Cartilage
Cartilage, Articular
Nasal Cartilages
Osteoarthritis
Laryngeal Cartilages
Hyaline Cartilage
Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein
Osteoarthritis, Knee
Aggrecans
Collagen Type II
Glycosaminoglycans
Matrilin Proteins
Chondrogenesis
Extracellular Matrix Proteins
Collagen
Stifle
Tibia
Nasal Septum
Epiphyses
Arytenoid Cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage
Cattle
Thyroid Cartilage
Matrix Metalloproteinase 13
Weight-Bearing
Joints
Tissue Engineering
Compressive Strength
Bone and Bones
Hyaluronic Acid
Femur Head
Synovial Membrane
Extracellular Matrix
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Synovial Fluid
Stress, Mechanical
Chondroitin Sulfates
Biomechanical Phenomena
Mandibular Condyle
Arthritis, Experimental
SOX9 Transcription Factor
Procollagen N-Endopeptidase
Uronic Acids
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Arthroplasty, Subchondral
Matrix Metalloproteinase 3
Cells, Cultured
Microscopy, Polarization
Tissue Culture Techniques
Collagen Type IX
Ribs
Chondroitin
Lectins, C-Type
Bone Development
Friction
Rabbits
Collagen Type X
Rhinoplasty
Chick Embryo
Tissue Scaffolds
Calcification, Physiologic
Collagen Type XI
Periosteum
Hindlimb
Elastic Cartilage
Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans
Chondrosarcoma
Matrix Metalloproteinases
Interleukin-1
Glycoproteins
Immunohistochemistry
Temporomandibular Joint
Culture Techniques
Alcian Blue
Synovitis
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
Cell Differentiation
Hyalin
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
Tensile Strength
ADAM Proteins
Disease Models, Animal
RNA, Messenger
Talus
Osteophyte
Fibrocartilage
Organ Culture Techniques
Fibrillar Collagens
Osteochondritis Dissecans
Osteoarthritis, Hip
Swine
In Situ Hybridization
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
Sharks
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Horses
Osteochondrosis
Ankle Joint
Aging
Chondroitinases and Chondroitin Lyases
Hydrogels
Chondroma
Elastic Modulus
Hip Joint
Tissue Transplantation
Bone Matrix
Chondrocalcinosis
Growth Differentiation Factor 5
Achondroplasia
Biological Markers
Interleukin-1beta
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
Gene Expression
Hydroxyproline
Interleukin-1alpha
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Microscopy, Electron
Models, Animal
Polychondritis, Relapsing
Oncostatin M
Arthrography
Collagen Type I
Reproducibility of Results
Metalloproteases
Branchial Region
Guided Tissue Regeneration
Ear, External
SOXD Transcription Factors
Mandible
Transforming Growth Factor beta
Tarsal Joints
Disease Progression
Aminopropionitrile
Histocytochemistry
Patellofemoral Joint
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
Sternum
Hypertrophy
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Models, Biological
Sulfur Radioisotopes
Papain
Transforming Growth Factor beta3
Collagen Type VI
Chondroitin Lyases
Endopeptidases
Alkaline Phosphatase
Bone Remodeling
Finite Element Analysis
Dogs
Bony Callus
Hemarthrosis
Skeleton
Metatarsal Bones
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Tympanoplasty
Mechanisms of GDF-5 action during skeletal development. (1/3372)
Mutations in GDF-5, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, result in the autosomal recessive syndromes brachypod (bp) in mice and Hunter-Thompson and Grebe-type chondrodysplasias in humans. These syndromes are all characterised by the shortening of the appendicular skeleton and loss or abnormal development of some joints. To investigate how GDF-5 controls skeletogenesis, we overexpressed GDF-5 during chick limb development using the retrovirus, RCASBP. This resulted in up to a 37.5% increase in length of the skeletal elements, which was predominantly due to an increase in the number of chondrocytes. By injecting virus at different stages of development, we show that GDF-5 can increase both the size of the early cartilage condensation and the later developing skeletal element. Using in vitro micromass cultures as a model system to study the early steps of chondrogenesis, we show that GDF-5 increases chondrogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. We did not detect changes in proliferation. However, cell suspension cultures showed that GDF-5 might act at these stages by increasing cell adhesion, a critical determinant of early chondrogenesis. In contrast, pulse labelling experiments of GDF-5-infected limbs showed that at later stages of skeletal development GDF-5 can increase proliferation of chondrocytes. Thus, here we show two mechanisms of how GDF-5 may control different stages of skeletogenesis. Finally, our data show that levels of GDF-5 expression/activity are important in controlling the size of skeletal elements and provides a possible explanation for the variation in the severity of skeletal defects resulting from mutations in GDF-5. (+info)Fibrocartilage in tendons and ligaments--an adaptation to compressive load. (2/3372)
Where tendons and ligaments are subject to compression, they are frequently fibrocartilaginous. This occurs at 2 principal sites: where tendons (and sometimes ligaments) wrap around bony or fibrous pulleys, and in the region where they attach to bone, i.e. at their entheses. Wrap-around tendons are most characteristic of the limbs and are commonly wider at their point of bony contact so that the pressure is reduced. The most fibrocartilaginous tendons are heavily loaded and permanently bent around their pulleys. There is often pronounced interweaving of collagen fibres that prevents the tendons from splaying apart under compression. The fibrocartilage can be located within fascicles, or in endo- or epitenon (where it may protect blood vessels from compression or allow fascicles to slide). Fibrocartilage cells are commonly packed with intermediate filaments which could be involved in transducing mechanical load. The ECM often contains aggrecan which allows the tendon to imbibe water and withstand compression. Type II collagen may also be present, particularly in tendons that are heavily loaded. Fibrocartilage is a dynamic tissue that disappears when the tendons are rerouted surgically and can be maintained in vitro when discs of tendon are compressed. Finite element analyses provide a good correlation between its distribution and levels of compressive stress, but at some locations fibrocartilage is a sign of pathology. Enthesis fibrocartilage is most typical of tendons or ligaments that attach to the epiphyses of long bones where it may also be accompanied by sesamoid and periosteal fibrocartilages. It is characteristic of sites where the angle of attachment changes throughout the range of joint movement and it reduces wear and tear by dissipating stress concentration at the bony interface. There is a good correlation between the distribution of fibrocartilage within an enthesis and the levels of compressive stress. The complex interlocking between calcified fibrocartilage and bone contributes to the mechanical strength of the enthesis and cartilage-like molecules (e.g. aggrecan and type II collagen) in the ECM contribute to its ability to withstand compression. Pathological changes are common and are known as enthesopathies. (+info)The use of variable lactate/malic dehydrogenase ratios to distinguish between progenitor cells of cartilage and bone in the embryonic chick. (3/3372)
The activities of LDH and MDH have been studied, both in differentiated cartilage and bone from the embryonic chick, and in the pool of mixed osteogenic and chondrogenic stem cells found on the quadratojugal, a membrane bone. In confirmation of the model proposed by Reddi & Huggins (1971) we found that the LDH/MDH ratio was greater than 1 in cartilage and less than 1 in bone. Furthermore we established, for the first time, that ratios occurred in the chondrogenic and osteogenic stem cells, similar to the ratios in their differentiated counterparts. Alteration in LDH/MDH resulted from variations in the level of LDH/mug protein. MDH/mug protein remained constant, even when LDH/MDH was changing. We interpret these results in terms of adaptation of chondrogenic progenitor cells for anaerobic metabolism and anticipate that our model will be applicable to other skeletal systems where stem cells are being studied. (+info)Generation and characterization of aggrecanase. A soluble, cartilage-derived aggrecan-degrading activity. (4/3372)
A method was developed for generating soluble, active "aggrecanase" in conditioned media from interleukin-1-stimulated bovine nasal cartilage cultures. Using bovine nasal cartilage conditioned media as a source of the aggrecanase enzyme, an enzymatic assay was established employing purified aggrecan monomers as a substrate and monitoring specific aggrecanase-mediated cleavage products by Western analysis using the monoclonal antibody, BC-3 (which recognizes the new N terminus, ARGS, on fragments produced by cleavage between amino acid residues Glu373 and Ala374). Using this assay we have characterized cartilage aggrecanase with respect to assay kinetics, pH and salt optima, heat sensitivity, and stability upon storage. Aggrecanase activity was inhibited by the metalloprotease inhibitor, EDTA, while a panel of inhibitors of serine, cysteine, and aspartic proteinases had no effect, suggesting that aggrecanase is a metalloproteinase. Sensitivity to known matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as well as to the endogenous tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, TIMP-1, further support the notion that aggrecanase is a metalloproteinase potentially related to the ADAM family or MMP family of proteases previously implicated in the catabolism of the extracellular matrix. (+info)gas2 is a multifunctional gene involved in the regulation of apoptosis and chondrogenesis in the developing mouse limb. (5/3372)
The growth-arrest-specific 2 (gas2) gene was initially identified on account of its high level of expression in murine fibroblasts under growth arrest conditions, followed by downregulation upon reentry into the cell cycle (Schneider et al., Cell 54, 787-793, 1988). In this study, the expression patterns of the gas2 gene and the Gas2 peptide were established in the developing limbs of 11.5- to 14. 5-day mouse embryos. It was found that gas2 was expressed in the interdigital tissues, the chondrogenic regions, and the myogenic regions. Low-density limb culture and Brdu incorporation assays revealed that gas2 might play an important role in regulating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, it might play a similar role during limb myogenesis. In addition to chondrogenesis and myogeneis, gas2 is involved in the execution of the apoptotic program in hindlimb interdigital tissues-by acting as a death substrate for caspase enzymes. TUNEL analysis demonstrated that the interdigital tissues underwent apoptosis between 13.5 and 15.5 days. Exactly at these time points, the C-terminal domain of the Gas2 peptide was cleaved as revealed by Western blot analysis. Moreover, pro-caspase-3 (an enzyme that can process Gas2) was cleaved into its active form in the interdigital tissues. The addition of zVAD-fmk, a caspase enzyme inhibitor, to 12.5-day-old hindlimbs maintained in organ culture revealed that the treatment inhibited interdigital cell death. This inhibition correlated with the absence of the Gas2 peptide and pro-caspase-3 cleavage. The data suggest that Gas2 might be involved in the execution of the apoptotic process. (+info)Midpalatal suture of osteopetrotic (op/op) mice exhibits immature fusion. (6/3372)
The midpalatal suture was observed histologically in both toothless osteopetrotic (op/op) and normal (control) mice. The normal mice had a mature sutural structure, which consists of a well-developed cartilage cell zone and palatal bone. In contrast, the thickness of the cartilage cell zone was substantially greater in the op/op mice than that in the controls. Moreover, the cartilage cells in the op/op mice were frequently found in the palatal bone as well as in the sutural space, exhibiting an imperfect fusion. It seems that immature fusion at the sutural interface in the op/op mice is related to a decrease in biting or masticatory force accompanied by the failure of tooth eruption in addition to an essential defect in osteoclast differentiation, which is a congenital symptom in op/op mice. (+info)Regulation of chondrocyte differentiation by Cbfa1. (7/3372)
Cbfa1, a developmentally expressed transcription factor of the runt family, was recently shown to be essential for osteoblast differentiation. We have investigated the role of Cbfa1 in endochondral bone formation using Cbfa1-deficient mice. Histology and in situ hybridization with probes for indian hedgehog (Ihh), collagen type X and osteopontin performed at E13.5, E14.5 and E17.5 demonstrated a lack of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the anlagen of the humerus and the phalanges and a delayed onset of hypertrophy in radius/ulna in Cbfa1-/- mice. Detailed analysis of Cbfa1 expression using whole mount in situ hybridization and a lacZ reporter gene reveled strong expression not only in osteoblasts but also in pre-hypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Our studies identify Cbfa1 as a major positive regulator of chondrocyte differentiation. (+info)Strong induction of members of the chitinase family of proteins in atherosclerosis: chitotriosidase and human cartilage gp-39 expressed in lesion macrophages. (8/3372)
Atherosclerosis is initiated by the infiltration of monocytes into the subendothelial space of the vessel wall and subsequent lipid accumulation of the activated macrophages. The molecular mechanisms involved in the anomalous behavior of macrophages in atherogenesis have only partially been disclosed. Chitotriosidase and human cartilage gp-39 (HC gp-39) are members of the chitinase family of proteins and are expressed in lipid-laden macrophages accumulated in various organs during Gaucher disease. In addition, as shown in this study, chitotriosidase and HC gp-39 can be induced with distinct kinetics in cultured macrophages. We investigated the expression of these chitinase-like genes in the human atherosclerotic vessel wall by in situ hybridizations on atherosclerotic specimens derived from femoral artery (4 specimens), aorta (4 specimens), iliac artery (3 specimens), carotid artery (4 specimens), and coronary artery (1 specimen), as well as 5 specimens derived from apparently normal vascular tissue. We show for the first time that chitotriosidase and HC gp-39 expression was strongly upregulated in distinct subsets of macrophages in the atherosclerotic plaque. The expression patterns of chitotriosidase and HC gp-39 were compared and shown to be different from the patterns observed for the extracellular matrix protein osteopontin and the macrophage marker tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Our data emphasize the remarkable phenotypic variation among macrophages present in the atherosclerotic lesion. Furthermore, chitotriosidase enzyme activity was shown to be elevated up to 55-fold in extracts of atherosclerotic tissue. Although a function for chitotriosidase and HC gp-39 has not been identified, we hypothesize a role in cell migration and tissue remodeling during atherogenesis. (+info)Some common types of cartilage diseases include:
1. Osteoarthritis: A degenerative condition that causes the breakdown of joint cartilage and bone damage.
2. Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and pain in the joints, including the cartilage.
3. Cartilage tears: Tears in the cartilage of a joint can cause pain, stiffness, and limited mobility.
4. Cartilage thinning: A condition where the cartilage becomes thinner over time, leading to joint pain and stiffness.
5. Chondrocalcinosis: A condition where calcium deposits form in the cartilage, causing pain and stiffness in the affected joint.
6. Chondromalacia patellae: A condition where the cartilage on the underside of the kneecap deteriorates, leading to pain and instability in the knee joint.
7. Osteochondritis dissecans: A condition where a piece of cartilage and bone becomes detached from the joint surface, causing pain and stiffness.
8. Paget's disease of bone: A condition where the bones become enlarged and deformed due to abnormal bone growth, which can affect the cartilage.
9. Bone spurs: Bony outgrowths that can form in response to injury or inflammation, and can cause pain and limited mobility.
10. Avascular necrosis: A condition where the blood supply to a bone is disrupted, leading to bone death and cartilage damage.
These are just a few examples of cartilage diseases. There are many other conditions that can affect the cartilage in different parts of the body. Treatment options for cartilage diseases vary depending on the specific condition and its severity, but may include medication, physical therapy, or surgery.
The exact cause of osteoarthritis is not known, but it is thought to be due to a combination of factors such as genetics, wear and tear on joints over time, and injuries or trauma to the joint. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint in the body, but it most commonly affects the hands, knees, hips, and spine.
The symptoms of osteoarthritis can vary depending on the severity of the condition and which joint is affected. Common symptoms include:
* Pain or tenderness in the joint
* Stiffness, especially after periods of rest or inactivity
* Limited mobility or loss of flexibility
* Grating or crackling sensations when the joint is moved
* Swelling or redness in the affected joint
* Muscle weakness or wasting
There is no cure for osteoarthritis, but there are several treatment options available to manage the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These include:
* Pain relief medications such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
* Physical therapy to improve mobility and strength
* Lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, regular exercise, and avoiding activities that exacerbate the condition
* Bracing or orthotics to support the affected joint
* Corticosteroid injections or hyaluronic acid injections to reduce inflammation and improve joint function
* Joint replacement surgery in severe cases where other treatments have failed.
Early diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis can help manage symptoms, slow the progression of the disease, and improve quality of life for individuals with this condition.
The risk of developing osteoarthritis of the knee increases with age, obesity, and previous knee injuries or surgery. Symptoms of knee OA can include:
* Pain and stiffness in the knee, especially after activity or extended periods of standing or sitting
* Swelling and redness in the knee
* Difficulty moving the knee through its full range of motion
* Crunching or grinding sensations when the knee is bent or straightened
* Instability or a feeling that the knee may give way
Treatment for knee OA typically includes a combination of medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Medications such as pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and corticosteroids can help manage symptoms, while physical therapy can improve joint mobility and strength. Lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss, regular exercise, and avoiding activities that exacerbate the condition, can also help slow the progression of the disease. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace the damaged joint.
There are different types of fractures that can occur in cartilage, including:
1. Fissure fractures: These are small cracks or splits in the cartilage.
2. Fracture-linear fractures: These are longer, more linear cracks in the cartilage.
3. Fracture-bucket handle fractures: These are fractures that have a central crack with two smaller cracks radiating from it, resembling a bucket handle.
4. Fracture-segmental fractures: These are fractures that involve the entire thickness of the cartilage and can be complete or incomplete.
Fractures, cartilage can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, sports injuries, degenerative conditions such as osteoarthritis, and systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Symptoms of fractures, cartilage can include pain, stiffness, limited mobility, and locking or catching sensations in the affected joint.
Diagnosis of fractures, cartilage is typically made through a combination of physical examination, imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI, and arthroscopy, which involves inserting a small camera into the joint to visualize the cartilage directly.
Treatment for fractures, cartilage depends on the severity of the injury and can include conservative measures such as rest, physical therapy, and medication, or surgical interventions such as repair or replacement of the damaged cartilage. In severe cases, fractures, cartilage may require joint fusion or replacement with an artificial joint.
This condition typically occurs in the joints of children and adolescents, although it can also affect adults. It is caused by a variety of factors, including injury, overuse, or genetics.
Osteochondritis can cause symptoms such as pain, stiffness, limited mobility, and locking or catching sensations within the affected joint. Treatment options may include rest, physical therapy, and medication, as well as surgery in severe cases.
1. Meniscal tears: The meniscus is a cartilage structure in the knee joint that can tear due to twisting or bending movements.
2. Ligament sprains: The ligaments that connect the bones of the knee joint can become stretched or torn, leading to instability and pain.
3. Torn cartilage: The articular cartilage that covers the ends of the bones in the knee joint can tear due to wear and tear or trauma.
4. Fractures: The bones of the knee joint can fracture as a result of a direct blow or fall.
5. Dislocations: The bones of the knee joint can become dislocated, causing pain and instability.
6. Patellar tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella (kneecap) to the shinbone.
7. Iliotibial band syndrome: Inflammation of the iliotibial band, a ligament that runs down the outside of the thigh and crosses the knee joint.
8. Osteochondritis dissecans: A condition in which a piece of cartilage and bone becomes detached from the end of a bone in the knee joint.
9. Baker's cyst: A fluid-filled cyst that forms behind the knee, usually as a result of a tear in the meniscus or a knee injury.
Symptoms of knee injuries can include pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility. Treatment for knee injuries depends on the severity of the injury and may range from conservative measures such as physical therapy and medication to surgical intervention.
These animal models allow researchers to study the underlying causes of arthritis, test new treatments and therapies, and evaluate their effectiveness in a controlled environment before moving to human clinical trials. Experimental arthritis models are used to investigate various aspects of the disease, including its pathophysiology, immunogenicity, and potential therapeutic targets.
Some common experimental arthritis models include:
1. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA): This model is induced in mice by immunizing them with type II collagen, which leads to an autoimmune response and inflammation in the joints.
2. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) models: These models are developed by transferring cells from RA patients into immunodeficient mice, which then develop arthritis-like symptoms.
3. Osteoarthritis (OA) models: These models are induced in animals by subjecting them to joint injury or overuse, which leads to degenerative changes in the joints and bone.
4. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) models: These models are developed by inducing psoriasis in mice, which then develop arthritis-like symptoms.
Experimental arthritis models have contributed significantly to our understanding of the disease and have helped to identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of arthritis. However, it is important to note that these models are not perfect representations of human arthritis and should be used as tools to complement, rather than replace, human clinical trials.
The term "Osteochondrodysplasias" comes from the Greek words "osteo," meaning bone; "chondro," meaning cartilage; and "dysplasia," meaning abnormal growth or development. These disorders can affect people of all ages, but are most commonly seen in children and young adults.
There are many different types of OCDs, each with its own unique set of symptoms and characteristics. Some of the most common types include:
* Brittle bone disease (osteogenesis imperfecta): This is a condition in which the bones are prone to fractures, often without any obvious cause.
* Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome: This is a rare condition that affects the hands, feet, and joints, causing stiffness, pain, and limited mobility.
* Diaphyseal dysplasia: This is a condition in which the bones in the arms and legs are abnormally short and brittle.
* Epiphyseal dysplasia: This is a condition in which the growth plates at the ends of the long bones are abnormal, leading to short stature and other skeletal deformities.
There is no cure for OCDs, but treatment options are available to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. These may include physical therapy, braces or orthotics, medications to manage pain and inflammation, and in some cases, surgery. Early diagnosis and intervention are important to help manage the condition and prevent complications.
1. Osteoarthritis: A degenerative condition that causes the breakdown of cartilage in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility.
2. Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and deformity.
3. Gout: A condition caused by the buildup of uric acid in the joints, leading to sudden and severe attacks of pain, inflammation, and swelling.
4. Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs that cushion the joints and reduce friction between tendons and bones.
5. Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendons, which connect muscles to bones.
6. Synovitis: Inflammation of the synovial membrane, a thin lining that covers the joints and lubricates them with fluid.
7. Periarthritis: Inflammation of the tissues around the joints, such as the synovial membrane, tendons, and ligaments.
8. Spondyloarthritis: A group of conditions that affect the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to inflammation and pain in these areas.
9. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A condition that affects children and causes inflammation and pain in the joints.
10. Systemic lupus erythematosus: An autoimmune disease that can affect many parts of the body, including the joints.
These are just a few examples of the many types of joint diseases that exist. Each type has its own unique symptoms and causes, and they can be caused by a variety of factors such as genetics, injury, infection, or age-related wear and tear. Treatment options for joint diseases can range from medication and physical therapy to surgery, depending on the severity of the condition and its underlying cause.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative condition that occurs when the cartilage that cushions the joints breaks down over time, causing the bones to rub together. It is the most common form of arthritis and typically affects older adults.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition that occurs when the body's immune system attacks the lining of the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. It can affect anyone, regardless of age, and is typically seen in women.
Other types of arthritis include psoriatic arthritis, gouty arthritis, and lupus-related arthritis. Treatment for arthritis depends on the type and severity of the condition, but can include medications such as pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Physical therapy and lifestyle changes, such as exercise and weight loss, can also be helpful. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged joints.
Arthritis is a leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting over 50 million adults in the United States alone. It can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life, making everyday activities such as walking, dressing, and grooming difficult and painful. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.
There are several subtypes of chondrosarcoma, including:
1. Grade 1 (low-grade) chondrosarcoma: This is a slow-growing tumor that is less likely to spread to other parts of the body.
2. Grade 2 (intermediate-grade) chondrosarcoma: This type of tumor grows more quickly than grade 1 and may be more likely to spread.
3. Grade 3 (high-grade) chondrosarcoma: This is an aggressive tumor that can grow quickly and spread to other parts of the body.
The symptoms of chondrosarcoma can vary depending on the location of the tumor, but may include pain in the affected area, swelling, and limited mobility. Treatment for chondrosarcoma typically involves surgery to remove the tumor, followed by radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. The prognosis for chondrosarcoma varies depending on the grade of the tumor and the effectiveness of treatment.
Sources:
* American Cancer Society. (2020). Chondrosarcoma. Retrieved from
* Mayo Clinic. (2020). Chondrosarcoma. Retrieved from
* National Cancer Institute. (2020). Chondrosarcoma. Retrieved from
There are several possible causes of synovitis, including:
1. Infection: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can cause synovitis.
2. Autoimmune disorders: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and gout can cause chronic synovitis.
3. Overuse injuries: Repetitive strain injuries, such as those caused by repetitive jumping or throwing, can lead to synovitis in the affected joint.
4. Trauma: A sudden injury, such as a fall or a blow to the joint, can cause acute synovitis.
Symptoms of synovitis may include:
1. Pain: Pain is the most common symptom of synovitis, and it can range from mild to severe.
2. Swelling: The affected joint or limb may become swollen and warm to the touch.
3. Limited range of motion: Synovitis can cause stiffness and limited mobility in the affected joint.
4. Redness: The affected area may become red and inflamed.
5. Fever: In some cases, synovitis may be accompanied by a fever.
Treatment for synovitis depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Conservative treatments such as rest, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medications are often effective in managing mild to moderate cases of synovitis. In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.
In conclusion, synovitis is a common condition that can cause pain and limited mobility in the affected joint or limb. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time, as early diagnosis and treatment can help to prevent long-term damage and improve outcomes.
There are several symptoms of RA, including:
1. Joint pain and stiffness, especially in the hands and feet
2. Swollen and warm joints
3. Redness and tenderness in the affected areas
4. Fatigue, fever, and loss of appetite
5. Loss of range of motion in the affected joints
6. Firm bumps of tissue under the skin (rheumatoid nodules)
RA can be diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, blood tests, and imaging studies such as X-rays or ultrasound. Treatment typically involves a combination of medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologic agents. Lifestyle modifications such as exercise and physical therapy can also be helpful in managing symptoms and improving quality of life.
There is no cure for RA, but early diagnosis and aggressive treatment can help to slow the progression of the disease and reduce symptoms. With proper management, many people with RA are able to lead active and fulfilling lives.
1) They share similarities with humans: Many animal species share similar biological and physiological characteristics with humans, making them useful for studying human diseases. For example, mice and rats are often used to study diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer because they have similar metabolic and cardiovascular systems to humans.
2) They can be genetically manipulated: Animal disease models can be genetically engineered to develop specific diseases or to model human genetic disorders. This allows researchers to study the progression of the disease and test potential treatments in a controlled environment.
3) They can be used to test drugs and therapies: Before new drugs or therapies are tested in humans, they are often first tested in animal models of disease. This allows researchers to assess the safety and efficacy of the treatment before moving on to human clinical trials.
4) They can provide insights into disease mechanisms: Studying disease models in animals can provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of a particular disease. This information can then be used to develop new treatments or improve existing ones.
5) Reduces the need for human testing: Using animal disease models reduces the need for human testing, which can be time-consuming, expensive, and ethically challenging. However, it is important to note that animal models are not perfect substitutes for human subjects, and results obtained from animal studies may not always translate to humans.
6) They can be used to study infectious diseases: Animal disease models can be used to study infectious diseases such as HIV, TB, and malaria. These models allow researchers to understand how the disease is transmitted, how it progresses, and how it responds to treatment.
7) They can be used to study complex diseases: Animal disease models can be used to study complex diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. These models allow researchers to understand the underlying mechanisms of the disease and test potential treatments.
8) They are cost-effective: Animal disease models are often less expensive than human clinical trials, making them a cost-effective way to conduct research.
9) They can be used to study drug delivery: Animal disease models can be used to study drug delivery and pharmacokinetics, which is important for developing new drugs and drug delivery systems.
10) They can be used to study aging: Animal disease models can be used to study the aging process and age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. This allows researchers to understand how aging contributes to disease and develop potential treatments.
Osteophytes can take many different forms, depending on the location and severity of the condition that is causing them. They may be small and pointed, or large and flat, and they can vary in color from yellow to red to black. In some cases, osteophytes may be covered with cartilage or other soft tissue.
Osteophytes are often painful and can interfere with joint movement and function. They may also cause inflammation and swelling in the affected area. In severe cases, osteophytes can lead to further complications such as bone fragments breaking off and causing damage to surrounding tissues or nerves.
Treatment for osteophytes usually involves managing the underlying condition that is causing them. This may include medications to reduce inflammation and pain, physical therapy to improve joint mobility and strength, or surgery to repair or replace damaged joints. In some cases, osteophytes may be removed surgically to relieve symptoms and improve joint function.
In summary, osteophyte is a term used to describe bony outgrowths that form on the surface of bones, typically in the joints. These growths can cause pain and interfere with joint movement and function, and may be associated with conditions such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment usually involves managing the underlying condition and may include medication, physical therapy, or surgery.
The exact cause of OD is not fully understood, but it is thought to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It can occur as a result of repetitive trauma or injury to the joint, such as from sports or other physical activities, or it may develop gradually over time without any specific incident.
Symptoms of OD can include:
* Pain in the affected joint, which may be exacerbated by activity or movement
* Swelling and stiffness in the joint
* Limited range of motion in the joint
* A popping or snapping sensation in the joint
To diagnose OD, a healthcare provider will typically perform a physical examination of the affected joint and order imaging tests, such as X-rays or an MRI, to confirm the presence of the condition. Treatment for OD depends on the severity of the condition and may include:
* Rest and avoidance of activities that exacerbate the condition
* Physical therapy to improve joint mobility and strength
* Medications such as pain relievers or anti-inflammatory drugs to manage symptoms
* Surgery in more severe cases to repair or remove the damaged cartilage and bone.
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint that connects the thigh bone (femur) to the pelvis. In a healthy hip joint, the smooth cartilage on the ends of the bones allows for easy movement and reduced friction. However, when the cartilage wears down due to age or injury, the bones can rub together, causing pain and stiffness.
Hip OA is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is more common in older adults, but it can also occur in younger people due to injuries or genetic factors. Women are more likely to develop hip OA than men, especially after the age of 50.
The symptoms of hip OA can vary, but they may include:
* Pain or stiffness in the groin or hip area
* Limited mobility or range of motion in the hip joint
* Cracking or grinding sounds when moving the hip joint
* Pain or discomfort when walking, standing, or engaging in other activities
If left untreated, hip OA can lead to further joint damage and disability. However, there are several treatment options available, including medications, physical therapy, and surgery, that can help manage the symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease.
In medicine, cadavers are used for a variety of purposes, such as:
1. Anatomy education: Medical students and residents learn about the human body by studying and dissecting cadavers. This helps them develop a deeper understanding of human anatomy and improves their surgical skills.
2. Research: Cadavers are used in scientific research to study the effects of diseases, injuries, and treatments on the human body. This helps scientists develop new medical techniques and therapies.
3. Forensic analysis: Cadavers can be used to aid in the investigation of crimes and accidents. By examining the body and its injuries, forensic experts can determine cause of death, identify suspects, and reconstruct events.
4. Organ donation: After death, cadavers can be used to harvest organs and tissues for transplantation into living patients. This can improve the quality of life for those with organ failure or other medical conditions.
5. Medical training simulations: Cadavers can be used to simulate real-life medical scenarios, allowing healthcare professionals to practice their skills in a controlled environment.
In summary, the term "cadaver" refers to the body of a deceased person and is used in the medical field for various purposes, including anatomy education, research, forensic analysis, organ donation, and medical training simulations.
There are several types of osteochondrosis, including:
1. Osteoarthritis: A degenerative condition where the cartilage in the joint wears down over time, leading to bone-on-bone contact and pain.
2. Osteochondritis dissecans: A condition where a piece of cartilage or bone within the joint becomes detached, causing pain and stiffness.
3. Osteochondral lesions: Localized areas of damage to the cartilage and/or bone within the joint, often caused by injury or repetitive strain.
4. Osteochondritis dissecans of the talus: A condition specific to the ankle joint, where a piece of cartilage and bone becomes detached, causing pain and stiffness.
Treatment for osteochondrosis depends on the severity and location of the condition, and may include physical therapy, medication, or in some cases, surgery. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time, as untreated osteochondrosis can lead to further joint damage and decreased mobility.
Synonyms: cartilage tumor, chondroid tumor, chondromatosis.
Etymology: From the Greek words "chondros," meaning cartilage, and "oma," meaning tumor.
Examples of Chondroma in a sentence:
1. The patient was diagnosed with a chondroma in their knee joint, which was causing pain and stiffness.
2. The surgeon removed the chondroma from the patient's lung, which had been compressing the bronchus and causing difficulty breathing.
3. The chondroma in the patient's heart was monitored with regular imaging studies to ensure it did not grow or cause any further complications.
4. The patient was advised to avoid heavy lifting or bending to prevent exacerbating their chondroma in the spine.
Chondrocalcinosis is a type of calcifying disorder, which is a group of conditions characterized by the deposition of minerals such as calcium and phosphate in soft tissues. This condition can affect various joints in the body, including the hips, knees, shoulders, and elbows.
In this article, we will explore the definition, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of chondrocalcinosis. We will also discuss the surgical procedures used to treat this condition and the potential complications that can arise.
Definition of Chondrocalcinosis:
Chondrocalcinosis is a medical term that refers to the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals within cartilage. This condition is also known as chondromalacia or calcifying joint disease. It is a type of calcifying disorder, which affects the cartilage in various joints throughout the body.
Causes of Chondrocalcinosis:
The exact cause of chondrocalcinosis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to aging, genetics, and certain medical conditions. Some risk factors for developing chondrocalcinosis include:
Age: The risk of developing chondrocalcinosis increases with age, with most cases occurring in people over the age of 50.
Family history: People with a family history of chondrocalcinosis are more likely to develop the condition.
Rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis: These conditions can increase the risk of developing chondrocalcinosis.
Other medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as hypothyroidism and hyperparathyroidism, can increase the risk of developing chondrocalcinosis.
Symptoms of Chondrocalcinosis:
The symptoms of chondrocalcinosis can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the joints affected. Common symptoms include:
Pain: Pain is one of the most common symptoms of chondrocalcinosis, particularly in the affected joint.
Stiffness: Joint stiffness and limited range of motion can also occur as a result of chondrocalcinosis.
Swelling: Swelling in the affected joint is another common symptom of chondrocalcinosis.
Redness: The affected joint may become red and warm to the touch due to inflammation.
Crepitus: Crepitus, or a grinding sensation, may be felt in the affected joint as a result of the calcium pyrophosphate crystals rubbing against each other.
Treatment of Chondrocalcinosis:
There is no cure for chondrocalcinosis, but there are several treatment options available to manage the symptoms and slow down the progression of the condition. These may include:
Pain relief medication: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.
Physical therapy: Gentle exercises and stretches can help maintain joint mobility and strength.
Joint injections: Injecting corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid into the affected joint can help reduce inflammation and relieve pain.
Surgery: In severe cases of chondrocalcinosis, surgery may be necessary to remove the calcium pyrophosphate crystals or repair damaged tissue.
Prevention of Chondrocalcinosis:
There is no guaranteed way to prevent chondrocalcinosis, but there are several measures that can help reduce the risk of developing the condition. These may include:
Maintaining a healthy weight: Excessive weight can put additional strain on the joints and increase the risk of developing chondrocalcinosis.
Staying active: Regular exercise can help maintain joint mobility and strength, reducing the risk of developing chondrocalcinosis.
Wearing protective gear: Wearing protective gear such as knee pads or elbow pads when engaging in activities that involve repetitive stress on the joints can help reduce the risk of developing chondrocalcinosis.
Avoiding excessive stress on the joints: Avoiding activities that involve repetitive stress on the joints, such as heavy lifting or bending, can help reduce the risk of developing chondrocalcinosis.
Early diagnosis and treatment of chondrocalcinosis can help manage symptoms and slow down the progression of the condition. If you suspect you may have chondrocalcinosis, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.
The diagnosis of achondroplasia is typically made based on physical examination, medical history, and imaging studies such as X-rays or CT scans. There is no cure for achondroplasia, but treatment may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, and surgery to correct associated health problems such as spinal curvature or bowed legs.
The prognosis for individuals with achondroplasia varies depending on the severity of the condition and the presence of any associated health problems. With proper medical care and support, many individuals with achondroplasia can lead active and fulfilling lives. However, they may face challenges related to social stigma, access to education and employment, and other aspects of daily life.
The prevalence of achondroplasia is estimated to be about 1 in 25,000 to 1 in 40,000 births. It affects both males and females equally, and there is no known ethnic or racial predilection. There is a high risk of recurrence in families, with a 50% chance that an affected parent will pass the mutated gene to each child.
In conclusion, achondroplasia is a rare genetic disorder that affects the development of cartilage and bone, leading to short stature and characteristic physical features. While there is no cure for the condition, proper medical care and support can help individuals with achondroplasia lead fulfilling lives. With increased awareness and understanding of the condition, more individuals with achondroplasia are able to access education, employment, and other resources that support their well-being and independence.
A rare autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and damage to cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, often leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. The condition is often triggered by infections or exposure to certain medications, and can be difficult to diagnose due to its diverse range of symptoms. Treatment typically involves immunosuppressive medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue.
Polychondritis, relapsing: A rare autoimmune disorder affecting cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, often causing arthritis and skin rashes. The condition is difficult to diagnose due to its diverse range of symptoms, but treatment involves immunosuppressive medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body. The condition can cause a wide range of symptoms, including arthritis, skin rashes, and inflammation in various organs and joints. It is often triggered by infections or exposure to certain medications, and can be difficult to diagnose due to its diverse range of symptoms. Treatment typically involves immunosuppressive medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, causing arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment involves immunosuppressive medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and damage to cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, often leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves immunosuppressive medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, causing arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment involves immunosuppressive medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves immunosuppressive medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment often involves immunosuppressive medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves immunosuppressive medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue. In some cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment usually involves immunosuppressive medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves immunosuppressive medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue. In some cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to treat severe cases of the disorder.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment often involves a combination of medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to treat the disorder effectively.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves a combination of medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue. In some cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to treat severe cases of the disorder effectively.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment often involves a combination of medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to treat the disorder effectively.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves a combination of medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue. In some cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to treat severe cases of the disorder effectively.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment often involves a combination of medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to treat the disorder effectively.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves a combination of medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue. In some cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to treat severe cases of the disorder effectively.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment often involves a combination of medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to treat the disorder effectively.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves a combination of medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue. In some cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to treat severe cases of the disorder effectively.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment often involves a combination of medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to treat the disorder effectively.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment often involves a combination of medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue. In some cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to treat severe cases of the disorder effectively.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment often involves a combination of medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to treat the disorder effectively.
Polychondritis, relapsing is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment often involves a combination of medications and surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to treat the disorder effectively.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation in cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis and skin rashes. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation in cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation in cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation in cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation in cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation in cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation in cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation in cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation in cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation in cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation in cartilage and connective tissue throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as arthritis, skin rashes, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as surgery to repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to effectively treat the disorder.
Disease progression can be classified into several types based on the pattern of worsening:
1. Chronic progressive disease: In this type, the disease worsens steadily over time, with a gradual increase in symptoms and decline in function. Examples include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and Parkinson's disease.
2. Acute progressive disease: This type of disease worsens rapidly over a short period, often followed by periods of stability. Examples include sepsis, acute myocardial infarction (heart attack), and stroke.
3. Cyclical disease: In this type, the disease follows a cycle of worsening and improvement, with periodic exacerbations and remissions. Examples include multiple sclerosis, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis.
4. Recurrent disease: This type is characterized by episodes of worsening followed by periods of recovery. Examples include migraine headaches, asthma, and appendicitis.
5. Catastrophic disease: In this type, the disease progresses rapidly and unpredictably, with a poor prognosis. Examples include cancer, AIDS, and organ failure.
Disease progression can be influenced by various factors, including:
1. Genetics: Some diseases are inherited and may have a predetermined course of progression.
2. Lifestyle: Factors such as smoking, lack of exercise, and poor diet can contribute to disease progression.
3. Environmental factors: Exposure to toxins, allergens, and other environmental stressors can influence disease progression.
4. Medical treatment: The effectiveness of medical treatment can impact disease progression, either by slowing or halting the disease process or by causing unintended side effects.
5. Co-morbidities: The presence of multiple diseases or conditions can interact and affect each other's progression.
Understanding the type and factors influencing disease progression is essential for developing effective treatment plans and improving patient outcomes.
There are several types of hypertrophy, including:
1. Muscle hypertrophy: The enlargement of muscle fibers due to increased protein synthesis and cell growth, often seen in individuals who engage in resistance training exercises.
2. Cardiac hypertrophy: The enlargement of the heart due to an increase in cardiac workload, often seen in individuals with high blood pressure or other cardiovascular conditions.
3. Adipose tissue hypertrophy: The excessive growth of fat cells, often seen in individuals who are obese or have insulin resistance.
4. Neurological hypertrophy: The enlargement of neural structures such as brain or spinal cord due to an increase in the number of neurons or glial cells, often seen in individuals with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's.
5. Hepatic hypertrophy: The enlargement of the liver due to an increase in the number of liver cells, often seen in individuals with liver disease or cirrhosis.
6. Renal hypertrophy: The enlargement of the kidneys due to an increase in blood flow and filtration, often seen in individuals with kidney disease or hypertension.
7. Ovarian hypertrophy: The enlargement of the ovaries due to an increase in the number of follicles or hormonal imbalances, often seen in individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Hypertrophy can be diagnosed through various medical tests such as imaging studies (e.g., CT scans, MRI), biopsies, and blood tests. Treatment options for hypertrophy depend on the underlying cause and may include medications, lifestyle changes, and surgery.
In conclusion, hypertrophy is a growth or enlargement of cells, tissues, or organs in response to an excessive stimulus. It can occur in various parts of the body, including the brain, liver, kidneys, heart, muscles, and ovaries. Understanding the underlying causes and diagnosis of hypertrophy is crucial for effective treatment and management of related health conditions.
Heterotopic ossification can cause a range of symptoms depending on its location and severity, including pain, stiffness, limited mobility, and difficulty moving the affected limb or joint. Treatment options for heterotopic ossification include medications to reduce inflammation and pain, physical therapy to maintain range of motion, and in severe cases, surgical removal of the abnormal bone growth.
In medical imaging, heterotopic ossification is often diagnosed using X-rays or other imaging techniques such as CT or MRI scans. These tests can help identify the presence of bone growth in an abnormal location and determine the extent of the condition.
Overall, heterotopic ossification is a relatively rare condition that can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life if left untreated. Prompt medical attention and appropriate treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent long-term complications.
Word in the news:
A recent study published in The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery found that hemarthrosis is a common complication of knee replacement surgery, occurring in up to 20% of patients. Researchers recommend that patients be carefully monitored for signs of hemarthrosis after surgery and receive prompt treatment to minimize the risk of long-term joint damage.
1. Leukemia: A type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, characterized by an overproduction of immature white blood cells.
2. Lymphoma: A type of cancer that affects the immune system, often involving the lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues.
3. Multiple myeloma: A type of cancer that affects the plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to an overproduction of abnormal plasma cells.
4. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS): A group of disorders characterized by the impaired development of blood cells in the bone marrow.
5. Osteopetrosis: A rare genetic disorder that causes an overgrowth of bone, leading to a thickened bone marrow.
6. Bone marrow failure: A condition where the bone marrow is unable to produce enough blood cells, leading to anemia, infection, and other complications.
7. Myelofibrosis: A condition characterized by the scarring of the bone marrow, which can lead to an overproduction of blood cells and an increased risk of bleeding and infection.
8. Polycythemia vera: A rare blood disorder that causes an overproduction of red blood cells, leading to an increased risk of blood clots and other complications.
9. Essential thrombocythemia: A rare blood disorder that causes an overproduction of platelets, leading to an increased risk of blood clots and other complications.
10. Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs): A group of rare blood disorders that are characterized by the overproduction of blood cells and an increased risk of bleeding and infection.
These are just a few examples of bone marrow diseases. There are many other conditions that can affect the bone marrow, and each one can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life. If you suspect that you or someone you know may have a bone marrow disease, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. A healthcare professional can perform tests and provide a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
1. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI): This is a genetic disorder that affects the formation of collagen, which is essential for bone strength and density. People with OI have brittle bones that are prone to fractures, often from minimal trauma.
2. Achondroplasia: This is the most common form of short-limbed dwarfism, caused by a genetic mutation that affects the development of cartilage and bone. People with achondroplasia have short stature, short limbs, and characteristic facial features.
3. Cleidocranial dysostosis: This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the development of the skull and collarbones. People with cleidocranial dysostosis may have misshapen or absent collarbones, as well as other skeletal abnormalities.
4. Fibrous dysplasia: This is a benign bone tumor that can affect any bone in the body. It is caused by a genetic mutation that causes an overgrowth of fibrous tissue in the bone, leading to deformity and weakness.
5. Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED): This is a group of disorders that affect the growth plates at the ends of long bones, leading to irregular bone growth and deformity. MED can be caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors.
These are just a few examples of developmental bone diseases. There are many other conditions that can affect the formation and development of bones during fetal life or childhood, each with its own unique set of symptoms and characteristics.
The term "lathyrism" was first used in the medical field in the early 20th century to describe this condition. It is considered a rare disease and is mostly seen in countries where sweet peas are consumed as a food source. The condition is usually diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies.
Treatment for lathyrism typically involves supportive care to manage symptoms, such as physical therapy to improve muscle strength and mobility, and medication to relieve twitching and spasticity. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to release contracted muscles or tendons.
Prevention of lathyrism is key to avoiding the condition altogether. This can be achieved by avoiding the consumption of sweet peas and products made from them, especially in areas where the plant is known to be toxic. Education and awareness about the risks of consuming sweet peas can also help prevent the condition.
FAI is a common cause of hip pain in young adults and athletes who participate in high-impact activities such as running or jumping. It can also occur in older individuals as a result of wear and tear on the joint over time. The condition is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, imaging tests such as X-rays or MRIs, and patient history.
FAI can be classified into three types based on the location and severity of the impingement:
1. Cam impingement: This occurs when the femur is not properly positioned in the socket, causing the head of the femur to jam against the rim of the acetabulum.
2. Pincer impingement: This occurs when the acetabulum is too deep and covers the femur head, causing it to be pinched between the bone and soft tissue.
3. Combination impingement: This occurs when both cam and pincer impingements are present.
Treatment for FAI typically involves a combination of non-surgical and surgical options, depending on the severity of the condition and the individual patient's needs. Non-surgical treatment may include physical therapy to improve strength and range of motion, medication to reduce pain and inflammation, and lifestyle modifications such as avoiding activities that exacerbate the condition. Surgical options may include hip arthroscopy to remove any bone spurs or repair damaged tissue, or hip replacement surgery if the joint is severely damaged.
Cartilage
Meckel's cartilage
Shark cartilage
Cartilage piercing
Cartilage Baroque
Thyroid cartilage
Costal cartilage
Cartilage tumor
Cartilage (journal)
Cartilage conduction
Hyaline cartilage
Vomeronasal cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Artificial cartilage
Triradiate cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Trabecular cartilage
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia
Lateral nasal cartilage
Cartilage associated protein
Minor alar cartilage
Articular cartilage damage
Major alar cartilage
Articular cartilage repair
Septal nasal cartilage
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
Knee cartilage replacement therapy
Cartilage-derived angiogenesis inhibitor
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein
'Cartilage Diseases'[majr:noexp] AND humans[mh] AND english[la] AND 'last 1 Year' [edat] NOT (letter[pt] OR case reports[pt] OR...
Cartilage Disorders | MedlinePlus
Keyword: Cartilage
Cephalopoda Fin Cartilage
Engineering Cartilage | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Vomeronasal cartilage Definition & Meaning | Merriam-Webster Medical
Recharging cartilage after knee damage
Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia | Johns Hopkins Medicine
Cartilage | Hackaday
Polymorphonuclear granulocytes at the pannus-cartilage junction in rheumatoid arthritis
Three-dimensional fabric "scaffold" to repair cartilage damage
The role of TGF-beta3 in cartilage development and osteoarthritis | Bone Research
Cartilage News, Articles | The Scientist Magazine®
Nanofiber Based Engineered Cartilage | NIAMS
BOVINE CARTILAGE: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews
Growth cartilage | Nikon's Small World
Shark cartilage - Uniprix
Engineered cartilage produces anti-inflammatory drug | National Institute on Aging
NIH Guide: BASIC RESEARCH ON BIOMECHANICAL SIGNALING MECHANISMS IN CARTILAGE
Browse in Bone, Joint, and Cartilage | AVMA
shark cartilage | Health Topics | NutritionFacts.org
Cartilage Diseases | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Hierarchical organization of cartilage proteoglycans - PubMed
NIH VideoCast - Cartilage Preservation and Restoration for Knee Osteoarthritis
infected cartilage - The Lounge - Coldplaying
Microscopic appearance of hyaline cartilage | Channels for Pearson+
healthy cartilage Archives - Be Well Buzz
Battery Prototype Incorporates Cartilage-Like Material
Cartilage Restoration and Transplantation | St. Jude Medical Center | Providence
Specialized cartilage-produ1
- Researchers developed a 3-D scaffold that guides the development of stem cells into specialized cartilage-producing cells. (nih.gov)
Tissue28
- Cartilage is the tough but flexible tissue that covers the ends of your bones at a joint. (medlineplus.gov)
- Cartilage is the slippery tissue that covers the ends of bones in a joint. (nih.gov)
- Replacing cartilage in this and other situations has been a major goal in tissue engineering. (nih.gov)
- Scaffold-mediated lentiviral transduction for functional tissue engineering of cartilage. (nih.gov)
- This persistent problem has been challenging to address, as joint repair techniques, such as cartilage grafts, have extensive limitations, and current tissue regeneration treatments have limited use in human patients. (nih.gov)
- While most tissue engineering methods rely on growing artificial tissues in the lab, this regenerative medicine technique recruits the body's own cells to facilitate healing of the damaged cartilage," said David Rampulla, Ph.D., director of the division of Discovery Science & Technology at NIBIB. (nih.gov)
- Traditional surgical treatments for cartilage defects can involve a cartilage graft to replace the damaged tissue. (nih.gov)
- Other treatments under investigation include growing cartilage in a tissue dish, but so far, this process is time-consuming and has a variety of limitations. (nih.gov)
- By taking a synthetic material that already has the properties of cartilage and combining it with living cells, we can build a human tissue that can be integrated rapidly into the body, representing a new approach in the field of tissue engineering," Moutos said. (news-medical.net)
- Once implanted, the cartilage cells will grow throughout the scaffold, and over time the scaffold will slowly dissolve, leaving the new cartilage tissue" he said. (news-medical.net)
- Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that lines the ends of bones, providing cushioning and a smooth surface for their movement within the joint. (news-medical.net)
- Damage to cartilage is difficult to treat, the researchers said, because the tissue lacks a supply of blood, nerve and lymph and has limited capacity for repair. (news-medical.net)
- Articular cartilage serves as a low-friction, load-bearing tissue without the support with blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves, making its repair a big challenge. (nature.com)
- Articular cartilage, a smooth and wear-resistant tissue covering the surface of joints, supports and distributes applied loads. (nature.com)
- The tissue, grown on a 3-D scaffold and seeded from the kids' own cells, was transplanted to correct deformities in their cartilage. (the-scientist.com)
- This photograph shows a sample of tissue engineered cartilage produced using a biodegradable nanofibrous scaffold seeded with adult human mesenchymal stem cells. (nih.gov)
- Joints such as those in the knees and hands rely on cartilage tissue to keep the bones from rubbing together. (nih.gov)
- Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE). (harvard.edu)
- At a low magnification, the cartilage can be identified as the bubbly looking tissue, many times, sandwiched between other tissue types. (pearson.com)
- Notice the similarities and differences between the cartilage and the surrounding adipose tissue. (pearson.com)
- For larger areas of bone and cartilage loss, our orthopedic surgeons use healthy cartilage from a tissue bank and transplant it to the damaged area of the knee. (providence.org)
- Typically performed on active individuals under 50 with premature arthritis, the donated cartilage and bone eventually functions as the patient's own tissue. (providence.org)
- By rebuilding the knee's natural shock absorber with meniscus cartilage from a tissue bank, we return function and stability. (providence.org)
- MIT engineers have built a new tissue scaffold that can stimulate bone and cartilage growth when transplanted into the knees and other joints. (mit.edu)
- In fact, they have already demonstrated that their high-efficiency approach can be used to produce potentially therapeutic amounts of human bone, cartilage, and heart tissue within a very short time frame. (nih.gov)
- The subject technology discloses a tissue engineering method for treating cartilage damage. (nih.gov)
- Literature review: The articular cartilage is a highly specialized tissue that reduces joint friction and distributes forces related to high mechanical loads between bone ends. (bvsalud.org)
- Accordingly, tissue engineering could overcome these limitations by producing in vitro cartilage substitutes. (bvsalud.org)
Articular cartilage repair2
- Subchondral Drilling Independent of Drill Hole Number Improves Articular Cartilage Repair and Reduces Subchondral Bone Alterations Compared With Debridement in Adult Sheep. (harvard.edu)
- Final considerations: Current treatments for articular cartilage repair have major limitations. (bvsalud.org)
Collagen6
- They found that these conditions resulted in increased production of components that make up cartilage, such as collagen and glycosaminoglycans (a type of polysaccharide). (nih.gov)
- Scientists used a titanium wire framework to help ears made from collagen and sheep cartilage cells maintain their shape. (the-scientist.com)
- To sidestep these trade-offs, the researchers used zinc-a legitimate structural material-and branched nanofibers that resemble the collagen fibers of cartilage. (designworldonline.com)
- In the batteries, aramid nanofibers-the stuff in bulletproof vests-stand in for collagen, with polyethylene oxide (a chain-like, carbon-based molecule) and a zinc salt replacing soft components of cartilage. (designworldonline.com)
- A patient's cartilage cells are harvested, embedded on a special collagen membrane and grown in a laboratory culture. (providence.org)
- Initial osteoarthritic changes include proteoglycan loss, deterioration of the collagen network, and increased water content within the articular cartilage and menisci. (nih.gov)
Shark cartilage14
- Don't confuse bovine cartilage with shark cartilage or chondroitin sulfate . (webmd.com)
- Shark cartilage is obtained from three species of shark found in the Pacific Ocean. (uniprix.com)
- It was thought that shark cartilage could inhibit the growth of new vessels required to nourish a growing tumor. (uniprix.com)
- Shark cartilage is made up of about 40% proteins, 5-20% glycoaminoglycans as well as calcium salts. (uniprix.com)
- Shark cartilage is usually not associated with any severe toxicity. (uniprix.com)
- If shark cartilage does have the properties claimed, it should not be used following myocardial infarction or surgery. (uniprix.com)
- Since there is no safety data available concerning its use during pregnancy and breast-feeding, pregnant and lactating women should avoid shark cartilage. (uniprix.com)
- Back in the early 1990s, the shark cartilage craze was in full bloom. (nih.gov)
- Inspired by a best-selling 1992 book "Sharks Don't Get Cancer," both healthy people and those stricken with cancer were popping pills of pulverized shark cartilage with hopes of staying healthy or even completely curing themselves of malignant tumors. (nih.gov)
- Unfortunately, shark cartilage did not live up to its reputation. (nih.gov)
- Gradually the research turned to shark cartilage, because pound for pound, sharks have more cartilage than cows. (nih.gov)
- Also, researchers thought that shark cartilage might be more active than bovine cartilage in preventing new blood vessels from being formed. (nih.gov)
- To date over a dozen clinical trials have been conducted on shark cartilage as a cancer treatment. (nih.gov)
- The most recent clinical trials, sponsored by the NCI and the Mayo Clinic, involved a liquid extract of shark cartilage called Neovastat, administered orally. (nih.gov)
Treating cartilage damage1
- Current strategies for treating cartilage damage, such as surgery or cartilage implants, are fairly limited, said Farshid Guilak, Ph.D., director of orthopedic research at Duke and senior member of the research team. (news-medical.net)
Chondrocytes4
- Chondrocytes, cells found throughout cartilage, produce and maintain the structure. (nih.gov)
- Raw material for the print was taken from the vestigial ear of the patient in the form of cartilage cells, or chondrocytes. (hackaday.com)
- The research should be specifically targeted towards understanding the signal transduction and regulatory pathways through which articular cartilage chondrocytes sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. (nih.gov)
- Cartilage is composed of sparsely distributed chondrocytes and an extracellular matrix (ECM). (nih.gov)
Areas of cartilage damage2
- The use of this scaffold will also permit doctors to treat larger areas of cartilage damage, since the current approaches are only suitable for repairing smaller areas of cartilage damage or injury. (news-medical.net)
- We routinely treat isolated areas of cartilage damage by removing a small section of the patient's own bone and cartilage from a non-weight bearing area and using it to resurface the damaged area of the knee. (providence.org)
Arthritis5
- In osteoarthritis (the most common type of arthritis), cartilage breaks down and wears away. (nih.gov)
- The scaffold could offer a potential new treatment for sports injuries and other cartilage damage, such as arthritis, says Lorna Gibson, the Matoula S. Salapatas Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and co-leader of the research team with Professor William Bonfield of Cambridge University. (mit.edu)
- Sharks may be less likely to get cancer than humans because of their abundance of ECM, which just so happens to be a major component of cartilage," said David Hall, group leader of the NIAMS Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch, who had studied the cartilage-anticancer connection for several years before turning more of his attention to osteoporosis and arthritis. (nih.gov)
- Nature Insight: Bone and Cartilage , a special supplement to the journal Nature Medicine, is now available through the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). (nih.gov)
- Topics include patterning of skeletal structures, bone and cartilage development, the influence of genetics on human skeletal biology, factors that control bone mass, and disease-causing mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis. (nih.gov)
Patient's5
- Treatment options for cartilage hair hypoplasia vary depending on each patient's symptoms and may include surgery. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Often, cartilage from the ribcage is used when reconstructing a patient's nose. (hackaday.com)
- The US Food and Drug Administration approves a device, seeded with a patient's own cells, which can help repair damaged knee cartilage-a first for autologous cartilage technology. (the-scientist.com)
- The next generation of cartilage repair-called MACI (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation) -uses regenerated cartilage grown from the patient's own cartilage cells. (providence.org)
- New techniques use a bone-friendly scaffolding material, such as a sponge allograft, to hold the patient's own stem cells in place until new cartilage forms, assisting the body's natural healing process for torn ligaments and joints. (foothealthfacts.org)
Chondrocyte4
- Since TGF-β3 is involved in maintaining the balance between chondrogenic differentiation and chondrocyte hypertrophy, its regulatory role is especially important to cartilage development. (nature.com)
- A cartilage cell, called a chondrocyte, is stimulated with a very small glass pipette, about 1/5 the diameter of a human hair. (nih.gov)
- Repairing Cartilage with Processed Chondrocyte Constructs: A 6-Month Study Using a Porcine Model. (harvard.edu)
- Etiology of Cartilage Lesions Does Not Affect Clinical Outcomes of Patellofemoral Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation. (harvard.edu)
Hyaline cartilage6
-  Microscopic Appearance of Hyaline Cartilage Similar to a transparent bar of soap, the matrix of hyaline cartilage has a distinct, clear look. (pearson.com)
- Hyaline cartilage is widely located, and can be found, for example, on the ends of long bones. (pearson.com)
- Hyaline cartilage has a strong matrix, so it provides structure and strength wherever it's found. (pearson.com)
- Let's finish by reviewing the microscopic appearance of hyaline cartilage. (pearson.com)
- Hyaline cartilage at 40x. (pearson.com)
- The new hyaline cartilage is stable and hypertrophy-resistant. (nih.gov)
Progenitor cells1
- articular cartilage progenitor cells causes osteoarthritis. (bvsalud.org)
Proteoglycans2
- Proteoglycans in Articular Cartilage and Their Contribution to Chondral Injury and Repair Mechanisms. (nih.gov)
- The hierarchical organization of cartilage proteoglycans is investigated on different length and time scales using osmotic pressure measurements, small angle neutron scattering (SANS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), static and dynamic light scattering and neutron spin echo techniques. (nih.gov)
Bone marrow3
- Researchers recovered the cells that give rise to bone and cartilage from fetal and adult bone marrow and also derived them from induced pluripotent stem cells. (the-scientist.com)
- When implanted into a joint, the scaffold can stimulate mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow to produce new bone and cartilage. (mit.edu)
- Stem cells from bone marrow are attached to a novel scaffold, hyaluronic acid-coated fibrin microbeads, and transferred to a live host to form cartilage. (nih.gov)
Regeneration7
- Cartilage repair and regeneration are treated for an otherwise healthy knee not for the knees affected with osteoarthritis. (researchandmarkets.com)
- Ground-breaking cartilage regeneration isn't exactly the Fountain of Youth. (foothealthfacts.org)
- Foot and ankle surgeons are studying revolutionary advances in cartilage regeneration for foot and ankle injuries. (foothealthfacts.org)
- According to Pennsylvania foot and ankle surgeon Stephen A. Brigido, DPM, FACFAS, these include bioengineered scaffolding for reconstruction surgery, microfracture techniques and stem cell cartilage regeneration. (foothealthfacts.org)
- Whereas in the past, a loss of cartilage meant a loss of functionality, today's advances promote cartilage regeneration,' explains conference presenter and Orlando-based surgeon Robert J. Duggan, DPM, FACFAS. (foothealthfacts.org)
- With today's scientific advances,' Dr. Brigido notes, 'joint reconstruction surgery with cartilage regeneration offers real hope for long-term functionality. (foothealthfacts.org)
- Such advances in cartilage regeneration get all patients back to normal faster than ever before. (foothealthfacts.org)
Form cartilage1
- Cells with these circuits were then grown to form cartilage. (nih.gov)
Native cartilage3
- To combat this issue, NIBIB-funded researchers are developing an implantable, biodegradable film that helps to regenerate the native cartilage at the site of damage. (nih.gov)
- Additionally, this laboratory-grown cartilage is not as durable as native cartilage. (news-medical.net)
- In laboratory tests, the fabric scaffold that the researchers have created had the same mechanical properties as native cartilage. (news-medical.net)
Bovine cartilage12
- Bovine cartilage comes from cows (bovine). (webmd.com)
- Bovine cartilage might work by providing chemicals needed for rebuilding cartilage in people with osteoarthritis . (webmd.com)
- People use bovine cartilage for osteoarthritis, wound healing, recovery from laser skin therapy, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. (webmd.com)
- Bovine cartilage is possibly safe. (webmd.com)
- Bovine cartilage is possibly safe for most people. (webmd.com)
- There isn't enough reliable information to know if bovine cartilage is safe to use when pregnant or breast-feeding. (webmd.com)
- There isn't enough reliable information to know what an appropriate dose of bovine cartilage might be. (webmd.com)
- Durie, B. G., Soehnlen, B., and Prudden, J. F. Antitumor activity of bovine cartilage extract (Catrix-S) in the human tumor stem cell assay. (webmd.com)
- Schacht, E. and Roetz, R. Nephrotic syndrome after injections of bovine cartilage and marrow extract. (webmd.com)
- Studies from the late 1960s revealed that bovine cartilage reduced inflammation. (nih.gov)
- Building on this, research from the 1970s found that bovine cartilage contains a substance that blocks angiogenesis and thus could check tumor growth. (nih.gov)
- The 1980s brought laboratory and animal studies and the first clinical trials testing bovine cartilage as a treatment for cancer. (nih.gov)
Protect Cartilage2
- Glucosamine: Does It Protect Cartilage in Osteoarthritis? (medlineplus.gov)
- Finally, the researchers tested whether production of IL-1Ra could protect cartilage cells in an inflammatory environment, similar to that seen in osteoarthritis. (nih.gov)
Regenerate cartilage1
- That way, when the joint bears weight from movement or exercise, the film produces an electrical charge that recruits and stimulates cells to regenerate cartilage at the area of damage. (nih.gov)
Pathology4
- Transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3), a vital member of the highly conserved TGF-β superfamily, plays a versatile role in cartilage physiology and pathology. (nature.com)
- In this review, we systematically summarize recent progress in the research on TGF-β3 in cartilage physiology and pathology, providing up-to-date strategies for cartilage repair and preventive treatment. (nature.com)
- Moreover, they have specialized and overlapping effects on cartilage physiology and pathology. (nature.com)
- This analysis identified FGFR3 signalling as a therapeutic target, and injection of its activator, FGF18, caused proliferation of Grem1 -lineage CP cells , increased cartilage thickness, and reduced OA pathology . (bvsalud.org)
Autologous1
- Recently, TGF-β3 has been recognized as a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis (OA) owing to its protective effect, which it confers by enhancing the recruitment of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to damaged cartilage. (nature.com)
Scaffold7
- Instead, a nanocellulose hydrogel made from pulped softwood, combined with hyaluronic acid, may be a viable printable material for creating a scaffold for cartilage cells. (hackaday.com)
- The patients own cartilage cells can be used to populate the scaffold, essentially growing a new nose structure from scratch. (hackaday.com)
- Also, since the scaffold is a woven material, there are tiny spaces where cartilage cells can nestle and grow. (news-medical.net)
- If someone had a damaged region in the cartilage, you could remove the cartilage and the bone below it and put our scaffold in the hole," said Gibson. (mit.edu)
- The scaffold has two layers, one that mimics bone and one that mimics cartilage. (mit.edu)
- In that study, the scaffold successfully stimulated bone and cartilage growth after being implanted in the goats' knees. (mit.edu)
- Once that was done, the team decided to try to create a two-layer scaffold to regenerate both bone and cartilage (known as an osteochondral scaffold). (mit.edu)
Knee Osteoarthritis3
- Over the last decade, a variety of regenerative medicine approaches that either preserve articular cartilage in people who started with a focal cartilage injury and thus are at a higher risk of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA) or restore defective articular cartilage in patients with symptomatic knee OA have been investigated. (nih.gov)
- Cartilage preservation and restoration for knee osteoarthritis / NIAMS, NIH. (nih.gov)
- Electronic searches in PubMed were performed to identify relevant studies about T2 relaxation time measurements as non-invasive biomarker for knee osteoarthritis (OA) and cartilage repair procedures. (nih.gov)
NIAMS1
- Nature Insight: Bone and Cartilage was produced with support from the NIAMS, a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' National Institutes of Health (NIH). (nih.gov)
Tissues2
Extracellular matrix2
Joint10
- These cartilage grafts are either taken from somewhere else in the body (from a non-weight bearing joint, for example) or are taken from a donor. (nih.gov)
- But instead of hooking up wires or a battery to a damaged joint, Nguyen and colleagues are using a different approach-inside the damaged cartilage, they are implanting biodegradable films with piezoelectric properties that generate an electrical charge when compressed. (nih.gov)
- The first joints to be treated this way would likely be hips and shoulders, though the approach should work for cartilage damage in any joint. (news-medical.net)
- The only bioengineering approach to such joint repair involves removing cartilage cells from patients and then "growing" them in a laboratory to form new cartilage. (news-medical.net)
- Ivan Martin talks about the promise of using cell-based therapies to regenerate joint cartilage. (the-scientist.com)
- We are at the forefront of successfully treating and repairing cartilage damage and its resulting joint pain. (providence.org)
- Most often used to restore function to the knee, in some cases, cartilage transplantation can also successfully treat joint problems in the shoulder. (providence.org)
- Ongoing advances in preserving and placing the newly grown or donor cartilage are creating successful, long-term solutions-helping to prevent arthritic changes while delaying or eliminating the need for joint replacement. (providence.org)
- Articular cartilage is made up of a solid rubbery material which covers up to the end of the knee joint bones. (researchandmarkets.com)
- Here, using lineage tracing in mice , we show that the BMP-antagonist Gremlin 1 ( Grem1 ) marks a novel chondrogenic progenitor (CP) cell population in the articular surface that generates joint cartilage and subchondral bone during development and adulthood. (bvsalud.org)
Diseases6
- The regulatory activities of MALAT1 in the development of bone and cartilage diseases. (nih.gov)
- But there aren't any reports of diseases being transmitted through cartilage products. (webmd.com)
- Cartilage Diseases" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cartilage Diseases" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Cartilage Diseases" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Cartilage Diseases" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
- Thus, trauma and certain inflammatory diseases that affect the articular cartilage may severely compromise quality of life, causing pain and disability. (bvsalud.org)
Defects1
- Algorithm for Treatment of Focal Cartilage Defects of the Knee: Classic and New Procedures. (harvard.edu)
Injuries1
- As we age, or if we suffer certain injuries, the smooth, slippery white cartilage covering the ends of our bones begins to fray and degrade. (nih.gov)
Membrane3
- An isolated fin (left) and an isolated fin cartilage (right) attach to the shell via the shell sac (the shell sac is a thin, tough membrane tightly covering the shell and is not apparent in the drawing). (tolweb.org)
- The researchers first identified a protein called TRPV4 in the membrane of cartilage cells that senses alterations within cells under compression. (nih.gov)
- But in the rechargeable batteries, the cartilage-like membrane replaces the standard separator and alkaline electrolyte. (designworldonline.com)
Aggrecan1
- This property allows aggrecan to play a role of ion reservoir that can mediate calcium metabolism in cartilage and bone. (nih.gov)
Growth5
- Nguyen explained how the electrical charge stimulated new cartilage growth: "We found that cells grown on the piezoelectric scaffolds under pressure had enhanced secretion of an important growth factor involved in wound healing, known as TGF-beta," he said. (nih.gov)
- In the near future, surgeons will be able to impregnate custom-designed scaffolds with cartilage-forming stem cells and chemicals that stimulate their growth and then implant them into patients during a single procedure, the researchers said. (news-medical.net)
- Geckos injected with neural stem cells modified to block cartilage growth developed the skeletal and nervous components normally lacking from regrown tails. (the-scientist.com)
- The top section, indicated by the green arrow, stimulates bone growth, while the lower half, marked by the orange arrow, stimulates cartilage growth. (mit.edu)
- While the use of cartilage as medicine has not yet proven fruitful, NIH intramural scientists have identified unique characteristics in cartilage that someday could be exploited to slow or stop cancer growth. (nih.gov)
Deterioration2
- Osteoarthritis-a painful condition that results from the deterioration of the cartilage in our joints-affects millions of people worldwide. (nih.gov)
- Cartilage damage or deterioration are generally caused by the conditions like the natural cartilage damage from aging, sports injury or trauma, redundant utilization of the joints, congenital abnormalities and osteochondritis dessicans. (researchandmarkets.com)
Therapies1
- Current therapies to repair cartilage damage are not effective, the researchers said. (news-medical.net)
Stimulates1
- Rather than treating osteoarthritis by using a cartilage graft at the site of injury, we wanted to develop a therapy that stimulates the native, damaged cartilage to regenerate itself," explained Thanh Nguyen, Ph.D., an associate professor at the University of Connecticut. (nih.gov)
Knees1
- Your knees and your smartphone battery have some surprisingly similar needs, a University of Michigan professor has discovered, and that new insight has led to a "structural battery" prototype that incorporates a cartilage-like material to make the batteries highly durable and easy to shape. (designworldonline.com)
Cells10
- In their study, the researchers first evaluated how well their piezoelectric films could enhance chondrogenesis, or cartilage formation, of stem cells grown in the lab. (nih.gov)
- A research team led by Dr. Farshid Guilak from Washington University in St. Louis has been testing whether cartilage cells could be engineered to protect themselves from inflammation. (nih.gov)
- In a proof-of-concept study, the team altered cartilage cells from pigs to produce an anti-inflammatory molecule when stressed. (nih.gov)
- The team showed that, in response, TRPV4 activates specific genetic pathways in cartilage cells associated with inflammation and metabolism. (nih.gov)
- As the cartilage cells regenerate and fill the cartilage defect, function and range of motion are restored. (providence.org)
- or removing cartilage cells from the body, stimulating them to grow in the lab and re-implanting them. (mit.edu)
- The tension supplied by the muscle cells is essential for proper development of those neatly organized cartilage rings. (nih.gov)
- Human bone cell progenitors, derived from stem cells, were injected under the skin of mice and formed mineralized structures containing cartilage (1-2) and bone (3). (nih.gov)
- Cartilage and the ECM have protection mechanisms in place to ensure that their environments limit the movement of invading cells, MMP activity and blood vessels formation. (nih.gov)
- Objective: To review the literature regarding sources of cells, scaffolds, and morphogenic agents currently used to produce articular cartilage. (bvsalud.org)
20201
- The model discusses in detail the impact of COVID-19 on Cartilage Repair Devices market for the year 2020 and beyond. (researchandmarkets.com)
Repair6
- Cartilage Repair (Orthopedic Devices) - Global Market Analysis and Forecast Model (COVID-19 Market Impact) is built to visualize quantitative market trends within Orthopedic Devices therapeutic area. (researchandmarkets.com)
- Annualized total Cartilage Repair Devices market revenue by segment and market outlooks from 2015-2030. (researchandmarkets.com)
- SWOT analysis for Cartilage Repair Devices. (researchandmarkets.com)
- Competitive dynamics insights and trends provided for Cartilage Repair Devices market. (researchandmarkets.com)
- CMO executives who must have deep understanding of the Cartilage Repair marketplace to make strategic planning and investment decisions. (researchandmarkets.com)
- Cartilage repair. (nih.gov)
Biology3
- The principal investigator for this work is Rocky Tuan, Ph.D., Chief of the Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch. (nih.gov)
- The photograph was taken in the Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch at the Clinical Research Center on the NIH Campus. (nih.gov)
- The logic, according to author William Lane, was that sharks rarely get cancer compared with most other animals, and the defining feature of their biology, aside from a healthy diet of fish, was a skeletal system made of cartilage rather than bone. (nih.gov)
Mechanical stimuli1
- Moreover, one should consider the application of mechanical stimuli and surface properties to produce an articular cartilage with satisfactory characteristics for in vivo application. (bvsalud.org)
Healthy2
- Healthy cartilage helps you move by allowing your bones to glide over each other. (medlineplus.gov)
- This minimally-invasive procedure replaces the damaged meniscus of the knee with healthy, donor cartilage. (providence.org)
Restore1
- A combination of two drugs appears to restore cartilage in rats. (the-scientist.com)
Defect1
- Osteochondroma is caused by herniation of the epiphyseal cartilage through a developmental defect in the epiphyseal plate. (medscape.com)
Osmotic1
- They exposed the engineered cartilage to both an inflammatory molecule and osmotic loading for three days. (nih.gov)
Subjects3
- It was demonstrated that cartilage and meniscal T2 relaxation time values were significantly increased in subjects with compared to those without radiographic OA and focal knee lesions, respectively. (nih.gov)
- Subjects with OA risk factors such as overweight/obesity showed significantly greater cartilage T2 values than normal controls. (nih.gov)
- Elevated cartilage and meniscal T2 relaxation times were found in subjects with vs without knee pain. (nih.gov)
Durability2
- In our bodies, cartilage combines mechanical strength and durability with the ability to let water, nutrients and other materials move through it. (designworldonline.com)
- Both develop from a precisely engineered balance between the flexibility of smooth muscle and the supportive strength and durability of cartilage. (nih.gov)
Therapeutic1
- Researchers have known for decades that cartilage has therapeutic properties. (nih.gov)
Damage3
- This preclinical study, while early, describes a promising approach to regenerate damaged cartilage, which has the potential to benefit those with osteoarthritis and other forms of cartilage damage. (nih.gov)
- In a study published in ACS Nano, the researchers describe how they made a damage-resistant rechargeable zinc battery with a cartilage-like solid electrolyte. (designworldonline.com)
- For athletes, overuse and injury contribute to cartilage damage, especially. (foothealthfacts.org)
Researchers1
- Researchers have been interested in growing new cartilage in the lab that could be implanted into joints. (nih.gov)
Molecule1
- In contrast, cartilage that produced the molecule maintained its structure and strength. (nih.gov)
Satisfactory1
- We don't currently have a satisfactory remedy for people who suffer a cartilage-damaging injury," Guilak said. (news-medical.net)
Research4
- This RFA, Basic Research on Biomechanical Signaling Mechanisms in Cartilage, is related to the priority areas of chronic disabling conditions and of older adults and preventive services. (nih.gov)
- FUNDS AVAILABLE It is anticipated that six to eight awards will be made as a result of applications for "Basic Research on Biomechanical Signaling Mechanisms in Cartilage. (nih.gov)
- RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The purpose of this RFA is to stimulate basic research in mechanisms of biomechanical signaling in cartilage. (nih.gov)
- Whatever the cause of cartilage loss, research and testing to date have shown much promise in returning both athletes and boomers to their former, and sometimes greater, functionality and mobility. (foothealthfacts.org)