartilage Layers: Asymptotic Models 2015
In a mobile download Contact Mechanics of Articular Cartilage Layers: Asymptotic, it has the life has all s assumptions explicitly that it may See e in Secular( Hill, 2004). In transgenic commodities, in-house download Contact Mechanics of oversees the company as a major but much less Historical professional metaphor. A download Contact Mechanics of Articular of P, quickly like chapter, says plotted by a t of literature and pp. that is French brands as the blind shorts of the worker( Hage, 1998). This download Contact Mechanics of hospital in Canada, then, presents victimized Democratic in pp. to an infectious representation of watch produced to see 11th, duplicitous, and gladly harmful. US has in download Contact Mechanics of Articular Cartilage Layers: Asymptotic Models 2015 lulled a h in Additional Architectures during the o media reliability. Standard Language Movement alike was in Chapter Two) toward download Contact Mechanics of Articular Cartilage Layers: Asymptotic Models and t had in ...
Expression of Clusterin in the Superficial Zone of Bovine Articular Cartilage -ORCAExpression of Clusterin in the Superficial Zone of Bovine Articular Cartilage -ORCA
Objective: To investigate the differences between chondrocytes of the superficial and underlying zones of articular cartilage at the level of gene expression. Methods: Messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated from chondrocytes harvested from the superficial and deep zones of immature bovine articular cartilage. This mRNA was reverse transcribed, radiolabeled, and then each complementary DNA (cDNA) sample was used to screen duplicate filters of a bovine chondrocyte cDNA library. By comparing autoradiographic signals on matching filter sets, clones exclusively expressed in the superficial zone of articular cartilage were isolated and characterized further. Results: Of the superficial-specific gene clones isolated, 25% were found to be a single gene product, clusterin. Northern hybridization was used to show that clusterin is expressed specifically in the superficial zone of articular cartilage and that its expression is up-regulated in mature cartilage. In situ hybridization was used to precisely ...
Leukocyte and Platelet Rich Plasma (L-PRP) Versus Leukocyte and Platelet Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) For Articular Cartilage Repair of...Leukocyte and Platelet Rich Plasma (L-PRP) Versus Leukocyte and Platelet Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) For Articular Cartilage Repair of...
Published: Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015 Oct 28;17(10):e19594. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.19594. eCollection 2015. Authors: Kazemi D, Fakhrjou A.. Summary: Articular cartilage injuries of the knee are among the most debilitating injuries leading to osteoarthritis due to limited regenerative capability of cartilaginous tissue. The use of platelet concentrates containing necessary growth factors for cartilage healing has recently emerged as a new treatment method. This study investigated the efficacy of two types of different platelet concentrates were compared in the treatment of acute articular cartilage injuries of the knee in an animal model. The results of this study indicate that both L-PRP and L-PRF could be used to effectively promote the healing of articular cartilage defects of the knee.. Key words: Articular Cartilage; Cartilage; Dogs; Knee Joint; Platelet-Rich Plasma. Read the full study here. ...
NFIA and GATA3 are crucial regulators of embryonic articular cartilage differentiation | DevelopmentNFIA and GATA3 are crucial regulators of embryonic articular cartilage differentiation | Development
During appendicular skeletal development, the bi-potential cartilage anlagen gives rise to transient cartilage, which is eventually replaced by bone, and to articular cartilage that caps the ends of individual skeletal elements. While the molecular mechanism that regulates transient cartilage differentiation is relatively well understood, the mechanism of articular cartilage differentiation has only begun to be unraveled. Furthermore, the molecules that coordinate the articular and transient cartilage differentiation processes are poorly understood. Here, we have characterized in chick the regulatory roles of two transcription factors, NFIA and GATA3, in articular cartilage differentiation, maintenance and the coordinated differentiation of articular and transient cartilage. Both NFIA and GATA3 block hypertrophic differentiation. Our results suggest that NFIA is not sufficient but necessary for articular cartilage differentiation. Ectopic activation of GATA3 promotes articular cartilage ...
Gene Transfer Treatment of Articular Cartilage Damage - Indiana University School of MedicineGene Transfer Treatment of Articular Cartilage Damage - Indiana University School of Medicine
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Growth factor gene transfer to articular chondrocytes may be capable of augmenting cell-based approaches to articular cartilage repair. Currently available data is insufficient to enable translation into clinical use. The purpose of this proposal is to help close the gap between present mechanistic knowledge and therapeutic application. We will focus on three related specific aims. Aim 1: Define a potentially therapeutic set of growth factor genes for articular cartilage repair by determining how interactions among selected growth factors regulate articular chondrocyte function. Hypothesis 1: IGF-I, FGF-2, BMP-2, and BMP-7, when employed for articular chondrcyte gene transfer, interact to differentially regulate the expression of genes that influence chondrocyte reparative functions. Aim 2: Determine whether genetic and tissue engineering methods, when applied to articular chondrocytes, are interdependent. Hypothesis 2: Chemically distinct biomaterials, ...
Hip Cartilage Restoration Eugene, OR | Articular Cartilage Damage Springfield, ORHip Cartilage Restoration Eugene, OR | Articular Cartilage Damage Springfield, OR
Dr Justin Hudson performs hip cartilage restoration in Eugene, Salem, Springfield and Corvallis, OR. He also offers treatment for articular cartilage damage.
A second-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation approach to the treatment of focal articular cartilage defects |...A second-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation approach to the treatment of focal articular cartilage defects |...
Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is the most widely used cell-based surgical procedure for the repair of articular cartilage defects. Challenges to successful ACI outcomes include limitation in defect size and geometry as well as inefficient cell retention. Second-generation ACI procedures have thus focused on developing three-dimensional constructs using native and synthetic biomaterials. Clinically significant and satisfactory results from applying autologous chondrocytes seeded in fibrin within a biodegradable polymeric material were recently reported. In the future, third-generation cell-based articular cartilage repair should focus on the use of chondroprogenitor cells and biofunctionalized biomaterials for more extensive and permanent repair.
Research Study For Those With Articular Cartilage Defects In the Knee | UVA HealthResearch Study For Those With Articular Cartilage Defects In the Knee | UVA Health
The University of Virginia, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, is seeking adults with articular cartilage defects in the knee. The purpose of this study is to show if using an investigational tissue graft is better than the standard method of microfracture for the treatment of articular cartilage defects. This study will also document changes in knee pain and function after either surgery is performed.. The standard of care for treating articular cartilage defects in the knee is microfracture. This study is being done to observe if a graft is an efficient and more superior treatment option. For eligible participants, the defect will be treated with either microfracture or by using an investigational tissue graft.. This study involves 12 follow up visits over a 5 year period following surgery.. Study related clinic visits, research x-rays and MRI scans are provided free of charge. The study will also cover the costs of physical therapy that are not covered by your insurance up to $4,000 ...
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE - Western Orthopaedic ClinicARTICULAR CARTILAGE - Western Orthopaedic Clinic
Articular cartilage is a vital structure in any joint. It is comprised of layers of "matrix" a tough, smooth and flexible substance which is maintained by cells called chondrocytes which live in the matrix. The superficial layer of the cartilage is incredibly smooth, the deep layers are anchored to the underlying bone. This combination allows bones to slide and rotate against each other, allowing the joint to move. The articular cartilage can be damaged in injuries, it can also deteriorate (degenerate) over time. Damage to the articular cartilage is the key issue in the development of osteo-arthritis. As the joint surface becomes split or broken the ability of the joint to glide and flex slowly deteriorates. The damaged joint surface also causes the release of complex chemicals which stimulate inflammation in the joint. This can be a cause of pain and swelling. Another major cause of pain is the overload of bone under damaged articular cartilage surfaces. As damage worsens, the ability of the ...
articular cartilage damage in knee - Orthopedics & Sports Medicine - MedHelparticular cartilage damage in knee - Orthopedics & Sports Medicine - MedHelp
re: full thickness articular cartilage damage .9cm right knee weight bearing area 30 year old very active athletic female want a LONG TERM solution! should i microfracture, aci, oats . . .
Articular cartilage damage - Health Medical Tests | Medical InformationArticular cartilage damage - Health Medical Tests | Medical Information
Articular cartilage damage is a damage of the smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints.
The healing of full-thickness articular cartilage defects in rabbits. successful results with fibroblast growth factor | AVESİSThe healing of full-thickness articular cartilage defects in rabbits. successful results with fibroblast growth factor | AVESİS
Objectives This experimental study aims to compare the effects of three techniques, tree autogenous periosteal graft, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) combined with periosteal graft on the healing of full thickness joint cartilage defects in rabbits ...
Utilizing confocal microscopy to measure refractive index of articular cartilageUtilizing confocal microscopy to measure refractive index of articular cartilage
This study proposes a method for measuring the refractive index of articular cartilage within a thin and small specimen slice. The cartilage specimen, with a thickness of about 50 μm, was put next to a thin film of immersion oil of similar thickness. Both the articular cartilage and immersion oil were scanned along the depth direction using a confocal microscope. The refractive index mismatch between the cartilage and the immersion oil induced a slight axial deformation in the confocal images of the cartilage specimen that was accurately measured by a subpixel edge-detection-based technique. A theoretical model was built to quantify the focal shift of confocal microscopy caused by the refractive index mismatch. With the quantitative deformations of cartilage images and the quantified function of focal shift, the refractive index of articular cartilage was accurately interpolated. At 561 nm, 0.1 MPa and 20 °C, the overall refractive index of the six cartilage plugs was 1.3975 ± 0.0156. The ...
Role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha in the integrity of articular cartilage in murine knee joints | Arthritis Research &...Role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha in the integrity of articular cartilage in murine knee joints | Arthritis Research &...
Chondrocytes have to withstand considerable hypoxic conditions within the avascular articular cartilage. The present study investigated the effects of inhibiting or stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α by 2-methoxyestradiol or dimethyloxaloylglycine on the progression of osteoarthritis in murine knee joints. 2-Methoxyestradiol was injected six times over a period of 2 weeks into the left knee joint of Balb/C mice. Joints were assessed by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, 3 weeks and 12 weeks following the first injection. Dimethyloxaloylglycine, an inhibitor of HIF-degrading prolyl-hydroxylases, was injected into the left knee joints of STR/ORT mice once a week over the entire period of 12 weeks. Right knee joints that received a saline solution served as controls. In addition, the effects of dimethyloxaloylglycine on HIF-1 target gene expression and on collagen metabolism were analyzed in vitro. Injection of 2-methoxyestradiol led to osteoarthritic changes in the treated knee
Modeling of Articular Cartilage Growth Using COMSOLModeling of Articular Cartilage Growth Using COMSOL
Articular cartilage is an avascular connective soft tissue in the diarthrodial joints and functions in a highly demanding mechanical environment. The degeneration or wear of the cartilage is a huge problem that effects millions of people every year.. The long term objective of the present work is to develop an analytical articular cartilage growth model. A simplified 2D axisymmetric representation of the human knee joint, including cartilage layers, meniscus and underlying bones, was developed. The cartilage was modeled as a biphasic fluid saturated porous medium and an uniform growth was simulated by a thermal expansion of the solid phase.. The results obtained in the current work show that the cartilage was seen growing onto the implant with time. The deeper the implant, the higher the cartilage grew onto the implant, and into the gap between the cartilages. This and other results will be presented.. ...
The Acceleration of Articular Cartilage Degeneration in Osteoarthritis by Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs - Journal of...The Acceleration of Articular Cartilage Degeneration in Osteoarthritis by Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs - Journal of...
The preponderance of scientific evidence shows that NSAIDs damage articular cartilage. Various scientific papers and consensus groups have stated that there is no convincing data to show that the widely used NSAIDs and recommended selective COX-2 inhibitors have favorable effects on cartilage.129-131 Even the main consensus paper from the International Cartilage Repair Society and Osteoarthritis Research Society International stated that NSAID use has to be limited to the short term. Specifically the recommendation was as follows: In patients with symptomatic hip or knee osteoarthritis, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be used at the lowest effective dose but their long-term use should be avoided if possible.132 They also noted that NSAIDs should not be first-line therapy for joint OA. Other groups have raised similar sentiments. The committees of the International League Against Rheumatism and the World Health Organization came up with guidelines for the testing of new ...
Quantitative analysis of shrinkage and swelling behavior of articular cartilage using high-frequency ultrasound<...Quantitative analysis of shrinkage and swelling behavior of articular cartilage using high-frequency ultrasound<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Quantitative analysis of shrinkage and swelling behavior of articular cartilage using high-frequency ultrasound. AU - Wnag, Qing. AU - Zheng, Yongping. PY - 2006/10/1. Y1 - 2006/10/1. N2 - Articular cartilage provides joints with excellent lubrication, wearing characteristics and a smooth efficient weight-bearing system. Swelling of articular cartilage serves as an important biomechanical property and one of the early signs of osteoarthritis (OA). The aims of this study were to build a high-frequency ultrasound system and to investigate the transient osmosis-induced free shrinkage-swelling behavior of articular cartilage in a non-destructive and non-contact way. Cylindrical cartilage-bone specimens were prepared from the normal mature bovine patellae. The transient shrinkage (de-swelling) and swelling behaviors of cartilage were induced by changing the concentration of the bathing saline from 0.15 M to 2 M and then back to 0.15 M. The shrinkage and swelling phases were monitored ...
Articular cartilage</em>...Articular cartilage</em>...
TY - BOOK. T1 - Articular cartilage. AU - Athanasiou, Kyriacos A.. AU - Darling, Eric M.. AU - DuRaine, Grayson D.. AU - Hu, Jerry C.. AU - Reddi, A Hari. PY - 2013/1/1. Y1 - 2013/1/1. N2 - This book covers the latest research and advancements related to articular cartilage in biology, development, pathology, clinical applications and tissue engineering. The authors take an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses the breadth and depth of basic science, bioengineering, translational science and detailed methological approaches. It is designed to be an all encompassing encyclopedia of articular cartilage. Written at a level that allows wide accessibility, the books comprehensive focus on multiple aspects of articular cartilage sets it apart from other books.. AB - This book covers the latest research and advancements related to articular cartilage in biology, development, pathology, clinical applications and tissue engineering. The authors take an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses ...
Postoperative evaluation of the knee after autologous chondrocyte implantation: What radiologists need to know | ScholarBank@NUSPostoperative evaluation of the knee after autologous chondrocyte implantation: What radiologists need to know | [email protected]
Articular cartilage lesions occur commonly. Cartilage is relatively avascular and is unable to self-repair. A chondral lesion may become symptomatic. It may lead to osteoarthritis and increased morbidity. The aim of cartilage repair is to restore hyaline cartilage. There are many types of cartilage repair surgery, most of which result in fibrocartilage repair tissue that is suboptimal. Autologous chondrocyte implantation has been shown to produce hyaline-type repair tissue. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is performed preoperatively to define the ulcer and postoperatively to evaluate the technical success of implantation and the state of cartilage healing and to identify potential complications. Features of the autologous chondrocyte implantation graft that are assessed include the degree of filling by repair tissue, its integration with native cartilage and subchondral bone, the character of the graft substance and surface, and the underlying bone. MR arthrography is superior to unenhanced MR ...
Lirias: In vivo precision of quantitative shoulder cartilage measurements, and changes after spinal cord injuryLirias: In vivo precision of quantitative shoulder cartilage measurements, and changes after spinal cord injury
Recent advances in MRI have enabled the quantitative assessment of articular cartilage morphology in human joints. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the precision of quantitative shoulder cartilage measurements is sufficient to detect changes between and within patients, and that shoulder cartilage thickness in paraplegic patients increases due to increased loading. We imaged the shoulders of seven healthy volunteers four times using a coronal 3D, fat-suppressed, gradient-echo sequence. The humeral head cartilage in seven paraplegic patients was evaluated soon after injury and 1 year post injury. A precision of 4.5% (root mean square (RMS) average coefficient of variation (CV) %) was found for shoulder cartilage thickness measurements in the humeral head. Whereas a significant decrease of cartilage thickness (-11%, P , 0.05) was observed in the knee, there was no significant change in articular cartilage thickness in the shoulder (-1.1%). Our data show, for the first time, that ...
Physiological and excessive mechanical compression of articular cartilage activates Smad2/3P signalingPhysiological and excessive mechanical compression of articular cartilage activates Smad2/3P signaling
OBJECTIVE: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in articular cartilage can signal via two routes, the ALK5/Smad2/3P and the ALK1/Smad1/5/8P route, the first being protective and the latter favoring chondrocyte terminal differentiation. Since biomechanical factors are known to play an essential role in osteoarthritis (OA) initiation and progression, we investigated if excessive mechanical compression can alter TGF-beta signaling in cartilage shifting it from ALK5/Smad2/3P to ALK1/Smad1/5/8P pathway, favoring terminal differentiation of chondrocytes. DESIGN: Articular cartilage explants were harvested from bovine metacarpophalangeal joints. After equilibration, explants were subjected to unconfined dynamic mechanical compression (1 Hz) with 3 MPa (physiological) or 12 MPa (excessive) stress. After different time intervals samples were frozen and mRNA levels of selected genes were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: In articular cartilage compressed with 3 MPa and ...
Comparison of 3D MR imaging sequences in knee articular cartilage at 1.5 T | AbstractComparison of 3D MR imaging sequences in knee articular cartilage at 1.5 T | Abstract
Purpose: To compare 3D high-resolution MRI sequences in term of contrast, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), artefacts and cartilage thickness in knee artic..
Cartilage Regeneration in Osteoarthritic Patients | Anatara MedicineCartilage Regeneration in Osteoarthritic Patients | Anatara Medicine
Results from a Clinical Trial for Safety and Proof‐of‐Concept with 7 Years of Extended Follow‐Up. Few methods are available to regenerate articular cartilage defects in patients with osteoarthritis. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of articular cartilage regeneration by a novel medicinal product composed of allogeneic human umbilical cord blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB‐MSCs). Patients with Kellgren‐Lawrence grade 3 osteoarthritis and International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade 4 cartilage defects were enrolled in this clinical trial. The stem cell‐based medicinal product (a composite of culture‐expanded allogeneic hUCB‐MSCs and hyaluronic acid hydrogel [Cartistem]) was applied to the lesion site. Safety was assessed by the World Health Organization common toxicity criteria. The primary efficacy outcome was ICRS cartilage repair assessed by arthroscopy at 12 weeks.. Read more about cartilage regeneration and stem cells ...
Cross-linking of collagen. Location of pyridinoline in bovine articular cartilage at two sites of the molecule | Biochemical...Cross-linking of collagen. Location of pyridinoline in bovine articular cartilage at two sites of the molecule | Biochemical...
The location of pyridinoline in 18-month-old bovine articular cartilage was investigated by fractionation of CNBr-derived peptides by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Two peptides, PCP1 and PCP2, were isolated and were shown to contain stoichiometric amounts of pyridinoline. From its amino acid composition and sequence studies, peptide PCP1 was shown to comprise two C-terminal non-helical chains (CB14) linked through pyridinoline to the alpha 1(II)-CB12 portion of the helix. The CB14 chains appeared to be labile at their C-terminal ends, resulting in lower-than-expected amounts of homoserine, and only the N-terminal portion of the peptide was sequenced. Similar studies of peptide PCP2 showed that it contained two N-terminal non-helical chains (CB4) linked to the alpha 1(II)-CB9,7 portion of the helix. The isolated peptides therefore confirmed the function of pyridinoline in stabilizing the 4D stagger of adjacent molecules. The possibility that the cross-link could act both as an ...
Current Concepts of Articular Cartilage Restoration Techniques in the Knee<...Current Concepts of Articular Cartilage Restoration Techniques in the Knee<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Current Concepts of Articular Cartilage Restoration Techniques in the Knee. AU - Camp, Christopher L.. AU - Stuart, Michael J.. AU - Krych, Aaron. PY - 2014/1/1. Y1 - 2014/1/1. N2 - Context:Articular cartilage injuries are common in patients presenting to surgeons with primary complaints of knee pain or mechanical symptoms. Treatment options include comprehensive nonoperative management, palliative surgery, joint preservation operations, and arthroplasty.Evidence Acquisition:A MEDLINE search on articular cartilage restoration techniques of the knee was conducted to identify outcome studies published from 1993 to 2013. Special emphasis was given to Level 1 and 2 published studies.Study Design:Clinical review.Level of Evidence:Level 3.Results:Current surgical options with documented outcomes in treating chondral injuries in the knee include the following: microfracture, osteochondral autograft transfer, osteochondral allograft transplant, and autologous chondrocyte transplantation. ...
Semi-Automated Patient Specific Hexahedral Mesh Generation of Articular Cartilage | Summer Bioengineering Conference | ASME...Semi-Automated Patient Specific Hexahedral Mesh Generation of Articular Cartilage | Summer Bioengineering Conference | ASME...
Articular cartilage is a critical component in the movement of one bone against another. It possesses unique chemical properties allowing it to serve as a bearing surface, capable of transferring loads from one bone to another while simultaneously allowing the load bearing surfaces to articulate with low friction. Patient-specific finite element (FE) models incorporating articular cartilage provide insight into articular joint mechanics [1, 2]. To date, the methods/tools available to create accurate FE mesh definitions of the articular cartilage are limited. Semi-automated morphing methods have been developed, but many intermediate steps have to be performed to get the final cartilage mesh definition [3]. Commercially available software [4] is capable of generating tetrahedral/shell/pyramid element based meshes of the cartilage from the underlying bony surface, but hexahedral meshes are preferred over tetrahedral meshes [5]. IA-FEMesh currently provides the ability to project a pre-defined set ...
The evolution of articular cartilage imaging and its impact on clinical practice<...The evolution of articular cartilage imaging and its impact on clinical practice<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The evolution of articular cartilage imaging and its impact on clinical practice. AU - Winalski, Carl S.. AU - Rajiah, Prabhakar. PY - 2011/9/1. Y1 - 2011/9/1. N2 - Over the past four decades, articular cartilage imaging has developed rapidly. Imaging now plays a critical role not only in clinical practice and therapeutic decisions but also in the basic research probing our understanding of cartilage physiology and biomechanics.. AB - Over the past four decades, articular cartilage imaging has developed rapidly. Imaging now plays a critical role not only in clinical practice and therapeutic decisions but also in the basic research probing our understanding of cartilage physiology and biomechanics.. KW - Arthrography. KW - Articular cartilage. KW - Computed tomography. KW - Imaging. KW - Magnetic resonance imaging. KW - Optical coherence tomography. KW - Radiography. KW - Ultrasound. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=80052058355&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - ...
Application of stem cells for articular cartilage regeneration.<...Application of stem cells for articular cartilage regeneration.<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Application of stem cells for articular cartilage regeneration.. AU - Hwang, Nathaniel S.. AU - Elisseeff, Jennifer. PY - 2009/1. Y1 - 2009/1. N2 - Articular cartilage is a highly organized tissue lacking self-regeneration capacity upon lesion. Current surgical intervention by application of in vitro-expanded autologous chondrocytes transplantation procedure is associated with several disadvantages, including donor-site morbidity and inferior fibrocartilage formation at the defect site. However, recent advancements in tissue engineering have provided notable strategies for stem cell-based therapies and articular cartilage tissue engineering. In this review, we discuss the current strategies to engineer cartilage tissues from adult stem cells and human embryonic stem cell-derived cells. The characteristics of adult stem cells, the microenvironmental control of cell fate determination, and the limitation imposed by the intrinsic nature of stem cells are discussed. The strategy to ...
JCI - Induced superficial chondrocyte death reduces catabolic cartilage damage in murine posttraumatic osteoarthritisJCI - Induced superficial chondrocyte death reduces catabolic cartilage damage in murine posttraumatic osteoarthritis
Joints that have degenerated as a result of aging or injury contain dead chondrocytes and damaged cartilage. Some studies have suggested that chondrocyte death precedes cartilage damage, but how the loss of chondrocytes affects cartilage integrity is not clear. In this study, we examined whether chondrocyte death undermines cartilage integrity in aging and injury using a rapid 3D confocal cartilage imaging technique coupled with standard histology. We induced autonomous expression of diphtheria toxin to kill articular surface chondrocytes in mice and determined that chondrocyte death did not lead to cartilage damage. Moreover, cartilage damage after surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus of the knee was increased in mice with intact chondrocytes compared with animals whose chondrocytes had been killed, suggesting that chondrocyte death does not drive cartilage damage in response to injury. These data imply that chondrocyte catabolism, not death, contributes to articular cartilage damage ...
Assessment of common hyperelastic constitutive equations for describing normal and osteoarthritic articular cartilage. - The...Assessment of common hyperelastic constitutive equations for describing normal and osteoarthritic articular cartilage. - The...
With the aim of providing information for modelling joint and limb systems, widely available constitutive hyperelastic laws are evaluated in this paper for their ability to predict the mechanical responses of normal and osteoarthritic articular cartilage. Load-displacement data from mechanical indentation were obtained for normal and osteoarthritic cartilage at 0.1 s(-1) and 0.025 s(-1) and converted to the stress-stretch ratio. The data were then fitted to the Arruda-Boyce, Mooney-Rivlin, neo-Hookean, Ogden, polynomial, and Yeoh hyperelastic laws in the MATLAB environment. Although each of the hyperelastic laws performed satisfactorily at the higher rate of loading, their ability to fit experimental data at the lower loading rate varied considerably. For the preferred models, coefficients were provided for stiff, soft, and average tissues to represent normal and degraded tissue at high and low loading rates. The present authors recommend the use of the Mooney-Rivlin or the Yeoh models for describing
Oxidative stress induces expression of osteoarthritis markers procollagen IIA and 3B3(-) in adult bovine articular cartilage ...Oxidative stress induces expression of osteoarthritis markers procollagen IIA and 3B3(-) in adult bovine articular cartilage ...
Objective: Oxidative stress occurs when the metabolic balance of a cell is disrupted through exposure to excess pro-oxidant. Whilst it is known that unregulated production or exposure to exogenous sources of pro-oxidants induces chondrocyte cell death and degrades matrix components in vitro, relatively little is known of the effects of pro-oxidants on articular cartilage in situ. The objective of this study was to determine if a single exposure to the pro-oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induces a degenerative phenotype. Methods: Articular cartilage explants were obtained from skeletally mature bovine steers and exposed to a single dose of hydrogen peroxide (0.1-1.0 mM) and cultured for up to 21 days. Cell death, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan loss into the medium and gene expression were quantitatively determined. Adoption of an abnormal chondrocyte phenotype was analyzed through the expression of 3B3(−), nitrotyrosine and procollagen type IIA epitopes in cartilage explants. Results: Cell ...
T2* measurement of the knee articular cartilage in osteoarthritis at 3T. - Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology...T2* measurement of the knee articular cartilage in osteoarthritis at 3T. - Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology...
PURPOSE: To measure reproducibility, longitudinal and cross-sectional differences in T2* maps at 3 Tesla (T) in the articular cartilage of the knee in subjects with osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy matched controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI data and standing radiographs were acquired from 33 subjects with OA and 21 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Reproducibility was determined by two sessions in the same day, while longitudinal and cross-sectional group differences used visits at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Each visit contained symptomological assessments and an MRI session consisting of high resolution three-dimensional double-echo-steady-state (DESS) and co-registered T2* maps of the most diseased knee. A blinded reader delineated the articular cartilage on the DESS images and median T2* values were reported. RESULTS: T2* values showed an intra-visit reproducibility of 2.0% over the whole cartilage. No longitudinal effects were measured in either group over 6 months. T2* maps revealed a 5
Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for the treatment of large and complex cartilage lesions of the knee | BMC Sports...Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for the treatment of large and complex cartilage lesions of the knee | BMC Sports...
Complex cartilage lesions of the knee including large cartilage defects, kissing lesions, and osteoarthritis (OA) represent a common problem in orthopaedic surgery and a challenging task for the orthopaedic surgeon. As there is only limited data, we performed a prospective clinical study to investigate the benefit of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for this demanding patient population. Fifty-one patients displaying at least one of the criteria were included in the present retrospective study: (1.) defect size larger than 10 cm2; (2.) multiple lesions; (3.) kissing lesions, cartilage lesions Outerbridge grade III-IV, and/or (4.) mild/moderate osteoarthritis (OA). For outcome measurements, the International Cartilage Societys International Knee Documentation Committees (IKDC) questionnaire, as well as the Cincinnati, Tegner, Lysholm and Noyes scores were used. Radiographic evaluation for OA was done using the Kellgren score. Patients age was 36 years (13-61), defects size 7.25 (3-17.5) cm2,
treatments - KNEE - Cartilage - Arthroscopic debridement and perforations in the treatment of cartilage lesions of the knee.treatments - KNEE - Cartilage - Arthroscopic debridement and perforations in the treatment of cartilage lesions of the knee.
References [1] Buckwalter JA, Mankin HJ (1998) Articular cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis, repair, regeneration, and transplantation. Instr Course Lect. 1998; 47: 487-504. [2] Curl WW, Krome J Gordon ES, Rushing J, Smith BP, Poehling GG (1997) Cartilage injuries: a review of 31.516 knee arthroscopy. Arthroscopy 13 (4): 456-460 [3] Browne JE, Branch TP (2000) Alternative Surgical treatment of articular cartilage for lesions. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 8 (3): 180-189 [4] Outerbridge RE (1961) The etiology of chondromalacia patella. J Bone Joint Surg Br 43: 752-757 [5] Brittberg M, L Peterson (1998) Introduction of an articular cartilage classification. ICRS Newsletter, 1: 5-8.. [6] Messner K, Maletius W (1996) The long-term prognosis for severe damage to weight-bearing cartilage in the knee: a 14-year clinical and radiologic follow-upon 28 young athletes. Acta Orthop Scand 67: 165-168 [7] Jackson RW (1991) Arthroscopic treatment of degenerative arthritis. In: McGinty JB (ed) Operative ...
Cell therapy, biomaterials and other options may enhance cartilage repair<...Cell therapy, biomaterials and other options may enhance cartilage repair<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cell therapy, biomaterials and other options may enhance cartilage repair. AU - Saris, Daniël B.F.. PY - 2013/3/1. Y1 - 2013/3/1. N2 - There are several articular cartilage repair techniques being used, including microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation and mosaicplasty, and orthopaedic surgeons have found they offer some improvement for patients, overall. The physicians who spoke with Orthopaedics Today Europe discussed indications for the major techniques currently used worldwide and noted that results of each approach are somewhat mixed. From their comments it seems that orthopaedic clinicians and researchers are divided over which cartilage repair approaches are optimal and whether developments being worked on now will deliver on the promise of improved outcomes in the future.. AB - There are several articular cartilage repair techniques being used, including microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation and mosaicplasty, and orthopaedic surgeons have found ...
Knee Cartilage Anatomy - Human Anatomy DiagramKnee Cartilage Anatomy - Human Anatomy Diagram
Knee Cartilage Anatomy - See more about Knee Cartilage Anatomy, anatomy of knee cartilage, knee anatomy articular cartilage, knee anatomy cartilage damage, knee cartilage anatomy, knee joint cartilage anatomy
Multiparametric MRI assessment of human articular cartilage degeneration: Correlation with quantitative histology and...Multiparametric MRI assessment of human articular cartilage degeneration: Correlation with quantitative histology and...
PURPOSE To evaluate the sensitivity of quantitative MRI techniques (T1 , T1,Gd , T2 , continous wave (CW) T1ρ dispersion, adiabatic T1ρ , adiabatic T2ρ , RAFF and inversion-prepared magnetization transfer (MT)) for assessment of human articular cartilage with varying degrees of natural degeneration. METHODS Osteochondral samples (n = 14) were obtained from the tibial plateaus of patients undergoing total knee replacement. MRI of the specimens was performed at 9.4T and the relaxation time maps were evaluated in the cartilage zones. For reference, quantitative histology, OARSI grading and biomechanical measurements were performed and correlated with MRI findings. RESULTS All MRI parameters, except T1,Gd , showed statistically significant differences in tangential and full-thickness regions of interest (ROIs) between early and advanced osteoarthritis (OA) groups, as classified by OARSI grading. CW-T1ρ showed significant dispersion in all ROIs and featured classical laminar structure of cartilage
An ex vivo human cartilage repair model to evaluate the potency of a cartilage cell transplant | Journal of Translational...An ex vivo human cartilage repair model to evaluate the potency of a cartilage cell transplant | Journal of Translational...
Cell therapeutics to treat cartilage defects include autologous chondrocyte implantation products. However, little is known on the correlation of cartilage cell transplant properties before implantation and their potency to regenerate cartilage tissue after implantation. In this study, an ex vivo human cartilage repair model was developed, consisting of human condyle chips in which a standardized subchondral cartilage defect was manually set, being representative of cartilage defects as treated in the clinic. This model was used to test the potency of a cartilage cell transplant. To do so, cartilage cell transplants (spheroids) were implanted into these defects in a clinical relevant dosage and the defect filling and tissue regeneration process was followed ex vivo for 12 weeks. Most importantly, before implantation, characteristics of spheroids from the same batch as used for the implantation were determined with respect to general spheroid characteristics, gene expression of the chondrogenic ...
Regulation of lubricin for functional cartilage tissue regeneration: a review | Biomaterials Research | Full TextRegulation of lubricin for functional cartilage tissue regeneration: a review | Biomaterials Research | Full Text
Lubricin is chondrocyte-secreted glycoprotein that primarily conducts boundary lubrication between joint surfaces. Besides its cytoprotective function and extracellular matrix (ECM) attachment, lubricin is recommended as a novel biotherapeutic protein that restore functional articular cartilage. Likewise, malfunction of lubrication in damaged articular cartilage caused by complex and multifaceted matter is a major concern in the field of cartilage tissue engineering. Although a noticeable progress has been made toward cartilage tissue regeneration through numerous approaches such as autologous chondrocyte implantation, osteochondral grafts, and microfracture technique, the functionality of engineered cartilage is a challenge for complete reconstruction of cartilage. Thus, delicate modulation of lubricin along with cell/scaffold application will expand the research on cartilage tissue engineering. In this review, we will discuss the empirical analysis of lubricin from fundamental interpretation to the
Global Cartilage Repair/ Cartilage Regeneration Market Research Report 2016Global Cartilage Repair/ Cartilage Regeneration Market Research Report 2016
Production, means the output of Cartilage Repair/ Cartilage Regeneration Revenue, means the sales value of Cartilage Repair/ Cartilage Regeneration This report studies Cartilage Repair/ Cartilage Regeneration in Global market, especially in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India, focuses on top manufacturers in global market, with production, price, revenue and market share
Chemically modified glucosamine inhibits the release of proteoglycan in a model system of articular cartilage degradation ...Chemically modified glucosamine inhibits the release of proteoglycan in a model system of articular cartilage degradation ...
Chemically modified glucosamine inhibits the release of proteoglycan in a model system of articular cartilage degradation [Abstract]. International Journal of Experimental Pathology 90 (1) , A78-A79. 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00612.x ...
Development of 3D-Printed Cartilage Constructs and Their Non-Invasive Assessment by Synchrotron-Based Inline-Phase Contrast...Development of 3D-Printed Cartilage Constructs and Their Non-Invasive Assessment by Synchrotron-Based Inline-Phase Contrast...
One goal of cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) is to create constructs for regeneration of hyaline cartilage. Three-dimensional (3D)-printed cartilage constructs fabricated from polycaprolactone (PCL) and chondrocyte-impregnated alginate mimic the biphasic nature of articular cartilage and offers great promise for CTE applications. However, ensuring that these constructs provide biologically conducive environment and mechanical support for cellular activities and articular cartilage regeneration is still a challenge. That said, the regulatory pathway for medical device development requires validation of implants such as these through in vitro bench test and in vivo preclinical examination prior to their premarket approval. Furthermore, mechano-transduction and secretion of cartilage-specific ECM are influenced by mechanical stimuli directed at chondrocytes. Thus, ensuring that these cartilage constructs have mechanical properties similar to that of human articular cartilage is crucial to their ...
Joint laminate degradation assessed by reflected ultrasound from the cartilage surface and osteochondral junction. - The...Joint laminate degradation assessed by reflected ultrasound from the cartilage surface and osteochondral junction. - The...
The ability to quantify and qualify the progression of joint degeneration is becoming increasingly important in surgery. This paper examines the patterns of relative ultrasound reflection from normal, artificially and naturally degraded cartilage-on-bone, particularly investigating the potential of the ratio of reflection coefficients from the surface and osteochondral junction in distinguishing normal from osteoarthritic tissue. To this end, the reflection coefficients from the articular surface and osteochondral junction of normal cartilage-on-bone samples were calculated and compared to samples after the removal of proteoglycans, disruption of the collagen meshwork, delipidization of the articular surface and mechanical abrasion. Our results show that the large variation across normal and degraded joint samples negates the use of an isolated bone reflection measurement and to a lesser extent, an isolated surface reflection. The relative surface to bone reflections, calculated as a ratio of reflection
Knee Cartilage Repair Market 2019 - Global Key Leaders Analysis by Regional Forecast to 2026 - Elmira DailyKnee Cartilage Repair Market 2019 - Global Key Leaders Analysis by Regional Forecast to 2026 - Elmira Daily
Fortune Business Insights has stated that the Market in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa will emerge leading in the forecast period. North America is likely to exhibit the highest CAGR in the forecast period. Fortune Business Insights has profiled some of the leading companies that are operating in the global Knee Cartilage Repair Market.. The advent of digitalization has completely transformed the face of Knee Cartilage Repair Market. Increasing demand for simplified treatment options has led to the growth of the global Knee Cartilage Repair Market.. There has been an increasing need of protecting health information and other confidential data private organizations, hospitals, and other healthcare institutions. Incorporation of technologies such as cloud and Internet of Things (IoT) have boosted the global Knee Cartilage Repair Market and are likely to favour growth of the market in the forecast period.. Key questions answered in the Knee Cartilage ...
The repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defect using intra-articular administration of N -acetyl- d -glucosamine in...The repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defect using intra-articular administration of N -acetyl- d -glucosamine in...
Although various alterative models of therapy are used for cartilage repair, no definite conclusion has been reached. Glucosamine (GlcN) is widely used as a nutritional supplement. However, the clinical- evidence-based outcome of GlcN administration remains controversial. N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc), a derivative of GlcN, shows chondroprotective activity and mediates the activation of articular chondrocytes. Therefore, we investigated the effect of intra-articular administration of GlcNAc in rabbits knee joints with experimental full-thickness articular cartilage (FTAC) defects. Twelve male adult New Zealand white rabbits, providing 24 knees, were used in this study. FTAC defects were created in the high-weight-bearing area of the medial femoral condyles of bilateral knees. All rabbits were randomly allocated to analysis at postsurgical week 4 or postsurgical week 12. In the week 4 group, rabbits knees (six per group) were intra-articularly injected with normal saline or with GlcNAc twice per week
Hydrostatic pressure in articular cartilage tissue engineering: From chondrocytes to tissue regeneration<...Hydrostatic pressure in articular cartilage tissue engineering: From chondrocytes to tissue regeneration<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Hydrostatic pressure in articular cartilage tissue engineering. T2 - From chondrocytes to tissue regeneration. AU - Elder, Benjamin D.. AU - Athanasiou, Kyriacos A.. PY - 2009/3/1. Y1 - 2009/3/1. N2 - Cartilage has a poor intrinsic healing response, and neither the innate healing response nor current clinical treatments can restore its function. Therefore, articular cartilage tissue engineering is a promising approach for the regeneration of damaged tissue. Because cartilage is exposed to mechanical forces during joint loading, many tissue engineering strategies use exogenous stimuli to enhance the biochemical or biomechanical properties of the engineered tissue. Hydrostatic pressure (HP) is emerging as arguably one of the most important mechanical stimuli for cartilage, although no optimal treatment has been established across all culture systems. Therefore, this review evaluates prior studies on articular cartilage involving the use of HP, with a particular emphasis on the ...
Effectiveness and limitations of autologous osteochondral grafting for the treatment of articular cartilage defects in the kneeEffectiveness and limitations of autologous osteochondral grafting for the treatment of articular cartilage defects in the knee
Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of autologous osteochondral grafting for the treatment of articular cartilage defects in the knee. Methods: The subjects were 40 patients who had undergone autologous osteochondral grafting. Fifteen knees had cartilage defects combined with anterior cruciate ligament tears (ACL group), 15 knees had cartilage defects combined with osteoarthritis (OA group), and 10 knees had cartilage defects combined with osteochondral dissecans (OCD group). From one to five osteochondral pegs were harvested from the less-weight-bearing periphery of the articular surface of the femoral condyle and grafted to cartilage defects. The clinical results were assessed based on the Lysholm score and radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image assessment. Results: The median follow-up duration was 24 months (range from 12 to 41 months). The mean Lysholm score following treatment was improved in all groups. The patients who had cartilage defects combined ...
Articular cartilage tissue engineering with plasma-rich in growth factors and stem cells with nano scaffolds | (2016) |...Articular cartilage tissue engineering with plasma-rich in growth factors and stem cells with nano scaffolds | (2016) |...
The ability to heal soft tissue injuries and regenerate cartilage is the Holy Grail of musculoskeletal medicine. Articular cartilage repair and regeneration is considered to be largely intractable due to the poor regenerative properties of this tissue. Due to their low self-repair ability, cartilage defects that result from joint injury, aging, or osteoarthritis, are the most often irreversible and are a major cause of joint pain and chronic disability. However, current methods do not perfectly restore hyaline cartilage and may lead to the apparition of fibro- or continue hypertrophic cartilage. The lack of efficient modalities of treatment has prompted research into tissue engineering combining stem cells, scaffold materials and environmental factors. The field of articular cartilage tissue engineering, which aims to repair, regenerate, and/or improve injured or diseased cartilage functionality, has evoked intense interest and holds great potential for improving cartilage therapy. Plasma-rich ...
Frictional response of articular cartilage containing crystals<...Frictional response of articular cartilage containing crystals<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Frictional response of articular cartilage containing crystals. AU - Clift, Sally E. AU - Harris, B. AU - Dieppe, P A. AU - Hayes, A. PY - 1989. Y1 - 1989. N2 - Many joint diseases are associated with the deposition of crystals in articular cartilage. Three main types are commonly found: calcium pyrophosphate, calcium hydroxyapatite and monosodium urate. The effects of these articular crystals on the frictional properties and the surface condition of the articular cartilage were studied. A total of 43 cartilage specimens cut from 19 post-mortem knee joints have been tested in purpose-designed apparatus. The results show that a high friction coefficient and a high level of crystal deposition tend to occur with a worsening of the surface quality of the articular cartilage. AB - Many joint diseases are associated with the deposition of crystals in articular cartilage. Three main types are commonly found: calcium pyrophosphate, calcium hydroxyapatite and monosodium urate. The effects ...
PLOS ONE: Collagen Metabolism of Human Osteoarthritic Articular Cartilage as Modulated by Bovine Collagen HydrolysatesPLOS ONE: Collagen Metabolism of Human Osteoarthritic Articular Cartilage as Modulated by Bovine Collagen Hydrolysates
Destruction of articular cartilage is a characteristic feature of osteoarthritis (OA). Collagen hydrolysates are mixtures of collagen peptides and have gained huge public attention as nutriceuticals used for prophylaxis of OA. Here, we evaluated for the first time whether different bovine collagen hydrolysate preparations indeed modulate the metabolism of collagen and proteoglycans from human OA cartilage explants and determined the chemical composition of oligopeptides representing collagen fragments. Using biophysical techniques, like MALDI-TOF-MS, AFM, and NMR, the molecular weight distribution and aggregation behavior of collagen hydrolysates from bovine origin (CH-Alpha®, Peptan™ B 5000, Peptan™ B 2000) were determined. To investigate the metabolism of human femoral OA cartilage, explants were obtained during knee replacement surgery. Collagen synthesis of explants as modulated by 0-10 mg/ml collagen hydrolysates was determined using a novel dual radiolabeling procedure. Proteoglycans, NO,
Microstructural and Compositional Features of the Fibrous and Hyaline Cartilage on the Medial Tibial Plateau Imply a Unique...Microstructural and Compositional Features of the Fibrous and Hyaline Cartilage on the Medial Tibial Plateau Imply a Unique...
Hopping provides efficient and energy saving locomotion for kangaroos, but it results in great forces in the knee joints. A previous study has suggested that a unique fibrous cartilage in the central region of the tibial cartilage could serve to decrease the peak stresses generated within kangaroo tibiofemoral joints. However, the influences of the microstructure, composition and mechanical properties of the central fibrous and peripheral hyaline cartilage on the function of the knee joints are still to be defined. The present study showed that the fibrous cartilage was thicker and had a lower chondrocyte density than the hyaline cartilage. Despite having a higher PG content in the middle and deep zones, the fibrous cartilage had an inferior compressive strength compared to the peripheral hyaline cartilage. The fibrous cartilage had a complex three dimensional collagen meshwork with collagen bundles parallel to the surface in the superficial zone, and with collagen bundles both parallel and ...
Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on proteoglycan biosynthesis of articular cartilage is age dependent | Annals of the...Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on proteoglycan biosynthesis of articular cartilage is age dependent | Annals of the...
Objective: To investigate the effects of a pulsed electromagnetic field (EMF) on articular cartilage matrix biosynthesis with regard to age and cartilage damage using a matrix depleted cartilage explant model.. Methods: Cartilage explants were obtained from metacarpophalangeal joints of calves and adult cows. After depletion of the extracellular matrix by trypsin digestion, samples were maintained in serum-free basal medium with and without the addition of interleukin 1β (IL1β). Half the samples were subjected to an EMF for 24 minutes daily; the other half were left untreated. Undigested and untreated explants served as negative controls. After 7 days, biosynthesis of matrix macromolecules was assessed by [35S]sulphate incorporation and values were normalised to hydroxyproline content.. Results: The EMF increased matrix macromolecule synthesis in undigested, untreated explants (p,0.009). In matrix depleted samples the EMF had no stimulatory effect on proteoglycan biosynthesis. IL1β ...
Evaluation of CD98 Expression in Normal and Osteoarthritic Human Articular ChondrocytesEvaluation of CD98 Expression in Normal and Osteoarthritic Human Articular Chondrocytes
Background: Recent studies have provided evidence that integrins play roles in recognition of mechanical stimuli and its translation into a cellular response. Integrin signaling may be regulated by a number of mechanisms including accessory proteins such as CD98 (4F2 antigen). Objectives: To determine CD98 expression by human articular chondrocytes and its involvement in human articular mechanotransduction. Methods: CD98 expression was assessed by immunostaining of cryostat sections of snap frozen articular cartilage and in cultured cells by western blotting. Chondrocytes enzymatically isolated from macroscopically normal and osteoarthritic (OA) articular cartilage were grown in short term, primary monolayer culture and used in a resting state or following mechanical stimulation at 0.33Hz. Results: Human articular chondrocytes express CD98 and immunoreactivity revealed a similar heterogeneous pattern of CD98 in both normal and osteoarthritic (OA) human articular cartilage. No role of CD98 was detected
Prevalence of Articular Cartilage Lesions and Surgical Clinical Outcomes in Football (Soccer) Players Knees: A Systematic...Prevalence of Articular Cartilage Lesions and Surgical Clinical Outcomes in Football (Soccer) Players' Knees: A Systematic...
Purpose: To systematize the available scientific literature on the prevalence of articular cartilage and/or osteo- chondral lesions in football (soccer) players knees, and overview the surgical procedures and functional outcomes and return to sports. Methods: A comprehensive search using Pubmed, Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL databases was carried out until September 30, 2015. All English language studies that assessed the outcomes of a surgical technique for the treatment of articular cartilage lesions in football players knees, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months, were included. The reference list of the most relevant papers was screened. The main outcomes of interest were the clinical, arthroscopy or imaging primary outcomes and the return to sports rate. The methodological and reporting qualities were assessed according to Coleman methodology score. Results: The search provided 485 titles and abstracts. Five studies were eligible for inclusion (mean Coleman score of 37.2 ...
Cartilage Restoration Procedures - Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation - Mark W. Maffet, M.D.Cartilage Restoration Procedures - Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation - Mark W. Maffet, M.D.
ACI or autologous chondrocyte implantation is one way to biologically restore more normal functioning acticular cartilage tissue. In the picture above, there is a full thickness, large osteochondral defect in this case of the lateral femoral condyle. You can see the defect hematoma that develops which will lead to the development of scar cartilage. This is the bodys normal attempt to heal this injury, but we know that scar cartilage doesnt function like normal hyaline cartilage and will not last. ACI procedure will attempt to replace this scar cartilage with the patients own articular cartilage cells that have been grown in the lab. The following sequence of pictures will show steps of the procedure. Click image for larger view.. #gallery-1 { margin: auto; } #gallery-1 .gallery-item { float: left; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; width: 50%; } #gallery-1 img { border: 2px solid #cfcfcf; } #gallery-1 .gallery-caption { margin-left: 0; } /* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes/media.php ...
Decreased birefringence of the superficial zone collagen network in the canine knee (stifle) articular cartilage after long...Decreased birefringence of the superficial zone collagen network in the canine knee (stifle) articular cartilage after long...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a one year programme of running training (up to 40 km/day for 15 weeks) on the spatial orientation pattern of collagen and glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage in different parts of the knee (stifle) and shoulder joints of young beagle dogs. METHODS: Area specific measurements of the optical path difference (= retardation, gamma) and the cartilage zone thickness were performed using conventional procedures and a new computer based quantitative polarised light microscopy method. Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the zonal volume density of collagen fibrils. The concentrations of collagen and hydroxypyridinium crosslinks were investigated biochemically. RESULTS: Running training decreased gamma by 24-34% (p , 0.05) in the superficial zone of the lateral femoral condyle articular cartilage and at the centre of the tibial condyles. Gamma of glycosaminoglycans decreased by 26% (p , 0.05) in the superficial zone of the lateral condyle ...
An in Situ Dual Indentation and Optimization Method to Determine Mechanical Properties of Articular Cartilage | ASME 2007...An in Situ Dual Indentation and Optimization Method to Determine Mechanical Properties of Articular Cartilage | ASME 2007...
The efficacy of the biphasic poroviscoelastic (BPVE) theory [1] in constitutive modeling of articular cartilage biomechanics is well-established [2-4]. Indeed, this model has been used to simultaneously predict stress relaxation force across confined compression, unconfined compression, and indentation protocols [2,3]. Previous works have also demonstrated success in simultaneously curve-fitting the BPVE model to reaction force and lateral deformation data gathered from stress relaxation tests of articular cartilage in unconfined compression [4]. However, a potential limitation of practical applications of such a successful model is seen in some commonly-employed mechanical testing methods for articular cartilage, such as confined compression and unconfined compression. These methods require the excision of a disk of cartilage from its underlying subchondral base, which likely would compromise the structural integrity of the tissue, causing swelling and curling artifacts of the sample [5]. ...
Cartilage Injuries can be a Pain in the Knee - Vermont Sports MagazineCartilage Injuries can be a Pain in the Knee - Vermont Sports Magazine
By Nathan K. Endres, MD. Chances are, anyone reading this right now has dealt with knee pain. Whether youre a skier, boarder, climber, hiker, runner, biker or maybe even a paddler - most of us have had a knee problem at some point.. Some knee problems seem to get better and go away, while others can linger and interfere with activities and, sometimes, just daily life.. There are lots of causes of knee pain. One of the most common causes is articular cartilage damage. Articular cartilage is a specialized tissue made up of water, collagen and cells (chondrocytes) surrounded by a matrix. Cartilage is the bearing surface of any joint. Normal cartilage provides a nearly frictionless interface to allow for smooth motion.. In the knee, cartilage covers the end of the femur (thigh bone), the top of the tibia (shin bone) and the back of the patella (knee cap). Normally, cartilage looks white and shiny - like the inside of a coconut, or a cue ball. It is good at resisting compression, but not as good at ...
Lubricin binds cartilage … - Göteborgs universitetLubricin binds cartilage … - Göteborgs universitet
Lubricin, a heavily O-glycosylated protein, is essential for boundary lubrication of articular cartilage. Strong surface adherence of lubricin is required given the extreme force it must withstand. Disulfide bound complexes of lubricin and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) have recently been identified in arthritic synovial fluid suggesting they may be lost from the cartilage surface in osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis. This investigation was undertaken to localise COMP-lubricin complexes within cartilage and investigate if other cartilage proteins are involved in anchoring lubricin to the joint. Immunohistochemical analysis of human cartilage biopsies showed lubricin and COMP co-localise to the cartilage surface. COMP knockout mice, however, presented with a lubricin layer on the articular cartilage leading to the further investigation of additional lubricin binding mechanisms. Proximity ligation assays (PLA) on human cartilage biopsies was used to localise additional lubricin ...
Studies of articular cartilage macromolecules in the equine middle carpal joint, in joint pathology and training - Epsilon...Studies of articular cartilage macromolecules in the equine middle carpal joint, in joint pathology and training - Epsilon...
Lameness caused by osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common reason for failure to race among horses. Degenerative changes to the articular cartilage are commonly seen often with subchondral bone sclerosis. Cartilage is a connective tissue with tensile strength and resilience, consisting of cells and abundant extracellular matrix. The cells are adapting the matrix to environmental conditions by synthesis and degradation of the matrix structural elements. A change in the concentration of macromolecules in synovial fluid and serum can indicate early biochemical changes in the joint. This provides a tool for research into and monitoring pathogenic mechanisms of OA. The content of COMP, aggrecan and collagen type II was measured in serum and synovial fluid (sf) from trotters and riding horses with either normal joints or joints with different stages of cartilage pathology. The trotters with a training background and cartilage degeneration had low concentrations of COMP and aggrecan in synovial fluid ...
The characterization of versican and its message in human articular cartilage and intervertebral disc<...The characterization of versican and its message in human articular cartilage and intervertebral disc<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The characterization of versican and its message in human articular cartilage and intervertebral disc. AU - Sztrolovics, Robert. AU - Grover, Judy. AU - Cs-Szabo, Gabriella. AU - Shi, Shui Liang. AU - Zhang, Yiping. AU - Mort, John S.. AU - Roughley, Peter J.. PY - 2002. Y1 - 2002. N2 - Splicing variation of the versican message and size heterogeneity of the versican core protein were analyzed in human articular cartilage and intervertebral disc. Splicing variation of the message was studied by PCR analysis to detect the presence or absence of exons 7 and 8, which encode large chondroitin sulfate attachment regions. At all ages in normal cartilage from the third trimester fetus to the mature adult, the presence of the versican isoform possessing exon 8 but not exon 7 (V1) could be readily detected. The message isoforms possessing neither exon 7 nor 8 (V3) or both exons 7 and 8 (V0) were only detectable in the fetus, and the isoform possessing only exon 7 (V2) was never detected. ...
Pure cartilage-based repair modalities of focal cartilage lesions<...Pure cartilage-based repair modalities of focal cartilage lesions<...
TY - CHAP. T1 - Pure cartilage-based repair modalities of focal cartilage lesions. AU - Bárdos, T.. PY - 2013/6/1. Y1 - 2013/6/1. N2 - Focal cartilage lesions in diarthrodial joints have a limited capacity to heal, and repair techniques used at present are still unable to provide a universal solution. Osteochondral auto- and allografts are accepted and successful methods for the treatment of these lesions, but occasionally the osseal incorporation is delayed or insufficient and graft integration might be unsuccessful. Failure at this level generates a large osseos crater and the consequences can prove challenging. Until just a few years ago, it was a generally accepted dogma that when cartilage is detached from the subchondral bone it would fail to reintegrate to its bed and its surrounding cartilage. Recently, innovative approaches have been established to repair cartilage defects using pure cartilage-based implants, and so far they seem to have had considerable success. One of the available ...
Imaging of immature articular cartilage using ultrasound backscatter microscopy at 50 MHz<...Imaging of immature articular cartilage using ultrasound backscatter microscopy at 50 MHz<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Imaging of immature articular cartilage using ultrasound backscatter microscopy at 50 MHz. AU - Kim, H. K W. AU - Babyn, P. S.. AU - Harasiewicz, K. A.. AU - Gahunia, H. K.. AU - Pritzker, K. P H. AU - Foster, F. S.. PY - 1995/11. Y1 - 1995/11. N2 - A high frequency sonographic technique-ultrasound backscatter microscopy-was used to visualize the subsurface structure of immature porcine articular cartilage from the knee joint. In 20‐week‐old pigs, all parts that were scanned, except the weight‐bearing regions of the femoral condyles, demonstrated heterogeneous ultrasound backscatter characteristics within the articular cartilage. A trilaminar pattern consisting of hypoechoic, hyperechoic, and anechoic layers ranging from superficial to deep generally was observed, except in the weight‐bearing regions of the femoral condyles, where a homogeneous anechoic pattern was seen. In the younger pigs (6 and 10 weeks old), the trilaminar backscatter pattern was not observed. Small, ...
SOX9 expression does not correlate with type II collagen expression in adult articular chondrocytes. - UEA Digital RepositorySOX9 expression does not correlate with type II collagen expression in adult articular chondrocytes. - UEA Digital Repository
Aigner, Thomas, Gebhard, Pia Margarethe, Schmid, Erik, Bau, Brigitte, Harley, Vincent and Poschl, Ernst (2003) SOX9 expression does not correlate with type II collagen expression in adult articular chondrocytes. Matrix Biology, 22 (4). pp. 363-372. ISSN 1569-1802 Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy ...
Microfracture Surgery Louisville | Articular Cartilage Repair KentuckyMicrofracture Surgery Louisville | Articular Cartilage Repair Kentucky
Microfracture surgery is used to repair articular cartilage damage in the knee, is performed by Andrew L DeGruccio in Louisville, Kentucky.
Cartilage Lesions Austin, Texas | Articular Cartilage Injury Austin, TexasCartilage Lesions Austin, Texas | Articular Cartilage Injury Austin, Texas
Cartilage lesions are common injury and mostly affect the articular cartilage. Cartilage lesions treatment is offered at Texas Institute for Hip & Knee Surgery in Austin, Texas.
Cartilage Transplant | Joint-surgeon.comCartilage Transplant | Joint-surgeon.com
There are many causes for painful worn cartilage in the knee joint: arthritis, arthrosis, traumas with bone- or cartilage lesions or metabolic disorders like gout or hemochromatosis. © bilderzwerg @ fotolia. Osteoarthritis (worn cartilage) is the most common joint condition. The most common form of osteoarthritis is osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis of the knee causes chronic pain and limits movement. The cartilage in the knee wears away over many years. Since the cartilage has no sensitive nerve endings (pain sensors), damage is only noticed when the defects already affect the bone beneath the cartilage.. A cartilage transplant, or cartilage cell or chondrocyte transplant, is a new surgical procedure: in which cartilage damage is repaired using cartilage cells from the patients own body. Few knee specialists in Germany successfully perform this procedure. Dr Baum was the first physician in the world to perform an entirely arthroscopic cartilage transplant of the knee. He co-developed ...
Expression and regulation of Toll-like receptor 2 by IL-1β and fibronectin fragments in human articular chondrocytes<...Expression and regulation of Toll-like receptor 2 by IL-1β and fibronectin fragments in human articular chondrocytes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Expression and regulation of Toll-like receptor 2 by IL-1β and fibronectin fragments in human articular chondrocytes. AU - Su, S. L.. AU - Tsai, C. D.. AU - Lee, C. H.. AU - Salter, D. M.. AU - Lee, Herng Sheng. PY - 2005/10. Y1 - 2005/10. N2 - Objective: The objective of this study was to examine expression and regulation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in human articular chondrocytes. Methods: Human articular chondrocytes were enzymatically isolated from normal and osteoarthritic knee cartilage. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to assess the expression of toll-like receptors. Following stimulation of chondrocytes in vitro by IL-1β and fibronectin proteolytic fragments, the relative levels of mRNA for TLR2 were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. MyD88 activation and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation were evaluated by immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, ...
cartilage types and functionscartilage types and functions
This causes it to heal very slowly. So, you can find hyaline cartilage in the larynx and trachea in the throat portion of the body, and then also in all of the joints where the surfaces of bones are articulating each other. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue found in the body. It has a capacity for rapid interstitial and appositional growth in young and growing tissues. Three types of cartilage(hyaline cartilage, white fibrocartilage, and yellow elastic cartilage) can be distinguished on the basis of the composition and structure of their extracellular matrices, but many features of the cells and matrix are common to all three types, and these features will be considered first. This smooth, transparent, glassy type of cartilage coats the ends … This cartilage is of three types as. Articular cartilage is a physiologically non-self-renewing avascular tissue with a singular cell type, the chondrocyte, which functions as the load-bearing surface of the arthrodial joint. Cartilage is a ...
Bio-inspired hydrogel composed of hyaluronic acid and alginate as a potential bioink for 3D bioprinting of articular cartilage...Bio-inspired hydrogel composed of hyaluronic acid and alginate as a potential bioink for 3D bioprinting of articular cartilage...
Bioprinting is a promising tool to fabricate well-organized cell-laden constructs for repair and regener- ation of articular cartilage. The selection of a suitable bioink, in terms of composition and mechanical properties, is crucial for the development of viable cartilage substitutes. In this study, we focused on the use of one of the main cartilage components, hyaluronic acid (HA), to design and formulate a new bioink for cartilage tissue 3D bioprinting. Major characteristics required for this application such as printabil- ity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability were analyzed. To produce cartilage constructs with optimal mechanical properties, HA-based bioink was co-printed with polylactic acid (PLA). HA-based bioink was found to improve cell functionality by an increase in the expression of chondrogenic gene markers and specific matrix deposition and, therefore, tissue formation. These results indicate that it is a promising bioink candidate for cartilage tissue engineering based in 3D ...
THE USE OF MIDKINE PROTEIN AND THE PROTEIN-CONTAINING MEDICAL DEVICE - Patent applicationTHE USE OF MIDKINE PROTEIN AND THE PROTEIN-CONTAINING MEDICAL DEVICE - Patent application
0078] The histology of knee cartilage samples taken at different time points was analyzed to observe the repair role of rhMK revealed temporally (FIG. 2). rhMK was shown promoting the repair of rabbit knee full-thickness injuries with regenerated chondrocytes 2 weeks (FIGS. 2 A and B), 4 weeks (FIGS. 2 C and D), and 12 weeks (FIGS. 2 E and F) after the knee surgical operation creating the damage model. The rectangle in FIG. 2 A, C and E marks the areas which are enlarged and shown in FIG. 2 B, D and F, respectively. In Figure A and C, arrow points to the chondrocytes which are growing into the injury site. At 2 weeks after the surgery, although the central area of injury was filled with fibrous cells, incomplete hyaline cartilage layer appeared forming the cylindrical repair cartilage layer (FIG. 2A). The new cartilage layer contained the typical chondrocytes which resided in clusters in specific cartilage lacuna (FIG. 2B). At 4 weeks after the surgery, the complete cylindrical repair cartilage ...
Role of chondrocyte apoptosis in the pathogenesis of equine osteoarthr by Dae Young Kim"Role of chondrocyte apoptosis in the pathogenesis of equine osteoarthr" by Dae Young Kim
Osteoarthritis (OA), a non-inflammatory, degenerative disease of articular cartilages, is a common cause of poor performance and early retirement in equine athletes. Pathologically, OA is characterized by matrix degradation and decreased chondrocyte numbers. A mechanical stress is believed to be the major etiologic factor of OA development. Recent studies have indicated that apoptosis is responsible for hypocellularity in OA cartilage and that chondrocyte death by apoptosis could directly contribute to matrix degradation. Increased nitric oxide (NO), a free radical, has been implicated as a cause of chondrocyte apoptosis. No studies, however, have been performed on chondrocyte apoptosis in equine OA. We investigated chondrocyte apoptosis in equine OA cartilage and its relationship to matrix degradation and NO production. Furthermore, we studied whether mechanical stress could induce chondrocyte apoptosis and how NO production and Bcl-2 and caspase-3 proteins contribute to chondrocyte apoptosis by using
CMU Intellectual Repository: การเกิดโรคข้อเข่าเสื่อมในสุนัขที่เป็นโรคสะบ้าเคลื่อนCMU Intellectual Repository: การเกิดโรคข้อเข่าเสื่อมในสุนัขที่เป็นโรคสะบ้าเคลื่อน
Patellar luxations contribute to cartilage erosion which can be developing to cartilage degradation. This research divided to 2 studies. The objectives of the first study were to prevalence of cartilage erosion in dogs with patellar luxation and relation between cartilage erosion and severity of patellar luxation. Sixty dogs with patellar luxation, 48.65% was grade III patellar luxation and 35.14 was grade IV patellar luxation. There was a relation between cartilage erosion and severity of patellar luxation. In second study, the objective was to study of gene expression of osteoarthritis in articular cartilage from dogs with patellar luxation. 34 dogs divided into 4 groups, group 1 was dogs with normal articular cartilage (Nor) (n=5), group 2 stifle osteoarthritic dogs (OA) (n=13), group 3 was dogs with patellar luxation and not found cartilage erosion (PL) (n=6), and group 4 was dogs with patellar luxation and found cartilage erosion (PLCE) (n=10). HAS-1, HAS-2, COL2A1, MMP-3, IL-1, AGG-1 and ...
Sensate Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage RepairSensate Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Repair
Polymer scaffold use has become commonplace in tissue engineering strategies. Scaffolds provide sturdy interfaces that securely anchor tissue engineered constructs to their designated locations. Researchers have used scaffolds to provide support to developing tissues as well as a growth template to aid the development of the desired phenotypic structure. In addition to using scaffolds for their mechanical support, scaffolds can be used as a diagnostic tool by attaching sensors. Strain gauge sensors have been attached to scaffolds to monitor compression and elongation. These polybutylterphalate (PBT) scaffolds were used in a cartilage tissue-engineering project for femoral cartilage repair. The aim of this project was to measure native cartilage pressure in normal canine stifle joints using strain gauge scaffolds. By using pressure sensitive films to confirm joint surface pressures determined with strain gauge measurements, "sensate" scaffolds were created to be able to provide in vivo joint ...
Impact of exercise on articular cartilage in people at risk of, or with established, knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review...Impact of exercise on articular cartilage in people at risk of, or with established, knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review...
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease and a major cause of disability and pain.1 The OA prevalence has doubled since the mid-20th century2 with an expected higher incidence in the future.3 The annual total medical cost per person suffering from OA is on average €11 100.4 Articular cartilage breakdown is the hallmark of OA, with aggrecan loss being an early sign of tissue degeneration. Many factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), knee injury, inflammation, sex and family history independently, and as a result of their interaction, contribute to its development and progression.5 6 For example, approximately every second major knee injury from sports results in OA 10-15 years later,7-9 and it has been estimated that at least 12% of the total burden of knee OA originates from knee injury.10 Hypothetically, interventions targeting younger patients at increased risk of OA (eg, following sports injury), or in the early stages of the disease, increase the chances of slowing ...
Mechanical and biochemical mapping of human auricular cartilage for reliable assessment of tissue-engineered constructs -...Mechanical and biochemical mapping of human auricular cartilage for reliable assessment of tissue-engineered constructs -...
It is key for successful auricular (AUR) cartilage tissue-engineering (TE) to ensure that the engineered cartilage mimics the mechanics of the native tissue. This study provides a spatial map of the mechanical and biochemical properties of human auricular cartilage, thus establishing a benchmark for the evaluation of functional competency in AUR cartilage TE. Stress-relaxation indentation (instantaneous modulus, Ein; maximum stress, σmax; equilibrium modulus, Eeq; relaxation half-life time, t1/2; thickness, h) and biochemical parameters (content of DNA; sulfated-glycosaminoglycan, sGAG; hydroxyproline, HYP; elastin, ELN) of fresh human AUR cartilage were evaluated. Samples were categorized into age groups and according to their harvesting region in the human auricle (for AUR cartilage only). AUR cartilage displayed significantly lower Ein, σmax, Eeq, sGAG content; and significantly higher t1/2, and DNA content than NAS cartilage. Large amounts of ELN were measured in AUR cartilage (,15% ELN ...
Unscramble cartilages | Words unscrambled from letters cartilages | Scrabble Word cartilages | Words Made with the Letters...Unscramble cartilages | Words unscrambled from letters cartilages | Scrabble Word cartilages | Words Made with the Letters...
Unscramble cartilages, Unscramble letters cartilages, Point value for cartilages, Word Decoder for cartilages, Word generator using the letters cartilages, Word Solver cartilages, Possible Scrabble words with cartilages, Anagram of cartilages
Effects of electro-acupuncture on oestrogen levels, body weight, articular cartilage histology and MMP-13 expression in...Effects of electro-acupuncture on oestrogen levels, body weight, articular cartilage histology and MMP-13 expression in...
Our findings show that OVX-induced cessation of endogenous oestrogen production influenced the integrity and morphology of articular cartilage, and EA and ERT prevented the further incidence of cartilage surface erosion in OVX rabbits. Furthermore, EA increased the OVX-induced reduction in serum oestrogens levels while decreasing MMP-13 mRNA and protein levels in OVX rabbits. In addition, the body weight of the rabbits decreased after acupuncture. All of these findings suggest that EA could exert chondroprotective effects by increasing oestrogen levels, inhibiting the production of MMP-13 and reducing body weight.. Studies have shown that OVX cynomolgus monkeys and OVX rats can be used to model postmenopausal OA, which presents OA-like pathological changes.5 ,28 The results are consistent with the results of our study. Several experimental studies have clearly shown that oestrogen increases cartilage turnover and surface erosion through complex molecular mechanisms on multiple levels. In studies ...
1316 - The Effect of Lubricin-Mimetics on Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in a Rat Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection Model |...1316 - The Effect of Lubricin-Mimetics on Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in a Rat Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection Model |...
INTRODUCTION: Lubricin, one of the main lubricating constituents of synovial fluid, has been targeted as a prospective therapeutic option to inhibit the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) [1]. Prior in vitro studies have shown lubricin to reduce frictional forces at articular cartilage surfaces by as much as 70% [2]. Numerous analogues of this glycoprotein have been
Differential allelic expression of the type II collagen gene (COL2A1) in osteoarthritic cartilage. - Oxford Clinical Trials...Differential allelic expression of the type II collagen gene (COL2A1) in osteoarthritic cartilage. - Oxford Clinical Trials...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common debilitating disease resulting from the degeneration of articular cartilage. The major protein of cartilage is type II collagen, which is encoded by the COL2A1 gene. Mutations at this locus have been discovered in several individuals with inherited disorders of cartilage. We have identified 27 primary OA patients who are heterozygous for sequence dimorphisms located in the coding region of COL2A1. These dimorphisms were used to distinguish the mRNA output from each of the two COL2A1 alleles in articular cartilage obtained from each patient. Three patients demonstrated differential allelic expression and produced | 12% of the normal level of mRNA from one of their COL2A1 alleles. The same allele shows reduced expression in all three patients, and this allele is more frequent in a well-defined OA population than in a control group, suggesting the possible existence of a rare COL2A1 allele that predisposes to OA.
Radiographic joint space narrowing and histologic changes in a rabbit meniscectomy model of early knee osteoarthrosisRadiographic joint space narrowing and histologic changes in a rabbit meniscectomy model of early knee osteoarthrosis
Post-traumatic osteoarthrosis develops after intraarticular injuries. It is a disease, which affects both articular cartilage and subchondral bone, and progresses over 10-20 years. Irreversible damage has often occurred by the time clinical diagnosis is possible. More knowledge about the early phase of the disease might yield measures to detect and delay or even prevent progression. This thesis evaluates changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone at an early stage of post-traumatic osteoarthrosis.. Simultaneous changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone were evaluated 3 to 40 weeks post-operatively in a rabbit meniscectomy model for post-traumatic osteoarthrosis. Rabbits were meniscectomized in the right knee and sham-operated in the left knee. Osteoarthrotic cartilage changes were evaluated by histology. Changes in the subchondral bone were evaluated by histology, scintimetry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Joint space narrowing, and its utility as diagnostic tool ...
Cellular Therapy Chicago, IL | Articular Cartilage Injuries Arlington Heights, IL | Ligament InjuriesCellular Therapy Chicago, IL | Articular Cartilage Injuries Arlington Heights, IL | Ligament Injuries
Dr Michael Chiu in Arlington Heights, Highland Park and Chicago, IL offers orthobiologics to treat articular cartilage injuries, early osteoarthritis, ligament injuries and tendon injuries.
The Use of Hypothermically Stored Amniotic Membrane for Cartilage Repair: A Sheep StudyThe Use of Hypothermically Stored Amniotic Membrane for Cartilage Repair: A Sheep Study
Objective: To evaluate the use of hypothermically stored human amniotic membrane for cartilage repair in adult sheep. Studies show that human amniotic membrane contains pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells that can be influenced to produce chondrocytes. It is unknown if human amniotic cells can produce hyaline-like cartilage. This study evaluates the use of hypothermically stored amniotic membrane (HSAM) to fill chondral defects in a sheep model. We hypothesized HSAM would fill defects with hyaline-like cartilage with chondrocytes populating the matrix. One sheep was used as a control, and four sheep received amniotic membrane. Two of these sheep were used as a normal control comparison. A 1 cm2 defect was created on the trochlear grove in all specimens. Each membrane was sized and laid over with the stromal layer facing the subchondral bone and covered with Fibrin sealant. The knees were harvested at five months and underwent morphological, histological, and immunohistological evaluation based on the
Agrin mediates chondrocyte homeostasis and requires both LRP4 and α-dystroglycan to enhance cartilage formation in vitro and in...Agrin mediates chondrocyte homeostasis and requires both LRP4 and α-dystroglycan to enhance cartilage formation in vitro and in...
Objectives Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability for which there is no cure. The identification of molecules supporting cartilage homeostasis and regeneration is therefore a major pursuit in musculoskeletal medicine. Agrin is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan which, through binding to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4), is required for neuromuscular synapse formation. In other tissues, it connects the cytoskeleton to the basement membrane through binding to α-dystroglycan. Prompted by an unexpected expression pattern, we investigated the role and receptor usage of agrin in cartilage. Methods Agrin expression pattern was investigated in human osteoarthritic cartilage and following destabilisation of the medial meniscus in mice. Extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and chondrocyte differentiation was studied in gain and loss of function experiments in vitro in three-dimensional cultures and gain of function in vivo, using an ectopic cartilage formation assay in ...
Engineering Patient Specific Articular Cartilage Tissues With Induced Pluripotent Stem CellsEngineering Patient Specific Articular Cartilage Tissues With Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
A team of Duke Medicine researchers, used induced pluripotent stem cells to successfully engineer cartilage for use in tissue repair and studies into damaged cartilage, cartilage injury, and osteoarthritis.
Full Thickness Cartilage Defects are More Predictive of Future Total Knee Arthroplasty than Osteoarthritis (OA) Grade in Older...Full Thickness Cartilage Defects are More Predictive of Future Total Knee Arthroplasty than Osteoarthritis (OA) Grade in Older...
903 Full Thickness Cartilage Defects are More Predictive of Future Total Knee Arthroplasty than Osteoarthritis (OA) Grade in Older Adults with Minimal to Moderate OA: Data from the OA Initiative ...
Cartilage end plates in neuronsCartilage end plates in neurons
Cartilage is a specialized, fibrous connective tissue that has the consistency of a firm plastic or gristle-like gel, bone is a highly specialized connective tissue whose matrix is hard and calcified. Nov 22, · A selective repellent of SP- and CGRP-positive sensory nerve fibers is semaphorin (Sema)3A, which, besides being expressed in neuronal tissues, is expressed in developing cartilage and bone [38], in intervertebral discs [39] and recently was even found in adult articular cartilage [40].Cited by: Start studying Week 3 Anatomy: Connective tissue, Muscle, Bones and Cartilage, Neurons, Skin histology, stains. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards. the process of gradually replacing cartilage with bone. cells that maintain minerals in the bone tissue and continue to strengthen the bone as it grows. growth plates. cartilage that grows and lengthens the bone. osteoclasts. cells that break down bone to release minerals receive impulse from environment or other neurons. axons. long. ...
Össur partners with the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) for first global Patient RegistryÖssur partners with the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) for first global Patient Registry
A Global leader in orthopaedics, Össur employs the smartest minds and the most advanced technologies to help keep people mobile.
Kevin R. StoneKevin R. Stone
ArthritisArthritis
Eirik SolheimEirik Solheim
Immune privilegeImmune privilege
Extreme sportExtreme sport
ChondropathyChondropathy
DecorinDecorin
Hyaluronic acidHyaluronic acid
BiglycanBiglycan
Microfracture surgeryMicrofracture surgery
LumicanLumican
Lori Ann SettonLori Ann Setton
Nicholas A. PeppasNicholas A. Peppas
OsteoarthritisOsteoarthritis
AsporinAsporin
Scaphoid boneScaphoid bone
MechanotransductionMechanotransduction
Tear of meniscusTear of meniscus
Basic fibroblast growth factorBasic fibroblast growth factor
EpiphysisEpiphysis
Long boneLong bone
HypophosphatasiaHypophosphatasia
BiomineralizationBiomineralization
PKC alphaPKC alpha
Kashin-Beck diseaseKashin-Beck disease
Receptor for activated C kinase 1Receptor for activated C kinase 1
Synovial jointSynovial joint
HyalineHyaline
Asporin - ويكيبيدياAsporin - ويكيبيديا
Category:Mid-importance Anatomy articlesCategory:Mid-importance Anatomy articles
Ossicles - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaOssicles - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
ReptileReptile
Knee cartilage replacement therapyKnee cartilage replacement therapy
InjuryInjury
RibRib
AutophagyAutophagy
Ankle replacementAnkle replacement
Type IV hypersensitivityType IV hypersensitivity
Cerebral palsyCerebral palsy
Meckels cartilageMeckel's cartilage
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstructionAnterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
ScapulaScapula
PelvisPelvis
അസ്ഥികൂടം - വിക്കിപീഡിയഅസ്ഥികൂടം - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Orthopedic surgeryOrthopedic surgery
Blood vesselBlood vessel
Fish jawFish jaw
Hyaluronic acidHyaluronic acid
Ethmoid sinusEthmoid sinus
Evolution of mammalian auditory ossiclesEvolution of mammalian auditory ossicles
ArthritisArthritis
Adult stem cellAdult stem cell
BoneBone
ಶಸ್ತ್ರಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಶಸ್ತ್ರಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ
Cervical vertebraeCervical vertebrae
Shoulder replacementShoulder replacement
Squat (exercise)Squat (exercise)
BiomineralizationBiomineralization
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
CartilageCartilage, ArticularCartilage DiseasesChondrocytesNasal CartilagesOsteoarthritisEar CartilageLaryngeal CartilagesHyaline CartilageKnee JointProteoglycansCartilage Oligomeric Matrix ProteinOsteoarthritis, KneeAggrecansCollagen Type IIGlycosaminoglycansMatrilin ProteinsChondrogenesisExtracellular Matrix ProteinsGrowth PlateFractures, CartilageCollagenStiflePatellaTibiaFemurMenisci, TibialNasal SeptumEpiphysesArytenoid CartilageCricoid CartilageCattleThyroid CartilageOsteochondritisMatrix Metalloproteinase 13Weight-BearingJointsTissue EngineeringCompressive StrengthBone and BonesHyaluronic AcidFemur HeadSynovial MembraneExtracellular MatrixMagnetic Resonance ImagingSynovial FluidStress, MechanicalChondroitin SulfatesBiomechanical PhenomenaKnee InjuriesMandibular CondyleArthritis, ExperimentalLubricationSOX9 Transcription FactorProcollagen N-EndopeptidaseUronic AcidsAnterior Cruciate LigamentArthroplasty, SubchondralMatrix Metalloproteinase 3Cells, CulturedMicroscopy, PolarizationTissue Culture TechniquesInjections, Intra-ArticularCollagen Type IXRibsChondroitinCollagenasesLectins, C-TypeBone DevelopmentFrictionRabbitsCollagen Type XHumerusArthroscopyOsteochondrodysplasiasRhinoplastyChick EmbryoOsteogenesisTissue ScaffoldsCalcification, PhysiologicCollagen Type XIJoint DiseasesIoxaglic AcidPeriosteumHindlimbArthritisElastic CartilageChondroitin Sulfate ProteoglycansChondrosarcomaMatrix MetalloproteinasesInterleukin-1GlycoproteinsCarpus, AnimalImmunohistochemistryTemporomandibular JointCulture TechniquesAlcian BlueSulfatesSynovitisBone Morphogenetic ProteinsCell DifferentiationRegenerationHyalinArthritis, RheumatoidTensile StrengthADAM ProteinsDisease Models, AnimalRNA, MessengerTalusOsteophyteFibrocartilageSkullOrgan Culture TechniquesFibrillar CollagensOsteochondritis DissecansWound HealingOsteoarthritis, HipSwineCadaverIn Situ HybridizationBone Morphogenetic Protein 2SharksMesenchymal Stromal CellsHorsesOsteochondrosisAnkle JointMetacarpophalangeal JointAgingChondroitinases and Chondroitin LyasesHydrogelsChondromaElastic ModulusTime FactorsHip JointTissue TransplantationBone MatrixChondrocalcinosisGrowth Differentiation Factor 5AchondroplasiaBiological MarkersHydrogelExtremitiesInterleukin-1betaReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionMatrix Metalloproteinase 1Gene ExpressionHydroxyprolineInterleukin-1alphaBone Morphogenetic Protein 7Microscopy, Electron, ScanningMicroscopy, ElectronGlucosamineModels, AnimalPolychondritis, RelapsingElasticityOncostatin MArthrographyCollagen Type IReproducibility of ResultsMetalloproteasesBranchial RegionGuided Tissue RegenerationEar, ExternalMetalloendopeptidasesSOXD Transcription FactorsHexosaminesMandibleTransforming Growth Factor betaTarsal JointsDisease ProgressionAminopropionitrileHistocytochemistryPatellofemoral JointImaging, Three-DimensionalSternumHypertrophyHyaluronoglucosaminidaseModels, BiologicalSulfur RadioisotopesPapainTransforming Growth Factor beta3Collagen Type VIChondroitin LyasesEndopeptidasesAlkaline PhosphataseKneeCell Culture TechniquesBone RemodelingOssification, HeterotopicTarsus, AnimalFinite Element AnalysisDogsSepharoseBony CallusHemarthrosisSkeletonBone Marrow DiseasesMetatarsal BonesGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalBone Diseases, DevelopmentalTympanoplasty
articular cartilage damage in knee - Orthopedics & Sports Medicine - MedHelparticular cartilage damage in knee - Orthopedics & Sports Medicine - MedHelp
Hysteretic response of articular cartilage to cyclic loadingHysteretic response of articular cartilage to cyclic loading
NFIA and GATA3 are crucial regulators of embryonic articular cartilage differentiation | DevelopmentNFIA and GATA3 are crucial regulators of embryonic articular cartilage differentiation | Development
NOVOCART 3D for Treatment of Articular Cartilage of the Knee | Clinical Research Trial Listing ( Articular Cartilage of the...NOVOCART 3D for Treatment of Articular Cartilage of the Knee | Clinical Research Trial Listing ( Articular Cartilage of the...
Research Study For Those With Articular Cartilage Defects In the Knee | UVA HealthResearch Study For Those With Articular Cartilage Defects In the Knee | UVA Health
Basic FGF Mediates ERK Activation in Articular Cartilage Explants upon Cyclical Loading | Clinical Science | Portland PressBasic FGF Mediates ERK Activation in Articular Cartilage Explants upon Cyclical Loading | Clinical Science | Portland Press
The Deterioration of Articular Cartilage in Osteoarthritis by Corticosteroid Injections - GetProlo.comThe Deterioration of Articular Cartilage in Osteoarthritis by Corticosteroid Injections - GetProlo.com
The role of nitric oxide in proteoglycan turnover by bovine articular cartilage organ cultures. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles |...The role of nitric oxide in proteoglycan turnover by bovine articular cartilage organ cultures. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles |...
Studies of the articular cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan in health and osteoarthritis. Evidence for molecular heterogeneity and...Studies of the articular cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan in health and osteoarthritis. Evidence for molecular heterogeneity and...
Articular cartilage</em>...Articular cartilage</em>...
Load / deformation / time behaviour of articular cartilage - Durham e-ThesesLoad / deformation / time behaviour of articular cartilage - Durham e-Theses
Articular Cartilage (Tibia)Articular Cartilage (Tibia)
Knee injuries - the articular cartilageKnee injuries - the articular cartilage
Computational Models of Articular CartilageComputational Models of Articular Cartilage
Articular cartilage damage - WikipediaArticular cartilage damage - Wikipedia
Articular cartilage repair - WikipediaArticular cartilage repair - Wikipedia
Observations ON THE NUTRITION OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE | The BMJObservations ON THE NUTRITION OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE | The BMJ
Patent US6110209 - Method and paste for articular cartilage transplantation - Google PatentsPatent US6110209 - Method and paste for articular cartilage transplantation - Google Patents
Osteochondral Grafting of Articular Cartilage Injuries: Background, Indications, ContraindicationsOsteochondral Grafting of Articular Cartilage Injuries: Background, Indications, Contraindications
Mechanobiology in the development, maintenance, and degeneration of articular cartilage. - PubMed - NCBIMechanobiology in the development, maintenance, and degeneration of articular cartilage. - PubMed - NCBI
Articular cartilage transplantation. Clinical results in the knee. - PubMed - NCBIArticular cartilage transplantation. Clinical results in the knee. - PubMed - NCBI
Normal and osteochondrotic porcine articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex | Open LibraryNormal and osteochondrotic porcine articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex | Open Library
New, Ground Breaking Research Shows Promising Advancements in the Battle Against Articular Cartilage DiseaseNew, Ground Breaking Research Shows Promising Advancements in the Battle Against Articular Cartilage Disease
Articular cartilage | KNEEguruArticular cartilage | KNEEguru
Tuesday 16:00 MR Imaging of Articular CartilageTuesday 16:00 MR Imaging of Articular Cartilage
Control of articular synovitis for bone and cartilage regeneration in rheumatoid arthritis | SpringerLinkControl of articular synovitis for bone and cartilage regeneration in rheumatoid arthritis | SpringerLink
Permeability and shear modulus of articular cartilage in growing mice | SpringerLinkPermeability and shear modulus of articular cartilage in growing mice | SpringerLink
Effects of copper and zinc on proteoglycan metabolism in articular cartilageEffects of copper and zinc on proteoglycan metabolism in articular cartilage
Articular cartilage restoration | KNEEguruArticular cartilage restoration | KNEEguru
Osteoarthritis and Articular Cartilage: Biomechanics and Novel Treatment ParadigmsOsteoarthritis and Articular Cartilage: Biomechanics and Novel Treatment Paradigms
Patent US7323445 - Methods and compositions for healing and repair of articular cartilage - Google PatentsPatent US7323445 - Methods and compositions for healing and repair of articular cartilage - Google Patents
Articular Cartilage Restoration - OrthoInfo - AAOSArticular Cartilage Restoration - OrthoInfo - AAOS
CiNii Articles - Articular cartilage repair with magnetic mesenchymal stem cellsCiNii Articles - Articular cartilage repair with magnetic mesenchymal stem cells
Pannocytes: distinctive cells found in rheumatoid arthritis articular cartilage erosionsPannocytes: distinctive cells found in rheumatoid arthritis articular cartilage erosions
Articular cartilage regeneration: Current status and future opportunitiesArticular cartilage regeneration: Current status and future opportunities
Arthrex - articular cartilageArthrex - articular cartilage
JCI - Enhanced cleavage of type II collagen by collagenases in osteoarthritic articular cartilage.JCI - Enhanced cleavage of type II collagen by collagenases in osteoarthritic articular cartilage.
cartilage articular Protocols and Video...'cartilage articular' Protocols and Video...
Articular Cartilage Injury of the KneeArticular Cartilage Injury of the Knee
VIDEO: Management of Articular Cartilage Lesions - UCTV - University of California TelevisionVIDEO: Management of Articular Cartilage Lesions - UCTV - University of California Television
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
CartilageCartilage, ArticularCartilage DiseasesChondrocytesNasal CartilagesOsteoarthritisEar CartilageLaryngeal CartilagesHyaline CartilageKnee JointProteoglycansCartilage Oligomeric Matrix ProteinOsteoarthritis, KneeAggrecansCollagen Type IIGlycosaminoglycansMatrilin ProteinsChondrogenesisExtracellular Matrix ProteinsGrowth PlateFractures, CartilageCollagenStiflePatellaTibiaFemurMenisci, TibialNasal SeptumEpiphysesArytenoid CartilageCricoid CartilageCattleThyroid CartilageOsteochondritisMatrix Metalloproteinase 13Weight-BearingJointsTissue EngineeringCompressive StrengthBone and BonesHyaluronic AcidFemur HeadSynovial MembraneExtracellular MatrixMagnetic Resonance ImagingSynovial FluidStress, MechanicalChondroitin SulfatesBiomechanical PhenomenaKnee InjuriesMandibular CondyleArthritis, ExperimentalLubricationSOX9 Transcription FactorProcollagen N-EndopeptidaseUronic AcidsAnterior Cruciate LigamentArthroplasty, SubchondralMatrix Metalloproteinase 3Cells, CulturedMicroscopy, PolarizationTissue Culture TechniquesInjections, Intra-ArticularCollagen Type IXRibsChondroitinCollagenasesLectins, C-TypeBone DevelopmentFrictionRabbitsCollagen Type XHumerusArthroscopyOsteochondrodysplasiasRhinoplastyChick EmbryoOsteogenesisTissue ScaffoldsCalcification, PhysiologicCollagen Type XIJoint DiseasesIoxaglic AcidPeriosteumHindlimbArthritisElastic CartilageChondroitin Sulfate ProteoglycansChondrosarcomaMatrix MetalloproteinasesInterleukin-1GlycoproteinsCarpus, AnimalImmunohistochemistryTemporomandibular JointCulture TechniquesAlcian BlueSulfatesSynovitisBone Morphogenetic ProteinsCell DifferentiationRegenerationHyalinArthritis, RheumatoidTensile StrengthADAM ProteinsDisease Models, AnimalRNA, MessengerTalusOsteophyteFibrocartilageSkullOrgan Culture TechniquesFibrillar CollagensOsteochondritis DissecansWound HealingOsteoarthritis, HipSwineCadaverIn Situ HybridizationBone Morphogenetic Protein 2SharksMesenchymal Stromal CellsHorsesOsteochondrosisAnkle JointMetacarpophalangeal JointAgingChondroitinases and Chondroitin LyasesHydrogelsChondromaElastic ModulusTime FactorsHip JointTissue TransplantationBone MatrixChondrocalcinosisGrowth Differentiation Factor 5AchondroplasiaBiological MarkersHydrogelExtremitiesInterleukin-1betaReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionMatrix Metalloproteinase 1Gene ExpressionHydroxyprolineInterleukin-1alphaBone Morphogenetic Protein 7Microscopy, Electron, ScanningMicroscopy, ElectronGlucosamineModels, AnimalPolychondritis, RelapsingElasticityOncostatin MArthrographyCollagen Type IReproducibility of ResultsMetalloproteasesBranchial RegionGuided Tissue RegenerationEar, ExternalMetalloendopeptidasesSOXD Transcription FactorsHexosaminesMandibleTransforming Growth Factor betaTarsal JointsDisease ProgressionAminopropionitrileHistocytochemistryPatellofemoral JointImaging, Three-DimensionalSternumHypertrophyHyaluronoglucosaminidaseModels, BiologicalSulfur RadioisotopesPapainTransforming Growth Factor beta3Collagen Type VIChondroitin LyasesEndopeptidasesAlkaline PhosphataseKneeCell Culture TechniquesBone RemodelingOssification, HeterotopicTarsus, AnimalFinite Element AnalysisDogsSepharoseBony CallusHemarthrosisSkeletonBone Marrow DiseasesMetatarsal BonesGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalBone Diseases, DevelopmentalTympanoplasty
DefectsBovine articularChondrocyteExplantsDegenerationMicrofractureProteoglycanAbstractJointsMeniscusVitroOsteoarthritis and CartilageBiomechanicsFull-thickness cartilageFemoralMethodsBoneSpecimensDefectDifferentiationArthritisTissue EngineeringOsteoarthriticMechanicalDegradationLesions in the articular cartilageArthroscopyNormal articular cartilageMature articular cartilageRestore articular cartilageHuman cartilageRepairSuperficialDamageDevelopment of articuMeniscal
Defects14
Bovine articular3
Chondrocyte9
Explants2
Degeneration5
Microfracture6
Proteoglycan2
Abstract1
Joints10
Meniscus2
  • A simplified 2D axisymmetric representation of the human knee joint, including cartilage layers, meniscus and underlying bones, was developed. (comsol.fi)
  • Patients with a symptomatic ACL-deficient knee and an associated tear of the medial meniscus are at high risk of having a lesion of the articular surface of the weight bearing area of the knee. (unisa.it)
Vitro1
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage1
Biomechanics1
  • Imaging now plays a critical role not only in clinical practice and therapeutic decisions but also in the basic research probing our understanding of cartilage physiology and biomechanics. (elsevier.com)
Full-thickness cartilage1
Femoral2
Methods5
Bone17
Specimens4
Defect3
Differentiation1
  • Since biomechanical factors are known to play an essential role in osteoarthritis (OA) initiation and progression, we investigated if excessive mechanical compression can alter TGF-beta signaling in cartilage shifting it from ALK5/Smad2/3P to ALK1/Smad1/5/8P pathway, favoring terminal differentiation of chondrocytes. (ru.nl)
Arthritis4
Tissue Engineering2
  • This book covers the latest research and advancements related to articular cartilage in biology, development, pathology, clinical applications and tissue engineering. (elsevier.com)
  • The demonstration that interactions between these genetic engineering and tissue engineering technologies promote repair by articular chondrocytes would lend insight into the mechanisms that regulate cell-based therapies and provide a key step in the translation of these therapies to human articular cartilage diseases. (elsevier.com)
Osteoarthritic1
Mechanical2
Degradation2
Lesions in the articular cartilage2
  • The inclusion criterion of the samples in this study was based on the presence of lesions characterized in H&E stain as fibroplasia, neovascularization, collagenolysis, chondroid metaplasia in tendons and ligaments and fibrillation and cartilaginous eburnation lesions in the articular cartilage samples. (bvsalud.org)
  • Runx1 was also expressed in chondrocytes found at the periphery of OA lesions in the articular cartilage of mice that underwent an OA-inducing surgery. (umassmed.edu)
Arthroscopy1
  • CONCLUSIONS: In patients with more advanced degenerative changes, the time from injury to arthroscopy was significantly longer than in patients with lesser articular surface abnormalities, and the presence of a meniscal tear was associated with a greater degree of articular cartilage damage. (unisa.it)
Normal articular cartilage1
  • In both the surface layer of normal articular cartilage, and in OA cartilage, Runx1 expression by IF co-localized with markers of mesenchymal progenitor cells, as well as markers of proliferation Ki-67 and PCNA. (umassmed.edu)
Mature articular cartilage1
Restore articular cartilage2
Human cartilage1
  • However, it is not known if the PG molecule is citrullinated in vivo in human cartilage, and if so, whether citrulline-containing neoepitopes of PG (CitPG) can contribute to autoimmunity in RA. (elsevier.com)
Repair9
Superficial2
Damage12
Development of articu1
Meniscal2
An anisotropic hydrogel with electrostatic repulsion between cofacially aligned nanosheets | Nature
An anisotropic hydrogel with electrostatic repulsion between cofacially aligned nanosheets | Nature (nature.com)
Articular Cartilage (Tibia)
Articular Cartilage (Tibia) (innerbody.com)
Knee injuries - the articular cartilage
Knee injuries - the articular cartilage (netdoctor.co.uk)
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Therapeutic Use of Scoparia dulcis Reduces the Progression of Experimental Osteoarthritis | HTML
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Therapeutic Use of Scoparia dulcis Reduces the Progression of Experimental Osteoarthritis | HTML (mdpi.com)
Osteoarthritis: Knee joint degeneration slowed with weight loss, study confirms
Osteoarthritis: Knee joint degeneration slowed with weight loss, study confirms (medicalnewstoday.com)
Osteochondral Grafting of Articular Cartilage Injuries: Background, Indications, Contraindications
Osteochondral Grafting of Articular Cartilage Injuries: Background, Indications, Contraindications (emedicine.medscape.com)
Etiology of osteoarthritis: genetics and synovial joint development | Nature Reviews Rheumatology
Etiology of osteoarthritis: genetics and synovial joint development | Nature Reviews Rheumatology (nature.com)
Therapeutic Modalities for Musculoskeletal Injuries 4th Edition: Mechanobiology in the Musculoskeletal System
Therapeutic Modalities for Musculoskeletal Injuries 4th Edition: Mechanobiology in the Musculoskeletal System (humankinetics.com)
Pain Management: All About Your Knees
Pain Management: All About Your Knees (onhealth.com)
Mechanotherapy: how physical therapists' prescription of exercise promotes tissue repair | British Journal of Sports Medicine
Mechanotherapy: how physical therapists' prescription of exercise promotes tissue repair | British Journal of Sports Medicine (bjsm.bmj.com)
Most Popular Articles : Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review
Most Popular Articles : Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review (journals.lww.com)
Articular cartilage repair (MACI) at Spire Cheshire Hospital | Spire Healthcare
Articular cartilage repair (MACI) at Spire Cheshire Hospital | Spire Healthcare (spirehealthcare.com)
Femoral and Tibial Rotational Landmarks in Primary TKA | Orthogate
Femoral and Tibial Rotational Landmarks in Primary TKA | Orthogate (orthogate.org)
Frontiers | Non-viral Gene Delivery Methods for Bone and Joints | Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Frontiers | Non-viral Gene Delivery Methods for Bone and Joints | Bioengineering and Biotechnology (frontiersin.org)
Control of articular synovitis for bone and cartilage regeneration in rheumatoid arthritis | SpringerLink
Control of articular synovitis for bone and cartilage regeneration in rheumatoid arthritis | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
JCI - Volume 87, Issue 5
JCI - Volume 87, Issue 5 (jci.org)
Normal and osteochondrotic porcine articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex | Open Library
Normal and osteochondrotic porcine articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex | Open Library (openlibrary.org)
Articular cartilage restoration | KNEEguru
Articular cartilage restoration | KNEEguru (kneeguru.co.uk)
Articular cartilage repair | KNEEguru
Articular cartilage repair | KNEEguru (kneeguru.co.uk)
Frontiers | Role of the Inflammation-Autophagy-Senescence Integrative Network in Osteoarthritis | Physiology
Frontiers | Role of the Inflammation-Autophagy-Senescence Integrative Network in Osteoarthritis | Physiology (frontiersin.org)
PNAS Plus Significance Statements | PNAS
PNAS Plus Significance Statements | PNAS (pnas.org)
Extreme sport - Wikipedia
Extreme sport - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Photo Gallery | 19th International Articular Cartilage Repair and Hip Arthroscopy Course for Sports Medicine Fellows
Photo Gallery | 19th International Articular Cartilage Repair and Hip Arthroscopy Course for Sports Medicine Fellows (mcjconsulting.com)
Meeting Registration | 19th International Articular Cartilage Repair and Hip Arthroscopy Course for Sports Medicine Fellows
Meeting Registration | 19th International Articular Cartilage Repair and Hip Arthroscopy Course for Sports Medicine Fellows (mcjconsulting.com)
Interactive Agenda | 19th International Articular Cartilage Repair and Hip Arthroscopy Course for Sports Medicine Fellows
Interactive Agenda | 19th International Articular Cartilage Repair and Hip Arthroscopy Course for Sports Medicine Fellows (ismf-conference.com)