Carotid stenosis. Medical search

Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)

The excision of the thickened, atheromatous tunica intima of a carotid artery.

Either of the two principal arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head and neck; each divides into two branches, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery.

Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.

Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the anterior part of the brain, the eye and its appendages, the forehead and nose.

The two principal arteries supplying the structures of the head and neck. They ascend in the neck, one on each side, and at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, each divides into two branches, the external (CAROTID ARTERY, EXTERNAL) and internal (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL) carotid arteries.

A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect combined with real-time imaging. The real-time image is created by rapid movement of the ultrasound beam. A powerful advantage of this technique is the ability to estimate the velocity of flow from the Doppler shift frequency.

Surgical excision, performed under general anesthesia, of the atheromatous tunica intima of an artery. When reconstruction of an artery is performed as an endovascular procedure through a catheter, it is called ATHERECTOMY.

Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)

The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.

Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.

Reconstruction or repair of a blood vessel, which includes the widening of a pathological narrowing of an artery or vein by the removal of atheromatous plaque material and/or the endothelial lining as well, or by dilatation (BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY) to compress an ATHEROMA. Except for ENDARTERECTOMY, usually these procedures are performed via catheterization as minimally invasive ENDOVASCULAR PROCEDURES.

Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.

A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)

A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.

A small cluster of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The carotid body, which is richly supplied with fenestrated capillaries, senses the pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations in the blood and plays a crucial role in their homeostatic control.

Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the exterior of the head, the face, and the greater part of the neck.

Narrowing of the spinal canal.

The dilated portion of the common carotid artery at its bifurcation into external and internal carotids. It contains baroreceptors which, when stimulated, cause slowing of the heart, vasodilatation, and a fall in blood pressure.

A non-invasive technique using ultrasound for the measurement of cerebrovascular hemodynamics, particularly cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral collateral flow. With a high-intensity, low-frequency pulse probe, the intracranial arteries may be studied transtemporally, transorbitally, or from below the foramen magnum.

Non-invasive method of vascular imaging and determination of internal anatomy without injection of contrast media or radiation exposure. The technique is used especially in CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY as well as for studies of other vascular structures.

A method of delineating blood vessels by subtracting a tissue background image from an image of tissue plus intravascular contrast material that attenuates the X-ray photons. The background image is determined from a digitized image taken a few moments before injection of the contrast material. The resulting angiogram is a high-contrast image of the vessel. This subtraction technique allows extraction of a high-intensity signal from the superimposed background information. The image is thus the result of the differential absorption of X-rays by different tissues.

Transient complete or partial monocular blindness due to retinal ischemia. This may be caused by emboli from the CAROTID ARTERY (usually in association with CAROTID STENOSIS) and other locations that enter the central RETINAL ARTERY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p245)

Radiography of the vascular system of the brain after injection of a contrast medium.

Use of a balloon catheter for dilation of an occluded artery. It is used in treatment of arterial occlusive diseases, including renal artery stenosis and arterial occlusions in the leg. For the specific technique of BALLOON DILATION in coronary arteries, ANGIOPLASTY, BALLOON, CORONARY is available.

Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. This may produce CAROTID STENOSIS or occlusion of the vessel, leading to TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; or AMAUROSIS FUGAX.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.

Narrowing of the pyloric canal with varied etiology. A common form is due to muscle hypertrophy (PYLORIC STENOSIS, HYPERTROPHIC) seen in infants.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

Blocking of a blood vessel in the SKULL by an EMBOLUS which can be a blood clot (THROMBUS) or other undissolved material in the blood stream. Most emboli are of cardiac origin and are associated with HEART DISEASES. Other non-cardiac sources of emboli are usually associated with VASCULAR DISEASES.

Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause.

The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections or echoes of ultrasonic pulses directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The pathologic narrowing of the orifice of the PULMONARY VALVE. This lesion restricts blood outflow from the RIGHT VENTRICLE to the PULMONARY ARTERY. When the trileaflet valve is fused into an imperforate membrane, the blockage is complete.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.

Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with the superposition of flow information as colors on a gray scale in a real-time image. This type of ultrasonography is well-suited to identifying the location of high-velocity flow (such as in a stenosis) or of mapping the extent of flow in a certain region.

Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.

Act of listening for sounds within the body.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with frequency-shifted ultrasound reflections produced by moving targets (usually red blood cells) in the bloodstream along the ultrasound axis in direct proportion to the velocity of movement of the targets, to determine both direction and velocity of blood flow. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.

Diseases that do not exhibit symptoms.

The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

Damages to the CAROTID ARTERIES caused either by blunt force or penetrating trauma, such as CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; THORACIC INJURIES; and NECK INJURIES. Damaged carotid arteries can lead to CAROTID ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; pseudoaneurysm formation; and INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION. (From Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1997, 18:251; J Trauma 1994, 37:473)

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

The innermost layer of an artery or vein, made up of one layer of endothelial cells and supported by an internal elastic lamina.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.

The middle layer of blood vessel walls, composed principally of thin, cylindrical, smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue. It accounts for the bulk of the wall of most arteries. The smooth muscle cells are arranged in circular layers around the vessel, and the thickness of the coat varies with the size of the vessel.

A measurement of the thickness of the carotid artery walls. It is measured by B-mode ULTRASONOGRAPHY and is used as a surrogate marker for ATHEROSCLEROSIS.

The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).

The failure by the observer to measure or identify a phenomenon accurately, which results in an error. Sources for this may be due to the observer's missing an abnormality, or to faulty technique resulting in incorrect test measurement, or to misinterpretation of the data. Two varieties are inter-observer variation (the amount observers vary from one another when reporting on the same material) and intra-observer variation (the amount one observer varies between observations when reporting more than once on the same material).

Sudden ISCHEMIA in the RETINA due to blocked blood flow through the CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY or its branches leading to sudden complete or partial loss of vision, respectively, in the eye.

Changes in the observed frequency of waves (as sound, light, or radio waves) due to the relative motion of source and observer. The effect was named for the 19th century Austrian physicist Johann Christian Doppler.

The largest of the cerebral arteries. It trifurcates into temporal, frontal, and parietal branches supplying blood to most of the parenchyma of these lobes in the CEREBRAL CORTEX. These are the areas involved in motor, sensory, and speech activities.

Dysfunction of one or more cranial nerves causally related to a traumatic injury. Penetrating and nonpenetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; NECK INJURIES; and trauma to the facial region are conditions associated with cranial nerve injuries.

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols.

Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.

Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).

Lesions formed within the walls of ARTERIES.

Embolism or thrombosis involving blood vessels which supply intracranial structures. Emboli may originate from extracranial or intracranial sources. Thrombosis may occur in arterial or venous structures.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

A pathological constriction occurring in the region below the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.

One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)

A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.

Summarizing techniques used to describe the pattern of mortality and survival in populations. These methods can be applied to the study not only of death, but also of any defined endpoint such as the onset of disease or the occurrence of disease complications.

A pathological constriction occurring in the region above the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

Localized or diffuse reduction in blood flow through the vertebrobasilar arterial system, which supplies the BRAIN STEM; CEREBELLUM; OCCIPITAL LOBE; medial TEMPORAL LOBE; and THALAMUS. Characteristic clinical features include SYNCOPE; lightheadedness; visual disturbances; and VERTIGO. BRAIN STEM INFARCTIONS or other BRAIN INFARCTION may be associated.

Radiography of the vascular system of the heart muscle after injection of a contrast medium.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

Maintenance of blood flow to an organ despite obstruction of a principal vessel. Blood flow is maintained through small vessels.

The splitting of the vessel wall in one or both (left and right) internal carotid arteries (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL). Interstitial hemorrhage into the media of the vessel wall can lead to occlusion of the internal carotid artery and aneurysm formation.

Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.

Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.

The degree to which BLOOD VESSELS are not blocked or obstructed.

Benign paraganglioma at the bifurcation of the COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES. It can encroach on the parapharyngeal space and produce dysphagia, pain, and cranial nerve palsies.

Surgical therapy of ischemic coronary artery disease achieved by grafting a section of saphenous vein, internal mammary artery, or other substitute between the aorta and the obstructed coronary artery distal to the obstructive lesion.

Device constructed of either synthetic or biological material that is used for the repair of injured or diseased blood vessels.

Vascular filters or occlusive devices that provide mechanical protection of the distal end organ from blood clots or EMBOLISM-causing debri dislodged during ENDOVASCULAR PROCEDURES.

An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

Developmental or acquired stricture or narrowing of the LARYNX. Symptoms of respiratory difficulty depend on the degree of laryngeal narrowing.

The valve between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta which prevents backflow into the left ventricle.

Subspecialty of radiology that combines organ system radiography, catheter techniques and sectional imaging.

Period of contraction of the HEART, especially of the HEART VENTRICLES.

Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.

INFLAMMATION of any ARTERIES.

The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.

The pathologic narrowing of the orifice of the TRICUSPID VALVE. This hinders the emptying of RIGHT ATRIUM leading to elevated right atrial pressure and systemic venous congestion. Tricuspid valve stenosis is almost always due to RHEUMATIC FEVER.

A repeat operation for the same condition in the same patient due to disease progression or recurrence, or as followup to failed previous surgery.

Operative procedures for the treatment of vascular disorders.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Artery originating from the internal carotid artery and distributing to the eye, orbit and adjacent facial structures.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM.

A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.

A type of constriction that is caused by the presence of a fibrous ring (discrete type) below the AORTIC VALVE, anywhere between the aortic valve and the MITRAL VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the disease for which the surgery is done, or within the same surgical procedure.

Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.

Narrowing of the pyloric canal due to HYPERTROPHY of the surrounding circular muscle. It is usually seen in infants or young children.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.

Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

Care given during the period prior to undergoing surgery when psychological and physical preparations are made according to the special needs of the individual patient. This period spans the time between admission to the hospital to the time the surgery begins. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

The period following a surgical operation.

Iron (II,III) oxide (Fe3O4). It is a black ore of IRON that forms opaque crystals and exerts strong magnetism.

Rhythmic, intermittent propagation of a fluid through a BLOOD VESSEL or piping system, in contrast to constant, smooth propagation, which produces laminar flow.

Surgical insertion of synthetic material to repair injured or diseased heart valves.

A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.

The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5)

NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).

Surgical insertion of BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESES to repair injured or diseased blood vessels.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.

Drugs or agents which antagonize or impair any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.

The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.

A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

A subfield of acoustics dealing in the radio frequency range higher than acoustic SOUND waves (approximately above 20 kilohertz). Ultrasonic radiation is used therapeutically (DIATHERMY and ULTRASONIC THERAPY) to generate HEAT and to selectively destroy tissues. It is also used in diagnostics, for example, ULTRASONOGRAPHY; ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; and ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, to visually display echoes received from irradiated tissues.

Procedures in which placement of CARDIAC CATHETERS is performed for therapeutic or diagnostic procedures.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

The veins and arteries of the HEART.

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic.

Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.

Cells specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptor cells may monitor external stimuli, as in TASTE and OLFACTION, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE in the blood.

The circulation of blood through the CORONARY VESSELS of the HEART.

Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.

The dimension of the physical universe which, at a given place, orders the sequence of events. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.

Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.

A method in which either the observer(s) or the subject(s) is kept ignorant of the group to which the subjects are assigned.

A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.

The first branch of the SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY with distribution to muscles of the NECK; VERTEBRAE; SPINAL CORD; CEREBELLUM; and interior of the CEREBRUM.

Compounds that inhibit HMG-CoA reductases. They have been shown to directly lower cholesterol synthesis.

The ratio of maximum blood flow to the MYOCARDIUM with CORONARY STENOSIS present, to the maximum equivalent blood flow without stenosis. The measurement is commonly used to verify borderline stenosis of CORONARY ARTERIES.

Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.

A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)

7-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.

Improvement of the quality of a picture by various techniques, including computer processing, digital filtering, echocardiographic techniques, light and ultrastructural MICROSCOPY, fluorescence spectrometry and microscopy, scintigraphy, and in vitro image processing at the molecular level.

Surgical shunt allowing direct passage of blood from an artery to a vein. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Pathological conditions involving ARTERIES in the skull, such as arteries supplying the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, the BRAIN STEM, and associated structures. They include atherosclerotic, congenital, traumatic, infectious, inflammatory, and other pathological processes.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

A device that substitutes for a heart valve. It may be composed of biological material (BIOPROSTHESIS) and/or synthetic material.

The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery.

The neural systems which act on VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE to control blood vessel diameter. The major neural control is through the sympathetic nervous system.

Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.

Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.

A branch of the abdominal aorta which supplies the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters.

Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Receptors in the vascular system, particularly the aorta and carotid sinus, which are sensitive to stretch of the vessel walls.

Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.

Harmful effects of non-experimental exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation in VERTEBRATES.

Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.

A polygonal anastomosis at the base of the brain formed by the internal carotid (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL), proximal parts of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries (ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), the anterior communicating artery and the posterior communicating arteries.

Veins in the neck which drain the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins.

Studies on structural changes of the carotid arteries and the heart in asymptomatic renal transplant recipients. (1/2863)

BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to characterize early structural changes of large arteries in renal transplant recipients with no clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease and normal blood pressure values, and to analyse the relationship between arterial alterations and those of the heart. METHODS: Intima media thickness and atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid arteries as well as left ventricular geometry and function were examined in 35 asymtomatic renal transplant recipients and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls by high resolution B-mode ultrasound and by echocardiography. RESULTS: Intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries was significantly higher in renal transplant recipients (1.21+/-0.08 mm) than in healthy controls (0.74+/-0.04 mm) (P<0.001). Atherosclerotic plaques were found in the majority of renal transplant recipients (71% vs 14% in healthy controls, P<0.001). Left ventricular mass index was significantly increased in the group of renal transplant recipients (264+/-13 g, 146+/-7 g/m2) when compared with healthy controls (155+/-8 g, 83+/-4 g/m2) (P<0.001). Multiple regression analysis in renal transplant recipients showed that intima media thickness of the carotid arteries was significantly related to left ventricular mass index (P<0.02), but not to age, blood pressure, body mass index, serum creatinine, cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) levels. In the group of healthy controls, intima-media thickness of the carotid artery was related to age (P<0.002), but not to left ventricular mass index or the other independent variables. CONCLUSIONS: The present study documents pronounced intima-media thickening in asymptomatic renal transplant recipients. Atherosclerotic lesions are present in most renal transplant recipients with no clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease. We observed a parallelism between arterial wall thickening and left ventricular hypertrophy, although blood pressure levels were normal during haemodialysis therapy and after renal transplantation. (+info)

Combined carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass graft. (2/2863)

Atherosclerosis is a generalized disease which afflicts a considerable number of patients in both the carotid and coronary arteries. Although the risk of stroke or death use to combined carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is thought to be higher than that of each individual operation, the combined procedure is generally preferred over staged operations to treat such patients. We performed the combined procedure safely with the aid of intraoperative portable digital subtraction angiography (DSA). This report describes our experience with the operative strategy of simultaneous CEA and CABG. Ninety CEA and 404 CABG were carried out between January 1989 and December 1997. A total of six patients received the combined procedure with the aid of intraoperative DSA; they were studied retrospectively. Postoperative mortality and morbidity after the combined procedure was 0%. In the combined procedure, neurological complications are difficult to detect after CEA because the patient must be maintained under general anesthesia and extracorporeal circulation during the subsequent CABG. However, intraoperative DSA can confirm patency of the internal carotid artery and absence of flap formation after CEA, and the CABG can be performed safely. Intraoperative portable DSA between CEA and CABG is helpful in preventing perioperative stroke in the combined procedure. (+info)

Brain-specific protein C activation during carotid artery occlusion in humans. (3/2863)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Activation of plasma protein C (PC) zymogen by thrombin-thrombomodulin at the endothelial surface is an important endogenous antithrombotic mechanism. It is unknown whether activated protein C (APC) is generated in vivo in the cerebrovasculature, because there is only limited thrombomodulin expression in human brain vascular endothelium. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that carotid occlusion produces brain-specific PC activation. METHODS: Blood samples were simultaneously collected from the ipsilateral internal jugular vein and radial artery before and during carotid cross-clamping and on "de-occlusion" in 8 awake patients undergoing routine carotid endarterectomy. Plasma PC zymogen and circulating APC levels were measured using enzyme immunocapture assay and expressed as percent of pooled plasma controls. RESULTS: Internal jugular vein APC levels increased 28% exclusively during carotid occlusion and then decreased 32% with de-occlusion (F=8.1, P<0.005). PC zymogen increased only 5.9% with occlusion (F=6.3, P<0.02), consistent with hemoconcentration. There were no changes in radial artery PC or APC levels. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate brain-specific protein C activation in humans during carotid occlusion and suggest a protective role for endogenous APC generation during cerebrovascular occlusion. (+info)

Outcome of carotid artery occlusion is predicted by cerebrovascular reactivity. (4/2863)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of obtaining prognostic indications in patients with internal carotid occlusion on the basis of intracranial hemodynamic status, presence of previous symptoms of cerebrovascular failure, and baseline characteristics. METHODS: Cerebral hemodynamics were studied with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Cerebrovascular reactivity to apnea was calculated by means of the breath-holding index (BHI) in the middle cerebral arteries. Sixty-five patients with internal carotid artery occlusion were followed-up prospectively (median, 24 months), 23 patients were asymptomatic and 42 symptomatic (20 with transient ischemic attack and 22 with stroke). RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 11 symptomatic patients and 1 asymptomatic patient had another ischemic event ipsilateral to carotid occlusion. Among factors considered, only lower BHI values in the middle cerebral arteries ipsilateral to carotid occlusion and older age were significantly associated with the risk of developing symptoms (P=0.002 and P=0.003, respectively; Cox regression multivariate analysis). Based on our data, a cut point of the BHI value for distinguishing between pathological and normal cerebrovascular reactivity was determined to be 0.69. All patients except one, who developed TIA or stroke during the follow-up period, had BHI values ipsilateral to carotid occlusion of <0.69. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that impaired cerebrovascular reactivity is predictive for cerebral ischemic events in patients with carotid occlusion. (+info)

Prevention of neointimal formation by a serine protease inhibitor, FUT-175, after carotid balloon injury in rats. (5/2863)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In vivo and vitro studies revealed the activation of thrombin and the complement system in vascular lesion formation during the process of atherosclerosis, along with pathological proliferation of smooth muscle cells. We examined the effect of the synthetic serine protease inhibitor FUT-175 (developed as a potent inhibitor of thrombin and the complement system) on vascular lesions using balloon dilatation-induced neointimal formation in the carotid artery of rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats underwent balloon dilatation injury of the left carotid artery to induce neointimal formation. Three groups of these rats (n=8, each) were treated with daily intraperitoneal injections of 1 of the following doses of FUT-175: 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/d in 1 mL of saline for 7 consecutive days. The control group (n=8) was similarly treated with 1 mL of saline for 7 days. The injections were started immediately after balloon injury. Two weeks after the injury, the left carotid arteries were perfusion-fixed, and the areas of the neointimal and medial layer were analyzed under a microscope. RESULTS: A morphometric analysis revealed that there were significant differences in the intima-media ratio between the 4 groups treated with vehicle (saline) or a low, medium, or high dose of FUT-175 (1.45+/-0.11, 1.08+/-0.06, 0.71+/-0.04, or 0.32+/-0.04, respectively). This suppression was achieved in a dose-dependent manner by the administration of FUT-175 after balloon injury. In the histological study, it was demonstrated that FUT-175 suppresses the production of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB in the neointima and the medial smooth muscle cell layer. CONCLUSIONS: After balloon injury activated proteases that were inhibited by FUT-175 were demonstrated to have an essential role in the development of the pathological thickening of the arterial wall. (+info)

Prostacyclin synthase gene transfer accelerates reendothelialization and inhibits neointimal formation in rat carotid arteries after balloon injury. (6/2863)

Prostacyclin (PGI2), a metabolite of arachidonic acid, has the vasoprotective effects of vasodilation, anti-platelet aggregation, and inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation. We hypothesized that an overexpression of endogenous PGI2 may accelerate the recovery from endothelial damage and inhibit neointimal formation in the injured artery. To test this hypothesis, we investigated in vivo transfer of the PGI2 synthase (PCS) gene into balloon-injured rat carotid arteries by a nonviral lipotransfection method. Seven days after transfection, a significant regeneration of endothelium was observed in the arteries transfected with a plasmid carrying the rat PCS gene (pCMV-PCS), but little regeneration was seen in those with the control plasmid carrying the lacZ gene (pCMV-lacZ) (percent luminal circumference lined by newly regenerated endothelium: 87. 1+/-6.9% in pCMV-PCS-transfected vessels and 6.9+/-0.2% in pCMV-lacZ vessels, P<0.001). BrdU staining of arterial segments demonstrated a significantly lower incorporation in pCMV-PCS-transfected vessels (7. 5+/-0.3% positive nuclei in vessel cells) than in pCMV-lacZ (50. 7+/-9.6%, P<0.01). Moreover, 2 weeks after transfection, the PCS gene transfer resulted in a significant inhibition of neointimal formation (88% reduction in ratio of intima/media areas), whereas medial area was similar among the groups. Arterial segments transfected with pCMV-PCS produced significantly higher levels of 6-keto-PGF1alpha, the main metabolite of PGI2, compared with the segments transfected with pCMV-lacZ (10.2+/-0.55 and 2.1+/-0.32 ng/mg tissue for pCMV-PCS and pCMV-placZ, P<0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that an in vivo PCS gene transfer increased the production of PGI2 and markedly inhibited neointimal formation with accelerated reendothelialization in rat carotid arteries after balloon injury. (+info)

Continuous perivascular L-arginine delivery increases total vessel area and reduces neointimal thickening after experimental balloon dilatation. (7/2863)

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether vascular remodeling and neointimal thickening occur after balloon dilatation of the nonatherosclerotic rabbit carotid artery, and whether both processes are influenced by continuous perivascular delivery of L-arginine or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). In the first experiment, histological and morphometric evaluation of arteries was performed at different time points after balloon dilatation: 10 minutes (n=7), and 1 (n=7), 2 (n=9), 3 (n=20), or 10 (n=5) weeks. Neointimal thickening progressively contributed to luminal narrowing for at least 10 weeks after angioplasty. During the first 2 weeks after dilatation, a significant decrease of the total vessel area was measured. Ten weeks after dilatation, both the neointimal and total vessel area were increased without further changing of the luminal area. In the second experiment, endothelial injured rabbits were randomly assigned to receive 2 weeks of continuous local perivascular physiological salt solution (n=6), L-arginine (n=8), or L-NAME (n=7), starting immediately after balloon dilatation (ie, local drug delivery during the first phase of the biphasic vascular remodeling process). Perivascular L-arginine delivery significantly reduced the neointimal area, despite an increased number of neointimal Ki-67-positive smooth muscle cells. Both the luminal area and total vessel area were significantly increased. Serum L-arginine levels remained unchanged. L-NAME administration had no effect on the neointimal area, nor on the luminal and total vessel area. Neointimal formation and biphasic vascular remodeling occur after experimental balloon dilatation of the nonatherosclerotic rabbit carotid artery, and can be influenced by continuous local perivascular delivery of L-arginine. (+info)

Lumen reduction measurements of the internal carotid artery before and after Levovist enhancement: reproducibility and agreement with angiography. (8/2863)

Our aim was to assess reproducibility of three different lumen reduction measuring methods--North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial, European Carotid Surgery Trial, and common carotid--using power Doppler and color Doppler sonography before and after Levovist enhancement. We included 20 symptomatic patients with mild or severe carotid disease. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial, European Carotid Surgery Trial, and common carotid measurements on longitudinal views and European Carotid Surgery Trial measurements on transverse views were performed. Examinations were repeated and the results compared to assess reproducibility of measurements. Correlation with angiography was obtained by calculating Pearson correlation coefficients. Reproducibility was significantly better (P < 0.05) for European Carotid Surgery Trial and common carotid measurements (95% limits of agreement between -10% to 10% and -19% to 17%) as compared to North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial measurements (95% limits of agreement between -11% to 21% and -21% to 23%). Variability of measurements after enhancement increased slightly (not significant) for both power and color Doppler sonography. Additionally, European Carotid Surgery Trial measurements, using nonenhanced power Doppler or color Doppler sonography, did not correlate significantly with angiography, whereas North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial and common carotid measurements correlated well with angiography, particularly in power Doppler mode after enhancement (r = 0.88 and r = 0.82, respectively). We conclude that for lumen reduction measurements of the internal carotid artery with power and color Doppler sonography, the common carotid method is the only method that is reproducible and has good correlation with angiography, which slightly improves after Levovist enhancement. (+info)

... the degree of carotid stenosis is defined as:[citation needed] percent stenosis = ( 1 − ( minimum diameter within stenosis ... The carotid artery divides into the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery. The internal carotid artery ... Carotid artery stenosis is a narrowing or constriction of any part of the carotid arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis. ... Plaque can also build up at the origin of the carotid artery at the aorta.[citation needed] Carotid arteries Section of carotid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid_artery_stenosis

Carotid artery stenosis which predispose to (strokes and transient ischaemic episodes) Renal artery stenosis The types of ... cervical or thoracic spinal stenosis Subglottic stenosis (SGS) Tracheal stenosis Obstructive jaundice (biliary tract stenosis) ... "Carotid Artery Stenosis". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. 15 March 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021. "Tracheal Stenosis Audio ... Pulmonary valve stenosis, which is the thickening of the pulmonary valve, therefore causing narrowing Mitral valve stenosis, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenosis

... is used to reduce the risk of strokes caused by carotid artery stenosis over time. Carotid stenosis can ... Carotid endarterectomy is a surgical procedure used to reduce the risk of stroke from carotid artery stenosis (narrowing the ... "Carotid Stenting Versus Endarterectomy for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Stroke ... "Carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (9): CD001081. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid_endarterectomy

... is used to reduce the risk of stroke associated with carotid artery stenosis. Carotid stenosis can have no ... Carotid stenting involves the placement of a stent across the stenosis in the carotid artery. It can be performed under general ... Angioplasty and carotid stenting in patients with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic stenosis should not be performed except ... Derdeyn Colin P. (2007-02-01). "Carotid Stenting for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis". Stroke. 38 (2): 715-720. doi:10.1161/01. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid_stenting

Ferri M, Faggioli GL, Ferri GG, Pirodda A (June 2004). "Is carotid stenosis correlated with tympanosclerosis". International ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tympanosclerosis

Carotid stenosis may occur in patients with atherosclerosis. The intima-media thickness of the carotid artery wall is a marker ... carotid artery Right and left common carotid arteries Head and neck anatomy Carotid sheath Carotid sinus Carotid body Carotid ... The common carotid artery is contained in a sheath known as the carotid sheath, which is derived from the deep cervical fascia ... Behind the angle of bifurcation of the common carotid artery is a reddish-brown oval body known as the carotid body. It is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_carotid_artery

Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) screening through skin thermal maps. Active Dynamic Thermography (ADT) for medical applications. ... Saxena, A; Ng, EYK; Lim, ST (May 2020). "Active dynamic thermography to detect the presence of stenosis in the carotid artery ... thermography as a potential screening modality for carotid artery stenosis". Computers in Biology and Medicine. 113: 103419. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermography

Carotid artery stenosis is a major risk factor for stroke, and risk assessment of atherosclerotic carotid plaques is a critical ... When diagnosing carotid artery stenosis, carotid ultrasound has a lower sensitivity than MRA but is more sensitive than CTA. ... Carotid ultrasound is used to diagnose carotid artery stenosis (CAS) and can assess atherosclerotic plaque morphology and ... Therefore, doppler imaging substantially aids in the diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis by ultrasound. Internal carotid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid_ultrasonography

... where carotid ultrasound is commonly used for assessing blood flow and potential or suspected stenosis in the carotid arteries ... ISBN 978-2-225-63679-0. Saxena, A; Ng, EYK; Lim, ST (28 May 2019). "Imaging modalities to diagnose carotid artery stenosis: ... They are useful in the diagnosis of emboli, stenosis, vasospasm from a subarachnoid hemorrhage (bleeding from a ruptured ... such as stenosis or insufficiency, strength of cardiac muscle contraction, and hypertrophy or dilatation of the main chambers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_ultrasound

"Randomized Trial of Stent versus Surgery for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis". New England Journal of Medicine. 374 (11): 1011- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_D._Anker

Disrecommend for asymptomatic carotid stenosis unless the complication rate is low (. ... Don't perform imaging of the carotid arteries for simple syncope without other neurologic symptoms. Don't use opioid or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Neurology

"Antioxidant effects of tocotrienols in patients with hyperlipidemia and carotid stenosis". Lipids. 30 (12): 1179-83. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocotrienol

Almog, DM; Illig, KA; Khin, M; Green, RM (2000). "Unrecognized carotid artery stenosis discovered by calcifications on a ... Carotid artery calcifications on panoramic radiographs identify patients at risk for stroke". The New York State Dental Journal ... Friedlander, AH; Yueh, R; Littner, MR (1998). "The prevalence of calcified carotid artery atheromas in patients with ... Friedlander, AH; Friedlander, IK; Yueh, R; Littner, MR (1999). "The prevalence of carotid atheromas seen on panoramic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramic_radiograph

He was the organiser and coordinator of the multicentre Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis and Risk of Stroke (ACSRS) prospective ... Nicolaides, A: "The Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis and Risk of Stroke (ACSRS) study. Aims and results of quality control.", ... results from the asymptomatic carotid stenosis and risk of stroke study.", Vascular, Vol. 13, Issue 4, Pages 211-21. ... "Carotid plaque characterization using digital image processing and its potential in future studies of carotid endarterectomy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Nicolaides

It may occur as the result of carotid artery stenosis (though some disagree); however, most carotid bruits, particularly those ... Likewise, a stenosis of greater than 90% may not be heard, as the flow may be too low.[citation needed] Many carotid bruits are ... The presence of a carotid bruit alone does not necessarily indicate the presence of stenosis, and the physical examination ... A carotid bruit is a vascular murmur sound (bruit) heard over the carotid artery area on auscultation during systole. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid_bruit

"Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high grade carotid stenosis". N Engl J Med. 325 (7): ... "Benefit of carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic moderate or severe stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid ... ISBN 0-316-76595-3. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators; Barnett HJM; Taylor, D. W.; Haynes, ... carotid endarterectomy) prevented both stroke and death, and the ability of nurse practitioners to provide effective, high- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sackett

... that with intensive medical therapy most patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis cannot benefit from endarterectomy or ... "Effects of intensive medical therapy on microemboli and cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic carotid stenosis". Archives of ... "Effects of intensive medical therapy on microemboli and cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic carotid stenosis". Archives of ... "Absence of microemboli on transcranial Doppler identifies low-risk patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis". Stroke. 36 (11 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_David_Spence

Stenosis, for example, of the carotid arteries may be a warning sign for an impending stroke. A clot, embedded deep in one of ... images of carotid, cerebral, coronary or other arteries. The introduction of computed tomography in the early 1970s ... renal artery stenosis, inferior vena cava filter placement, gastrostomy tube placements, biliary stents and hepatic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiology

The most frequent etiology of mixed transcortical aphasia is stenosis (narrowing) of the internal carotid artery. Mixed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_transcortical_aphasia

2003). "Marburg I polymorphism of factor VII--activating protease: a prominent risk predictor of carotid stenosis". Circulation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HABP2

... including carotid artery stenosis, pulmonary embolisms, and acute limb ischaemia; arterial stenosis, which is particularly ... and digital subtraction angiography in severe carotid stenoses" (PDF). European Journal of Neurology. 11: 774-5. doi:10.1111/j. ... It also helps detect and diagnose lesions in the carotid arteries, a potential cause of strokes. IV-DSA has also been useful in ... However, IV-DSA has been used successfully to study the vessels of the brain and heart and has helped detect carotid artery ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_subtraction_angiography

Severe ipsilateral or bilateral carotid artery stenosis or occlusion is the most common cause of ocular ischemic syndrome. The ... internal carotid artery, and less frequently the external carotid artery. Other causes include: Takayasu's arteritis Giant cell ... Those caused by a carotid artery embolism or occlusion have the potential for further stroke by detachment of embolus and ... The retinal arteries may show spontaneous pulsations.[citation needed] If carotid occlusive disease results in ophthalmic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_ischemic_syndrome

Unilateral AS can be associated with contralateral carotid artery stenosis or decreased intraocular pressure in the affected ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcus_senilis

"Survival from accidental strangulation from a scarf resulting in laryngeal rupture and carotid artery stenosis: the "Isadora ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isadora_Duncan

... and goals for the Carotid Revascularization and Medical Management for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis trial". Seminars in ... "Carotid Stenting Versus Carotid Endarterectomy: What Did the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial ... Retrieved 2022-01-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) Medscape (2014-04-30). "Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis Linked to ... His research on carotid artery disease contributed to the introduction of minimally invasive carotid artery stenting as an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brajesh_Lal

Carotid artery stenosis is a narrowing of the carotid artery in the neck and which supplies blood to the brain. Peripheral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artery_disease

Carotid artery stenosis can be treated with angioplasty and carotid stenting for patients at high risk for undergoing carotid ... "Revascularization of Radiation-Induced Carotid Artery Stenosis With Carotid Endarterectomy vs. Carotid Artery Stenting: A ... Also, PTCA is not recommended if there is less than 70% stenosis of the coronary arteries, as the stenosis it is not deemed to ... stenting is indicated in select patients with radiation-induced stenosis or a carotid lesion not suitable for surgery. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angioplasty

Carotid ultrasonography is often used to screen for carotid artery stenosis, as it is more readily available, is noninvasive, ... Confirming a diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis is important because the treatment for this condition, carotid endarterectomy ... Also, carotid stenosis secondary to atherosclerosis narrowing the diameter of the lumen and thus limiting blood flow is another ... Individuals with carotid stenosis may present with TIA symptoms, thus labeled symptomatic, while others may not experience ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_ischemic_attack

... carotid stenosis, strokes, and spinal malformations, and vasospasms. Techniques such as angioplasty, stenting, clot retrieval, ... Microvascular techniques are used in EC-IC bypass surgery and in restoration carotid endarterectomy. The clipping of an ... Some of these divisions of neurosurgery are: Vascular neurosurgery includes clipping of aneurysms and performing carotid ... nervous system infections including abscesses Spinal disc herniation Cervical spinal stenosis and Lumbar spinal stenosis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosurgery

The authors also found that men with carotid stenosis or ischemic heart disease were at greater risk for the progression of ... 2000) the authors examined the relationship between standing at work and the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in men. ... This study provides evidence that hemodynamic changes from standing can influence the progressions of carotid atherosclerosis. ... Krause, N (2000). "Standing at work and progression of carotid atherosclerosis". Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complications_of_prolonged_standing

433.0 Occlusion and stenosis of basilar artery 433.1 Occlusion and stenosis of carotid artery 433.2 Occlusion and stenosis of ... 440 Atherosclerosis 440.1 Stenosis of renal artery 440.2 Peripheral Arterial Disease 440.21 Peripheral Arterial Disease with ... 392 Rheumatic chorea 393 Chronic rheumatic pericarditis 394 Diseases of mitral valve 394.0 Mitral stenosis 394.1 Rheumatic ... Mitral stenosis with insufficiency 394.9 Other and unspecified 395 Diseases of aortic valve 395.0 Rheumatic aortic stenosis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes_390–459:_diseases_of_the_circulatory_system

RAMP:p. 31 Recent MI Aortic stenosis MI in the last 7 days Pulmonary hypertension FROM JANE: Fever Roth's spots Osler's nodes ... 1 Aortic arch gives rise to: Brachiocephalic trunk Left Common Carotid Left Subclavian Toilet Paper My Ass, or They Pay Me ... Aortic Stenosis=Systolic. PAID: Pulmonic & Aortic Insufficiency=Diastolic.p. 32 CARDIAC RIND:p. 34 Collagen vascular disease ... 31 Depressed ventricular function Unstable angina Stenosis of the left main stem Triple vessel disease WiLLiaM MaRRoW:p. 31 W ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cardiology_mnemonics

In particular, he worked on the criteria of arterial stenosis of limbs and carotids, Carotid pre-thrombosis, the Pressure- ... In 1978, he published the first observations of carotid plaque regression. In 1980 he described the Fistula Flow Ratio (French ... This data remains the undisputed reference for the stenosis quantification and a quality diagnostic. ... Perfusion Index (Franceschi Index), the Carotid Ratio and the exploration of the Circle of Willis. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Franceschi

... disorder Congenital skin disorder Congenital spherocytic anemia Congenital spherocytic hemolytic anemia Congenital stenosis of ... Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency Carnosinase deficiency Carnosinemia Caroli disease Carotenemia Carotid artery ... neuropathy Cervical hypertrichosis peripheral neuropathy Cervical ribs sprengel anomaly polydactyly Cervical spinal stenosis ... Congenital mesoblastic nephroma Congenital microvillous atrophy Congenital mitral malformation Congenital mitral stenosis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(C)

... or occlusion or stenosis of the external carotid artery. The term is derived by analogy from claudication of the leg, where ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaw_claudication

Because artery walls typically enlarge in response to enlarging plaques, these plaques do not usually produce much stenosis of ... such as the carotid or femoral arteries. While stability vs. vulnerability cannot be readily distinguished in this way, ... The clot organizes and contracts over time, leaving behind narrowing(s) called stenoses. These narrowing(s) are responsible for ... In addition, because these lesions do not produce significant stenoses, they are typically not considered "critical" and/or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulnerable_plaque

Because the brain has a pair of carotid and vertebral arteries on each side of the neck, a unilateral occlusion can be ... stenosis) or occlude the artery, decreasing or completely blocking blood flow through the artery. A complete occlusion of the ... Jasmin L. "Carotid Dissection". Cedars-Sinai. Archived from the original on 2019-09-02. Retrieved 2021-11-03. "Vertebral Artery ... "Cervical (Carotid or Vertebral) Artery Dissection". Cleveland Clinic. 2019-05-24. Archived from the original on 2019-11-29. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_artery_dissection

While CTA can produce high quality images of the carotid arteries for grading the level of stenosis (narrowing of the vessel), ... Stenosis (narrowing) of a renal artery is a cause of hypertension (high blood pressure) in some patients and can be corrected. ... and stenosis (narrowing of vessel). CTA can be used to visualize the vessels of the heart, the aorta and other large blood ... calcium deposits (calcified plaques) in the area where the vessels split can lead to interference with accurate stenosis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computed_tomography_angiography

The left and right internal carotid arteries arise from the left and right common carotid arteries. The posterior communicating ... Subclavian steal syndrome results from a proximal stenosis (narrowing) of the subclavian artery, one of arteries originating ... In another variation the anterior communicating artery is a large vessel, such that a single internal carotid supplies both ... Klingelhöfer, J; Conrad, B; Benecke, R; Frank, B (August 1988). "Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography of carotid-basilar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_of_Willis

... luminal stenosis in arteries supplying the area of ischaemia No other specific cause of stroke identified (e.g., arteritis, ... Complicated plaques with signs indicative of intra-plaque haemorrhage in an ipsilateral carotid artery are detected in 1 in 4 ... defined as a non-lacunar brain infarct without proximal arterial stenosis or cardioembolic sources. As such, it forms a subset ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embolic_stroke_of_undetermined_source

... this is not always an accurate way to differentiate the JVP from the carotid pulse. The carotid artery only has one beat in the ... Tricuspid stenosis Right heart failure Pulmonary hypertension Cannon 'a' wave (atria contracting against closed tricuspid valve ... The JVP and carotid pulse can be differentiated several ways:[citation needed] multiphasic - the JVP "beats" twice (in quick ... If one feels a pulse in the neck, it is generally the common carotid artery. occludable - the JVP can be stopped by occluding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugular_venous_pressure

... of intra-cranial stenting in symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis, the rate of technical success (reduction to stenosis ... Flint AC, Duckwiler GR, Budzik RF, Liebeskind DS, Smith WS (2007). "Mechanical thrombectomy of intracranial internal carotid ... Derdeyn CP, Chimowitz MI (August 2007). "Angioplasty and Stenting for Atherosclerotic Intracranial Stenosis: Rationale for a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_infarction

These include: Oxygen supplementation Reduces carotid body drive and slows respiration at a given level of exercise. Treatment ... Severe aortic stenosis Unstable ischemia Unstable arrythmia Irregular or resting pulse greater than 100 bpm Resting systolic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise_intolerance

Where stenosis is severe, abrupt changes in blood pressure can temporarily result in inadequate flow through the stenosis, ... Alternatively, carotid sinus hypersensitivity can cause episodes of dizziness and collapse on head turning if the neck brushes ... known as stenosis. The most common cause of arterial stenosis is atherosclerosis, however other pathologies such as ... Both can over-estimate stenosis. It is also important to remember that atherosclerosis is a common finding, and its presence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrobasilar_insufficiency

SLC22A5 Carotid intimal medial thickness 1; 609338; PPARG Carpal tunnel syndrome, familial; 115430; TTR Carpenter syndrome; ... with pyloric stenosis; 226730; ITGA6 Epidermolysis bullosa, lethal acantholytic; 609638; DSP Epidermolysis bullosa, pretibial; ... MAPT Supravalvar aortic stenosis; 185500; ELN Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 1; 265120; SFTPB Surfactant ... ARX Hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis; 307000; L1CAM Hydrocephalus with congenital idiopathic intestinal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

Aortic stenosis and mitral stenosis are the most common examples. Major valves of the heart become stiffened and reduce the ... Neurally mediated syncope may also occur when an area in the neck known as the carotid sinus is pressed. The third type of ... Aortic stenosis presents with repeated episodes of syncope. Rarely, cardiac tumors such as atrial myxomas can also lead to ... This is sensed by stretch receptors in the walls of vessels in the carotid sinus and aortic arch. These receptors then trigger ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncope_(medicine)

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) may be associated with a localized abdominal bruit to the left or right of the midline (unilateral ... Wallbach M, Koziolek MJ (September 2018). "Baroreceptors in the carotid and hypertension-systematic review and meta-analysis of ... renal artery stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, and primary aldosteronism. As many as one in five people with resistant ... renal artery stenosis (from atherosclerosis or fibromuscular dysplasia), hyperparathyroidism, and pheochromocytoma. Other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension

Evaluation of carotid pulse curves in congenital aortic stenosis) Thesis: Splenic transplantation in rats NIH grants #AI 16106 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinrich_Bitter-Suermann

... carotid carotid bifurcation carotid body carotid canal carotid groove carotid plexus carotid sheath carotid sinus carotid ... tendineus anus aorta aortic body aponeurosis apophysis appendage appendicular skeleton appendix aprosody aqueductal stenosis ... nucleus lateral vestibulospinal tract latissimus dorsi Laurer's canal left atrium left colic artery left common carotid artery ... eminence collateral fissure collateral trigone colliculus collum colon columns of the fornix commissure common carotid artery ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_anatomy_articles

One example in the treatment of thoracic aortic disease is revascularization of the left common carotid artery and/or the left ... graft limb stenosis/kinking, type I/III/IV endoleaks, stent graft thrombosis, or infection. An endoleak is a leak into the ... subclavian artery from the innominate artery or the right common carotid artery to allow treatment of a thoracic aortic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endovascular_aneurysm_repair

... carotid stenosis, aortic aneurysms and endovascular therapy. In 2007, Zarins together with biomedical engineer Charles Anthony ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Zarins

Carotid atherosclerosis involves the major branch arteries that provide blood to the brain. Carotid artery disease incurs an ... particularly due to disc herniation or central/foraminal stenosis. Usually performed under fluoroscopic guidance. A spinal ... Carotid artery disease can be typically addressed with open surgical techniques (carotid endarterectomy) or though endovascular ... Carotid artery dissection, for example, places patients at increased risk for stroke and may extend further into the blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interventional_radiology

The first part of the left subclavian artery arises from the aortic arch, behind the left common carotid artery, and at the ... Subclavian steal syndrome occurs when there is occlusion or stenosis of the subclavian artery at a point before the branching ... Since the left subclavian is then a tributary of the left common carotid, they can be thought of as arising from the ... The left subclavian is occasionally joined at its origin with the left common carotid artery, forming a left brachiocephalic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subclavian_artery

Another finding displayed the prevalence of PAD, carotid artery stenosis (CAS) and AAA was higher not only with overall ... Common diseases that may be detected by such screenings include Carotid artery stenosis, osteoporosis, atrial fibrillation, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_Line_Screening

Stroke (mainly the ischemic type) Carotid artery stenosis does not occur more often in diabetes, and there appears to be a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complications_of_diabetes

This separates the carotid artery from the vertebral artery and the carotid artery can be massaged against this tubercle to ... Cervical degenerative changes arise from conditions such as spondylosis, stenosis of intervertebral discs, and the formation of ... The carotid tubercle is also used as a landmark for anaesthesia of the brachial plexus and cervical plexus. The cervical spinal ... It is also the level where the carotid pulse can be palpated against the transverse process of the C6 vertebrae. Scrollable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae

... mitral stenosis) Stimulants (cocaine, theo, amphet, caffeine) Secret little TIP (about) blood clots: Signs/symptoms of PE (3) ... Sensitive carotid sinus P-THORAX Pleuritic pain Tracheal deviation Hyperresonance Onset sudden Reduced breath sounds (and ... Right heart failure Superior vena caval obstruction Tricuspid stenosis/tricuspid regurgitation/tamponade (cardiac) DOGASH: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_mnemonics

The carotid arteries provide the main blood supply to the brain. They are located on each side of your neck. You can feel their ... Carotid artery stenosis occurs when the carotid arteries become narrowed or blocked. This can lead to stroke. ... Management of recurrent carotid stenosis. In: Cameron AM, Cameron JL, eds. Current Surgical Therapy. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA ... The carotid arteries provide the main blood supply to the brain. They are located on each side of your neck. You can feel their ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000717.htm

120-day results of the International Carotid Stenting Study show that, at least for now, endarterectomy should remain the ... appear to favor carotid endarterectomy over carotid stenting for patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis[1]. ... trial comparing carotid artery stenting with carotid endarterectomy in patients with recently symptomatic carotid stenosis. The ... comparing carotid stenting with endarterectomy in patients with both symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis eligible for ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/790558

... and good control of all vascular risk factors should be recommended in all patients with carotid stenosis—whether ... address different phases of activity of the one and the same condition and blur the significant message that carotid stenosis ... Patients in this short time window benefit from additional carotid intervention, under the condition of an individually ... clinical decisions about the management of patients with carotid stenosis have been based on the distinction between “ ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/srt/2012/340798/

Carotid endarterectomy is highly beneficial to patients with recent hemispheric and retinal transient ischemic attacks or ... nondisabling strokes and ipsilateral high-grade stenosis (70 to 99 percent) of the internal carotid artery. ... Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis N Engl J Med. 1991 Aug 15; ... North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators 1 ; H J M Barnett, D W Taylor, R B Haynes, D L Sackett, S ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1852179/?dopt=Abstract

This recommendation applies to adults who dont have signs or symptoms of carotid artery stenosis or a history of stroke or ... Preventive Services Task Force recommends against screening for carotid artery stenosis in the general population. ... This recommendation applies to adults who dont have signs or symptoms of carotid artery stenosis or a history of stroke or ... The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends against screening for carotid artery stenosis in the general population. ...

https://health.gov/healthypeople/tools-action/browse-evidence-based-resources/screening-asymptomatic-carotid-artery-stenosis

Carotid Stenosis Index Revisited With Direct CT Angiography Measurement of Carotid Arteries to Quantify Carotid Stenosis ... severe carotid stenosis was defined as ≥70% stenosis, as in NASCET.1 On the basis of NASCET-style mean percent stenosis ratios ... 63 carotid arteries; n = 136) had carotid stenosis of ,50%. CTA screening with a threshold stenosis value of ,2.2 mm identified ... carotid stenosis ratio.. True-positive cases are those with a carotid stenosis measurement at the defined millimeter threshold ...

http://www.ajnr.org/content/27/1/13.full

... measurements were performed in 46 patients with carotid artery stenosis (CAS); 23 had unilateral and 23 had bilateral stenosis ... carotid artery stenosis. The baroreceptor reflex plays a key part in the beat by beat regulation and maintenance of arterial ... 1981) Transient ischaemic attacks associated with hypotension in hypertensive patients with carotid artery stenosis. Stroke 12: ... 1987) Long term effect of carotid endarterectomy on carotid sinus baroreceptor function and blood pressure control. Br J Surg ...

https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/67/4/428

Symptoms resolved after carotid surgery. Aplasia of a proximal ACA occurs in up to 7% of people.1 Carotid stenosis should be ... Transient paraparesis due to right carotid stenosis with left anterior cerebral artery aplasia. Arun N. Babu, Lakshmi A. Babu, ... There was a critical right internal carotid artery (RICA) stenosis. The proximal A1 segment of the left anterior cerebral ... Cerebral angiography revealed a critical right internal carotid artery stenosis (figure). Both anterior cerebral arteries were ...

https://n.neurology.org/content/67/5/907

Carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. / Hankey, G. J.. In: Annals of Internal Medicine, Vol. 118, No. SUPPL ... Hankey, G. J. (1993). Carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 118(SUPPL. 3). ... Hankey, G. J. / Carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. In: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1993 ; Vol. 118, No ... Carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1993 Jan 1;118(SUPPL. 3). ...

https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/carotid-endarterectomy-for-asymptomatic-carotid-stenosis

An asymptomatic patient with carotid artery stenosis: how I would treat.. Session: How should I treat asymptomatic carotid ...

https://esc365.escardio.org/presentation/244321?resource=slide

... stenosis. Patients with unilateral acute sICA stenosis (≥50 % according to NASCET), without intracranial stenosis or ... While any degree of stenosis can cause embolic stroke, a higher degree of stenosis can also cause hemodynamic infarction. The ... Degree of stenosis, volume of visually assessed TTP and volume of TTP ≥2 s did not distinguish patients with favorable ( ... s might be superior to degree of stenosis and visually assessed TTP maps in predicting short term patient outcome. Future ...

https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-016-0576-5/peer-review

Managing carotid stenosis to prevent stroke. December 6, 2019. Watch for warning signs to reduce risk. Takeaways: Approximately ...

https://www.myamericannurse.com/tag/carotid-stenosis/

Systematic Comparison of the Risks of Stroke and Death Due to Carotid Endarterectomy for Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Stenosis ... Systematic Comparison of the Risks of Stroke and Death Due to Carotid Endarterectomy for Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Stenosis ...

https://www.ndcn.ox.ac.uk/publications/244498

Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/ This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ...

https://svn.bmj.com/content/1/2/64.info

Carotid Endarterectomy. *Indicated in symptomatic patients fulfilling the following: *,6% surgical morbidity/mortality ... Retrieved from "https://www.wikem.org/w/index.php?title=Carotid_stenosis&oldid=88480" ... Carotid Endarterectomy. eMedicine. Dec 9, 2014. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1895291-overview#showall. ...

https://ww.wikem.org/wiki/Carotid_stenosis

Treatment Strategy for Bilateral Carotid Stenosis: 2 Cases of Carotid Endarterectomy for the Symptomatic Side Followed by ... Treatment Strategy for Bilateral Carotid Stenosis: 2 Cases of Carotid Endarterectomy for the Symptomatic Side Followed by ... Herein we describe 2 patients with bilateral severe carotid stenosis who were treated by CEA for the symptomatic side and CAS ... Since the introduction of carotid stenting (CAS), a combined treatment for bilateral lesions using carotid endarterectomy (CEA ...

https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2115/57788

Carotid Artery Stenosis (or Carotid Artery Disease) is a disorder of the carotid artery which causes narrowing of the blood ... Carotid endarterectomy has been proven to be beneficial for symptomatic patients with a 50 percent or greater carotid stenosis ... If left untreated, carotid artery stenosis can lead to a severe or complete blockage in these vessels, causing a stroke or ... Carotid Artery Stenosis can be diagnosed with an ultrasound - a painless procedure that determines the percentages of arterial ...

https://manhattancardiology.com/conditions/carotid-artery-stenosis/

1 The incidence of stroke becomes considerably increased with the extent of artery stenosis ... Carotid artery stenosis is one of the most common causes of ischemic stroke (CVA) and transient ischemic attacks (TIA). ... Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis In patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, the risk of stroke, recurrent stroke, or TIA ... nursinganswers.net/case-studies/carotid-artery-stenosis-surgery-or-stent.php?vref=1 ,title=Carotid Artery Stenosis: Surgery or ...

https://nursinganswers.net/case-studies/carotid-artery-stenosis-surgery-or-stent.php

CREST-2) Trial: Carotid Revascularization and Medical Management for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis Trial. *Eskandari, Mark (PD/ ...

https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/projects/crest-2-trial-carotid-revascularization-and-medical-management-fo-6

Carotid Artery Stenosis Screening Not Recommended for All. USPSTF recommends against carotid artery stenosis screening in ... Carotid artery stenosis is the narrowing of the arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the head and neck. The condition is a ... Even though asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis can raise the risk for stroke, it causes fewer strokes than other risk factors ... However, the test may lead to many false-positives, or results that show carotid artery stenosis when it actually isnt there. ...

https://feeds.rxwiki.com/news-article/uspstf-recommends-against-carotid-artery-stenosis-screening-asymptomatic-adults

In patients with substantial carotid stenosis who do not meet medical requirements for carotid endarterectomy, high resolution ... is the risk of carotid stenosis. paraphrased artery origin obstruction rates are determined by a carotid stenosis catheter. An ... Ultrasonographic Morphology Assessment of Low-grade Carotid Stenosis. Atherosclerosis can be caused by the carotid bulb which ... In patients with substantial carotid stenosis who do not meet medical requirements for carotid endarterectomy, high resolution ...

https://scholar.plex.page/Carotid_Artery_Stenosis-ClinicalTrials_Gov

Ultrasonic densitometry analysis of imagesmay be used to identify vulnerable and potentially unstable lipid-rich carotid ... of the morphology ofcarotid atherosclerotic plaques using duplex scanning and offline videodensitometricanalysis of 160 carotid ... Ultrasound assessment of atherosclerotic plaque morphology in patients with carotid stenosis Rozikhodjaeva G.A. Ikramova Z.T ... Ultrasound assessment of atherosclerotic plaque morphology in patients with carotid stenosis. European Journal of Molecular & ...

https://ejmcm.com/article_2467.html

CAS is defined as the stenosis of the extracranial internal carotid artery greater than 50%, and the degree of stenosis was ... Upregulation of miR-330-5p is associated with carotid plaques stability by targeting Talin-1 in symptomatic carotid stenosis ... Analysis of the diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-9-5p in carotid artery stenosis Authors. * Hongxin Liu Department of ... Liu H, Zhou J, Jiang W, Wang F. Analysis of the diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-9-5p in carotid artery stenosis. Bosn J ...

https://www.bjbms.org/ojs/index.php/bjbms/article/view/5545

Patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis, however, are also at a higher risk of nonstroke vascular events. The estimated ... The superiority of carotid endarterectomy compared with medical treatment in symptomatic carotid disease is established, ... Firstly, a superior trial of intervention (carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy) vs. state-of-the-art conservative ... The advantage of carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic patients is less established. An alternative treatment, carotid artery ...

https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/244507

... ... Combined or synchronous coronary artery bypass and carotid artery endarterectomy may be a safe surgical option for a specific ... In the United States, there were 213,700 coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgeries and 102,700 carotid endarterectomies ... The purpose of this article is to describe the merits and potential complications involved with undergoing synchronous carotid ...

https://www.siftdesk.org/index-article/Synchronous-CEA-and-CABG-in-asymptomatic-carotid-artery-stenosis-Acase/445471/40

Importance: Carotid artery stenosis is atherosclerotic disease that affects extracranial carotid arteries. Asymptomatic carotid ... or other neurologic symptoms referable to the carotid arteries. The prevalence of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis is low ... Screening for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2021 Feb ... Screening for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. ...

https://repository.escholarship.umassmed.edu/handle/20.500.14038/29723

Carotid Artery Stenosis This problem arises when fatty deposits clog the blood vessels to the brain namely carotid arteries. ... The disease is caused by a build up of plaques in carotid arteries. Plaques are clumps of cholesterol, calcium, fibrous tissue ...

https://neurosurgerynow.com/conditions-treated/neuro-vascular-disorders/carotid-artery-stenosis

Subclavian steal syndrome associated with critical contralateral internal carotid artery stenosis: a hitherto unreported entity ... Subclavian steal syndrome associated with critical contralateral internal carotid artery stenosis: a hitherto unreported entity ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/2744

... induced carotid stenosis (RICS) is challenging and burdened with high risk of complications. Carotid stenting (CAS) may be a ... induced carotid stenosis (RICS) is challenging and burdened with high risk of complications. Carotid stenting (CAS) may be a ... The radiation-induced carotid stenosis: preoperative and late complications of surgical and endovascular treatment. BIANCHINI ... METHODS: From 2005 to 2013, data on patients treated for extracranial carotid stenosis with previous radiotherapy(RT) for head ...

https://cris.unibo.it/handle/11585/515408

The carotid arteries provide the main blood supply to the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
Carotid artery stenosis occurs when the carotid arteries become narrowed or blocked. (medlineplus.gov)
This prevents plaque, a waxy deposit, from building up in the carotid arteries. (medlineplus.gov)
You may also have imaging tests done to see if the blockages in your carotid arteries are becoming worse. (medlineplus.gov)
Carotid stenosis is common, especially in patients with vascular risk factors or with coexistent pathology of coronary or peripheral arteries [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Two neuroradiologists separately reviewed CTAs of 268 carotid arteries, blinded to other information. (ajnr.org)
Distal internal carotid arteries (ICAs) were measured beyond the bulb, where walls are parallel. (ajnr.org)
Both trials imaged carotid arteries by using conventional angiography, first with conventional radiographic film and later with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). (ajnr.org)
Both anterior cerebral arteries were supplied from the stenotic right carotid system, resulting in the bilateral symptoms of transient paraparesis. (neurology.org)
Carotid artery stenosis is the narrowing of the arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the head and neck. (rxwiki.com)
A previous study showed that compared with normal carotid arteries, miRNA expression was significantly upregulated in carotid arteries with restenosis after stent implantation, including miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-20a, and miR-92a [ 13 ]. (bjbms.org)
Importance: Carotid artery stenosis is atherosclerotic disease that affects extracranial carotid arteries. (umassmed.edu)
Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis refers to stenosis in persons without a history of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or other neurologic symptoms referable to the carotid arteries. (umassmed.edu)
Population: This recommendation statement applies to adults without a history of transient ischemic attack, stroke, or other neurologic signs or symptoms referable to the carotid arteries. (umassmed.edu)
This problem arises when fatty deposits clog the blood vessels to the brain namely carotid arteries. (neurosurgerynow.com)
The disease is caused by a build up of plaques in carotid arteries. (neurosurgerynow.com)
We present a case of a stroke 29 years after high- dose proton radiation therapy for skull -base chordoma due to occlusion of bilateral internal carotid arteries . (bvsalud.org)
What is the function of the carotid arteries? (medicalnewstoday.com)
The carotid arteries help transport blood into a person's brain and other areas in the head, making them essential to brain function. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Keep reading for more information about the carotid arteries, including their anatomy and function. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The carotid arteries extend out from the aorta artery, which transports blood out of the heart and is the body's largest artery. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The carotid arteries carry blood through the neck up to the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
There are two carotid arteries: one on the left and one on the right. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The position of the branched carotid arteries is where a person can feel the pulse in their neck, just under the jaw. (medicalnewstoday.com)
There are an additional eight major divisions of the carotid arteries. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The carotid arteries transport oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the brain and head. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Carotid artery disease is a condition in which the carotid arteries narrow. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Histological examination of carotid arteries showed endothelial irregularity with fibrin-rich and platelet-rich thrombus. (houstonmethodist.org)
In the study of carotid arteries, the different imaging techniques allow to analyze various diseases like stenoses, aneurysms, thromboses, dissections, diseases caused by atherosclerotic plaques or congenital abnormalities. (intechopen.com)
It assesses blood flow in the carotid arteries, measures the speed of the blood flow, and estimates the diameter of a blood vessel and degree of obstruction. (intechopen.com)
Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of carotid arteries is a standardized procedure with excellent image quality but related with high radiation exposure. (intechopen.com)
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is increasingly used as a noninvasive method to assess carotid arteries. (intechopen.com)
An ischemic stroke typically results from blockage of an artery that supplies blood to the brain, most commonly a branch of one of the internal carotid arteries. (msdmanuals.com)
The internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery divide into several branches, including the cerebral arteries. (msdmanuals.com)
Some branches join to form a circle of arteries (circle of Willis) that connect the vertebral and internal carotid arteries. (msdmanuals.com)
Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES , most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. (bvsalud.org)
CTA has proven to be clinically useful in the evaluation of the carotid arteries in the neck, intracranial arteries, veins, and dural venous sinuses. (radiologykey.com)
Developmental variation when there are double segments involving portions of the vertebral, basilar, or carotid arteries. (radiologykey.com)

Having carotid artery disease puts you at risk for stroke. (medlineplus.gov)
Results of the long-awaited Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (CREST), comparing carotid stenting with endarterectomy in patients with both symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis eligible for either procedure, will be presented today at the American Stroke Association International Stroke Conference , in San Antonio, TX. (medscape.com)
In the first, the Stent-Supported Percutaneous Angioplasty of the Carotid Artery vs Endarterectomy (SPACE) trial, carotid stenting failed to meet criteria for noninferiority vs endarterectomy and in fact showed slightly higher rates of ipsilateral ischemic stroke and death at 30 days [ 3 ] . (medscape.com)
Longer-term follow-up of both of these trials, however, presented in 2008 at the European Stroke Conference , showed rates of ipsilateral stroke were low and similar between carotid stenting and endarterectomy groups at two and four years of follow-up. (medscape.com)
Both terms, however, only address different phases of activity of the one and the same condition and blur the significant message that carotid stenosis is a most important marker of systemic atherosclerosis, which is accompanied by a much higher risk of cardiovascular events rather than stroke. (hindawi.com)
This distinction corresponds to the design and results of previous clinical trials on surgical versus medical treatment of carotid stenosis for stroke prevention as well as of current studies comparing surgical with interventional procedures (angioplasty with or without stent) [ 3 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, careful review of these studies, as well as long-term natural history observations for many decades, shows that carotid stenosis is much more sensitive as marker of systemic atherosclerosis than a cause of stroke [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Only within a small time window, when carotid stenosis shows progression and high plaque vulnerability, either in the presence of or without clinical signs or symptoms, there is a higher incidence of stroke. (hindawi.com)
Studies performed since then showed already very early an eminent contrast between a very low incidence of stroke (1-2%/year) and a rather high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (5-10%/year), in particular in patients with clinically silent presentation (so-called "asymptomatic carotid disease") [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
The same is true for the "symptomatic" carotid stenosis too, but with one difference: there is a higher risk of stroke (10-20%) within the first 14-28 days following a cerebrovascular event (TIA or stroke) [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
After this vulnerable period, the stroke risk declines to that of the "asymptomatic" carotid stenosis. (hindawi.com)
Without strong evidence of benefit, the use of carotid endarterectomy for prophylaxis against stroke rose dramatically until the mid-1980s, then declined. (nih.gov)
Our investigation sought to determine whether carotid endarterectomy reduces the risk of stroke among patients with a recent adverse cerebrovascular event and ipsilateral carotid stenosis. (nih.gov)
We report here the results in the 659 patients in the latter stratum, who had had a hemispheric or retinal transient ischemic attack or a nondisabling stroke within the 120 days before entry and had stenosis of 70 to 99 percent in the symptomatic carotid artery. (nih.gov)
This recommendation applies to adults who don't have signs or symptoms of carotid artery stenosis or a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. (health.gov)
The measurement techniques used to derive percent stenosis, however, initially differed between the trials, resulting in differing incidence of stroke and revascularization benefit due to a very different definition of 70% stenosis. (ajnr.org)
4 , 5 Endarterectomy confers some benefit for those with symptomatic 50%-69% stenosis, moderately reducing the risk of ipsilateral stroke. (ajnr.org)
Carotid Artery Disease can be prevented through the same measures which help to avoid a heart attack or stroke. (manhattancardiology.com)
If left untreated, carotid artery stenosis can lead to a severe or complete blockage in these vessels, causing a stroke or transient ischemic attack. (manhattancardiology.com)
These newer drugs have made terrific strides towards the risk reduction of stroke in patients with both symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid disease. (nursinganswers.net)
Even though asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis can raise the risk for stroke, it causes fewer strokes than other risk factors like high blood pressure or diabetes . (rxwiki.com)
The USPSTF found that carotid endarterectomy was associated with small increases in risk for heart attack, stroke and death. (rxwiki.com)
or =70%) asymptomatic stenosis of the extracranial carotid artery leads to an increased rate of stroke of approximately 11% in 5 years. (ox.ac.uk)
Late Radiation-Induced Carotid Artery Stenosis and Stroke in Pediatric Patient Treated With Proton Radiation Therapy for Skull-Base Chordoma. (bvsalud.org)
Neither atrial fibrillation nor carotid artery stenosis (on Doppler ultrasound) were identified as causes for her stroke. (bmj.com)
A doctor may use several different tests to determine whether a person has carotid artery disease or has had a stroke or TIA. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Michael J. Lang, MD, joined the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in 2019 as a vascular and endovascular neurosurgeon who specializes in treatment of vessel diseases of the brain, including: aneurysms, stroke, carotid artery stenosis, arteriovenous malformations and fistulas, cavernomas, and intracerebral hemorrhage. (upmc.com)
Carotid artery stenosis is one of the major causes of acute ischaemic stroke, accounting for approximately 20% of cases. (racgp.org.au)
Carotid endarterectomy has been used with some success in the acute management of internal carotid artery occlusions, but no evidence supports its use acutely in ischemic stroke. (medscape.com)
It is recommended that short-term aspirin plus clopidogrel for 21 days with subsequent clopidogrel monotherapy, or long-term aspirin plus dipyridamole modified release, be administered to patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis who, after a transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke, are not under consideration for carotid endarterectomy or stenting. (medscape.com)
Management with carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting is recommended for patients in whom anticoagulation therapy has been started (based on a consideration that the patients' transient ischemic attack or stroke most likely resulted from cardiac embolism) but who have subsequently reported one or more recurrent events in the territory ipsilateral to a 50-99% carotid stenosis during treatment with therapeutic levels of anticoagulation. (medscape.com)

This USPSTF recommendation is an update to a 2007 recommendation, which also stated that the general adult population should not be screened for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. (rxwiki.com)

Results of the Endarterectomy vs Angioplasty in Patients with Symptomatic Severe Carotid Stenosis (EVA-3S) were published within two weeks of the SPACE trial and again failed to show noninferiority with carotid stenting vs endarterectomy [ 4 ] . (medscape.com)
Stent-protected angioplasty in asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis vs. endarterectomy: SPACE2 - a three-arm randomised-controlled clinical trial. (ox.ac.uk)
carotid angioplasty and stenting. (neurosurgerynow.com)
If a person has a more severe blockage, a doctor may recommend additional treatments, such as carotid angioplasty with stenting (CAS). (medicalnewstoday.com)
Purpose: To develop a porcine carotid artery thrombosis model for the evaluation of thrombolytic therapy and adjunctive angioplasty procedures. (houstonmethodist.org)
The feasibility and technical efficacy of balloon angioplasty within the carotid stenosis model were also evaluated. (houstonmethodist.org)

Atherosclerosis can be caused by the carotid bulb which is located upstream of the internal carotid artery origin. (plex.page)
The most common cause of carotid artery disease is atherosclerosis , which is a buildup of plaques comprising fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Occupational physical activity, energy expenditure and 11-year progression of carotid atherosclerosis. (cdc.gov)
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that high energy expenditures at work are associated with an accelerated progression of atherosclerosis even after control for virtually all known cardiovascular risk factors, especially among older workers and workers with preexisting IHD or carotid artery stenosis. (cdc.gov)
Specifically, infection and atherosclerosis are available with this theory proposed that a mutation or a viral agent some studies showing an association between HCV may represent events able to transform a single smooth seropositivity and carotid artery plaque and carotid muscle cell into the progenitor of a proliferative clone ( 7 ). (who.int)

As most patients with CAS were hypertensive and taking drugs, comparisons were made with a group with a similar degree of hypertension who were taking similar antihypertensive drugs, but in whom there was no evidence of carotid artery stenosis. (bmj.com)
Working with teams of researchers inside and outside Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Dr. Carrell has applied similar precision phenotyping methods to identify evidence of carotid artery stenosis, colon polyps, problem use of prescription opioids, and colonoscopy quality. (kpwashingtonresearch.org)

Making certain changes to your diet and exercise habits can help treat carotid artery disease. (medlineplus.gov)
In the 1980s, with the introduction of vascular ultrasound, the true dimensions of carotid disease became apparent. (hindawi.com)
We suggest a combined therapy using CEA for the symptomatic side and then CAS for the asymptomatic side can be 1 beneficial treatment option for patients with bilateral carotid stenosis without coronary artery disease. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Carotid Artery Stenosis (or Carotid Artery Disease) is a disorder of the carotid artery which causes narrowing of the blood vessels in the neck that carry blood from the heart to the brain. (manhattancardiology.com)
Carotid Artery Disease is caused by a buildup of plaque caused by excess fat cells that develop over time slowly, closing the artery and preventing oxygenated blood from entering the brain. (manhattancardiology.com)
What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of Carotid Artery Disease? (manhattancardiology.com)
What Are The Risk Factors Of Carotid Artery Disease? (manhattancardiology.com)
How Is Carotid Artery Disease Diagnosed? (manhattancardiology.com)
Carotid endarterectomy is the traditional surgical treatment for carotid artery disease. (manhattancardiology.com)
Carotid Artery Disease is the narrowing of the arterial blood vessel that provides oxygenated blood to the brain. (manhattancardiology.com)
If you have any of the aforementioned risk factors a consultation with a cardiologist is recommended to screen for carotid disease. (manhattancardiology.com)
In addition to assessing the degree of stenosis, a good history and physical is crucial when deciding how to manage the patient with carotid disease. (nursinganswers.net)
The approach to carotid disease is largely based on symptoms and degree of stenosis. (nursinganswers.net)
The control groups in the large trials for asymptomatic carotid artery disease (ACAS and ACST) originate from more than a decade ago and, for the most part, have not received a medical primary prevention strategy that would now be considered the standard according to current national and international guidelines. (ox.ac.uk)
We also discuss the role that they play in carotid artery disease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Several factors put a person at increased risk of developing carotid artery disease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A person may not experience any symptoms of carotid artery disease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Once a doctor has diagnosed carotid artery disease, they will recommend treatment options to help prevent future complications. (medicalnewstoday.com)
There are several treatment options for carotid artery disease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A person's treatment will vary depending on their age, overall health, and medical history, as well as how advanced the carotid artery disease has become. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Selective shunting was done for four patients (10%) who had a contralateral occlusive disease or poor back bleed from an internal carotid artery (ICA) on table. (indjvascsurg.org)
How serious problem can carotid artery disease be? (angionet.gr)
It is estimated that carotid artery disease is responsible for 40% of all ischaemic strokes (cerebrovascular accidents). (angionet.gr)
Angio-CT in atheromatous carotid disease. (actamedicaportuguesa.com)
Conceição C, Palma T, Evangelista P. Angio-CT in atheromatous carotid disease. (actamedicaportuguesa.com)
Revised clinical guidelines on atherosclerotic carotid artery and vertebral artery disease management were published in January 2023 by the European Society for Vascular Surgery, in the European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery . (medscape.com)
For more information, please go to Atherosclerotic Disease of the Carotid Artery and Vertebral Artery Atherothrombosis . (medscape.com)
Cite this: Atherosclerotic Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease Clinical Practice Guidelines (ESVS, 2023) - Medscape - Apr 04, 2023. (medscape.com)

Association between Intracranial Atherosclerotic Calcium Burden and Angiographic Luminal Stenosis Measurements. (cornell.edu)
Quantifying Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis on MR Angiography. (cornell.edu)
Pharmacogenomics guided antiplatelet selection strategy prior to intracranial or carotid stenting. (who.int)

Carotid artery stenosis quantification uses percent diameter ratios from conventional angiography. (ajnr.org)
Multidetector high-speed CT angiography (CTA) allows direct millimeter measurement of carotid stenosis. (ajnr.org)
however, less-invasive carotid imaging techniques, such as Doppler sonography and MR angiography, are now favored, despite being indirect and less accurate than DSA. (ajnr.org)
Cerebral angiography revealed a critical right internal carotid artery stenosis ( figure ). (neurology.org)
The diagnostic modalities that are used to image the carotid artery diseases are digital subtraction angiography (DSA), duplex ultrasound (DUS), computed tomography angiography (CTA), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). (intechopen.com)

During the last decade, CTA came up with substantial progress in terms of accuracy in stenosis and aneurysm detection. (intechopen.com)

An Echo-Doppler is used to determine the bulb and internal carotid artery origins. (plex.page)
With Doppler ultrasound, two methods of carotid stenosis morphological quantification are currently available. (plex.page)

One such intervention is called carotid endarterectomy, a procedure in which a surgeon removes the inner lining of the carotid artery to remove plaque and restore blood flow. (rxwiki.com)
In patients with substantial carotid stenosis who do not meet medical requirements for carotid endarterectomy, high resolution magnetic resonance imaging will be used to serially monitor the effects of Evolocumab on carotid plaque morphology and composition. (plex.page)
Carotid artery thrombosis or atherosclerotic plaque fragmentation, both of which may leak into the brain, is the risk of carotid stenosis. (plex.page)
2020). 'Ultrasound assessment of atherosclerotic plaque morphology in patients with carotid stenosis', European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine , 7(2), pp. 2435-2438. (ejmcm.com)
A CEA is a procedure in which the doctor cleans plaque from the carotid artery. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Contemporary carotid imaging: from degree of stenosis to plaque vulnerability. (nih.gov)

3 The NASCET data, combined with a re-evaluation of ECST cases by using the NASCET-style stenosis methods, showed that carotid endarterectomy is highly beneficial in symptomatic patients with 70% or greater stenosis, but without near-occlusion. (ajnr.org)
Carotid endarterectomy has been proven to be beneficial for symptomatic patients with a 50 percent or greater carotid stenosis (blockage) and for asymptomatic patients with a 60 percent or greater carotid stenosis. (manhattancardiology.com)
For asymptomatic or symptomatic patients with a less than 50 percent stenosis, medical management with use of statins, antiplatelet agents, and antihypertensive agents is the preferred method of treatment. (manhattancardiology.com)
It is recommended that ezetimibe (10 mg daily) be administered to symptomatic patients with carotid stenosis who fail to achieve their lipid targets on maximum doses or maximum tolerated doses of statins. (medscape.com)

First descriptions of carotid stenosis related to cerebrovascular events date back to T. Willis (1621-1675) and J. J. Wepfer (1620-1695). (hindawi.com)
In this study, we investigated the diagnostic value of miR-9-5p for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (CAS) and its predictive value for future cerebrovascular events within 5 years. (bjbms.org)

Hankey, GJ 1993, ' Carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis ', Annals of Internal Medicine , vol. 118, no. (edu.au)
The advantage of carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic patients is less established. (ox.ac.uk)

OBJECTIVE To determine impairment of baroreceptor afferent activity, which may affect cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with unilateral and bilateral carotid artery stenosis. (bmj.com)
Methods: Bilateral carotid thrombosis was induced in 16 pigs using endothelial crush injury followed by external polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, 5 x 2 cm 2 ) wrap placement to create segmental carotid stenosis. (houstonmethodist.org)

Carotid endarterectomy is highly beneficial to patients with recent hemispheric and retinal transient ischemic attacks or nondisabling strokes and ipsilateral high-grade stenosis (70 to 99 percent) of the internal carotid artery. (nih.gov)
The reference system for determining carotid stenosis is based on hemodynamic criteria that only permit the diagnosis of high grade stenosis thresholds. (plex.page)

Carotid Artery Stenosis can be diagnosed with an ultrasound - a painless procedure that determines the percentages of arterial narrowing. (manhattancardiology.com)
Mr. AS' physician is concerned and decides to send him for a carotid ultrasound (U/S) right then and asks him to return to clinic once the U/S is complete. (nursinganswers.net)
The ultrasound done in the outpatient clinic revealed a 60% stenosis at the bifurcation of the left internal/external carotid artery. (nursinganswers.net)
Abstract: This article presents the results of ultrasound assessment of the morphology of carotid atherosclerotic plaques using duplex scanning and offline videodensitometric analysis of 160 carotid atherosclerotic plaques. (ejmcm.com)
Patient demographics, clinical risk factors, organ of cancer origin, elapsed time from RT, duplex ultrasound(DUS) and clinical presentation of carotid stenosis were preoperatively gathered. (unibo.it)
The efficacy of thrombolytic therapy was assessed using carotid arteriography and intravascular ultrasound. (houstonmethodist.org)
This narrative review describes the main applications of de la ultrasonografía en ultrasound in anesthesia, ultrasound-guided techniques, and current trends in the perioperative anesthetic management of anestesia the surgical patient. (bvsalud.org)
Principles of ultrasound ventricular hypertrophy, valvular stenosis), usually takes only a few minutes to perform3. (bvsalud.org)

Its afferents are located mainly in the carotid sinus and aortic arch. (bmj.com)
This does not occur in valvular aortic stenosis (AS). (tau.ac.il)
While transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has revolutionized the treatment of aortic stenosis, a new study in the American Journal of Cardiology showed that there may be a high risk of in-hospital mortality for patients who undergo surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) after TAVR. (ctsnet.org)

1 Carotid stenosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of transient paraparesis. (neurology.org)

Symptoms resolved after carotid surgery. (neurology.org)
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has recommended against screening for carotid artery stenosis in adults with no symptoms. (rxwiki.com)

An asymptomatic patient with carotid artery stenosis: how I would treat. (escardio.org)

Conclusions: This carotid artery thrombosis model, which incorporates intimal injury with segmental stenosis, is simple to create and reproducible. (houstonmethodist.org)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast media confirmed skull base osteomyelitis, evidenced by bone lysis and marrow enhancement of the clivus ( Figure , panels A-C). Both MRI and CT showed a right jugular vein thrombosis and cellulitis and abscess in the carotid and perivertebral spaces. (cdc.gov)

Ultrasonic densitometry analysis of images may be used to identify vulnerable and potentially unstable lipid-rich carotid plaques, which are less echogenic in density than stable or asymptomatic, fibrotic plaques. (ejmcm.com)
In CAS group, carotid stenosis was symptomatic in 2(28.6%) cases, all plaques resulted hypoechogenic at DUS. (unibo.it)

Since many years, clinical decisions about the management of patients with carotid stenosis have been based on the distinction between "asymptomatic" and "symptomatic" presentations. (hindawi.com)
We conducted a randomized trial at 50 clinical centers throughout the United States and Canada, in patients in two predetermined strata based on the severity of carotid stenosis--30 to 69 percent and 70 to 99 percent. (nih.gov)
In addition, we add clinical meaning to these millimeter measurements by showing their relationship to the well-known North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET)-style ratio calculations. (ajnr.org)
Although proof-based medicine has generated much valid evidence for the drawing up of guidelines and recommendations for best clinical practice in symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis, whether and when it is better to employ endarterectomy or stenting as the intervention of choice still remain m. (bvsalud.org)

The estimated annual risks of such events in patients with asymptomatic stenosis are 7% for a coronary ischaemic event and 4-7% for overall mortality. (ox.ac.uk)
In the United States, there were 213,700 coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgeries and 102,700 carotid endarterectomies (CEA) in 2011. (siftdesk.org)
The purpose of this article is to describe the merits and potential complications involved with undergoing synchronous carotid artery and coronary artery bypass procedures. (siftdesk.org)
Combined or synchronous coronary artery bypass and carotid artery endarterectomy may be a safe surgical option for a specific subset of patients. (siftdesk.org)

In the neck, each of them branches off into an internal carotid artery and an external carotid artery. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Those assigned to surgical treatment underwent carotid endarterectomy performed by neurosurgeons or vascular surgeons. (nih.gov)
AIM: Surgical treatment of radio--induced carotid stenosis (RICS) is challenging and burdened with high risk of complications. (unibo.it)

This USPSTF recommendation comes after a review of research that found no evidence of a benefit from screening the general adult population for carotid artery stenosis. (rxwiki.com)
According to the USPSTF, ultrasonography - an imaging tool that uses sound waves to visualize the inside of the body - is the most convenient screening tool for carotid artery stenosis. (rxwiki.com)
Evidence Assessment: The USPSTF found no new substantial evidence that could change its recommendation and therefore concludes with moderate certainty that the harms of screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis outweigh the benefits. (umassmed.edu)
Recommendation: The USPSTF recommends against screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in the general adult population. (umassmed.edu)

London, UK - Interim safety results at 120 days in the International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) appear to favor carotid endarterectomy over carotid stenting for patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis [ 1 ] . (medscape.com)
ICSS brings to three the number of large randomized trials that have reported results evaluating the use of carotid stenting as an alternative to endarterectomy to treat symptomatic carotid artery stenosis . (medscape.com)
ICSS is a multicenter, international, randomized controlled trial comparing carotid artery stenting with carotid endarterectomy in patients with recently symptomatic carotid stenosis. (medscape.com)
The results showed that carotid stenting was associated with twice as many strokes as carotid endarterectomy in both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. (medscape.com)
Since the introduction of carotid stenting (CAS), a combined treatment for bilateral lesions using carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and CAS has been developed. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Carotid stenting is also a viable alternative to a carotid endarterectomy in certain circumstances and for certain patients. (manhattancardiology.com)
An alternative treatment, carotid artery stenting, has been developed. (ox.ac.uk)
Firstly, a superior trial of intervention (carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy) vs. state-of-the-art conservative treatment is designed. (ox.ac.uk)
In case of superiority of the interventions, a noninferiority end-point will be tested between carotid artery stenting and carotid endarterectomy. (ox.ac.uk)
Carotid stenting (CAS) may be a valid alternative, but better approach is still not defined. (unibo.it)
In the climate of carotid artery stenting versus CEA debate, one would consider this method to reduce the morbidity of CEA. (indjvascsurg.org)

Two hours following carotid artery occlusion, a urokinase (250,000 IU) and heparin (1000 U) solution was pulse-sprayed in 1 carotid artery while the contralateral vessel received the control saline vehicle. (houstonmethodist.org)
Results: Carotid artery occlusion occurred in 30 ± 6 minutes following endothelial injury plus PTFE wrap placement. (houstonmethodist.org)

As a consequence, early diagnosis and followup during best medical treatment, life-style management, regular cardiovascular assessment, and good control of all vascular risk factors should be recommended in all patients with carotid stenosis-whether identified in the long-lasting "silent" or short-lasting "vulnerable" period lasting only a few weeks after cerebral ischemia. (hindawi.com)

Still, the researchers concluded at the time that carotid endarterectomy should be the treatment of choice for suitable patients with recently symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. (medscape.com)
Since many decades, the classification between "symptomatic" and "asymptomatic" carotid stenosis has dominated the management of affected patients. (hindawi.com)
Quite unsurprisingly, a high number of patients were diagnosed with a so-called "asymptomatic" carotid stenosis [ 2 ], but the prognosis and management of these patients were totally uncertain. (hindawi.com)
Other causes (e.g., dissection, often observed in patients under 55 years of age) only account for a small fraction of carotid lesions. (hindawi.com)
1 2 In patients with carotid artery stenosis (CAS), there may be substantial impairment of baroreceptor afferent activity, especially if it is bilateral. (bmj.com)
Herein we describe 2 patients with bilateral severe carotid stenosis who were treated by CEA for the symptomatic side and CAS for the contralateral asymptomatic side. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis will be able to benefit patients with Evolocumab therapy, according to the results of this review, which will determine whether or not treatment with Evolocumab is likely to be helpful to patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. (plex.page)
Patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis, however, are also at a higher risk of nonstroke vascular events. (ox.ac.uk)
Background: The murmur of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) increases in intensity in about 80% of those patients in whom carotid sinus pressure (CSP) slows the heart rate. (tau.ac.il)
When patients undergo a carotid endarterectomy under locoregional anesthesia, it is recommended that the carotid artery be immediately reexplored should an ipsilateral neurologic deficit develop after the carotid clamp is released and flow is restored. (medscape.com)
Intubated patients with a high tracheal tube cuff pressure (CP) are at risk of developing tracheal or subglottic stenosis. (bvsalud.org)

Correlation coefficients were calculated comparing millimeter and derived percent stenosis, followed by regression analysis. (ajnr.org)
Excellent reader correlation permitted averaging of millimeter stenosis and distal ICA measurements, which were then used to calculate mean percent stenosis. (ajnr.org)
There is a linear relationship between millimeter carotid stenosis diameter and derived percent stenosis. (ajnr.org)
Methods of deriving percent stenosis ratios were adopted because standardized stenosis measurements were not consistent with film, and were impossible with DSA, because of differing degrees of magnification between imaging planes, film camera minification, and lack of millimeter calibration of DSA equipment. (ajnr.org)

There was a critical right internal carotid artery (RICA) stenosis. (neurology.org)
Calibre diminution at the maximum of stenosis can be determined by comparing the smallest luminal diameter to the vessel diameter at the stenosis site or downstream internal carotid artery diameter. (plex.page)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Subclavian steal syndrome associated with critical contralateral internal carotid artery stenosis: a hitherto unreported entity. (who.int)
Bedi HS, Suri A, Kalkat MS, Sengar BS, Arora A, Sharma VP, Mahajan V. Subclavian steal syndrome associated with critical contralateral internal carotid artery stenosis: a hitherto unreported entity. (who.int)
is located in the following regions of the internal carotid artery: i. (clinicaltrials.gov)

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends against screening for carotid artery stenosis in the general population. (health.gov)
The reaffirmation update focused on the targeted key questions on the potential benefits and harms of screening and interventions, including revascularization procedures designed to improve carotid artery blood flow, in persons with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. (umassmed.edu)

2 Both showed significant benefits from carotid endarterectomy for severe degrees of stenosis. (ajnr.org)

In most cases, carotid stenosis is the result of atherosclerotic changes of the vessel wall. (hindawi.com)

8 - 16 Acceptance of these alternate modalities to quantify carotid artery stenosis is based upon trials with comparison to DSA by using variable methods of percentage stenosis calculation. (ajnr.org)
METHODS: This population-based prospective study of ultrasonographically assessed carotid intima media thickness (IMT) used repeated measures of occupational physical activity during baseline, 4-year, and 11-year examinations of 612 Finnish men 42-60 years of age at baseline. (cdc.gov)

This relationship has important implications regarding guidelines for revascularization procedures, specifically that of carotid endarterectomy. (ajnr.org)

Anatomy22

Organisms1

Diseases60

Chemicals and Drugs9

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment72

Phenomena and Processes20

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science8

Health Care37

Geographicals1

Studies on structural changes of the carotid arteries and the heart in asymptomatic renal transplant recipients. (1/2863)

Combined carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass graft. (2/2863)

Brain-specific protein C activation during carotid artery occlusion in humans. (3/2863)

Outcome of carotid artery occlusion is predicted by cerebrovascular reactivity. (4/2863)

Prevention of neointimal formation by a serine protease inhibitor, FUT-175, after carotid balloon injury in rats. (5/2863)

Prostacyclin synthase gene transfer accelerates reendothelialization and inhibits neointimal formation in rat carotid arteries after balloon injury. (6/2863)

Continuous perivascular L-arginine delivery increases total vessel area and reduces neointimal thickening after experimental balloon dilatation. (7/2863)

Lumen reduction measurements of the internal carotid artery before and after Levovist enhancement: reproducibility and agreement with angiography. (8/2863)

Carotid Stenosis

Endarterectomy, Carotid

Carotid Arteries

Carotid Artery Diseases

Carotid Artery, Internal

Carotid Artery, Common

Aortic Valve Stenosis

Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex

Endarterectomy

Ischemic Attack, Transient

Constriction, Pathologic

Stents

Angioplasty

Coronary Stenosis

Stroke

Cerebrovascular Disorders

Carotid Body

Carotid Artery, External

Spinal Stenosis

Carotid Sinus

Tracheal Stenosis

Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial

Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Angiography, Digital Subtraction

Amaurosis Fugax

Cerebral Angiography

Angioplasty, Balloon

Carotid Artery Thrombosis

Risk Factors

Angiography

Pyloric Stenosis

Severity of Illness Index

Intracranial Embolism

Mitral Valve Stenosis

Ultrasonography

Prospective Studies

Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

Treatment Outcome

Follow-Up Studies

Blood Flow Velocity

Arterial Occlusive Diseases

Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

Intracranial Arteriosclerosis

Auscultation

Predictive Value of Tests

Ultrasonography, Doppler

Brain Ischemia

Cerebrovascular Circulation

Asymptomatic Diseases

Recurrence

Retrospective Studies

Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Carotid Artery Injuries

Postoperative Complications

Arteriosclerosis

Sensitivity and Specificity

Tunica Intima

Risk Assessment

Time Factors

Embolism

Tunica Media

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness

Cerebral Infarction

Observer Variation

Retinal Artery Occlusion

Doppler Effect

Middle Cerebral Artery

Cranial Nerve Injuries

Hemodynamics

Patient Selection

Calcinosis

Renal Artery Obstruction

Plaque, Atherosclerotic

Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis

Reproducibility of Results

Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular

Acetazolamide

Atherosclerosis

Life Tables

Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular