Carotid Artery Thrombosis
Bleeding Time
Carotid Arteries
Platelet Aggregation
Carotid Artery Diseases
Carotid Artery, Internal
Carotid Artery, Common
Carotid Stenosis
Blood Platelets
Hepatic Artery
Carotid Artery, External
Endarterectomy, Carotid
Coronary Thrombosis
Liver Transplantation
Intracranial Thrombosis
Basilar Artery
Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection
Carotid Body
Tunica Intima
Carotid Sinus
Vitronectin inhibits the thrombotic response to arterial injury in mice. (1/264)
Vitronectin (VN) binds to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and integrins and may play an important role in the vascular response to injury by regulating fibrinolysis and cell migration. However, the role of VN in the earliest response to vascular injury, thrombosis, is not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that variation in vitronectin expression alters the thrombotic response to arterial injury in mice. Ferric chloride (FeCl3) injury was used to induce platelet-rich thrombi in mouse carotid arteries. Wild-type (VN +/+, n = 14) and VN-deficient (VN -/-, n = 15) mice, matched for age and gender, were studied. Time to occlusion after FeCl3 injury was determined by application of a Doppler flowprobe to the carotid artery. Occlusion times of VN -/- mice were significantly shorter than those of VN +/+ mice (6.0 +/- 1.2 minutes v 17.8 +/- 2.3 minutes, respectively, P < .001). Histologic analysis of injured arterial segments showed that thrombi from VN +/+ and VN -/- mice consisted of dense platelet aggregates. In vitro studies of murine VN +/+ and VN -/- platelets showed no significant differences in ADP-induced aggregation, but a trend towards increased thrombin-induced aggregation in VN -/- platelets. Purified, denatured VN inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, whereas native VN did not. Thrombin times of plasma from VN -/- mice (20.5 +/- 2.1 seconds, n = 4) were significantly shorter than those of VN +/+ mice (34.2 +/- 6.7 seconds, n = 4, P < .01), and the addition of purified VN to VN -/- plasma prolonged the thrombin time into the normal range, suggesting that VN inhibits thrombin-fibrinogen interactions. PAI-1-deficient mice (n = 6) did not demonstrate significantly enhanced arterial thrombosis compared with wild-type mice (n = 6), excluding a potential indirect antithrombin function of VN mediated by interactions with PAI-1 as an explanation for the accelerated thrombosis observed in VN -/- mice. These results suggest that vitronectin plays a previously unappreciated antithrombotic role at sites of arterial injury and that this activity may be mediated, at least in part, by inhibiting platelet-platelet interactions and/or thrombin procoagulant activity. (+info)Transcranial Doppler directed dextran therapy in the prevention of carotid thrombosis: three hour monitoring is as effective as six hours. (2/264)
BACKGROUND: Six hours' monitoring by transcranial Doppler (TCD) has been successful in directing Dextran therapy in patients at high risk of thrombotic stroke after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). OBJECTIVES: Is 3 h of routine monitoring as effective as 6 h in the prevention of early postoperative thrombotic stroke? DESIGN: Prospective, consecutive study in all patients with an accessible cranial window. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-six patients undergoing CEA underwent 3 h of postoperative monitoring by TCD. Any patient with > 25 emboli detected in any 10 min period or those with emboli that distorted the arterial waveform were commenced on an incremental infusion of dextran 40. RESULTS: The majority of patients destined to embolise will do so within the first 2 postoperative hours. Dextran therapy was instituted in nine patients (5%) and rapidly controlled this phase of embolisation although the dose had to be increased in three (33%). No patient suffered a postoperative carotid thrombosis but one suffered a minor stroke on day 5 and was found to have profuse embolisation on TCD; high dose dextran therapy was again instituted, the embolus count rate fell rapidly and he made a good recovery thereafter. Overall, the death and disabling stroke rate was 1.2% and the death/any stroke rate was 2.4%. CONCLUSION: Three hours of postoperative TCD monitoring is as effective as 6 h in the prevention of postoperative carotid thrombosis. (+info)Inhibitory effects of nimodipine on platelet aggregation and thrombosis. (3/264)
AIM: To study the inhibitory effects of nimodipine (Nim) on rat platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis in vivo. METHODS: The aggregation rate of platelets induced by ADP and inhibition rate of Nim were measured by the change of light transmission. Effect of Nim on arterial occlusion time was measured by electric stimulation. Effect of Nim on the contents of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 in serum was measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Nim 4.5, 9, 18, and 36 mg.kg-1.d-1 ig for 4 d restrained the platelet aggregation. The IC50 (95% confidence limits) was 26 (9-44) mg.kg-1. Nim 4.5, 9, and 18 mg.kg-1.d-1 ig for 4 d markedly prolonged the time of thrombotic occlusion in carotid artery induced by electric stimulation. Nim 9 and 18 mg.kg-1.d-1 improved the imbalance of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha/TXB2 in serum after thrombosis. CONCLUSION: Nim was a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, which was partially concerned with the improved balance of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha/TXB2. (+info)Recently occluded intracranial and extracranial carotid arteries. Relevance of the unstable atherosclerotic plaque. (4/264)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It is now widely accepted that thrombotic coronary artery occlusion usually follows rupture of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque. The significance of such instability in arteries supplying the brain is less well appreciated. We therefore describe the clinical and pathological features of recent, symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion to examine the pathogenetic role of plaque instability at both extracranial and intracranial sites. METHODS: Cases were selected from a consecutive series of 188 adult neuropathology autopsies. In 90 of these, the principal neuropathological abnormality was cerebral infarction, in 14 cases due to recent occlusion of 1 or more segments of the internal carotid artery. In each case, a full systemic, cardiovascular, and neuropathological autopsy was performed. Plaque instability was assessed by the presence or absence of a large, necrotic, lipid core; a thin, fibrous cap; and superficial inflammation. RESULTS: Of the 14 cases, 3 showed extracranial (carotid sinus), 7 intracranial, and 4 both extracranial and intracranial carotid artery occlusion. In 6 of the 7 occluded carotid sinuses, thrombus overlay an ulcerated, unstable, atherosclerotic plaque. In 1 extracranial and all 11 intracranial occlusions, there was either no atheroma or a mildly stenotic, stable, fibrous plaque, and in these cases, the cause of occlusion was embolism (8 cases), giant-cell arteritis (1 case), and unknown (3 cases). CONCLUSIONS: Coronary-type rupture of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque is the usual cause of fatal occlusion of the carotid sinus, but other causes usually underlie intracranial carotid occlusion. The nature and consequences of intracranial atherosclerosis require further study. (+info)Asymptomatic embolization predicts stroke and TIA risk in patients with carotid artery stenosis. (5/264)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Improved methods of identifying patients at high risk of thromboembolism would allow improved targeting of therapy. One such situation is carotid artery stenosis. This is associated with an increased risk of stroke, which can be reduced by carotid endarterectomy. However, the risk-benefit ratio is low in patients with tight asymptomatic stenosis and moderate symptomatic stenosis. Most stroke in patients with carotid stenosis is believed to be embolic. Therefore, the detection of asymptomatic cerebral emboli using Doppler ultrasound may allow identification of a high-risk group. METHODS: Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to record for 1 hour the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery in 111 patients with >60% carotid artery stenosis (69 symptomatic, 42 asymptomatic). The Doppler audio signal was recorded onto digital audio tape for later analysis for embolic signals (ES) by an individual blinded to clinical details. In 67 subjects the relationship between ES and angiographically determined plaque ulceration was investigated. All subjects were followed up prospectively, and the relationship between ES and risk of future ipsilateral carotid artery territory ischemic events (TIA and stroke) was determined. RESULTS: ES were detected in 41(36.9%) subjects. In symptomatic patients there was a significant inverse relationship between the number of ES per hour and time elapsed since last symptoms (Spearman's rho=-0.2558, P=0.034). ES were more common in subjects with plaque ulceration, with a relative risk of 4. 94 (95% CI, 1.23 to 19.84; P=0.025) after controlling for both symptomatic status and degree of stenosis. The presence of ES at entry was predictive of TIA and stroke risk during follow up in both symptomatic (P=0.02) and asymptomatic patients (P=0.007). Considering all 111 patients, the presence of asymptomatic embolization was predictive of a further ischemic event, with an adjusted OR of 8.10 (95% CI, 1.58 to 41.57; P=0.01) after controlling for other cardiovascular risk factors, degree of stenosis, symptomatic status, and aspirin or warfarin use. CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic embolization in patients with carotid artery stenosis correlates with known markers of increased stroke risk and is an independent predictor of future stroke risk in patients with both symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis. It may allow identification of a high-risk group of patients who will particularly benefit from carotid endarterectomy. A large multicenter study is now required to confirm these findings. (+info)Effects of citicoline combined with thrombolytic therapy in a rat embolic stroke model. (6/264)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to evaluate the effects of the combination of cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (citicoline) and thrombolysis on infarct size, clinical outcome, and mortality in a rat embolic stroke model. METHODS: Eighty-three Sprague-Dawley rats were embolized in the carotid territory with a single fibrin embolus and randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: (1) control (saline), (2) citicoline 250 mg/kg, (3) citicoline 500 mg/kg, (4) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) 5 mg/kg, (5) rtPA 5 mg/kg plus citicoline 250 mg/kg, and (6) rtPA 5 mg/kg plus citicoline 500 mg/kg. rtPA was administered as a continuous intravenous infusion over 45 minutes starting 45 minutes after embolization; citicoline was given intraperitoneally 30 minutes and 24, 48, and 72 hours after embolization. At 96 hours, the brains were fixed and stained by hematoxylin-eosin, and infarct volumes were measured. Neurological scores were determined daily. RESULTS: The median infarct size, measured as percentage of the affected hemisphere, in the control group was 37% (interquartile range, 26% to 69%) compared with 22% (5% to 52%; P=NS) in group 2, 11% (5% to 34%; P=NS) in group 3, 24% (12% to 31%; P=NS) in group 4, 11% (3% to 22%; P=0.02) in the combined group 5, and 19% (9% to 51%; P=NS) in group 6. The infarct size was significantly reduced in the combined citicoline+rtPA-treated groups to a median of 13% (5% to 30%; P<0.01). Citicoline 500 mg/kg and citicoline combined with rtPA also promoted functional recovery. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that the combination of low-dose citicoline and rtPA significantly reduced infarct size in this focal ischemia model. (+info)Delayed hypovolemic hypotension exacerbates the hemodynamic and histopathologic consequences of thromboembolic stroke in rats. (7/264)
Abnormalities in cerebrovascular reactivity or hemodynamic reserve are risk factors for stroke. The authors determined whether hemodynamic reserve is reduced in an experimental model of thromboembolic stroke. Nonocclusive common carotid artery thrombosis (CCAT) was produced in rats by a rose bengal-mediated photochemical insult, and moderate hypotension (60 mm Hg/30 min) was induced 1 hour later by hemorrhage. Alterations in local cerebral blood flow (ICBF) were assessed immediately after the hypotensive period by 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography, and histopathologic outcome was determined 3 days after CCAT. Compared to normotensive CCAT rats (n = 5), induced hypotension after CCAT (n = 7) led to enlarged regions of severe ischemia (i.e., mean ICBF < 0.24 mL/g/min) in the ipsilateral hemisphere. For example, induced hypotension increased the volume of severely ischemic sites from 16 +/- 4 mm3 (mean +/- SD) to 126 +/- 99 mm3 (P < 0.05). Histopathologic data also showed a larger volume of ischemic damage with secondary hypotension (n = 7) compared to normotension (22 +/- 15 mm3 versus 5 +/- 5 mm3, P < .05). Both hypotension-induced decreases in ICBF and ischemic pathology were commonly detected within cortical anterior and posterior borderzone areas and within the ipsilateral striatum and hippocampus. In contrast to CCAT, mechanical ligation of the common carotid artery plus hypotension (n = 8) did not produce significant histopathologic damage. Nonocclusive CCAT with secondary hypotension therefore predisposes the post-thrombotic brain to hemodynamic stress and structural damage. (+info)Brief myocardial ischemia attenuates platelet thrombosis in remote, damaged, and stenotic carotid arteries. (8/264)
BACKGROUND: Brief antecedent periods of coronary artery occlusion improve subsequent vessel patency in damaged and stenotic coronary arteries via release of adenosine from ischemic/reperfused myocardium and resultant adenosine receptor stimulation. However, the site of receptor stimulation-circulating blood-borne elements (ie, platelets) versus vessel-wall components of the culprit artery-remains unclear. If platelet adenosine receptors are involved, then the benefits of brief coronary occlusion (1) should be manifested systemically and improve patency at a remote site and (2) should be inhibited by an antagonist of adenosine A(2) receptors, whereas, in contrast, (3) brief vascular occlusion not associated with appreciable adenosine release should be ineffective in improving vessel patency. METHODS AND RESULTS: In Protocol 1, anesthetized rabbits received 5 minutes of transient coronary occlusion, 5 minutes of transient bilateral carotid occlusion (purported to cause negligible adenosine release from the brain), or no intervention. All rabbits then underwent injury plus stenosis of the left carotid artery, resulting in repeated cyclic variations in carotid blood flow (CFVs). Carotid patency during the initial 2 hours after stenosis (assessed by quantifying the nadir of the CFVs and area of the flow-time profile) was significantly enhanced with antecedent coronary-but not carotid-occlusion versus controls. In Protocol 2, improvement in carotid patency after brief coronary occlusion was corroborated in anesthetized dogs. However, the benefits of brief coronary occlusion were abrogated by the A(2)/A(1) antagonist CGS 15943. CONCLUSIONS: Brief antecedent coronary artery occlusion enhanced vessel patency in remote, damaged, and stenotic carotid arteries, largely due to adenosine receptor stimulation on circulating elements. (+info)Carotid artery thrombosis is often caused by atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque in the arteries that can lead to the formation of blood clots. Other risk factors for carotid artery thrombosis include high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity.
Diagnosis of carotid artery thrombosis typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT or MRI scans, and Doppler studies to visualize the blood flow in the neck and brain. Treatment options for carotid artery thrombosis include anticoagulation medications to prevent further clotting, medications to dissolve the clot, and surgery to remove the clot or repair the affected artery.
In severe cases, carotid artery thrombosis can lead to stroke or brain damage if not treated promptly. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention immediately if symptoms persist or worsen over time.
There are several types of thrombosis, including:
1. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): A clot forms in the deep veins of the legs, which can cause swelling, pain, and skin discoloration.
2. Pulmonary embolism (PE): A clot breaks loose from another location in the body and travels to the lungs, where it can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing up blood.
3. Cerebral thrombosis: A clot forms in the brain, which can cause stroke or mini-stroke symptoms such as weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking.
4. Coronary thrombosis: A clot forms in the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, leading to a heart attack.
5. Renal thrombosis: A clot forms in the kidneys, which can cause kidney damage or failure.
The symptoms of thrombosis can vary depending on the location and size of the clot. Some common symptoms include:
1. Swelling or redness in the affected limb
2. Pain or tenderness in the affected area
3. Warmth or discoloration of the skin
4. Shortness of breath or chest pain if the clot has traveled to the lungs
5. Weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking if the clot has formed in the brain
6. Rapid heart rate or irregular heartbeat
7. Feeling of anxiety or panic
Treatment for thrombosis usually involves medications to dissolve the clot and prevent new ones from forming. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the clot or repair the damaged blood vessel. Prevention measures include maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, avoiding long periods of immobility, and managing chronic conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
The most common carotid artery disease is atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque in the inner lining of the arteries. This buildup can lead to a narrowing or blockage of the arteries, reducing blood flow to the brain and increasing the risk of stroke. Other conditions that can affect the carotid arteries include:
1. Carotid artery stenosis: A narrowing of the carotid arteries caused by atherosclerosis or other factors.
2. Carotid artery dissection: A tear in the inner lining of the arteries that can cause bleeding and blockage.
3. Carotid artery aneurysm: A bulge in the wall of the arteries that can lead to rupture and stroke.
4. Temporal bone fracture: A break in the bones of the skull that can cause damage to the carotid arteries and result in stroke or other complications.
Carotid artery diseases are typically diagnosed using imaging tests such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) angiography, or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Treatment options for carotid artery diseases depend on the underlying condition and its severity, but may include lifestyle changes, medications, surgery, or endovascular procedures.
Prevention of carotid artery diseases is key to reducing the risk of stroke and other complications. This includes managing risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes, as well as maintaining a healthy lifestyle and getting regular check-ups with your doctor.
There are two main types of carotid stenosis:
1. Internal carotid artery stenosis: This type of stenosis occurs when the internal carotid artery, which supplies blood to the brain, becomes narrowed or blocked.
2. Common carotid artery stenosis: This type of stenosis occurs when the common carotid artery, which supplies blood to the head and neck, becomes narrowed or blocked.
The symptoms of carotid stenosis can vary depending on the severity of the blockage and the extent of the affected area. Some common symptoms include:
* Dizziness or lightheadedness
* Vertigo (a feeling of spinning)
* Blurred vision or double vision
* Memory loss or confusion
* Slurred speech
* Weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg on one side of the body
If left untreated, carotid stenosis can lead to a stroke or other serious complications. Treatment options for carotid stenosis include medications to lower cholesterol and blood pressure, as well as surgical procedures such as endarterectomy (removing plaque from the artery) or stenting (placing a small mesh tube in the artery to keep it open).
In conclusion, carotid stenosis is a serious medical condition that can lead to stroke and other complications if left untreated. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time.
Symptoms of venous thrombosis may include pain, swelling, warmth, and redness in the affected limb. In some cases, the clot can break loose and travel to the lungs, causing a potentially life-threatening condition called Pulmonary Embolism (PE).
Treatment for venous thrombosis typically involves anticoagulant medications to prevent the clot from growing and to prevent new clots from forming. In some cases, a filter may be placed in the vena cava, the large vein that carries blood from the lower body to the heart, to prevent clots from traveling to the lungs.
Prevention of venous thrombosis includes encouraging movement and exercise, avoiding long periods of immobility, and wearing compression stockings or sleeves to compress the veins and improve blood flow.
Coronary Thrombosis can cause a range of symptoms including chest pain, shortness of breath, lightheadedness and fatigue. The severity of the symptoms depends on the location and size of the clot. In some cases, the condition may be asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally during a medical examination or imaging test.
Diagnosis of Coronary Thrombosis is typically made using electrocardiogram (ECG), blood tests and imaging studies such as angiography or echocardiography. Treatment options include medications to dissolve the clot, surgery to open or bypass the blocked artery or other interventional procedures such as angioplasty or stenting.
Prevention of Coronary Thrombosis includes managing risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking and diabetes through lifestyle changes and medications. Early detection and treatment can help reduce the risk of complications and improve outcomes for patients with this condition.
There are several types of intracranial thrombosis, including:
1. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST): This type of thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in the veins that drain blood from the brain. CVST is more common in young adults and is often associated with certain risk factors, such as cancer, infection, or trauma.
2. Cerebral arterial thrombosis (CAT): This type of thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in an artery that supplies blood to the brain. CAT is more common in older adults and is often associated with risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or heart disease.
3. Pial sinus thrombosis: This type of thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in the pial sinuses, which are specialized blood vessels that surround the brain. Pial sinus thrombosis is more common in children and young adults.
The symptoms of intracranial thrombosis can vary depending on the location and size of the clot, but may include:
1. Headache: A severe headache is often the first symptom of intracranial thrombosis. The headache may be sudden and severe, or it may develop gradually over time.
2. Confusion: Patients with intracranial thrombosis may experience confusion, disorientation, or difficulty concentrating.
3. Weakness or numbness: Patients may experience weakness or numbness in their arms, legs, or face on one side of the body.
4. Vision problems: Intracranial thrombosis can cause vision problems, such as blurred vision, double vision, or loss of peripheral vision.
5. Speech difficulties: Patients may experience difficulty speaking or understanding speech.
6. Seizures: In some cases, intracranial thrombosis can cause seizures.
7. Fever: Patients with intracranial thrombosis may develop a fever, especially if the clot is infected.
8. Weakness in the limbs: Patients may experience weakness or paralysis in their arms or legs.
9. Difficulty swallowing: Patients may have difficulty swallowing or experience drooling.
10. Change in mental status: Patients with intracranial thrombosis may exhibit changes in their mental status, such as lethargy, agitation, or confusion.
If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Intracranial thrombosis can be diagnosed through imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans, and treated with anticoagulant medications, thrombolysis, or surgery. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent long-term damage and improve outcomes for patients.
1. Atrial fibrillation (a type of irregular heartbeat)
2. Heart disease or valve problems
3. Blood clots in the legs or lungs
4. Infective endocarditis (an infection of the heart valves)
5. Cancer and its treatment
6. Trauma to the head or neck
7. High blood pressure
8. Atherosclerosis (the buildup of plaque in the arteries)
When a blockage occurs in one of the blood vessels of the brain, it can deprive the brain of oxygen and nutrients, leading to cell death and potentially causing a range of symptoms including:
1. Sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg
2. Sudden confusion or trouble speaking or understanding speech
3. Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
4. Sudden severe headache
5. Dizziness or loss of balance
6. Fainting or falling
Intracranial embolism and thrombosis can be diagnosed through a variety of imaging tests, including:
1. Computed tomography (CT) scan
2. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
3. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
4. Cerebral angiography
5. Doppler ultrasound
Treatment options for intracranial embolism and thrombosis depend on the underlying cause of the blockage, but may include:
1. Medications to dissolve blood clots or prevent further clotting
2. Surgery to remove the blockage or repair the affected blood vessel
3. Endovascular procedures, such as angioplasty and stenting, to open up narrowed or blocked blood vessels
4. Supportive care, such as oxygen therapy and pain management, to help manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Types of Arterial Occlusive Diseases:
1. Atherosclerosis: Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries, leading to narrowing or blockages that can restrict blood flow to certain areas of the body.
2. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): PAD is a condition where the blood vessels in the legs and arms become narrowed or blocked, leading to pain or cramping in the affected limbs.
3. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): CAD is a condition where the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, become narrowed or blocked, leading to chest pain or a heart attack.
4. Carotid Artery Disease: Carotid artery disease is a condition where the carotid arteries, which supply blood to the brain, become narrowed or blocked, leading to stroke or mini-stroke.
5. Renal Artery Stenosis: Renal artery stenosis is a condition where the blood vessels that supply the kidneys become narrowed or blocked, leading to high blood pressure and decreased kidney function.
Symptoms of Arterial Occlusive Diseases:
1. Pain or cramping in the affected limbs
2. Weakness or fatigue
3. Difficulty walking or standing
4. Chest pain or discomfort
5. Shortness of breath
6. Dizziness or lightheadedness
7. Stroke or mini-stroke
Treatment for Arterial Occlusive Diseases:
1. Medications: Medications such as blood thinners, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and blood pressure medications may be prescribed to treat arterial occlusive diseases.
2. Lifestyle Changes: Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.
3. Endovascular Procedures: Endovascular procedures such as angioplasty and stenting may be performed to open up narrowed or blocked blood vessels.
4. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to treat arterial occlusive diseases, such as bypass surgery or carotid endarterectomy.
Prevention of Arterial Occlusive Diseases:
1. Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle
2. Quit smoking and avoid exposure to secondhand smoke
3. Exercise regularly
4. Manage high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes
5. Avoid excessive alcohol consumption
6. Get regular check-ups with your healthcare provider
Early detection and treatment of arterial occlusive diseases can help manage symptoms, slow the progression of the disease, and prevent complications such as heart attack or stroke.
Symptoms of CAID may include sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body, difficulty speaking, dizziness, and loss of vision in one eye. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans, and Doppler ultrasound.
Treatment for CAID usually involves medications to dissolve blood clots and prevent further complications. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the damaged artery. Preventive measures include avoiding trauma to the neck and head, controlling high blood pressure, and managing underlying medical conditions that increase the risk of CAID.
The carotid arteries are located on either side of the neck and supply oxygen-rich blood to the brain, making them a critical part of the vascular system. Internal dissection of the carotid artery can lead to serious complications if left untreated, so prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for preventing long-term damage.
Periodontal disease
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Stroke
Cerebrovascular disease
Glossary of medicine
List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations
Cavernous sinus
List of MeSH codes (C10)
Joseph Maroon
Pulse pressure
International Classification of Headache Disorders
Horner's syndrome
Carotid artery dissection
John David Spence
Ocular ischemic syndrome
Vertebral artery dissection
Moyamoya disease
Embolic stroke of undetermined source
Embolism
List of ICD-9 codes 390-459: diseases of the circulatory system
Transient ischemic attack
Pulseless electrical activity
Vascular access for chemotherapy
List of MeSH codes (C14)
Sphenoid sinus
Lourdes Medical Bureau
Peripheral artery disease
Arterial occlusion
Femoral artery
Lysophosphatidylcholine
Brain ischemia
Claude Franceschi
List of diseases (C)
Balaji Sadasivan
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage
MicroRNA
Iron(III) chloride
Cerebral infarction
List of OMIM disorder codes
Hypertension
Endovascular aneurysm repair
Dural arteriovenous fistula
Torcetrapib
Interventional radiology
Toothache
Medical ultrasound
Aneurysm
Galen
Chest pain
Watershed stroke
Vein
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Stenosis7
- [ 1 ] About 15% of acute ischemic strokes are associated with extracranial carotid stenosis resulting from atherosclerosis. (medscape.com)
- The factors that determine the risk of a carotid plaque resulting in a stroke include luminal stenosis, plaque composition, and plaque morphology. (medscape.com)
- The detection of a clinically significant carotid stenosis represents an important first step in the prevention of cerebral infarction. (medscape.com)
- [ 7 , 9 ] Duplex carotid ultrasound remains useful in the initial evaluation of symptomatic patients who present with nonspecific symptoms that may be related to stenotic or embolic carotid stenosis. (medscape.com)
- The clincial management of coronary artery disease , peripheral arterial stenosis, and hypertension are likely to delay the development of carotid artery stenosis. (medscape.com)
- There is good evidence in support of an evaluation for carotid stenosis prior to coronary artery bypass surgery. (medscape.com)
- Endarterectomy versus stenting in patients with symptomatic severe carotid stenosis. (clotcare.com)
Atherosclerosis5
- Atherosclerosis is a disease of large and medium-sized muscular arteries and is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and the buildup of lipids, cholesterol, calcium, and cellular debris within the intima of the vessel wall. (medscape.com)
- Noncoronary atherosclerosis refers to atherosclerotic disease affecting large and medium-sized noncoronary arteries (eg, extracranial cerebrovascular disease, lower extremity occlusive disease, aneurysmal disease). (medscape.com)
- This study attempts to identify the factors responsible for atherosclerosis in CRF patients using carotid artery intima media thickness (CAIMT) as a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. (heartviews.org)
- [1] Carotid artery intima media thickness (CAIMT) is increasingly used as a surrogate marker of early atherosclerosis and it was shown that CAIMT is a strong predictor of future myocardial infarction and stroke. (heartviews.org)
- Arterial thrombosis is directly related to atherosclerosis and represents the leading cause of mortality in the world, commonly manifesting as acute myo- cardial infarction (AMI), cerebrovascular accident (CVA)/transient ischemic attack (TIA), and peripheral arterial obstructive disease(1,3). (bvsalud.org)
Disease6
- It is ranked as the third most common cause of death in the United States, after heart disease and cancer, and about one third of all strokes are related to carotid occlusive disease. (medscape.com)
- The process of carotid arterial narrowing represents a long-term chronic disease. (medscape.com)
- As a vascular surgeon, Ankur Chandra, MD, has expertise in open and endovascular treatment of complex aortic and carotid artery disease, as well as endovascular treatment of all aspects of peripheral artery disease (PAD). (scripps.org)
- In addition, the effect and mechanism of TCM in improving TMAO-induced kidney injury, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, thrombosis and osteoporosis were summarized. (bvsalud.org)
- I work with patients confronting a wide variety of blood vessel conditions, including aortic aneurysm, carotid artery disease, varicose veins, lymphedema, arterial disease that interferes with walking, and diabetic wounds, such as foot ulcers. (nyulangone.org)
- The clinical indications for Doppler ultrasound studies included Diabetes Foot Syndrome (DFS), Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT), peripheral arterial disease, and leg swellings. (bvsalud.org)
Extracranial2
- In a randomized controlled trial of 250 patients with vertebral artery (n = 132) or extracranial carotid (n = 118) dissections who were randomly assigned to antiplatelet therapy versus anticoagulation therapy within 7 days of symptom onset, the investigators found no difference between either agent in preventing stroke and death after 3 months. (medscape.com)
- [4] The CAIMT can be easily, safely, reliably, and inexpensively measured with B-mode ultrasound, and the predictive value of this measurement is increased when CAIMT is measured at different extracranial carotid sites. (heartviews.org)
Internal Caroti2
- Purpose To report our experience with intraoperative complications involving the internal carotid artery (ICA) during trans-sphenoidal surgery and their outcome with reconstructive endovascular management. (bmj.com)
- Intraoperative injuries of the internal carotid artery (ICA) have a high morbidity and mortality when they occur during trans-sphenoidal surgery. (bmj.com)
Arterial2
- Hemodynamics analyses of arterial expansions with implications to thrombosis and restenosis. (ncsu.edu)
- Objectives: To determine and compare the carotid arterial structural wall changes and blood flow velocities of adults with co-existing DM and HTN with age-and sex-matched non-diabetic, non-hypertensive controls. (bvsalud.org)
Endarterectomy5
- A subsequent European study found that CASs are not nearly as effective as carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and are associated with unacceptably high rates of stroke ( 2 ). (clotcare.com)
- At this time, carotid artery stenting exists as an alternative (likely inferior) to carotid endarterectomy and the comparative risk to benefit ratios of each in an individual patient is still difficult to discern. (clotcare.com)
- Protected carotid-artery stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients. (clotcare.com)
- Of special interest are sudden expansion flows, which may occur in straight artery segments such as the common carotid after endarterectomy or end-to-end anastomoses. (ncsu.edu)
- The main goal of this computational study is to establish surgical guidelines for optimal geometries of carotid endarterectomy reconstructions that may measurably reduce postoperative complications, that is, thrombosis, stroke, and/or restenosis. (ncsu.edu)
Pulmonary Embolism1
- For prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and thromboembolic disorders. (medscape.com)
Ultrasound3
- Carotid duplex is an ultrasound test that shows how well blood is flowing through the carotid arteries. (medlineplus.gov)
- Carotid ultrasound showed thrombosis in the bilateral common carotid arteries (approximately 2 cm below the proximal end of the carotid sinus), and contrast-enhanced ultrasound did not suggest enhancement. (bvsalud.org)
- After 1 wk of treatment with aspirin 200 mg and atorvastatin 40 mg, a carotid ultrasound reexamination showed that the thrombosis had significantly reduced. (bvsalud.org)
Varicose1
- In addition, he treats the full spectrum of venous disorders, including varicose veins and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). (scripps.org)
Ultrasonography7
- The use of carotid duplex ultrasonography has been widely recommended as a screening examination. (medscape.com)
- However, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force U.S. Preventive Services Task Force has recommended against the usefulness of carotid duplex ultrasonography as a screening test in asymptomatic individuals. (medscape.com)
- The detection of a carotid bruit is a common physical examination finding that may lead to a referral for carotid duplex ultrasonography. (medscape.com)
- Noninvasive modalities that can identify carotid plaque include ultrasonography, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. (medscape.com)
- Carotid duplex ultrasonography, computed tomographic angiography (CTA), or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the carotid artery may be most appropriate in a specific case (see the images below). (medscape.com)
- These vascular changes can be detected using carotid ultrasonography. (bvsalud.org)
- Therefore, carotid ultrasonography should be mandatory in individuals at risk for early detection and possible prevention of atherosclerotic complications. (bvsalud.org)
Complications1
- It is assumed that critical hemodynamic factors play an important role in the onset, localization and degree of post-operative complications, for example, thrombosis and restenosis. (ncsu.edu)
Middle cerebr1
- Computed tomography angiography (CTA) indicated M3 segment embolism of the right middle cerebral artery. (bvsalud.org)
Plaques2
- Bost US and MRI offer insight into the nature of carotid plaques based on the amount of lipid material in the plaque and the presence of ulcerations. (medscape.com)
- Their carotid arteries were examined bilaterally for plaques, carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and flow velocities -peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) using 4-12MHz linear array transducer. (bvsalud.org)
Stent1
- Is the therapeutic hypothermia a risk factor for stent thrombosis? (escardio.org)
Bilateral1
- Neck CTA revealed thrombosis of the bilateral common carotid arteries. (bvsalud.org)
Neck5
- The carotid arteries are located in the neck. (medlineplus.gov)
- The device sends sound waves to the arteries in your neck. (medlineplus.gov)
- Your provider hears an abnormal sound called a bruit over the carotid neck arteries. (medlineplus.gov)
- BACKGROUND: There are few reported cases of intracranial large artery embolism due to carotid thrombosis caused by a neck massager. (bvsalud.org)
- CONCLUSION: Neck massager may cause carotid artery thrombosis. (bvsalud.org)
Cardiovascular1
- Thrombosis represents the underlying mechanism of cardiovascular diseases, which are often important health problems(1). (bvsalud.org)
Aneurysm1
- 1 , 2 The presentation of this potentially fatal complication includes severe perioperative or postoperative bleeding, a false aneurysm of the ICA or a carotid cavernous fistula. (bmj.com)
Transient1
- Considering transient 3-D laminar blood flow in partially occluded, in-plane, rigid-wall carotid artery bifurcations, the results presented include time-averaged indicators of "disturbed flow", such as the wall shear stress, spatial wall shear stress gradient, and wall shear stress angle deviation. (ncsu.edu)
Sonography2
- Although duplex imaging helps in the detection of carotid lesions in asymptomatic patients, the cost and risk associated with potentially unnecessary follow-up testing and the risk of unnecessary surgical procedures are arguments againt the wider application of carotid sonography in asymptomatic indivduals. (medscape.com)
- Carotid sonography: protocol and technical considerations. (medlineplus.gov)
Blockage2
- The artery is free of any significant blockage, narrowing, or other problem. (medlineplus.gov)
- Care teams at Ascension sites of care provide stroke screening and prompt care to open a carotid artery blockage to help prevent stroke. (ascension.org)
Pathology1
- Kim YK, Schulman S. Cervical artery dissection: pathology, epidemiology and management. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis1
- Provenzale JM, Sarikaya B. Comparison of test performance characteristics of MRI, MR angiography, and CT angiography in the diagnosis of carotid and vertebral artery dissection: a review of the medical literature. (medscape.com)
Postoperative2
- The goals of carotid imaging are early detection, clinical staging, surgical road mapping, and postoperative therapeutic surveillance (see the images below). (medscape.com)
- There was no postoperative vascular graft thrombosis. (elsevier.com)
Symptoms1
- Saeed AB, Shuaib A, Al-Sulaiti G, Emery D. Vertebral artery dissection: warning symptoms, clinical features and prognosis in 26 patients. (medscape.com)
Vessel1
- CONCLUSIONS Reconstructing the carotid artery using an SFV is very effective due to the ease in harvesting the vessel and its optimal size and length for carotid artery replacement. (elsevier.com)
References1
- to analyze the concept of thrombosis and identify its applications, Vanessa Monteiro Mantovani2 defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical references. (bvsalud.org)
Patients3
- The usefulness of carotid artery screening has been demonstrated in patients prior to elective surgery. (medscape.com)
- METHODS Ten patients with malignant tumours involving the carotid artery underwent carotid artery resection and reconstruction with the SFV. (elsevier.com)
- Risk factors for ICA rupture included two patients with carotid dehiscence, one with sphenoid septal attachment to the ICA, two with revision surgery, one with prior radiation to the tumor, one with bromocriptine treatment and two with acromegaly. (bmj.com)
Sudden2
- Sudden unilateral deafness due to a right vertebral artery dissection. (medscape.com)
- A bulge in this artery can cause sudden pain in your tummy that does not go away. (ascension.org)
Deep2
- ClotCare is a member organization of the Coalition to Prevent Deep Vein Thrombosis. (clotcare.com)
- Click here to learn more about the Coalition to Prevent Deep Vein Thrombosis and DVT Awareness Month, which is held each March. (clotcare.com)
Clinical1
- Clinical import of Horner syndrome in internal carotid and vertebral artery dissection. (medscape.com)
Blood7
- The sound waves bounce off the blood vessels and form images or pictures of the insides of the arteries. (medlineplus.gov)
- This test checks blood flow in the carotid arteries. (medlineplus.gov)
- A normal result means there is no problem with the blood flow in the carotid arteries. (medlineplus.gov)
- An abnormal result means the artery may be narrowed, or something is changing the blood flow in the carotid arteries. (medlineplus.gov)
- Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. (bvsalud.org)
- Using minimally invasive techniques, surgeons open arteries to improve your blood flow to your hands, feet, and brain. (ascension.org)
- The abdominal aorta is a primary artery that carries blood from your heart to your abdomen and to the rest of your body. (ascension.org)
Disorders1
- Anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents are the drugs of choice (DOCs) to prevent thromboembolic disorders associated with vertebral artery dissection (VAD). (medscape.com)
Imaging4
- Comparison of carotid imaging methods. (medscape.com)
- The selection of an initial carotid imaging study remains controversial. (medscape.com)
- A complete medical history should be obtained before performing carotid imaging. (medscape.com)
- Carotid and vertebral artery dissections: three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography and MR imaging versus conventional angiography. (medscape.com)