Carnosine. Medical search

A naturally occurring dipeptide neuropeptide found in muscles.

An amino acid formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. Since neuronal uptake and neuronal receptor sensitivity to beta-alanine have been demonstrated, the compound may be a false transmitter replacing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. A rare genetic disorder, hyper-beta-alaninemia, has been reported.

EXOPEPTIDASES that specifically act on dipeptides. EC 3.4.13.

Peptides composed of two amino acid units.

Agents that improve the ability to carry out activities such as athletics, mental endurance, work, and resistance to stress. The substances can include PRESCRIPTION DRUGS; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; phytochemicals; and ILLICIT DRUGS.

The simplest of all peptides. It functions as a gamma-glutamyl acceptor.

The third stomach of ruminants, situated on the right side of the abdomen at a higher level than the fourth stomach and between this latter and the second stomach, with both of which it communicates. From its inner surface project large numbers of leaves or folia, each of which possesses roughened surfaces. In the center of each folium is a band of muscle fibers which produces a rasping movement of the leaf when it contracts. One leaf rubs against those on either side of it, and large particles of food material are ground down between the rough surfaces, preparatory to further digestion in the succeeding parts of the alimentary canal. (Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

The interactions between physician and patient.

Those individuals engaged in research.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.

An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.

Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.

A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.

Inorganic compounds that contain zinc as an integral part of the molecule.

Hospitals controlled by agencies and departments of the state government.

Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus.

An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.

Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.

A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

"The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.

The premier bibliographic database of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. MEDLINE® (MEDLARS Online) is the primary subset of PUBMED and can be searched on NLM's Web site in PubMed or the NLM Gateway. MEDLINE references are indexed with MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH).

Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)

Sterile solutions that are intended for instillation into the eye. It does not include solutions for cleaning eyeglasses or CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS.

The removal of a cataractous CRYSTALLINE LENS from the eye.

Individuals with a degree in veterinary medicine that provides them with training and qualifications to treat diseases and injuries of animals.

The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.

A transparent, biconvex structure of the EYE, enclosed in a capsule and situated behind the IRIS and in front of the vitreous humor (VITREOUS BODY). It is slightly overlapped at its margin by the ciliary processes. Adaptation by the CILIARY BODY is crucial for OCULAR ACCOMMODATION.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

Polaprezinc protects gastric mucosal cells from noxious agents through antioxidant properties in vitro. (1/198)

BACKGROUND: Polaprezinc has been shown to exert an anti-oxidant property in a tube experiment, protect gastric mucosa from experimental ulcerations in vivo, and accelerate the healing of gastric ulcer in humans. AIM: To examine a possible protective effect of polaprezinc on oxidant-mediated injury in primary monolayer cultures of rat gastric fundic mucosa. METHODS: Cytotoxicity was quantified by measuring 51Cr release. Whether or not polaprezinc exerts an antioxidant property was investigated by determining the effect of this agent on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury. The effects of polaprezinc on superoxide (O2-. ) generation as well as on ethanol (EtOH)-induced injury were also examined. Generation of O2-. was assessed by the reduction in cytochrome c. RESULTS: H2O2 caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in 51Cr release. The dose-response curve of 51Cr release by H2O2 shifted to the right in the presence of polaprezinc. Polaprezinc, at submillimolar concentrations, prevented H2O2-induced 51Cr release. EtOH also caused a dose-dependent increase in 51Cr release, which was prevented by the addition of polaprezinc. The incubation of cells with EtOH caused an increase in cytochrome c reduction, as the concentrations of EtOH increased. Polaprezinc inhibited EtOH-induced cytochrome c reduction. Protection by polaprezinc was microscopically associated with the prevention of monolayer disruption. CONCLUSIONS: Polaprezinc is antioxidative and directly protects gastric mucosal cells from noxious agents through its antioxidant properties in vitro. This finding may provide the theoretical basis for the usage of an antiulcer drug with antioxidant properties for the treatment of gastric inflammation, such as that induced by ethanol. (+info)

Polaprezinc, a mucosal protective agent, in combination with lansoprazole, amoxycillin and clarithromycin increases the cure rate of Helicobacter pylori infection. (2/198)

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of polaprezinc, a mucosal protective agent, in combination with a 7-day triple therapy containing lansoprazole, amoxycillin and clarithromycin, as a treatment for Helicobacter pylori. METHODS: Sixty-six consecutive patients suffering from dyspeptic symptoms with H. pylori infection were randomly allocated to one of two regimens: one group (LAC; n = 31) received lansoprazole 30 mg b.d., amoxycillin 500 mg b.d. and clarithromycin 400 mg b.d. for 7 days. The other group (LACP; n = 35) received the LAC regimen plus polaprezinc 150 mg b.d. for 7 days. H. pylori status was evaluated by rapid urease test, histology and culture at entry and 4 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: Five patients did not complete the treatment: no follow-up endoscopy was performed on two patients in the LAC group; one patient in the LAC group and two in the LACP group had their treatment stopped due to severe diarrhoea. By per protocol analysis, H. pylori eradication was achieved in 24 of the 28 evaluable patients (86%; 95% CI: 72-100%) after LAC therapy, and in 33 of the 33 evaluable patients (100%) after LACP therapy (P < 0.05). On intention-to-treat analysis, the rates of eradication were 24 of 31 patients (77%; 95% CI: 62-93%) in the LAC group, and 33 of 35 patients (94%; 95% CI: 86-100%) in the LACP group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A 7-day triple therapy with lansoprazole, amoxycillin and clarithromycin is effective in H. pylori eradication, but this regimen is significantly improved by the addition of polaprezinc. (+info)

Carnosine stimulates vimentin expression in cultured rat fibroblasts. (3/198)

Two-dimensional electrophoretic gel profiles were compared between rat 3Y1 fibroblasts cultured in the presence and absence of 30 mM L-carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) for one week without any replenishment of medium. While a number of cellular proteins changed their expression levels by the addition of carnosine, we identified one of the most prominently varied proteins as vimentin. Immunoblot analysis with anti-vimentin antibody demonstrated that the vimentin levels increased about 2-fold after one-week culture in the presence of carnosine. We also confirmed that the increase of vimentin expression was dependent on the concentration of carnosine added to the medium. Moreover, when cultured cells were stained with anti-vimentin antibody and observed by light microscopy, most cells grown in the presence of carnosine were found to have markedly developed vimentin filaments. The increase of vimentin expression was also observed by adding with carnosine related dipeptides, N-acetylcarnosine and anserine. (+info)

Polaprezinc down-regulates proinflammatory cytokine-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activiation and interleukin-8 expression in gastric epithelial cells. (4/198)

Gastric epithelial chemokine response is a primary factor in the induction of gastric inflammation associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Because sustained inflammation is a risk for gastric mucosal damage, agents that down-regulate inflammatory responses may be of therapeutic significance. We examined the effect of polaprezinc, a potent antiulcer agent, on proinflammatory cytokine-induced interleukin (IL)-8 expression in gastric epithelial cells. Because IL-8 expression is regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), we also examined the effect of polaprezinc on NF-kappaB activity. MKN28 cells were used as a model of gastric epithelial cells. Secreted IL-8 was quantified by IL-8 specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and IL-8 mRNA expression was examined by Northern blot analysis. NF-kappaB activity was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Western blot analysis with anti-phospho-IkappaB-alpha antibody was performed to assess IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation. Polaprezinc-suppressed IL-8 secretion induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) or IL-1beta in a dose-dependent manner. IL-8 mRNA expression also was inhibited by polaprezinc. NF-kappaB activation in response to TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, phorbol ester, and H(2)O(2) was down-regulated by polaprezinc. Western blot analysis showed inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in the presence of polaprezinc. Collectively, these results suggest that polaprezinc is a novel type of anti-inflammatory agent that down-regulates inflammatory responses of gastric mucosal cells. (+info)

Hydrogen peroxide-mediated Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase fragmentation: protection by carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine. (5/198)

The fragmentation of human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed during incubation with H(2)O(2). Hydroxyl radical scavengers such as sodium azide, formate and mannitol protected the fragmentation of Cu,Zn-SOD. These results suggested that *OH was implicated in the hydrogen peroxide-mediated Cu,Zn-SOD fragmentation. Carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine have been proposed to act as anti-oxidants in vivo. We investigated whether three compounds could protect the fragmentation of Cu,Zn-SOD induced by H(2)O(2). The results showed that carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine significantly protected the fragmentation of Cu,Zn-SOD. All three compounds also protected the loss of enzyme activity induced by H(2)O(2). Carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine effectively inhibited the formation of *OH by the Cu,Zn-SOD/H(2)O(2) system. These results suggest that carnosine and related compounds can protect the hydrogen peroxide-mediated Cu,Zn-SOD fragmentation through the scavenging of *OH. (+info)

Heme-dependent radical generation: possible involvement in antimalarial action of non-peroxide microbial metabolites, nanaomycin A and radicicol. (6/198)

Antimalarial screening was performed for microbial metabolites that simulate artemisinin in their mode of action, a potent antimalarial component of an herbal remedy with a characteristic peroxide structure. Nanaomycin A was identified in this screen as an antimalarial compound, together with radicicol and several other compounds already reported (J. Antibiotics 51: 153 approximately 160, 1998). Nanaomycin A inhibited in vitro growth of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum with an IC80 value of 33.1 nM. It was as potent as radicicol and about 1/10 as potent as artemisinin. Studies on the mode of action suggested that the antimalarial action of the two non-peroxides, nanaomycin A and radicicol, involved heme-dependent radical generation, as is for the peroxide artemisinin. Namely, the inhibition of in vitro growth of malaria parasite by nanaomycin A or radicicol was reversed by tocopherol, a radical scavenger added to the assay mixture. Secondly, in a reaction system established for radical detection, in which a test radical donor and beta-alanylhistidine as a radical recipient were incubated with and without hemin, the two compounds caused heme-dependent decreases of beta-alanylhistidine, as did artemisinin. Among the 14 microbial metabolites identified during this screening, a correlation was observed between antimalarial activity and heme-dependent radical generating activity. (+info)

Amino acid flux in ruminal and gastric veins of sheep: effects of ruminal and omasal injections of free amino acids and carnosine. (7/198)

The possibility of free amino acid (FAA) and peptide absorption across the ruminant stomach wall was studied in multicatheterized wethers fed every 12 h. During the last third of the feeding cycle, two intraruminal or intraomasal injections of solutions containing increasing amounts of Ser, Gly, Val, Met, Phe, Lys, and carnosine were successively performed. Before injections, a net uptake of each of these FAA was measured in the ruminal and the gastric veins. The ruminal injections produced a linear increase in ruminal FAA concentration. The highest ruminal concentrations (observed with 3 g of FAA and carnosine) ranged between 5 and 14 mM. After ruminal injections, Ser (P < .05), Gly (P < .05), Val (P < .05), Met (P < .10), and Lys (P < .10) uptake decreased and carnosine net release linearly increased (P < .05), suggesting absorption across the ruminal epithelium. Owing to the low net flux generated by high ruminal concentration, the ruminal epithelium permeability to these molecules seemed to be low. After omasal injections, net flux of injected FAA were not modified, suggesting a low permeability of the gastric epithelia to FAA. Carnosine net release linearily increased (P < .05) with increasing level of carnosine injection, indicating the possibility of dipeptide absorption at the gastric level. This study demonstrated in vivo that the stomach epithelia possess the capacity to absorb FAA and small peptides; however, the permeability of these epithelia to these molecules seemed limited. (+info)

Effects of carnosine and related compounds on the stability and morphology of erythrocytes from alcoholics. (8/198)

The effects of carnosine and related compounds on erythrocytes from alcoholics were studied. In their presence, erythrocytes showed an increased ability to resist haemolysis and showed a more normal morphology, with carnosine and N-acetyl-carnosine being the most effective compounds. These beneficial properties of the dipeptides do not appear to be directly related to their antioxidant or buffering properties. (+info)

Carnosine and metabolic derivatives of carnosine, including NAC, are found in a variety of tissues but particularly muscle ... "N-Acetyl Carnosine for cataracts". Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved July 15, 2012. "Clinical Guidelines". ... In a 2010 book on ocular disease, the current state of this subject is summarized as follows: Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine ... It issued the following public statement about NAC in August 2008: The evidence for the effectiveness of N-acetyl carnosine eye ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcarnosine

Other examples are aspartame and carnosine. Pyrimidine dimers are formed by a photochemical reaction from pyrimidine DNA bases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimer_(chemistry)

The carnosine dipeptidase-1 gene (CNDP1) controls tissue and serum carnosinase. Mutations in CNDP1 are responsible for ... Serum carnosinase is a glycoprotein, and splits free carnosine and anserine in the blood. This form of the dipeptidase is not ... It is a dimer, and hydrolyzes both carnosine and anserine, preferring dipeptides that have a histidine monomer in the C- ... Deficiency of this form of carnosinase, along with carnosinuria ("carnosine in the urine"), is the usual metabolic indicator of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnosinemia

Guo Y, Yan H (2006). "Preventive effect of carnosine on cataract development". Yan Ke Xue Bao. 22 (2): 85-8. PMID 17162883. Toh ... "The effect of a topical antioxidant formulation including N-acetyl carnosine on canine cataract: a preliminary study". Vet ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataract

Guiotto, Andrea; Calderan, Andrea; Ruzza, Paolo; Borin, Gianfranco (1 September 2005). "Carnosine and Carnosine-Related ... carnosine, metformin, pioglitazone, and pentoxifylline. Activation of the TRPA-1 receptor by lipoic acid or podocarpic acid has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_glycation_end-product

Alexander A. Boldyrev (2007). Carnosine and Oxidative Stress in Cells and Tissues. Nova Publishers. pp. 2-. ISBN 978-1-60021- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Gulevich

Zapp Jr JA (1938). "Quantitative studies of carnosine and anserine in mammalian muscle. II. The distribution of carnosine and ... Carnosine Garrett, Reginald H.; Grisham, Charles M. (2012). Biochemistry (5th ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-133- ... A study demonstrated that free N-terminal of histidine on anserine and carnosine protect against zinc-caused neurotoxicity and ... "Anserine/Carnosine Supplementation Preserves Blood Flow in the Prefrontal Brain of Elderly People Carrying APOE e4". Aging and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anserine

2005). "Carnosine as a protective factor in diabetic nephropathy: association with a leucine repeat of the carnosinase gene ... "Entrez Gene: CNDP1 carnosine dipeptidase 1 (metallopeptidase M20 family)". Lenney JF, Peppers SC, Kucera CM, Sjaastad O (1983 ... 2007). "L-carnosine, a substrate of carnosinase-1, influences glucose metabolism". Diabetes. 56 (10): 2425-32. doi:10.2337/db07 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNDP1

Simply supplementing with carnosine is not as effective as supplementing with β-alanine alone since carnosine, when taken ... β-Alanine is the rate-limiting precursor of carnosine, which is to say carnosine levels are limited by the amount of available ... It is a component of the peptides carnosine and anserine and also of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), which itself is a component ... In terms of its biosynthesis, it is formed by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. β-Alanine ethyl ester is the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Β-Alanine

Asatoor, A. M.; Bandoh, J. K.; Lant, A. F.; Milne, M. D.; Navab, F. (1970). "Intestinal absorption of carnosine and its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Davenport_Milne

Boldyrev, AA; Stvolinsky, SL; Fedorova, TN; Suslina, ZA (2010). "Carnosine as a natural antioxidant and geroprotector: From ... Some possible geroprotectors include melatonin, carnosine, metformin, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and delta sleep- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geroprotector

... is also a precursor for carnosine biosynthesis, which is a dipeptide found in skeletal muscle. In Actinobacteria and ... Derave, Wim; Everaert, Inge; Beeckman, Sam; Baguet, Audrey (2010-03-01). "Muscle carnosine metabolism and beta-alanine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histidine

Panahi, Farhad; Bahrami, Foroogh; Khalafi-nezhad, Ali (2017). "Magnetic nanoparticles grafted l-carnosine dipeptide: remarkable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanomaterial-based_catalyst

F. Panahi; F. Bahrami; A. Khalafi-nezhad (2017). "Magnetic nanoparticles grafted l-carnosine dipeptide: remarkable catalytic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_nanoparticles

An Italian study evaluated the effects of a nutraceutical composed of MSM, hyaluronic acid, and L-carnosine. The results from ... L-carnosine, and Methylsulfonylmethane in Facial Skin Aesthetics and Well-being". The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylsulfonylmethane

Lenney JF (May 1990). "Separation and characterization of two carnosine-splitting cytosolic dipeptidases from hog kidney ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-His_dipeptidase

Davison, Glen; Marchbank, Tania; March, Daniel S.; Thatcher, Rhys; Playford, Raymond J. (1 August 2016). "Zinc carnosine works ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colostrum

β-alanine: an amino acid produced by aspartate 1-decarboxylase and a precursor to coenzyme A and the peptides carnosine and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-proteinogenic_amino_acids

... is found to interact with the C9ORF41 protein that encodes methyltransferase, involved in converting carnosine to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LENG9

An amino acid supplement containing L-carnosine was found to reduce irritable bowel syndrome-associated diarrhea in a ... randomized, controlled GWIRP-funded trial in GW Veterans (Baraniuk, 2013). Veterans receiving L-carnosine showed a significant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War_syndrome

Beta-alanine has been found to decrease fatigue during high-intensity exercise by increasing the muscle carnosine concentration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-workout

2007). "Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling ... "Beta-alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-alanin

... and zinc L-carnosine. "MeSH Heading: Cytoprotection". Medical Subject Headings. United States National Library of Medicine. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoprotection

This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction Hydrolysis of anserine (beta-alanyl!Npi-methyl-L-histidine), carnosine, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-methyl-His_dipeptidase

... arginine N-methyltransferase Calmodulin-lysine N-methyltransferase Carnosine N-methyltransferase (S)-coclaurine-N- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-methyltransferase

... such as carnosine, are transported across the apical membrane as a whole by the PepT 1 transporter, and degraded inside the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_oligopeptide_reabsorption

... carnosine synthase EC 6.3.2.12: dihydrofolate synthase EC 6.3.2.13: UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamate-2,6-diamino-pimelate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_6)

The molecular formula C9H14N4O3 (molar mass: 226.236 g/mol, exact mass: 226.1066 u) may refer to: Carnosine Nimorazole This set ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C9H14N4O3

... a compound related to carnosine N-Acetylcysteine, a medication Nucleus accumbens, a region in the brain N-Acetyl as in GlcNAc ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAC

Several other supplements have been hypothesized to relieve autism symptoms, including BDTH2, carnosine, cholesterol, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_therapies

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https://www.iherb.com/c/l-carnosine

Carnosine synthase, an enzyme that helps carnosine production Carnosinemia, a disease of excess carnosine due to an enzyme ... Carnosine is naturally produced by the body in the liver from beta-alanine and histidine. Like carnitine, carnosine is composed ... Carnosine is considered as a geroprotector. Carnosine can increase the Hayflick limit in human fibroblasts, as well as ... There are no plant-based sources of carnosine, however synthetic supplements do exist. Carnosine is synthesized within the body ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnosine

... carnosine synthetase, carnosine-anserine synthetase, homocarnosine synthetase, and carnosine-homocarnosine synthetase. ... "Carnosine Synthase 1". KALYANKAR GD, MEISTER A (1959). "Enzymatic synthesis of carnosine and related beta-alanyl and gamma- ... Carnosine synthase (EC 6.3.2.11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + L-histidine + beta-alanine ⇌ {\ ... The gene encoding the Carnosine synthase is ATPGD1, a member of the "ATP-grasp family" of ligases. Because of its involvement ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnosine_synthase

Carnosine is degraded by enzyme serum carnosinase, encoding by CNDP1 gene. Carnosine is engaged in different metabolic pathways ... Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is an endogenously synthesised dipeptide which is present in different human tissues e.g. ... Carnosine may also serve as a scavenger of peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals and a natural angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ... Further studies of carnosine role in kidney may offer innovative and effective strategies for management of kidney diseases. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31362685

Learn more about CARNOSINE uses, effectiveness, possible side effects, interactions, dosage, user ratings and products that ... L-Carnosine, Levo-Carnosine, N-Acetyl-Carnosine, N-Acétyl-Carnosine, N-Acetyl-L-Carnosine, N-Acétyl-L-Carnosine. Show Less ... Guiotto, A., Calderan, A., Ruzza, P., and Borin, G. Carnosine and carnosine-related antioxidants: a review. Curr.Med Chem. 2005 ... High levels of dietary carnosine are associated with increased concentrations of carnosine and histidine in rat soleus muscle. ...

https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1038/carnosine

Animal studies suggest that carnosine can be metabolized within the kidney. The goal of this study was to obtain evidence of ... Histidine-containing dipeptides like carnosine and anserine have protective functions in both health and disease. ... Carnosine-synthesizing and carnosine-hydrolyzing enzymes are localized in distinct compartments in the nephron and increased ... The goal of this study was to obtain evidence of carnosine metabolism in the human kidney and to provide insight with regards ...

https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/13968dcb-d780-32d7-ade2-8a3dc8efa5eb/

29 high quality purity l-carnosine products from 29 high quality purity l-carnosine suppliers on Alibaba.com for sale are ... Browsing for high quality purity l-carnosine? The best online shopping experience is guaranteed! ... Tags: Pure L-carnosine/ N Acetyl Carnosine , Manufacturer Directly Supply High Purity Carnosine/ L-carnosine , High Quality ... Tags: Carnosine Cas No:71-00-1 , High Quality L-carnosine , L-carnosine Powder Bulk ...

https://www.alibaba.com/showroom/high-quality-purity-l--carnosine.html

I have been reading more and more about how L-carnosine eye drops have helped many people. I have been using them, and it seems ... On the other hand, high doses of L-carnosine in solution appear to reverse a process linked to cell aging. We clearly do not ... There are no reliable studies that have shown L-carnosine eye drops to be either safe or effective for treatment of cataracts. ... There is evidence cautioning that L-carnosine drops may be harmful to the lens of the eye, since it gradually releases ...

https://www.newsmax.com/health/dr-hibberd/article/2010/07/08/id/476206/

A carnosine injection is a type of injection that delivers a dose of amino acids, which are naturally produced in the human ... A carnosine injection delivers a dose of amino acids, which are produced naturally in the human body and found in the heart, ... A carnosine injection might work by regulating enzymes that bind to harmful metals in the body. It might also reduce damage ... Animal researchers used carnosine along with zinc salts to evaluate the effectiveness of these amino acids on ulcers. They ...

https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-carnosine-injection.htm

carnosine histamine T and B lymphocytes proliferation Department of Pathological Physiology, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow ... K. Nagai, Studies of Carnosine and Related Chemicals on Physiology of Wound and Repair Mechanisms, Tokyo (1975).Google Scholar ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00800037

L-Carnosine for Bipolar I Disorder. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor ... L-Carnosine for Bipolar I Disorder Official Title ICMJE A Pilot Add-on Randomized, Placebo Controlled Intervention Trial of ... L-carnosine (or placebo) will be administered using random assignment at a dose of 500 mg/day, increasing each week by 500 mg ... Drug: L-carnosine an antioxidant and AGE inhibitor, 500 mg/day, increasing each week in titration reaching 2000 mg/day in 4 ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT00177463?term=carnosine+schizophrenia

L-Carnosine is a proton buffering neuropeptide consisting of alanine and histidine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine). It is normally ... L-Carnosine has heavy metals, free radical and active sugar molecule scavenging activity. ...

https://www.iherb.com/pr/paradise-herbs-l-carnosine-60-veggie-caps/4241

Carnosines (CARN) anti-inflammatory potential in autoimmune diseases has been but scarcely investigated as yet. The aim of ... Effect of Carnosine in Experimental Arthritis and on Primary Culture Chondrocytes. S. Ponist. ,1 F. Drafi. ,1 V. Kuncirova. ,1 ... A. A. Boldyrev, Carnosine and Oxidative Stress in Cells and Tissues, Nova Science Publishers, New York, NY, USA, 2007. *A. R. ... Carnosine (CARN) is dipeptide consisting of β-alanine and L-histidine. It was shown to be a specific constituent of excitable ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2016/8470589/

... carnosine synthetase. Carnosine is found in liver, brain and skeletal muscles. This study was done to see whether carnosine or ... Carnosine is in type I and II muscle fibers, especially in type II muscle fibers. Carnosine can be eaten in meat. The […] ... L-carnosine may neutralize lactic acid and surprisingly the human muscle contains 20 mM carnosine while mouse muscle contains ... The effect of l-carnosine on sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) was studied following injections of l-carnosine into the small ...

https://www.rainbow.coop/nutritional-library/supplement/carnosine/

The enzyme carnosinase degrades the dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine), while carnosine has been reported to inhibit ... Confirmation of the protective role of carnosine by cell culture experiments.. Carnosine inhibited the effects of high glucose ... Our study suggests that carnosine or carnosine derivates may possibly be used to design new therapeutic strategies to optimize ... Despite the immediate stabilization of serum carnosine after blood withdrawal, the measured carnosine levels were very low. In ...

https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/node/26357.full.print

Chapter Five focuses on the protective effects of carnosine and its derivative trolox-carnosine against inflammation and ... Chapter 5. Protective effects of Carnosine and its Derivative Trolox-Carnosine against Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in ... Carnosine: Physiological Effects and Research Insights. Dominic Wells (Editor). Series: Biochemistry Research Trends. BISAC: ... Carnosine (â-alanyl histidine) is a water-soluble dipeptide. It is mainly distributed in the skeletal muscles and in the brain ...

https://novapublishers.com/shop/carnosine-physiological-effects-and-research-insights/

... from carnosine. Anserine, a methylated derivative of carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine), is an abundant constituent of ... The carnosine-binding region forms hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds with carnosine, defining a flipping orientation of the ... carnosine N-methyltransferase activity Source: UniProtKB ,p>Inferred from Direct Assay,/p> ,p>Used to indicate a direct assay ... Carnosine N-methyltransferase1 Publication. ,p>Manually curated information that is based on statements in scientific articles ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8N4J0

The oral ingestion of beta-alanine, the rate-limiting precursor in carnosine synthesis, has been shown to elevate the muscle ... Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is present in high concentrations in human skeletal muscles. ... carnosine content both in trained and untrained humans. Little human data exis … ... Carnosine loading and washout in human skeletal muscles J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 Mar;106(3):837-42. doi: 10.1152/ ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19131472/

The Physiological Roles of Carnosine and β-Alanine in Exercising Human Skeletal Muscle.. Matthews JJ1,2, Artioli GG3, Turner MD ... Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) plays an important role in exercise performance and skeletal muscle homeostasis. Dietary ... Emerging evidence shows that carnosine could also act as a cytoplasmic Ca-H exchanger and form stable conjugates with exercise- ... The enigmatic nature of carnosine means there is still much to learn regarding its actions and applications in exercise, health ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31083045

A carnosine analog mitigates metabolic disorders of obesity by reducing carbonyl stress. ... A carnosine analog mitigates metabolic disorders of obesity by reducing carbonyl stress. ... Naturally occurring histidine dipeptides (e.g., anserine and carnosine) show RCS reactivity, but their therapeutic potential in ... a derivative of carnosine with high oral bioavailability that is resistant to carnosinases. Carnosinol displayed a suitable ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/94307/figure/7

carnosine. (. C. ) Putative complex between carnosinol and hPepT1, revealing that the inserted hydroxyl group elicits H-bonds ... carnosine and comparison with carnosinol. (. B. ) Putative complex between carnosinol and CN1, highlighting the missing ion ... A carnosine analog mitigates metabolic disorders of obesity by reducing carbonyl stress. ... A carnosine analog mitigates metabolic disorders of obesity by reducing carbonyl stress. ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/94307/figure/1

Baye E, Ukropec J, de Courten MP, Vallova S, Krumpolec P, Kurdiova T, Aldini G, Ukropcova B, de Courten B. Effect of carnosine ... Baye E, Ukropec J, de Courten MPJ, Kurdiova T, Krumpolec P, Fernández-Real JM, Aldini G, Ukropcova B, de Courten B. Carnosine ... "Carnosine" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... Hajizadeh-Zaker R, Ghajar A, Mesgarpour B, Afarideh M, Mohammadi MR, Akhondzadeh S. l-Carnosine As an Adjunctive Therapy to ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Carnosine

Carnosine (N-Acetyl-L-carnosine) What Is It?. Health Benefits. Forms. Dosage Information. Guidelines for Use. General ... 1) Specifically, carnosine may help to: Increase muscle contraction. Carnosine appears to be concentrated in muscles that are ... Carnosine levels also seem to correlate with age; since lower carnosine levels are seen in older individuals. (2) ... In one study, 31 autistic children were given either 800mg of L-carnosine or placebo for eight weeks. The carnosine group ...

http://www.wholehealthmd.com/main/supplements/carnosine-nacetyllcarnosine-178.aspx

Carnosine and beta-Alanine. Friday, September 11th, 2009 Someone asked me about carnosine a few months ago. I didnt know much ... Carnosine & beta-Alanine Update. Tuesday, May 25th, 2010 Thanks to a reader, Ron, who referred me to an abstract showing that ... vegetarians had lower muscle levels of carnosine, I have updated the VeganHealth page on carnosine and beta-alanine to suggest ... http://www.veganhealth.org/articles/carnosine. Quick summary: No need to worry about it unless you are a serious athlete ...

http://jacknorrisrd.com/category/carnosine/

... catalyzes the formation of carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) and homocarnosine (gamma-aminobutyryl-L-histidine), which are ... carnosine synthase 1. Description:. Exhibits ATPase activity and carnosine synthase activity. Involved in carnosine ... carnosine synthase activity TAS. 2290271. Reactome. Reactome:R-HSA-6786245. carnosine synthase activity IDA. 2290271. (PMID: ... carnosine synthase 1 Symbol and/or name change. 5135510. APPROVED. 2011-07-27. CARNS1 carnosine synthase 1 ATPGD1 ATP-grasp ...

https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/report/gene/main.html?id=2301770

Life Extension published compelling data showing that supplementation with higher-dose carnosine induced a wide range of anti- ... Carnosine is an amino acid compound found primarily in red meat. A typical red meat meal may provide 250 mg of carnosine, but ... Carnosine also extends lifetime of human cells in culture. *Carnosine is a natural antioxidant and anti-glycation substance ... that the disease processes are using up protective carnosine.41,42 In either case, supplementation with carnosine could be ...

https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2011/1/Carnosine-Exceeding-Scientific-Expectations/Page-01

Carnosine synthetase was also shown to be responsible for anserine synthesis. On gel-filtration, carnosine synthetase separates ... Ca2+ ions were shown to activate carnosine synthetase but not homocarnosine synthetase. Significant effects on carnosine and ... was also developed for the determination of carnosine. The distribution of carnosine synthetase and homocarnosine synthetase in ... Carnosine synthetase activity, both from rat brain and from gastrocnemius, was inhibited by α-alanine which was shown to be an ...

http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638320

Carnosine, the Protective, Anti-aging Peptide Alexander A. Boldyrev ; Alexander A. Boldyrev ... Carnosine has a similar effect on mice of the control strain, but this is less pronounced due to the non-accelerated character ... Competition between Carnosine and other Peptides for Transport by Hamster Jejunum in Vitro Clin Sci Mol Med (June,1974) ... Carnosine attenuates the development of senile features when used as a supplement to a standard diet of senescence accelerated ...

https://portlandpress.com/bioscirep/article-abstract/19/6/581/54378/Carnosine-the-Protective-Anti-aging-Peptide?redirectedFrom=fulltext

A positive dose-dependent effect of carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) on the lifespan of male Drosophila melanogaster flies ... The mean lifespan of male flies receiving 200 mg/liter carnosine approached that of females. At the same time carnosine had no ... Drosophila melanogaster lifespan carnosine histidine beta-alanine aging oxidative stress antioxidants This is a preview of ... A. A. Boldyrev, Carnosine and Tissue Defence against Oxidative Stress [in Russian], Moscow (1999).Google Scholar ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1020273506970

... ingestion on tissue carnosine levels and the impact such changes would have on combat specific activity. Eighteen soldiers ( ... A significant elevation (p = 0.048) in muscle carnosine content was noted in BA compared to PL. Changes in muscle carnosine ... β-Alanine ingestion increases muscle carnosine content and combat specific performance in soldiers Amino Acids. 2015 Mar;47(3): ... The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of β-alanine (BA) ingestion on tissue carnosine levels and the impact such ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25510839/?dopt=Abstract

Dipeptide Antioxidant Effect of carnosine Histidine Levels of carnosine Beta-alanine Anserine Super Carnosine 500mg Role of carnosine Capsules Proteins Synthase Synthetase Naturally Protein Effects of L-carnosine Concentrations Glycation end products Enzyme Endogenous Cataracts Supplementation with carnosine Placebo Diabetic nephropathy Ingredients Dipeptides Supplements Muscular carnosine Capsule Metabolism Antioxidants Dietary Supplement Serum carnosinase Skeletal muscle carnosine content Therapeutic Synthesis Chelate Scavenger of peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals Compound Carnosinase Vitro Protective Shows that taking ca Interest in using car Efficacy of L-carnosine Neuroprotective Effects of Carnosine Oxidative Tissues CNDP1 Homocarnosine Water-soluble Lactic acid Zinc Carnosine Complex Life Extension Reactive Protects Peptide Metabolic Inhibit Lipids Muscle fibers Healthy aging and cellular rejuve Humans Muscles

Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide molecule, made up of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine. (wikipedia.org)
Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is an endogenously synthesised dipeptide which is present in different human tissues e.g. in the kidney. (nih.gov)
Carnosine (CARN) is dipeptide consisting of β -alanine and L-histidine. (hindawi.com)
Carnosine is a dipeptide (2 amino acids) made of beta-alanine and l-histidine joined together by the enzyme, carnosine synthetase. (rainbow.coop)
Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide (protein with two amino acids) and "an efficient hydrogen ion (H+) buffer. (rainbow.coop)
L-carnosine, known as beta-alanine-L-histidine, is a dipeptide containing two amino acids, alanine and histidine. (rainbow.coop)
The enzyme carnosinase degrades the dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl- l -histidine), while carnosine has been reported to inhibit the formation of AGE molecules ( 12 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Carnosine (â-alanyl histidine) is a water-soluble dipeptide. (novapublishers.com)
It has been suggested that the endogenous dipeptide carnosine , also available as a food supplement, possesses anti-ageing activity and may achieve its reported age-alleviating effects via a number of mechanisms. (nih.gov)
Carnosine is a unique dipeptide that can interfere with the glycation process, 1-7 an underlying mechanism of aging that causes damage to the body's proteins. (lifeextension.com)
N-acetyl L-carnosine supplements provide L-carnosine, an anti-oxidant dipeptide molecule and amino acid produced naturally in the body from the covalent bonding of the amino acids histidine and alanine via the enzyme carnosine synthetase. (purebulk.com)
Carnosine is a dipeptide with a high concentration in mammalian skeletal muscle. (antiaging-systems.com)
High carnosine concentrations are found in individuals with a high proportion of fast-twitch fibres, because these fibres are enriched with the dipeptide. (antiaging-systems.com)
L-Carnosine is a dipeptide composed of the covalently bonded amino acids alanine and histidine. (vitanetonline.com)
L-Carnosine is classified as a dipeptide, which is a combination of two amino acids, in this case alanine and histidine. (vitasprings.com)
This ingredient combines L-carnosine-a naturally occurring dipeptide found in muscle and brain tissue-with elemental zinc for a powerful antioxidant, tissue-healing and mucosal-supportive complex. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
Life Extension Super Carnosine is a multifunctional dipeptide made up of the amino acids beta-alanine and L-histidine supporting normal heart and muscle cell function. (acuatlanta.net)
This study reports the synthesis and characterization of novel ruthenium (II) complexes with the polydentate dipeptide, L-carnosine (2-[(3-aminopropanoyl)amino]-3-(1 H -imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid). (mdpi.com)
Carnosine - a dipeptide consisting of two amino acids (alanine and histidine) connected to each other by a chemical bond called the peptide bond - is one of the most exciting anti-aging nutrients that has recently become widely available. (newmediaexplorer.org)
L -Carnosine ( L -Car, β-alanyl- L -histidine) is a bioactive dipeptide with important physiological functions. (rsc.org)
the lack of influence of carnosine on glycylglycine is probably because the affinity of carnosine for the dipeptide uptake mechanism is relatively low. (bmj.com)
Carnosine is a natural endogenous dipeptide widely distributed in mammalian tissues, existing at particularly high concentrations in the muscles and brain and possesses well-characterized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. (ku.edu)
Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide with antioxidant activity, which inhibits protein carbonylation and glycoxidation. (deepdyve.com)
75-86 Carnosine is a unique dipeptide that can interfere with the glycation process. (drvitaminsolutions.com)
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine), a naturally occurring dipeptide consisting of β-alanine and histidine, is synthesized by carnosine synthetase. (jcancer.org)
Although it has been suggested that carnosine is involved in cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis, and even the glycolytic energy metabolism of certain tumor cells, the molecular mechanisms of the antineoplastic activities of this dipeptide are still not completely understood 4 , 10 . (jcancer.org)
This unique amino acid dipeptide is used to support levels of carnosine in our muscles, which declines with age and those with chronic degenerative disorders. (pureprescriptions.com)
Participants were assigned to twice-daily doses of imidazole dipeptide formula ( n = 14), containing 500 mg (carnosine/anserine, ratio 1/3) or an identical placebo ( n = 17). (hplusmagazine.com)
Carnosine is a strong antioxidant and an endogenous dipeptide synthesized mainly in the skeletal muscle of vertebrates. (hplusmagazine.com)
We have utilized the L-carnosine (β-Ala-His) dipeptide, according to our previous results. (unina.it)
L-carnosine is a naturally occurring histidine dipeptide, with a number of biological functions, including a significant antiproliferative activity both in vitro and in vivo. (unina.it)

5. Carnosine has antioxidant, which is a natural antioxidant. (alibaba.com)
Used as raw material in carnosine antioxidant agents can treat senile cataracts. (alibaba.com)
Some people use a carnosine injection as an antioxidant to reduce cell damage from oxidative stress. (wisegeek.com)
However, a more recent study showed unexpectedly lower binding constant values of carnosine and therefore a relatively minor role of the transition metal ion chelation in its antioxidant abilities [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is widely recognized that carnosine has various functions including maintenance of the acid-base balance, antioxidant, protective chelating, and anti-glycation activity. (novapublishers.com)
Carnosine has been cited for its antioxidant properties and anti-aging properties. (wholehealthmd.com)
Animal studies indicate the antioxidant and anti-glycating properties (inhibitory effect on AGE's) of carnosine prevent cell damage in the brains of rats. (wholehealthmd.com)
Zinc L-carnosine also acts as an antioxidant that scavenges free radicals and assists the body's own system in restoring healthy gastric cellular integrity. (prohealth.com)
As a potent antioxidant, carnosine stabilizes and protects the cell membrane by quenching the most destructive of free radicals- the hydroxyl radical-as well as the superoxide, singlet oxygen and the peroxyl radical. (smart-publications.com)
Carnosine is an all round anti-ageing supplement, as it is an antioxidant, anti-glycator, a chelator of heavy metals (i.e. it inactivates any toxic metal ions in the body) and a Calorie Restriction Mimetic. (antiaging-systems.com)
Carnosine is also an important intracellular antioxidant. (doctormurray.com)
Benefits proven in studies with a dose of carnosine ranging from 800 mg/day to 25 mg/lb. body weight include: * Universal and versatile antioxidant activity * Increasing muscle strength and endurance * Speeding up recovery after sprints * Inhibiting cellular damage caused by alcohol * Speeds up wound healing by stimulating collagen production * Protective on eyesight, especially aging related impairment. (integrativepsychiatry.net)
Super Carnosine by Life Extension is great for amino acids and antioxidant supply. (evitamins.com)
L-Carnosine is also an antioxidant that stabilizes cellular membranes, protecting them from damage by free radicals. (vitasprings.com)
Carnosine is a Dietary Supplement and potent antioxidant. (physicianformulas.com)
L-Carnosine is a safe nutritional antioxidant with many benefits when used in dosages ranging from 50 to 500 mg. (physicianformulas.com)
Carnosine has a number of antioxidant properties and has been shown to be an anti-glycating agent. (acuatlanta.net)
The ability of carnosine to prevent and treat cataracts is believed to be due to its antioxidant properties and its ability to inhibit a chemical process called glycation. (newmediaexplorer.org)
The newly formulated Brite Eyes contains 1% N-Acetyl-L-Carnosine, a naturally occurring antioxidant and anti-glycating agent that when topically applied, can penetrate and protect the lipid tissues of the eye against light damage. (natmedtalk.com)
With its strong antioxidant and free radical fighting properties, NOW L-Carnosine is a sound way to protect the body's most vital building blocks from many forms of cellular damage. (virtuvites.com)
Carnosine is a di-peptide (or protein building block) composed of the amino acids beta-alanine and L-histidine and is naturally present in long-living cells such as muscle and nerves, where it plays a role as an antioxidant. (needs.com)
L-carnosine, an antioxidant, helps stabilize the chelate so it dissolves more slowly. (endur.com)
Anserine and carnosine are water-soluble dipeptides that have antioxidant properties and are found in the skeletal muscle of mammals and fishes. (oregonstate.edu)
Life Extension Carnosine 500 mg prevents glycation in the cells to work as an antioxidant and deter the physical signs of aging. (drvitaminsolutions.com)
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine), described as an enigmatic peptide for its antioxidant, anti-aging and especially antiproliferation properties, has been demonstrated to play an anti-tumorigenic role in certain types of cancer. (jcancer.org)
Carnosine is a naturally occurring antioxidant that has been shown to be an anti-glycating agent. (priceplow.com)
l-Carnosine - Pure Encapsulations L-carnosine acts as a protective antioxidant for cellular structures against oxidation damage. (pureprescriptions.com)
Antioxidant Support: l-Carnosine is a water-soluble antioxidant with well-documented free-radical scavenging activity and is believed to promote cell health and cell longevity. (pureprescriptions.com)
L-carnosine, on the other hand, has strong antioxidant and tissue-healing properties. (gallbladderattack.com)
Antioxidant and fatigue-reducing effects of L-carnosine add up to potential anti-aging benefits, according to Dr. Michael Fossel, coauthor of the book "The Immortality Edge: Realize the Secrets of Your Telomeres for a Longer, Healthier Life. (sfgate.com)
Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and fatigue-reducing benefits also make L-carnosine a favored supplement among athletes and bodybuilders for improving athletic performance and speeding injury recovery time. (sfgate.com)
A study published in the October 2012 issue of the journal "Current Pharmaceutical Design" found that L-carnosine and the green tea antioxidant epigallocatechin gallate, or EGCG, have synergistic protective effects on the brain that prevent aging. (sfgate.com)

Also, a sparing or regenerating effect of carnosine towards endogenous antioxidants was demonstrated in the liver of rats treated with carnosine or L-histidine. (hindawi.com)
The effect of carnosine on the production of extracellular matrix components and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) after exposure to 5 and 25 mmol/l d -glucose was studied in cultured human podocytes and mesangial cells, respectively. (diabetesjournals.org)
Baye E, Ukropec J, de Courten MP, Vallova S, Krumpolec P, Kurdiova T, Aldini G, Ukropcova B, de Courten B. Effect of carnosine supplementation on the plasma lipidome in overweight and obese adults: a pilot randomised controlled trial. (harvard.edu)
A positive dose-dependent effect of carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) on the lifespan of male Drosophila melanogaster flies was shown. (springer.com)
This positive effect of carnosine probably reflects its protective action against age-related accumulation of free radicals and did not depend on carnosine metabolism in the body. (springer.com)
To investigate the effect of carnosine (CA), aminoguanidine (AG), and aspirin (ASA) drops, all inhibitors of glycation, on the development of diabetic cataract in rat. (nih.gov)
In this study, the effect of carnosine on cell proliferation and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in the cultured human gastric carcinoma cells. (jcancer.org)
Effect of Carnosine on Age-Induced Changes in Senescence-Accelerated Mice YUNEVA, M.O. (deepdyve.com)
BOLDYREV, A.A. 1999-01-01 00:00:00 The effect of carnosine on the life span and several brain biochemical characteristics in senescence-accelerated miceâ prone 1 (SAMP1) was investigated. (deepdyve.com)
The effect of carnosine on life span was accompanied by a decrease in the level of â ²-tiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), monoamine oxidase b (MAO b), and Na/K-ATPase activity. (deepdyve.com)
We also chose to investigate the effect of carnosine/anserine on RSFC of the hippocampus because of its important role in learning, memory formation and normal aging ( VanGuilder and Freeman, 2011 ). (hplusmagazine.com)

Carnosine is naturally produced by the body in the liver from beta-alanine and histidine. (wikipedia.org)
Carnosine is synthesized within the body from beta-alanine and histidine. (wikipedia.org)
Occurring at 17-25 mmol/kg (dry muscle), carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is an important intramuscular buffer, constituting 10-20% of the total buffering capacity in type I and II muscle fibres. (wikipedia.org)
Carnosine synthase (EC 6.3.2.11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + L-histidine + beta-alanine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ADP + phosphate + carnosine The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-histidine, and beta-alanine, whereas its 3 products are ADP (previously thought to form AMP), diphosphate, and carnosine. (wikipedia.org)
Histidine-containing dipeptides like carnosine and anserine have protective functions in both health and disease. (mendeley.com)
The absorption kinetics of dietary carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) will be determined in the healthy adults. (clinicaltrials.gov)
L-Carnosine is a proton buffering neuropeptide consisting of alanine and histidine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine). (iherb.com)
Histidine and Carnosine and Fatty Liver. (rainbow.coop)
N-methyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of anserine (beta-alanyl-N(Pi)-methyl-L-histidine) from carnosine. (uniprot.org)
Anserine, a methylated derivative of carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine), is an abundant constituent of vertebrate skeletal muscles. (uniprot.org)
Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is present in high concentrations in human skeletal muscles. (nih.gov)
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) plays an important role in exercise performance and skeletal muscle homeostasis. (nih.gov)
Naturally occurring histidine dipeptides (e.g., anserine and carnosine) show RCS reactivity, but their therapeutic potential in humans is limited by serum carnosinases. (jci.org)
Also the pathophysiological relevance of serum carnosinase, the enzyme actively degrading carnosine into l-histidine and β-alanine, is discussed. (nih.gov)
Carnosine synthetase activity, both from rat brain and from gastrocnemius, was inhibited by α-alanine which was shown to be an alternative substrate to β-alanine resulting in formation of L-α-alanyl-L-histidine. (bl.uk)
Carnosine is a small peptide that contains two amino acids, beta- alanine and histidine. (smart-publications.com)
It is synthesized by carnosine synthetasese from the amino acids L-histidine and beta-alanine, and degraded by carnosinase. (antiaging-systems.com)
Carnosine is a naturally occurring molecule composed of two amino acids, histidine and alanine. (doctormurray.com)
Carnosine (not to be confused with ´carnitine´) is a combination of two amino acids (building blocks of proteins), alanine and histidine. (integrativepsychiatry.net)
beta-Alanyl-L-histidine;L-Carnosine 99% min. (lookchem.com)
N-2-M;L-Carnosinc;β-Alanyl-L-histidine;L-Carnosine Acetate;Karnozin;2-(3-aminopropanoylamino)-3-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid;L-Histidine, N-.beta. (lookchem.com)
Increasing carnosine (beta-ananyl-L-histidine) in muscles has been shown to enhance exercise performance in bodybuilders and other athletes. (nutritionexpress.com)
Carnosine is a small molecule composed of the amino acids histidine and alanine, and is found in relatively high concentrations in several body tissues. (physicianformulas.com)
Using a double-lumen tube jejunal perfusion system in vivo, the mutual effects of carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) and glycylglycine on their respective absorption rates have been studied in six Zambian African adults. (bmj.com)
The solutions infused in each subject contained (A) carnosine (50 mmol l.-1), (B) carnosine (50 mmol l.-1) and glycylglycine (50 mmol l.-1), (C) glycylglycine (50 mmol l.-1), and (D) glycylglycine (50 mmol l.-1), L-histidine (50 mmol l.-1) and beta-alanine (50 mmol l.-1). (bmj.com)
Glycylglycine produced a significant impairment in the mean rate of histidine absorption from carnosine (P less than 0-01). (bmj.com)
L-Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) occurs naturally in the body's muscle and nervous tissues and is formed by the amino acids alanine and histidine. (vitaminlife.com)
Carnosine is an endogenous di-peptide (β-alanine-L-histidine) which promotes physiological homeostasis in part by conjugating to and neutralising toxic aldehydes. (bmj.com)
Effects of Histidine and β-alanine Supplementation on Human Muscle Carnosine Storage. (semanticscholar.org)
Carnosine is a non-essential amino acid and is a combination of two other amino acids - alanine and histidine . (vitalhealthzone.com)
L-carnosine is a substance that your body manufactures by combining two amino acids: alanine and histidine. (sfgate.com)

scle fibers can be replaced with fat, levels of carnosine are reduced in muscle, and there is a reduction in ability to balance (buffer) muscle acidity. (rainbow.coop)
Thanks to a reader, Ron, who referred me to an abstract showing that vegetarians had lower muscle levels of carnosine, I have updated the VeganHealth page on carnosine and beta-alanine to suggest that vegetarians may very well be able to improve their athletic performance by supplementing with beta-alanine. (jacknorrisrd.com)
Long-lived cells such as nerve cells (neurons) and muscle cells (myocytes) contain high levels of carnosine. (lifeextension.com)
Muscle levels of carnosine correlate with the maximum life spans of animals. (lifeextension.com)
While muscle cells (myocytes) contain high levels of carnosine, those levels decline with age. (lifeextension.com)
Selection of a study cohort with inherently low levels of carnosine, thereby facilitating identification of any supplementation-dependent effects. (bmj.com)
Cells in the body that live for longer periods of time, such as nerve cells (neurons) and muscle cells (myocytes), contain high levels of carnosine. (drvitaminsolutions.com)

Since beta-alanine is the limiting substrate, supplementing just beta-alanine effectively increases the intramuscular concentration of carnosine. (wikipedia.org)
Since beta-alanine is not incorporated into proteins, carnosine can be stored at relatively high concentrations (millimolar). (wikipedia.org)
The oral ingestion of beta-alanine, the rate-limiting precursor in carnosine synthesis, has been shown to elevate the muscle carnosine content both in trained and untrained humans. (nih.gov)
The beta-alanine supplementation significantly increased the carnosine content in soleus by 39%, in tibialis by 27%, and in gastrocnemius by 23% and declined post-supplementation at a rate of 2-4%/wk. (nih.gov)
Recent studies have shown that the chronic oral ingestion of beta-alanine can substantially elevate (up to 80%) the carnosine content of human skeletal muscle. (antiaging-systems.com)
Muscle carnosine content is lower in women, declines with age and is probably lower in vegetarians, whose diets are deprived of beta-alanine. (antiaging-systems.com)
Washing Down 6g/d of Beta-Alanine not Enough to Saturate Muscle Carnosine? (anabolicminds.com)
Meal and beta-alanine coingestion enhances muscle carnosine loading. (semanticscholar.org)
INTRODUCTION Beta-alanine (BA) is a popular ergogenic supplement because it can induce muscle carnosine loading. (semanticscholar.org)

Carnosine-anserine synthetase of muscle. (wikipedia.org)
CNDP1 expression was correlated with the degradation of carnosine and anserine (r = 0.88 and 0.81, respectively). (mendeley.com)
Anserine and carnosine were also detectable by HPLC in the renal cortex. (mendeley.com)
Carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine were found to be present in rat quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and pectoral muscles, and in spinal cord and brain. (bl.uk)
Carnosine synthetase was also shown to be responsible for anserine synthesis. (bl.uk)
Carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine were shown to have no effect on hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, α-oxoglutarate, NAD + -isocitrate dehydrogenase and pyruvic dehydrogenase. (bl.uk)
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + carnosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + anserine. (uniprot.org)
A convenient synthesis of carnosine-d7 and anserine-d4 is described. (rti.org)
When two of the affected children consumed carnosine, anserine or homocarnosine, they metabolized these compounds much less rapidly than did two normal control individuals. (springer.com)
The objective of this research was to determine the concentration of anserine and carnosine in surimi wash water (SWW) at all stages of surimi processing, and undertake preliminary methods to remove and concentrate the two dipeptides and study the effect of surimi wash water extract on color. (oregonstate.edu)
Results showed that there was a trend: content of protein and dipeptides (anserine and carnosine) in SWW (raw) was higher in the first two stages of surimi processing. (oregonstate.edu)
Carnosine and anserine are strong antioxidants, previously demonstrated to reduce cognitive decline in animal studies. (hplusmagazine.com)
After 3 months of supplementation, the carnosine/anserine group had better verbal episodic memory performance and decreased connectivity in the default mode network , the posterior cingulate cortex and the right fronto parietal network, as compared with the placebo group. (hplusmagazine.com)
These results suggest that daily carnosine/anserine supplementation can impact cognitive function and that network connectivity changes are associated with its effects. (hplusmagazine.com)
In this study, we aimed to investigate the cognitive and neurophysiological effect of daily carnosine/anserine supplementation in a healthy elderly population. (hplusmagazine.com)
We investigated the effect of daily carnosine/anserine supplementation on DMN connectivity. (hplusmagazine.com)
We conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled study to investigate the effect of daily carnosine/anserine supplementation on the cognitive function and RSFC of healthy older adults. (hplusmagazine.com)
1. Carnosine/anserine will ameliorate deterioration of memory function in healthy elderly adults. (hplusmagazine.com)

Super Carnosine is a dietary supplement supporting normal muscle cell function. (acuatlanta.net)
Super Carnosine is recommended for those supporting normal carnosine levels. (acuatlanta.net)
Super Carnosine product is available only from licensed healthcare professionals. (acuatlanta.net)
The combination of carnosine, benfotiamine (a fat soluble form of vitamin B1) & vitamin B1 included in Life Extension Super Carnosine provides a multifaceted, body-wide shield against increased aging caused by glycation. (drvitaminsolutions.com)
Super Carnosine combines carnosine with multiple forms of vitamin B1 to help heal and protect the body's cells from environmental damage. (drvitaminsolutions.com)
Super Carnosine specifically works as an anti-glycating agent to reduce the negative effects of aging on the body. (drvitaminsolutions.com)
Together these make Super Carnosine a premiere supplement for supporting healthy life cycles in our cells and helping to reduce muscle loss, wrinkles, and other age related conditions normally caused by a decline in carnosine and by damage over time. (drvitaminsolutions.com)

This L-Carnosine supplement supplies 500mg per capsule. (priceplow.com)

This review summarizes the results of experimental and human studies concerning the role of carnosine in kidney diseases, particularly in chronic kidney disease, ischemia/reperfusion induced acute renal failure, diabetic nephropathy and also drug-induced nephrotoxicity. (nih.gov)
Chapter Two reviews the perspective role of carnosine in tumor-related phenomena. (novapublishers.com)
Ommati MM, Farshad O, Ghanbarinejad V, Mohammadi HR, Khadijeh M, Negar A, Zahra M, Ilkhaninasab F, Moezi L, Heidari R. The Nephroprotective Role of Carnosine Against Ifosfamide-Induced Renal Injury and Electrolytes Imbalance is Mediated Via the Regulation of Mitochondrial Function and Alleviation of Oxidative Stress. (harvard.edu)
This suggests an important role of carnosine in the homeostasis of contracting muscle cells, especially during high rates of anaerobic energy delivery. (antiaging-systems.com)
Although most studies to date have focused on the role of carnosine in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, the physiological presence of this di-peptide and its analogues in the brain together with their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier as well as evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies suggest carnosine as a promising therapeutic target in brain disorders. (mdpi.com)
In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of carnosine in neurological, neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders, summarizing current evidence from cell, animal, and human cross-sectional, longitudinal studies, and randomized controlled trials. (mdpi.com)

I see carnosine supplement bottles that say take up to four 600 mg capsules a day while on some websites the carnosine dosage recommendation is much less. (physicianformulas.com)

In vitro laboratory studies showed carnosine reacted with the altered proteins by slowing their reactions with other chemical groups. (wholehealthmd.com)
According to Karin Granstrom Jordan, M.D. ("Carnosine: Nature's pluripotent life extension agent" Life Extension Magazine , Jan, 2001), "Modified proteins accumulate as we age, while carnosine levels are declining. (smart-publications.com)
Carnosine is now believed to bind and modify damaged proteins in a vital process that helps our cells properly target them for removal and replacement. (smart-publications.com)
And as one of the most effective anti-carbonylation agents in use today, L-Carnosine may have a positive impact on our ability to slow the effects of age-related degeneration by hindering production of abnormal proteins. (virtuvites.com)
Consequently, we sought to characterize what effects carnosine, at levels attained by supplementation, has on human muscle fiber function, using a preparation with all key EC coupling proteins in their in situ positions. (biomedsearch.com)
These observations are consistent with the conclusion that carnosine increases life span and quality of life by diminishing production of lipid peroxides and reducing the influence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on membrane proteins. (deepdyve.com)
Extending cell health life - carnosine may reduce the destruction of valuable proteins and DNA by sugar molecules (called glycosylation). (vitalhealthzone.com)
The combination of amino acids in L-carnosine has a synergistic effect that rejuvenates cells, improves immunity, decreases inflammation and prevents formation of certain proteins in the brain that are associated with Alzheimer's disease, notes Fossel. (sfgate.com)

The gene encoding the Carnosine synthase is ATPGD1, a member of the "ATP-grasp family" of ligases. (wikipedia.org)
Expression, distribution, and localization of carnosinase-1 (CNDP1), carnosine synthase (CARNS), and taurine transporters (TauT) were measured in human kidneys. (mendeley.com)
Exhibits ATPase activity and carnosine synthase activity. (mcw.edu)

The distribution of carnosine synthetase and homocarnosine synthetase in rat spinal cord, brain or skeletal muscles was studied. (bl.uk)
On gel-filtration, carnosine synthetase separates into two active fractions (M r 250,000 and 120,000). (bl.uk)
A requirement by carnosine synthetase for NAD + and glucose was confirmed. (bl.uk)
Ca 2+ ions were shown to activate carnosine synthetase but not homocarnosine synthetase. (bl.uk)
Significant effects on carnosine and homocarnosine synthetase from rat brain and gastrocnemius were produced by 5'-AMP, 5'-cAMP, 5'-GMP and 3',5'-cGMP. (bl.uk)
Crillo M, Margolis FL (1983) Rabbit muscle carnosine synthetase: Purification and generation of mouse antisera. (springer.com)
Horinishi H, Crillo M, Margolis FL (1978) Purification and characterization of carnosine synthetase from mouse olfactory bulb. (springer.com)

Carnosine is a protein building block that is naturally produced in the body. (webmd.com)
A carnosine injection delivers a dose of amino acids, which are produced naturally in the human body and found in the heart, brain , and tissue. (wisegeek.com)
Carnosine, like other amino acids, occurs naturally in protein which helps to build and repair new muscle 1 - crucial whether you play sports or lift weights. (myprotein.com)
N-acetyl-carnosine (or NAC) eye drops contain a peptide that occurs naturally in your dog's eyes. (vetinfo.com)
Carnosine occurs naturally in skeletal muscle, the heart, the brain, and in other nerve tissues. (wholehealthmd.com)
But even if you do eat meat, as we naturally age, carnosine levels are reduced. (smart-publications.com)
Designs for Health Carnosine Supreme 60c is a synergistic combination of two powerful naturally occurring anti-glycating and anti-aging agents, carnosine and benfothiamine. (integrativepsychiatry.net)
L-Carnosine is an amino acid made naturally in the body. (nutritionexpress.com)
Carnosine is a naturally occurring product in our food, but with the passing of time it decreases, this is believed to be one of the primary factors leading to the aging process. (regenerativenutrition.com)

Like carnitine, carnosine is composed of the root word carn, meaning flesh, alluding to its prevalence in animal protein. (alibaba.com)
Laboratory studies indicate carnosine inhibits protein alterations caused by AGE's that cause diabetic complications such as kidney failure, cataracts, and neuropathy, or nerve damage. (wholehealthmd.com)
Since vegetarian sources of protein do not contain carnosine, a vegetarian (especially vegan) diet may not provide adequate pre-formed carnosine, but like carnitine the human body is thought to be capable of manufacturing sufficient quantities. (doctormurray.com)
While protein-rich foods like meat, eggs and cheese are the best dietary sources of L-carnosine, most people do not eat enough of them to derive the anti-aging benefits they desire. (betterlife.com)
In in vitro studies, L-carnosine reduced glycation, a process in which DNA and protein are damaged by glucose. (sourcenaturals.com)
An ample set of parameters aimed to evaluate cytotoxicity (MTT assay), energy metabolism (HPLC), gene expressions (high-throughput real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)), protein expressions (western blot) and nitric oxide production (qRT-PCR and HPLC), was used to assess the effects of carnosine on activated macrophages challenged with a non cytotoxic LPS (100 ng/mL) + IFN-γ (600 U/mL) concentration. (ku.edu)
This highly stable compound combines zinc, an essential trace mineral, and L-carnosine, a protein building block, to deliver targeted benefits for stomach health. (endur.com)

Chapter Four studies the neurotropic and protective effects of L-carnosine. (novapublishers.com)

Exercise has conversely been found to increase muscle carnosine concentrations, and muscle carnosine content is higher in athletes engaging in anaerobic exercise. (wikipedia.org)
In fact, people who suffer from a neuromuscular disease exhibit a 63% decline of muscle concentrations of carnosine, from the years 10 to 70. (smart-publications.com)
Carnosine functions in "excitable" tissues, such as muscle and nerve tissue, and reaches high concentrations in skeletal muscle. (doctormurray.com)
Carnosine is also found in high concentrations in fast-twitch (Type II) muscle fibers. (nutritionexpress.com)
Irrespective of glucose concentrations L-carnosine prevented toxicity in a dose-dependent manner, only if it was present during the FeCl 3 challenge. (hindawi.com)
Carnosine is found in high concentrations in skeletal muscles, where it is involved in several physiological functions. (nih.gov)
Muscle carnosine was quantified in M. soleus, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior using magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy and blood samples were collected to determine CNDP1 genotype, plasma carnosinase activity and testosterone concentrations. (nih.gov)
Compared to women, men have 36, 28 and 82% higher carnosine concentrations in M. soleus, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle, respectively, whereas circulating testosterone concentrations were unrelated to muscle carnosine levels in healthy men. (nih.gov)

citation needed] Carnosine acts as an antiglycating agent, reducing the rate of formation of advanced glycation end-products (substances that can be a factor in the development or worsening of many degenerative diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney failure, and Alzheimer's disease), and ultimately reducing development of atherosclerotic plaque build-up. (wikipedia.org)
Carnosine and advanced glycation end products: a systematic review. (nih.gov)
Carnosine has shown the ability to inhibit formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). (lifeextension.com)

Carnosine is degraded by enzyme serum carnosinase, encoding by CNDP1 gene. (nih.gov)
Carnosine may also serve as a scavenger of peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals and a natural angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. (nih.gov)
A typical red meat meal may provide 250 mg of carnosine, but this is quickly degraded in the body by the carnosinase enzyme. (lifeextension.com)
Supplementation with 1,000 mg a day of carnosine overwhelms the carnosinase enzyme, thus enabling one to maintain consistent blood levels of this critical nutrient. (lifeextension.com)

We hypothesise that an increase of endogenous carnosine by dietary supplementation would mitigate the adverse cardiovascular outcomes associated with PM exposure in humans. (bmj.com)
The participants will have low levels of endogenous carnosine to facilitate identification of supplementation-specific outcomes. (bmj.com)

There are no reliable studies that have shown L-carnosine eye drops to be either safe or effective for treatment of cataracts. (newsmax.com)
N - acetyl - carnosine eye drops are one of the leading veterinary medicines used in treating cataracts in older dogs. (vetinfo.com)
Treating developing cataracts with n-acetyl-carnosine eye drops like Can-C can dramatically improve the state of your pet's cataracts and his eyesight. (vetinfo.com)
2] Based on research performed mainly by Russian scientists, it is believed that carnosine is effective both in preventing and treating cataracts. (newmediaexplorer.org)
Carnosine-containing eye drops have demonstrated efficacy in treating a variety of ophthalmic conditions, including corneal diseases, cataracts, glaucoma, and increased intraocular pressure. (newmediaexplorer.org)
Studies have shown complete reversal of cataracts in most cases when carnosine eye drops are used. (natmedtalk.com)

Baye E, Menon K, de Courten MP, Earnest A, Cameron J, de Courten B. Does supplementation with carnosine improve cardiometabolic health and cognitive function in patients with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes? (harvard.edu)
However, supplementation with carnosine could be an effective way of protecting the tissues even for those who do not want to give up smoking. (antiaging-systems.com)
Nonetheless, like carnitine, supplementation with carnosine has its place in nutritional medicine. (doctormurray.com)

That L-carnosine treatment of persons with bipolar illness will improve their cognitive outcomes, specifically, measures of attention and executive function, verbal and visuospatial memory and psychomotor performance, relative to placebo treatment. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Our hypothesis is that oral L- carnosine treatment (as compared with placebo) will enhance cognitive abilities (specifically: measures of attention, executive function, working memory, visuospatial ability and language) in persons with bipolar disorder. (clinicaltrials.gov)
We aim to test these hypotheses by conducting a randomized, placebo controlled, add on treatment trial of L- carnosine (added to existing antipsychotic treatment) on 48 recruited subjects with DSM IV TR bipolar disorder for a period of 12 weeks. (clinicaltrials.gov)
We aim to test these hypotheses by conducting a randomized, placebo controlled, add on treatment trial of L-carnosine (added to ongoing prescribed pharmacological treatment, for example - lithium, anticonvulsants, antipsychotic agents and depressants) for a period of 12 weeks. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Up to 48 subjects with DSM IV TR bipolar I disorder will be recruited from Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Mayview State Hospital and Mon Yough Community Services, Inc. using a 1:1 randomization, subjects who sign a informed consent document will be randomized to receive L-carnosine or placebo. (clinicaltrials.gov)
In the placebo group, carnosine remained relatively constant with variation coefficients of 9-15% over a 3-mo period. (nih.gov)
Ghajar A, Aghajan-Nashtaei F, Afarideh M, Mohammadi MR, Akhondzadeh S. l-Carnosine as Adjunctive Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. (harvard.edu)
Ghajar A, Khoaie-Ardakani MR, Shahmoradi Z, Alavi AR, Afarideh M, Shalbafan MR, Ghazizadeh-Hashemi M, Akhondzadeh S. L-carnosine as an add-on to risperidone for treatment of negative symptoms in patients with stable schizophrenia: A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. (harvard.edu)
Hajizadeh-Zaker R, Ghajar A, Mesgarpour B, Afarideh M, Mohammadi MR, Akhondzadeh S. l-Carnosine As an Adjunctive Therapy to Risperidone in Children with Autistic Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. (harvard.edu)
In one study, 31 autistic children were given either 800mg of L-carnosine or placebo for eight weeks. (wholehealthmd.com)
In regard to boosting brain power, several double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have looked at the use of carnosine in patients with neurodegenerative conditions. (doctormurray.com)
In one study compared a daily dose of either 0.75g or 2g of carnosine to a placebo, for 21 days, in 42 patients with chronic encephalopathy a brain disorder that is a progressive degenerative disease most often seen in individuals with a history of multiple concussions and other forms of head injury. (doctormurray.com)
2015. A Dietary Supplement Containing Cinnamon, Chromium and Carnosine Decreases Fasting Plasma Glucose and Increases Lean Mass in Overweight or Obese Pre-Diabetic Subjects: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. (physicianformulas.com)
Patients received either L-carnosine or placebo as adjuvant to fluvoxamine for 10 weeks. (physicianformulas.com)
Participants will be randomly allocated to carnosine or placebo groups and instructed to take their oral supplement for 12 weeks with two return clinical visits and repeated assessments during times of peak PM exposure (June-September) in Louisville, Kentucky, USA. (bmj.com)
In a transgenic mouse model of AD, disease progression was reduced when mice were supplemented with dietary carnosine, compared to mice that had received placebo. (hplusmagazine.com)

The goal of this study was to obtain evidence of carnosine metabolism in the human kidney and to provide insight with regards to diabetic nephropathy. (mendeley.com)
We also discuss genetic findings providing evidence for the involvement of the carnosinase/L-carnosine system in the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy and for preferring the use of carnosinase-resistant compounds in human disease. (eurekaselect.com)

B&D Nutritional Ingredients, Vista, CA, and XSTO Solutions, Morristown, NJ, now have exclusive marketing rights for zinc carnosine (crystalline amino-mineral complex of L-carnosine and zinc) from Osaka, Japan-based Hamari Chemical. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)

Carnosine (not to be confused with carnitine) is in a class of chemical compounds known as dipeptides, which are composed of two amino acids joined by a single chemical bond. (wholehealthmd.com)
N-acetyl L-carnosine and L-carnosine are taken as dietary supplements due to the ability of these dipeptides to scavenge reactive oxygen species and supporting cellular structural components from oxidative stress. (purebulk.com)

There are no plant-based sources of carnosine, however synthetic supplements do exist. (wikipedia.org)
Carnosine supplements have been popular among body-builders and athletes mainly for improving muscular fatigue. (smart-publications.com)
As many of you may know, one of my favourite nutritional supplements is carnosine. (antiaging-systems.com)
First learn how each supplement works by itself in your case, and then once you know how you feel from each one separately, then you may combine a carnosine supplement with Mind Power Rx or other supplements. (physicianformulas.com)

Sprint-trained athletes display markedly high muscular carnosine, but the acute effect of several weeks of training on muscle carnosine is limited. (antiaging-systems.com)
In conclusion, neither CNDP1 genotype nor the normal variation in circulating testosterone levels affects the muscular carnosine content, whereas vegetarianism, female gender and increasing age are the factors associated with reduced muscle carnosine stores. (nih.gov)

L Carnosine, Capsule (Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose), Anti Caking Agents (Silicon Dioxide, Magnesium Stearate). (myprotein.com)
However as a general guideline, we believe the lower amounts are probably just fine and people can open a 500 mg l-carnosine capsule and take a portion of it or take the full capsule twice a week. (physicianformulas.com)
However, if you take both, open a capsule of the l-carnosine capsule and take only a third or half. (physicianformulas.com)
A. We only carry l-carnosine 500 mg pill but it is easy to open a capsule by pulling on each side, pouring our a portion in a glass of water or juice, and closing the capsule to use the rest another day. (physicianformulas.com)
Zinc (from PepZin GI), PepZin GI (Zinc-L-Carnosine Complex), L-Carnosine (from PepZin GI), Microcrystalline cellulose, modified cellulose (vegetarian capsule), magnesium stearate (vegetable source), silicon dioxide. (bodykind.com)
Supplies 500 mg of L-Carnosine per 1-capsule serving. (nutrabio.com)

Intrinsic carnosine metabolism in. (mendeley.com)
In addition, l-carnosine may help to maintain healthy peptide metabolism in the brain and its membrane-stabilizing properties support healthy lactate dehydrogenase activity of cardiovascular cells. (vitaminlife.com)
It has been reported that carnosine regulated some events that contribute to the tumor growth and metabolism, highlighting the critical importance of carnosine's anti-tumorigenic effect 6 - 9 . (jcancer.org)
Nervous System Support: l-Carnosine may help to maintain healthy peptide metabolism in the brain, supporting neuronal cell health. (pureprescriptions.com)

Carnosine is one of the most abundant antioxidants in the brain. (wholehealthmd.com)
In another study, carnosine was used together with several other well known antioxidants such as coenzyme Q 10 , vitamin E, vitamin C , beta-carotene, selenium, L-cysteine and ginkgo biloba. (antiaging-systems.com)

Dietary supplementation with the rate-limiting precursor β-alanine leads to an increase in skeletal muscle carnosine content, which further potentiates its effects. (nih.gov)
Dietary sources of carnosine incude meat, poultry and fish, but with the decrease in meat consumption, many people are getting less and less carnosine in their diet. (smart-publications.com)
Carnosine as a multifunctional dietary supplement is a relatively new discovery. (integrativepsychiatry.net)
Our aim was to evaluate the effects of 4-month treatment with a dietary supplement containing cinnamon, chromium and carnosine in moderately obese or overweight pre-diabetic subjects. (physicianformulas.com)
Four-month treatment with a dietary supplement containing cinnamon, chromium and carnosine decreased fasting plasma glucose (blood sugar) and increased fat-free mass in overweight or obese pre-diabetic subjects. (physicianformulas.com)
Zinc carnosine is a novel dietary supplement ingredient that targets stomach health. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
Carnosine is a dietary compound, which has been investigated for its neuronal protection properties in animal and human studies. (hplusmagazine.com)

Carnosine attenuates the development of senile features when used as a supplement to a standard diet of senescence accelerated mice (SAM). (portlandpress.com)
One of the most recent research papers on carnosine suggests that it is a protective supplement recommended for smokers. (antiaging-systems.com)
This confirms the fact that Russian athletes have known for decades, that carnosine is a useful, legal supplement that can enhance sport performance. (antiaging-systems.com)
There is a growing body of evidence indicating potentially favourable effects of carnosine, which is an over-the-counter food supplement, in peripheral tissues. (mdpi.com)
Q. What is the right dosage of carnosine supplement? (physicianformulas.com)
Q. Can carnosine supplement be taken the same day as Mind Power Rx ? (physicianformulas.com)
That's why a daily 1000-mg L-carnosine supplement is highly recommended in any anti-aging program. (betterlife.com)

The interplay between serum carnosine concentration and serum carnosinase activity and polymorphism in the CNDP1 gene is discussed. (nih.gov)
Unfortunately, in humans, L-carnosine is rapidly inactivated by serum carnosinase. (eurekaselect.com)

There is considerable interest in potential ergogenic and therapeutic effects of increasing skeletal muscle carnosine content, although its effects on excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in human muscle have not been defined. (biomedsearch.com)

Zinc carnosine prevents indomethacin induced gut permeability indicating its therapeutic value in stabilizing gut mucosa. (greenmedinfo.com)
Collectively, our findings illustrate a pathogenic role for RCS in obesity-related metabolic disorders and provide validation for a promising new class of carbonyl-scavenging therapeutic compounds rationally derived from carnosine. (jci.org)
Although carnosine has proven its therapeutic efficacy in rodent models of T2DM, little is known about its efficacy to protect cells from iron toxicity. (hindawi.com)
Indeed, Hipkiss and colleagues suggest that carnosine might have therapeutic potential in AD and other neurodegenerative disorders ( Hipkiss, 2007 ). (hplusmagazine.com)

The present study aimed to investigate in three skeletal muscle types the supplementation-induced amplitude of carnosine synthesis and its subsequent elimination on cessation of supplementation (washout). (nih.gov)
Catalyzes the synthesis of carnosine and homocarnosine. (hmdb.ca)

Carnosine can chelate divalent metal ions. (wikipedia.org)
Carnosine helps to chelate ionic metals (flush toxins from the body). (alibaba.com)
The zinc-carnosine chelate in PepZinGI® is highly stable, which allows the nutrients to reside in the gastrointestinal tract for a longer period of time to help fortify the protective mucous membrane lining the stomach and intestines. (endur.com)
A zinc-carnosine chelate compound, PZ, enema may become a useful new add-on treatment to accelerate mucosal healing in UC. (researchmap.jp)

In vitro experiments show carnosine to be a potent scavenger of peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals. (pureprescriptions.com)

A zinc-carnosine compound attenuates fibrosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. (greenmedinfo.com)
It can be concluded that carnosine is a stable compound in human skeletal muscle, confirming the absence of carnosinase in myocytes. (nih.gov)
Carnosine is an amino acid compound found primarily in red meat. (lifeextension.com)
GastricSoothe™ utilizes a compound of zinc and L-carnosine that soothes and protects the gastric mucosal lining. (prohealth.com)
Studies suggest that the zinc/L-carnosine compound may have effects on certain strains of harmful bacteria, such as h. pylori, and, therefore, is able to help maintain a GI environment that is favorable to health. (prohealth.com)
In an eight-week study, 28 patients with gastric discomfort were given a zinc/L-carnosine compound and monitored. (prohealth.com)
Over 60% of these patients remained in the "significantly improved" category well after the treatment was discontinued, suggesting a lasting effect of the zinc/L-carnosine compound beyond the time it is taken. (prohealth.com)

The aim of this study was to further characterize suggested determinants of the muscle carnosine content (diet, gender and age) and to identify new determinants (plasma carnosinase activity and testosterone). (nih.gov)
Muscle carnosine levels are not related to the polymorphism of the CNDP1 gene or to the enzymatic activity of the plasma carnosinase. (nih.gov)

In an in vitro model of macrophage activation, induced by lipopolysaccharide + interferon-gamma (LPS + IFN-γ), we here report the ability of carnosine to modulate pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory activities of macrophages, representing the primary cell type that is activated as a part of the immune response. (ku.edu)

Chapter Five focuses on the protective effects of carnosine and its derivative trolox-carnosine against inflammation and oxidative stress in experimental arthritis, carrageenan induced hind paw edema, chondrocytes under H2O2 injury and degradation of hyaluronan. (novapublishers.com)
What this means is that even if a person relied on red meat for their carnosine, it would not last long enough in the body to provide sustained protective effects. (lifeextension.com)
L-Carnosine displayed a strong protective effect, most likely by chelation of iron mediated toxicity. (hindawi.com)
While most digestive aids focus either on suppressing or neutralizing stomach acid, zinc-carnosine is unique in that it supports the natural protective mechanisms in the GI tract without suppressing stomach acid. (needs.com)

Early research shows that taking carnosine for up to 12 weeks might reduce blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. (webmd.com)
Early research shows that taking carnosine twice daily by mouth for 10 weeks with the prescription drug fluvoxamine might reduce symptoms of repetition by a small amount in people with moderate to severe OCD. (webmd.com)

There is some interest in using carnosine to prevent aging because it seems to interfere with certain chemicals that might play a role in the aging process. (webmd.com)

Here, we assessed the efficacy of L-carnosine as adjuvant to fluvoxamine in OCD treatment. (physicianformulas.com)
In this review, we present and discuss available data on the efficacy of L-carnosine and its derivatives in preventing vascular complications in rodent models of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. (eurekaselect.com)

The study suggested the neuroprotective effects of carnosine should be studied as a possible therapy for ischemic strokes. (wholehealthmd.com)

Carnosine has been proven to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as alpha-beta unsaturated aldehydes formed from peroxidation of cell membrane fatty acids during oxidative stress. (wikipedia.org)
Two of the characteristics of aging, cellular damage and oxidative stress, may benefit from carnosine. (wholehealthmd.com)
A recent laboratory study showed the N-acetyl derivative of carnosine inhibited brain inflammation and oxidative stress. (wholehealthmd.com)
A. A. Boldyrev, Carnosine and Tissue Defence against Oxidative Stress [in Russian], Moscow (1999). (springer.com)
Carnosine prevents lipid peroxidation within the cell membrane, and is believed to be the water-soluble counterpart to vitamin E in protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage. (smart-publications.com)
In regard to general anti-aging effects, several clinical studies have highlighted the potential of carnosine in slowing down the aging process by preventing oxidative damage, as well as glycation. (doctormurray.com)
Significant improvements in cognitive function and reductions in oxidative stress were found in the carnosine group. (doctormurray.com)
In laboratory studies, it has been demonstrated that carnosine has the ability to protect cells against oxidative stress as well as to increase their resistance toward functional exhaustion and accumulation of senile features. (integrativepsychiatry.net)
According to these results carnosine is worth being tested in the treatment of diseases characterized by elevated levels of oxidative stress and inflammation (atherosclerosis, cancer, depression, metabolic syndrome, and neurodegenerative diseases). (ku.edu)
L-carnosine (β-alanyl-Lhistidine) acts as a quencher of the AGE/ALE precursors Reactive Carbonyl Species (RCS), which are highly reactive aldehydes derived from oxidative and non-oxidative modifications of sugars and lipids. (eurekaselect.com)

L-carnosine is a normal chemical component of mammal nervous systems and muscle tissues. (rainbow.coop)
1 Highly concentrated in brain and muscle tissue (including the heart), it turns out that carnosine strikes at multiple molecular targets to delay aging in laboratory animals and human tissues! (lifeextension.com)
Crush KG (1970) Carnosine and related substances in animal tissues. (springer.com)

Carnosine-synthesizing and carnosine-hydrolyzing enzymes are localized in distinct compartments in the nephron and increased CNDP1 levels suggest a higher CNDP1 activity in diabetic kidneys. (mendeley.com)

Carnosine is synthesized more efficiently than homocarnosine. (hmdb.ca)

5 Alone, carnosine had little effect on female flies' life span, but when combined with a water-soluble form of vitamin E, female flies experienced a 36% increase in longevity as well. (lifeextension.com)
L-Carnosine, one of the most abundant water-soluble nitrogen compounds found in muscle. (puritan.com)

L-carnosine may neutralize lactic acid and surprisingly the human muscle contains 20 mM carnosine while mouse muscle contains only 1 mM. (rainbow.coop)
In muscles, carnosine neutralizes the extensive formation of lactic acid during high intensity exercise, and promotes recovery from exercise. (doctormurray.com)
Best known for its ability to buffer lactic acid, carnosine also protects cells from free radical damage. (nutritionexpress.com)

Doctor's Best Zinc Carnosine Complex with PepZin GI (formerly known as Doctor`s Best PepZin GI) is a complex of zinc and L-Carnosine which may help to support healthy gastric function. (bodykind.com)
Zinc Carnosine Complex with PepZin GI acts by supporting the integrity of stomach cells and promotes healthy mucus secretions from stomach cells while maintaining a healthy bacterial balance in the GI tract. (bodykind.com)
Doctor's Best Zinc Carnosine Complex with PepZin GI also may help to relieve occasional gastric discomfort. (bodykind.com)
Doctor`s Best Zinc Carnosine Complex with PepZin GI may also help to maintain the bacterial balance of the stomach and GI tract. (bodykind.com)
Below are reviews of Zinc Carnosine Complex with PepZin Gl - 120 Vegicaps by bodykind customers. (bodykind.com)

Almost ten years ago, Life Extension® published compelling data showing that supplementation with higher-dose carnosine induced a wide range of anti-aging effects, including marked reductions in lethal glycation reactions. (lifeextension.com)

Emerging evidence shows that carnosine could also act as a cytoplasmic Ca-H exchanger and form stable conjugates with exercise-induced reactive aldehydes. (nih.gov)
Carnosine has specifically been shown to block a highly reactive end product of lipid peroxidation called malondialdegyde (MDA). (smart-publications.com)
Carnosine may attenuate acidosis by acting as a pH buffer, but improved contractile performance may also be obtained by improved excitation-contraction coupling and defence against reactive oxygen species. (antiaging-systems.com)

Carnosine protects against the adverse effects of high glucose levels on renal cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
Carnosine protects cell and tissue structures during the aging process through its free-radical neutralizing and membrane-stabilizing functions. (nowfoods.com)

Carnosine, an essential peptide, plays an integral role. (elizabethgrant.com)

Carnosine is engaged in different metabolic pathways in the kidney. (nih.gov)
Little human data exist about the dynamics of the muscle carnosine content, its metabolic regulation, and its dependence on muscle fiber type. (nih.gov)
Metabolic affects of L-carnosine include blood pressure and blood sugar regulation, appetite control, fat breakdown and energy production, according to a study published in the July 2012 issue of the journal "Amino Acids. (sfgate.com)

Carnosine can inhibit sympathetic nervous system activity that otherwise promotes hypertension, thus diminishing obesity-associated blood pressure elevations. (lifeextension.com)
In animal studies, carnosine has been shown to inhibit intestinal uptake of several antibiotics. (pureprescriptions.com)

L-carnosine also prevents lipids in the brain from becoming oxidized and may be useful for treatment and prevention of a variety of neurologic conditions, including Alzheimer's Parkinson's. (sfgate.com)

Carnosine is in type I and II muscle fibers, especially in type II muscle fibers. (rainbow.coop)
Effects of carnosine on contractile apparatus Ca²⁺ sensitivity and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ release in human skeletal muscle fibers. (biomedsearch.com)

L-Carnosine supports healthy aging and cellular rejuvenation by its effects on two mechanisms: Glycation and Free Radical Damage. (nutrabio.com)

Nobody knows for sure what the ideal dosage of carnosine is in humans, and every person is different. (physicianformulas.com)
The efficacy and safety of zinc-carnosine for supporting GI mucosal health has been demonstrated in humans in numerous published doubleblind and open-label clinical trials. (needs.com)
This has not been shown in humans, but it might be wise for those taking antibiotics to make sure they don't take carnosine at the same time. (pureprescriptions.com)

Carnosine has a pKa value of 6.83, making it a good buffer for the pH range of animal muscles. (wikipedia.org)
Carnosine is important for many normal body functions including the proper function and development of the muscles, heart , liver , kidneys , brain , and many other organs. (webmd.com)
Carnosine is found in liver, brain and skeletal muscles. (rainbow.coop)
Carnosine appears to be concentrated in muscles that are actively contracting and may be lower in conditions such as muscular dystrophy, a condition involving muscle tissue loss and muscle weakness. (wholehealthmd.com)
There is a high concentration of carnosine found in actively contracting muscles, and a low concentration found in weakened muscles, such as those affected by muscular dystrophy. (smart-publications.com)
Carnosine gives muscles a boost that allows you to train at a higher intensity. (nutritionexpress.com)
L-Carnosine is found in all cells, but in higher quantities in muscles, heart, kidney and brain cells. (regenerativenutrition.com)
Animals that have longer life spans are found to have more carnosine in their muscles than those with short life spans. (drvitaminsolutions.com)

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Polaprezinc protects gastric mucosal cells from noxious agents through antioxidant properties in vitro. (1/198)

Polaprezinc, a mucosal protective agent, in combination with lansoprazole, amoxycillin and clarithromycin increases the cure rate of Helicobacter pylori infection. (2/198)

Carnosine stimulates vimentin expression in cultured rat fibroblasts. (3/198)

Polaprezinc down-regulates proinflammatory cytokine-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activiation and interleukin-8 expression in gastric epithelial cells. (4/198)

Hydrogen peroxide-mediated Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase fragmentation: protection by carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine. (5/198)

Heme-dependent radical generation: possible involvement in antimalarial action of non-peroxide microbial metabolites, nanaomycin A and radicicol. (6/198)

Amino acid flux in ruminal and gastric veins of sheep: effects of ruminal and omasal injections of free amino acids and carnosine. (7/198)

Effects of carnosine and related compounds on the stability and morphology of erythrocytes from alcoholics. (8/198)

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Polaprezinc protects gastric mucosal cells from noxious agents through antioxidant properties in vitro. (1/198)

Polaprezinc, a mucosal protective agent, in combination with lansoprazole, amoxycillin and clarithromycin increases the cure rate of Helicobacter pylori infection. (2/198)

Carnosine stimulates vimentin expression in cultured rat fibroblasts. (3/198)

Polaprezinc down-regulates proinflammatory cytokine-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activiation and interleukin-8 expression in gastric epithelial cells. (4/198)

Hydrogen peroxide-mediated Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase fragmentation: protection by carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine. (5/198)

Heme-dependent radical generation: possible involvement in antimalarial action of non-peroxide microbial metabolites, nanaomycin A and radicicol. (6/198)

Amino acid flux in ruminal and gastric veins of sheep: effects of ruminal and omasal injections of free amino acids and carnosine. (7/198)

Effects of carnosine and related compounds on the stability and morphology of erythrocytes from alcoholics. (8/198)

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