AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceHealth Care
Cardiomyopathy, DilatedCardiomyopathy, HypertrophicCardiomyopathiesCardiomyopathy, RestrictiveTakotsubo CardiomyopathyCardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, FamilialChagas CardiomyopathyMyocardiumCardiomyopathy, AlcoholicEchocardiographyArrhythmogenic Right Ventricular DysplasiaDiabetic CardiomyopathiesElectrocardiographyVentricular Function, LeftMyocarditisVentricular Dysfunction, LeftHeart VentriclesHeart SeptumHeart FailureVentricular Outflow ObstructionMyocardial ContractionMyocytes, CardiacHeartStroke VolumeDeath, Sudden, CardiacCardiac MyosinsPeripartum PeriodEchocardiography, DopplerVentricular MyosinsFibrosisTachycardia, VentricularSarcomeresEndomyocardial FibrosisPedigreeMyocardial IschemiaMyosin Heavy ChainsHypertrophy, Left VentricularArrhythmias, CardiacEndocardiumPlakophilinsHeart TransplantationMutationLamin Type AVentricular RemodelingTroponin THemodynamicsCardiac Pacing, ArtificialDiastoleHeart DiseasesPuerperal DisordersSarcoglycansCardiomegalyDefibrillators, ImplantableDeath, SuddenMagnetic Resonance Imaging, CineDesmoglein 2Follow-Up StudiesSystoleMice, TransgenicDisease Models, AnimalCardiac CatheterizationGlycogen Storage Disease Type IIbPhenotypeMutation, MissenseIsolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular MyocardiumPregnancy Complications, CardiovascularDesminDystrophinTreatment OutcomeVentricular DysfunctionAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsMitral ValveHeart Function TestsMitral Valve InsufficiencyAblation Techniques3-IodobenzylguanidinePrognosisCardiotonic AgentsCatheter AblationTime FactorsHeart BlockPredictive Value of TestsBiopsyMuscular Dystrophy, DuchenneSyncopeEpicardial MappingTropomyosinElectrocardiography, AmbulatoryProspective StudiesVentricular Dysfunction, RightConnectinMyofibrilsMitochondria, HeartBundle-Branch BlockElectrophysiologic Techniques, CardiacTroponin IMyosinsEchocardiography, Doppler, ColorTachycardiaCoxsackievirus Infections
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).
Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease in which the ventricular walls are excessively rigid, impeding ventricular filling. It is marked by reduced diastolic volume of either or both ventricles but normal or nearly normal systolic function. It may be idiopathic or associated with other diseases (ENDOMYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS or AMYLOIDOSIS) causing interstitial fibrosis.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
A transient left ventricular apical dysfunction or ballooning accompanied by electrocardiographic (ECG) T wave inversions. This abnormality is associated with high levels of CATECHOLAMINES, either administered or endogenously secreted from a tumor or during extreme stress.
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial
An autosomal dominant inherited form of HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY. It results from any of more than 50 mutations involving genes encoding contractile proteins such as VENTRICULAR MYOSINS; cardiac TROPONIN T; ALPHA-TROPOMYOSIN.
Chagas Cardiomyopathy
A disease of the CARDIAC MUSCLE developed subsequent to the initial protozoan infection by TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI. After infection, less than 10% develop acute illness such as MYOCARDITIS (mostly in children). The disease then enters a latent phase without clinical symptoms until about 20 years later. Myocardial symptoms of advanced CHAGAS DISEASE include conduction defects (HEART BLOCK) and CARDIOMEGALY.
Myocardium
The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.
Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic
Disease of CARDIAC MUSCLE resulting from chronic excessive alcohol consumption. Myocardial damage can be caused by: (1) a toxic effect of alcohol; (2) malnutrition in alcoholics such as THIAMINE DEFICIENCY; or (3) toxic effect of additives in alcoholic beverages such as COBALT. This disease is usually manifested by DYSPNEA and palpitations with CARDIOMEGALY and congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).
Echocardiography
Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic.
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
A congenital cardiomyopathy that is characterized by infiltration of adipose and fibrous tissue into the RIGHT VENTRICLE wall and loss of myocardial cells. Primary injuries usually are at the free wall of right ventricular and right atria resulting in ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies
Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.
Electrocardiography
Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY.
Ventricular Function, Left
The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the left HEART VENTRICLE. Its measurement is an important aspect of the clinical evaluation of patients with heart disease to determine the effects of the disease on cardiac performance.
Myocarditis
Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.
Heart Ventricles
The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.
Heart Septum
This structure includes the thin muscular atrial septum between the two HEART ATRIA, and the thick muscular ventricular septum between the two HEART VENTRICLES.
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.
Ventricular Outflow Obstruction
Occlusion of the outflow tract in either the LEFT VENTRICLE or the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This may result from CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS, predisposing heart diseases, complications of surgery, or HEART NEOPLASMS.
Myocardial Contraction
Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.
Myocytes, Cardiac
Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, CARDIAC).
Heart
The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.
Stroke Volume
The amount of BLOOD pumped out of the HEART per beat, not to be confused with cardiac output (volume/time). It is calculated as the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume.
Death, Sudden, Cardiac
Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)
Cardiac Myosins
Myosin type II isoforms found in cardiac muscle.
Peripartum Period
The period shortly before, during, and immediately after giving birth.
Echocardiography, Doppler
Measurement of intracardiac blood flow using an M-mode and/or two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiogram while simultaneously recording the spectrum of the audible Doppler signal (e.g., velocity, direction, amplitude, intensity, timing) reflected from the moving column of red blood cells.
Ventricular Myosins
Isoforms of MYOSIN TYPE II, specifically found in the ventricular muscle of the HEART. Defects in the genes encoding ventricular myosins result in FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY.
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.
Tachycardia, Ventricular
An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).
Sarcomeres
The repeating contractile units of the MYOFIBRIL, delimited by Z bands along its length.
Endomyocardial Fibrosis
A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).
Pedigree
The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).
Myosin Heavy Chains
The larger subunits of MYOSINS. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kDa and each heavy chain is usually associated with a dissimilar pair of MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. The heavy chains possess actin-binding and ATPase activity.
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.
Endocardium
The innermost layer of the heart, comprised of endothelial cells.
Plakophilins
Members of the armadillo family of proteins that are found in DESMOSOMES and interact with various proteins including desmocadherins; DESMOPLAKIN; ACTIN FILAMENTS; and KERATINS.
Heart Transplantation
The transference of a heart from one human or animal to another.
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Lamin Type A
A subclass of developmentally regulated lamins having a neutral isoelectric point. They are found to disassociate from nuclear membranes during mitosis.
Ventricular Remodeling
The geometric and structural changes that the HEART VENTRICLES undergo, usually following MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. It comprises expansion of the infarct and dilatation of the healthy ventricle segments. While most prevalent in the left ventricle, it can also occur in the right ventricle.
Troponin T
One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It is a cardiac-specific protein that binds to TROPOMYOSIN. It is released from damaged or injured heart muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Defects in the gene encoding troponin T result in FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY.
Hemodynamics
The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.
Cardiac Pacing, Artificial
Regulation of the rate of contraction of the heart muscles by an artificial pacemaker.
Diastole
Post-systolic relaxation of the HEART, especially the HEART VENTRICLES.
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.
Puerperal Disorders
Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.
Sarcoglycans
A family of transmembrane dystrophin-associated proteins that play a role in the membrane association of the DYSTROPHIN-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN COMPLEX.
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.
Defibrillators, Implantable
Implantable devices which continuously monitor the electrical activity of the heart and automatically detect and terminate ventricular tachycardia (TACHYCARDIA, VENTRICULAR) and VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. They consist of an impulse generator, batteries, and electrodes.
Death, Sudden
The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine
A type of imaging technique used primarily in the field of cardiology. By coordinating the fast gradient-echo MRI sequence with retrospective ECG-gating, numerous short time frames evenly spaced in the cardiac cycle are produced. These images are laced together in a cinematic display so that wall motion of the ventricles, valve motion, and blood flow patterns in the heart and great vessels can be visualized.
Desmoglein 2
A CALCIUM-dependent adhesion molecule of DESMOSOMES that also plays a role in embryonic STEM CELL proliferation.
Follow-Up Studies
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
Systole
Period of contraction of the HEART, especially of the HEART VENTRICLES.
Mice, Transgenic
Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Cardiac Catheterization
Procedures in which placement of CARDIAC CATHETERS is performed for therapeutic or diagnostic procedures.
Glycogen Storage Disease Type IIb
An X-linked dominant multisystem disorder resulting in cardiomyopathy, myopathy and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. It is caused by mutation in the gene encoding LYSOSOMAL-ASSOCIATED MEMBRANE PROTEIN 2.
Phenotype
The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.
Mutation, Missense
A mutation in which a codon is mutated to one directing the incorporation of a different amino acid. This substitution may result in an inactive or unstable product. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, King & Stansfield, 5th ed)
Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium
Rare congenital cardiomyopathies characterized by the lack of left ventricular myocardium compaction. The noncompaction results in numerous prominent trabeculations and a loose myocardial meshwork (spongy myocardium) in the LEFT VENTRICLE. Heterogeneous clinical features include diminished systolic function sometimes associated with left ventricular dilation, that presents either neonatally or progressively. Often, the RIGHT VENTRICLE is also affected. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; PULMONARY EMBOLISM; and ventricular ARRHYTHMIA are commonly seen.
Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular
The co-occurrence of pregnancy and a cardiovascular disease. The disease may precede or follow FERTILIZATION and it may or may not have a deleterious effect on the pregnant woman or FETUS.
Desmin
An intermediate filament protein found predominantly in smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle cells. Localized at the Z line. MW 50,000 to 55,000 is species dependent.
Dystrophin
A muscle protein localized in surface membranes which is the product of the Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy gene. Individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually lack dystrophin completely while those with Becker muscular dystrophy have dystrophin of an altered size. It shares features with other cytoskeletal proteins such as SPECTRIN and alpha-actinin but the precise function of dystrophin is not clear. One possible role might be to preserve the integrity and alignment of the plasma membrane to the myofibrils during muscle contraction and relaxation. MW 400 kDa.
Treatment Outcome
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Ventricular Dysfunction
A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
Drugs that bind to but do not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of beta-adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic beta-antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches, and anxiety.
Mitral Valve
The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart.
Heart Function Tests
Examinations used to diagnose and treat heart conditions.
Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.
Ablation Techniques
Removal of tissue by vaporization, abrasion, or destruction. Methods used include heating tissue by hot liquids or microwave thermal heating, freezing (CRYOABLATION), chemical ablation, and photoablation with LASERS.
3-Iodobenzylguanidine
A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.
Prognosis
A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.
Cardiotonic Agents
Agents that have a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. They may be CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES; SYMPATHOMIMETICS; or other drugs. They are used after MYOCARDIAL INFARCT; CARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; in SHOCK; or in congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).
Catheter Ablation
Removal of tissue with electrical current delivered via electrodes positioned at the distal end of a catheter. Energy sources are commonly direct current (DC-shock) or alternating current at radiofrequencies (usually 750 kHz). The technique is used most often to ablate the AV junction and/or accessory pathways in order to interrupt AV conduction and produce AV block in the treatment of various tachyarrhythmias.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Heart Block
Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse that can occur anywhere along the conduction pathway, such as between the SINOATRIAL NODE and the right atrium (SA block) or between atria and ventricles (AV block). Heart blocks can be classified by the duration, frequency, or completeness of conduction block. Reversibility depends on the degree of structural or functional defects.
Predictive Value of Tests
In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.
Biopsy
Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne
An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)
Syncope
A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)
Epicardial Mapping
Recording the locations and measurements of electrical activity in the EPICARDIUM by placing electrodes on the surface of the heart to analyze the patterns of activation and to locate arrhythmogenic sites.
Tropomyosin
A protein found in the thin filaments of muscle fibers. It inhibits contraction of the muscle unless its position is modified by TROPONIN.
Electrocardiography, Ambulatory
Method in which prolonged electrocardiographic recordings are made on a portable tape recorder (Holter-type system) or solid-state device ("real-time" system), while the patient undergoes normal daily activities. It is useful in the diagnosis and management of intermittent cardiac arrhythmias and transient myocardial ischemia.
Prospective Studies
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Ventricular Dysfunction, Right
A condition in which the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the right ventricular wall.
Connectin
A giant elastic protein of molecular mass ranging from 2,993 kDa (cardiac), 3,300 kDa (psoas), to 3,700 kDa (soleus) having a kinase domain. The amino- terminal is involved in a Z line binding, and the carboxy-terminal region is bound to the myosin filament with an overlap between the counter-connectin filaments at the M line.
Myofibrils
The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES .
Mitochondria, Heart
The mitochondria of the myocardium.
Bundle-Branch Block
A form of heart block in which the electrical stimulation of HEART VENTRICLES is interrupted at either one of the branches of BUNDLE OF HIS thus preventing the simultaneous depolarization of the two ventricles.
Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac
Methods to induce and measure electrical activities at specific sites in the heart to diagnose and treat problems with the heart's electrical system.
Troponin I
One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It inhibits F-actin-myosin interactions.
Myosins
A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.
Echocardiography, Doppler, Color
Echocardiography applying the Doppler effect, with the superposition of flow information as colors on a gray scale in a real-time image.
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.
Coxsackievirus Infections
A heterogeneous group of infections produced by coxsackieviruses, including HERPANGINA, aseptic meningitis (MENINGITIS, ASEPTIC), a common-cold-like syndrome, a non-paralytic poliomyelitis-like syndrome, epidemic pleurodynia (PLEURODYNIA, EPIDEMIC) and a serious MYOCARDITIS.
Pericarditis, Constrictive
Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM that is characterized by the fibrous scarring and adhesion of both serous layers, the VISCERAL PERICARDIUM and the PARIETAL PERICARDIUM leading to the loss of pericardial cavity. The thickened pericardium severely restricts cardiac filling. Clinical signs include FATIGUE, muscle wasting, and WEIGHT LOSS.
Case-Control Studies
Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.
Coronary Circulation
The circulation of blood through the CORONARY VESSELS of the HEART.
Propanolamines
AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the propanolamine (NH2CH2CHOHCH2) group and its derivatives.
Heart-Assist Devices
Small pumps, often implantable, designed for temporarily assisting the heart, usually the LEFT VENTRICLE, to pump blood. They consist of a pumping chamber and a power source, which may be partially or totally external to the body and activated by electromagnetic motors.
Retrospective Studies
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Pacemaker, Artificial
A device designed to stimulate, by electric impulses, contraction of the heart muscles. It may be temporary (external) or permanent (internal or internal-external).
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.
Genetic Testing
Detection of a MUTATION; GENOTYPE; KARYOTYPE; or specific ALLELES associated with genetic traits, heritable diseases, or predisposition to a disease, or that may lead to the disease in descendants. It includes prenatal genetic testing.
Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed
Echocardiography applying the Doppler effect, with velocity detection combined with range discrimination. Short bursts of ultrasound are transmitted at regular intervals and the echoes are demodulated as they return.
Iodobenzenes
Desmocollins
A group of desmosomal cadherins with cytoplasmic tails that are divergent from those of classical CADHERINS. Their intracytoplasmic domains bind PLAKOGLOBIN; PLAKOPHILINS; and DESMOPLAKINS.
DNA Mutational Analysis
Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.
LIM Domain Proteins
A large class of structurally-related proteins that contain one or more LIM zinc finger domains. Many of the proteins in this class are involved in intracellular signaling processes and mediate their effects via LIM domain protein-protein interactions. The name LIM is derived from the first three proteins in which the motif was found: LIN-11, Isl1 and Mec-3.
Severity of Illness Index
Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.
Metoprolol
A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Desmoplakins
Desmoplakins are cytoskeletal linker proteins that anchor INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS to the PLASMA MEMBRANE at DESMOSOMES.
Heart Conduction System
An impulse-conducting system composed of modified cardiac muscle, having the power of spontaneous rhythmicity and conduction more highly developed than the rest of the heart.
Noonan Syndrome
A genetically heterogeneous, multifaceted disorder characterized by short stature, webbed neck, ptosis, skeletal malformations, hypertelorism, hormonal imbalance, CRYPTORCHIDISM, multiple cardiac abnormalities (most commonly including PULMONARY VALVE STENOSIS), and some degree of INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. The phenotype bears similarities to that of TURNER SYNDROME that occurs only in females and has its basis in a 45, X karyotype abnormality. Noonan syndrome occurs in both males and females with a normal karyotype (46,XX and 46,XY). Mutations in a several genes (PTPN11, KRAS, SOS1, NF1 and RAF1) have been associated the the NS phenotype. Mutations in PTPN11 are the most common. LEOPARD SYNDROME, a disorder that has clinical features overlapping those of Noonan Syndrome, is also due to mutations in PTPN11. In addition, there is overlap with the syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome due to mutations in NF1.
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1
A subclass of beta-adrenergic receptors (RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC, BETA). The adrenergic beta-1 receptors are equally sensitive to EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE and bind the agonist DOBUTAMINE and the antagonist METOPROLOL with high affinity. They are found in the HEART, juxtaglomerular cells, and in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Desmosomes
A type of junction that attaches one cell to its neighbor. One of a number of differentiated regions which occur, for example, where the cytoplasmic membranes of adjacent epithelial cells are closely apposed. It consists of a circular region of each membrane together with associated intracellular microfilaments and an intercellular material which may include, for example, mucopolysaccharides. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Ventricular Pressure
The pressure within a CARDIAC VENTRICLE. Ventricular pressure waveforms can be measured in the beating heart by catheterization or estimated using imaging techniques (e.g., DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY). The information is useful in evaluating the function of the MYOCARDIUM; CARDIAC VALVES; and PERICARDIUM, particularly with simultaneous measurement of other (e.g., aortic or atrial) pressures.
Muscle Proteins
The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.
Carbazoles
Benzo-indoles similar to CARBOLINES which are pyrido-indoles. In plants, carbazoles are derived from indole and form some of the INDOLE ALKALOIDS.
Exercise Test
Controlled physical activity which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used.
Dobutamine
A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.
Ventricular Premature Complexes
A type of cardiac arrhythmia with premature contractions of the HEART VENTRICLES. It is characterized by the premature QRS complex on ECG that is of abnormal shape and great duration (generally >129 msec). It is the most common form of all cardiac arrhythmias. Premature ventricular complexes have no clinical significance except in concurrence with heart diseases.
Cardiac Output, Low
A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.
Fatal Outcome
Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.
Heart Rate
The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.
Heterozygote
An individual having different alleles at one or more loci regarding a specific character.
Doxorubicin
Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
Diabetes mellitus induced experimentally by administration of various diabetogenic agents or by PANCREATECTOMY.
Friedreich Ataxia
An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75)
Muscular Dystrophies
A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.
Cardiovascular Agents
Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.
Ventricular Septum
The muscular structure separating the right and the left lower chambers (HEART VENTRICLES) of the heart. The ventricular septum consists of a very small membranous portion just beneath the AORTIC VALVE, and a large thick muscular portion consisting of three sections including the inlet septum, the trabecular septum, and the outlet septum.
Penetrance
The percent frequency with which a dominant or homozygous recessive gene or gene combination manifests itself in the phenotype of the carriers. (From Glossary of Genetics, 5th ed)
Radionuclide Ventriculography
Imaging of a ventricle of the heart after the injection of a radioactive contrast medium. The technique is less invasive than cardiac catheterization and is used to assess ventricular function.
Amyloidosis
A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.
Mitochondrial Myopathies
A group of muscle diseases associated with abnormal mitochondria function.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases
Calcium-transporting ATPases that catalyze the active transport of CALCIUM into the SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM vesicles from the CYTOPLASM. They are primarily found in MUSCLE CELLS and play a role in the relaxation of MUSCLES.
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic
Chemical substances, produced by microorganisms, inhibiting or preventing the proliferation of neoplasms.
Disease Progression
The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.
Ventricular Fibrillation
A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.
Heart Aneurysm
A localized bulging or dilatation in the muscle wall of a heart (MYOCARDIUM), usually in the LEFT VENTRICLE. Blood-filled aneurysms are dangerous because they may burst. Fibrous aneurysms interfere with the heart function through the loss of contractility. True aneurysm is bound by the vessel wall or cardiac wall. False aneurysms are HEMATOMA caused by myocardial rupture.
Atrial Natriuretic Factor
A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.
Sports
Activities or games, usually involving physical effort or skill. Reasons for engagement in sports include pleasure, competition, and/or financial reward.
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers. Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.
Risk Factors
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Trypanosoma cruzi
The agent of South American trypanosomiasis or CHAGAS DISEASE. Its vertebrate hosts are man and various domestic and wild animals. Insects of several species are vectors.
Enterovirus B, Human
A species of ENTEROVIRUS infecting humans and containing 36 serotypes. It is comprised of all the echoviruses and a few coxsackieviruses, including all of those previously named coxsackievirus B.
Gadolinium DTPA
A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)
Barth Syndrome
Rare congenital X-linked disorder of lipid metabolism. Barth syndrome is transmitted in an X-linked recessive pattern. The syndrome is characterized by muscular weakness, growth retardation, DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY, variable NEUTROPENIA, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (type II) and decreases in mitochondrial CARDIOLIPIN level. Other biochemical and morphological mitochondrial abnormalities also exist.
Atrioventricular Block
Impaired impulse conduction from HEART ATRIA to HEART VENTRICLES. AV block can mean delayed or completely blocked impulse conduction.
Enterovirus
A genus of the family PICORNAVIRIDAE whose members preferentially inhabit the intestinal tract of a variety of hosts. The genus contains many species. Newly described members of human enteroviruses are assigned continuous numbers with the species designated "human enterovirus".
Genotype
The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Contrast Media
Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.
Papillary Muscles
Conical muscular projections from the walls of the cardiac ventricles, attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the chordae tendineae.
Coronary Angiography
Radiography of the vascular system of the heart muscle after injection of a contrast medium.
Body Surface Potential Mapping
Recording of regional electrophysiological information by analysis of surface potentials to give a complete picture of the effects of the currents from the heart on the body surface. It has been applied to the diagnosis of old inferior myocardial infarction, localization of the bypass pathway in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, recognition of ventricular hypertrophy, estimation of the size of a myocardial infarct, and the effects of different interventions designed to reduce infarct size. The limiting factor at present is the complexity of the recording and analysis, which requires 100 or more electrodes, sophisticated instrumentation, and dedicated personnel. (Braunwald, Heart Disease, 4th ed)
Survival Analysis
A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Phonocardiography
Graphic registration of the heart sounds picked up as vibrations and transformed by a piezoelectric crystal microphone into a varying electrical output according to the stresses imposed by the sound waves. The electrical output is amplified by a stethograph amplifier and recorded by a device incorporated into the electrocardiograph or by a multichannel recording machine.
Carrier Proteins
Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.
Gated Blood-Pool Imaging
Radionuclide ventriculography where scintigraphic data is acquired during repeated cardiac cycles at specific times in the cycle, using an electrocardiographic synchronizer or gating device. Analysis of right ventricular function is difficult with this technique; that is best evaluated by first-pass ventriculography (VENTRICULOGRAPHY, FIRST-PASS).
Angiocardiography
Radiography of the heart and great vessels after injection of a contrast medium.
gamma Catenin
A multi-functional catenin that is highly homologous to BETA CATENIN. Gamma catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It is also found in DESMOSOMES where it mediates the link between DESMOSOMAL CADHERINS and DESMOPLAKIN.
Mice, Inbred mdx
A strain of mice arising from a spontaneous MUTATION (mdx) in inbred C57BL mice. This mutation is X chromosome-linked and produces viable homozygous animals that lack the muscle protein DYSTROPHIN, have high serum levels of muscle ENZYMES, and possess histological lesions similar to human MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY. The histological features, linkage, and map position of mdx make these mice a worthy animal model of DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY.
Gadolinium
Gadolinium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.
Ventricular Function, Right
The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the right HEART VENTRICLE.
Heart Atria
The chambers of the heart, to which the BLOOD returns from the circulation.
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.
Fabry Disease
An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders.
Survival Rate
The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.
LEOPARD Syndrome
An autosomal dominant disorder with an acronym of its seven features (LENTIGO; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM abnormalities; ocular HYPERTELORISM; PULMONARY STENOSIS; abnormal genitalia; retardation of growth; and DEAFNESS or SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS). This syndrome is caused by mutations of PTPN11 gene encoding the non-receptor PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE, type 11, and is an allelic to NOONAN SYNDROME. Features of LEOPARD syndrome overlap with those of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1 which is caused by mutations in the NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1 GENES.
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
Amiodarone
An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.
Ethanol
A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
Echocardiography, Stress
A method of recording heart motion and internal structures by combining ultrasonic imaging with exercise testing (EXERCISE TEST) or pharmacologic stress.
Endocardial Fibroelastosis
A condition characterized by the thickening of ENDOCARDIUM due to proliferation of fibrous and elastic tissue, usually in the left ventricle leading to impaired cardiac function (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE). It is most commonly seen in young children and rarely in adults. It is often associated with congenital heart anomalies (HEART DEFECTS CONGENITAL;) INFECTION; or gene mutation. Defects in the tafazzin protein, encoded by TAZ gene, result in a form of autosomal dominant familial endocardial fibroelastosis.
alpha-Crystallin B Chain
One of the alpha crystallin subunits. In addition to being expressed in the lens (LENS, CRYSTALLINE), alpha-crystallin B chain has been found in a variety of tissues such as HEART; BRAIN; MUSCLE; and KIDNEY. Accumulation of the protein in the brain is associated with NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES such as CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB SYNDROME and ALEXANDER DISEASE.
Biological Markers
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
Pericardium
A conical fibro-serous sac surrounding the HEART and the roots of the great vessels (AORTA; VENAE CAVAE; PULMONARY ARTERY). Pericardium consists of two sacs: the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium. The latter consists of an outer parietal layer facing the fibrous pericardium, and an inner visceral layer (epicardium) resting next to the heart, and a pericardial cavity between these two layers.
Exercise Tolerance
The exercise capacity of an individual as measured by endurance (maximal exercise duration and/or maximal attained work load) during an EXERCISE TEST.
Totiviridae
A family of RNA viruses that infect fungi and protozoa. There are three genera: TOTIVIRUS; GIARDIAVIRUS; and LEISHMANIAVIRUS.
Cardiac Complexes, Premature
A group of cardiac arrhythmias in which the cardiac contractions are not initiated at the SINOATRIAL NODE. They include both atrial and ventricular premature beats, and are also known as extra or ectopic heartbeats. Their frequency is increased in heart diseases.
Myocardial Stunning
Prolonged dysfunction of the myocardium after a brief episode of severe ischemia, with gradual return of contractile activity.
Organ Size
The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.
Risk Assessment
The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta
One of two major pharmacologically defined classes of adrenergic receptors. The beta adrenergic receptors play an important role in regulating CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxation, and GLYCOGENOLYSIS.
Oxidative Stress
A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
The restoration of the sequential order of contraction and relaxation of the HEART ATRIA and HEART VENTRICLES by atrio-biventricular pacing.
Desmosomal Cadherins
A single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate CALCIUM-dependent CELL ADHESION and are core components of DESMOSOMES.
Cardiotoxins
Agents that have a damaging effect on the HEART. Such damage can occur from ALKYLATING AGENTS; FREE RADICALS; or metabolites from OXIDATIVE STRESS and in some cases is countered by CARDIOTONIC AGENTS. Induction of LONG QT SYNDROME or TORSADES DE POINTES has been the reason for viewing some drugs as cardiotoxins.
Ventricular Function
The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the HEART VENTRICLES.
Mitochondrial Diseases
Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.

Coexistence of mitochondrial DNA and beta myosin heavy chain mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with late congestive heart failure. (1/1667)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible coexistence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in patients with beta myosin heavy chain (beta MHC) linked hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) who develop congestive heart failure. DESIGN: Molecular analysis of beta MHC and mtDNA gene defects in patients with HCM. SETTING: Cardiovascular molecular diagnostic and heart transplantation reference centre in north Italy. PATIENTS: Four patients with HCM who underwent heart transplantation for end stage heart failure, and after pedigree analysis of 60 relatives, eight additional affected patients and 27 unaffected relatives. A total of 111 unrelated healthy adult volunteers served as controls. Disease controls included an additional 27 patients with HCM and 102 with dilated cardiomyopathy. INTERVENTION: Molecular analysis of DNA from myocardial and skeletal muscle tissue and from peripheral blood specimens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Screening for mutations in beta MHC (exons 3-23) and mtDNA tRNA (n = 22) genes with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis or single strand conformational polymorphism followed by automated DNA sequencing. RESULTS: One proband (kindred A) (plus seven affected relatives) had arginine 249 glutamine (Arg249Gln) beta MHC and heteroplasmic mtDNA tRNAIle A4300G mutations. Another unrelated patient (kindred B) with sporadic HCM had identical mutations. The remaining two patients (kindred C), a mother and son, had a novel beta MHC mutation (lysine 450 glutamic acid) (Lys450Glu) and a heteroplasmic missense (T9957C, phenylalanine (Phe)-->leucine (Leu)) mtDNA mutation in subunit III of the cytochrome C oxidase gene. The amount of mutant mtDNA was higher in the myocardium than in skeletal muscle or peripheral blood and in affected patients than in asymptomatic relatives. Mutations were absent in the controls. Pathological and biochemical characteristics of patients with mutations Arg249Gln plus A4300G (kindreds A and B) were identical, but different from those of the two patients with Lys450Glu plus T9957C(Phe-->Leu) mutations (kindred C). Cytochrome C oxidase activity and histoenzymatic staining were severely decreased in the two patients in kindreds A and B, but were unaffected in the two in kindred C. CONCLUSIONS: beta MHC gene and mtDNA mutations may coexist in patients with HCM and end stage congestive heart failure. Although beta MHC gene mutations seem to be the true determinants of HCM, both mtDNA mutations in these patients have known prerequisites for pathogenicity. Coexistence of other genetic abnormalities in beta MHC linked HCM, such as mtDNA mutations, may contribute to variable phenotypic expression and explain the heterogeneous behaviour of HCM.  (+info)

Altered crossbridge kinetics in the alphaMHC403/+ mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (2/1667)

A mutation in the cardiac beta-myosin heavy chain, Arg403Gln (R403Q), causes a severe form of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) in humans. We used small-amplitude (0.25%) length-perturbation analysis to examine the mechanical properties of skinned left ventricular papillary muscle strips from mouse hearts bearing the R403Q mutation in the alpha-myosin heavy chain (alphaMHC403/+). Myofibrillar disarray with variable penetrance occurred in the left ventricular free wall of the alphaMHC403/+ hearts. In resting strips (pCa 8), dynamic stiffness was approximately 40% greater than in wild-type strips, consistent with elevated diastolic stiffness reported for murine hearts with FHC. At pCa 6 (submaximal activation), strip isometric tension was approximately 3 times higher than for wild-type strips, whereas at pCa 5 (maximal activation), tension was marginally lower. At submaximal calcium activation the characteristic frequencies of the work-producing (b) and work-absorbing (c) steps of the crossbridge were less in alphaMHC403/+ strips than in wild-type strips (b=11+/-1 versus 15+/-1 Hz; c= 58+/-3 versus 66+/-3 Hz; 27 degrees C). At maximal calcium activation, strip oscillatory power was reduced (0. 53+/-0.25 versus 1.03+/-0.18 mW/mm3; 27 degrees C), which is partly attributable to the reduced frequency b, at which crossbridge work is maximum. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the R403Q mutation reduces the strong binding affinity of myosin for actin. Myosin heads may accumulate in a preforce state that promotes cooperative activation of the thin filament at submaximal calcium but blunts maximal tension and oscillatory power output at maximal calcium. The calcium-dependent effect of the mutation (whether facilitating or debilitating), together with a variable degree of fibrosis and myofibrillar disorder, may contribute to the diversity of clinical symptoms observed in murine FHC.  (+info)

Altered cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in mutant mice with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (3/1667)

Excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) remains poorly understood, despite the fact that the genetic alterations are well defined. We characterized calcium cycling and contractile activation in trabeculae from a mutant mouse model of FHC (Arg403Gln knockin, alpha-myosin heavy chain). Wild-type mice of the same strain and age ( approximately 20 weeks old) served as controls. During twitch contractions, peak intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) was higher in mutant muscles than in the wild-type (P < 0.05), but force development was equivalent in the two groups. Ca2+ transient amplitude increased dramatically in both groups as stimulation rate increased from 0.2 to 4 Hz. Nevertheless, developed force fell at the higher stimulation rates in the mutants but not in controls (P < 0.05). The steady-state force-[Ca2+]i relationship was less steep in mutants (Hill coefficient, 2.94 +/- 0.27 vs. 5.28 +/- 0.64; P > 0.003), with no changes in the [Ca2+]i required for 50% activation or maximal Ca2+-activated force. Thus, calcium cycling and myofilament properties are both altered in FHC mutant mice: more Ca2+ is mobilized to generate force, but this does not suffice to maintain contractility at high stimulation rates.  (+info)

Sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: potential importance of altered autonomic control of vasculature. (4/1667)

Current evidence suggests that alterations in the autonomic function and abnormal vascular control play a significant role either as independent triggers themselves or as modifiers of ischaemia and tolerance to to arrhythmias. A combination of several factors--that is, arrhythmia, hypotension, altered autonomic function including vascular control, and ischaemia are therefore likely to act as triggers for sudden death. The relative contribution of each of these factors needs further detailed study.  (+info)

Effects of permanent dual-chamber pacing on mitral regurgitation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. (5/1667)

AIMS: To assess the effects of chronic dual-chamber pacing on mitral regurgitation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-three patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and mitral regurgitation. treated with DDD pacing for 16 +/- 14 months, were included in the study. Mitral regurgitation was assessed by Doppler-echocardiography using semi-quantitative analysis (grades I-IV) and by measuring the maximum regurgitant jet area/left atrial area ratio. At the end of follow-up, DDD pacing reduced the outflow gradient from 93 +/- 37 mmHg to 31 +/- 30 mmHg (P<0.0001). Nine of the 14 patients who initially had > or =grade II mitral regurgitation improved by at least one grade, two of them exhibiting dramatic improvement (from grade IV and III to grade I). The regurgitant jet area/left atrial area ratio was reduced with DDD pacing from 20 +/- 13% to 11 +/- 6% (P<0.0001). Patients who had significant mitral regurgitation despite pacing were those whose outflow gradient remained high or those with mitral valve organic abnormalities (mitral annulus calcification or mitral valve prolapse). In the absence of organic abnormalities other than leaflet elongation, there was a significant correlation between the gradient value achieved with DDD pacing and the extent of mitral regurgitation (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In the absence of organic mitral valve abnormalities, DDD pacing reduces in parallel mitral regurgitation and left ventricular outflow gradient. In such patients therefore, significant mitral regurgitation is not a contraindication to pacing.  (+info)

Rapid progression of cardiomyopathy in mitochondrial diabetes. (6/1667)

Cardiac involvement and its clinical course in a diabetic patient with a mitochondrial tRNA(Leu)(UUR) mutation at position 3243 is reported in a 54-year-old man with no history of hypertension. At age 46, an electrocardiogram showed just T wave abnormalities. At age 49, it fulfilled SV1 + RV5 or 6>35 mm with strain pattern. At age 52, echocardiography revealed definite left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, and abnormally increased mitochondria were shown in biopsied endomyocardial specimens. He was diagnosed as having developed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with the mutation. However, at age 54, SV1 and RV5,6 voltages were decreased, and echocardiography showed diffuse decreased LV wall motion and LV dilatation. Because he had mitochondrial diabetes, the patient's heart rapidly developed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and then it seemed to be changing to a dilated LV with systolic dysfunction. Rapid progression of cardiomyopathy can occur in mitochondrial diabetes.  (+info)

A patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy accompanied by right ventricular dilation of unknown cause. (7/1667)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease characterized by an unknown cause of hypertrophy in the left or right ventricle. The dilated phase of HCM shows disease conditions resembling dilated cardiomyopathy, such as ventricular dilation, thin ventricular wall, and reduction of the ejection fraction. A patient presented with left ventricular concentric hypertrophy accompanied by right ventricular dilatation of unknown cause. Right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy specimens showed characteristic myocardial disarray. Therefore, there is the possibility that the patient had right and left ventricular HCM in the process toward the dilated phase, in which dilatation first occurred in the right ventricle.  (+info)

Ca2+ sensitization and potentiation of the maximum level of myofibrillar ATPase activity caused by mutations of troponin T found in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (8/1667)

Human wild-type cardiac troponin T, I, C and five troponin T mutants (I79N, R92Q, F110I, E244D, and R278C) causing familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were expressed in Escherichia coli, and then were purified and incorporated into rabbit cardiac myofibrils using a troponin exchange technique. The Ca2+-sensitive ATPase activity of these myofibrillar preparations was measured in order to examine the functional consequences of these troponin mutations. An I79N troponin T mutation was found to cause a definite increase in Ca2+ sensitivity of the myofibrillar ATPase activity without inducing any significant change in the maximum level of ATPase activity. A detailed analysis indicated the inhibitory action of troponin I to be impaired by the I79N troponin T mutation. Two more troponin T mutations (R92Q and R278C) were also found to have a Ca2+-sensitizing effect without inducing any change in maximum ATPase activity. Two other troponin T mutations (F110I and E244D) had no Ca2+-sensitizing effects on the ATPase activity, but remarkably potentiated the maximum level of ATPase activity. These findings indicate that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-linked troponin T mutations have at least two different effects on the Ca2+-sensitive ATPase activity, Ca2+-sensitization and potentiation of the maximum level of the ATPase activity.  (+info)

Angiographic Anatomy of the Left Ventricle and Mitral Valve in Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis | CirculationAngiographic Anatomy of the Left Ventricle and Mitral Valve in Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis | Circulation
The angiographic features of the left ventricle were examined in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis who had clinical and hemodynamic evidence of obstruction. Of 36 combined hemodynamic and angiographic studies considered to be technically satisfactory, 33 showed a characteristic combination of abnormalities. In the frontal projection in systole, a linear radiolucent area extended across the left ventricular outflow tract 2 to 2.5 cm below the aortic annulus, at a level corresponding to the site of intraventricular pressure change. In the left oblique and lateral projections, the mitral leaflets did not swing posteriorly in a normal fashion, but projected into the outflow tract during mid and late systole. The radiolucent line, seen in the frontal views, was considered to represent contact of the leading edge of the leaflet with the hypertrophied muscular interventricular septum. The jet of mitral regurgitation, when present, was seen immediately below the anterior mitral ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/36/6/852
On the Question of Obstruction in Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College...On the Question of Obstruction in Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College...
Only 10 years have elapsed since the concept of functional obstruction to left ventricular ejection was introduced to clinical medicine (1), and in the interim the features of obstructive cardiomyopathy, or idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, have become generally recognized. It seems certain that the increasingly frequent recognition of this disease has resulted largely from wider application of left heart catheterization techniques; nevertheless, while the diagnosis initially was based on hemodynamic features peculiar to this disease, it has become possible with increasing experience to recognize and assess the severity of this lesion on clinical grounds alone (2).. Work originating in a ...
http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/681006/question-obstruction-idiopathic-hypertrophic-subaortic-stenosis
Abstract 16222: The Effect of Alcohol Septal Ablation for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy on Mitral Regurgitation |...Abstract 16222: The Effect of Alcohol Septal Ablation for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy on Mitral Regurgitation |...
Introduction: Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is associated with systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, frequently leading to mitral regurgitation (MR). We hypothesized that after septal reduction with alcohol septal ablation (ASA), left ventricular outflow tract gradients would be reduced and mitral regurgitation would improve.. Methods: We reviewed echocardiograms at baseline and 3 month post ASA for 210 consecutive patients treated at the Medical University of South Carolina between 2000 and 2007 for whom complete echo data was available. For each echocardiogram the left atrial end-systolic volume index (LAESVI), resting left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient, degree of mitral regurgitation and mitral regurgitation jet area were assessed.. Results: Mitral regurgitation was seen in 70% of patients at baseline (Figure 1A). ASA significantly reduced regurgitation, with only 41% having mild or greater MR at three months (70% vs 41%, p=,0.001), and nearly eliminated ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/124/Suppl_21/A16222
Transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: feasibility, clinical benefit, and...Transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: feasibility, clinical benefit, and...
Although it is often considered a disease of the young, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is commonly diagnosed in the elderly. Studies have also indicated that this condition may be more common in older patients than is generally recognised, supporting the notion that the elderly may be a large and neglected subset of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Whiting and colleagues35 reported that 32% of patients presenting with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were , 60 years of age, and in a community hospital based series published by Petrin and Tavel,36 83% of patients were , 50 years of age. Krasnow and Stein37 described 23 new cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with 20 of the patients over the age of 50 years and 15 of these patients over the age of 60 years. Likewise, in a study by Lever and colleagues27 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was more commonly diagnosed in patients ⩾ 65 years of age than in those , 40 years of age. Nevertheless, most information about the ...
http://heart.bmj.com/content/90/6/638
Sporadic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to de novo myosin mutations. - CORESporadic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to de novo myosin mutations. - CORE
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occurs as an autosomal dominant familial disorder or as a sporadic disease without familial involvement. While missense mutations in the beta cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene account for approximately half of all cases of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the molecular causes of sporadic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are unknown. To determine whether beta cardiac MHC mutations are also associated with sporadic disease, we screened this gene in seven individuals with sporadic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Mutations in the beta cardiac MHC genes were identified in two probands with sporadic disease. In that their parents were neither clinically nor genetically affected, we conclude that mutations in each proband arose de novo. Transmission of the mutation and disease to an offspring occurred in one pedigree, predicting that these are germline mutations. The demonstration of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy arising within a pedigree coincident with the appearance of a ...
https://core.ac.uk/display/3493184
Apical myectomy for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and advanced heart failure<...Apical myectomy for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and advanced heart failure<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Apical myectomy for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and advanced heart failure. AU - Nguyen, Anita. AU - Schaff, Hartzell V. AU - Nishimura, Rick A.. AU - Geske, Jeffrey B.. AU - Dearani, Joseph A.. AU - King, Katherine S.. AU - Ommen, Steve R.. PY - 2019/1/1. Y1 - 2019/1/1. N2 - Objective: In patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, extensive apical hypertrophy may reduce left ventricular end-diastolic volume and contribute to diastolic dysfunction, angina, and ventricular arrhythmias. Transapical myectomy to augment left ventricular cavity size can increase stroke volume and decrease left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. In this study, we describe early outcomes of patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after transapical myectomy and compare survival with that of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy listed for heart transplantation. Methods: Between September 1993 and March 2017, 113 symptomatic patients with apical hypertrophic ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/apical-myectomy-for-patients-with-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-and
Clinical and echocardiographic predictors of outcomes in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<...Clinical and echocardiographic predictors of outcomes in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Clinical and echocardiographic predictors of outcomes in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AU - Moon, Jeonggeun. AU - Shim, Chi Young. AU - Ha, Jong Won. AU - Cho, In Jeong. AU - Kang, Min Kyung. AU - Yang, Woo In. AU - Jang, Yangsoo. AU - Chung, Namsik. AU - Cho, Seung Yun. PY - 2011/12/1. Y1 - 2011/12/1. N2 - Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) is considered to have a favorable prognosis, but recent observations have suggested less benign clinical courses. We investigated the outcomes in patients with apical HC and evaluated the predictors. All 454 patients with apical HC (316 men, age 61 ± 11 years) were recruited. Major cardiovascular events (MACE) were defined as unplanned hospitalization because of heart failure, stroke, or cardiovascular mortality. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 with MACE and group 2 without MACE. During the follow-up period (43 ± 20 months), the all-cause mortality rate was 9% (39 of 454), and 110 patients (25%) had ...
https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/clinical-and-echocardiographic-predictors-of-outcomes-in-patients
Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Special Entity. | Journal of Lumbini Medical CollegeApical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Special Entity. | Journal of Lumbini Medical College
Sakamoto T, Tei C, Murayama M, Ichiyasu H, Hada Y. Giant T wave inversion as a manifestation of asymmetrical apical hypertrophy (AAH) of the left ventricle: echocardiographic and ultrasono-cardiotomographic study. Jpn Heart J. 1976;17(5):611-29. PMID: 136532. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1536/ihj.17.611 Yamaguchi H, Ishimura T, Nishiyama S, Nagasaki F, Nakanishi S, Takatsu F, et al. Hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy with giant negative T waves (apical hypertrophy): Ventriculographic and echocardiographic features in 30 patients. Am J Cardiol. 1979;44(3):401- 12. PMID: 573056. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(79)90388-6 Eriksson MJ, Sonnenberg B, Woo A, Rakowski P, Parker TG, Wigle ED, et al. Long-term outcome in patients with apical hypertropic cardiomyopathy. J Am Cardiol. 2002;39(4):638- 45. PMID: 11849863. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01778-8 Kitaoka H, Doi Y, Casey SA, Hitomi M, Furuno T, Maron BJ. Comparision of prevalence of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in ...
https://jlmc.edu.np/index.php/JLMC/article/view/296
Intestinal angina in a patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: a case report | Journal of Medical Case Reports |...Intestinal angina in a patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: a case report | Journal of Medical Case Reports |...
Intestinal angina is characterized by recurrent postprandial abdominal pain and anorexia. Commonly, these symptoms are caused by severe stenosis of at least two vessels among the celiac and mesenteric arteries. However, intestinal perfusion is affected not only by the degree of arterial stenosis but also by systemic perfusion. We experienced a unique case of intestinal angina caused by relatively mild stenosis of the abdominal arteries complicated with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. We report an 86-year old Japanese man with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and advanced atrioventricular block who was diagnosed with intestinal angina. Computed tomography showed mild stenosis of the celiac artery and severe stenosis of the inferior mesenteric artery, and these lesions were relatively mild compared with other reports. A dual-chamber pacemaker with right ventricular apical pacing was implanted to improve the obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract. After implantation, the patient
https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13256-016-1055-8/figures/2
Surgical myectomy improves pulmonary hypertension in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<...Surgical myectomy improves pulmonary hypertension in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Surgical myectomy improves pulmonary hypertension in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AU - Geske, Jeffrey B.. AU - Konecny, Tomas. AU - Ommen, Steve R.. AU - Nishimura, Rick A.. AU - Sorajja, Paul. AU - Schaff, Hartzell V.. AU - Ackerman, Michael J.. AU - Gersh, Bernard J.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2014/8/7. Y1 - 2014/8/7. N2 - Aims: Characterization of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and the effects of myectomy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remain poorly defined. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of myectomy on PH in HCM. Methods and results: This is a retrospective analysis of 306 consecutive symptomatic HCM patients (70% NYHA class III-IV) with evaluation of echocardiographic right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) both preceding (median 3 days) and following (median 4 days) myectomy. Compared with patients without PH (RVSP ,35 mmHg, n = 145, 47%), patients with moderate or severe PH (RVSP ≥50 ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/surgical-myectomy-improves-pulmonary-hypertension-in-obstructive-
Dual chamber pacing in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: a case study | American Journal of Critical Care ...Dual chamber pacing in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: a case study | American Journal of Critical Care ...
Implantation of dual chamber pacemakers for symptoms associated with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is being evaluated as an alternative treatment. The effectiveness of this intervention involves programming pacemaker parameters specific to the individual patient. We present a case of a patient diagnosed with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy who underwent dual chamber pacemaker implantation for symptoms refractory to medical therapy. ...
https://aacnjournals.org/ajcconline/article-abstract/4/2/165/6072/Dual-chamber-pacing-in-patients-with-hypertrophic
Evidence from human myectomy samples that MYBPC3 mutations cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy through haploinsufficiency. -...Evidence from human myectomy samples that MYBPC3 mutations cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy through haploinsufficiency. -...
RATIONALE: Most sarcomere gene mutations that cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are missense alleles that encode dominant negative proteins. The potential exceptions are mutations in the MYBPC3 gene (encoding cardiac myosin-binding protein-C [MyBP-C]), which frequently encode truncated proteins. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether there was evidence of haploinsufficiency in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by MYBPC3 mutations by comparing left ventricular muscle from patients undergoing surgical myectomy with samples from donor hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS: MyBP-C protein and mRNA levels were quantitated using immunoblotting and RT-PCR. Nine of 37 myectomy samples had mutations in MYBPC3: 2 missense alleles (Glu258Lys, Arg502Trp) and 7 premature terminations. No specific truncated MyBP-C peptides were detected in whole muscle homogenates of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy tissue. However, the overall level of MyBP-C in myofibrils was significantly reduced (P|0.0005) in tissue containing either a
https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/104238
July | 2016 | Dr. Ben-Zur, Encino, CaliforniaJuly | 2016 | Dr. Ben-Zur, Encino, California
Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS). also called hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), is a genetic form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) Characterized by marked hypertrophy of the interventricular septum:. Reduces the diameter of the left ventricular outflow tract, leading to outflow tract obstruction. Overtime it leads to:. LVH and increased diastolic filling pressure. It is the most common (Mendelian) genetic heart disease, occurring at rate of approximately 1 in 500. Autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with variable penetrance leading to a high degree of phenotypic heterogeneity, which makes genetic testing implausible Monogenic disease where in 1 of the 13 genes lead to a single amino acid change in proteins that compose the sarcomere complex Presents after puberty (Average in mid-20s, but increasingly seen in 40-50s). Common in young athletes. May present with symptoms or sudden cardiac death (SCD). Ordinarily, muscle cells line up linearly In IHSS, ...
https://www.drbenzur.com/2016/07/
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy risk factors - wikidocHypertrophic cardiomyopathy risk factors - wikidoc
Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCOM) is known as a familial genetic disorder. The most potent risk factor in the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy aregenetic mutations in Beta-myosin heavy chain, Myosin binding protein C, and Cardiac troponin T. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy include but not limited to MYH7, TNNT2, TPM1. However, hypertension, thyroid disease, diabetes, and obesity also play a role in non obstructive forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This is in response to chronic effects of abnormal pressure and volumes on the myocardium and is different from apical hypertrophy (Yamaguchi syndrome). ...
https://es.wikidoc.org/index.php/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy_risk_factors
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: The Mayo Clinic experience<...Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: The Mayo Clinic experience<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. T2 - The Mayo Clinic experience. AU - Kotkar, Kunal D.. AU - Said, Sameh M.. AU - Dearani, Joseph A.. AU - Schaff, Hartzell V.. PY - 2017/7/1. Y1 - 2017/7/1. N2 - Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disease characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of other etiologies. Clinical presentation may vary from asymptomatic to sudden cardiac death. Medical treatment is the first-line therapy for symptomatic patients. Extended left ventricular septal myectomy is the procedure of choice if medical treatment is unsuccessful or intolerable. Mayo Clinic experience: More than 3,000 patients have had septal myectomy for HCM at the Mayo Clinic (MN, USA) from 1993 to 2016. Risk of hospital death after isolated septal myectomy for obstructive HCM is , 1% and is similar to the risk of operation for elective mitral valve repair. Complications, such as complete heart block requiring permanent pacemaker, are ...
https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/hypertrophic-obstructive-cardiomyopathy-the-mayo-clinic-experienc
Prognostic implications of novel beta cardiac myosin heavy chain gene mutations that cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy...Prognostic implications of novel beta cardiac myosin heavy chain gene mutations that cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy...
Three novel beta cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene missense mutations, Phe513Cys, Gly716Arg, and Arg719Trp, which cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) are described. One mutation in exon 15 (Phe513Cys) does not alter the charge of the encoded amino acid, and affected family members have a near normal life expectancy. The Gly716Arg mutation (exon 19; charge change of +1) causes FHC in three family members, one of whom underwent transplantation for heart failure. The Arg719Trp mutation (exon 19; charge change of -1) was found in four unrelated FHC families with a high incidence of premature death and an average life expectancy in affected individuals of 38 yr. A comparable high frequency of disease-related deaths in four families with the Arg719Trp mutation suggests that this specific gene defect directly accounts for the observed malignant phenotype. Further, the significantly different life expectancies associated with the Arg719Trp vs. Phe513Cys mutation (P | 0.001) support the
https://www.cardioscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/664240
Benefits of intraoperative echocardiography in the surgical management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<...Benefits of intraoperative echocardiography in the surgical management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Benefits of intraoperative echocardiography in the surgical management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AU - Marwick, Thomas H.. AU - Stewart, William J.. AU - Lever, Harry M.. AU - Lytle, Bruce W.. AU - Rosenkranz, Eliot. AU - Duffy, Carol I.. AU - Salcedo, Ernesto E.. PY - 1992/11/1. Y1 - 1992/11/1. N2 - Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of intraoperative echocardiography in planning the site and extent of myectomy and in ensuring adequate control of the left ventricular outflow tract gradient. Background. Although intraoperative echocardiography has been found to be beneficial in patients undergoing valve repair, its impact on surgical decisions in patients undergoing septal myectomy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has not been described. Methods. In 50 patients undergoing septal myectomy over a 5-year period, epicardial echocardiography was performed before cardiopulmonary bypass to establish the extent of outflow tract obstruction, locate its ...
https://miami.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/benefits-of-intraoperative-echocardiography-in-the-surgical-manag
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A case with a new mutation in the MYBPC3 gene [Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars]Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A case with a new mutation in the MYBPC3 gene [Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars]
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetically heterogeneous disease with variable clinical features that is inherited as autosomal dominant with variable penetrance. Recent developments in genetics of hereditary cardiomyopathy have not only enlightened many points about pathogenesis, but have also provided great benefit to diagnostic approaches of clinicians. Heterozygous mutation of c3691-3692insTTCA in MYBPC3 gene was identified in a pediatric patient with diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at clinic. Hypertrophy was observed in sister and father of the patient in echocardiography screening, and it was subsequently determined that they also had same mutation. This mutation has not previously been defined and reported previously in the literature as cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.. Keywords: Echocardiography, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, molecular genetics, MYBPC ...
http://archivestsc.com/jvi.aspx?pdir=tkd&plng=eng&un=TKDA-56267&look4=
Multidetector computerized tomography can guide and document alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy...Multidetector computerized tomography can guide and document alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Multidetector computerized tomography can guide and document alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. AU - Ghersin, Eduard. AU - Soto, Victor. AU - Heldman, Alan W.. PY - 2011/1/18. Y1 - 2011/1/18. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=78751605593&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=78751605593&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.975599. DO - 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.975599. M3 - Article. C2 - 21242503. AN - SCOPUS:78751605593. VL - 123. JO - Circulation. JF - Circulation. SN - 0009-7322. IS - 2. ER - ...
https://miami.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/multidetector-computerized-tomography-can-guide-and-document-alco
Outcome of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation and...Outcome of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation and...
The short-term results of PTSMA are excellent for the reduction of LVOT obstruction (13,17,32). Previous studies report that mean resting PGs significantly reduced from 60 mm Hg to 14 mm Hg after PTSMA (13,17,32), and other studies with longer follow-up (16,18,33)do not show any recurrence of obstruction over time. One- to two-year follow-up shows continued improvement in symptoms with a mean increase of over one NYHA functional class (16,18,33). More importantly, objective tests show increases of exercise time around 40% over follow-up (18). Recently, Lakkis et al. (18)reported results of a one-year follow-up study in 50 patients. In his study, resting PGs dropped significantly from average 74 ± 23 mm Hg to 6 ± 18 mm Hg, and dobutamine-induced gradient decreased from 84 ± 28 mm Hg to 30 ± 33 mm Hg. The exercise duration increased by 2 min at one year. Similar results were also found in our study, with both resting and provokable PGs significantly reduced immediately after the PTSMA and ...
http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/38/7/1994?ijkey=b2f94b1bdf5b4289943a80886a54ee0220ca1812&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Myocardial disarray - WikipediaMyocardial disarray - Wikipedia
Myocardial disarray, also known as myocyte disarray, is a term to describe the loss of the normal parallel alignment of myocytes (the muscle cells of the heart). Instead, the myocytes usually form circles around foci of connective tissue. Myocardial disarray is associated with myocardial fibrosis (the replacement of the myocytes with non-contractile scar tissue). Myocardial disarray can be seen in a number of disease states, including: Aortic stenosis Congenital heart disease Hypertensive heart disease Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy The common factor amongst all these diseases is that they all cause varying degrees of remodelling (myocardial fibrosis) of the ventricles. Myocardial disarray. A critical review Information from the Stanford Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_disarray
Effects of permanent dual chamber pacing on myocardial perfusion in symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. | HeartEffects of permanent dual chamber pacing on myocardial perfusion in symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. | Heart
OBJECTIVE: Angina and the presence of myocardial ischaemia are common in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Dual chamber pacing results in clinical improvement in these patients. This study evaluates the effects of permanent dual chamber pacing on absolute regional myocardial perfusion and perfusion reserve. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS AND DESIGN: Six patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and severe symptoms of angina received a dual chamber pacemaker. Absolute myocardial regional perfusion and perfusion reserve (dipyridamole 0.56 mg/kg) were measured by dynamic positron emission tomography with 13N-ammonia both during sinus rhythm and 3 months after pacemaker insertion. Results were compared with those from 28 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Pacing resulted in a reduction of anginal complaints and a reduction in intraventricular pressure gradient from 65 (SD 30) mm Hg to 19 (10) mm Hg. During sinus rhythm, baseline perfusion was higher in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy than ...
http://heart.bmj.com/content/76/4/358
Dual chamber pacing relieves obstruction in japanese-variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<...Dual chamber pacing relieves obstruction in japanese-variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Dual chamber pacing relieves obstruction in japanese-variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AU - Wever-Pinzon, Omar. AU - Romero, Jorge E.. AU - Cordova, Juan P.. PY - 2013/9. Y1 - 2013/9. N2 - Japanese-variant or apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a specific type of HCM, first described in Japan and initially thought to carry a benign prognosis. However, current evidence suggests that these patients experience severe symptoms and are at increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and death, especially in the presence of an apical akinetic chamber. The management of patients who do not respond to medical therapy is challenging. We describe a patient with Japanesevariant HCM, with an apical akinetic chamber and severe symptoms who failed medical therapy. The use of dual chamber pacing relieved obstruction and significantly improved the patients symptoms.. AB - Japanese-variant or apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a specific type of HCM, first described in Japan and ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/dual-chamber-pacing-relieves-obstruction-in-japanese-variant-hype
A Phase 2 trial of MYK-461 in patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (nHCM) - AdisInsightA Phase 2 trial of MYK-461 in patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (nHCM) - AdisInsight
This trial will investigate efficacy, safety, tolerability and dose ranging of MYK-461 in patients with symptomatic non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
http://adisinsight.springer.com/trials/700286111?error=cookies_not_supported&code=45fafd15-f715-467d-a3e3-41b8146bfcdd
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinic - Overview - Mayo ClinicHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinic - Overview - Mayo Clinic
Steve R. Ommen: The hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a condition that has been under-diagnosed and overly feared throughout the world. In the United States alone, there are over a half a million people that have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, many of whom are completely asymptomatic and unaware of their diagnosis. Some people can die suddenly. Sudden cardiac death occurs randomly without warning.. Hartzell V. Schaff: Over 2/3 of the patients will have obstruction. And the obstruction to the left ventricular outflow tract is an indication for operation in patients that have symptoms. So we know now that 2/3 of the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and obstruction are candidates for surgery.. Steve R. Ommen: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common inherited cardiomyopathy or heart muscle disease. People are born with the genetics for it, but the hypertrophy doesnt appear to start developing until adolescence, growth spurts, or beyond. It is possible for infants to born with thick heart ...
https://www.mayoclinic.org/departments-centers/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-clinic/overview/ovc-20442502
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinic - Overview - Mayo ClinicHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinic - Overview - Mayo Clinic
Steve R. Ommen: The hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a condition that has been under-diagnosed and overly feared throughout the world. In the United States alone, there are over a half a million people that have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, many of whom are completely asymptomatic and unaware of their diagnosis. Some people can die suddenly. Sudden cardiac death occurs randomly without warning.. Hartzell V. Schaff: Over 2/3 of the patients will have obstruction. And the obstruction to the left ventricular outflow tract is an indication for operation in patients that have symptoms. So we know now that 2/3 of the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and obstruction are candidates for surgery.. Steve R. Ommen: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common inherited cardiomyopathy or heart muscle disease. People are born with the genetics for it, but the hypertrophy doesnt appear to start developing until adolescence, growth spurts, or beyond. It is possible for infants to born with thick heart ...
https://www.mayoclinic.org/departments-centers/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-clinic/overview/ovc-20442502?mc_id=us&utm_source=sharingmayoclinic&utm_medium=l&utm_content=content&utm_campaign=mayoclinic&geo=national&placementsite=enterprise&cauid=100717
Scientists unravel genetic basis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - MedicallyPrime.ComScientists unravel genetic basis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - MedicallyPrime.Com
The study is the most extensive one so far to analyse the genetic background and outcome of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a nationwide cohort.. Hypertophic cardiomyopathy is estimated to occur in one in 500 adults. Among young people and athletes, it is the most common cause of sudden cardiac deaths. According to the newly published study, the prognosis of patients diagnosed with and treated for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Finland is good. In a seven-year follow-up, their mortality rate was low, although significantly higher than the mortality rate of the age- and sex-controlled population.. The researchers also analysed the National Cause of Death Register to explore the role of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in all deaths occurring in Finland. Over a ten-year period, almost 600 Finns died of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and one third of these deaths were sudden cardiac deaths.. According to Professor Kuusisto, the high prevalence of sudden cardiac deaths indicates that cardiomyopathy remains ...
https://www.medicallyprime.com/2019/02/22/scientists-unravel-genetic-basis-of-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/
PEETERS ONLINE JOURNALSPEETERS ONLINE JOURNALS
We described a patient with familial non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and complete atrioventricular block. A 27-year-old male was admitted to our institution with syncope. Electrocardiography demonstrated complete atrioventricular block. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A temporary transvenous ventricular pacemaker was inserted urgently, and subsequently replaced by a permanent dual-chamber pacemaker. Meanwhile, non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in the mother, the aunt and one of the brothers of the patient in the screening of the family, but atrioventricular conduction block was not detected in them. In the electrophysiological study of the mother, inducible ventricular tachycardia was detected. The reason for diversity of the arrhythmias in the members of the same family with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be explained by penetrance. The phenotype of the familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is influenced ...
http://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=article&id=2005162&journal_code=AC
Exercise gas exchange analysis in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy before and after myectomy (cardiopulmonary exercise...Exercise gas exchange analysis in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy before and after myectomy (cardiopulmonary exercise...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Exercise gas exchange analysis in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy before and after myectomy (cardiopulmonary exercise test combined with exercise-echocardiography in HCM). AU - Bandera, F.. AU - Generati, G.. AU - Pellegrino, M.. AU - Secchi, F.. AU - Menicanti, L.. AU - Guazzi, M.. PY - 2015/1/15. Y1 - 2015/1/15. KW - Cardiopulmonary exercise test. KW - Exercise intolerance. KW - Exercise-echocardiography. KW - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. KW - Septal resection. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84916213770&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84916213770&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.104. DO - 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.104. M3 - Article. C2 - 25465307. AN - SCOPUS:84916213770. VL - 178. SP - 282. EP - 283. JO - International Journal of Cardiology. JF - International Journal of Cardiology. SN - 0167-5273. ER - ...
https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/exercise-gas-exchange-analysis-in-obstructive-hypertrophic-cardio
Long term results of septal myectomy in the treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathyLong term results of septal myectomy in the treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
DISCUSSION. Recently, the advances in cardiopulmonary bypass and myocardial protection associated with the improvement of the surgical technique, and the postoperative cardiovascular surgery has caused the morbidity and mortality of septal myectomy to become progressively decreased. Currently, assistance units with extensive experience present a mortality rate between 1% and 2%, being able to reach zero in most favorable situations (9,12,13). In our experience, we had an in-hospital death (2.9%) and a survival rate of 87.9% with a mean follow-up of 9.6 years, equivalent to that observed in the international experience, with an 5-year overall survival ranging from 86% up to 96% and in 10 years between 70% and 90% [9,10,12,13]. The recent consensus of American and European Societies of Cardiology have highlighted the surgical septal myectomy as the gold standard to reduce the left ventricular outflow obstruction tract and to relief the symptoms in patients with hypertrophic obstructive ...
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-76382011000100016&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy TypesHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Types
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disease in which the heart muscle grows abnormally, making the heart muscle thicken. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is described as either obstructive or nonobstructive. Nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The heart muscle is abnormally thick but not to...
https://www.lmh.org/wellness/health-library/document-viewer/?id=te7398
Image of the Month: Advanced Stage of Hypertrophic Obstructive CardiomyopathyImage of the Month: Advanced Stage of Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Presented by: Angelos G. Rigopoulos,1,2 Hubert Seggewiss,1 Ioannis C. Rizos2. 11st Department of Internal Medicine, Leopoldina Hospital, Schweinfurt, Germany. 22nd Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece. Alcohol septal reduction in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is indicated for patients with drug refractory symptoms or drug intolerance who have significant left ventricular obstruction.(1) On the other hand, several structural and functional changes including low-normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, moderate to severe diastolic dysfunction, marked atrial dilatation, thinning of the LV walls, onset of atrial fibrillation, spontaneous reduction or loss of LV outflow obstruction, and LV apical aneurysms characterise an advanced stage of progression in the physical history of the disease which signifies adverse remodelling and clinical deterioration.(2) The benefit derived from septal reduction treatments in this stage is largely ...
https://www.escardio.org/Education/E-Learning/Clinical-cases/Myocardial-and-pericardial-diseases/image-on-advanced-stage-of-hypertrophic-obstructive-cardiomyopathy
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<...Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AU - Usry, Courtney R.. AU - Javaheri, Sean Payman. PY - 2015/12/1. Y1 - 2015/12/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84954560667&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84954560667&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. AN - SCOPUS:84954560667. VL - 55. JO - Consultant. JF - Consultant. SN - 0010-7069. IS - 12. ER - ...
https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/apical-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy
Optimized pacing mode for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Impact of ECG fusion during pacingOptimized pacing mode for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Impact of ECG fusion during pacing
BACKGROUND: Electrocardiographic (ECG) fusion with intrinsic QRS could reduce the benefit of atrial synchronous biventricular pacing (AS-BiVP) in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the benefit of AS-BiVP and the influence of ECG fusion for reduction of left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) in these patients. METHODS: Twenty-one symptomatic HOCM patients with severe LVOTG were included. Twelve patients were evaluated retrospectively for the prevalence of fusion and its influence on outcomes after AS-BiVP. Eleven patients (2 of the first population were also evaluated retrospectively) were prospectively included to evaluate the benefit of performing atrioventricular node ablation (AVNA) to achieve full ventricular capture if fusion was present during AS-BiVP. RESULTS: Seven of the first 12 patients (58%) had ECG fusion. After 54 +/- 24 months of AS-BiVP, the presence of fusion was associated with lower values ...
https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/dspace31xmlui/handle/2066/153548
Levitra Super Active - Erectile Dysfunction :: Discount PharmacyLevitra Super Active - Erectile Dysfunction :: Discount Pharmacy
Store Levitra Super Active+ at room temperature, between 68 and 77 degrees F (20 and 25 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Keep Levitra Super Active+ out of the reach of children and away from pets.. Warnings/Precautions. Levitra Super Active+ has vasodilator properties which may result in mild and transient decreases in blood pressure. Patients with left ventricular outflow obstruction, e.g., aortic stenosis and idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, can be sensitive to the action of vasodilators including Type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitors ...
http://sergmd.com/categories/Erectile-Dysfunction/Levitra-Super-Active
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Therapeutics Market is Anticipated to Reach Nearly US$1.37 bn by 2023 - The Market PlanHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Therapeutics Market is Anticipated to Reach Nearly US$1.37 bn by 2023 - The Market Plan
Global Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Therapeutics Market - Key Trends With heart diseases emerging as one of the most common causes of mortality among men and women worldwide, Transparency Market Research (TMR) expects the demand for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) therapeutics to surge considerably. Furthermore, the market is expected to gain significant impetus from successful government interventions aimed at spreading awareness about hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.. View Report-. https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-therapeutics-market.html. TMR projects the global HCM therapeutics market to expand at a moderate 1.4% CAGR between 2015 and 2023. Despite witnessing positive opportunities, the rising demand for advanced medical devices could threaten the markets growth to an extent. Nevertheless, since the majority of HCM drugs are yet to get approved, the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy therapeutics market is likely to gain momentum post their approval in the near ...
https://themarketplan.com/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-hcm-therapeutics-market-is-anticipated-to-reach-nearly-us1-37-bn-by-2023/18390/
Multiplex Screening for Pathogenic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutations - Patent applicationMultiplex Screening for Pathogenic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutations - Patent application
0002] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an often fatal but manageable disease. The incidence is reported to be about 1/400 (approximately 750,000) in the general U.S. population. The variable expressivity of this disease suggests it may be higher, making HCM the most common monogenic cardiac disorder in the U.S. Macon and McKenna et al., ACC/ESC Expert Consensus Document on Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, J of American College of Cardiology (2003) 42: 1-27. In addition, it is the most frequent cause of unexpected sudden death in teenagers and young adults. Elliott, Poloniecki et al., Sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Identification of high risk patients, J of American College of Cardiology (2000) 36: 2212-2218. The disease is characterized by a thickening of the heart muscle (hypertrophy) in the absence of hypertension or any other apparent cause. HCM is difficult to diagnose. Clinical presentation and progression of HCM varies widely among affected patients and the symptoms ...
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20110098196
The Interventricular Septum: Measurement and Motion : Anesthesia & AnalgesiaThe Interventricular Septum: Measurement and Motion : Anesthesia & Analgesia
IVS hypertrophy can occur as part of generalized LV hypertrophy, or it can occur in isolation, such as in asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH).5 In ASH, the ratio of the IVS thickness to the inferolateral (posterior) wall thickness is ,1.3. Although ASH is a characteristic feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, it can also occur in the elderly due to hypertension or aortic stenosis. Excessive thickening can lead to LVOT obstruction in systole: this condition is termed hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.5 This obstruction can be further worsened with concomitant systolic anterior motion of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve.. Surgical repair of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with septal myectomy is generally performed for patients with severe LVOT obstruction: a gradient at rest ,30 mm Hg, IVS thickness ,18 mm, and evidence of systolic anterior motion.6 During septal myectomy, TEE can be used to evaluate the extent of resection required, determine the presence and severity of mitral ...
http://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Fulltext/2013/04000/The_Interventricular_Septum___Measurement_and.8.aspx
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy electrocardiogram - wikidocHypertrophic cardiomyopathy electrocardiogram - wikidoc
Large septal Q waves may be present reflective of the septal hypertrophy. In the Yamaguchi variant of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, there may be deeply inverted T waves in precordial leads V2-V6 and II, III, aVL (see example). Shown below is an example of a variant of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with deeply inverted T waves in precordial leads V2-V6 and II, III, aVL. ...
https://es.wikidoc.org/index.php/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy_electrocardiogram
ADIPIN PLUS 100 5,50;MG - MedicScientist :: Total Health PortalADIPIN PLUS 100 5,50;MG - MedicScientist :: Total Health Portal
Indications for Drugs ::. Mild to moderate hypertension, Chronic stable and vasospastic angina, Raynauds disease, Coronary Artery Disease, HTN, Stroke prevention. Drug Dose ::. Adult: PO Stable angina; HTN; Prinzmetals angina Initial: 5 mg once daily; If the desired therapeutic effect cannot be achieved within 2-4 weeks, the dose may be increased to a maximum dose of 10 mg once daily. Child: >12 yr Initially, 2.5 mg once daily, increased to 5 mg once daily if necessary. Elderly: Initially, 2.5 mg once daily. Hepatic impairment: Initially, 2.5 mg once daily.. Contraindication ::. Hypersensitivity to Amlodipine or other calcium channel antagonist, Severe hypertension.. Drug Precautions ::. Impaired liver or renal function, CHF, sick-sinus syndrome, severe ventricular dysfunction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, severe aortic stenosis. Caution when used in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Elderly, children. Pregnancy, lactation. Use in renal failure: Although Amlodipine is ...
https://medicscientist.com/drug/adipin-plus-100-550mg
ANGIGUARD 100 5MG - MedicScientist :: Total Health PortalANGIGUARD 100 5MG - MedicScientist :: Total Health Portal
Indications for Drugs ::. Mild to moderate hypertension, Chronic stable and vasospastic angina, Raynauds disease, Coronary Artery Disease, HTN, Stroke prevention. Drug Dose ::. Adult: PO Stable angina; HTN; Prinzmetals angina Initial: 5 mg once daily; If the desired therapeutic effect cannot be achieved within 2-4 weeks, the dose may be increased to a maximum dose of 10 mg once daily. Child: >12 yr Initially, 2.5 mg once daily, increased to 5 mg once daily if necessary. Elderly: Initially, 2.5 mg once daily. Hepatic impairment: Initially, 2.5 mg once daily.. Contraindication ::. Hypersensitivity to Amlodipine or other calcium channel antagonist, Severe hypertension.. Drug Precautions ::. Impaired liver or renal function, CHF, sick-sinus syndrome, severe ventricular dysfunction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, severe aortic stenosis. Caution when used in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Elderly, children. Pregnancy, lactation. Use in renal failure: Although Amlodipine is ...
https://medicscientist.com/drug/angiguard-100-5mg
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Under-recognized in Women -- News - Heart & Cardiovascular Disease - HealingWell.com ForumHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Under-recognized in Women -- News - Heart & Cardiovascular Disease - HealingWell.com Forum
Compared to men, women with a hereditary heart condition called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are substantially more likely to be diagnosed later in life and with more severe symptoms, an Italian study indicates. This occurs despite the fact that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy should theoretically be present in males and females equally, Dr. Iacopo Olivotto commented to Reuters Health, because it is a genetic disease with an inheritance pattern that requires only one parent to have the condition. People with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) suffer from progressive weakening of the heart, which becomes enlarged in an attempt to compensate ...
https://www.healingwell.com/community/default.aspx?f=42&m=313583
Physical Activity and Other Health Behaviors in Adults With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - American College of CardiologyPhysical Activity and Other Health Behaviors in Adults With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - American College of Cardiology
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are not immune from nationwide problems of inactivity and obesity. This study suggests that these issues may in fact be exaggerated in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This may be due to apprehension regarding exercise on the part of patients, as well as by exercise restrictions imposed by physicians. Well-designed, likely multicenter, prospective studies will be necessary to determine the risks and benefits of different exercise regimens on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy disease progression and complications.. ...
http://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/journal-scans/2013/05/07/17/11/physical-activity-and-other-health-behaviors-in-adults
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) | DiagnosaurusHypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) | Diagnosaurus
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) answers are found in the Diagnosaurus powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.
https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Diagnosaurus/114589/all/Hypertrophic_obstructive_cardiomyopathy__HOCM_
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Type 13 (Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 13): Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment - SymptomaFamilial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Type 13 (Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 13): Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment - Symptoma
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Type 13 (Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 13): Read more about Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications, Causes and Prognosis.
https://www.symptoma.com/en/info/familial-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-type-13
Left ventricular hypertrophy and morphology in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with mutations of the beta...Left ventricular hypertrophy and morphology in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with mutations of the beta...
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the spectrum of left ventricular hypertrophy and ventricular morphology in adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to mutations of the beta-myosin heavy-chain gene. BACKGROUND: Although echocardiography is an important test in diagnosing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the lack of an independent diagnostic criterion has been an obstacle in determining the full echocardiographic spectrum of this disease. Mutations in the beta-myosin heavy chain gene occur in approximately 50% of familial cases; in members of families with a known mutation, the diagnosis can be made with certainty. METHODS: Echocardiograms from 39 genetically affected and 30 genetically unaffected adult family members over age 16 years from 10 families were analyzed. Left ventricular wall thickness was measured at 10 separate locations, and the presence of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, right ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular morphology was evaluated
https://www.cardioscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/664268
Value of Exercise Stress Echocardiography in Children with Hypertrophic CardiomyopathyValue of Exercise Stress Echocardiography in Children with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Comment from Dr. Jennifer Johnson (Pittsburgh, PA), Section Editor of Pediatric Cardiology Journal Watch: This is a single center retrospective chart review of all pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients who underwent exercise stress echocardiography to determine if exercise stress echocardiography can be useful in risk stratifying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy subgroups and if LVOT obstruction occurs in the patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.. Methods: Data was collected on all pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patient who underwent exercise stress echocardiography from 2007-2018 at Boston Childrens Hospital. Subjects were assigned to one of three categories based on left ventricular outflow tract gradients: group 1: ,30 mm Hg at rest and exercise; group 2: ,30 mm Hg at rest and ≥30 mm Hg with exercise; and group 3: ≥ 30 mm Hg at rest and exercise. The composite adverse endpoints on follow-up included heart transplant, aborted cardiac arrest, and sudden ...
https://thechipnetwork.org/value-of-exercise-stress-echocardiography-in-children-with-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-4/
Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | definition of Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by Medical dictionaryFeline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | definition of Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the Medical Dictionary? Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy explanation free. What is Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? Meaning of Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy medical term. What does Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mean?
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Feline+hypertrophic+cardiomyopathy
Decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and regression of hypertrophy after nonsurgical septal reduction therapy for...Decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and regression of hypertrophy after nonsurgical septal reduction therapy for...
Decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and regression of hypertrophy after nonsurgical septal reduction therapy for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy Academic Article ...
http://vivo.med.cornell.edu/display/pubid0035836602
Aborted sudden cardiac death in a young soldier with concomitant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome...Aborted sudden cardiac death in a young soldier with concomitant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Aborted sudden cardiac death in a young soldier with concomitant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AU - Kim, Sunwon. AU - Song, Woo Hyuk. AU - Kim, Sung Soon. PY - 2019/2/1. Y1 - 2019/2/1. N2 - We present a young soldier presenting with aborted sudden cardiac death, who was found to have concomitant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Along with pathological haemodynamic features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, an easily-inducible re-entrant tachycardia was clearly documented in our patient. Given the fatal potential of supraventricular tachycardia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, we postulated that his tachyarrhythmia could potentially trigger the event. Upon his refusal to receive implantable cardioverter/defibrillator therapy, we ablated anatomical arrhythmogenic substrate instead, and he remained uneventfully over 3 years on β-blocker.. AB - We present a young soldier presenting with aborted sudden cardiac death, who ...
https://koreauniv.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/aborted-sudden-cardiac-death-in-a-young-soldier-with-concomitant-
Late onset of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a former professional athlete subsequent to crush syndrome - Medicina dello...Late onset of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a former professional athlete subsequent to crush syndrome - Medicina dello...
This paper describes the case of a former professional athlete who developed an apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (aHMC) apparently after a severe traumatic event at the age of 46 years. The aHCM can phenotypically appear in a relatively advanced age and the typical electrocardiographic abnormalities usually become visible before hypertrophy is evident at ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. Several studies show associations between various forms of surgical stress or trauma and myocardial lesions or cardiovascular disease, suggesting the role of sudden catecholaminergic stimulation in aHCM development in genetically predisposed subjects. Late onset of aHCM and late mean age of presentation may be an example of gene-environment interaction needed to reveal latent genotype manifestations.. ...
https://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/medicina-dello-sport/article.php?cod=R26Y2011N02A0151
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Risk of Sudden Death Region 6, NebraskaHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Risk of Sudden Death Region 6, Nebraska
{ consumer: Some people who have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are at high risk for sudden death. It can occur at any age, but it is most shocking when it happens to young adults or athletes. While the media often highlight these tragic deaths, sudden death is rare. It occurs in about 1 out of 100 adults with hypertrophic..., clinical: Some people who have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are at high risk for sudden death. It can occur at any age, but it is most shocking when it happens to young adults or athletes. While the media often highlight these tragic deaths, sudden death is rare. It occurs in about 1 out of 100 adults with hypertrophic... } Region 6, Nebraska
https://region6.ne.networkofcare.org/mh/library/article.aspx?hwid=te7413
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Jersey City NJ - Heart, Jersey City NJ Cardiomyopathy, Jersey City NJ Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy...Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Jersey City NJ - Heart, Jersey City NJ Cardiomyopathy, Jersey City NJ Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy...
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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Marion IA - Heart, Marion IA Cardiomyopathy, Marion IA Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Marion IA ...Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Marion IA - Heart, Marion IA Cardiomyopathy, Marion IA Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Marion IA ...
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Heart-Encyclopedia - asymmetric septal hypertrophyHeart-Encyclopedia - asymmetric septal hypertrophy
Also called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, asymmetric septal hypertrophy is a condition that occurs when heart muscles cells enlarge, causing the walls of the lower heart chambers (typically the left ventricle) to become thick and stiff. This makes it difficult for the heart to relax and for a sufficient amount of blood to fill the heart chambers. While the heart squeezes normally, the limited filling prevents the heart from pumping enough blood, especially during physical activity. Children with asymmetric septal hypertrophy are not allowed to play competitive sports because of the possibility of a sudden collapse or increased heart failure.. ...
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Encyclopedia/Heart-Encyclopedia_UCM_445084_Encyclopedia.jsp?levelSelected=1&title=asymmetric%20septal%20hypertrophy
Cardiac myosin binding protein C phosphorylation affects cross...Cardiac myosin binding protein C phosphorylation affects cross...
Cardiac myosin binding protein C phosphorylation affects cross-bridge cycles elementary steps in a site-specific manner.: Based on our recent finding that card
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/cardiac-myosin-binding-protein-c-phosphorylation-affects-cross-bridge-cycle-s-elementary-steps-site-specific-manner-daf8db45
ASH Definition: Asymmetric Septal HypertrophyASH Definition: Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy
definition of ASH, what does ASH mean?, meaning of ASH, Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy, ASH stands for Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy
http://www.abbreviationfinder.org/acronyms/ash_asymmetric-septal-hypertrophy.html
Preventative therapeutic approaches for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<...Preventative therapeutic approaches for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Preventative therapeutic approaches for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AU - Solomon, Tanya. AU - Filipovska, Aleksandra. AU - Hool, Livia. AU - Viola, Helena. PY - 2020/8/21. Y1 - 2020/8/21. N2 - Sarcomeric gene mutations are associated with the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Current drug therapeutics for HCM patients are effective in relieving symptoms, but do not prevent or reverse disease progression. Moreover, due to heterogeneity in the clinical manifestations of the disease, patients experience variable outcomes in response to therapeutics. Mechanistically, alterations in calcium handling, sarcomeric disorganization, energy metabolism and contractility participate in HCM disease progression. While some similarities exist, each mutation appears to lead to mutation-specific pathophysiology. Furthermore, these alterations may precede or proceed development of the pathology. This review assesses the efficacy of HCM therapeutics from studies performed in animal ...
https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/preventative-therapeutic-approaches-for-hypertrophic-cardiomyopat
Reoperation for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction after repair of atrioventricular septal.Reoperation for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction after repair of atrioventricular septal.
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is an important source of morbidity and mortality after repair of atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD). The intrinsic anatomy of the left ventricular outflow tract in AVSD is complex and predisposes
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Reoperation-left-ventricular-outflow-tract/24725716.html
Implications of arrhythmias and prevention of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<...Implications of arrhythmias and prevention of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Implications of arrhythmias and prevention of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AU - Adabag, A. Selcuk. AU - Maron, Barry J.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2007/4. Y1 - 2007/4. KW - Arrhythmia. KW - Holter monitoring. KW - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. KW - Sudden death. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34250205997&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=34250205997&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1111/j.1542-474X.2007.00157.x. DO - 10.1111/j.1542-474X.2007.00157.x. M3 - Review article. C2 - 17593187. AN - SCOPUS:34250205997. VL - 12. SP - 171. EP - 180. JO - Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology. JF - Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology. SN - 1082-720X. IS - 2. ER - ...
https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/implications-of-arrhythmias-and-prevention-of-sudden-death-in-hyp
Clinical Trial: Cardiac Rehabilitation In Patients With Hcm Without Lv Outflow Tract Obstruction With Preserved Ef - Pilot...Clinical Trial: Cardiac Rehabilitation In Patients With Hcm Without Lv Outflow Tract Obstruction With Preserved Ef - Pilot...
U.S., June 13 -- ClinicalTrials.gov registry received information related to the study (NCT03178357) titled Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With HCM Without LV Outflow Tract Obstruction With Preserved EF - Pilot Study on June 5. Brief Summary: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common hereditary disease characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and consequently left ventricular diastolic function. Its prevalence is estimated at around 0.2% in the general population. HCM is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death due to cardiovascular disease in young athletes, accounting for one third of deaths. HCM patients often have symptoms of heart failure. The ESC recommendations for heart failure (HF) from 2016 recommend exercise training regardless of ejection fraction to improve exercise capacity, quality of life, and reduction in hospitalizations due to HF. Meanwhile, for many years, HCM was equivalent to exercise training limitation. According to the 2014 ESC guidelines, it ...
http://info.shine.com/article/clinical-trial-cardiac-rehabilitation-in-patients-with-hcm-without-lv-outflow-tract-obstruction-with-preserved-ef-pilot-study/26351.html
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy + Review of Intracardiac Pressures! | UCSF Internal Medicine Chief Resident HubHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy + Review of Intracardiac Pressures! | UCSF Internal Medicine Chief Resident Hub
Take Home Points: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in the Elderly + Review of Intracardiac Pressures Hypertrophic Cardiomopathy - Not one size fits all! Definition - a genetically determined disease of the myocardium that causes different types of LV hypertrophy Types of HCM - though we may associate HCM with LV outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction or sudden cardiac…
https://ucsfmed.wordpress.com/2015/02/04/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-review-of-intracardiac-pressures/
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - dilemmas and difficulties | Read by QxMDImplantable cardioverter-defibrillators in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - dilemmas and difficulties | Read by QxMD
INTRODUCTION: The implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is an established method of sudden cardiac death (SCD) prevention. The value of ICD therapy in secondary prevention of SCD is unquestionable. Precise identification of high-risk patients and ICD use for primary prevention of SCD, especially in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), remain controversial. Problems include the high prevalence of complications associated with ICD implantation and optimal selection of ICDs.. AIM: To estimate the frequency and type of complications after ICD implantations in HCM patients in a long-term follow-up.. METHOD: The efficacy and safety of ICD therapy were estimated in 46 HCM patients with devices implanted for a secondary (n-18) or primary prevention (n-28) of SCD.. RESULTS: During the mean follow-up period of 28.2+/-26.1 months (from 2 to 68) appropriate ICD interventions occurred in 10 (55%) patients of the secondary prevention group and in 3 (10%) patients of the primary ...
https://read.qxmd.com/read/16273479/implantable-cardioverter-defibrillators-in-patients-with-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-dilemmas-and-difficulties
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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Medical Definition | Merriam-Webster Medical DictionaryHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Medical Definition | Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary
Medical definition of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: cardiomyopathy that is characterized by ventricular hypertrophy especially of the left ventricle…
https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/hypertrophic%20cardiomyopathy
Sudden death associated with borderline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and multiple coronary anomalies. Case report and literature...Sudden death associated with borderline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and multiple coronary anomalies. Case report and literature...
Autori: Dermengiu D, Ceausu M, Rusu MC, Dermengiu S, Curca GC, Hostiuc S. Editorial: Rom J Leg Med , 18(1), p.3-12, 2010.. Rezumat:. We report a case of sudden death in a 20 years old male who colapsed just minues after the beggining of a football training session. The autopsy evidenced the presence of a unique combination of coronary abnormalities: myocardial bridging at the level of both branches of the LCA; abnormal origin of the right coronary artery: 1 mm above the left semilunar valve of aorta; the initial segment of the RCA coursing within the aortic wall (0,7 cm); myocardial bridging at the level of LCX; sinoatrial node artery originated from the LCX. Histological examination revealed the presence of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy markers within the left ventricle and interventricular septum and the cumulative effects of the coronary cardiac anomalies on the myocardial blood flow: extensive interstitial and perivascular sclerolipomatosis, dissecting fibrosis at the level of the sinoatrial ...
http://ad-astra.ro/2010/06/03/sudden-death-associated-with-borderline-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-and-multiple-coronary-anomalies-case-report-and-literature-review/
Living with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and an implantable defibrillatorLiving with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and an implantable defibrillator
Background: ICDs efficiently terminate life-threatening arrhythmias, but complications occur during long-term follow-up. Patients own perspective is largely unknown. The aim of the study was to describe experiences of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients with implantable defibrillators (ICDs).. Methods: We analyzed 26 Swedish patient interviews using hermeneutics and latent content analysis.. Results: Patients (aged 27-76 years) were limited by HCM especially if it deteriorates into heart failure. The ICD implies safety, gratitude, and is accepted as a part of the body even when inappropriate ICD shocks are encountered. Nobody regretted the implant. Both the disease and the ICD affected professional life and leisure time activities, especially at younger ages. Family support was usually strong, but sometimes resulted in overprotection, whereas health care focused on medical issues. Despite limitations, patients adapted, accepted, and managed challenges.. Conclusion: HCM patients with ICDs ...
http://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1112672
Right Ventricle Outflow Obstruction in Biventricular Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Amyloidosis - CNR SolarRight Ventricle Outflow Obstruction in Biventricular Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Amyloidosis - CNR Solar
Light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most common type of amyloidosis; cardiac involvement is rare but has a poor prognosis. Biventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an exceptional finding in amyloidosis and its association with obstructive right ventricular gradient is even rarer. We report the case of a male patient with biventricular hypertrophy suggesting amyloidosis, with an obstructive gradient in the right ventricle.. ...
http://eprints.bice.rm.cnr.it/17011/
Screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in young athletesScreening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in young athletes
The results show that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was an uncommon cause of death in these young competitive athletes and suggest that the identification and disqualification of affected athletes at screening before participation in competitive sports may have prevented sudden death.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9691102/?dopt=Abstract
HCM Fitness for Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)HCM Fitness for Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
Fitness gains are possible without exercise pains. This website is designed to show you how to maintain heart health through step-by-step videos, key medical information and a proven exercise program. Blending the best in cardiac medicine with the latest fitness practices, we have designed a safe and effective series of exercises that can be done individually or as part of a program. Created specifically for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, our Beginner, Intermediate or Advanced HCM programs can be followed by anyone seeking to improve their overall fitness. We invite you to try our holistic approach to exercise created to promote well-being, resilience to stress and a happy, healthy heart.. ...
http://hcmfitness.ca
The metabolome in finnish carriers of the MYBPC3-Q1061X mutation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<...The metabolome in finnish carriers of the MYBPC3-Q1061X mutation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The metabolome in finnish carriers of the MYBPC3-Q1061X mutation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AU - Jørgenrud, Benedicte. AU - Jalanko, Mikko. AU - Heliö, Tiina. AU - Jääskeläinen, Pertti. AU - Laine, Mika. AU - Hilvo, Mika. AU - Nieminen, Markku S.. AU - Laakso, Markku. AU - Hyötyläinen, Tuulia. AU - Oresic, Matej. AU - Kuusisto, Johanna. N1 - CO:U Hormone Laboratory, Aker Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway CO:U Division of Women and Childrens Health, Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway CO:K Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Helsinki, Finland CO:K Kuopio University Hospital, Heart Center, Kuopio, Finland CO:K University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Kuopio, Finland CO:U Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark CA2: BA3112 CA2: BA116 AU2: Hilvo, Mika AU2: Hyötyläinen, Tuulia AU2: Oresic, Matej ISI: MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES. PY - 2015. Y1 - ...
https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/the-metabolome-in-finnish-carriers-of-the-mybpc3-q1061x-mutation-
KEGG PATHWAY: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian rousette)KEGG PATHWAY: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian rousette)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance that is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricles with histological features of myocyte hypertrophy, myfibrillar disarray, and interstitial fibrosis. HCM is one of the most common inherited cardiac disorders, with a prevalence in young adults of 1 in 500. Hundreds of mutations in the genes that encode protein constituents of the sarcomere have been identified in HCM. These mutations increase the Ca2+ sensitivity of cardiac myofilaments. Increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity is expected to increase the ATP utilization by actomyosin at submaximal Ca2+ concentrations, which might cause an imbalance in energy supply and demand in the heart under severe stress. The inefficient use of ATP suggests that an inability to maintain normal ATP levels could be the central abnormality. This theory might be supported by the discovery of the role of a mutant PRKAG2 gene in HCM, which ...
https://www.kegg.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?ray05410
Constitutive phosphorylation of cardiac myosin regulatory light chain prevents development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in...Constitutive phosphorylation of cardiac myosin regulatory light chain prevents development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in...
Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-dependent phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain (RLC) of cardiac myosin is known to play a beneficial role in heart disease, but the idea of a phosphorylation-mediated reversal of a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) phenotype is novel. Our previous studies on transgenic (Tg) HCM-RLC mice revealed that the D166V (Aspartate166 →Valine) mutation-induced changes in heart morphology and function coincided with largely reduced RLC phosphorylation in situ. In this paper, we hypothesized that the introduction of a constitutively phosphorylated Serine15 (S15D) into the hearts of D166V mice would prevent the development of a deleterious HCM phenotype. In support of this notion, MLCK-induced phosphorylation of D166V-mutated hearts was found to rescue some of their abnormal contractile properties. Tg-S15D-D166V mice were generated with the human cardiac RLC-S15D-D166V construct substituted for mouse cardiac RLC and were subjected to functional, structural, and ...
https://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/1212938-constitutive-phosphorylation-cardiac-myosin-regulatory-light-chain-prevents-development-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-mice
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Panel, Sequencing | ARUP Laboratories Test DirectoryHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Panel, Sequencing | ARUP Laboratories Test Directory
Use to determine etiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in symptomatic individuals. Useful for presymptomatic testing in individuals with a family history of HCM or sudden cardiac death.
https://ltd.aruplab.com/Tests/Pub/3001579
MTO1</em> Mutations are Associated with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Lactic Acidosis and Cause Respiratory Chain Deficiency...MTO1</em> Mutations are Associated with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Lactic Acidosis and Cause Respiratory Chain Deficiency...
We report three families presenting with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and multiple defects of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) activities. By direct sequencing of the candidate gene MTO1, encoding the mitochondrial-tRNA modifier 1, or whole exome sequencing analysis, we identified novel missense mutations. All MTO1 mutations were predicted to be deleterious on MTO1 function. Their pathogenic role was experimentally validated in a recombinant yeast model, by assessing oxidative growth, respiratory activity, mitochondrial protein synthesis, and complex IV activity. In one case, we also demonstrated that expression of wt MTO1 could rescue the respiratory defect in mutant fibroblasts. The severity of the yeast respiratory phenotypes partly correlated with the different clinical presentations observed in MTO1 mutant patients, although the clinical outcome was highly variable in patients with the same mutation and seemed also to depend on timely start of pharmacological ...
https://eprint.ncl.ac.uk/203723
Rapid molecular genetic diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by semiconductor sequencing | Journal of Translational...Rapid molecular genetic diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by semiconductor sequencing | Journal of Translational...
Rapidly determining the complex genetic basis of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is vital to better understanding and optimally managing this common polygenetic cardiovascular disease. A rapid custom Ion-amplicon-resequencing assay, covering 30 commonly affected genes of HCM, was developed and validated in 120 unrelated patients with HCM to facilitate genetic diagnosis of this disease. With this HCM-specific panel and only 20 ng of input genomic DNA, physicians can, for the first time, go from blood samples to variants within a single day. On average, this approach gained 595628 mapped reads per sample, 95.51% reads on target (64.06 kb), 490-fold base coverage depth and 93.24% uniformity of base coverage in CDS regions of the 30 HCM genes. After validation, we detected underlying pathogenic variants in 87% (104 of 120) samples. Tested seven randomly selected HCM genes in eight samples by Sanger sequencing, the sensitivity and false-positive-rate of this HCM panel was 100% and 5%, respectively. This
https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1479-5876-12-173/email/correspondent/c1/new
Sphynx catSphynx cat
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy[edit]. The breed does have instances of the genetic disorder hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). ... "The Genetic Basis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Cats and Humans". Journal of Veterinary Cardiology. 17 (Suppl 1): S53-S73. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphynx_
Bengal catBengal cat
"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy". MayoClinic.org. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved January 22, 2019.. *^ Meurs, Kate. "Genetics: Bengal Cat ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a major concern in the Bengal cat breed. This is a disease in which the heart muscle ( ... One study published in the Journal of Internal Veterinary Medicine has claimed the prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in ... "Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy HCM". BengalsIllustrated.com. Oroville, California: Award Winning Publications. Retrieved January ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_cat
Srihari S. NaiduSrihari S. Naidu
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy; Springer UK; https://www.amazon.co.uk/Hypertrophic-Cardiomyopathy-Srihari-Naidu/dp/1447149556 ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death among athletes, and a cause of heart failure at ... A co-author on the 2011 ACCF/AHA National Guideline on the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, he is ... An academic interventional cardiologist, Naidu is an expert in the management of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srihari_S._Naidu
Left ventricular hypertrophyLeft ventricular hypertrophy
Primary disease of the muscle of the heart that cause LVH are known as hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, which can lead into heart ... "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy". Lancet. Elsevier BV. 381 (9862): 242-255. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60397-3. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_ventricular_hypertrophy
Sphynx catSphynx cat
"Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)". MedVet Medical & Cancer Centers for Pets. 2 December 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2019 ... The breed does have instances of the genetic disorder hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Other domestic cat breeds prone to HCM ... "Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy". Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. January 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2020. ... Kittleson, Mark D.; Meurs, Kathryn M.; Harris, Samantha P. (December 2015). "The Genetic Basis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphynx_cat
Bernhard BrennerBernhard Brenner
Kraft Theresia; Montag Judith; Radocaj Ante; Brenner Bernhard (2016-10-14). "Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy". Circulation Research ... he started to study mutations in cardiac myosin related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. He died in 2017, from cancer. Yu, L.C ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Brenner
CardiomegalyCardiomegaly
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is typically an inherited condition. Treatments for cardiomegaly include a combination of ... Types...Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), Intense, prolonged athletic training Hershberger, Ray ... Maron, Barry J; Maron, Martin S (January 2013). "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy". The Lancet. 381 (9862): 242-255. doi:10.1016/ ... Maron, Martin S (1 February 2012). "Clinical Utility of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiomegaly
MT-TIMT-TI
"Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy". Genetics Home Reference. U.S. National Library of Medicine. This article incorporates ... and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A patient with a 4269A>G mutation in MT-TI was found with the deficiency. Anderson S, Bankier ... causing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy". Human Mutation. 8 (3): 216-22. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1996)8:3. 3.0.CO;2-7. PMID ... "A homoplasmic mitochondrial transfer ribonucleic acid mutation as a cause of maternally inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MT-TI
MT-TGMT-TG
Mutations in the MT-TG gene has also been associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Familial hypertrophic ... "Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy". Genetics Home Reference. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Merante F, Tein I, Benson L ... A family with a transition mutation of 9997T>C in the MT-TG gene exhibited familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Anderson S, ... "Maternally inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to a novel T-to-C transition at nucleotide 9997 in the mitochondrial tRNA( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MT-TG
Maine CoonMaine Coon
"Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy". Cat Fanciers' Association. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 24 ... "Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Genetic Mutation Testing Service for Cats". Washington State University. Archived from the original ... The most severe threat is feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common heart disease seen in cats, whether ... "Frequently Asked Questions about the test for the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutation". Washington State University. Archived ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine_Coon
Ventricular hypertrophyVentricular hypertrophy
Clinical course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a regional United States cohort. Maron BJ, Casey SA, Poliac LC, Gohman TE, ... Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Veselka J, Anavekar NS, Charron P Lancet. 2017;389(10075):1253. Epub 2016 Nov 30. ... Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Veselka J, Anavekar NS, Charron P. Lancet. 2017;389(10075):1253. Epub 2016 Nov 30. ... Outcome of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a normal electrocardiogram. McLeod CJ, Ackerman MJ, Nishimura RA, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_hypertrophy
Haplogroup T (mtDNA)Haplogroup T (mtDNA)
Hypertrophic CardioMyopathy (HCM) also referred to as Hypertrophic Obstructive CardioMyopathy or HOCM is more likely to happen ... "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Medical Encyclopedia". Medline Plus. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2015-10-03. Meet the ... Castro, M (2006). "Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in Spanish patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy". Int J Cardiol. 112 (2 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_T_(mtDNA)
Les AspinLes Aspin
... hypertrophic cardiomyopathy/obstructive cardiomyopathy). It necessitated hospitalization during his tenure as Defense Secretary ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Aspin
Program in Liberal Medical EducationProgram in Liberal Medical Education
Srihari S. Naidu, (Sc.B. 1993, M.D. 1997) Director, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ... Noted authority on Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. "How Many BS/MD Programs Are There? - BS/MD Admissions by College Admissions ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_in_Liberal_Medical_Education
Ben BreedloveBen Breedlove
"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". Nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved March 8, 2015. The two part video can be ... On the night of December 25, 2011, he died from complications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at the age of 18. Ben Breedlove ... "HCMA Remembers Ben Breedlove and Encourages You to Get the Facts on Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)". Market Watch. January 5 ... At an early age, Breedlove had been diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). On December 18, 2011, Breedlove released ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Breedlove
RagdollRagdoll
... and Their Association with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy" (PDF). Vetogene.it. Retrieved 15 December 2017. "Hypertrophic ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common heart disease in all cats and is most commonly genetic in cause. The disease ... cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats". Fabcats.org. Retrieved 15 December 2017. Ragdoll history according to the Ragdoll Fanciers Club ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragdoll
ACTC1ACTC1
The E101K missense mutation has been associated with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Left Ventricular Noncompaction. Another ... "Inherited and de novo mutations in the cardiac actin gene cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy". Journal of Molecular and Cellular ... "Mutation in the alpha-cardiac actin gene associated with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular non-compaction, ... "Gene mutations in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy". Circulation. 112 (18): 2805-11. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.547448. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACTC1
Pacemaker syndromePacemaker syndrome
... which may be caused by diseases such as hypertensive cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, ... This includes patients with cardiomyopathy (hypertensive, hypertrophic, restrictive) and elderly individuals. Other factors ... in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy". Am. J. Cardiol. 70 (18): 1507-11. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(92)90313-N. PMID 1442632. Theodorakis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacemaker_syndrome
Barry A. LoveBarry A. Love
"Gregory M. Hirsch Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center". Archived from the original on January 27, 2011. Retrieved November 9, ... "Postrenal biopsy AVM leading to severe hypertension and dilated cardiomyopathy". Pediatr. Nephrol. 24 (12): 2459-62. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_A._Love
ActinActin
... such as Type 1R dilated cardiomyopathy and Type 11 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Certain defects of the atrial septum have been ... The mutations in ACTC1 are responsible for at least 5% of hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. The existence of a number of point ... Revisión" [Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: genes, mutations and animal models. a review]. Investigación Clínica (in ... Kabaeva, Zhyldyz (11 November 2002). Genetic analysis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Thesis). doi:10.18452/14800. Olson TM, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actin
Cardiac muscleCardiac muscle
... hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), abnormally large (dilated cardiomyopathy), or abnormally stiff (restrictive cardiomyopathy). Some ... Liew, Alphonsus C.; Vassiliou, Vassilios S.; Cooper, Robert; Raphael, Claire E. (2017-12-12). "Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Past ... Diseases of the heart muscle known as cardiomyopathies are of major importance. These include ischemic conditions caused by a ... 2011). "Cardiac stem cells in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy (SCIPIO): initial results of a randomised phase 1 trial". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_muscle
Expressivity (genetics)Expressivity (genetics)
Marian AJ, Roberts R (April 2001). "The molecular genetic basis for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy". Journal of Molecular and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressivity_(genetics)
R Ian JackR Ian Jack
Jack died from heart problems (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). He had been suffering from prostate cancer and related kidney ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_Ian_Jack
MYH10MYH10
... and progressive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at 6 months. These data indicate that NM-IIB functions in ensuring the proper ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH10
Locus heterogeneityLocus heterogeneity
September 1990). "Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetically heterogeneous disease". The Journal of Clinical ... For instance, it has been associated with retinitis pigmentosa, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, osteogenesis imperfecta, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_heterogeneity
Sengers syndromeSengers syndrome
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is diagnosed at birth in half. Death in the first year is usually due to cardiac failure. Marked ... Sengers syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterised by congenital cataract, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ... The chronic form have stable cardiomyopathy and myopathy with a normal intellect. Other reported features include nystagmus, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengers_syndrome
Alcohol septal ablationAlcohol septal ablation
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a condition of the cardiac muscle which grows abnormally thick in the absence of a ... February 2005). "Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: comparison of outcomes after myectomy or alcohol ablation adjusted by ... In a large subset of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, thickening of the heart muscle in a particular part ... Sigwart U (July 1995). "Non-surgical myocardial reduction for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy". Lancet. 346 (8969): 211 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_septal_ablation
Wilfred FrostWilfred Frost
Wilfred underwent hypertrophic cardiomyopathy screening and tested negative. He is the godson of John Cleese. "Wilfred Frost". ... In 2015, Frost's older brother, Miles, died from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. His father had the same condition when he died as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfred_Frost
Shauna BradleyShauna Bradley
Watson explained "Shauna's condition is called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It's generally found in athletes when there's too ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shauna_Bradley
ProteasomeProteasome
"Ubiquitin proteasome dysfunction in human hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies". Circulation. 121 (8): 997-1004. doi: ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteasome
TachycardiaTachycardia
Cardiomyopathy *Dilated *Alcoholic. *Hypertrophic. *Tachycardia-induced. *Restrictive. *Loeffler endocarditis. *Cardiac ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex_tachycardia
कार्दियाक अरिदमियाकार्दियाक अरिदमिया
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic right ventricular ...
https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/कार्दियाक_अरिदमिया
Leigh syndromeLeigh syndrome
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (thickening of part of the heart muscle) is also sometimes found and can cause death;[1] asymmetric ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leigh_disease
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophyLimb-girdle muscular dystrophy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 1, 8, 10. *Usher syndrome 1B. *Freeman-Sheldon syndrome. *DFN A3, 4, 11, 17, 22; B2, 30, 37, 48 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysferlinopathy
家貓品種列表 - 维基百科，自由的百科家貓品種列表 - 维基百科，自由的百科
肥厚性心肌症（英语：Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy）. *免疫缺陷病毒 ...
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/家貓品種列表
හෘද රෝග - විකිපීඩියා, නිදහස් විශ්වකෝෂයහෘද රෝග - විකිපීඩියා, නිදහස් විශ්වකෝෂය
Cardiomyopathy: Dilated (Alcoholic), Hypertrophic, and Restrictive *Loeffler endocarditis. *Cardiac amyloidosis. *Endocardial ...
https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/හෘද_රෝග
Atrial fibrillationAtrial fibrillation
Familial AF presenting in the setting of another inherited cardiac disease (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy ... hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), pericarditis, congenital heart disease, and previous heart surgery.[24] Congenital heart ... High blood pressure, valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, COPD, obesity, ... cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disease.[5] In the developing world, valvular heart disease often occurs as a result of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation
List of cat breedsList of cat breeds
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. *Immunodeficiency virus. *Infectious peritonitis. *Leukemia virus. *Lower urinary tract disease ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_breed
OnychectomyOnychectomy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. *Immunodeficiency virus. *Infectious peritonitis. *Leukemia virus. *Lower urinary tract disease ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychectomy
Maine coonMaine coon
UFAW (2011) Maine Coon: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, 2011. Besøkt 2019-03-30. ...
https://no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine_coon
Split S2Split S2
Aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, left bundle branch block (LBBB), and a ventricular pacemaker could all cause a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split_S2
Placental diseasePlacental disease
Hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy. *Chorangiosis. *Chorangioma. *Placental infarction. Neoplastic[edit]. Trophoblastic ... Peripartum cardiomyopathy. *Postpartum depression. *Postpartum infections. *Postpartum psychosis. *Postpartum thyroiditis. * ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placental_disease
Lown-Ganong-Levine syndromeLown-Ganong-Levine syndrome
Cardiomyopathy *Dilated *Alcoholic. *Hypertrophic. *Tachycardia-induced. *Restrictive. *Loeffler endocarditis. *Cardiac ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lown–Ganong–Levine_syndrome
Premature junctional contractionPremature junctional contraction
Cardiomyopathy *Dilated *Alcoholic. *Hypertrophic. *Restrictive. *Loeffler endocarditis. *Cardiac amyloidosis. *Endocardial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premature_junctional_contractions
Cat anatomyCat anatomy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. *Immunodeficiency virus. *Infectious peritonitis. *Leukemia virus. *Lower urinary tract disease ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_anatomy
Beta blockerBeta blocker
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. *Long QT syndrome. *Marfan syndrome (treatment with propranolol slows progression of ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_blocker
Hypertensive heart diseaseHypertensive heart disease
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. *Left ventricular hypertrophy in athletes. *Congestive heart failure or heart failure with normal ... A complex syndrome or a hypertensive 'cardiomyopathy'?". European Heart Journal. 21 (20): 1653-65. doi:10.1053/euhj.2000.2339. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensive_heart_disease
Cultural depictions of catsCultural depictions of cats
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. *Immunodeficiency virus. *Infectious peritonitis. *Leukemia virus. *Lower urinary tract disease ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_cats
Ataki keng pusuAtaki keng pusu
Myocarditis - Cardiomyopathy (Dilated cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Restrictive cardiomyopathy) - Arrhythmogenic ...
https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarction
Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseaseCharcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 1, 8, 10. *Usher syndrome 1B. *Freeman-Sheldon syndrome. *DFN A3, 4, 11, 17, 22; B2, 30, 37, 48 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcot–Marie–Tooth_disease
ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory systemICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system
I42.1) Obstructive hypertrophy cardiomyopathy. *(I42.2) Other hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. *(I42.3) Endomyocardial ( ... I43) Cardiomyopathy in diseases classified elsewhere. Other[edit]. *(I50) Heart failure *(I50.0) Congestive heart failure * ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICD-10_Chapter_IX:_Diseases_of_the_circulatory_system
Pre-eclampsiaPre-eclampsia
A micrograph showing hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy, a finding seen in gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. H&E ... Peripartum cardiomyopathy. *Postpartum depression. *Postpartum psychosis. *Postpartum thyroiditis. *Puerperal fever. *Puerperal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-eclampsia
कार्दियोलजिकार्दियोलजि
ताकोसुबो कार्दियोमायोप्याथी (Transient apical ballooning, stress-induced cardiomyopathy) A type of dilated cardiomyopathy ... हाइपरत्रफिक अब्स्त्रक्तिभ कार्दियोमायोप्याथी (HOCM) (Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS)) दाइलेतेद ... एरिद्मोजेनिक राइत भेन्त्रिकुलर दिस्प्लेसिया (Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy) Cardiomyopathy caused by a ... Cardiomyopathy caused by excessive rigidity of the heart.. हार्त फेलुअर नुगलं म्हयात माःगु रुपय् हि संकेमफूगु अवस्था। कोर ...
https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/कार्दियोलजि
Left posterior fascicular blockLeft posterior fascicular block
Cardiomyopathy *Dilated *Alcoholic. *Hypertrophic. *Restrictive. *Loeffler endocarditis. *Cardiac amyloidosis. *Endocardial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_posterior_fascicular_block
Cardiac arrhythmiaCardiac arrhythmia
Myocarditis - Cardiomyopathy (Dilated cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Restrictive cardiomyopathy) - Arrhythmogenic ...
https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_arrhythmia
Adams-Stokes syndromeAdams-Stokes syndrome
Cardiomyopathy *Dilated *Alcoholic. *Hypertrophic. *Tachycardia-induced. *Restrictive. *Loeffler endocarditis. *Cardiac ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams–Stokes_syndrome
CardiologyCardiology
Echocardiography can help detect cardiomyopathies, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and many others ... Heart disease, Cardiovascular disease, Atherosclerosis, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertension (High Blood Pressure). Significant tests. ... Cardiac disorders such as coronary heart disease, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and ... Wallace Brigden (1916-2008), identified cardiomyopathy. *Willem Einthoven (1860-1927), a physiologist who built the first ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiologist
Hypertrophic CardiomyopathyHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
[A condition in which the myocardium is hypertrophied without an obvious cause. The hypertrophy is generally asymmetric and may be associated with obstruction of the ventricular outflow tract.]
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/NCIT/terms?iri=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FNCIT_C34449
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | OHSUHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | OHSU
The Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinic at OHSU is the first of its kind in Oregon dedicated to treating this complicated ... Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy The Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Clinic at OHSU is the first of its kind in Oregon dedicated ... What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?. Dr. Stephen Heitner, cardiologist at the OHSU Knight Cardiovascular Institute, talks ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cardiac condition, is difficult to diagnose and affects each ...
https://www.ohsu.edu/knight-cardiovascular-institute/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - WikipediaHypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Wikipedia
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at Curlie GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Overview National ... 2014 ESC Guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Colan SD (October 2010). "Hypertrophic ... hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), has also historically been known as idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis ... A diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is based upon a number of features of the disease process. While there is use of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaHypertrophic cardiomyopathy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes thick. Often, only one part of the heart is ... In some cases, the condition may develop into dilated cardiomyopathy. People with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are at higher ... Cardiomyopathy - hypertrophic (HCM); IHSS; Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis; Asymmetric septal hypertrophy; ASH; HOCM ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes thick. Often, only one part of the heart is ...
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000192.htm
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Read About TreatmentHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Read About Treatment
Read about how Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with thickening of the heart muscle, most commonly at the septum ... Heart Disease: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. *What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?. *What are the symptoms of hypertrophic ... Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Medication Treatment. What medication treatments for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are available?. ... home/heart health center/heart a-z list/cardiomyopathy hypertrophic center /cardiomyopathy (hypertrophic) article ...
https://www.medicinenet.com/cardiomyopathy_hypertrophic/article.htm
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | Srihari Naidu | SpringerHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | Srihari Naidu | Springer
This contributed volume provides an extensively updated review of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy for all cardiology medical ... Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Editors. * Srihari Naidu Copyright. 2019. Publisher. Springer International Publishing. Copyright ... Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy provides readers with key points and critical clinical pearls to assist them in managing patients. ... Srihari S. Naidu MD, FSCAI, FACC, FAHA, Editor of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is an Associate Professor of Medicine at New York ...
https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319924229
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: MedlinePlus GeneticsFamilial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heart condition characterized by thickening (hypertrophy) of the heart (cardiac) ... medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/ Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ... Genetic Testing Registry: Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 1 *Genetic Testing Registry: Familial hypertrophic ... Genetic Testing Registry: Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 4 *Genetic Testing Registry: Familial hypertrophic ...
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ScreeningHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Screening
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic condition in which the heart fails to pump normally due to the muscular walls of the ... www.bhf.org.uk/heart-health/conditions/cardiomyopathy/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy. Further Reading. *All Hypertrophic ... Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Screening. News-Medical. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Hypertrophic-Cardiomyopathy-Screening ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic condition in which the heart fails to pump normally due to the muscular walls of the ...
https://www.news-medical.net/health/Hypertrophic-Cardiomyopathy-Screening.aspx
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy TreatmentsHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Treatments
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disease of the heart muscles that reduces the hearts ability to pump blood around the ... www.bhf.org.uk/heart-health/conditions/cardiomyopathy/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy. Further Reading. *All Hypertrophic ... http://www.cardiomyopathy.org/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/intro *https://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/Cardiomyopathy/ ... Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Treatments. News-Medical. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Hypertrophic-Cardiomyopathy- ...
https://www.news-medical.net/health/Hypertrophic-Cardiomyopathy-Treatments.aspx
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy screening - WikipediaHypertrophic cardiomyopathy screening - Wikipedia
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, HCM can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. In a limited number of cases it can lead to sudden cardiac ... Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: For Patients, Their Families and Interested Physicians by Barry J. Maron), Lisa Salberg - 3rd ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy_screening
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Newly diagnosed?Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Newly diagnosed?
... cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Answer: Youve got to keep your bp down. Im on a beta ... ... Home › Q & A › Questions › Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy -.... Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Newly diagnosed?. Asked. 8 Feb 2014 ... cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, side effect, medicine, statin, cholesterol, diagnosis. Details:. Simvastatin for ... Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - I just been diagnosed with hcm a couple of months ago I am scared?. Posted 3 Mar 2016 • 1 answer ...
https://www.drugs.com/answers/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-newly-diagnosed-937942.html
Hypertrophic CardiomyopathyHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
... Overview. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic condition that causes your heart walls to ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can cause serious heart symptoms or sudden cardiac death, a life-threatening condition that ... To learn about diagnosis, treatment, and therapies, please visit the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Program. ...
https://www.emoryhealthcare.org/heart-vascular/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy.html
Hypertrophic CardiomyopathyHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in minutes with SmartDraw. SmartDraw includes ... Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in minutes with ... In Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the thickened muscle makes the inside of the left ventricle smaller so that it holds less blood ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the thickening of the muscles that make up the heart. The thickening may interfere with the ...
https://www.smartdraw.com/disorders-of-the-myocardium/examples/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Overview - Mayo ClinicHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Overview - Mayo Clinic
A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. ...
https://www.mayoclinic.org/vid-20114494
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Read About TreatmentHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Read About Treatment
Read about how Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with thickening of the heart muscle, most commonly at the septum ... What lifestyle changes are recommended to treat hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?. *What medications are used for hypertrophic ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can run in families, but the condition may also be acquired as a part of aging or high blood ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with thickening of the heart muscle, most commonly at the septum between the ...
https://www.rxlist.com/cardiomyopathy_hypertrophic/article.htm
Cardiology Society Gets to the Heart of Hypertrophic CardiomyopathyCardiology Society Gets to the "Heart" of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most commonly inherited cardiac condition, occurring in one in ... "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is usually caused by abnormal genes that cause the heart muscle to grow thicker than normal," said ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most commonly inherited cardiac condition, occurring in one in every 500 people within ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occurs if heart muscle cells enlarge and cause the walls of the ventricles-usually the left ...
https://www.prweb.com/releases/cardiology_society_gets_to_the_heart_of_hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy/prweb16327332.htm
Cardiomyopathy, infantile hypertrophicCardiomyopathy, infantile hypertrophic
An infantile form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a heart disorder characterized by ventricular hypertrophy, which is usually ...
https://www.uniprot.org/diseases/DI-04888
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinic - Overview - Mayo ClinicHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinic - Overview - Mayo Clinic
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and treatment options. Show transcript for video Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and treatment options ... In the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinic, cardiologists trained in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ... new diagnostic tests and treatments for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Learn more about research in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects each person differently. Cardiologists and other staff in Mayo Clinics Hypertrophic ...
https://www.mayoclinic.org/departments-centers/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-clinic/overview/ovc-20442502?mc_id=us&utm_source=sharingmayoclinic&utm_medium=l&utm_content=content&utm_campaign=mayoclinic&geo=national&placementsite=enterprise&cauid=100717
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Natural history and prognosisHypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Natural history and prognosis
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetically determined heart muscle disease caused by mutations in one of several ... Patient education: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in adults (The Basics). *Patient education: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Medical therapy. *Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Morphologic variants and the pathophysiology of ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation. *Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Gene mutations ...
http://www.uptodate.com/contents/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-natural-history-and-prognosis
Pediatric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Background, Pathophysiology, EtiologyPediatric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
The definition and classification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have varied over the decades, primarily because the ... encoded search term (Pediatric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy) and Pediatric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy What to Read Next on ... Outcomes in children with Noonan syndrome and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a study from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry. ... Epidemiology and cause-specific outcome of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children: findings from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/890068-overview
Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic 27Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic 27
A form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a heart disorder characterized by ventricular hypertrophy, which is usually asymmetric ... CMH27 is a severe, early-onset form with features of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy. ...
https://www.uniprot.org/diseases/DI-05290
Hypertrophic CardiomyopathyHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
... , Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy, Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis, IHSS, HOCM. ... Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Aka: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive ... Cardiomyopathy;hypertrophic, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), cardiomyopathy hypertrophic, obstructive cardiomyopathy, ... Hypertrophic, Obstructive Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, hypertrophic myocardiopathy, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ...
https://fpnotebook.com/cv/Myocardium/HyprtrphcCrdmypthy.htm
Hypertrophic CardiomyopathyHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Diagnosis and management of valve disease in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy *Aortic valve disease ...
https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Hypertrophic-Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic CardiomyopathyHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
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https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Guidelines-derivative-products/Pocket-Guidelines/Hypertrophic-Cardiomyopathy
Nifedipine in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. | CirculationNifedipine in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. | Circulation
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http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/66/2/478.2
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | Conditions | UCSF HealthHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | Conditions | UCSF Health
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited disease of the heart muscle. HCM can cause the wall of the heart muscle to ... Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited disease of the heart muscle. HCM can cause the ... Our Approach to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Over the past decades, UCSF has helped pioneer breakthroughs in the understanding ... and treatment of genetic heart disorders such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Patients have access to world-class care at our ...
https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Center | UPMCHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Center | UPMC
The UPMC Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Center offers personalized diagnostic tests, management, and treatment for patients ... Our Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Experts. Initial Evaluation at the UPMC Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Center. *Timothy C. ... UPMC Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Center. People who have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have access to comprehensive, ... About the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Center. Personalized care, innovative treatment for a complex disease. Hypertrophic ...
https://www.upmc.com/services/heart-vascular/services/programs/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-center
UPMC Establishes Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center UPMC Establishes Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center
UPMC has established a center to treat patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a condition in which the heart muscle ... UPMC Establishes Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center. PITTSBURGH, March 8, 2010 - UPMC has established a center to treat ... Extreme cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may lead to heart failure, or even sudden death. However, most patients do not ... "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disease that affects more than 600,000 people in the United States, but only 20 ...
http://www.upmc.com/media/newsreleases/2010/pages/upmc-establishes-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-center.aspx
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Make an AppointmentHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Make an Appointment
... from your primary care physician or cardiologist and would like to make an appointment with the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ...
https://www.emoryhealthcare.org/centers-programs/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-program/appointment.html
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy CenterHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center
Cleveland Clinics Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center is a multidisciplinary specialty treatment group dedicated to the ... Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center Diagnoses and treats hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in ... Experts in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy explain symptoms of HCM, how it is diagnosed and treated.. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( ... The Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center Cardiologist will provide you with a diagnosis and plan of care within 1 to 2 days, ...
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/heart/depts/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy
FamilialPeople with hypertrophic cardiomyopathyGeneticObstructive hypertrophicSymptomsApical hypertrophic cardiomyopathyChildren with hypertrophic cardiomyopathyDiseaseHOCMIdiopathic hypertroSuddenRestrictive cardiomyopathy2019HypertensionPathogenesisObstructionHypertrophyForm of hypertrophic cardiomyopathyTypes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathyTreatmentsMutationsAtrial fibrillationMyocardialInfantile hypertrophicAffectsSymptomaticAutosomal dominant patternAdultCenter of ExcellenceCardiovascular InstituteAppointmentCardiologyFamiliesTreatmentCoronaryMutationMorphologic abnormalitiesOccursClinical
Familial18
  • Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heart condition characterized by thickening (hypertrophy) of the heart (cardiac) muscle. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The symptoms of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are variable, even within the same family. (medlineplus.gov)
  • While most people with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are symptom-free or have only mild symptoms, this condition can have serious consequences. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have an increased risk of sudden death, even if they have no other symptoms of the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects an estimated 1 in 500 people worldwide. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The proteins produced from the genes associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy play important roles in contraction of the heart muscle by forming muscle cell structures called sarcomeres . (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, it is not clear how these contraction problems are related to hypertrophy or the symptoms of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Defects in genes that encode for the sarcomeric proteins (eg, myosin heavy chain, actin, tropomyosin, titin) provide the molecular basis for most cases of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). (medscape.com)
  • Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and is attributed to mutations in one of a number of genes that encode for the sarcomere proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • A form of heart attack called familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is caused by individual myosin molecules and rod-like filaments inside muscles that produce less force and a lower maximum velocity of contraction than in healthy hearts, accordign to a study. (upi.com)
  • Oct. 16 (UPI) -- Researchers have found out what leads to a form of heart attack called familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Individual myosin molecules and rod-like filaments inside muscles produce less force and a lower maximum velocity of contraction than in healthy hearts. (upi.com)
  • Study familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. (nih.gov)
  • Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one the most common heart disorders, with gene mutations in the cardiac sarcomere. (nih.gov)
  • Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy , also known as FHC or HCM, is a rare condition best known publicly for it's association with sudden death among young athletes. (snpedia.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous, often familial disease, characterized by cardiac hypertrophy, predominantly affecting the interventricular septum. (diva-portal.org)
  • A related article, "Recent Advances in the Molecular Genetics of Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in South Asian Descendants" was published in the October edition of the journal Frontiers in Physiology . (medindia.net)
  • When a young athlete suddenly dies of a heart attack, chances are high that they suffer from familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). (medicalxpress.com)
  • While I fully agree that most patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have an abnormal ECG, I do not feel that the tracing shown in Figure 1 is representative of what one should expect to find with this abnormality, other than the slight increased association of a familial form of WPW that is seen with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (aafp.org)
People with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy8
  • Some people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may not have symptoms and will have normal lifespan. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are at higher risk for sudden death than people without the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Many people with ?hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have no symptoms or only minor symptoms, and live a normal life. (medicinenet.com)
  • Providing patients have their symptoms treated and are appropriately monitored, people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can lead a normal life. (news-medical.net)
  • Doctors trained in heart disease (cardiologists) have experience and expertise evaluating and treating people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinic at Mayo Clinic. (mayoclinic.org)
  • We recommend that some people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have a pacemaker or ICD implanted under the skin in the chest. (nyp.org)
  • These devices can be life-saving for people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who are at risk for sudden cardiac death or experience life-threatening arrhythmias. (nyp.org)
  • Our experienced team provides comprehensive, life-long care for people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (vanderbilthealth.com)
Genetic29
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cardiac condition, is difficult to diagnose and affects each person differently. (ohsu.edu)
  • This extensively updated edition provides a comprehensive review of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the most common genetic disorder of the heart characterized by dysfunctional contractility at the sarcomere level. (springer.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic condition in which the heart fails to pump normally due to the muscular walls of the ventricles becoming abnormally thickened and stiff. (news-medical.net)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disease of the heart muscles that reduces the heart's ability to pump blood around the body effectively. (news-medical.net)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic condition that causes your heart walls to thicken. (emoryhealthcare.org)
  • See 'Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Gene mutations and clinical genetic testing' . (uptodate.com)
  • Over the past decades, UCSF has helped pioneer breakthroughs in the understanding and treatment of genetic heart disorders such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Recognizing the need for a coordinated approach to treat this complex disease, the UPMC Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center provides a central location for patients and families to receive HCM services including genetic counseling, cardiac imaging, stress testing, nutritional consultation and psychological care. (upmc.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disease that affects more than 600,000 people in the United States, but only 20 percent of these individuals know that they have it," said Joon Sup Lee, M.D., clinical director, UPMC Cardiovascular Institute. (upmc.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic heart condition affecting an estimated 1 in 250 people. (ucsd.edu)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common genetic cardiovascular disease, affecting about 500,000 people in the United States. (heart.org)
  • Our center provides long-term care and treatment for patients with the genetic heart condition known as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disease that leads to abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, which makes it harder to pump blood and strains the heart. (uvahealth.com)
  • Its prevalence, genetic background, and impact in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are unknown and were therefore investigated in this study. (biomedsearch.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cardiomyopathy, affecting approximately 1 in 500 people. (medscape.com)
  • It led Mike to become interested in cardiology, and then to what he describes as his "perfect job", initially researching a PHD and now as a post-doctoral researcher at Oxford University with Dr Damian Tyler and BHF Professor Hugh Watkins , who has led the way in finding the genetic mutations that cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (bhf.org.uk)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disease in which the heart muscle grows abnormally, making the heart muscle thicken. (unchealthcare.org)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be caused by an abnormal arrangement of muscle cells or genetic mutations. (dellchildrens.net)
  • Genetic Pathogenesis of Hypertrophic and Dilated Cardiomyopathy. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Sarcomere cardiomyopathies are genetic diseases that perturb contractile function and lead to hypertrophic or dilated myocardial remodeling. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a disease with a strong genetic component Watch this video with thoracic surgeon Dr. Hiroo Takayama to learn why having a family member who died early or suddenly of cardiac arrest is also cause for screening. (sharecare.com)
  • Since hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can run in families, we offer genetic testing and counseling, should you wish to receive it. (nyp.org)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and other genetic heart muscle diseases are associated with risks for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. (vanderbilthealth.com)
  • A genetic mutation or predisposition can lead to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - this is best documented among Maine Coons and Ragdolls - but for most cats, the cause remains a mystery. (catster.com)
  • Early screening for a genetic variant that predisposes people of South Asian descent to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy could help reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death in this population, suggests a University of Cincinnati College of Medicine heart researcher. (medindia.net)
  • The South Asian population, encompassing about 1.8 billion people globally and 1% of the U.S. population or four million people, is more likely to carry a genetic variant of myosin binding protein C, cardiac (MYBPC3), which organizes heart muscle structure and plays a role in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy," says Sakthivel Sadayappan, professor in the Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease. (medindia.net)
  • Many children are diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy through genetic screening and EKG testing when the condition is expected. (ihealthdirectory.com)
  • Most authorities believe that there is a hereditary component to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), although the exact nature of the genetic abnormality is not known. (petwave.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder of cardiac myocytes that is characterized by cardiac hypertrophy, unexplained by the loading conditions, a non-dilated left ventricle and a normal or increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LV-EF). (intechopen.com)
Obstructive hypertrophic8
  • If this happens, the condition is called obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (prweb.com)
  • The common symptoms that patients have when they have obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are shortness of breath, angina-like chest pain and syncope. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The surgical procedure for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is called septal myectomy. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Multicenter study of the efficacy and safety of disopyramide in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (freemd.com)
  • Blood flow may be blocked to and from the ventricle as a result leading to a condition called obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the AHA reports. (medindia.net)
  • The cardiac myosin inhibitor mavacamten substantially improved health status in patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, with benefits observed early after treatment, according to new data from EXPLORER-HCM. (healio.com)
  • As Healio previously reported , treatment with mavacamten, a novel oral allosteric modulator of cardiac myosin, was shown to significantly improve symptoms, quality of life and functional status compared with placebo among participants with symptomatic, obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (healio.com)
  • For the secondary analysis, Spertus and colleagues analyzed data from 251 adults with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (left ventricular outflow tract gradient 50 mm Hg and New York Heart Association class II-III) who were randomly assigned mavacamten (n = 123) or placebo (n = 88) for 30 weeks, followed by an 8-week washout period. (healio.com)
Symptoms18
  • Dr. Stephen Heitner, cardiologist at the OHSU Knight Cardiovascular Institute, talks about symptoms, treatments and OHSU's Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Program, the only one in Oregon. (ohsu.edu)
  • You have any symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can cause serious heart symptoms or sudden cardiac death, a life-threatening condition that requires emergency care. (emoryhealthcare.org)
  • For patients who have symptoms due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the first line of therapy is always to use medical management, medications. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The patients who are referred for surgery almost always have either failed medical treatment or have side effects from the medicines that limit them just as much as the symptoms from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Beta blockers are used in both cases, but treatment with diuretics, a mainstay of CHF treatment, will exacerbate symptoms in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy by decreasing ventricular preload volume and thereby increasing outflow resistance (less blood to push aside the thickened obstructing tissue). (wikipedia.org)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a challenging disease to diagnose and treat because the symptoms often mimic other conditions, and some patients experience no symptoms at all," said Ferhaan Ahmad, M.D., Ph.D., director, UPMC Cardiovascular Genetics Center. (upmc.com)
  • Experts in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy explain symptoms of HCM, how it is diagnosed and treated. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by hypertrophy of the myocardium and is associated with various clinical presentations ranging from complete absence of symptoms to sudden, unexpected death. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • We hereby discuss two cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with angina refractory to beta-blockers, where ranolazine led to improvement in symptoms. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a condition that causes the muscular walls of a cat's heart to thicken, decreasing the heart's efficiency and sometimes creating symptoms in other parts of the body. (cornell.edu)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy symptoms may be non-specific. (ucsd.edu)
  • We propose that Biventricular pacing may similarly improve these abnormalities in patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, resulting in an improvement of symptoms. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Although many children don't experience any symptoms, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can significantly impact the how the heart pumps blood as the heart muscles thickens from the disease. (dellchildrens.net)
  • Once diagnosed, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can typically be managed to alleviate symptoms and prevent cardiac arrhythmias that can threaten your child's life. (dellchildrens.net)
  • Most children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy don't have any symptoms. (dellchildrens.net)
  • However, there are some people who have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who do not have any symptoms at all. (ihealthdirectory.com)
  • No evidence-based treatments are available for non-hypertrophic HCM patients (pre-hypertrophic stage), on the other hand in classic HCM, adverse remodeling and overt dysfunction phenotype, pharmacological or interventional strategies have the target to improve functional capacity, reduce symptoms, prevent disease progression. (intechopen.com)
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy6
  • Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) is a nonobstructive and relatively rare subtype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). (thefreedictionary.com)
  • We present a case of a patient with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation who suffered dire thromboembolic consequences despite a reassuringly low CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score and suggest that this scoring system is modified to incorporate the thromboembolic risk inherent to certain cardiomyopathies irrespective of impairment of left ventricular systolic dysfunction or clinical heart failure. (hindawi.com)
  • The patient subsequently had a cardiac ultrasound (ECHO) at an outside institution which demonstrated apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM). (massgeneral.org)
  • Detection of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with nondiagnostic echocardiography. (massgeneral.org)
  • Yamada M, Teraoka K, Kawade M, Hirano M, Yamashina A. Frequency and Distribution of Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Patients With Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Patients With Asymmetric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Comparative Study. (massgeneral.org)
  • Apical aneurysms are outpouchings of the left ventricular apex that are relatively common in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with midventricular obstruc. (bioportfolio.com)
Children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy3
  • Doctors trained in pediatric cardiology (pediatric cardiologists) and heart surgery (cardiovascular surgeons) treat children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at Mayo Clinic's campus in Minnesota. (mayoclinic.org)
  • NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Researchers have developed a new model to predict the individualized risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (medscape.com)
  • Most children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy go on to lead active, healthy lives after treatment. (dellchildrens.net)
Disease29
  • The Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Clinic at OHSU is the first of its kind in Oregon dedicated to treating this complicated disease, in which the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick. (ohsu.edu)
  • A recognized expert in the management of patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in general, and the minimally-invasive alternative to open heart surgery alcohol septal ablation in particular, Dr. Naidu runs a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence and has managed over 1000 patients with the disease. (springer.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a disease in which the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, and it is usually inherited. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common inherited cardiomyopathy or heart muscle disease. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetically determined heart muscle disease caused by mutations in one of several sarcomere genes which encode components of the contractile apparatus. (uptodate.com)
  • In the past, this disease entity has been called idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS), asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH), dynamic muscular subaortic stenosis, diffuse muscular subaortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, Teare disease, Brock disease, and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). (medscape.com)
  • At present, most authorities agree to call this disease entity "hypertrophic cardiomyopathy," which is then subdivided into obstructive and nonobstructive types, depending upon the presence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. (medscape.com)
  • HCM can be distinguished from other inherited causes of cardiomyopathy by its autosomal dominant pattern, whereas Fabry disease is X-linked and Friedreich's Ataxia is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited disease of the heart muscle. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complex type of heart disease that affects the heart muscle. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heart disease in cats, and while there are things that can be done to medically manage cats with this condition, it is true that there is no cure for HCM. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • There are two main forms of the disease - hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Maron BJ, Wolfson JK, Epstein SE, Roberts WC (1986) Intramural ("small vessel") coronary artery disease in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (springer.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most commonly diagnosed cardiac disease in cats. (cornell.edu)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease of your heart muscle that causes your ventricles to become thick and stiff. (drugs.com)
  • The diagnosis is only made in people who do not have other causes of cardiomyopathy such as amyloidosis , sarcoidosis , coronary or valvular heart disease. (denverhealth.org)
  • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease that affects the heart muscle, causing the muscle to enlarge, or 'hypertrophy. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) disease process is not only limited to cardiomyocyte abnormalities but also engages the extracellular matrix. (hindawi.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a rare form of heart muscle disease in dogs. (petmd.com)
  • Treatment plans for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can vary based on your child's age, health, the level of disease and the prognosis. (dellchildrens.net)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited disease that directly affects the heart muscle. (texasheart.org)
  • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common form of inherited heart disease, yet a large number of individuals with HCM are undiagnosed. (pcna.net)
  • Amyloid heart disease mimicking hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (diva-portal.org)
  • I have no idea what the outcome of the cat's treatment was, but when I went back home and researched blood clots in cats, I found out that the most common cause was hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, also known as HCM, a disease that even the most conscientious cat caretakers and vets might not be able to discover until the cat has a health crisis. (catster.com)
  • If there is a family history of heart disease or sudden cardiac death, that might be a red flag, but there can be spontaneous gene mutations where a person without a family history will develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (medindia.net)
  • A different type of heart disease, known as dilated cardiomyopathy, is much more common in dogs. (petwave.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is the most common heart disease diagnosed in cats. (petmd.com)
  • The most common differential diagnosis challenges in the presence of hypertrophic heart disease are represented by: athlete's heart, hypertensive heart and other cardiomyopathies mimicking HCM. (intechopen.com)
  • Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a disease characterised by dynamic obstruction to the blood flow from the left ventricle (LV) into the aorta. (ndtv.com)
HOCM2
  • This type of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be called hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). (clevelandclinic.org)
  • I have been diagnosed with Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM). (ndtv.com)
Idiopathic hypertro2
  • St John Sutton MG, Tajik AJ, Gibson DG, Brown DJ, Seward JB, Giuliani ER (1978) Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular filling and septal and posterior wall dynamics in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. (springer.com)
  • I.H.S.S. - Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis These terms are often inappropriate as the condition is not always asymmetrical, nor does it always cause aortic obstruction. (monash.edu)
Sudden15
  • In many young adults, the first symptom of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is sudden collapse and possible death. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a well-known cause of sudden death in athletes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of sudden death in young people. (news-medical.net)
  • Extreme cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may lead to heart failure, or even sudden death. (upmc.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most-common cause of sudden death in otherwise healthy young athletes, and affects approximately one in 500 people overall. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • This international multicentre study represents the largest published paediatric HCM population and provides, for the first time, a personalised tool to identify children and teenagers with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at high risk of sudden cardiac death who may benefit from implantation of an ICD," concluded Dr. Kaski. (medscape.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the cardiac conditions associated with sudden death in young athletes . (verywellhealth.com)
  • Sudden death in hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy. (biomedsearch.com)
  • The long-term prognosis for 314 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and 82 with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was investigated in an attempt to elucidate clinical variables predicting sudden death (SD). (biomedsearch.com)
  • There was no history of maternal diabetes mellitus and family history was negative for sudden death, cardiomyopathy or heart failure. (springer.com)
  • An artificial intelligence approach developed by Mayo Clinic researchers and physicians could enable earlier detection of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, an often-asymptomatic heart condition that is among the leading causes of sudden death in young athletes. (beckershospitalreview.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is one of the causes for sudden cardiac death and it has been directly linked to the death of certain athletes. (medindia.net)
  • Watch this video with thoracic surgeon Dr. Hiroo Takayama to learn why hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is also linked to the leading cause of sudden death in young people and athletes. (sharecare.com)
  • An incurable condition called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be less deadly than previously thought, according to a new study of sudden cardiac deaths among young people. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of sudden heart attack and death in young athletics during physical activity. (ihealthdirectory.com)
Restrictive cardiomyopathy2
  • Hi everyone, I've Had restrictive cardiomyopathy with limited activity since I was 8 yrs old. (medhelp.org)
  • They would eventually hear a more official diagnosis: Hypertrophic/restrictive cardiomyopathy form of biventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy with systolic and diastolic dysfunction and LV dilation. (lebonheur.org)
20192
  • Retrieved on October 22, 2019 from https://www.news-medical.net/health/Hypertrophic-Cardiomyopathy-Screening.aspx. (news-medical.net)
  • 2019. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Screening . (news-medical.net)
Hypertension1
  • It can correctly distinguish acquired hypertrophy from hypertension, athlete's heart, or Fabry Cardiomyopathy from HCM, enabling appropriate requests for family screening. (prweb.com)
Pathogenesis2
  • Perloff JK (1981) Pathogenesis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: hypotheses and speculations. (springer.com)
  • In a series of specially commissioned papers, clinicians, whose careers span the half a century since Teare's publication, review the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (bmj.com)
Obstruction3
  • So we know now that 2/3 of the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and obstruction are candidates for surgery. (mayoclinic.org)
  • I have had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obstruction since 20. (medhelp.org)
  • This surgery has long been considered the gold standard to relieve obstruction in a hypertrophic heart. (nyp.org)
Hypertrophy11
  • The main feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an excessive thickening of the heart muscle-hypertrophy literally means to thicken. (prweb.com)
  • An infantile form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a heart disorder characterized by ventricular hypertrophy, which is usually asymmetric and often involves the interventricular septum. (uniprot.org)
  • The definition and classification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have varied over the decades, primarily because the phenotypic expression of ventricular hypertrophy can result from a myriad of diseases, especially among children. (medscape.com)
  • The hallmark of HCM is myocardial hypertrophy that is inappropriate and often asymmetric and that occurs in the absence of an obvious inciting hypertrophic stimulus. (medscape.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heart condition characterized by abnormal thickening ("hypertrophy") of the heart muscle , most often in the main pumping chamber called the left ventricle. (upmc.com)
  • Spirito P, Maron BJ, Chiarella F, et al (1985) Diastolic abnormalities in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: relation to magnitude of left ventricular hypertrophy. (springer.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a primary myocardial disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, characterized by an asymmetric thickening (hypertrophy) of the muscle of the left ventricle. (uni-saarland.de)
  • Hypertrophy Cardiomyopathy (HCM): Why Choose Johns Hopkins? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance that is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricles with histological features of myocyte hypertrophy, myfibrillar disarray, and interstitial fibrosis. (genome.jp)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterised by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy, with predominant involvement of the interventricular septum [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Hypertrophy is defined as an enlargement of a tissue or organ, and cardiomyopathy refers to diseases related to heart muscles. (researchandmarkets.com)
Form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy2
  • Younger people are likely to have a more severe form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • An autosomal dominant inherited form of HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY. (bioportfolio.com)
Types of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy1
  • There are different types of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which have different prognoses. (medlineplus.gov)
Treatments1
  • What medication treatments for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are available? (medicinenet.com)
Mutations8
  • Mutations in mtDNA have been implicated in the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), including cases from families with a maternal transmission. (nih.gov)
  • To determine the frequency of mutations in the beta-myosin heavy-chain gene (MYH7) in a cohort of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and their families, and to investigate correlations between genotype and phenotype. (nih.gov)
  • Founder mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients in the Netherlands. (springer.com)
  • Compound heterozygous or homozygous truncating MYBPC3 mutations cause lethal cardiomyopathy with features of noncompaction and septal defects. (springer.com)
  • Two cases of severe neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by compound heterozygous mutations in the MYBPC3 gene. (springer.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: To investigate the importance of transthyretin (TTR) gene mutations in explaining the phenotypic expression in patients diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in northern Sweden. (diva-portal.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is relatively common and often caused by mutations in sarcomeric protein genes. (diva-portal.org)
  • One third of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cases in Finland are caused by one of the four major mutations, a new study from the University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital shows. (medicalxpress.com)
Atrial fibrillation3
  • The Johns Hopkins Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center also provides atrial fibrillation treatment which includes pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), a cardiac ablation procedure that creates scar tissue where all four pulmonary veins join. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • E/e' ratio and left atrial area are predictors of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs in about 20%-25% of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and is associated with increased risk of cardioembolism and heart failure impacting on patients' morbidity. (bioportfolio.com)
Myocardial5
  • Maron BJ, Epstein SE, Roberts WC (1979) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and transmural myocardial infarction without significant atherosclerosis of the extramural coronary arteries. (springer.com)
  • Kawai C, Yui Y, Hishino T, Sasayama S, Matsumori A (1983) Myocardial catecholamines in hypertrophic and dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy: a biopsy study. (springer.com)
  • Chronic Administration of Small Non-Erythropoietic Peptide Sequence of Erythropoietin Effectively Ameliorates the Progression of Post Myocardial Infarction Dilated Cardiomyopathy. (medindia.net)
  • Effect of Spironolactone on Myocardial Fibrosis and Other Clinical Variables in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: a Prospective, Randomized Trial. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy results in abnormal thickening of the myocardium, most commonly in the interventricular septum, with pathologic "myocardial disarray" upon microscopic inspection. (healio.com)
Infantile hypertrophic1
  • Homozygous mutation of MYBPC3 associated with severe infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at high frequency among the Amish. (springer.com)
Affects7
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a very common condition and affects about 1 in 500 people in the UK. (news-medical.net)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects each person differently. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects the way the heart muscle works by causing it to grow thicker and stiffer than normal in certain areas, especially in the walls of the left ventricle and septum. (ucsd.edu)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects an estimated 600,000 to 1.5 million Americans, or one in 500 people. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy often affects the wall between the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart. (dellchildrens.net)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects individuals from various ethnic backgrounds, though rates are higher among South Asians. (medindia.net)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects individuals from various ethnic backgrounds, though rates are higher among South Asians, and has garnered attention notably because several young athletes with the condition have died following rigorous physical performance, says Sadayappan. (medindia.net)
Symptomatic1
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, HCM can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. (wikipedia.org)
Autosomal dominant pattern1
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that each child born to a parent who has the condition is at a 50% risk of also developing it. (news-medical.net)
Adult5
  • The UPMC Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center has locations at UPMC Presbyterian and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, offering both adult and pediatric patients access to state-of-the-art HCM care in collaboration with their personal cardiologists. (upmc.com)
  • However, embryonic NC-Cm ablation results in adult fish that show severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), altered cardiomyocyte size, diminished adult heart capacity and heart failure in cardiac stress tests. (nature.com)
  • Adult jag2b mutants have similar cardiomyopathy. (nature.com)
  • This led us to discover the roles of NC-Cms in regulating the patterning of the Notch pathway activation in cardiomyocytes during trabeculation, and in preventing predisposition to adult-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (nature.com)
  • William's team of cardiologists is scattered across the country - pieced together to care for his complex and rare condition: an electrophysiologist, general pediatric cardiologist and even, for a time, a specialist in adult and adolescent cardiomyopathy. (lebonheur.org)
Center of Excellence3
  • The UPMC HCM Center is a designated center of excellence by the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association (HCMA) , the only one of its kind in western Pennsylvania. (upmc.com)
  • UC San Diego Health is one of just a few medical centers in California designated as a Center of Excellence by the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association . (ucsd.edu)
  • UVA is Virginia's only designated HCM Center of Excellence by the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association . (uvahealth.com)
Cardiovascular Institute2
  • Dr. Stephen Heitner is director of the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinic at the OHSU Knight Cardiovascular Institute. (ohsu.edu)
  • Gagnon Cardiovascular Institute, part of Atlantic Health System Heart Care, has a Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center that specializes in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of HCM. (atlantichealth.org)
Appointment1
  • If you have a referral from your primary care physician or cardiologist and would like to make an appointment with the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Program, please call 404-778-2165 . (emoryhealthcare.org)
Cardiology3
  • The author of over 100 original manuscripts, Dr. Naidu lectures regularly throughout the United States on Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Interventional Cardiology, and leadership aspects to achieving career success, and co-runs a live national proctoring course on the alcohol septal ablation technique. (springer.com)
  • Current American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) diagnostic criteria for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy include the identification of a hypertrophied left ventricle (LV) with wall thickness typically 15 mm or greater in adults without another underlying cause. (medscape.com)
  • Presenting new health status data from the trial at the American College of Cardiology Scientific Session, John A. Spertus, MD, MPH, the Lauer/Missouri Endowed Chair and professor at University of Missouri Kansas City and Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, said mean Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score differences favoring mavacamten (MyoKadria) were amongst the largest he has observed for any medication, eclipsed only by structural heart interventions. (healio.com)
Families5
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is most often passed down through families (inherited). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can run in families, but the condition may also be acquired as a part of aging or high blood pressure . (medicinenet.com)
  • Since hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a hereditary condition and runs in families, a doctor is likely to suggest screening if an individual reports having a first-degree relative with the condition. (news-medical.net)
  • Diagnoses and treats hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in individuals and families. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is one of the most common inherited cardiomyopathies, it may be passed from a parent to child in some families. (ucsd.edu)
Treatment13
  • OHSU experts will help find the right treatment for your hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (ohsu.edu)
  • To learn about diagnosis, treatment, and therapies, please visit the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Program. (emoryhealthcare.org)
  • Cardiologists and other staff in Mayo Clinic's Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinic work closely with you to develop an individualized treatment plan. (mayoclinic.org)
  • People who have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have access to comprehensive, personalized treatment at the UPMC Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Center in Pittsburgh, Pa. (upmc.com)
  • Cleveland Clinic's Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center is a multidisciplinary specialty treatment group dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of HCM in individuals and family members. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Imaging specialists use the latest imaging techniques, such as tissue Doppler imaging, color M-Mode Doppler, transesophageal echocardiography, MR and CT help to diagnose hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and determine the best treatment. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • These medical professionals are experts in their field and have a particular specialty interest in the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Nasdaq: MYOK) today announced that it has dosed the first subjects in a Phase 1 clinical study of MYK-224, a small molecule candidate being developed for the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Treatment and outlook of Cardiomyopathy depends on a number of factors like cause & type of Cardiomyopathy. (medindia.net)
  • Heart transplant is a treatment option for selected patients with hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM). (medindia.net)
  • When you come to NewYork-Presbyterian for the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, we assess your heart and your overall health to determine which treatment is best for you. (nyp.org)
  • This treatment is an option for people whose hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cannot be treated well with medication but who cannot have surgery. (nyp.org)
  • Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy should be tailored to the individual cat. (petmd.com)
Coronary2
  • This describes a rare case of coronary artery to pulmonary artery fistula in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that presented late in life. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Coronary telangiectasia associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (biomedsearch.com)
Mutation2
  • A hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that has_material_basis_in homozygous or heterozygous mutation in the MYL3 gene. (jax.org)
  • It is believed that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occurs because a mutation in sarcomeric genes that mutate the protein component that is present in the sarcomere. (ihealthdirectory.com)
Morphologic abnormalities1
  • The past three decades have seen major progress in our understanding of the clinical, hemodynamic, and morphologic abnormalities in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [1]. (springer.com)
Occurs2
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occurs if heart muscle cells enlarge and cause the walls of the ventricles-usually the left ventricle-to thicken. (prweb.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (an enlarged heart) occurs when cells enlarge in the heart and the walls of the heart ventricles thicken, suggests the American Heart Association (AHA). (medindia.net)
Clinical2
  • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy provides readers with key points and critical clinical pearls to assist them in managing patients. (springer.com)
  • The clinical course of HCM has been classified into four clinical stages: non-hypertrophic, classic, adverse remodeling and overt dysfunction phenotype. (intechopen.com)
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