Carrier proteins. Medical search

Consists of a polypeptide chain and 4'-phosphopantetheine linked to a serine residue by a phosphodiester bond. Acyl groups are bound as thiol esters to the pantothenyl group. Acyl carrier protein is involved in every step of fatty acid synthesis by the cytoplasmic system.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

The form of fatty acid synthase complex found in BACTERIA; FUNGI; and PLANTS. Catalytic steps are like the animal form but the protein structure is different with dissociated enzymes encoded by separate genes. It is a target of some ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS which result in disruption of the CELL MEMBRANE and CELL WALL.

An enzyme of long-chain fatty acid synthesis, that adds a two-carbon unit from malonyl-(acyl carrier protein) to another molecule of fatty acyl-(acyl carrier protein), giving a beta-ketoacyl-(acyl carrier protein) with the release of carbon dioxide. EC 2.3.1.41.

An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.

This enzyme catalyzes the transacylation of malonate from MALONYL CoA to activated holo-ACP, to generate malonyl-(acyl-carrier protein), which is an elongation substrate in FATTY ACIDS biosynthesis. It is an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of FATTY ACIDS in all BACTERIA.

An NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] to trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein]. It has a preference for acyl groups with a carbon chain length between 4 to 16.

The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The organism must be readily transmissible to another susceptible host.

A 3-oxoacyl reductase that has specificity for ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN-derived FATTY ACIDS.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A class of enzymes that transfers substituted phosphate groups. EC 2.7.8.

A diphenyl ether derivative used in cosmetics and toilet soaps as an antiseptic. It has some bacteriostatic and fungistatic action.

Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature 1992) EC 2.3.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Large enzyme complexes composed of a number of component enzymes that are found in STREPTOMYCES which biosynthesize MACROLIDES and other polyketides.

Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-sulfur bond. EC 6.2.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of FATTY ACIDS from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA derivatives.

Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.

A ubiquitously expressed folic acid transporter that functions via an antiporter mechanism which is coupled to the transport of organic phosphates.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] to trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. It has a preference for acyl derivatives with carbon chain length from 4 to 16.

Identification of genetic carriers for a given trait.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a bond between two substrate molecules, coupled with the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond in ATP or a similar energy donor. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 6.

A class of nucleotide translocases found abundantly in mitochondria that function as integral components of the inner mitochondrial membrane. They facilitate the exchange of ADP and ATP between the cytosol and the mitochondria, thereby linking the subcellular compartments of ATP production to those of ATP utilization.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The addition of an organic acid radical into a molecule.

Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-nitrogen bond. EC 6.3.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of ACETYL COA. Some enzymes called thiolase or thiolase-I have referred to this activity or to the activity of ACETYL-COA C-ACYLTRANSFERASE.

Ligases that catalyze the joining of adjacent AMINO ACIDS by the formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds between their carboxylic acid groups and amine groups.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.

A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.

An individual having different alleles at one or more loci regarding a specific character.

A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.

A carboxylating enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP, acetyl-CoA, and HCO3- to ADP, orthophosphate, and malonyl-CoA. It is a biotinyl-protein that also catalyzes transcarboxylation. The plant enzyme also carboxylates propanoyl-CoA and butanoyl-CoA (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 6.4.1.2.

Glycosides formed by the reaction of the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon atom of galactose with an alcohol to form an acetal. They include both alpha- and beta-galactosides.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS of practical value.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Semisynthetic vaccines consisting of polysaccharide antigens from microorganisms attached to protein carrier molecules. The carrier protein is recognized by macrophages and T-cells thus enhancing immunity. Conjugate vaccines induce antibody formation in people not responsive to polysaccharide alone, induce higher levels of antibody, and show a booster response on repeated injection.

The protein components of a number of complexes, such as enzymes (APOENZYMES), ferritin (APOFERRITINS), or lipoproteins (APOLIPOPROTEINS).

A class of enzymes that form a thioester bond to UBIQUITIN with the assistance of UBIQUITIN-ACTIVATING ENZYMES. They transfer ubiquitin to the LYSINE of a substrate protein with the assistance of UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASES.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Small antigenic determinants capable of eliciting an immune response only when coupled to a carrier. Haptens bind to antibodies but by themselves cannot elicit an antibody response.

A symporter protein that couples the transport of FOLIC ACID with HYDROGEN IONS. The transporter functions most effectively under acidic conditions.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.

A plant genus of the family APIACEAE. The leaves are the source of cilantro and the seeds are the source of coriander, both of which are used in SPICES.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Systems of enzymes which function sequentially by catalyzing consecutive reactions linked by common metabolic intermediates. They may involve simply a transfer of water molecules or hydrogen atoms and may be associated with large supramolecular structures such as MITOCHONDRIA or RIBOSOMES.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genome or proteins encoded by the nuclear genome that are imported to and resident in the MITOCHONDRIA.

A family of organic anion transporters that specifically transport DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS such as alpha-ketoglutaric acid across cellular membranes.

Steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3 and most of the skeleton of cholestane. Additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain. (IUPAC Steroid Nomenclature, 1987)

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

Compounds that interfere with FATTY ACID SYNTHASE resulting in a reduction of FATTY ACIDS. This is a target mechanism in humans of some ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS and ANTI-OBESITY AGENTS and of some ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS which interfere with CELL WALL and CELL MEMBRANE formation.

An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the same direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.

Proteins that bind to and are involved in the metabolism of phosphate ions.

A genus of gram-positive bacteria whose spores are round to oval and covered by a sheath.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Enzymes that catalyze the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond leading to unsaturated products via the removal of water. EC 4.2.1.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Compounds that contain a 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl group.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

A group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of carboxyl- or carbamoyl- groups. EC 2.1.3.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)

Carbohydrates covalently linked to a nonsugar moiety (lipids or proteins). The major glycoconjugates are glycoproteins, glycopeptides, peptidoglycans, glycolipids, and lipopolysaccharides. (From Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents, 2d ed; From Principles of Biochemistry, 2d ed)

Compounds containing the -SH radical.

The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.

Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.

Compounds based on ANTHRACENES which contain two KETONES in any position. Substitutions can be in any position except on the ketone groups.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

The enzymatic synthesis of PEPTIDES without an RNA template by processes that do not use the ribosomal apparatus (RIBOSOMES).

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

S-Acyl coenzyme A. Fatty acid coenzyme A derivatives that are involved in the biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids as well as in ceramide formation.

An enzyme that transfers acyl groups from acyl-CoA to glycerol-3-phosphate to form monoglyceride phosphates. It acts only with CoA derivatives of fatty acids of chain length above C-10. Also forms diglyceride phosphates. EC 2.3.1.15.

The facilitation of biochemical reactions with the aid of naturally occurring catalysts such as ENZYMES.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A plant genus of the family Cruciferae. It contains many species and cultivars used as food including cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, kale, collard greens, MUSTARD PLANT; (B. alba, B. junica, and B. nigra), turnips (BRASSICA NAPUS) and rapeseed (BRASSICA RAPA).

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

A plant genus of the family ARALIACEAE. Members contain hederin (olean-12-ene) type TRITERPENES.

A family of proteins that are structurally-related to Ubiquitin. Ubiquitins and ubiquitin-like proteins participate in diverse cellular functions, such as protein degradation and HEAT-SHOCK RESPONSE, by conjugation to other proteins.

Serum albumin from cows, commonly used in in vitro biological studies. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Incorporation of biotinyl groups into molecules.

Common name for Ricinus communis, a species in the family EUPHORBIACEAE. It is the source of CASTOR OIL.

Includes ortho-, meta-, and para-nitrophenylgalactosides.

A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.

A enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from ACETYL CoA to acyl-carrier protein to form COENZYME A and acetyl-acyl-carrier protein.

A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.

A subclass of anhydrides with the general structure of dihydrofurandione. They can be substituted on any carbon atom. They modify and inhibit proteins and enzymes and are used in the acylation of amino- and hydroxyl groups.

Enzyme that catalyzes the final step of fatty acid oxidation in which ACETYL COA is released and the CoA ester of a fatty acid two carbons shorter is formed.

A tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) located on human CHROMOSOME 17 at locus 17q21. Mutations of this gene are associated with the formation of HEREDITARY BREAST AND OVARIAN CANCER SYNDROME. It encodes a large nuclear protein that is a component of DNA repair pathways.

Any salt or ester of glycerophosphoric acid.

The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Proteins involved in the transport of specific substances across the membranes of the MITOCHONDRIA.

A large group of membrane transport proteins that shuttle MONOSACCHARIDES across CELL MEMBRANES.

Protein-lipid combinations abundant in brain tissue, but also present in a wide variety of animal and plant tissues. In contrast to lipoproteins, they are insoluble in water, but soluble in a chloroform-methanol mixture. The protein moiety has a high content of hydrophobic amino acids. The associated lipids consist of a mixture of GLYCEROPHOSPHATES; CEREBROSIDES; and SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS; while lipoproteins contain PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; and TRIGLYCERIDES.

A genus of VIBRIONACEAE, made up of short, slightly curved, motile, gram-negative rods. Various species produce cholera and other gastrointestinal disorders as well as abortion in sheep and cattle.

A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme "donor:acceptor group transferase". (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.

The formaldehyde-inactivated toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is generally used in mixtures with TETANUS TOXOID and PERTUSSIS VACCINE; (DTP); or with tetanus toxoid alone (DT for pediatric use and Td, which contains 5- to 10-fold less diphtheria toxoid, for other use). Diphtheria toxoid is used for the prevention of diphtheria; DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN is for treatment.

Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.

A LIPOIC ACID-containing protein that plays the pivotal role in the transfer of methylamine groups and reducing equivalents between the three enzymatic components of the glycine decarboxylase complex.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Detection of a MUTATION; GENOTYPE; KARYOTYPE; or specific ALLELES associated with genetic traits, heritable diseases, or predisposition to a disease, or that may lead to the disease in descendants. It includes prenatal genetic testing.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

A species of STIGMATELLA usually isolated from rotting wood. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

A tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) located on human chromosome 13 at locus 13q12.3. Mutations in this gene predispose humans to breast and ovarian cancer. It encodes a large, nuclear protein that is an essential component of DNA repair pathways, suppressing the formation of gross chromosomal rearrangements. (from Genes Dev 2000;14(11):1400-6)

A group of often glycosylated macrocyclic compounds formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES cyclized into a large (typically 12, 14, or 16)-membered lactone. Macrolides belong to the POLYKETIDES class of natural products, and many members exhibit ANTIBIOTIC properties.

A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus NEORICKETTSIA, family ANAPLASMATACEAE, causing Sennetsu fever and found in the FAR EAST and SOUTHEAST ASIA.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that produces TUBERCULOSIS in humans, other primates, CATTLE; DOGS; and some other animals which have contact with humans. Growth tends to be in serpentine, cordlike masses in which the bacilli show a parallel orientation.

A 21-carbon steroid, derived from CHOLESTEROL and found in steroid hormone-producing tissues. Pregnenolone is the precursor to GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

The removal of a carboxyl group, usually in the form of carbon dioxide, from a chemical compound.

Insulin-like polypeptides made by the liver and some fibroblasts and released into the blood when stimulated by SOMATOTROPIN. They cause sulfate incorporation into collagen, RNA, and DNA synthesis, which are prerequisites to cell division and growth of the organism.

Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting acidic amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, ACIDIC).

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Polyacenes with four ortho-fused benzene rings in a straight linear arrangement. This group is best known for the subclass called TETRACYCLINES.

A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.

A group of fatty acids that contain 18 carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 carbon.

A major protein in the BLOOD. It is important in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure and transporting large organic molecules.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

The protein components of enzyme complexes (HOLOENZYMES). An apoenzyme is the holoenzyme minus any cofactors (ENZYME COFACTORS) or prosthetic groups required for the enzymatic function.

A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.

Intracellular proteins that reversibly bind hydrophobic ligands including: saturated and unsaturated FATTY ACIDS; EICOSANOIDS; and RETINOIDS. They are considered a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed family of proteins that may play a role in the metabolism of LIPIDS.

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

NMR spectroscopy on small- to medium-size biological macromolecules. This is often used for structural investigation of proteins and nucleic acids, and often involves more than one isotope.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Sets of enzymatic reactions occurring in organisms and that form biochemicals by making new covalent bonds.

Those genes found in an organism which are necessary for its viability and normal function.

A class of enzymes that transfers nucleotidyl residues. EC 2.7.7.

An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Self-replicating cytoplasmic organelles of plant and algal cells that contain pigments and may synthesize and accumulate various substances. PLASTID GENOMES are used in phylogenetic studies.

A red yeast-like mitosporic fungal genus generally regarded as nonpathogenic. It is cultured from numerous sources in human patients.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A 20-carbon branched chain fatty acid. In phytanic acid storage disease (REFSUM DISEASE) this lipid may comprise as much as 30% of the total fatty acids of the plasma. This is due to a phytanic acid alpha-hydroxylase deficiency.

Proteins involved in the transport of NUCLEOTIDES across cellular membranes.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

Plant cell inclusion bodies that contain the photosynthetic pigment CHLOROPHYLL, which is associated with the membrane of THYLAKOIDS. Chloroplasts occur in cells of leaves and young stems of plants. They are also found in some forms of PHYTOPLANKTON such as HAPTOPHYTA; DINOFLAGELLATES; DIATOMS; and CRYPTOPHYTA.

A carboxy-lyase that catalyzes the decarboxylation of (S)-2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoyl-CoA to propanoyl-CoA. In microorganisms the reaction can be coupled to the vectorial transport of SODIUM ions across the cytoplasmic membrane.

Natural compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups (beta-polyketones), bioenergenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A via malonyl coenzyme A, in a process similar to fatty acid synthesis.

Enzymes that catalyze the formation of acyl-CoA derivatives. EC 6.2.1.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

The hematopoietic-specific adaptor protein gads functions in T-cell signaling via interactions with the SLP-76 and LAT adaptors. (1/44195)

BACKGROUND: The adaptor protein Gads is a Grb2-related protein originally identified on the basis of its interaction with the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of the docking protein Shc. Gads protein expression is restricted to hematopoietic tissues and cell lines. Gads contains a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, which has previously been shown to have a similar binding specificity to that of Grb2. Gads also possesses two SH3 domains, but these have a distinct binding specificity to those of Grb2, as Gads does not bind to known Grb2 SH3 domain targets. Here, we investigated whether Gads is involved in T-cell signaling. RESULTS: We found that Gads is highly expressed in T cells and that the SLP-76 adaptor protein is a major Gads-associated protein in vivo. The constitutive interaction between Gads and SLP-76 was mediated by the carboxy-terminal SH3 domain of Gads and a 20 amino-acid proline-rich region in SLP-76. Gads also coimmunoprecipitated the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of the linker for activated T cells (LAT) adaptor protein following cross-linking of the T-cell receptor; this interaction was mediated by the Gads SH2 domain. Overexpression of Gads and SLP-76 resulted in a synergistic augmentation of T-cell signaling, as measured by activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), and this cooperation required a functional Gads SH2 domain. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that Gads plays an important role in T-cell signaling via its association with SLP-76 and LAT. Gads may promote cross-talk between the LAT and SLP-76 signaling complexes, thereby coupling membrane-proximal events to downstream signaling pathways. (+info)

Decreased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Par-4 in renal cell carcinoma. (2/44195)

Par-4 is a widely expressed leucine zipper protein that confers sensitization to apoptosis induced by exogenous insults. Because the expression of genes that promote apoptosis may be down-regulated during tumorigenesis, we sought to examine the expression of Par-4 in human tumors. We present here evidence that Par-4 protein levels were severely decreased in human renal cell carcinoma specimens relative to normal tubular cells. Replenishment of Par-4 protein levels in renal cell carcinoma cell lines conferred sensitivity to apoptosis. Because apoptosis may serve as a defense mechanism against malignant transformation or progression, decreased expression of Par-4 may contribute to the pathophysiology of renal cell carcinoma. (+info)

Leptin suppression of insulin secretion and gene expression in human pancreatic islets: implications for the development of adipogenic diabetes mellitus. (3/44195)

Previously we demonstrated the expression of the long form of the leptin receptor in rodent pancreatic beta-cells and an inhibition of insulin secretion by leptin via activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Here we examine pancreatic islets isolated from pancreata of human donors for their responses to leptin. The presence of leptin receptors on islet beta-cells was demonstrated by double fluorescence confocal microscopy after binding of a fluorescent derivative of human leptin (Cy3-leptin). Leptin (6.25 nM) suppressed insulin secretion of normal islets by 20% at 5.6 mM glucose. Intracellular calcium responses to 16.7 mM glucose were rapidly reduced by leptin. Proinsulin messenger ribonucleic acid expression in islets was inhibited by leptin at 11.1 mM, but not at 5.6 mM glucose. Leptin also reduced proinsulin messenger ribonucleic acid levels that were increased in islets by treatment with 10 nM glucagon-like peptide-1 in the presence of either 5.6 or 11.1 mM glucose. These findings demonstrate direct suppressive effects of leptin on insulin-producing beta-cells in human islets at the levels of both stimulus-secretion coupling and gene expression. The findings also further indicate the existence of an adipoinsular axis in humans in which insulin stimulates leptin production in adipocytes and leptin inhibits the production of insulin in beta-cells. We suggest that dysregulation of the adipoinsular axis in obese individuals due to defective leptin reception by beta-cells may result in chronic hyperinsulinemia and may contribute to the pathogenesis of adipogenic diabetes. (+info)

Evidence for F-actin-dependent and -independent mechanisms involved in assembly and stability of the medial actomyosin ring in fission yeast. (4/44195)

Cell division in a number of eukaryotes, including the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is achieved through a medially placed actomyosin-based contractile ring. Although several components of the actomyosin ring have been identified, the mechanisms regulating ring assembly are still not understood. Here, we show by biochemical and mutational studies that the S.pombe actomyosin ring component Cdc4p is a light chain associated with Myo2p, a myosin II heavy chain. Localization of Myo2p to the medial ring depended on Cdc4p function, whereas localization of Cdc4p at the division site was independent of Myo2p. Interestingly, the actin-binding and motor domains of Myo2p are not required for its accumulation at the division site although the motor activity of Myo2p is essential for assembly of a normal actomyosin ring. The initial assembly of Myo2p and Cdc4p at the division site requires a functional F-actin cytoskeleton. Once established, however, F-actin is not required for the maintenance of Cdc4p and Myo2p medial rings, suggesting that the attachment of Cdc4p and Myo2p to the division site involves proteins other than actin itself. (+info)

Socs1 binds to multiple signalling proteins and suppresses steel factor-dependent proliferation. (5/44195)

We have identified Socs1 as a downstream component of the Kit receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathway. We show that the expression of Socs1 mRNA is rapidly increased in primary bone marrow-derived mast cells following exposure to Steel factor, and Socs1 inducibly binds to the Kit receptor tyrosine kinase via its Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. Previous studies have shown that Socs1 suppresses cytokine-mediated differentiation in M1 cells inhibiting Janus family kinases. In contrast, constitutive expression of Socs1 suppresses the mitogenic potential of Kit while maintaining Steel factor-dependent cell survival signals. Unlike Janus kinases, Socs1 does not inhibit the catalytic activity of the Kit tyrosine kinase. In order to define the mechanism by which Socs1-mediated suppression of Kit-dependent mitogenesis occurs, we demonstrate that Socs1 binds to the signalling proteins Grb-2 and the Rho-family guanine nucleotide exchange factors Vav. We show that Grb2 binds Socs1 via its SH3 domains to putative diproline determinants located in the N-terminus of Socs1, and Socs1 binds to the N-terminal regulatory region of Vav. These data suggest that Socs1 is an inducible switch which modulates proliferative signals in favour of cell survival signals and functions as an adaptor protein in receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathways. (+info)

The role of RBF in the introduction of G1 regulation during Drosophila embryogenesis. (6/44195)

The first appearance of G1 during Drosophila embryogenesis, at cell cycle 17, is accompanied by the down-regulation of E2F-dependent transcription. Mutant alleles of rbf were generated and analyzed to determine the role of RBF in this process. Embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic RBF products show constitutive expression of PCNA and RNR2, two E2F-regulated genes, indicating that RBF is required for their transcriptional repression. Despite the ubiquitous expression of E2F target genes, most epidermal cells enter G1 normally. Rather than pausing in G1 until the appropriate time for cell cycle progression, many of these cells enter an ectopic S-phase. These results indicate that the repression of E2F target genes by RBF is necessary for the maintenance but not the initiation of a G1 phase. The phenotype of RBF-deficient embryos suggests that rbf has a function that is complementary to the roles of dacapo and fizzy-related in the introduction of G1 during Drosophila embryogenesis. (+info)

The splicing factor-associated protein, p32, regulates RNA splicing by inhibiting ASF/SF2 RNA binding and phosphorylation. (7/44195)

The cellular protein p32 was isolated originally as a protein tightly associated with the essential splicing factor ASF/SF2 during its purification from HeLa cells. ASF/SF2 is a member of the SR family of splicing factors, which stimulate constitutive splicing and regulate alternative RNA splicing in a positive or negative fashion, depending on where on the pre-mRNA they bind. Here we present evidence that p32 interacts with ASF/SF2 and SRp30c, another member of the SR protein family. We further show that p32 inhibits ASF/SF2 function as both a splicing enhancer and splicing repressor protein by preventing stable ASF/SF2 interaction with RNA, but p32 does not block SRp30c function. ASF/SF2 is highly phosphorylated in vivo, a modification required for stable RNA binding and protein-protein interaction during spliceosome formation, and this phosphorylation, either through HeLa nuclear extracts or through specific SR protein kinases, is inhibited by p32. Our results suggest that p32 functions as an ASF/SF2 inhibitory factor, regulating ASF/SF2 RNA binding and phosphorylation. These findings place p32 into a new group of proteins that control RNA splicing by sequestering an essential RNA splicing factor into an inhibitory complex. (+info)

Cyclin D-CDK subunit arrangement is dependent on the availability of competing INK4 and p21 class inhibitors. (8/44195)

The D-type cyclins and their major kinase partners CDK4 and CDK6 regulate G0-G1-S progression by contributing to the phosphorylation and inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene product, pRB. Assembly of active cyclin D-CDK complexes in response to mitogenic signals is negatively regulated by INK4 family members. Here we show that although all four INK4 proteins associate with CDK4 and CDK6 in vitro, only p16(INK4a) can form stable, binary complexes with both CDK4 and CDK6 in proliferating cells. The other INK4 family members form stable complexes with CDK6 but associate only transiently with CDK4. Conversely, CDK4 stably associates with both p21(CIP1) and p27(KIP1) in cyclin-containing complexes, suggesting that CDK4 is in equilibrium between INK4 and p21(CIP1)- or p27(KIP1)-bound states. In agreement with this hypothesis, overexpression of p21(CIP1) in 293 cells, where CDK4 is bound to p16(INK4a), stimulates the formation of ternary cyclin D-CDK4-p21(CIP1) complexes. These data suggest that members of the p21 family of proteins promote the association of D-type cyclins with CDKs by counteracting the effects of INK4 molecules. (+info)

Fatty acid synthase Pantothenic acid Elovson J, Vagelos PR (July 1968). "Acyl carrier protein. X. Acyl carrier protein ... the peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP), as well as aryl carrier proteins (ArCP) of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). It is ... is a prosthetic group of several acyl carrier proteins including the acyl carrier proteins (ACP) of fatty acid synthases, ACPs ... Subsequent to the expression of the apo acyl carrier protein, 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety is attached to a serine residue. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphopantetheine

... s are small molecules that elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein; the carrier ... Carter, John (1 January 1996). "Conjugation of Peptides to Carrier Proteins via Glutaraldehyde". The Protein Protocols Handbook ... In general, these carrier proteins should be immmunogenic and contain enough amino acid residues in the reactive side chains to ... The most common carriers include serum globulin, albumins, ovalbumin and many others. Although proteins are mostly employed for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapten

... s are carrier proteins which bind cobalamin (B12). Transcobalamin I (TCN1), also known as haptocorrin, R-factor, ... and R-protein, is a glycoprotein produced by the salivary glands of the mouth. It primarily serves to protect cobalamin ( ... a vitamin B12 transport protein, by stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages". Biomédicine. 27 (6): 213-4. PMID 907799. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcobalamin

... acyl-carrier-protein] reductase, beta-hydroxyacyl-[acylcarrier-protein] dehydrase, and enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase ... Other names in common use include beta-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein](ACP) reductase, beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein (ACP ... 3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + NADP+ ⇌. {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }. 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + ... beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase, 3-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein reductase, 3-ketoacyl ACP reductase, NADPH- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-Ketoacyl_ACP_reductase

Occupation and downregulation of carrier proteins[edit]. Protein binding of testosterone in women[6] Group. Free. Albumin. SHBG ... Danazol is known to bind to two steroid hormone carrier proteins: sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), which binds androgens ... to and occupation of steroid hormone carrier proteins and consequent displacement of steroid hormones from these proteins.[5][6 ... Ulrich Westphal (6 December 2012). Steroid-Protein Interactions II. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 256-. ISBN 978-3-642 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danazol

"Transferrin is an insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 binding protein". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and ... regulation of protein stability. • transferrin transport. • iron ion homeostasis. • platelet degranulation. • ion transport. • ... The protein is composed of alpha helices and beta sheets that form two domains.[8] The N- and C- terminal sequences are ... protein binding. • ferric iron transmembrane transporter activity. • ferrous iron binding. • transferrin receptor binding. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferrin

"Protein Engineering Design and Selection. 12 (6): 439-446. doi:10.1093/protein/12.6.439. PMID 10388840.. ... They also serve as carriers for molecules of low water solubility this way isolating their hydrophobic nature, including lipid- ... The albumins (/ˈælbjʊmɪn/) (formed from Latin: albumen[3] "(egg) white; dried egg white") are a family of globular proteins, ... Protein Engineering Design and Selection. 12 (6): 439-446. doi:10.1093/protein/12.6.439. PMID 10388840.. .mw-parser-output cite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albumin

... (ORM) or alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (α1AGp,[1] AGP or AAG) is an acute phase (acute phase protein) plasma alpha- ... The only established function of ORM is to act as a carrier of basic and neutrally charged lipophilic compounds. In medicine, ... The effect of these changes on drug protein binding and drug delivery, however, appear to be minimal.[4] AGP shows a complex ... It is synthesized primarily in hepatocytes and has a normal plasma concentration between 0.6-1.2 mg/mL (1-3% plasma protein).[2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orosomucoid

"Novel hydrophilic chitosan-polyethylene oxide nanoparticles as protein carriers". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 63 (1): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_triphosphate

... producing the oxygen-carrier hemoglobin; breaking down proteins; and turning nitrogenous waste products into ammonia and urea ... Investigations showed that ragworm jaws are made of unusual proteins that bind strongly to zinc.[47] ... Phylogenetic analyses based on 79 ribosomal proteins indicated a position of Sipuncula within Annelida.[17] Subsequent analysis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annelida

The cargo carrier is transported to the TGN by motor proteins such as dynein. Tethering of the cargo carrier to the recipient ... Once the cargo carriers are matured, the carrier scission is then catalyzed by dynamin-II or EHD1, together with the mechanical ... However, it is clear that there are other complexes and proteins that act in this retrieval process. So far it is not clear ... Once released from the carrier, the Vps35-Vps29-Vps26 complex and the SNX-BAR dimers get recycled back onto the endosomal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retromer

Ghattas, M. A.; Mansour, R. A.; Atatreh, N.; Bryce, R. A., Analysis of Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase Structure and ... Computeraided discovery of antimicrobial agents as potential enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase inhibitors. Tropical Journal ... Ghattas, M. A.; Raslan, N.; Sadeq, A.; Sorkhy, M. A.; Atatreh, N., Druggability analysis and classification of protein tyrosine ... Ghattas, M. A.; Atatreh, N.; Bichenkova, E. V.; Bryce, R. A., Protein tyrosine phosphatases: Ligand interaction analysis and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noor_Aldeen_Atatreh

Such isobarically labeled samples are referred to as isobaric carriers. They were introduced for single-cell protein analysis ... "Optimizing Accuracy and Depth of Protein Quantification in Experiments Using Isobaric Carriers". Journal of Proteome Research. ... In addition to aiding in protein quantification, TMT tags can also increase the detection sensitivity of certain highly ... Intuitively, the trust associated with a protein measurement depends on the similarity of ratios from different peptides and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem_mass_tag

enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase (NADPH, B-specific) Ja 1.3.1.20 trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase Ja ...

https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidoreductase

He was known for his researches on vitamin-carrier proteins and Lathyrus sativus[3] and was an elected fellow of the Indian ... he worked on vitamin-carrying proteins which demonstrated how the proteins carried vitamins such as thiamin and riboflavin to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdur_Radhakantha_Adiga

Abbreviations: ACP - Acyl carrier protein, CoA - Coenzyme A, NADP - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Note that ... PKC is a multifunctional protein kinase which phosphorylates serine and threonine residues in many target proteins. However PKC ... through specific transport proteins, such as the SLC27 family fatty acid transport protein. Red blood cells do not contain ... Anderson, Courtney M.; Stahl, Andreas (April 2013). "SLC27 fatty acid transport proteins". Molecular Aspects of Medicine. 34 (2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid_metabolism

... is a main carrier of genetic information regarding protein synthesis in actual biology. "Moira" is the name of a computer on ... Also notably, "she" argues against a fundamental difference between human intelligence and her own, using the phrase "protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spock's_World

CurA contains a unique GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) loading domain and an associated acyl carrier protein (ACP). The ... March 2011). "Tandem acyl carrier proteins in the curacin biosynthetic pathway promote consecutive multienzyme reactions with a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curacin_A

Gliadin, which is well known as a carrier protein for controlled drug release, helps to protect SOD. A wide range of clinical ... a wheat protein designed to protect SOD during the digestive process As oxygen metabolizes in the body, potentially harmful ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glisodin

De Silva B.S.; Egodage K.L.; Wilson G.S. (1999). "Purified protein derivate (PPD) as an immunogen carrier elicits high antigen ... Concholepas Concholepas Hemocyanin (CCH) (also Blue Carrier Immunogenic Protein) It is alternative to KLH isolated from ... The hapten-carrier complex, unlike free hapten, can act as an immunogen and can induce an immune response. Until 1959, the ... Ovalbumin (OVA) Also known as egg albumin, OVA is the main protein (60-75%) found in hen egg white. OVA is soluble in Dimethyl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunogen

enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein reductase (NADPH, B-specific) activity]. • protein binding. • 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein ... acyl-carrier-protein dehydratase activity]. • protein homodimerization activity. • catalytic activity. • [acyl-carrier-protein ... 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein synthase activity]. • acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein hydrolase activity]. • hydrolase activity. • ... acyl-carrier-protein S-malonyltransferase activity]. • 3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein dehydratase activity]. • fatty acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid_synthase

Grazoprevir is transported by the solute carrier proteins SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3. Drugs that inhibit this proteins, such as ... Elbasvir targets the NS5A protein, which effectively prevents the transcription of the HCV RNA and also prevents virion ... an inhibitor of hepatitis C virus's NS5A protein) and grazoprevir (an NS3/4A inhibitor). It is used to treat chronic hepatitis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbasvir/grazoprevir

Entrez Gene: UCP1 uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier). . Abgerufen am 25. Februar 2011. ... Thermogenin (auch entkoppelndes Protein, engl. Uncoupling Protein 1 bzw. UCP1 genannt[1]) ist ein Transmembranprotein, das sich ... The uncoupling protein homologues: UCP1, UCP2, UCP3, StUCP and AtUCP. . In: Biochem. J.. . 345 Pt 2, 2000, S. 161-79. PMID ... Entdeckt wurde das Enzym 1979 als Uncoupling Protein[2], 1988 wurde es zum ersten Mal kloniert.[3][4] ...

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermogenin

Elovson J, Vagelos PR (1968). „Acyl carrier protein. X. Acyl carrier protein synthetase". J. Biol. Chem. 243 (13): 3603-11. ... Strickland KC, Hoeferlin LA, Oleinik NV, Krupenko NI, Krupenko SA (2010). „Acyl carrier protein-specific 4'-phosphopantetheinyl ... što je acil prenosni protein i formiltetrahidrofolat dehidrogenaza.[6][7] ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koenzim_A

A Battesti; E Bouveret (2006). "Acyl carrier protein/SpoT interaction, the switch linking SpoT-dependent stress response to ... In Escherichia coli, (p)ppGpp production is mediated by the ribosomal protein L11 (rplK resp. relC) and the ribosome-associated ... Translational GTPases involved in protein biosynthesis are also affected by ppGpp, with Initiation Factor 2 (IF2) being the ... proteins, with some having only synthetic, or hydrolytic or both (Rel) activities. During the stringent response, (p)ppGpp ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stringent_response

Examples include malonyl-CoA, acetoacetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, cinnamoyl-CoA, and acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesters. ... In addition, thioesters play an important role in the tagging of proteins with ubiquitin, which tags the protein for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioester

The coat protein of potyvirus is a suitable carrier to display the epitopes of the pathogens. The sequencing of coat proteins ... The strains varied in the N-terminal region of coat protein in their sequence. There is a long association between the ... CdMV encoded proteins: complete Nuclear Inclusion b (NIb) gene in the genome which is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), ... Nuclear Inclusion a (NIa) Protease (Nia 1 protease) and a complete 6K2 genome-linked viral protein. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardamom_mosaic_virus

"A tagged parathyroid hormone derivative as a carrier of antibody cargoes transported by the G protein coupled PTH1 receptor" ( ... The CaR includes phosphorylation sites for protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase A (PKA). The phosphorylation of the PLC is ... The CaR is a G protein-coupled receptor, as part of the C family. The CaR is divided into three general domains. These include ... The Human Protein Atlas". www.proteinatlas.org. Retrieved 2015-11-18. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Bilezikian, John ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_chief_cell

Interaction with enzyme proteins. *Interaction with structural proteins. *Interaction with carrier proteins ... Colchicine, a drug for gout, interferes with the function of the structural protein tubulin, while Digitalis, a drug still used ... in heart failure, inhibits the activity of the carrier molecule, Na-K-ATPase pump. The widest class of drugs act as ligands ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics

The carrier protein at the membrane binds to the glucose and alters its shape such that it can easily to be transported from ... the transport relies on molecular binding between the cargo and the membrane-embedded channel or carrier protein. the rate of ... Larger molecules are transported by transmembrane carrier proteins, such as permeases, that change their conformation as the ... 2013), during the process of protein sliding, the protein searches the entire length of the DNA chain using 3-D and 1-D ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facilitated_diffusion

Atromentin and leucomelone possess antibacterial activity, inhibiting the enzyme enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase, ( ... S. pneumoniae resides asymptomatically in healthy carriers typically colonizing the respiratory tract, sinuses, and nasal ... and Maclyn McCarty demonstrated that the transforming factor in Griffith's experiment was not protein, as was widely believed ... pneumoniae is associated with increased resistance to oxidative stress and increased expression of the RecA protein, a key ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._pneumoniae

... which code for proteins with antiviral properties.[51] EBOV's V24 protein blocks the production of these antiviral proteins by ... Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it.[1] Other ... which are then translated into structural and nonstructural proteins. The most abundant protein produced is the nucleoprotein, ... EBOV replication overwhelms protein synthesis of infected cells and the host immune defences. The GP forms a trimeric complex, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

The exact process by which Candida species switch from acting as normal oral commensals (saprophytic) state in the carrier to ... This adhesion involves adhesins (e.g., hyphal wall protein 1), and extracellular polymeric materials (e.g., mannoprotein). ... With more sensitive detection techniques, this figure is reported to rise to 90%. This candidal carrier state is not considered ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_candidiasis

MeSH Enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein)+reductase+(NADPH,+A-specific). *п. *р. *у ... Enoil-(acil-nosilac-protein) reduktaza (NADPH, A-specifična) (EC 1.3.1.39, acil-ACP dehidrogenaza, enoil-(acil nosilac protein ... acil-[acil-nosilac protein] + NADP+ ⇌. {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }. trans-2,3-dehidroacil-[acil-nosilac protein] + ... acil-nosilac-protein) reduktaza (NADPH2, A-specifična), acil-(acil-nosilac-protein):NADP+ oksidoreduktaza (A-specifična)) je ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoil-

The adoption of joules as units of energy, FAO/WHO Ad Hoc Committee of Experts on Energy and Protein, 1971. A report on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanojoule

Recent experiments studying the growth of protein crystals have led to a technique using powerful magnets to allow growth in ... This formula takes into account the spin degeneracy of the carriers (spin ½ electrons). ... semiconductors the ratio between Landau and Pauli susceptibilities may change due to the effective mass of the charge carriers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamagnetism

The Function of Heat-Shock Proteins in Stress Tolerance: Degradation and Reactivation of Damaged Proteins. Annual Review of ... 1990年：George F. Carrier. *斯蒂芬·科尔·克莱尼 ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/苏珊·林德奎斯特

Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase/Enoyl ACP reductase. *7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase. *Biliverdin reductase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-alkenal_reductase

TATA-binding protein (TBP) can be recruited in two ways, by SAGA, a cofactor for RNA polymerase II, or by TFIID.[11] When ... Carriers with shorter TATA box sequences may produce lower levels of PG2 serum. ... "TATA-binding protein recognition and bending of a consensus promoter are protein species dependent". Biochemistry. 47 (27): ... The TATA-binding protein (TBP) could also be targeted by viruses as a means of viral transcription.[6] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TATA_box

... thir hormones maun bond tae carrier plasma glycoproteins (e.g., thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)) tae form ligand-protein ... Hormones hae diverse chemical structurs, mainly o 3 clesses: eicosanoids, steroids, an amino acid/protein derivatives (amines, ... Upon secretion, certaint hormones, includin protein hormones an catecholamines, are watter-soluble an are sicweys readily ... peptides, an proteins). The glands that secrete hormones comprise the endocrine seegnalin system. The term hormone is whiles ...

https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone

This protein is associated with the primary cilia of the retinal pigment epithelial cells, fibroblasts and kidney tubular cells ... while women are carriers of the disease; it has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 500,000 people. Boys with Lowe syndrome are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculocerebrorenal_syndrome

... that transfers the amino acid isoleucine to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosome site of protein synthesis during ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MT-TI

His mother is often a carrier; i.e., she has one abnormal and one normal IDS gene, and she passes along the abnormal gene to ... This matrix is made up of a variety of sugars and proteins and helps to form the architectural framework of the body. The ... In this second case, the mother is not a carrier and the risk of a spontaneous mutation occurring again in the future sibling ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_syndrome

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Signaling peptide/protein receptor modulators • GnRH and gonadotropins ... Gestational carrier. *In vitro maturation. *Intracytoplasmic sperm injection. *Oocyte selection. *Ovarian hyperstimulation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone_agonist

The mutations in the protein tend to cause the production of a shortened protein. Its real function is unclear, but it seems to ... one or several of whom was a carrier of the mutation. The Afrikaner, French Canadians, Lebanese Christians, and Finns have high ... About 1 in 300 to 500 people have mutations in the LDLR gene that encodes the LDL receptor protein, which normally removes LDL ... The mutation is located on a part of the protein that normally binds with the LDL receptor, and binding is reduced as a result ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familial_hypercholesterolemia

13,0 13,1 Bettelli E, Carrier Y, Gao W, Korn T, Strom TB, Oukka M, Weiner HL, Kuchroo VK (2006). "Reciprocal developmental ... IL-17(A) je protein sa 155-aminokiselina. On je disulfidno-vezan, homodimerni, sekretivni glikoprotein sa molekulskom masom od ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_17

They also act as vitamin carriers. Food proteins[edit]. Main article: Protein (nutrient) ... Nuts, grains and legumes provide vegetable sources of protein, and protein combining of vegetable sources is used to achieve ... Proteins compose over 50% of the dry weight of an average living cell[citation needed][clarification needed] and are very ... Food and Nutrition Board of Institute of Medicine (2005) Dietary Reference Intakes for Protein and Amino Acids, page 685, from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry_of_food

... fleas store muscle energy in a pad of the elastic protein named resilin before releasing it rapidly (like a human using a bow ... Carriers of plagueEdit. The Great Plague of London, in 1665, killed up to 100,000 people. ... "Adult Cat Flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) Excretion of Host Blood Proteins in Relation to Larval Nutrition" (PDF). Journal of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flea

In order to induce an immune response, it needs to be attached to a large carrier molecule such as a protein (a complex of ... Immunoglobulin-binding protein - Proteins such as protein A, protein G, and protein L that are capable of binding to antibodies ... An autoantigen is usually a normal protein or protein complex (and sometimes DNA or RNA) that is recognized by the immune ... Lipids and nucleic acids are antigenic only when combined with proteins and polysaccharides.[citation needed] Non-microbial non ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen

All retroviral IN proteins contain three canonical domains, connected by flexible linkers: an N-terminal HH-CC zinc-binding ... Integration is a point of no return for the cell, which becomes a permanent carrier of the viral genome (provirus). Integration ... Human chromatin-associated protein LEDGF, which tightly binds HIV IN and directs HIV PIC towards highly expressed genes for ... This protein may use the morpheein model of allosteric regulation. Site-specific recombinase technology Masuda, Takao (2011-01- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrase

ATP-dependent protein binding. • metal ion binding. • tubulin binding. • protein binding. • identical protein binding. • copper ... the protective effects of variant V carriers have been found exclusively in Caucasians. The decreased risk in V allele carriers ... PRNP (prion protein) is the human gene encoding for the major prion protein PrP (proetase-resistant-protein, Pr for prion, and ... negative regulation of protein processing. • protein destabilization. • activation of protein kinase activity. • calcium- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRNP

Protein synthesis RNAs[change , change source]. Messenger RNA[change , change source]. The structure of a mature eukaryotic ... RNA is the carrier of genetic information in certain viruses, especially the retroviruses like the HIV virus. This is the only ... Genes code for proteins in bits called exons. The bits can be joined together in different ways to make different mRNAs. Thus, ... from one gene many proteins can be made. This is the process of alternative splicing. Any unwanted versions of the protein get ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal_RNA

... protein transporters have been described that act as carriers to solubilize and transport the endocannabinoids through the ... These include the heat shock proteins (Hsp70s) and fatty acid binding proteins for anandamide (FABPs).[6][7] FABPs such as ... As reviewed in 2016; "Many of the AMT (EMT) proposals have fallen by the wayside." [18] To date a transmembrane protein ... The endocannabinoid transporters (eCBTs) are transport proteins for the endocannabinoids. Most neurotransmitters are water- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocannabinoid_transporter

... anchored proteins: GPI-anchored proteins in liposomes and cells show similar behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... A major event in the budding of vesicles, such as transport carriers from the Golgi, is the creation and subsequent narrowing ... The roles of lysoPA, PA, and DAG in promoting membrane curvature do not preclude a role in recruiting proteins to the membrane ... PA acts as a signaling lipid, recruiting cytosolic proteins to appropriate membranes (e.g., sphingosine kinase 1[8]). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidic_acid

IgE that can specifically recognise an allergen (typically this is a protein, such as dust mite Der p 1, cat Fel d 1, grass or ... Presence of a unique immunoglobulin as a carrier of reaginic activity". J. Immunol. 97 (1): 75-85. PMID 4162440.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_E_antibodies

"Tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein regulates the expression of aldose reductase and protein kinase C δ in a mouse ... electron carrier activity. • oxidoreductase activity. • glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase activity. • alditol:NADP+ 1- ... Protein[edit]. AKR1B1 consists of 316 amino acid residues and weighs 35853Da. It does not possess the traditional dinucleotide ... stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade. • cellular response to peptide. • daunorubicin metabolic process. • ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKR1B1

The phosphate carrier (PiC) mediates the electroneutral exchange (antiport) of phosphate (H2PO4−; Pi) for OH− or symport of ... When this protein is active in the inner membrane it short circuits the coupling between the electron transport chain and ATP ... An uncoupling protein known as thermogenin is expressed in some cell types and is a channel that can transport protons. ... Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are consumed as reactants, it is the preferred method of pyruvate breakdown in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic_respiration

Solute carrier family: Cystinuria. *Hartnup disease. *Iminoglycinuria. *Lysinuric protein intolerance. *Fanconi syndrome: ... GABA acts via binding to its receptors which include the ligand gated ion channels, GABAA and GABAC and the G-protein couple ... Taurine is a non-protein sulfur amino acid that is found in high concentrations in human milk. It has been shown to have ... In terms of intracellular signaling, GHB inhibits mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase action via the GABAB receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-hydroxybutyric_aciduria

In general, proteins fold into discrete units that perform distinct cellular functions, but some proteins are also capable of ... although the idea that histone state can be read linearly as a digital information carrier has been largely debunked. One of ... The first way is post translational modification of the amino acids that make up histone proteins. Histone proteins are made up ... thereby reducing that protein's activity. In PSI+ cells, the loss of the Sup35 protein (which is involved in termination of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetic

protein binding. • calcium ion binding. • metal ion binding. Cellular component. • integral component of membrane. • membrane. ... reduced frequency of the Pro715 allele carriers in patients with myocardial infarction". Hum. Mol. Genet. 7 (8): 1277-84. doi: ... an EGF-like domain and a complement-binding protein-like domains (same as complement regulatory proteins: CRP) having short ... calcium-dependent protein binding. • glycosphingolipid binding. • fucose binding. • carbohydrate binding. • sialic acid binding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-selectin

... is a sarcomeric protein involved both in thick filament structure and in the regulation of contractility. It is composed of ... cMyBP-C [cardiac (MyBP-C) myosin-binding protein-C)] is a sarcomeric protein involved both in thick filament structure and in ... Localization of the binding site of the C-terminal domain of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C on the myosin rod.. ... "Localization of the Binding Site of the C-Terminal Domain of Cardiac Myosin-Binding Protein-C on the Myosin Rod." The ...

https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9aad2cf1-2334-4cd2-91bd-3d882d400bdd

Human MPC1(Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Protein 1) ELISA Kit. *Mouse APLP1(Amyloid Beta Precursor Like Protein 1) ELISA Kit ... Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein Binding Protein B3) ELISA Kit. *Rat APPBP2(Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein Binding Protein 2) ... Human EML2(Echinoderm Microtubule Associated Protein Like Protein 2) ELISA Kit. *Human PLAC9(Placenta Specific Protein 9) ELISA ... Mouse MYBPC1(Myosin Binding Protein C, Slow Type) ELISA Kit Mouse MYBPC1(Myosin Binding Protein C, Slow Type) ELISA Kit. To ...

https://www.operatiebrp.nl/mouse-mybpc1myosin-binding-protein-c-slow-type-elisa-kit/

Haem or Heme carrier protein 1 (HCP1) was originally identified as mediating heme-Fe transport although it later emerged that ... Functional characterization of human proton-coupled folate transporter/heme carrier protein 1 heterologously expressed in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haem_carrier_protein_1

Biotin Carboxyl Carrier Protein (BCCP) refers to proteins containing a biotin attachment domain that carry biotin and ... In the case of E. coli Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the BCCP is a separate protein known as accB (P0ABD8). On the other hand, in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin_carboxyl_carrier_protein

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-Ketoacyl_ACP_reductase

These antigens are poor immunogens unless conjugated to proteins.. The role of the carrier protein is to enhance immunogenicity ... and Neisseria outer membrane protein. Access to clinically-proven, safe, and efficacious carrier proteins is critical for ... The number of carrier proteins used in licensed vaccines is relatively limited and includes tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, ... Carrier proteins both increase the magnitude of the immune response as well as engender B-cell "memory." ...

https://www.genengnews.com/magazine/193/recombinant-production-of-carrier-proteins/

as the carrier for surface proteins of HIV. A trial of these particles for. potential use in immune therapy is in progress. ... the coat protein from the virus on the carrier and plans to test it in rabbit. soon. ... To test the ceramic carriers, the researchers attached to them a common. protein from the blood transferrin. They then examined ... an electron microscope after labelling the coated carriers with a gold-bound. antibody. The antibodies recognised the protein, ...

https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12917523-300-technology-proteins-keep-in-shape-with-ceramic-carrier/

Protein expression data [Model Organism Protein Expres...] Protein expression data. Model Organism Protein Expression Database ... This gene encodes a member of the P(I/L)W subfamily of mitochondrial carrier family transport proteins. The encoded protein ... mitochondrial folate transporter/carrier [Homo sapiens]. NCBI Reference Sequence: NP_110407.2. Identical Proteins FASTA ... mitochondrial folate transporter/carrier [Homo sapiens] mitochondrial folate transporter/carrier [Homo sapiens]. gi,21314739, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_110407

... is a acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] (CHEBI:16018) ... acyl-carrier-protein] (CHEBI:84648). (R)-3-Hydroxyhexanoyl-[acp] (CHEBI:326) is a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] ( ... CHEBI:84648 - (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]. Main. ChEBI Ontology. Automatic Xrefs. Reactions. Pathways. Models. ... An acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] where the acyl group is substituted at the pro-3R position by a hydroxy group.. ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:84648

... Arpita I. Mehta,1,2 Sally Ross,2,3 Mark S. Lowenthal,2 Vincent Fusaro ... This study examined the proportion of LMM biomarkers, which are bound to circulating carrier proteins. Mass spectroscopic ... Several insights emerged: a) Accumulation of LMM biomarkers on circulating carrier proteins greatly amplifies the total serum/ ... These findings shift the focus of biomarker detection to the carrier protein and its biomarker content. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/dm/2003/104879/abs/

putative acyl carrier protein [Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)] putative acyl carrier protein [Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)]. gi ... RefSeq protein See the reference protein sequence for acyl carrier protein (NP_627461.1). ... Transcript/Protein Information [PANTHER Classification System] Transcript/Protein Information. PANTHER Classification System ... The tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match Prosite patterns in ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/4490996

We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their ... InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/protein/V6F2A4

The carrier according to the invention is prepared from a sulfochlorinated macroporous crosslinked styrene resin by reacting ... thioisocyanate or aldehyde groups as protein-binding groups and may or may not contain sulfonic acid groups--which may also be ... which in turn fix a biologically active protein by covalent bonds. ... used as a carrier for covalently binding proteins, which resin contains isocyanate, ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US4266030?dq=ininventor:oliver+ininventor:steele

Toxoplasma gondii apicoplast-targeted acyl carrier protein.. Lunin, V.V., Wernimont, A., Lew, J., Qiu, W., Lin, L., Hassanali, ... Protein Workshop , Ligand Explorer. Global Symmetry: Asymmetric - C1 Global Stoichiometry: Monomer - A1 Find Similar Assemblies ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2qnw

A study reports that low blood protein levels are found to be associated with reduced insulin resistance and thus risk of ... A protein in blood called retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), when reduced by the effect of modified diet and good exercise ... Kahns group of researchers found RBP4, a protein that transports vitamin A in the blood may be a cause for insulin resistance ... A study reports that low blood protein levels are found to be associated with reduced insulin resistance and thus risk of ...

http://www.medindia.net/news/view_news_main.asp?x=11351

View protein in InterPro. IPR002113 Aden_trnslctor. IPR002067 Mit_carrier. IPR018108 Mitochondrial_sb/sol_carrier. IPR023395 Mt ... View protein in InterPro. IPR002113 Aden_trnslctor. IPR002067 Mit_carrier. IPR018108 Mitochondrial_sb/sol_carrier. IPR023395 Mt ... to allow unambiguous identification of a protein.,p>,a href=/help/protein_names target=_top>More...,/a>,/p>Protein namesi. ... ATP/ADP carrier proteinImported. ,p>Information which has been imported from another database using automatic procedures.,/p> , ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q41628

Purification and characterization of β-ketacyl-facyl-carrier-protein] reductase, β-hydroxyacyl-[acylcarrier-protein] dehydrase ... Acyl Carrier Protein Fatty Acid Synthetase Lower Specific Activity Incorporated Label Brassica CAMPESTRIS These keywords were ... Barley chloroplasts contain two acyl carrier proteins coded for by different genes. Carlsberg.Res.Commun., 49: 483-492.CrossRef ... Malonyl-CoA: acyl carrier protein transacylase from spinach. Fed.Proc., 41: 1192.Google Scholar ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-5263-1_89

Structural modification of acyl carrier protein by butyryl group.. Wu, B.N., Zhang, Y.M., Rock, C.O., Zheng, J.J.. (2009) ... Acyl carrier protein (ACP) shuttles the acyl intermediates between individual pathway enzymes. In this study, we determined the ... Acyl carrier protein (ACP) shuttles the acyl intermediates between individual pathway enzymes. In this study, we determined the ... Structural modification of acyl carrier protein by butyryl group. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb2K92/pdb ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2k92

Compare solute carrier family 22 member 1 Proteins from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, prices, citations ... solute carrier family 22 member 1 Proteins. Recombinant proteins for solute carrier family 22 member 1 are available from ... Your search returned 6 Proteins solute carrier family 22 member 1 Recombinant Proteins across 3 suppliers. ... This protein is encoded by the gene SLC22A1. Other names also exist, such as: solute carrier family 22 member 1, organic cation ...

https://www.biocompare.com/pfu/14853975/soids/2270801/Recombinant_Proteins/solute_carrier_family_22_member_1

Compare solute carrier family 18 member B1 Proteins from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, prices, ... solute carrier family 18 member B1 Proteins. Recombinant proteins for solute carrier family 18 member B1 are available from ... Your search returned 4 Proteins solute carrier family 18 member B1 Recombinant Proteins across 2 suppliers. ... In humans, this protein has a Uniprot ID of Q6NT16. This protein is 456 amino acids in length and 48.9 kilodaltons in mass. ...

https://www.biocompare.com/pfu/14853975/soids/2277665/Recombinant_Proteins/solute_carrier_family_18_member_B1

ubiquitin carrier protein;. APC,. anaphase promoting complex;. C→S mutant,. cysteine → serine mutant. ... Ubiquitin is then transferred to one of several members of a family of E2 or ubiquitin carrier proteins (UBCs). Transfer of ... Dominant-negative cyclin-selective ubiquitin carrier protein E2-C/UbcH10 blocks cells in metaphase. Fiona M. Townsley, ... In clam eggs, this process is catalyzed by a cyclin-selective ubiquitin carrier protein, E2-C, and the cyclosome/anaphase ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/94/6/2362.full

KLH serving as protein carrier in several vaccines, the homing profile of KLH-specific response may be applicable to the cancer ... Humoral Immune Response to Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin, the Protein Carrier in Cancer Vaccines. A. Kantele,1,2,3 M. P. Häkkinen, ... Keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) appears to be a promising protein carrier for tumor antigens in numerous cancer vaccine ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2011/614383/abs/

The carrier proteins are use useful as components of vaccines that can elicit a T-cell dependent immune response. These ... The invention relates to polyepitope carrier proteins that comprise at least five CD4+ T cell epitopes, for conjugation to ... 5. The carrier protein according to claim 1, wherein the carrier protein is in an oligomeric form.. 6. The carrier protein ... 2. The carrier protein according to claim 1, that further comprises an hsp70CD4+ T cell epitope.. 3. The carrier protein ...

http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/6855321.html

Carrier Free Life Sciences:Protein Biology:Proteins:Proteins A-Z:Proteins F ... The Bovine Fibronectin Protein is derived from Bovine Plasma. The Bovine Fibronectin Protein has been validated for the ... R&D Systems Bovine Fibronectin Protein Extensive quality control produces industry leading bioactivity and lot-to-lot ...

https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/r-d-systems-bovine-fibronectin-protein-2/1030FN01M

IPR018108, Mitochondrial_sb/sol_carrier. IPR023395, Mt_carrier_dom_sf. Pfami. View protein in Pfam. PF00153, Mito_carr, 1 ... View protein in InterPro. IPR018108, Mitochondrial_sb/sol_carrier. IPR023395, Mt_carrier_dom_sf. ... to allow unambiguous identification of a protein.,p>,a href=/help/protein_names target=_top>More...,/a>,/p>Protein namesi. ... p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.,p>,a ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A3Q4EIA3

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Template:Carrier_proteins&oldid=1517597" ...

https://wikidoc.org/index.php/Template:Carrier_proteins

Browse our Sterol carrier protein 2 Protein catalog backed by our Guarantee+. ... Sterol carrier protein 2 Proteins available through Novus Biologicals. ... SCP-CHI protein, SCP-X protein, SCPX protein, sterol carrier protein 2EC 2.3.1.176 protein, Sterol carrier protein X protein ... Sterol carrier protein 2 Proteins. We offer Sterol carrier protein 2 Peptides and Sterol carrier protein 2 Proteins for use in ...

https://www.novusbio.com/proteins/sterol-carrier-protein-2?related_diseases=Fatty%20Liver

... and peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP) and aryl carrier proteins (ArCP) of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). ... of several acyl carrier proteins involved in pathways of primary and secondary metabolism including the acyl carrier proteins ( ... The acyl carrier protein (ACP) is an important component in both fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis with the growing chain ... Acyl+Carrier+Protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ...

http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Acyl_carrier_protein

Features of Imject Blue Carrier Protein: High-yield conjugationeach molecule of CCH contains hundreds of primary amines avai ... Imject Blue Carrier Protein is a highly soluble, mollusk-derived hemocyanin that enable simple preparation of effective ... Carrier protein activation and conjugation data for immunogen preparation. Related Products. Imject™ Blue Carrier™ Protein (in ... Blue Carrier Protein is specially purified hemocyanin from the mollusk Concholepas concholepas. The CCH protein is composed of ...

https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/77130

protein coding gene. Chr9:57560927-57588798 (+). 129S1/SvImJ MGP_129S1SvImJ_G0034870. protein coding gene. Chr9:56777241- ... protein coding gene. Chr9:54251049-54277875 (+). CAST/EiJ MGP_CASTEiJ_G0033874. protein coding gene. Chr9:56782197-56811838 (+) ... protein coding gene. Chr9:56694409-56722861 (+). C57BL/6NJ MGP_C57BL6NJ_G0035362. protein coding gene. Chr9:58360079-58389463 ... protein coding gene. Chr9:57074735-57102305 (+). NOD/ShiLtJ MGP_NODShiLtJ_G0034668. protein coding gene. Chr9:61895471-61926548 ...

http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:1346518

Shop a large selection of Proteins A-Z products and learn more about R Human CLEC3B/Tetranectin Recombinant Protein 50ug; ... The Recombinant Human CLEC3B/Tetranectin Protein is derived from NS0. The Recombinant Human CLEC3B/Tetranectin Protein has been ... Mouse myeloma cell line,NS0-derived human CLEC3B/Tetranectin protein Glu22-Val202,with a C-terminal 6-His tag. ...

https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/r-d-systems-human-clec3b-tetranectin-recombinant-protein/5170CL050

Rabbit recombinant monoclonal Sterol carrier protein 2 antibody [EPR9022]. Validated in WB, IHC, ICC/IF and tested in Mouse, ... Anti-Sterol carrier protein 2 antibody [EPR9022]. See all Sterol carrier protein 2 primary antibodies. ... Protein - Recombinant Human Sterol carrier protein 2 (ab117049) WB, ELISA, SDS-PAGE ... All lanes : Anti-Sterol carrier protein 2 antibody [EPR9022] (ab140126) at 1/1000 dilution. Lane 1 : WI38 cell lysate. Lane 2 : ...

https://www.abcam.com/sterol-carrier-protein-2-antibody-epr9022-ab140126.html

Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Mouse Myosin Binding Protein C, Slow Type (MYBPC1) in samples from Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Myosin Binding Protein C, Slow Type (MYBPC1). (operatiebrp.nl)

Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Myosin Binding Protein C, Slow Type from Mouse in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)

Localization of the binding site of the C-terminal domain of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C on the myosin rod. (ox.ac.uk)

cMyBP-C [cardiac (MyBP-C) myosin-binding protein-C)] is a sarcomeric protein involved both in thick filament structure and in the regulation of contractility. (ox.ac.uk)

The number of carrier proteins used in licensed vaccines is relatively limited and includes tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, CRM 197 (a nontoxic mutant of diphtheria toxin), Haemophilus influenzae protein D, and Neisseria outer membrane protein. (genengnews.com)
2. A membrane protein for facilitated diffusion of a specific substance into a cell. (thefreedictionary.com)
In recent years, progress in handling detergents for the solubilization and isolation of integral membrane protein has been outstanding. (springer.com)
1974). Our objective was to isolate the membrane protein not only in a pure but also in the native state. (springer.com)
One binding partner we identified was SCAMP2, a member of the secretory carrier membrane protein (SCAMP) gene family. (sigmaaldrich.com)

One possible application of the new carrier could be to carry an antigen from the giant Epstein-Barr virus and stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against it. (newscientist.com)
KLH serving as protein carrier in several vaccines, the homing profile of KLH-specific response may be applicable to the cancer antigen parts in the same vaccines. (hindawi.com)
Self amd Foreign 60-Kilodalton Heat Shock Protein T Cell Epitope Peptides Serve As Immunogenic Carriers for a T Cell-Independent Sugar Antigen", J. Immunol. (patentgenius.com)
Linking the antigens to immunogenic carrier proteins or making large, cross- linked peptide constructs can increase the immunogenicity of a synthetic antigen. (thefreedictionary.com)
These surface antigens may serve as carrier proteins and also as a common antigen for vaccine of broad specificity. (biomedcentral.com)

Purification and characterization of β-ketacyl-facyl-carrier-protein] reductase, β-hydroxyacyl-[acylcarrier-protein] dehydrase, and enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase from Spinacea oleracea leaves. (springer.com)
We report that this natural diphenyl ether inhibits Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) enoyl (acyl carrier protein) reductase (ENR). (plantphysiol.org)

We offer Sterol carrier protein 2 Peptides and Sterol carrier protein 2 Proteins for use in common research applications: ELISA, Protein Array, Western Blot. (novusbio.com)
Each Sterol carrier protein 2 Peptide and Sterol carrier protein 2 Protein is fully covered by our Guarantee+, to give you complete peace of mind and the support when you need it. (novusbio.com)
Our Sterol carrier protein 2 Peptides and Sterol carrier protein 2 Proteins can be used in a variety of model species: Human. (novusbio.com)
Choose from our Sterol carrier protein 2 Peptides and Proteins. (novusbio.com)
Synthetic peptide within Human Sterol carrier protein 2 aa 1-100 (N terminal). (abcam.com)
also known as sterol carrier protein 2 deficiency. (abcam.com)

Three mammalian SCAMPs (secretory carrier membrane proteins) are highly related products of distinct genes having similar subcellular distributions. (jax.org)
Secretory Carrier Membrane Proteins (SCAMPs) are a group of tetraspanning integral membrane proteins evolutionarily conserved from insects to mammals and plants. (frontiersin.org)
Secretory carrier membrane proteins interact and regulate trafficking of the organellar (Na+,K+)/H+ exchanger NHE7. (sigmaaldrich.com)

The function of acyl thioesterases in the metabolism of acylcoenzymes A and acyl-acyl carrier proteins. (springer.com)
The acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase B1 from Arabidopsis (AtFATB1) was previously shown to exhibit in vitro hydrolytic activity for long chain acyl-acyl carrier proteins (P. Dörmann, T.A. Voelker, J.B. Ohlrogge [1995] Arch Biochem Biophys 316: 612-618). (plantphysiol.org)

The antibodies recognised the protein, which suggest that its shape had not changed. (newscientist.com)
Successful production of antibodies specific to small antigens (i.e., peptides or drug compounds) requires that these haptens be covalently conjugated to a larger, more complex molecule (usually a protein) to make them immunogenic. (thermofisher.com)
Because of their large size and molecular complexity, KLH and CCH hemocyanins are carrier proteins of choice for use as immunogens to produce antibodies against haptens and peptides. (thermofisher.com)
We offer keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and other carrier proteins to conjugate peptides and haptens through sulfhydryl, amine or carboxyl groups to elicit the production of specific antibodies against almost any molecule. (thermofisher.com)
Search, Find and Buy Antibodies, ELISA Kits and Proteins. (antibodies-online.com)
Custom ELISA Kits, Recombinant Proteins and Antibodies can be designed, manufactured and produced according to the researcher's specifications. (mybiosource.com)

Many of the individual component enzymes have been partially purified including malonyl-CoAracyl carrier protein (ACP) transacylase (4), β-ketoacyl-ACP reductase (5, 6), (β-hydroxylacyl-ACP dehydrase (6), enoyl ACP reductase (5, 6) and acetyl-CoA: ACP transacylase (ATA) (1). (springer.com)
An empirical relationship between the experimental inhibitory activities of triclosan derivatives and its computationally predicted Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (PfENR) dock poses was developed to model activities of known antimalarials. (mmv.org)

Nakai Y, Inoue K, Abe N, Hatakeyama M, Ohta KY, Otagiri M, Hayashi Y, Yuasa H. Functional characterization of human proton-coupled folate transporter/heme carrier protein 1 heterologously expressed in mammalian cells as a folate transporter. (wikipedia.org)
Partial purification and characterization of two forms of malonyl-coenzyme A-acyl carrier protein transacylase from soybean leaf tissue. (springer.com)
Isolation of varied neuron-enriched membrane-bound transporters as SCAMP-binding proteins and characterization of SCAMPs' role as targeting regulators have provided additional insights. (frontiersin.org)
Fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: cloning and characterization of the fabAB operon encoding beta-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase (FabA) and beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I (FabB). (asm.org)
Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Fatty Acyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Thioesterase Gene (BnFatB) in Brassica napus L. (magiran.com)
Characterization of a recombinant pneumolysin and its use as a protein carrier for pneumococcal type 18C conjugate vaccines. (asm.org)
This review discusses the method of preparation and characterization of liposome based protein peptide delivery for the treatment of cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
Rat astroglial somatomedin/insulin-like growth factor binding proteins: characterization and evidence of biologic function. (semanticscholar.org)

The crystal structure of diphtheria toxin (DT) reveals that the molecule consists of three domains: a catalytic domain (fragment A), a transmembrane domain, and a receptor-binding domain (both in fragment B). Mild trypsinization and reduction of the native molecule in vitro results in two fragments, A and B. Fragment A is a NAD+ binding enzyme that inhibits protein synthesis. (genengnews.com)
Synthetic Peptide Representing a T-Cell Epitope of CRM197 Substitutes as Carrier Molecule in a Haemophilus Influenzae Type b (HIB) Conjugate Vaccine", Advances in Exper. (patentgenius.com)
The short answer is that the energy needed to change the conformation of the carrier protein is provided by the concentration gradient of the molecule being transported. (madsci.org)
In this mindset, you have a series of equilibria, each with their own constants, that govern the interaction between the protein carrier and the molecule(s) being transported. (madsci.org)
a multiunit transmembrane protein that possesses specific binding sites of a particular molecule and transports that substance across the cell membrane. (thefreedictionary.com)
In facilitated diffusion, the carrier protein facilitate the molecule by changing its shape and move the molecule across the membrane. (biology-online.org)
If the energy barrier between protein conformations is low, a protein can randomly pick up cargo on one side of the membrane and (THWACK with a solvent molecule) change conformation to release the cargo on the other side. (biology-online.org)
The number of binding sites on the protein molecule was ~1. (mdpi.com)
The report provides comprehensive information on the Solute Carrier Family 22 Member 12 (Organic Anion Transporter 4 Like Protein or Renal Specific Transporter or RST or Urate Anion Exchanger 1 or SLC22A12), targeted therapeutics, complete with analysis by indications, stage of development, mechanism of action (MoA), route of administration (RoA) and molecule type. (researchandmarkets.com)
7 8 Activated protein C resistance (APCR) is caused by the presence of a mutant factor V molecule (factor V:Q 506 ) in which a single point mutation leads to a substitution of Arg506 by Gln in 1 of the APC cleavage sites. (ahajournals.org)
In the case of NADH, this molecule is used by catabolic pathways as an electron carrier for the ultimate production of ATP. (coursehero.com)

ATA has the lowest specific activity in comparison with the other enzymes in the system and has been reported as catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the plant fatty acid synthetase (FAS) system: the thioester transfer reaction between acetyl-CoA and acyl carrier protein to form acetyl-ACP. (springer.com)
The acyl carrier protein (ACP) is an important component in both fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis with the growing chain bound during synthesis as a thiol ester at the distal thiol of a 4'-phophopantethiene moiety. (wikidoc.org)
4'- Phosphopantetheine is an essential prosthetic group of several acyl carrier proteins involved in pathways of primary and secondary metabolism including the acyl carrier proteins (ACP) of fatty acid synthases, ACP of polyketide synthases, and peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP) and aryl carrier proteins (ArCP) of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). (wikidoc.org)
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are intracellular proteins that mediate AEA transport to its catabolic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). (nih.gov)
Central to FA synthesis, the ACP (acyl carrier protein) represents the cofactor protein that covalently binds all fatty acyl intermediates via a phosphopantetheine linker during the synthesis process. (biochemj.org)
Recent studies implied that P II proteins may also be involved in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism, since GlnB proteins from Proteobacteria and from Arabidopsis thaliana were shown to interact with biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). (frontiersin.org)
Plant fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase (FAT) is a major enzyme regulating the amount and composition of fatty acids in lipids. (magiran.com)
In this study, one type of cDNA, corresponding to the fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein (acyl-ACP) thioesterase (Fat) enzyme, was isolated from the seed of Brassica napus cv. (magiran.com)
This study demonstrated that the BnFatB gene had similar function as the FatB enzyme, preferentially releasing saturated fatty acid from the acyl carrier protein. (magiran.com)
Acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterases play an essential role in chain termination during de novo fatty acid synthesis and in the channeling of carbon flux between the two lipid biosynthesis pathways in plants. (plantcell.org)

Ubiquitin is then transferred to one of several members of a family of E2 or ubiquitin carrier proteins (UBCs). (pnas.org)

This gene encodes a member of the P(I/L)W subfamily of mitochondrial carrier family transport proteins. (nih.gov)
p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence. (uniprot.org)
This protein is encoded by the gene SLC22A1. (biocompare.com)
section indicates the name(s) of the gene(s) that code for the protein sequence(s) described in the entry. (uniprot.org)
The choices of species and reviewed settings are considered only if you query protein names, protein description or gene names. (genscript.com)
This study describes Th lymphocyte reactivity in EIAV carrier horses to two proteins, p26 and p15, encoded by the relatively conserved EIAV gag gene. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
By whole genome sequencing, we identified a causal gene in the mutant as SUPPRESSOR OF SALICYLIC ACID INSENSITIVITY2 (SSI2), which encodes stearoyl‐acyl carrier protein desaturase that converts stearic acids to oleic acids in the chloroplasts. (deepdyve.com)
This gene is a member of the mitochondrial carrier family. (mybiosource.com)

Within the rapidly growing vaccine space, conjugate vaccines-polysaccharide antigens covalently linked to carrier proteins-have been shown to be effective against several bacterial pathogens. (genengnews.com)
Conjugate vaccines use carrier proteins to increase the immunogenicity of antigens (e.g., peptides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides) and other haptens. (genengnews.com)
These antigens are poor immunogens unless conjugated to proteins. (genengnews.com)
Keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) appears to be a promising protein carrier for tumor antigens in numerous cancer vaccine candidates. (hindawi.com)
Imject Blue Carrier Protein is a highly soluble, mollusk-derived hemocyanin that enable simple preparation of effective immunogens with amine- or carboxyl-peptide antigens. (thermofisher.com)
Blue Carrier Protein is a purified preparation of Concholepas concholepas hemocyanin (CCH) that confers high immunogenicity to conjugated antigens for injection and immunization in antibody production procedures. (thermofisher.com)
Purified and activated forms of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a convenient, highly soluble protein for use as a carrier in preparing immunogens for antibody production from haptens and other non-immunogenic antigens. (thermofisher.com)

Peptide mapping at 97.4% sequence coverage shows high similarity between the two proteins. (genengnews.com)
View conserved domains detected in this protein sequence using CD-search. (nih.gov)
See the reference protein sequence for acyl carrier protein (NP_627461.1). (nih.gov)
Note that the 'protein existence' evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence(s) displayed. (uniprot.org)
Although CSPs share no sequence similarity with OBPs, these two groups of carrier proteins are characterized structurally by a hydrophilic surface and a hydrophobic core, respectively, to make them soluble in the sensillar lymph and to enable them to bind and carry olfactory ligands. (thefreedictionary.com)
The sequence of ENR is highly conserved within higher plants and a homology model of Arabidopsis ENR was derived from the crystal structure of the protein from Brassica napus . (plantphysiol.org)
A cDNA encoding a protein having a 53% amino acid sequence homology in the PDGF-like region of VEGF has been isolated from a human placental cDNA library. (neuromics.com)

Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest. (uniprot.org)

Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier family. (mybiosource.com)

Palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase and the evolutionary origin of plant acyl-ACP thioesterases. (plantcell.org)
Below are the list of possible Palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase products. (mybiosource.com)
Also known as Palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase, chloroplastic (16:0-acyl-carrier protein thioesterase) (16:0-ACP thioesterase) (Acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase) (Acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase B1) (AtFATB1). (mybiosource.com)
Encodes an acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase. (mybiosource.com)

Barley chloroplasts contain two acyl carrier proteins coded for by different genes. (springer.com)
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa fabA and fabB genes, encoding beta-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase and beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I, respectively, were cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. (asm.org)

The large protein exhibits most of the same immunogenic properties as the popular carrier protein, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). (thermofisher.com)
Purified and activated forms of Blue Carrier™ Protein, a highly immunogenic and soluble hemocyanin carrier protein for conjugation to peptides and other haptens to elicit a strong immune response and obtain high-yield antibody production. (thermofisher.com)

The family of P II signal transduction proteins (members GlnB, GlnK, NifI) plays key roles in various cellular processes related to nitrogen metabolism at different functional levels. (frontiersin.org)
P II proteins are small homotrimeric signal transduction proteins with binding sites for ATP/ADP and 2-OG at the three intersubunit-clefts and large flexible T-loops emanating from these sites, with the T-loop conformation reflecting the ligand binding status ( Forchhammer and Lüddecke, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)

For the purposes of the invention, proteins are biologically active substances, preferably enzymes. (google.com)
Acyl carrier protein (ACP) shuttles the acyl intermediates between individual pathway enzymes. (rcsb.org)

CRM 197 , which has a single amino acid substitution of glutamic acid for glycine, is a well-characterized carrier protein and is utilized in a number of approved conjugate vaccines for diseases such as meningitis and pneumococcal bacterial infection. (genengnews.com)
Structurally, the ACPs are small negatively charged α-helical bundle proteins with a high degree of structural and amino acid similarity. (wikidoc.org)
The FabA and FabB proteins were similar in size and amino acid composition to their counterparts from Escherichia coli and to the putative homologs from Haemophilus influenzae. (asm.org)
The cDNA contained a 1,245 bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding a protein that contained 414 amino acid residues. (magiran.com)
SARS-CoV-2 S Protein RBD, amino acid Arg319-Phe541 (Accession # QHD43416.1), with a C-terminal 8-his tag and an Avi-tag was expressed in 293E cells. (biolegend.com)
The 260 amino acid recombinant protein has a predicted molecular mass of approximately 28.9 kD. (biolegend.com)

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and NADP + , whereas its 3 products are 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] , NADPH , and H + . (wikipedia.org)
The systematic name of this enzyme class is (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]:NADP + oxidoreductase . (wikipedia.org)
HPr, a phosphate carrier protein of the streptococcal phosphotransferase system, is phosphorylated at the N-1 position of a single histidyl residue in a reaction requiring phosphoenolpyruvate (P-ePrv), Mg2+, and enzyme I (P-ePrv-HPr phosphotransferase, EC2.7.3.9). (pnas.org)
The phosphatase reaction is strongly inhibited by the addition of P-ePrv and enzyme I. Protein kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of the enzyme constituents of the phosphotransferase system in Escherichia coli has also been demonstrated. (pnas.org)
More than one enzyme is involved in the release of 16:0 from 16:0 acyl carrier protein (ACP) and its incorporation into lipids. (plantphysiol.org)
SARS-CoV-2 S Protein RBD was site-specifically biotinylated by enzyme BirA. (biolegend.com)
Stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (SAD) is a key enzyme that converts stearic acid to oleic acid. (deepdyve.com)

6) This is a significant number on its own, but the situation may be even worse when accounting for the fact that the majority of the hormone is bound to carrier proteins including sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin and, as such, may not be available for tissues to use. (thefreedictionary.com)
The drug has also been assessed at steroid hormone-associated carrier proteins, and shows very low binding to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) but high affinity for corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) approximately equal to that of progesterone. (wikipedia.org)

D'Agnolo G, Rosenfeld IS, Vagelos PR: Multiple forms of beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase in Escherichia coli. (acronymattic.com)

Also known as Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein SCaMC-1 (Mitochondrial ATP-Mg/Pi carrier protein 1) (Mitochondrial Ca(2+)-dependent solute carrier protein 1) (Small calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein 1) (Solute carrier family 25 member 24). (mybiosource.com)

The ACP's are structural and mechanistically related to the peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP) from nonribosomal peptide synthases. (wikidoc.org)

Pneumolysin from Streptococcus pneumoniae was expressed in Escherichia coli as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein and purified by affinity and hydroxylapatite chromatography. (asm.org)
Therefore we conjugated fimbrial protein with a core oligosaccharide fraction obtained from Escherichia coli K-12 lipopolysaccharide, which has been found to contain an epitope common for several enterobacterial species [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

A macroporous crosslinked styrene resin, used as a carrier for covalently binding proteins, which resin contains isocyanate, thioisocyanate or aldehyde groups as protein-binding groups and may or may not contain sulfonic acid groups--which may also be in the form of the sodium salt or of sulfonic acid. (google.com)

Dominant-negative clam E2-C and human UbcH10 proteins, created by altering the catalytic cysteine to serine, inhibit the in vitro ubiquitination and destruction of cyclin B in clam oocyte extracts. (pnas.org)
The stability, protein-loading rate, and in vitro release of BAY 55-9837 from CS-SeNPs were also quantified. (dovepress.com)
Direct association of these two proteins was further supported by co-immunolocalization and co-immunoprecipitation analyses using transfected cells, by their co-sedimentation in membrane fractions resolved on sucrose density gradients, and by in vitro protein binding assays. (sigmaaldrich.com)

A series of comparability studies were performed, comparing both the structure and function of P. fluorescens recombinant CRM 197 to the protein produced in the native organism, C. diphtheriae . (genengnews.com)

Wolf AM.A., Perchorowicz J.T. (1987) The Purification of Acetyl-CoA: Acyl Carrier Protein Transacylase from Brassica campestris Leaves. (springer.com)
RNA and protein-blot analysis in Arabidopsis and rapeseed ( Brassica napus ) showed that the endogenous AtFATB1 expression was highest in flowers and lower in leaves. (plantphysiol.org)

The rPL was used as a protein carrier to prepare conjugate vaccine with pneumococcal type 18C polysaccharide (PS18C). (asm.org)
These results prompt us for studies on practical use of fimbriae, especially type 1, as carriers for conjugate vaccine. (biomedcentral.com)

Although it is known that these hydrophobic compounds can be transported in blood by albumin or lipoproteins, the intracellular carrier has not been identified. (nih.gov)

Nano-liposomes are the newly developed delivery systems for cancer therapy that are finding a position particularly suitable as peptide and protein carriers. (eurekaselect.com)
The overall pharmacological properties of commonly used protein and peptide in cancer therapy can be improved by the incorporation of protein and peptide into the nano-liposome. (eurekaselect.com)
This review also explores latest work intended for targeted treatment of cancer by nano-liposomal protein and peptide delivery system. (eurekaselect.com)
This type of delivery is targeting protein and peptide to tumor site by avoiding the reticuloendothelial system. (eurekaselect.com)
Methods of nano-liposome delivery containing protein and peptide are also highlighted. (eurekaselect.com)
Tapan Kumar Giri, Ayan Giri, Tapan Kumar Barman and Subhasis Maity, "Nanoliposome is a Promising Carrier of Protein and Peptide Biomolecule for the Treatment of Cancer", Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (2016) 16: 816. (eurekaselect.com)

p>When browsing through different UniProt proteins, you can use the 'basket' to save them, so that you can back to find or analyse them later. (uniprot.org)
In humans, this protein has a Uniprot ID of O15245. (biocompare.com)
In humans, this protein has a Uniprot ID of Q6NT16. (biocompare.com)
If you enter a valid Uniprot ID, UniProt accession number or RefSeq protein ID, the system will not consider the species and reviewed settings of your query. (genscript.com)

When transfected into mammalian cells, mutant UbcH10 inhibits the destruction of both cyclin A and B, arrests cells in M phase, and inhibits the onset of anaphase, presumably by blocking the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of proteins responsible for sister chromatid separation. (pnas.org)

Carrier proteins are large, complex molecules capable of stimulating an immune response upon injection. (thermofisher.com)
three molecules of the acyl carrier protein (ASP). (proteopedia.org)
Crystal structures of substrate binding to Bacillus subtilis holo-(acyl carrier protein) synthase reveal a novel trimeric arrangement of molecules resulting in three active sites. (proteopedia.org)
A generic term for a protein that reversibly binds to various small molecules, including amino acids, sugars, inorganic ions, vitamins and other molecules. (thefreedictionary.com)

They then examined the protein under an electron microscope after labelling the coated carriers with a gold-bound antibody. (newscientist.com)
This study examined the proportion of LMM biomarkers, which are bound to circulating carrier proteins. (hindawi.com)
Mass spectroscopic analysis of human serum following molecular mass fractionation, demonstrated that the majority of LMM biomarkers exist bound to carrier proteins. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, the pattern of LMM biomarkers bound specifically to albumin is distinct from those bound to non-albumin carriers. (hindawi.com)
Several insights emerged: a) Accumulation of LMM biomarkers on circulating carrier proteins greatly amplifies the total serum/plasma concentration of the measurable biomarker, b) The total serum/plasma biomarker concentration is largely determined by the carrier protein clearance rate, not the unbound biomarker clearance rate itself, and c) Examination of the LMM species bound to a specific carrier protein may contain important diagnostic information. (hindawi.com)
2. A process for fixing proteins wherein a carrier as set forth in claim 1 is stirred with the protein to be bound, in an aqueous solution, at from 0 to 50 C. for from 1/2 to 24 hours. (google.com)
The advantages of using bound proteins are their reusability, the ease with which they can be separated from the substrate or from its solution, their frequently greater stability compared to the soluble form, the avoidance of contamination of the reaction products, and the capability of carrying out continuous reactions in columns or similar reactors. (google.com)
Separate from this, the carrier can also flip between the two conformations when A is not bound, and the likelihood of one conformation or the other is not as dependent on the concentration of A inside or out. (madsci.org)
Without A bound, the "carrier out" conformation is probably favored, but even if the two states are pretty much equally likely the same concentration gradient that powers steps 1-3 will lead to the empty carrier flipping back to be open to the outside. (madsci.org)
A diverse array of protein degradation fragments appear to accumulate in plasma, bound to carrier proteins such as albumin (18-20). (thefreedictionary.com)
The selectivity of binding of low-molecular-weight constituents for different classes of carrier proteins was explored further (17,18), revealing that subsets of bound low-molecular-weight peptides and sequenced protein fragments associated with albumin were different from those bound to immunoglobulin, apolipoprotein, and transferrin (18). (thefreedictionary.com)
A deletion mutant of SCAMP2 lacking this region (SCAMP2/Delta184-208) bound weakly to NHE7, but caused a significant fraction of NHE7 and wild-type SCAMP2 to redistribute to a pool of scattered recycling vesicles without noticeably affecting the location of other resident TGN (syntaxin 6) or Golgi cisternae (GM130) proteins. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Particle size distribution allowed to study the protein aggregation phenomenon induced by FA bound to the native proteins. (mdpi.com)
Stromal cells are then added and the cells are cultured to immobilize the cells on the carriers containing the bound protein. (google.com)

Abstract -Deficiencies of antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC) or protein S (PS), and activated protein C resistance (APCR) are very well-established coagulation defects predisposing to venous thromboembolism (VTE). (ahajournals.org)

Proteins 9, 10, 12, 22 and 54 are subunits of the TIM system that mediates import of multispanning carrier proteins into the inner membrane (IM). (gsf.de)
The CCH protein is composed of two very large polypeptide subunits (404/351 kDa) that form an extremely stable heterodidecameric structure even in the absence of divalent cations. (thermofisher.com)

Plants have isoforms for acyl carrier protein that are expressed differently in different tissues. (springer.com)
2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing. (mybiosource.com)

Thus carrier proteins released to the media during the binding incubation modulate the binding of IGF-I tracer to cell receptors, suggesting that the carrier proteins may play an important role in regulating cellular responsiveness to the IGFs. (jci.org)
The coronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein is a class I viral fusion protein on the outer envelope of the virion that plays a critical role in viral infection by recognizing host cell receptors and mediating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. (biolegend.com)

Stearoyl-acyl carrier protein Delta9 desaturase (Delta9D) from Ricinus communis converts stearic acid into monounsaturated oleic acid and functions to maintain the lipid composition of the cell membrane. (wisconsin.edu)
SAD, a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase highly expressed in high-oil maize inbred lines Liu, Zh. (deepdyve.com)

In the case of E. coli Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the BCCP is a separate protein known as accB (P0ABD8). (wikipedia.org)

In clam eggs, this process is catalyzed by a cyclin-selective ubiquitin carrier protein, E2-C, and the cyclosome/anaphase promoting complex (APC), a 20S particle containing cyclin-selective ubiquitin ligase activity. (pnas.org)

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes. (umassmed.edu)

membrane proteins that have a high affinity for particular solutes, e.g. glucose, and which facilitate the passage of these solutes through membrane barriers. (thefreedictionary.com)
The values obtained for the binding constants suggest a high affinity between proteins and FA. (mdpi.com)
Flt-1 (fms-like tyrosine kinase), and KDR (kinase-insert-domain-containing receptor) proteins have been shown to bind VEGF with high affinity. (neuromics.com)

The protein is expressed in the inactive apo form and the 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety must be post-translationally attached to a conserved serine residue on the ACP by the action of holo- acyl carrier protein synthase (ACPS) a phosphopantetheinyl transferase. (wikidoc.org)

Steroid-Protein Interactions II. (wikipedia.org)

Purified and activated forms of ovalbumin (OVA) from egg whites for use as a carrier protein to prepare immunogens for antibody production or secondary target for screening. (thermofisher.com)
If you cannot find the target and/or product is not available in our catalog, please click here to contact us and request the product or submit your request for custom elisa kit production , custom recombinant protein production or custom antibody production . (mybiosource.com)

To gain insight into these processes, yeast two-hybrid methodology was used to screen a human brain cDNA library for proteins that interact with the cytoplasmic C-terminus of NHE7. (sigmaaldrich.com)

For example, microscopic beads of polystyrene can be used as carriers but they change the conformation of many compounds. (newscientist.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms19

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs138

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes58

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science4

Named Groups1

Health Care4

The hematopoietic-specific adaptor protein gads functions in T-cell signaling via interactions with the SLP-76 and LAT adaptors. (1/44195)

Decreased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Par-4 in renal cell carcinoma. (2/44195)

Leptin suppression of insulin secretion and gene expression in human pancreatic islets: implications for the development of adipogenic diabetes mellitus. (3/44195)

Evidence for F-actin-dependent and -independent mechanisms involved in assembly and stability of the medial actomyosin ring in fission yeast. (4/44195)

Socs1 binds to multiple signalling proteins and suppresses steel factor-dependent proliferation. (5/44195)

The role of RBF in the introduction of G1 regulation during Drosophila embryogenesis. (6/44195)

The splicing factor-associated protein, p32, regulates RNA splicing by inhibiting ASF/SF2 RNA binding and phosphorylation. (7/44195)

Cyclin D-CDK subunit arrangement is dependent on the availability of competing INK4 and p21 class inhibitors. (8/44195)

Acyl Carrier Protein

Carrier Proteins

Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II

3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase

Pantetheine

Acyl-Carrier Protein S-Malonyltransferase

Enoyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase (NADH)

Carrier State

3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase

Escherichia coli

Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups)

Triclosan

Acyltransferases

Molecular Sequence Data

Polyketide Synthases

Carbon-Sulfur Ligases

Amino Acid Sequence

Fatty Acid Synthases

Drug Carriers

Reduced Folate Carrier Protein

Fatty Acids

Coenzyme A

Thiolester Hydrolases

Bacterial Proteins

Membrane Transport Proteins

Enoyl-(Acyl-Carrier Protein) Reductase (NADPH, B-Specific)

Heterozygote Detection

Kinetics

Ligases

Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases

Cloning, Molecular

Acylation

Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases

Substrate Specificity

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase

Peptide Synthases

Base Sequence

Cerulenin

Pantothenic Acid

Heterozygote

Malonyl Coenzyme A

Models, Molecular

Biotin

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

Malonates

Galactosides

Mutation

Escherichia coli Proteins

Streptomyces

Biological Transport

Protein Conformation

Vaccines, Conjugate

Apoproteins

Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes

Crystallography, X-Ray

Haptens

Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter

Recombinant Proteins

Protein Binding

Acetyl Coenzyme A

Coriandrum

Binding Sites

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Hemocyanin

Multienzyme Complexes

Mitochondria

Mitochondrial Proteins

Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters

Sterols

Oxidoreductases

Fatty Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Thioctic Acid

Plant Proteins

Genetic Complementation Test

Symporters

Phosphate-Binding Proteins

Mycolic Acids

Saccharopolyspora

Plants