Carotid Arteries
Carotid Artery Diseases
Carotid Artery, Internal
Carotid Artery, Common
The two principal arteries supplying the structures of the head and neck. They ascend in the neck, one on each side, and at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, each divides into two branches, the external (CAROTID ARTERY, EXTERNAL) and internal (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL) carotid arteries.
Carotid Stenosis
Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)
Carotid Artery, External
Endarterectomy, Carotid
Carotid Artery Thrombosis
Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection
Carotid Body
A small cluster of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The carotid body, which is richly supplied with fenestrated capillaries, senses the pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations in the blood and plays a crucial role in their homeostatic control.
Tunica Intima
Carotid Sinus
Tunica Media
The middle layer of blood vessel walls, composed principally of thin, cylindrical, smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue. It accounts for the bulk of the wall of most arteries. The smooth muscle cells are arranged in circular layers around the vessel, and the thickness of the coat varies with the size of the vessel.
Pulmonary Artery
Cerebral Angiography
Stents
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Vertebral Artery
Carotid Artery Injuries
Damages to the CAROTID ARTERIES caused either by blunt force or penetrating trauma, such as CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; THORACIC INJURIES; and NECK INJURIES. Damaged carotid arteries can lead to CAROTID ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; pseudoaneurysm formation; and INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION. (From Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1997, 18:251; J Trauma 1994, 37:473)
Basilar Artery
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Mesenteric Arteries
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)
Angioplasty, Balloon
Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Arteriosclerosis
Subclavian Artery
Endarterectomy
Angiography, Digital Subtraction
A method of delineating blood vessels by subtracting a tissue background image from an image of tissue plus intravascular contrast material that attenuates the X-ray photons. The background image is determined from a digitized image taken a few moments before injection of the contrast material. The resulting angiogram is a high-contrast image of the vessel. This subtraction technique allows extraction of a high-intensity signal from the superimposed background information. The image is thus the result of the differential absorption of X-rays by different tissues.
Angioplasty
Reconstruction or repair of a blood vessel, which includes the widening of a pathological narrowing of an artery or vein by the removal of atheromatous plaque material and/or the endothelial lining as well, or by dilatation (BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY) to compress an ATHEROMA. Except for ENDARTERECTOMY, usually these procedures are performed via catheterization as minimally invasive ENDOVASCULAR PROCEDURES.
Coronary Artery Bypass
Radial Artery
Iliac Artery
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)
Brain Ischemia
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Cerebrovascular Disorders
Brachial Artery
Catheterization
Risk Factors
Treatment Outcome
Middle Cerebral Artery
Ophthalmic Artery
Mammary Arteries
Aneurysm
Ultrasonography
Intracranial Embolism
Blood Flow Velocity
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with the superposition of flow information as colors on a gray scale in a real-time image. This type of ultrasonography is well-suited to identifying the location of high-velocity flow (such as in a stenosis) or of mapping the extent of flow in a certain region.
Atherosclerosis
Prospective Studies
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis
Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.
Intracranial Aneurysm
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (>2.5 cm in diameter) may compress adjacent structures, including the OCULOMOTOR NERVE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p841)
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial
A non-invasive technique using ultrasound for the measurement of cerebrovascular hemodynamics, particularly cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral collateral flow. With a high-intensity, low-frequency pulse probe, the intracranial arteries may be studied transtemporally, transorbitally, or from below the foramen magnum.
Circle of Willis
A polygonal anastomosis at the base of the brain formed by the internal carotid (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL), proximal parts of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries (ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), the anterior communicating artery and the posterior communicating arteries.
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).
Carotid Body Tumor
Temporal Arteries
Endothelium, Vascular
Cerebral Revascularization
Microsurgical revascularization to improve intracranial circulation. It usually involves joining the extracranial circulation to the intracranial circulation but may include extracranial revascularization (e.g., subclavian-vertebral artery bypass, subclavian-external carotid artery bypass). It is performed by joining two arteries (direct anastomosis or use of graft) or by free autologous transplantation of highly vascularized tissue to the surface of the brain.
Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis
Amaurosis Fugax
Vasodilation
Follow-Up Studies
Splenic Artery
Ultrasonography, Doppler
Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with frequency-shifted ultrasound reflections produced by moving targets (usually red blood cells) in the bloodstream along the ultrasound axis in direct proportion to the velocity of movement of the targets, to determine both direction and velocity of blood flow. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Retinal Artery Occlusion
Cavernous Sinus
Embolization, Therapeutic
A method of hemostasis utilizing various agents such as Gelfoam, silastic, metal, glass, or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli. It has been used in the treatment of spinal cord and INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, renal arteriovenous fistulas, gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hypersplenism, certain highly vascular tumors, traumatic rupture of blood vessels, and control of operative hemorrhage.
Constriction, Pathologic
Hyperplasia
Hepatic Artery
Retrospective Studies
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Predictive Value of Tests
In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.
Hemodynamics
Postoperative Complications
Celiac Artery
Jugular Veins
Vasoconstriction
Mesenteric Artery, Superior
A large vessel supplying the whole length of the small intestine except the superior part of the duodenum. It also supplies the cecum and the ascending part of the colon and about half the transverse part of the colon. It arises from the anterior surface of the aorta below the celiac artery at the level of the first lumbar vertebra.
Umbilical Arteries
Rabbits
Severity of Illness Index
Renal Artery Obstruction
Disease Models, Animal
Compliance
Pulsatile Flow
Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation
Aneurysm, False
Not an aneurysm but a well-defined collection of blood and CONNECTIVE TISSUE outside the wall of a blood vessel or the heart. It is the containment of a ruptured blood vessel or heart, such as sealing a rupture of the left ventricle. False aneurysm is formed by organized THROMBUS and HEMATOMA in surrounding tissue.
Brachiocephalic Trunk
Risk Assessment
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
An idiopathic, segmental, nonatheromatous disease of the musculature of arterial walls, leading to STENOSIS of small and medium-sized arteries. There is true proliferation of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS and fibrous tissue. Fibromuscular dysplasia lesions are smooth stenosis and occur most often in the renal and carotid arteries. They may also occur in other peripheral arteries of the extremity.
Aorta, Thoracic
Thoracic Arteries
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Dogs
Coronary Angiography
Coronary Disease
Collateral Circulation
Sensitivity and Specificity
Maxillary Artery
Bronchial Arteries
Popliteal Artery
Neointima
Hypertension
Embolism
Ulnar Artery
Gerbillinae
Blood Vessel Prosthesis
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Cranial Nerve Injuries
Embolic Protection Devices
Reproducibility of Results
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
Uterine Artery
Aneurysm, Ruptured
Chemoreceptor Cells
Doppler Effect
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Axillary Artery
Horner Syndrome
A syndrome associated with defective sympathetic innervation to one side of the face, including the eye. Clinical features include MIOSIS; mild BLEPHAROPTOSIS; and hemifacial ANHIDROSIS (decreased sweating)(see HYPOHIDROSIS). Lesions of the BRAIN STEM; cervical SPINAL CORD; first thoracic nerve root; apex of the LUNG; CAROTID ARTERY; CAVERNOUS SINUS; and apex of the ORBIT may cause this condition. (From Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, pp500-11)
Pressoreceptors
Cerebral Arterial Diseases
Neck Injuries
Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency
Localized or diffuse reduction in blood flow through the vertebrobasilar arterial system, which supplies the BRAIN STEM; CEREBELLUM; OCCIPITAL LOBE; medial TEMPORAL LOBE; and THALAMUS. Characteristic clinical features include SYNCOPE; lightheadedness; visual disturbances; and VERTIGO. BRAIN STEM INFARCTIONS or other BRAIN INFARCTION may be associated.
Rats, Wistar
Stress, Mechanical
Aneurysm, Dissecting
Aneurysm caused by a tear in the TUNICA INTIMA of a blood vessel leading to interstitial HEMORRHAGE, and splitting (dissecting) of the vessel wall, often involving the AORTA. Dissection between the intima and media causes luminal occlusion. Dissection at the media, or between the media and the outer adventitia causes aneurismal dilation.
Acetylcholine
Models, Cardiovascular
Intraoperative Complications
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Homopolymer of tetrafluoroethylene. Nonflammable, tough, inert plastic tubing or sheeting; used to line vessels, insulate, protect or lubricate apparatus; also as filter, coating for surgical implants or as prosthetic material. Synonyms: Fluoroflex; Fluoroplast; Ftoroplast; Halon; Polyfene; PTFE; Tetron.
Rupture, Spontaneous
Moyamoya Disease
A noninflammatory, progressive occlusion of the intracranial CAROTID ARTERIES and the formation of netlike collateral arteries arising from the CIRCLE OF WILLIS. Cerebral angiogram shows the puff-of-smoke (moyamoya) collaterals at the base of the brain. It is characterized by endothelial HYPERPLASIA and FIBROSIS with thickening of arterial walls. This disease primarily affects children but can also occur in adults.
Myocardial Infarction
Observer Variation
The failure by the observer to measure or identify a phenomenon accurately, which results in an error. Sources for this may be due to the observer's missing an abnormality, or to faulty technique resulting in incorrect test measurement, or to misinterpretation of the data. Two varieties are inter-observer variation (the amount observers vary from one another when reporting on the same material) and intra-observer variation (the amount one observer varies between observations when reporting more than once on the same material).
Hemorheology
Aorta, Abdominal
Vasomotor System
Myocytes, Smooth Muscle
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.
Acetazolamide
One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)
Anastomosis, Surgical
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Polyethylene Terephthalates
Feasibility Studies
Takayasu Arteritis
A chronic inflammatory process that affects the AORTA and its primary branches, such as the brachiocephalic artery (BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK) and CAROTID ARTERIES. It results in progressive arterial stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation. The pulse in the arm is hard to detect. Patients with aortitis syndrome often exhibit retinopathy.
Biological Markers
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
Endovascular Procedures
Nitric Oxide
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
Disease Progression
Vertebral Artery Dissection
Splitting of the vessel wall in the VERTEBRAL ARTERY. Interstitial hemorrhage into the media of the vessel wall can lead to occlusion of the vertebral artery, aneurysm formation, or THROMBOEMBOLISM. Vertebral artery dissection is often associated with TRAUMA and injuries to the head-neck region but can occur spontaneously.
Age Factors
Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.
Cranial Nerve Diseases
Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula
An acquired or spontaneous abnormality in which there is communication between CAVERNOUS SINUS, a venous structure, and the CAROTID ARTERIES. It is often associated with HEAD TRAUMA, specifically basilar skull fractures (SKULL FRACTURE, BASILAR). Clinical signs often include VISION DISORDERS and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION.
Monitoring, Intraoperative
Patient Selection
Arteriovenous Fistula
An abnormal direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. An A-V fistula usually leads to the formation of a dilated sac-like connection, arteriovenous aneurysm. The locations and size of the shunts determine the degree of effects on the cardiovascular functions such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEART RATE.
Cohort Studies
Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.
Pulse
Cervical Plexus
A network of nerve fibers originating in the upper four CERVICAL SPINAL CORD segments. The cervical plexus distributes cutaneous nerves to parts of the neck, shoulders, and back of the head. It also distributes motor fibers to muscles of the cervical SPINAL COLUMN, infrahyoid muscles, and the DIAPHRAGM.
Mastication steal: an unusual precipitant of cerebrovascular insufficiency. (1/215)
An 83-year-old man had episodic dizziness, visual disturbance, and facial and extremity weakness associated with eating. Occlusion of the ipsilateral common carotid artery and stenosis or occlusion of the major collateral sources were demonstrated. We believe this anatomic configuration, combined with increases in demand for external carotid artery blood flow necessitated by the act of chewing, resulted in a vascular steal syndrome. An extended carotid endarterectomy was performed, and there were no additional episodes. (+info)Apoptosis and Bcl-xs in the intimal thickening of balloon-injured carotid arteries. (2/215)
We performed balloon injury in the rat carotid artery and identified intimal thickening after injury. Balloon-injured carotid arteries showed maximum thickness of the neointima on the 14th day before complete endothelial cell regeneration. In this lesion we identified apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by in situ DNA labelling and electron microscopy in the neointima on the 14th day after injury. mRNA expression levels of bcl-2, bax, bcl-x, p53 and caspase-1 were determined by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method both in injured and uninjured carotid arteries. Neither bcl-2 nor bcl-xl mRNA expression was detected in either injured or uninjured arteries, whereas bax and p53 mRNA expression was identified and their mRNA levels were not altered after balloon injury. In contrast, both bcl-xs and caspase-1 mRNA was detected and was markedly induced only in the injured carotid artery. Positive staining for immunoreactive Bcl-x was observed specifically in the injured arterial wall and co-localized with positive staining of nuclei identified by in situ DNA labelling. We conclude that two opposite cellular responses, VSMC proliferation and apoptosis, exist together in the neointima of the rat carotid artery after balloon injury, and selective induction of Bcl-xs expression is a key regulator of VSMC apoptosis in the process of vascular remodelling. (+info)Recently occluded intracranial and extracranial carotid arteries. Relevance of the unstable atherosclerotic plaque. (3/215)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It is now widely accepted that thrombotic coronary artery occlusion usually follows rupture of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque. The significance of such instability in arteries supplying the brain is less well appreciated. We therefore describe the clinical and pathological features of recent, symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion to examine the pathogenetic role of plaque instability at both extracranial and intracranial sites. METHODS: Cases were selected from a consecutive series of 188 adult neuropathology autopsies. In 90 of these, the principal neuropathological abnormality was cerebral infarction, in 14 cases due to recent occlusion of 1 or more segments of the internal carotid artery. In each case, a full systemic, cardiovascular, and neuropathological autopsy was performed. Plaque instability was assessed by the presence or absence of a large, necrotic, lipid core; a thin, fibrous cap; and superficial inflammation. RESULTS: Of the 14 cases, 3 showed extracranial (carotid sinus), 7 intracranial, and 4 both extracranial and intracranial carotid artery occlusion. In 6 of the 7 occluded carotid sinuses, thrombus overlay an ulcerated, unstable, atherosclerotic plaque. In 1 extracranial and all 11 intracranial occlusions, there was either no atheroma or a mildly stenotic, stable, fibrous plaque, and in these cases, the cause of occlusion was embolism (8 cases), giant-cell arteritis (1 case), and unknown (3 cases). CONCLUSIONS: Coronary-type rupture of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque is the usual cause of fatal occlusion of the carotid sinus, but other causes usually underlie intracranial carotid occlusion. The nature and consequences of intracranial atherosclerosis require further study. (+info)Summation of dynamic transfer characteristics of left and right carotid sinus baroreflexes in rabbits. (4/215)
Although interactions among parallel negative-feedback baroreflex systems have been extensively investigated with respect to their steady-state responses, the dynamic interactions remain unknown. In anesthetized, vagotomized, and aortic-denervated rabbits, we perturbed isolated intracarotid sinus pressure (CSP) unilaterally or bilaterally around the physiological operating pressure according to binary white noise. The neural arc transfer function from CSP to cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and the peripheral arc transfer function from SNA to aortic pressure were estimated. The gain values of the neural arc at 0.01 Hz estimated by the left (L) and right (R) CSP perturbations were 0.94 +/- 0.31 and 0.96 +/- 0.25, respectively. The gain value increased to 2.17 +/- 0.97 during the bilateral identical CSP perturbation and was not significantly different from L + R. The phase values of the neural arc did not differ among protocols. No significant differences were observed in the peripheral arc transfer functions among protocols. We conclude that summation of the dynamic transfer characteristics of the bilateral carotid sinus baroreflexes around the physiological operating pressure approximates simple addition. (+info)Tentorial meningioma encroaching the transverse sinuses and sigmoid sinus junction area associated with dural arteriovenous fistulous malformation: a case report. (5/215)
A 62-year-old woman was evaluated for tinnitis and headache. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography revealed the coexistence of a tentorial tumor encroaching the junction of the right transverse-sigmoid sinuses, and dural arteriovenous fistulous malformation (AVFM) of the right transverse sinus. AVFM was not manipulated at all during the surgery. The pathology was fibroblastic meningioma. Postoperatively, the dural AVFM completely disappeared on follow-up angiography. The fistulas were occluded also after surgery, even though there was no manipulation of the AVFM. It is suggested that the right dominant transverse-sigmoid sinuses are partially occluded by tentorial meningioma, developing the dural arteriovenous fistula of the right transverse sinus. An acquired origin of the dural AVFM was suggested in this case. (+info)External carotid endarterectomy with patch angioplasty using internal jugular vein--two case reports. (6/215)
A 59-year-old male and a 74-year-old male presented with occlusion of the right internal carotid artery and stenosis at the origin of the ipsilateral external carotid artery manifesting as cerebral ischemia. External carotid endarterectomy with patch angioplasty using the internal jugular vein was performed. Special care was taken to obliterate the stump of the carotid artery using a Weck clip in one case and plication with non-absorbable sutures in the other. Cerebral blood flow in the affected hemisphere was increased after surgery and the patients remained asymptomatic. External carotid endarterectomy has several special aspects such as patch angioplasty and elimination of the stump which must be understood. (+info)Grading internal carotid artery stenosis using B-mode ultrasound (in vivo study) (7/215)
OBJECTIVE: to determine the value of percentage area and diameter reduction in grading ICA stenosis using colour-coded B-mode transverse ultrasonic images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: measurement of the percentage area and diameter reduction of the common carotid, external carotid and internal carotid (at the point of maximum stenosis) were performed, using duplex scanning with colour-flow imaging preoperatively, in 33 patients (six patients were excluded). The duplex measurements were compared to the percentage area and diameter reduction from transverse section of the specimens. Peak systolic (PSV) and end-diastolic velocities (EDV) were measured at the proximal CCA and ICA within the jet of turbulence. A mm scale was placed next to the specimen block, which was captured by video. The area reduction was measured by playing the video and using the same duplex software. RESULTS: linear-regression analysis of the percentage area reduction of the in vivo against the specimen measurements showed a good linear relationship (r=0.9047). The in vivo duplex measurements had 95% confidence interval (CI) of 8% (95% CI of diameter reduction 5%). CONCLUSION: using the gold standard of fixed histological endarterectomy specimen, the results indicate that transverse image obtained with colour B-mode imaging is more appropriate in determining the degree of stenosis. (+info)Axillary-to-carotid artery bypass grafting for symptomatic severe common carotid artery occlusive disease. (8/215)
PURPOSE: Revascularization of the internal or external carotid arteries is occasionally indicated for symptomatic atherosclerotic common carotid artery occlusion or long-segment high-grade stenosis beginning at its origin. I report the outcome of axillary artery-based bypass grafts to the distal common, internal, or external carotid arteries. METHODS: Between 1981 and 1997, 29 axillary-to-carotid bypass grafting procedures were performed on 28 patients, 15 men and 13 women, with a mean age of 68 years. Indications were transient ischemia in nine patients, amaurosis fugax in four patients, completed stroke in six patients, and nonlateralizing global ischemia in nine patients. Twenty-three common carotid arteries were totally occluded, and six had long-segment stenosis of 90% or greater beginning at the origin. Saphenous vein grafts were used in 25 procedures, and synthetic grafts were used in four. Grafts were placed to 13 internal, eight distal common, and eight external carotid arteries. RESULTS: There were no perioperative deaths; one stroke occurred (3.4%). No lymphatic or peripheral nerve complications occurred. In a 1- to 11-year follow-up period (mean, 4.5 years), there were no graft occlusions, one restenosis of 50% or greater, and two restenoses of 70% or greater. The 1-year stenosis-free rate for 50% or greater stenosis was 93%, and the 5- and 10-year rates were 87%. No late ipsilateral strokes occurred. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 64% and 28%, respectively. Coronary artery disease was the major cause of late mortality. CONCLUSION: Axillary-to-carotid bypass grafting for severe symptomatic common carotid occlusive disease is safe, well tolerated, durable, and effective in stroke prevention. There is a high late mortality rate because of coronary artery disease in patients with severe proximal common carotid occlusive disease. (+info)
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Maxillary Artery Branches, Anatomy & Function | Body Maps
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labeled) Branches of external carotid artery *. Side effects of nicotine *. Thyroid hormone synthesis ...
Tympanic cavity
Internal carotid artery. Auditory ossicles. Tympanic cavity. Deep dissection. This article incorporates text in the public ... On its lateral surface, it abuts the external auditory meatus [ ear canal ] from which it is separated by the tympanic membrane ... The anterior wall (or carotid wall) is wider above than below; it corresponds with the carotid canal, from which it is ... and by the deep petrosal nerve which connects the sympathetic plexus on the internal carotid artery with the tympanic plexus on ...
Submandibular triangle
... are the submental artery and the mylohyoid artery and nerve. The posterior part of this triangle contains the external carotid ... The external and internal carotid artery 2. The internal jugular vein 3. The deep cervical lymph nodes 4. The 10th cranial ... more deeply are the internal carotid, the internal jugular vein, and the vagus nerve, separated from the external carotid by ... the external carotid, being crossed by the facial nerve, and gives off in its course the posterior auricular, superficial ...
Sublingual administration
These arteries are both branches of the external carotid artery. The sublingual vein drains into the lingual vein, which then ... which are branches of the lingual artery and facial artery, respectively. ... The sublingual glands receive their primary blood supply from the sublingual and submental arteries, ...
Cerebrovascular disease
The common carotid artery divides into the internal and the external carotid arteries. The internal carotid artery becomes the ... Dissections within the carotid arteries or vertebral arteries may compromise blood flow to the brain due to thrombosis, and ... From the basilar artery are two posterior cerebral arteries. Branches of the basilar and PCA supply the occipital lobe, brain ... The carotid arteries cover the majority of the cerebrum. ... Arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the brain are often ...
Ocular ischemic syndrome
... internal carotid artery, and less frequently the external carotid artery. Other causes include: Takayasu's arteritis Giant cell ... The retinal arteries may show spontaneous pulsations. If carotid occlusive disease results in ophthalmic artery occlusion, ... Retinal artery occlusion (such as central retinal artery occlusion or branch retinal artery occlusion) leads to rapid death of ... "Ocular ischemic syndrome after occlusion of both external carotid arteries". Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology. 25 (4): 268-72. ...
Nosebleed
More rarely the maxillary or a branch of the external carotid artery can be ligated. The bleeding can also be stopped by intra- ... External links[edit]. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nosebleeds.. *National Library of Medicine - Describes causes, ... These blood vessels include the sphenopalatine, anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries. ...
Conjunctiva
The blood supply to the palpebral conjunctiva (the eyelid) is derived from the external carotid artery. However, the ... conjunctival and palpebral conjunctival vessels are supplied by both the ophthalmic artery and the external carotid artery, to ... Carotid artery occlusion is associated with slower conjunctival blood flow and apparent capillary loss.[3] ... PAVLOU AT; WOLFF HG (1959-07-01). "THe bulbar conjunctival vessels in occlusion of the internal carotid artery". Archives of ...
Nosebleed
More rarely the maxillary or a branch of the external carotid artery can be ligated. The bleeding can also be stopped by intra- ... Vascular Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease) Angioma Aneurysm of the carotid artery The nasal ... These blood vessels include the sphenopalatine, anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries. ... nosebleeds generally occur from Kiesselbach's plexus while posterior bleeds generally occur from the sphenopalatine artery. The ...
Human head
These supply the area outside of the skull (external carotid artery) and inside of the skull (internal carotid artery). The ... The head receives blood supply through the internal and external carotid arteries. ... area inside the skull also receives blood supply from the vertebral arteries, which travel up through the cervical vertebrae. ...
Lip
The facial artery is one of the six non-terminal branches of the external carotid artery. This artery supplies both lips by its ...
Jugular vein
The internal jugular runs with the common carotid artery and vagus nerve inside the carotid sheath. It provides venous drainage ... There are two sets of jugular veins: external and internal. The left and right external jugular veins drain into the subclavian ... The external jugular vein runs superficially to sternocleidomastoid. There is also another minor jugular vein, the anterior ...
Stylohyoid muscle
The stylohyoid muscle has vascular supply from the lingual artery, a branch of the external carotid artery. A branch of the ... It may be absent or doubled, lie beneath the carotid artery, or be inserted into the omohyoid, or mylohyoid muscles. The ... Superficial dissection of the right side of the neck, showing the carotid and subclavian arteries. Extrinsic muscles of the ...
Ludwig Tolumov and Ivan Serafimov
However, Useinova had miraculously survived, the blade from the knife just barely missing her external carotid artery. After ...
Thromboxane receptor
... resistant to the vascular damage caused by balloon catheter-induced injury of the external carotid artery; e) less likely to ... SNP variant rs768963 in TBX2R was associated with increased frequency of large artery atherosclerosis, small artery occlusion, ... studies on rat and human cerebral artery preparations indicate that increased blood flow through these arteries triggers ... Toth P, Rozsa B, Springo Z, Doczi T, Koller A (2011). "Isolated human and rat cerebral arteries constrict to increases in flow ...
Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc syndrome
... ligation of the ophthalmic artery, and selective arterial ligature of the external carotid artery. Notably, the patient did not ... Category three refers to malformations so severe that their dilated vessels no longer distinguish between artery and vein, and ... is when the patient's malformation is missing a connecting capillary between an artery and a vein; without it, edema, ...
Crown (anatomy)
The superficial temporal artery branches from the common external carotid artery and delivers oxygenated blood to the crown. ...
Tongue
The tongue receives its blood supply primarily from the lingual artery, a branch of the external carotid artery. The lingual ... The lingual artery is a good place to stop severe hemorrhage from the tongue. Innervation of the tongue consists of motor ... The floor of the mouth also receives its blood supply from the lingual artery. There is also a secondary blood supply to the ... root of tongue from the tonsillar branch of the facial artery and the ascending pharyngeal artery. An area in the neck ...
Genioglossus
Blood is supplied to the sublingual branch of the lingual artery, a branch of the external carotid artery. The canine ...
Aortic arches
A remnant of the 1st arch forms part of the maxillary artery, a branch of the external carotid artery. The ventral end of the ... It contributes to the common carotid artery and the proximal portion of the internal carotid artery. Also known as the systemic ... the terminal part of which anastomoses with the external carotid artery. On the obliteration of the stapedial artery, this ... The third aortic arch constitutes the commencement of the internal carotid artery, and is therefore named the carotid arch. ...
Internal auditory meatus
Internal carotid artery. External auditory meatus This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 143 of the 20th ... and the labyrinthine artery (an internal auditory branch of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery in 85% of people) can pass ...
Guttural pouch
The external carotid artery passes ventral to the medial compartment before crossing to the lateral wall of the lateral ... Odd-toed perrisodactyls such as horses lack a carotid rete, but since the internal carotid artery passes through the guttural ... near the internal carotid artery. Clinical signs include unilateral or bilateral epistaxis due to erosion of the artery walls, ... nasal bleeding caused by damage to the internal carotid artery; with vagus nerve involvement there may be laryngeal hemiplegia ...
Vein
The first mention of carotid artery hypersensitivity". International Journal of Cardiology. 134 (3): 297-301. doi:10.1016/j. ... External linksEdit. Look up vein in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.. *Merck Manual article on veins ... The difference between veins and arteries is their direction of flow (out of the heart by arteries, returning to the heart for ... The Greek physician, Herophilus, distinguished veins from arteries but thought that the pulse was a property of arteries ...
Lip reconstruction
The muscles and overlying skin are supplied by branches of the external carotid artery (the facial artery and Superior labial ... It is based on a main artery of the orbicularis oris, the labial artery. A portion of the uninvolved lip (either upper or lower ... After 10-14 days, the blood supply of the flap has been established to the point where the artery can be divided. The Abbe flap ... Superficial defects involve the skin and vermilion, and leave the underlying muscles, nerves and arteries undisturbed. Deep/ ...
Nasal cavity
Blood supply comes from branches of both the internal and external carotid artery, including branches of the facial artery and ... The named arteries of the nose are: Sphenopalatine artery and greater palatine artery, branches of the maxillary artery. ... Anterior ethmoidal artery and posterior ethmoidal artery, branches of the ophthalmic artery Septal branches of the superior ... labial artery, a branch of the facial artery, which supplies the vestibule of the nasal cavity. Innervation of the nasal cavity ...
Submandibular ganglion
In summary, the fibers carried in the ganglion are: Sympathetic fibers from the external carotid plexus, via the facial artery ...
Glossary of medicine
... they divide in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries. Carotid artery, external - The external carotid ... External carotid artery - External iliac artery - External iliac vein - External jugular vein - Eye - Eye surgery - Contents: A ... Carotid artery, common - In anatomy, the left and right common carotid arteries (carotids) ) are arteries that supply the head ... Common carotid artery - In anatomy, the left and right common carotid arteries (carotids) ) are arteries that supply the head ...
Ear
The posterior auricular artery is a direct branch of the external carotid artery, and the anterior auricular arteries are ... ascending pharyngeal artery, internal carotid artery, and the artery of the pterygoid canal. The inner ear is supplied by the ... and the labyrinthine artery, arising from either the anterior inferior cerebellar artery or the basilar artery. Sound waves ... The posterior auricular artery provides the majority of the blood supply. The anterior auricular arteries provide some supply ...
Head and neck anatomy
The left common carotid artery divides to form the: internal carotid artery (ICA) and an external carotid artery (ECA). The ICA ... The brachiocephalic artery or trunk is the first and largest artery that branches to form the right common carotid artery and ... The left subclavian artery and the right subclavian artery, one on each side of the body form the internal thoracic artery, the ... The right and left vertebral artery feed into the basilar artery and upward to the Posterior cerebral artery, which provides ...
Chiropractic
Chung CL, Côté P, Stern P, L'espérance G (2014). "The Association Between Cervical Spine Manipulation and Carotid Artery ... Throughout its history chiropractic has been the subject of internal and external controversy and criticism.[21][223] According ... The incidence of internal carotid artery dissection following cervical spine manipulation is unknown.[151] The literature ... There is very low evidence supporting a small association between internal carotid artery dissection and chiropractic neck ...
血管 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
彈性動脈為管徑最大的動脈,通常離開心臟不遠,如主動脈、胸主動脈(thoracic aorta)、腹主動脈(abdominal aorta)、鎖骨下動脈(subclavian artery)、總頸動脈(common carotid artery)。其所承受 ... Tunica media:主體由環形排列的平滑肌細胞組成。彈性纖維板不發達,僅在最內與最外層形成明顯彎曲狀的內
Intermittent claudication
Coronary artery aneurysm. *head / neck *Intracranial aneurysm. *Intracranial berry aneurysm. *Carotid artery dissection ... 9 External links. Signs[edit]. One of the hallmarks of arterial claudication is that it occurs intermittently. It disappears ... "Edinburgh Artery Study: prevalence of asymptomatic and symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the general population". Int ... It is classically associated with early-stage peripheral artery disease, and can progress to critical limb ischemia unless ...
Parrot
... a different arrangement of the carotid arteries, a gall bladder, differences in the skull bones, and lack the Dyck texture ... 9 External links. Taxonomy. Origins and evolution. Fossil dentary specimen UCMP 143274 restored as a parrot (left) or an ...
Kosmos 1514
Two Rhesus monkeys were flown into orbit implanted with sensors to permit monitoring of carotid artery blood flow. Additionally ... 5 External links. Mission[edit]. ...
Strepsirrhini
Neck arteriesEdit. Both lorisoids and cheirogaleid lemurs have replaced the internal carotid artery with an enlarged ascending ... "On the external characters of the lemurs and of Tarsius". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1918: 19-53. doi ... pharyngeal artery.[94]. Ankle bonesEdit. Strepsirrhines also possess distinctive features in their tarsus (ankle bones) that ...
Hypertensive kidney disease
Coronary artery aneurysm. *head / neck *Intracranial aneurysm. *Intracranial berry aneurysm. *Carotid artery dissection ... 11 External links. Signs and symptoms[edit]. Signs and symptoms of chronic kidney disease, including loss of appetite, nausea, ... Bilateral renal artery stenosis should always be considered as a differential diagnosis for the presentation of HN. Kidney ... This leads to a build-up of plaques and they can be deposited in the renal arteries causing stenosis and ischemic kidney ...
Intravenous therapy
Surrounding structures such as the pleura and carotid artery are also at risk of damage with the potential for pneumothorax or ... This is usually done by measuring the distance to an external landmark, such as the suprasternal notch, to estimate the optimal ... One reason veins are preferred over arteries for intravascular administration is because the flow will pass through the lungs ... is a central venous line that does not have an external connector; instead, it has a small reservoir that is covered with ...
Tachycardia
Coronary artery disease (CAD). *Coronary artery aneurysm. *Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) ... External links[edit]. Classification. D. *ICD-10: I47-I49, R00.0. *ICD-9-CM: 427, 785.0 ...
Common ostrich
... a network of arteries originating from the ophthalmic artery. The ophthalmic rete is analogous to the carotid rete found in ... The feathers lack the tiny hooks that lock together the smooth external feathers of flying birds, and so are soft and fluffy ... The interatrial artery of the ostrich is small in size and exclusively supplies blood to only part of the left auricle and ... The coronary arteries start in the right and left aortic sinus and provide blood to the heart muscle in a similar fashion to ...
Vitamin D toxicity
Evidence suggests that dietary vitamin D may be carried by lipoprotein particles into cells of the artery wall and ... Higher levels of calcidiol positively correlate with aorta and carotid calcified atherosclerotic plaque in African Americans ... 6 External links. Signs and symptoms[edit]. An excess of vitamin D causes abnormally high blood concentrations of calcium, ... "Vitamin D and osteogenic differentiation in the artery wall". Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 3 (5): ...
Hypertensive emergency
Coronary artery aneurysm. *head / neck *Intracranial aneurysm. *Intracranial berry aneurysm. *Carotid artery dissection ... All articles with dead external links. *Articles with dead external links from June 2016 ... leading to pathologic changes in the small arteries of the kidney. Affected arteries develop endothelial dysfunction and ... preexisting diabetes or coronary artery disease, mental illness, and sedentary lifestyle.[3] Several studies have concluded ...
Tongue
The tongue receives its blood supply primarily from the lingual artery, a branch of the external carotid artery. The lingual ... The floor of the mouth also receives its blood supply from the lingual artery.[5] There is also a secondary blood supply to the ... root of tongue from the tonsillar branch of the facial artery and the ascending pharyngeal artery. ... The lingual artery is a good place to stop severe hemorrhage from the tongue. ...
Homeostasis
... by stretch receptors in the walls of the aortic arch and carotid sinuses at beginnings of the internal carotid arteries.[13] ... External links[edit]. Look up homeostasis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.. Wikimedia Commons has media related to ... in the carotid artery and aortic arch. A change in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is detected as altered pH in the ... at the beginning of the internal carotid artery) monitor the arterial blood pressure.[46] Rising pressure is detected when the ...
Mylohyoid muscle
Artery. Mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar artery and submental artery of facial artery. ... External links[edit]. *. "Anatomy diagram: 25420.000-1". Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator. Elsevier. Archived from the ...
Cadaver
Fluid can be injected into the arterial system (typically through the carotid or femoral arteries), the main body cavities, ... External links[edit]. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Human corpses.. Look up cadaver, corpse, or lich in Wiktionary, ... Erasistratus also discovered and distinguished between many details within the veins and arteries of the human body. Herophilus ... "A study on radial artery in cadavers and its clinical importance" (PDF). International Journal of Medical Research & Health ...
Inferior thyroid artery
The ascending cervical artery is a small branch which arises from the inferior thyroid artery as it passes behind the carotid ... External links[edit]. *lesson5 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (antthyroidgland) ... ACA (anterior communicating, Recurrent artery of Heubner, Orbitofrontal artery). *MCA (anterolateral central, Prefrontal artery ... The inferior thyroid artery is an artery in the neck. It arises from the thyrocervical trunk and passes upward, in front of the ...
Sperm whale
There is no costocervical artery. There is no direct connection between the internal carotid artery and the vessels of the ... External links. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Physeter macrocephalus.. Wikispecies has information related to Physeter ... The arteries that leave the aortic arch are positioned symmetrically. ...
Hypoxia (medical)
In humans, hypoxia is detected by the peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid body and aortic body, with the carotid body ... to an extent that parallels the degree to which resting mean pulmonary artery pressure is elevated. Although the severity of ... 10 External links. Generalized hypoxia[edit]. The symptoms of generalized hypoxia depend on its severity and acceleration of ...
Secondary hypertension
Coronary artery aneurysm. *head / neck *Intracranial aneurysm. *Intracranial berry aneurysm. *Carotid artery dissection ... 4 External links. Types[edit]. Kidney[edit]. Renovascular hypertension[edit]. It has two main causes: fibromuscular dysplasia ... Kidney disease / renal artery stenosis - the normal physiological response to low blood pressure in the renal arteries is to ... Voiculescu A, Rump LC (January 2009). "[Hypertension in patients with renal artery stenosis]". Der Internist (in German). 50 (1 ...
Aorta
Left common carotid artery. Left subclavian artery. Descending aorta, thoracic part: Left bronchial arteries. esophageal ... External linksEdit. *. The dictionary definition of aorta at Wiktionary. *. Media related to Aorta at Wikimedia Commons ... Inferior phrenic arteries. Lumbar arteries. Median sacral artery. Visceral branches:. Celiac trunk. Middle suprarenal arteries ... For example, the left vertebral artery may arise from the aorta, instead of the left common carotid artery.[9]:188 ...
Epinephrine (medication)
... and carotid circulation pressure, it lowers carotid blood flow and end-tidal CO2 or ETCO2 levels. It appears that epinephrine ... Coronary arteries have only β2 receptors, which cause vasodilation in the presence of adrenaline.[35] Even so, administering ... External links[edit]. *U.S. National Library of Medicine: Drug Information Portal - Epinephrine ... Although it is commonly believed that administration of adrenaline may cause heart failure by constricting coronary arteries, ...
Internal carotid artery
They arise from the common carotid arteries where these bifurcate into the internal and external carotid arteries at cervical ... the external carotid artery. The cervical segment, or C1, or cervical part of the internal carotid, extends from the carotid ... the internal carotid artery is somewhat dilated. This part of the artery is known as the carotid sinus or the carotid bulb. The ... Unlike the external carotid artery, the internal carotid normally has no branches in the neck. The petrous segment, or C2, of ...
Vertebral artery dissection
The other type, carotid artery dissection, involves the carotid arteries. Vertebral artery dissection is further classified as ... 12 External links. *13 See also. Classification[edit]. Vertebral artery dissection is one of the two types of dissection of the ... Vertebral artery dissection is less common than carotid artery dissection (dissection of the large arteries in the front of the ... or for symptoms of carotid artery dissection to occur at the same time as those of vertebral artery dissection.[2] Some give a ...
Intracranial aneurysm
Internal carotid artery. *Tip of basilar artery. Saccular aneurysms tend to have a lack of tunica media and elastic lamina ... External links[edit]. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cerebral aneurysms.. *National Institute of Neurological Disorders ... Aneurysms in the posterior circulation (basilar artery, vertebral arteries and posterior communicating artery) have a higher ... On the other hand, smooth muscle cells from the tunica media layer of the artery moved into the tunica intima, where the ...
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Carotid artery stenosis. *cerebral: MCA. *ACA. *Amaurosis fugax. *Moyamoya disease. POCI. *precerebral: Anterior spinal artery ... 10 External links. Signs and symptoms[edit]. People with intracerebral bleeding have symptoms that correspond to the functions ...
Medulla oblongata
Direct branches of the vertebral artery: The vertebral artery supplies an area between the other two main arteries, including ... External linksEdit. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Medulla oblongata.. *Stained brain slice images which include the " ... The control of ventilation via signals from the carotid and aortic bodies. Respiration is regulated by groups of chemoreceptors ... Blood to the medulla is supplied by a number of arteries.. *Anterior spinal artery: This supplies the whole medial part of the ...
Trachea
To its sides run the carotid arteries and inferior thyroid arteries; and to its sides on its back surface run the recurrent ... One cause of narrowing is tracheomalacia, which is the tendency for the trachea to collapse when there is increased external ... To the front left lie the large blood vessels the aortic arch and its branches the left common carotid artery and the ... These arteries join (anastamoses) with ascending branches of the bronchial arteries, which are direct branches from the aorta, ...
Blood vessel
common carotid. *External carotid. *Internal carotid. *Carotid body. *Carotid sinus. *Carotid bifurcation ... ACA (anterior communicating, Recurrent artery of Heubner, Orbitofrontal artery). *MCA (anterolateral central, Prefrontal artery ... The arteries and veins have three layers. The middle layer is thicker in the arteries than it is in the veins: *The inner layer ... In all arteries apart from the pulmonary artery, hemoglobin is highly saturated (95-100%) with oxygen. In all veins apart from ...
External carotid artery | anatomy | Britannica.com
... carotid artery: The external carotid artery ascends through the upper part of the side of the neck and behind the lower jaw ... The external carotid artery gives off the following branches: (1) superior thyroid to the larynx and… ... Other articles where External carotid artery is discussed: ... In carotid artery. The external carotid artery ascends through ... The external carotid artery gives off the following branches: (1) superior thyroid to the larynx and… ...
External Carotid Artery and Its Branches.wmv - YouTube
How to remember branches of External Carotid Artery?. a. Visual mnemonics. b. Textual mnemonics. c. Brief description. d. ... Stroke Prevention: New Carotid Artery Treatment , El Camino Hospital - Duration: 6:31. El Camino Hospital 61,675 views ... External Carotid Branches - 3D Anatomy Tutorial - Duration: 8:21. AnatomyZone 427,883 views ... Carotid Body and Carotid Sinus ( Anatomy , Functions , Clinical application ) Medical animation - Duration: 2:50. Dr.G.Bhanu ...
External Carotid Artery Branches, Anatomy & Function | Body Maps
There is one external carotid artery on the right side of the neck and one on the left side of the neck. ... The external carotid arteries supply oxygenated blood to the head region. ... facial artery, superior thyroid artery, and maxillary artery all branch off from the external carotid artery. These arteries ... The external carotid arteries supply oxygenated blood to the head region. There is one external carotid artery on the right ...
External carotid artery - Wikipedia
It arises from the common carotid artery when it splits into the external and internal carotid artery. External carotid artery ... Branches of external carotid artery Magnetic Resonance Angiography "Carotid artery". WebMD. Retrieved 28 July 2015. Human ... In children, the external carotid artery is somewhat smaller than the internal carotid; but in the adult, the two vessels are ... The external carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck. ...
ANEURYSM OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY TREATED BY LIGATURE OF COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN | The BMJ
ANEURYSM OF EXTERNAL.... *ANEURYSM OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY TREATED BY LIGATURE OF COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL JUGULAR ... ANEURYSM OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY TREATED BY LIGATURE OF COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN Br Med J 1921; 1 : ... ANEURYSM OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY TREATED BY LIGATURE OF COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN. Br Med J 1921; 1 ... ANEURYSM OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY TREATED BY LIGATURE OF COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN ...
Super-Selective Arteriography of the External Carotid Artery | SpringerLink
Tumours Supplied by the External Carotid Artery Super-Selective Injection of the External Carotid Artery in the Investigation ... Arteria carotis externa Carotid Artery External Carotid Artery Hirngeschwulst Zerebralangiographie angiography Authors and ... This work on the superselective angiography of the branches of the external carotid artery is a direct continuation of the ... Super-Selective External Carotid Angiography in Pathological Conditions-Cranio-Facial Angiomas René Djindjian, Jean-Jacques ...
Experimental Factor Ontology - branch of external carotid artery - Classes | NCBO BioPortal
Instant Anatomy - Head and Neck - Vessels - Arteries - External carotid - Near jugular foramen
Differential blood flow responses to CO₂ in human internal and external carotid and vertebral arteries.
Carotid Artery, External / ultrasonography*. Carotid Artery, Internal / ultrasonography*. Cerebrovascular Circulation / ... external carotid artery (ECA) and vertebral artery (VA). In 10 healthy young subjects, we evaluated the ICA, ECA, and VA blood ... 22526884 - Differential blood flow responses to co₂ in human internal and external carotid and ver.... 23878364 - Intrauterine ... and that CO2 reactivity of the external carotid circulation is markedly diminished compared to that of the cerebral circulation ...
ICD-10-PCS Code B3090ZZ - Plain Radiography of Right External Carotid Artery using High Osmolar Contrast - Codify by AAPC
ICD-10-PCS code B3090ZZ for Plain Radiography of Right External Carotid Artery using High Osmolar Contrast is a medical ... classification as listed by CMS under Upper Arteries range. ... Plain Radiography of Right External Carotid Artery using High ... ICD-10-PCS code B3090ZZ for Plain Radiography of Right External Carotid Artery using High Osmolar Contrast is a medical ... Upper Arteries Planar display of an image developed from the capture of external ionizing radiation on photographic or ...
External Carotid Artery : Medical Illustration
ICD-10-PCS Code 031N0JK - Bypass Left External Carotid Artery to Left Extracranial Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Open...
Open Approach is a medical classification as listed by CMS under Upper Arteries range. ... ICD-10-PCS code 031N0JK for Bypass Left External Carotid Artery to Left Extracranial Artery with Synthetic Substitute, ... Maxillary artery , Occipital artery , Posterior auricular artery , Superior thyroid artery","3")>External Carotid Artery, Left ... Bypass Left External Carotid Artery to Left Extracranial Artery with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach 031N0JK. ...
Gortex graft-external carotid artery anastomotic stricture treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. | CureHunter
Gortex graft-external carotid artery anastomotic stricture treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. - J E Dacie, J S ... Gortex graft-external carotid artery anastomotic stricture treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.. Abstract. We ... of a gortex-right external carotid artery anastomotic stricture in a 49-year-old man with amaurosis fugax and occlusion of the ... right internal carotid artery. No neurological complications occurred during the procedure. The patient had had three previous ...
The origin of the vertebral and external carotid arteries in birds.
... primary dorsal external carotid artery ll, secondary dorsal external carotid artery Ling., lingual artery Ow., third root of ... In lizards no dorsal external carotid artery develops and the stapedial and ventral external carotid arteries a r e distributed ... T H E E X T E R N A L CAROTID ARTERY Since the work of Twining, it has been known that the external carotid artery in chick ... stapedial artery 77, ventral external carotid artery Tog., vagws nerve The numbcrs, 3, i, 10, 13, 20, drsignate the respectjve ...
Training a Sophisticated Microsurgical Technique: Interposition of External Jugular Vein Graft in the Common Carotid Artery in...
Anomalous anastomosis between the external carotid artery and vertebrobasilar artery via the hypoglossal canal: a case report...
... and the vertebrobasilar artery (VBA) and passing through the hypoglossal canal. A carotid-vertebrobasilar... ... We report a case of an anomalous anastomosis formed between the external carotid artery (ECA) ... Primitive hypoglossal artery Proatlantal artery External carotid artery Occipital artery Hypoglossal branch of ascending ... We report a case of an anomalous anastomosis formed between the external carotid artery (ECA) and the vertebrobasilar artery ( ...
Patency of external and internal carotid artery in the presence of an occluded common carotid artery: noninvasive evaluation...
Patency of external and internal carotid artery in the presence of an occluded common carotid artery: noninvasive evaluation ... Patency of external and internal carotid artery in the presence of an occluded common carotid artery: noninvasive evaluation ... Patency of external and internal carotid artery in the presence of an occluded common carotid artery: noninvasive evaluation ... Patency of external and internal carotid artery in the presence of an occluded common carotid artery: noninvasive evaluation ...
A report of three patients in whom the surgical closure of terminal branches of the external carotid arteries for treatment of...
Get PDF - External carotid artery stenting and superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery anastomosis for internal...
... temporal artery to middle cerebral artery anastomosis for internal carotid artery occlusion with external carotid artery severe ... Agenesis of the left internal carotid artery, common carotid artery and main trunk of the external carotid artery associated ... Anastomosis of the external carotid artery with the internal carotid artery for resection of extracranial internal carotid ... External Carotid Artery Stenting and Superficial Temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Anastomosis for Internal Carotid ...
Get PDF - Disabling segmental occlusion of the vertebral artery surgical treatment using a venous bypass from the external...
Disabling segmental occlusion of the vertebral artery surgical treatment using a venous bypass from the external carotid to the ... c 1 c 2 portion of the vertebral artery 2 cases ... A venous bypass from the external carotid artery (end to end ... Vertebral artery-posterior inferior cerebellar artery bypass using a radial artery graft for hemorrhagic dissecting vertebral ... Disabling segmental occlusion of the vertebral artery surgical treatment using a venous bypass from the external carotid to the ...
ECA abbreviation stands for External Carotid Artery
External Carotid Artery definition, categories, type and other relevant information provided by All Acronyms. ECA stands for ... How to abbreviate External Carotid Artery?. External Carotid Artery can be abbreviated as ECA ... What is the abbreviation for External Carotid Artery?. The abbreviation for External Carotid Artery is ECA ... www.allacronyms.com/ECA/External_Carotid_Artery,. MLA. All Acronyms. "ECA - External Carotid Artery". 18 September 2018. Web. ...
Effects of external irradiation of the neck region on intima media thickness of the common carotid artery - Gianicolo, Maria,...
Several studies have shown that common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is increased after radiotherapy (RT) to the head ... Effects of external irradiation of the neck region on intima media thickness of the common carotid artery : ... Objectives:To investigate whether external irradiation to the carotid area has any effect on IMT of the common carotid artery ... Objectives To investigate whether external irradiation to the carotid area has any effect on IMT of the common carotid artery ...
Endovascular external carotid artery occlusion for brain selective targeting: a cerebrovascular swine model | BMC Research...
We investigated whether unilateral endovascular coil-embolization of external carotid artery branches in swine would lead to ... Their cerebrovascular anatomy, however, comes with challenges because of the natural higher external carotid artery perfusion ... Equal amounts of approximately 4 °C cold saline were injected in 6 Yorkshire pigs into the ipsilateral common carotid artery ... CC common carotid artery, O occipital artery, EC external carotid artery, AP ascending pharyngeal artery. Branches of the ...
Cerebral infarction due to external carotid artery atherosclerosis<...
"Cerebral infarction due to external carotid artery atherosclerosis",. abstract = "Cerebral ischemia resulting from carotid ... Ingall, T. J. (1997). Cerebral infarction due to external carotid artery atherosclerosis. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 7(4), 232- ... Cerebral infarction due to external carotid artery atherosclerosis. / Ingall, Timothy J.. In: Cerebrovascular Diseases, Vol. 7 ... Ingall, TJ 1997, Cerebral infarction due to external carotid artery atherosclerosis, Cerebrovascular Diseases, vol. 7, no. 4 ...
Stent-induced flow disturbances in the ipsilateral external carotid artery following internal carotid artery stenting: a...
We hypothesize that stenting of the internal carotid artery can immediately impede blood flow to the external carotid artery by ... Carotid endarterectomy, angioplasty, and stenting study group. The fate of the external carotid artery after carotid artery ... Effect of carotid artery stenting on the external carotid artery. J Vasc Surg. 2003;38(5):1039-44.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar ... We hypothesize that stenting of the internal carotid artery can immediately impede blood flow to the external carotid artery by ...
Cancer cervical metastasis Case reports - common and external carotid artery resection in head and neck cancer patients
Case reports - common and external carotid artery resection in head and neck cancer patients. Figure 2. Surgical aspect of the ... Case reports - common and external carotid artery resection in head and neck cancer patients. Human papillomavirus cancer ... Case reports - common and external carotid artery resection in head and neck cancer patients ...
External Carotid Artery | Online Learning with Lecturio
Carotid artery, external synonyms, Carotid artery, external antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Antonyms for Carotid artery, external. 1 synonym for external carotid artery: external carotid. What are synonyms for Carotid ... Synonyms for Carotid artery, external in Free Thesaurus. ... Related to Carotid artery, external: internal carotid artery # ... external carotid artery. (redirected from Carotid artery, external). Also found in: Dictionary, Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia. ... Synonyms for external carotid artery. the branch of the carotid artery that supplies blood to the face and tongue and external ...
External carotid artery
... 5.62 Kb. 1. read. Variations in the division of common carotid artery and in the course of superior ... Human head and neck External carotid artery. Abstract: Introduction. Indian Journal of Basic & Applied Medical Research; June ... "Variations in the Division of Common Carotid Artery and in the Course of Superior Thyroid Artery: a case Report". Journal of ... thyroid artery: a case report. D. A. V. S. sesi. " ...
External carotid artery
... The external carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck. It arises from the common carotid ... External carotid artery. The external carotid artery arises from the common carotid artery and supplies structures in the face ... artery when it splits into the external and internal carotid artery. External carotid artery supplies blood to the face and ... In children, the external carotid artery is somewhat smaller than the internal carotid; but in the adult, the two vessels are ...