Cardiac pacing artificial. Medical search

Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, CARDIAC).

The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat).

The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.

Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.

Surgery performed on the heart.

Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)

Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.

Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse.

Regulation of the rate of contraction of the heart muscles by an artificial pacemaker.

Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

Procedures in which placement of CARDIAC CATHETERS is performed for therapeutic or diagnostic procedures.

Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.

Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.

The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.

Precursor cells destined to differentiate into cardiac myocytes (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC).

A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).

Myosin type II isoforms found in cardiac muscle.

Visualization of the heart structure and cardiac blood flow for diagnostic evaluation or to guide cardiac procedures via techniques including ENDOSCOPY (cardiac endoscopy, sometimes refered to as cardioscopy), RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; TOMOGRAPHY; or ULTRASONOGRAPHY.

Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY.

Cyclopentanophenanthrenes with a 5- or 6-membered lactone ring attached at the 17-position and SUGARS attached at the 3-position. Plants they come from have long been used in congestive heart failure. They increase the force of cardiac contraction without significantly affecting other parameters, but are very toxic at larger doses. Their mechanism of action usually involves inhibition of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE and they are often used in cell biological studies for that purpose.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic.

A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.

Occurrence of heart arrest in an individual when there is no immediate access to medical personnel or equipment.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).

The volume of the HEART, usually relating to the volume of BLOOD contained within it at various periods of the cardiac cycle. The amount of blood ejected from a ventricle at each beat is STROKE VOLUME.

The geometric and structural changes that the HEART VENTRICLES undergo, usually following MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. It comprises expansion of the infarct and dilatation of the healthy ventricle segments. While most prevalent in the left ventricle, it can also occur in the right ventricle.

The transference of a heart from one human or animal to another.

One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It inhibits F-actin-myosin interactions.

The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the left HEART VENTRICLE. Its measurement is an important aspect of the clinical evaluation of patients with heart disease to determine the effects of the disease on cardiac performance.

Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.

The amount of BLOOD pumped out of the HEART per beat, not to be confused with cardiac output (volume/time). It is calculated as the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

The restoration of the sequential order of contraction and relaxation of the HEART ATRIA and HEART VENTRICLES by atrio-biventricular pacing.

Examinations used to diagnose and treat heart conditions.

One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It is a cardiac-specific protein that binds to TROPOMYOSIN. It is released from damaged or injured heart muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Defects in the gene encoding troponin T result in FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY.

An impulse-conducting system composed of modified cardiac muscle, having the power of spontaneous rhythmicity and conduction more highly developed than the rest of the heart.

The artificial substitution of heart and lung action as indicated for HEART ARREST resulting from electric shock, DROWNING, respiratory arrest, or other causes. The two major components of cardiopulmonary resuscitation are artificial ventilation (RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL) and closed-chest CARDIAC MASSAGE.

Tumors in any part of the heart. They include primary cardiac tumors and metastatic tumors to the heart. Their interference with normal cardiac functions can cause a wide variety of symptoms including HEART FAILURE; CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS; or EMBOLISM.

Institutions specializing in the care of patients with heart disorders.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.

A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.

Agents that have a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. They may be CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES; SYMPATHOMIMETICS; or other drugs. They are used after MYOCARDIAL INFARCT; CARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; in SHOCK; or in congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).

A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

The study of the electrical activity and characteristics of the HEART; MYOCARDIUM; and CARDIOMYOCYTES.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment.

Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The heart of the fetus of any viviparous animal. It refers to the heart in the postembryonic period and is differentiated from the embryonic heart (HEART/embryology) only on the basis of time.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The chambers of the heart, to which the BLOOD returns from the circulation.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the HEART VENTRICLES.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

General or unspecified injuries to the heart.

Diversion of the flow of blood from the entrance of the right atrium directly to the aorta (or femoral artery) via an oxygenator thus bypassing both the heart and lungs.

One of the minor protein components of skeletal muscle. Its function is to serve as the calcium-binding component in the troponin-tropomyosin B-actin-myosin complex by conferring calcium sensitivity to the cross-linked actin and myosin filaments.

Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.

The repeating contractile units of the MYOFIBRIL, delimited by Z bands along its length.

A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.

The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

The mitochondria of the myocardium.

Flaps of tissue that prevent regurgitation of BLOOD from the HEART VENTRICLES to the HEART ATRIA or from the PULMONARY ARTERIES or AORTA to the ventricles.

A conical fibro-serous sac surrounding the HEART and the roots of the great vessels (AORTA; VENAE CAVAE; PULMONARY ARTERY). Pericardium consists of two sacs: the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium. The latter consists of an outer parietal layer facing the fibrous pericardium, and an inner visceral layer (epicardium) resting next to the heart, and a pericardial cavity between these two layers.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

A device designed to stimulate, by electric impulses, contraction of the heart muscles. It may be temporary (external) or permanent (internal or internal-external).

Abnormal fluid retention by the body due to impaired cardiac function or heart failure. It is usually characterized by increase in venous and capillary pressure, and swollen legs when standing. It is different from the generalized edema caused by renal dysfunction (NEPHROTIC SYNDROME).

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

A type of imaging technique used primarily in the field of cardiology. By coordinating the fast gradient-echo MRI sequence with retrospective ECG-gating, numerous short time frames evenly spaced in the cardiac cycle are produced. These images are laced together in a cinematic display so that wall motion of the ventricles, valve motion, and blood flow patterns in the heart and great vessels can be visualized.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

The circulation of blood through the CORONARY VESSELS of the HEART.

A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.

Damage to the MYOCARDIUM resulting from MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION (restoration of blood flow to ischemic areas of the HEART.) Reperfusion takes place when there is spontaneous thrombolysis, THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY, collateral flow from other coronary vascular beds, or reversal of vasospasm.

A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

The pressure within a CARDIAC VENTRICLE. Ventricular pressure waveforms can be measured in the beating heart by catheterization or estimated using imaging techniques (e.g., DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY). The information is useful in evaluating the function of the MYOCARDIUM; CARDIAC VALVES; and PERICARDIUM, particularly with simultaneous measurement of other (e.g., aortic or atrial) pressures.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

Surgical therapy of ischemic coronary artery disease achieved by grafting a section of saphenous vein, internal mammary artery, or other substitute between the aorta and the obstructed coronary artery distal to the obstructive lesion.

The excitable plasma membrane of a muscle cell. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

The larger subunits of MYOSINS. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kDa and each heavy chain is usually associated with a dissimilar pair of MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. The heavy chains possess actin-binding and ATPase activity.

The veins and arteries of the HEART.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Measurement of blood flow based on induction at one point of the circulation of a known change in the intravascular heat content of flowing blood and detection of the resultant change in temperature at a point downstream.

Post-systolic relaxation of the HEART, especially the HEART VENTRICLES.

Measurement of intracardiac blood flow using an M-mode and/or two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiogram while simultaneously recording the spectrum of the audible Doppler signal (e.g., velocity, direction, amplitude, intensity, timing) reflected from the moving column of red blood cells.

A GATA transcription factor that is expressed in the MYOCARDIUM of developing heart and has been implicated in the differentiation of CARDIAC MYOCYTES. GATA4 is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION and regulates transcription of cardiac-specific genes.

A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.

A surgical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the heart, lungs, and esophagus. Two major types of thoracic surgery are classified as pulmonary and cardiovascular.

Period of contraction of the HEART, especially of the HEART VENTRICLES.

Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.

A voltage-gated sodium channel subtype that mediates the sodium ion PERMEABILITY of CARDIOMYOCYTES. Defects in the SCN5A gene, which codes for the alpha subunit of this sodium channel, are associated with a variety of CARDIAC DISEASES that result from loss of sodium channel function.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of beta-adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic beta-antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches, and anxiety.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Controlled physical activity which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used.

The ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; and SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM taken together. Generally speaking, the autonomic nervous system regulates the internal environment during both peaceful activity and physical or emotional stress. Autonomic activity is controlled and integrated by the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the HYPOTHALAMUS and the SOLITARY NUCLEUS, which receive information relayed from VISCERAL AFFERENTS.

Methods to induce and measure electrical activities at specific sites in the heart to diagnose and treat problems with the heart's electrical system.

An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.

A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.

A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.

Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.

The force that opposes the flow of BLOOD through a vascular bed. It is equal to the difference in BLOOD PRESSURE across the vascular bed divided by the CARDIAC OUTPUT.

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

Mature contractile cells, commonly known as myocytes, that form one of three kinds of muscle. The three types of muscle cells are skeletal (MUSCLE FIBERS, SKELETAL), cardiac (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC), and smooth (MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE). They are derived from embryonic (precursor) muscle cells called MYOBLASTS.

Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.

The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES .

Calcium-transporting ATPases that catalyze the active transport of CALCIUM into the SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM vesicles from the CYTOPLASM. They are primarily found in MUSCLE CELLS and play a role in the relaxation of MUSCLES.

The restoration to life or consciousness of one apparently dead. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The innermost layer of the heart, comprised of endothelial cells.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors.

One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex of skeletal muscle. It is a calcium-binding protein.

The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).

Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers. Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.

Isoforms of MYOSIN TYPE II, specifically found in the ventricular muscle of the HEART. Defects in the genes encoding ventricular myosins result in FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY.

One of two major pharmacologically defined classes of adrenergic receptors. The beta adrenergic receptors play an important role in regulating CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxation, and GLYCOGENOLYSIS.

Implantable devices which continuously monitor the electrical activity of the heart and automatically detect and terminate ventricular tachycardia (TACHYCARDIA, VENTRICULAR) and VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. They consist of an impulse generator, batteries, and electrodes.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

Irreversible cessation of all bodily functions, manifested by absence of spontaneous breathing and total loss of cardiovascular and cerebral functions.

Types of artificial pacemakers with implantable leads to be placed at multiple intracardial sites. They are used to treat various cardiac conduction disturbances which interfere with the timing of contraction of the ventricles. They may or may not include defibrillating electrodes (IMPLANTABLE DEFIBRILLATORS) as well.

A tetrameric calcium release channel in the SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM membrane of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, acting oppositely to SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES. It is important in skeletal and cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and studied by using RYANODINE. Abnormalities are implicated in CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS and MUSCULAR DISEASES.

The use of sophisticated methods and equipment to treat cardiopulmonary arrest. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) includes the use of specialized equipment to maintain the airway, early defibrillation and pharmacological therapy.

A benign neoplasm derived from connective tissue, consisting chiefly of polyhedral and stellate cells that are loosely embedded in a soft mucoid matrix, thereby resembling primitive mesenchymal tissue. It occurs frequently intramuscularly where it may be mistaken for a sarcoma. It appears also in the jaws and the skin. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Conical muscular projections from the walls of the cardiac ventricles, attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the chordae tendineae.

Radiography of the vascular system of the heart muscle after injection of a contrast medium.

An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Long-lasting voltage-gated CALCIUM CHANNELS found in both excitable and nonexcitable tissue. They are responsible for normal myocardial and vascular smooth muscle contractility. Five subunits (alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, gamma, and delta) make up the L-type channel. The alpha-1 subunit is the binding site for calcium-based antagonists. Dihydropyridine-based calcium antagonists are used as markers for these binding sites.

An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).

Modified cardiac muscle fibers composing the terminal portion of the heart conduction system.

A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.

Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).

Ion channels that specifically allow the passage of SODIUM ions. A variety of specific sodium channel subtypes are involved in serving specialized functions such as neuronal signaling, CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, and KIDNEY function.

The HEART and the BLOOD VESSELS by which BLOOD is pumped and circulated through the body.

An electrical current applied to the HEART to terminate a disturbance of its rhythm, ARRHYTHMIAS, CARDIAC. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.

Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse that can occur anywhere along the conduction pathway, such as between the SINOATRIAL NODE and the right atrium (SA block) or between atria and ventricles (AV block). Heart blocks can be classified by the duration, frequency, or completeness of conduction block. Reversibility depends on the degree of structural or functional defects.

Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.

An electrogenic ion exchange protein that maintains a steady level of calcium by removing an amount of calcium equal to that which enters the cells. It is widely distributed in most excitable membranes, including the brain and heart.

Cardiac electrical stimulators that apply brief high-voltage electroshocks to the HEART. These stimulators are used to restore normal rhythm and contractile function in hearts of patients who are experiencing VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION or ventricular tachycardia (TACHYCARDIA, VENTRICULAR) that is not accompanied by a palpable PULSE. Some defibrillators may also be used to correct certain noncritical dysrhythmias (called synchronized defibrillation or CARDIOVERSION), using relatively low-level discharges synchronized to the patient's ECG waveform. (UMDNS, 2003)

Abnormally low BODY TEMPERATURE that is intentionally induced in warm-blooded animals by artificial means. In humans, mild or moderate hypothermia has been used to reduce tissue damages, particularly after cardiac or spinal cord injuries and during subsequent surgeries.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

The study of the heart, its physiology, and its functions.

Services specifically designed, staffed, and equipped for the emergency care of patients.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.

Non-human animals, selected because of specific characteristics, for use in experimental research, teaching, or testing.

Rhythmic compression of the heart by pressure applied manually over the sternum (closed heart massage) or directly to the heart through an opening in the chest wall (open heart massage). It is done to reinstate and maintain circulation. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Timing the acquisition of imaging data to specific points in the cardiac cycle to minimize image blurring and other motion artifacts.

Method in which prolonged electrocardiographic recordings are made on a portable tape recorder (Holter-type system) or solid-state device ("real-time" system), while the patient undergoes normal daily activities. It is useful in the diagnosis and management of intermittent cardiac arrhythmias and transient myocardial ischemia.

Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. They can act as transport proteins, regulator proteins, or activator proteins. They typically contain EF HAND MOTIFS.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A benign tumor derived from striated muscle. It is extremely rare, generally occurring in the tongue, neck muscles, larynx, uvula, nasal cavity, axilla, vulva, and heart. These tumors are treated by simple excision. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1354)

Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.

A type of impedance plethysmography in which bioelectrical impedance is measured between electrodes positioned around the neck and around the lower thorax. It is used principally to calculate stroke volume and cardiac volume, but it is also related to myocardial contractility, thoracic fluid content, and circulation to the extremities.

The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.

Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The movement of the BLOOD as it is pumped through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.

The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine.

A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.

The period following a surgical operation.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.

Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.

A state of elevated cardiac output due to conditions of either increased hemodynamic demand or reduced cardiac oxygen output. These conditions may include ANEMIA; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; THYROTOXICOSIS; PREGNANCY; EXERCISE; FEVER; and ANOXIA. In time, compensatory changes of the heart can lead to pathological form of high cardiac output and eventual HEART FAILURE.

Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.

Cell membrane glycoproteins that are selectively permeable to potassium ions. At least eight major groups of K channels exist and they are made up of dozens of different subunits.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A procedure to stop the contraction of MYOCARDIUM during HEART SURGERY. It is usually achieved with the use of chemicals (CARDIOPLEGIC SOLUTIONS) or cold temperature (such as chilled perfusate).

An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Differential effects of a segment of slow conduction on reentrant ventricular tachycardia in the rabbit heart. (1/3178)

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare differential effects of a segment of slow conduction during ventricular tachycardia (VT) due to depression of the action potential and electrical uncoupling. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 33 Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts, a ring of anisotropic left ventricular subepicardium was created by a cryoprocedure. Reentrant VT was produced by incremental pacing. Slow conduction in a segment of the ring was created by selective perfusion of the LAD with 10 mmol/L potassium or 0.75 mmol/L heptanol. As a result, VT cycle length increased from 193+/-34 to 235+/-37 ms (potassium) and 227+/-42 ms (heptanol). Reset curves were made by applying premature stimuli proximal to the area of depressed conduction. In a ring of uniform anisotropic tissue, the reset curve was almost completely flat. Electrical uncoupling of part of the ring (nonuniform anisotropy) resulted in a mixed reset curve. In both substrates, early premature beats failed to terminate VT. Depression of part of the ring by increasing K+ resulted in a completely sloped reset curve, indicating a gap of partial excitability. Under these conditions, in 19 of 24 hearts, premature beats terminated VT by conduction block in the high K+ area. CONCLUSIONS: The nature of the area of slow conduction determines the type of reset response and the ability to terminate VT. (+info)

Junctional ectopic tachycardia evolving into complete heart block. (2/3178)

Transition from congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia to complete AV block was observed in an 8 month old girl, over a 36 hour period, during initial hospital admission. Two years later she had evidence of a rapidly increasing left ventricular end diastolic diameter, associated with lowest heart rates during sleep of < 30 beats/min. A transvenous permanent pacemaker was therefore implanted. This finding supports the idea that a pathological process in the area of the AV junction, initially presenting as junctional ectopic tachycardia may later extend to sudden complete atrioventricular block. (+info)

Regulation of sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure: a role for nitric oxide and angiotensin II. (3/3178)

The mechanisms by which sympathetic function is augmented in chronic heart failure (CHF) are not well understood. A previous study from this laboratory (Circ Res. 1998;82:496-502) indicated that blockade of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis resulted in only an increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) when plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) levels were elevated. The present study was undertaken to determine if NO reduces RSNA in rabbits with CHF when Ang II receptors are blocked. Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits were instrumented with cardiac dimension crystals, a left ventricular pacing lead, and a pacemaker. After pacing at 360 to 380 bpm for approximately 3 weeks, a renal sympathetic nerve electrode and arterial and venous catheters were implanted. Studies were carried out in the conscious state 3 to 7 days after electrode implantation. The effects of a 1-hour infusion of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 3 microgram . kg-1. min-1) on RSNA and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were determined before and after Ang II blockade with losartan (5 mg/kg) in normal and CHF rabbits. Changes in MAP were readjusted to normal with phenylephrine. Before losartan, SNP evoked a decrease in MAP and an increase in RSNA in both groups that was baroreflex-mediated, because both MAP and RSNA returned to control when phenylephrine was administered. In the normal group, losartan plus SNP caused a reduction in MAP and an increase in RSNA that was 152.6+/-9.8% of control. Phenylephrine returned both MAP and RSNA back to the control levels. However, in the CHF group, losartan plus SNP evoked a smaller change in RSNA for equivalent changes in MAP (117.1+/-4.1% of control). On returning MAP to the control level with phenylephrine, RSNA was reduced to 65.2+/-2.9% of control (P<0. 0001). These data suggest that endogenous Ang II contributes to the sympathoexcitation in the CHF state and that blockade of Ang II receptors plus providing an exogenous source of NO reduces RSNA below the elevated baseline levels. We conclude that both a loss of NO and an increase in Ang II are necessary for sustained increases in sympathetic nerve activity in the CHF state. (+info)

Regional differences in the recovery course of tachycardia-induced changes of atrial electrophysiological properties. (4/3178)

BACKGROUND: Regional differences in recovery of tachycardia-induced changes of atrial electrophysiological properties have not been well studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the control group (5 dogs), atrial effective refractory period (AERP) and inducibility of atrial fibrillation (AF) were assessed before and every 4 hours for 48 hours after complete atrioventricular junction (AVJ) ablation with 8-week VVI pacing. In experimental group 1 (15 dogs), AERP and inducibility of AF were assessed before and after complete AVJ ablation with 8-week rapid right atrial (RA) pacing (780 bpm) and VVI pacing. In experimental group 2 (7 dogs), AERP and inducibility of AF were assessed before and after 8-week rapid left atrial (LA) pacing and VVI pacing. AERP and inducibility and duration of AF were obtained from 7 epicardial sites. In the control group, atrial electrophysiological properties obtained immediately and during 48-hour measurements after pacing did not show any change. In the 2 experimental groups, recovery of atrial electrophysiological properties included a progressive recovery of AERP shortening, recovery of AERP maladaptation, and decrease of duration and episodes of reinduced AF. However, recovery of shortening and maladaptation of AERP and inducibility of AF was slower at the LA than at the RA and Bachmann's bundle. CONCLUSIONS: The LA had a slower recovery of tachycardia-induced changes of atrial electrophysiological properties, and this might play a critical role in initiation of AF. (+info)

Mapping propagation of mechanical activation in the paced heart with MRI tagging. (5/3178)

The temporal evolution of three-dimensional (3-D) strain maps derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tagging were used to noninvasively evaluate mechanical activation in the left ventricle (LV) while seven canine hearts were paced in situ from three different sites: the base of the LV free wall (LVb), the right ventricular apex (RVa), and the right atrium (RA). Strain maps plotted against time showed the evolution of shortening over the entire LV midwall and were used to generate mechanical activation maps showing the onset of circumferential shortening. RA pacing showed rapid synchronous shortening; LVb pacing showed a wave front of mechanical activation propagating slowly and steadily from the pacing site, whereas RVa pacing showed regions of rapid and slower propagation. The mechanical (M) activation times correlated linearly with the electrical (E) activation (M = 1.06E + 8.4 ms, R = 0.95). The time for 90% activation of the LV was 63.1 +/- 24.3 ms for RA pacing, 130.2 +/- 9.8 ms for LVb pacing, and 121.3 +/- 17.9 ms for RVa pacing. The velocity of mechanical activation was calculated for LVb and RVa pacing and was similar to values reported for electrical conduction in myocardium. The propagation of mechanical activation for RVa pacing showed regional variations, whereas LVb pacing did not. (+info)

Mechanism linking T-wave alternans to the genesis of cardiac fibrillation. (6/3178)

BACKGROUND: Although T-wave alternans has been closely associated with vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias, the cellular processes underlying T-wave alternans and their role, if any, in the mechanism of reentry remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: -T-wave alternans on the surface ECG was elicited in 8 Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts during fixed-rate pacing while action potentials were recorded simultaneously from 128 epicardial sites with voltage-sensitive dyes. Alternans of the repolarization phase of the action potential was observed above a critical threshold heart rate (HR) (209+/-46 bpm) that was significantly lower (by 57+/-36 bpm) than the HR threshold for alternation of action potential depolarization. The magnitude (range, 2.7 to 47.0 mV) and HR threshold (range, 171 to 272 bpm) of repolarization alternans varied substantially between cells across the epicardial surface. T-wave alternans on the surface ECG was explained primarily by beat-to-beat alternation in the time course of cellular repolarization. Above a critical HR, membrane repolarization alternated with the opposite phase between neighboring cells (ie, discordant alternans), creating large spatial gradients of repolarization. In the presence of discordant alternans, a small acceleration of pacing cycle length produced a characteristic sequence of events: (1) unidirectional block of an impulse propagating against steep gradients of repolarization, (2) reentrant propagation, and (3) the initiation of ventricular fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS: Repolarization alternans at the level of the single cell accounts for T-wave alternans on the surface ECG. Discordant alternans produces spatial gradients of repolarization of sufficient magnitude to cause unidirectional block and reentrant ventricular fibrillation. These data establish a mechanism linking T-wave alternans of the ECG to the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death. (+info)

Atrioventricular nodal ablation and implantation of mode switching dual chamber pacemakers: effective treatment for drug refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. (7/3178)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of atrioventricular node ablation and implantation of a dual chamber, mode switching pacemaker on quality of life, exercise capacity, and left ventricular systolic function in patients with drug refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. PATIENTS: 18 consecutive patients with drug refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. METHODS: Quality of life was assessed before and after the procedure using the psychological general wellbeing index (PGWB), the McMaster health index (MHI), and a visual analogue scale for cardiac symptoms. Nine of the patients also underwent symptom limited exercise tests and echocardiography to assess left ventricular systolic function. RESULTS: The procedure allowed a reduction in antiarrhythmic drug treatment (p < 0.01). PGWB and symptom scores improved (p < 0.01) but the MHI score did not change. Left ventricular systolic function and exercise capacity were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Atrioventricular node ablation and implantation of a DDDR/MS pacemaker is effective treatment for refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, producing improved quality of life while allowing a reduction in drug burden. The popularity of the treatment is justified, but further studies are needed to determine optimum timing of intervention. (+info)

Predictors of atrial rhythm after atrioventricular node ablation for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias. (8/3178)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the natural history of the atrial rhythm of patients with paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias undergoing atrioventricular node ablation and permanent pacemaker implantation. DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients identified from the pacemaker database and electrophysiology records of a tertiary referral hospital. PATIENTS: 62 consecutive patients with paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias undergoing atrioventricular node ablation and permanent pacemaker implantation between 1988 and July 1996. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Atrial rhythm on final follow up ECG, classified as either ordered (sinus rhythm or atrial pacing) or disordered (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia). (2) Chronic atrial fibrillation, defined as a disordered rhythm on two consecutive ECGs (or throughout a 24 hour Holter recording) with no ordered rhythm subsequently documented. RESULTS: Survival analysis showed that 75% of patients progressed to chronic atrial fibrillation by 2584 days (86 months). On multiple logistic regression analysis a history of electrical cardioversion, increasing patient age, and VVI pacing were associated with the development of chronic atrial fibrillation. A history of electrical cardioversion and increasing patient age were associated with a disordered atrial rhythm on the final follow up ECG. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias are at high risk of developing chronic atrial fibrillation. A history of direct current cardioversion. (+info)

Cardiac pacemaker therapy would not become reality in clinical medicine until the 1950s (transthoracic and temporary pacing) ... cardiac arrest) by causing "artificial excitation" with a series of induction shocks (rather than using constant strong ... and the 1960s (permanent pacing). During the 1960s the care of patients who suffered cardiac arrest or were thought to be at ... such as in the artificial cardiac pacemaker. MacWilliam was appointed Regius Professor of the Institutes of Medicine (later ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Alexander_MacWilliam

Temporary cardiac pacing catheters for atrial, ventricular, or dual-chamber pacing Intra-aortic balloon pumping to stabilize ... At this time, Carl-Gunnar Engström had developed one of the first artificial positive-pressure volume-controlled ventilators, ... ICU delirium, formerly and inaccurately referred to as ICU psychosis, is a syndrome common in intensive care and cardiac units ... with advanced heart failure Feeding tube for artificial nutrition Nasogastric intubation can be used to deliver artificial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_care_medicine

One lead paces the atrium and one paces the ventricle. This type more closely resembles the natural pacing of the heart by ... Reynolds, Jorge (March 1988). "The Early History of Cardiac Pacing in Colombia". Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 11 (3 ... Transvenous pacing, when used for temporary pacing, is an alternative to transcutaneous pacing. A pacemaker wire is placed into ... This is known as fast-pacing, overdrive pacing, or anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP). ATP is only effective if the underlying ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_cardiac_pacemaker

... generally in the sense of artificial methods: Artificial pacemaker, a medical device Transcutaneous pacing, a means of making ... used to manage symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome Cardiac pacing, regulation of the heart rate, ... Pacing may refer to: Pacing, an athletic technique of spreading one's effort out over longer-distance track and field and ... a means of estimating distances by counting the number of paces taken to walk a traverse Pacing, a technique in hypnosis and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacing

The use of pacemakers (both right ventricular pacing and biventricular pacing) or implantable cardioverter defibrillators ... He was given an experiment continuous-flow artificial heart transplant which saved his life. Lewis died 5 weeks later of liver ... Cardiac amyloidosis is a subcategory of amyloidosis where there is depositing of the protein amyloid in the cardiac muscle and ... As expected, with cardiac damage and dysfunction, there can be an elevation of these markers in patients with cardiac ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_amyloidosis

Sometimes an ectopic pacemaker sets the pace, if the SA node is damaged or if the electrical conduction system of the heart has ... In humans, and occasionally in animals, a mechanical device called an artificial pacemaker (or simply "pacemaker") may be used ... The contraction of cardiac muscle (heart muscle) in all animals is initiated by electrical impulses known as action potentials ... Cardiac action potential Electrical conduction system of the heart Kashou AH, Basit H, Chhabra L (January 2020). "Physiology, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_pacemaker

Clinical cardiac pacing and defibrillation (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: WB Saunders. pp. 194-216. "Microelectrodes". Saddow SE ( ... artificial vision, artificial limbs, and brain-machine interfaces. In the case of neural stimulation, mostly an electrical ... "Curriculum Vitae". Pezaris JS, Reid RC (May 2007). "Demonstration of artificial visual percepts generated through thalamic ... and cardiac electro-stimulation devices are widely used. In 2013 the British pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurostimulation

Consequently, the birds are so heavy that they are completely incapable of reproducing without artificial insemination, and ... cardiac, respiratory and leg problems. For over 35 years, the overwhelming majority of the 280 million turkeys produced in ... they reach such extreme weights so quickly their overall development fails to keep pace with their rapidly accruing muscle mass ... can reproduce without artificial insemination. More than ten different turkey breeds are classified as heritage turkeys, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritage_turkey

Transvenous pacing (temporary)Edit. Main article: Transvenous pacing. Transvenous pacing, when used for temporary pacing, is an ... Transcutaneous pacingEdit. Main article: Transcutaneous pacing. Transcutaneous pacing (TCP), also called external pacing, is ... This is known as fast-pacing, overdrive pacing, or anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP). ATP is only effective if the underlying ... One lead paces the atrium and one paces the ventricle. This type more closely resembles the natural pacing of the heart by ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_cardiac_pacemaker

p.216-220 Cardiac Pacing by Thalen H.J.Th., ed. Van Gorcum. Holland 1973 ; ISBN 90-232-1134-0 Cywinski J., Hahn A., Nichols M ... In 1967, Cywinski began work on the NIH-sponsored Artificial Heart Project. After only two years and with a team of two ... In To Pace or Not to Pace book publ. by Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Boston, London 1978 ISBN 90-247-2070-2 Moyen J-L, Lans D A ... In 1978, for his pioneering work in the field of cardiac pacing and bio-galvanic batteries, Cywinski was nominated as Fellow of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Cywinski

Heart Cardiac cycle Heart failure Artificial cardiac pacemaker Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator NYHA classification ... Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT; also known as biventricular pacing) has proven to be an effective treatment in heart ... Development of cardiac contractility modulation began in the late 1990s. Studies on individual cardiac muscle cells using a ... In Cardiac Contractility Modulation therapy, electrical stimulation is applied to the cardiac muscle during the absolute ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_contractility_modulation

... or less and a QRS interval of 120 ms or more may benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT; pacing both the left and ... implantation of an artificial heart. These remain the recommended surgical treatment options. However, the limited number of ... Pacing, and Defibrillation in Heart Failure (COMPANION) Investigators. (2004). "Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or ... Cardiac Resynchronization-Heart Failure (CARE-HF) Study Investigators. (2005). "The effect of cardiac resynchronization on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_heart_failure

Cardiac circulatory collapse affects the vessels of the heart such as the aorta and is almost always fatal. It is sometimes ... Eventually, a heart transplant or artificial heart may be needed, and these can be replaced when they are no longer performing ... pacing, cardioversion, or defibrillation using an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, or else implantation of an intra- ... A circulatory collapse is defined as a general or specific failure of the circulation, either cardiac or peripheral in nature. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulatory_collapse

An artificial cardiac pacemaker is a medical device that regulates the beating of the heart. Pacemaker may also refer to: ... or other conditions Cardiac pacemaker, cells within the heart that initiate contractions and set the pace of beating ... a runner who enters a race to set a fast pace for other competitors Pacemaker (film), a 2012 South Korean film The Pacemaker, a ... Diaphragmatic pacemaker, a device used to help patients breathe through pacing of the diaphragm Pacemaker (running), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacemaker_(disambiguation)

"Trends in Cardiac Pacemaker Batteries". Indian Pacing Electrophysiol. 4 (4): 201-212. PMID 16943934. PMC 1502062. Diakses ... "Artifical radioactivity produced by neutron bombardment: Noble Lecture" (PDF). Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. ...

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium

Sealy, W. C. (1989). "Hypothermia: Its possible role in cardiac surgery". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 47 (5): 788-91. doi: ... was a Canadian heart surgeon known for his role in developing the artificial pacemaker and the use of hypothermia in open heart ... From Cooling Hearts to Pacing Them Canadian Medical Hall of Fame. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfred_Gordon_Bigelow

... unstable patients require immediate medication and in most cases temporary pacing to increase heart rate and cardiac output. ... Third-degree AV block can be treated more permanently with the use of a dual-chamber artificial pacemaker. This type of device ... If these fail to respond to atropine or there is a potential risk of asystole, transvenous pacing is indicated. The risk ... Mobitz Type 2 AV block is another indication for pacing. As with other forms of heart block, secondary prevention may also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-degree_atrioventricular_block

Aortic valve repair Artificial heart valve Valvular heart disease Minimally invasive cardiac surgery Pericardial heart valves ... Pacing wires are usually put in place, so that the heart can be manually controlled should any complications arise after ... During cardiac diastole (when the heart chamber gets bigger) the aortic valve closes. Aortic stenosis most commonly is the ... "What is Cardiac Rehabilitation?". www.heart.org. Retrieved 2019-07-30. Sabiston 2010, p. 1204. Shahian, David M.; Wormuth, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_valve_replacement

... benefit from technological cross fertilization and to leverage its twenty years of experience in developing artificial cardiac ... since their development would have required massive investments in R&D to keep pace with technological evolution. Moreover, ... that was its main competitor in the cardiac surgery market. This acquisition propelled Sorin Biomedica to the top of the world ... specializing in cardiac devices. Its product lines include replacement heart valves, oxygenators, perfusion tubing sets, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorin_Group

In 1989, Mower became Vice President of Medical Science at Cardiac Pacemakers Inc. in St. Paul, Minnesota. While at Cardiac ... Method and Apparatus to Allow Cyclic Pacing at an Average Rate Just Above the Intrinsic Heart Rate so as to Maximize Inotropic ... American Society for Artificial Internal Organs. *Maryland Society of Cardiology. *American Society for Internal Medicine ... Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. (CPI), which has since become Guidant, acquired the rights to the AICD in May 1985. The first AICD was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morton_Mower

Venkateswara Sarma Mallela; V. Ilankumaran & N.Srinivasa Rao (2004). "Trends in Cardiac Pacemaker Batteries". Indian Pacing ... Plutonium-238 has also been used successfully to power artificial heart pacemakers, to reduce the risk of repeated surgery. It ... Fermi, Enrico (December 12, 1938). "Artificial radioactivity produced by neutron bombardment: Nobel Lecture" (PDF). Royal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium

PACE - Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 26 (2 I), pp. 626-629 Crevenna, R., Posch, M., Sochor, A., Keilani, M., Wiesinger ... Artificial Organs, 28 (1), pp. 99-102 Crevenna, R., Stix, G., Pleiner, J., Pezawas, T., Schmidinger, H., Quittan, M., Wolzt, M ... Electrical nerve stimulation in patients with cardiac pacemakers (2001) Physikalische Medizin Rehabilitationsmedizin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Crevenna

Pugh was invited by the University of California's Nello Pace in 1956-57 to the Scott Base in Antarctica to carry out research ... The prefabricated "Silver Hut" was carried up to an altitude of 19,000 feet (5,800 m) and experiments on the cardiac and ... where according to Hunt he displayed symptoms of anoxia when taken to the artificial height of 29,000 ft and had his oxygen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griffith_Pugh

CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Aquilina O, "A brief history of cardiac pacing Archived 2007-05-17 at the Wayback ... The first artificial pacemaker was invented by Australian anaesthesiologist Dr Mark C Lidwell, and was used by him to ... However it was Hyman who used and popularised the term "artificial pacemaker", which remains in use to this day. Lidwell did ... Furman S, Szarka G, Layvand D, "Reconstruction of Hyman's second pacemaker", Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 2005, May;28(5) pp ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Hyman

Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing Boris Yegorov - Soviet physician-astronaut who became the first physician to make a space ... a leader in transplantation medicine in Russia and a pioneer of artificial organ surgery; recipient of Russian state's highest ... Russian cardiac surgeon; academician of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences and Civic Chamber of ... Russian cardiac surgeon; academician of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (1997) and Russian Academy of Sciences (2011) Rafiq ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moscow_State_Medical_University

Evidence in cardiac arrest, however, is poor. It can be given by mouth, intravenously, or intraosseously. When used by mouth, ... So-called 'acute onset atrial fibrillation', defined by the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (NASPE) in ... and second or third degree heart block who do not have an artificial pacemaker. Individuals with baseline depressed lung ... Amiodarone does not appear to improve survival or positive outcomes in those who had a cardiac arrest. Amiodarone may be used ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiodarone

Ann Surg 1961; 154:338 Zoll RH, Zoll PM, Belgard AH: Noninvasive cardiac stimulation. In Feruglio GA, editor: Cardiac Pacing: ... was a Jewish American cardiologist and one of the pioneers in the development of the artificial cardiac pacemaker and cardiac ... Because of his methods, he has been called "The Father of Modern Cardiac Therapy". Still today there is an annual toll of ... After the war, Paul resumed his research work with coronary disease and continued to care for cardiac patients at Beth Israel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Zoll

Transvenous pacing (temporary)[edit]. Main article: Transvenous pacing. Transvenous pacing, when used for temporary pacing, is ... Transcutaneous pacing[edit]. Main article: Transcutaneous pacing. Transcutaneous pacing (TCP), also called external pacing, is ... Reynolds, Jorge (March 1988). "The Early History of Cardiac Pacing in Colombia". Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 11 (3 ... Percussive pacing[edit]. Percussive pacing, also known as transthoracic mechanical pacing, is the use of the closed fist, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacemaker

In very severe anemia, the body may compensate for the lack of oxygen-carrying capability of the blood by increasing cardiac ... Kaufner, Lutz; von Heymann, Christian; Henkelmann, Anne; Pace, Nathan L.; Weibel, Stephanie; Kranke, Peter; Meerpohl, Joerg J ... Artificial Organs. 26 (4): 366-370. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1594.2002.06888.x. PMID 11952508. "Anaemia management in people with ... An estimated 30% of adults who require non-cardiac surgery have anemia. In order to determine an appropriate pre-operative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemia

Pace, EJ; O'Reilly, M (1 May 2020). "Tickborne Diseases: Diagnosis and Management". American Family Physician. 101 (9): 530-540 ... frequent use of artificial tears while awake is recommended, along with ointment and a patch or taping the eye closed when ... Individuals with early disseminated or late Lyme infection may have symptomatic cardiac disease, Lyme arthritis, or neurologic ... "Detection of Borrelia bissettii in cardiac valve tissue of a patient with endocarditis and aortic valve stenosis in the Czech ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

Additional capabilities are expected to help drive this use of simulation to become common, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI ... Responds to chest compressions, defibrillation and pacing, needle decompression, chest tube insertion and intraosseous ... Advanced Cardiac Life Support simulators[50]. *Partial Human Patient Simulator (Low tech) ... Responds to clinical interventions: chest compression, pacing, defibrillation, needle decompression, and chest tube insertion ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_simulation

Evolution of CRI was extremely important in Informatics as there was an extraordinary increase in the scope and pace of ... Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. *CIN: Computers Informatics Nursing. Main article: List of medical and health informatics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_information_system

"Percussion pacing in a three-year-old girl with complete heart block during cardiac catheterization". Br J Anaesth. 95 (4): 465 ... "The treatment of complete heart block by the combined use of a myocardial electrode and an artificial pacemaker". Surg Forum. 8 ... North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology/British Pacing and Electrophysiology Group". Pacing Clin Electrophysiol ... Mond H, Sloman J, Edwards R (1982). "The first pacemaker". Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE. 5 (2): 278-82. doi: ...

https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/કૃત્રિમ_પેસમેકર

The tour books always mentioned the roomy, woodsy offerings in the vicinity and the faster-paced evening diversions.[8] ... Artificial waterfall, as cervical (spine) waterfall.[23]. *Feetbath[24]. *Hot spring *Onsen (Japanese Hot Springs) ... Cardiac physiologist. *Emergency medical services. *Hemodialysis technicians. *Massage therapist. *Medical assistants. *Medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spa

For example, anger might be constituted by a certain set of physiological responses, such as increased cardiac output and high ... Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology the North American Society of Pacing Electrophysiology. Heart Rate Variability ... Artificial Intelligence in Education. Auckland, New Zealand: Springer, LNAI Vol 6738.: 131-138.. ... and cardiac output. Many indices are part of modern psychophysiology, including brain waves (electroencephalography, EEG), fMRI ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychophysiology

Cardiac stress test Bruce protocol. Electrophysiology study. Cardiac imaging. Angiocardiography. Echocardiography TTE. TEE. ... 2015). "The total artificial heart". Journal of Thoracic Disease. 7 (12): 2172-2180. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.10.70.. ... Cardiac vessels. CHD. Angioplasty. Bypass/Coronary artery bypass MIDCAB. Off-pump CAB. TECAB. Coronary stent. Bare-metal stent ... Patients who are in need of a heart transplant but do not qualify may be candidates for an artificial heart[1] or a left ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_transplantation

Cardiac stress test Bruce protocol. Electrophysiology study. Cardiac imaging. Angiocardiography. Echocardiography TTE. TEE. ... The therapeutic range for most adults with a mechanical valve is an INR of 2.5-3.5.[1] Finally, artificial tissue valves will ... Mitral valve repair is a cardiac surgery procedure performed by cardiac surgeons to treat stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation ... But some cardiac surgeons argue that unless performed by the most experienced cardiac centers, minimally invasive surgery can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral_valve_repair

Researchers have found that sleeping 6-7 hours each night correlates with longevity and cardiac health in humans, though many ... J. Alan Hobson, Edward F. Pace-Scott, & Robert Stickgold (2000), "Dreaming and the brain: Toward a cognitive neuroscience of ... The advent of artificial light has substantially altered sleep timing in industrialized countries.[5] ... people without artificial light might go to sleep far sooner after the sun sets, but then wake up several times throughout the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeping

Pace, RM (18 December 2017). "Warning letter: Maine Natural Health, Inc". Inspections, Compliance, Enforcement, and Criminal ... "Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Cardiac Surgery Volume and Outcomes". Ann. Thorac. Surg. 104 (4): 1251-1258. doi:10.1016/j. ... either from the sun or an artificial source, as then they synthesize vitamin D in skin.[13] Humans require thirteen vitamins in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutritional_supplement

These two traces begin to develop at different times as well as at a different pace. Children as young as 4 years-old have ... Physically, the middle-aged experience a decline in muscular strength, reaction time, sensory keenness, and cardiac output. ... the limitation is that data obtained in an artificial environment may lack generalizability.[49] The correlational method ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_psychology

In 1938, Lindbergh and Carrel described an artificial heart in the book in which they summarized their work, The Culture of ... "Radio Keeps Pace with Lindbergh; Announcers Along Route Tell of His Progress, Noise Drowning Their Voices at Times. Every ... The Collaboration Between Surgeons and Engineers in the Rise of Cardiac Surgery". In: Pisano R. (eds) A Bridge between ... "The Total Artificial Heart: Where We stand". Cardiology, Vol. 101, No. 1-3, February 2004. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_A._Lindbergh

Cardiac stress test Bruce protocol. Electrophysiology study. Cardiac imaging. Angiocardiography. Echocardiography TTE. TEE. ... Artificial hip replacement has become more common. Heart pacemakers or valves may be inserted. Many other types of prostheses ... Cardiac vessels. CHD. Angioplasty. Bypass/Coronary artery bypass MIDCAB. Off-pump CAB. TECAB. Coronary stent. Bare-metal stent ... Examples include cardiac surgery (performed on the heart), gastrointestinal surgery (performed within the digestive tract and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resection_

Roth D, Pace NL, Lee A, Hovhannisyan K, Warenits AM, Arrich J, Herkner H (May 2018). "Airway physical examination tests for ... The first detailed descriptions of tracheal intubation and subsequent artificial respiration of animals were from Andreas ... If this situation is not immediately identified and corrected, death will ensue from cerebral and cardiac anoxia. ... and drugs used in treating cardiac arrest such as atropine, epinephrine, lidocaine and vasopressin.[2] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracheal_intubation

Cardiac surgery. Two cardiac surgeons performing a cardiac surgery known as coronary artery bypass surgery. Note the use of a ... The patient needs the function of the heart and lungs provided by an artificial method, hence the term cardiopulmonary bypass. ... Cardiac stress test Bruce protocol. Electrophysiology study. Cardiac imaging. Angiocardiography. Echocardiography TTE. TEE. ... Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery, Aortic Surgery, Thoracic Surgery, Pediatric Cardiac Surgery or Cardiac ICU. Contemporary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_surgeon

... as cardiac arrest in children is more likely to have a non-cardiac cause. In a 2010 prospective study of cardiac arrest in ... "Total Artificial Heart Recipient Heads Home for the Holidays with New Donor Heart & Kidney" (Press release). SynCardia Systems ... Cardiac stress test Bruce protocol. Electrophysiology study. Cardiac imaging. Angiocardiography. Echocardiography TTE. TEE. ... CPR is used on people in cardiac arrest in order to oxygenate the blood and maintain a cardiac output to keep vital organs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_resuscitation

... might be run at a pace 15-20 seconds per mile slower than the target pace for later. ... In 1980, in what was termed the Marathon of Hope, Terry Fox, who had lost a leg to cancer and so ran with one artificial leg, ... The paper went on to say that since the risk was so small, cardiac screening programs for marathons were not warranted. However ... Some advise novice runners to start out slower than their average goal pace to save energy for the second half of the race ( ...

https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/मैराथन

Cardiac stress test Bruce protocol. Electrophysiology study. Cardiac imaging. Angiocardiography. Echocardiography TTE. TEE. ... Now a length of artificial tubing, 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter, is sewn between either the subclavian or the carotid artery ... Cardiac vessels. CHD. Angioplasty. Bypass/Coronary artery bypass MIDCAB. Off-pump CAB. TECAB. Coronary stent. Bare-metal stent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blalock-Taussig_shunt

Hobson JA, Stickgold R, Pace-Schott EF (February 1998). "The neuropsychology of REM sleep dreaming". NeuroReport. 9 (3): R1-14 ... "To sleep or not to sleep: the ecology of sleep in artificial organisms". BMC Ecology. 8: 10. doi:10.1186/1472-6785-8-10. PMC ... cardiac, and movement events were also added.[65][66] ... J. Alan Hobson, Edward F. Pace-Scott, & Robert Stickgold (2000 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience_of_sleep

a b c d e f g h J. Alan Hobson, Edward F. Pace-Scott, & Robert Stickgold (2000), "Dreaming and the brain: Toward a cognitive ... Heart rate, cardiac pressure, cardiac output, arterial pressure, and breathing rate quickly become irregular when the body ... Artificial enhancement of the non-REM sleep improves the next-day recall of memorized pairs of words.[95] Tucker et al. ... a b c Edward F. Pace-Schott, "REM sleep and dreaming", in Mallick et al, eds. (2011). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradoxal_sleep

Cardiac stress test Bruce protocol. Electrophysiology study. Cardiac imaging. Angiocardiography. Echocardiography TTE. TEE. ... The pulmonary valve is surgically closed and an artificial conduit and valve are constructed from the right ventricle to the ... Cardiac vessels. CHD. Angioplasty. Bypass/Coronary artery bypass MIDCAB. Off-pump CAB. TECAB. Coronary stent. Bare-metal stent ... The Rastelli procedure is an open heart surgical procedure developed by Italian physician and cardiac surgery researcher, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastelli_procedure

... such as cardiac defibrillator and artificial cardiac pacemaker (Barouh Berkovits), closed-chest cardiac defibrillator (William ... Pace University HS. *Professional Performing Arts. *Julia Richman Education Complex. *A. Philip Randolph Campus HS ... including founding the American Chemical Society and holding research partnerships with the Inception Institute of Artificial ... The university has also since launched various internal research centers in the fields of artificial intelligence, history, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_University

"Cardioid Cardiac Modeling Project". Researcher.watson.ibm.com. Retrieved 13 October 2017.. ... MPI pacing and RAS. The 18th core is used as a redundant spare, used to increase manufacturing yield. The spared-out core is ... a team from the IBM Almaden Research Center and the University of Nevada ran an artificial neural network almost half as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Gene

"2013 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the task force on cardiac pacing and ... Cardiac arrhythmias. Main articles: Heart arrhythmia, Radiofrequency ablation, and Artificial cardiac pacemaker ... European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology: Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and ... European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology: Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart

... where it disturbs the heart's original pace leading to cardiac arrest and sudden death. ... Burns, JM; Yang, X; Forouzan, O; Sosa, JM; Shevkoplyas, SS (2012). "Artificial microvascular network: A new tool for measuring ... The cardiac arrest rate was high. In 1963, C. Paul Boyan and William S. Howland discovered that the temperature of the blood ... Boyan, CP; Howland, WS (1963). "Cardiac arrest and temperature of bank blood". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_transfusion

"Percussion pacing in a three-year-old girl with complete heart block during cardiac catheterization". Br J Anaesth 95 (4): 465- ... ஒரு இதயமுடுக்கி (pacemaker) அல்லது செயற்கை இதயமுடுக்கி(artificial pacemaker), இதயத்துடைய இயற்கையான முடுக்கியுடன் தவறாக ... North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology/British Pacing and Electrophysiology Group". Pacing Clin Electrophysiol ... 3.0 3.1 Mond H, Sloman J, Edwards R (1982). "The first pacemaker". Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 5 (2): 278-82. ...

https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/செயற்கை_இதயமுடுக்கி

Comparison of permanent cardiac pacing and cardiac pacing on demand in mixed carotid sinus syndrome. Acute- and medium-term ... Patients who needed pacing therapy because of atrial bradyarrhythmias were investigated by means of carotid sinus massage, ... The aim of the study was to evaluate the importance of atrial synchronism for pacing therapy of patients with mixed carotid ... The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of atrial synchronism for pacing therapy of patients with mixed carotid ...

http://isharonline.org/tags/cardiac-pacing-artificial

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial. cardiac resynchronization therapy. Hemodynamics. Randomized Controlled Trials. Open Study. ... pacing threshold performances of Left Ventricle pacing leads at 6 month Follow up [ Time Frame: 6-months after pacing procedure ... pacing threshold performances of left ventricle pacing leads [ Time Frame: within 7 days after pacing procedure ]. *impedances ... number of left ventricular pacing sites assessed [ Time Frame: Visit 3 : implantation day, end of pacing procedure ]. *Pacing ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01260402

Cardiac Pacing, artificial. Atrial Fibrillation. Heart failure. Pacemaker leads. Lead position. Higher degree AV-Block. ... Ventricular pacing or dual-chamber pacing for sinus-node dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jun 13;346(24):1854-62. ... AV-Block of higher degree is the primary indication for pacing therapy for about 20% of pacemaker patients. Pacing systems with ... Patients with an expected ventricular stimulation rate of ,60% in planned pacing therapy. This will be the following pacing ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00292383?recr=Open&intr=artificial+pacemaker&rank=2

Every effort should be made to reduce native atrioventricular conduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy systems in an ... attempt to achieve biventricular pacing as close to 100% as possible. ... Cardiac resynchronization therapy and the relationship of percent biventricular pacing to symptoms and survival Heart Rhythm. ... Cardiac Pacing, Artificial* * Cohort Studies * Female * Heart Failure / mortality * Heart Failure / therapy* ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21699828/?dopt=Abstract

Artificial cardiac pacing WG 168 WG 166.5.E5 Electric countershock WG 330. ... At WG 205, the caption was changed from Cardiac emergencies to Cardiac emergency treatment. ... Prosthesis implantation (General) to Artificial limbs.. *At WE 400, the caption was changed from Bursae to Synovial bursa. ... At WG 330, the caption was changed from Disorders of the heart beat to Cardiac arrhythmias (General). ...

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/techbull/mj15/mj15_nlm_classification_2015.html

... clinicaltrials.gov This study aims to investigate the impact of antitachycardia pacing ( ATP) on the myocardial tissue with ... Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices. Types of artificial pacemakers with implantable leads to be placed at multiple ... Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. The restoration of the sequential order of contraction and relaxation of the HEART ATRIA and ... More From BioPortfolio on "Myocardial Minimal Damage After Rapid Ventricular Pacing". *Related Companies*Related Events*Related ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/trial/134106/Myocardial-Minimal-Damage-After-Rapid-Ventricular-Pacing.html

Temporary cardiac pacing in the critical care setting can be a lifesaving intervention in a number of clinical situations. A ... Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / adverse effects, methods*, standards. Critical Care*. Electrocardiography. Equipment Design / ... Temporary cardiac pacing in the critical care setting can be a lifesaving intervention in a number of clinical situations. A ... 95227 - Air entrapment as a cause of transient cardiac pacemaker malfunction.. 12049377 - Postpacemaker implant pericarditis: ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Temporary-transvenous-cardiac-pacing/1393747.html

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial*. Female. Heart / physiopathology*. Heart Rate. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Predictive Value of Tests ... Title: Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE Volume: 23 ISSN: 0147-8389 ISO Abbreviation: Pacing Clin Electrophysiol ... The test was then repeated during A-V pacing with rate hysteresis. A positive response to A-V pacing was defined as a , or = 30 ... A-V sequential pacing was successful in 13 of 17 patients with a cardioinhibitory response versus 5 of 14 patients with a mixed ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Cardioinhibition-during-tilt-testing-identifies/11139925.html

Coronary spasm was involved in the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac arrest in survivors without identifiable underlying heart ... Cardiac Pacing, Artificial * Coronary Angiography / drug effects * Coronary Vasospasm / complications* * Coronary Vasospasm / ... Coronary artery spasm is a major cause of sudden cardiac arrest in survivors without underlying heart disease Coron Artery Dis ... Methods: Twenty-five survivors of sudden cardiac arrest were classified into two groups according to the presence or absence of ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8269209/?dopt=Abstract

MeSH terms: arrhythmia; bradycardia; cardiac output; cardiac pacing, artificial; electric stimulation; exertion; heart atrium; ... Cardiac Pacing for Prevention of Recurrent Vasovagal Syncope Annals of Internal Medicine; 122 (3): 204-209 ... Sensor-Triggered, Rate-Variable Cardiac Pacing: Current Technologies and Clinical Implications DAVID G. BENDITT, M.D.; SIMON ... Multiple-Sensor Systems for Physiologic Cardiac Pacing Annals of Internal Medicine; 121 (12): 960-968 ...

https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/702269/sensor-triggered-rate-variable-cardiac-pacing-current-technologies-clinical-implications

Emergency Cardiac Pacing. Chapter 16. Pericardiocentesis. Chapter 17. CPR and Artificial Perfusion during Cardiac Arrest ...

http://www.vanstockum.nl/boeken/gezondheid/geneeskunde-algemeen/gb/roberts-and-hedges%2527-clinical-procedures-in-emergency-medicine-and-acute-care-roberts-james-r-9780323354783/

Keywords : Cardiac pacing [artificial]; Heart block; Pediatrics; Cardiac surgical procedures; Postoperative complications. ... COSTA, Roberto et al. Permanent cardiac pacing in children with postoperative bradycardia: long-term follow-up. Rev Bras Cir ... OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of children submitted to permanent cardiac pacing due to postoperative ...

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0102-76382005000400007&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en

System and method for assessing and selecting stimulation vectors in an implantable cardiac resynhronization... , Methods and ... Artificial airway interfaces and methods thereof. Embodiments of the present invention provide a device, system and method for ... Cardiac pacing with anodal stimulation detection. Methods and device for determining a pacing vector for delivering an ... Multi-piece dual-chamber leadless intra-cardiac medical device and method of implanting same. A leadless intra-cardiac medical ...

http://www.patents.com/isd-20180130-p74.html

... this topic focuses on transcutaneous cardiac pacing. Newer techniques (eg, using transcutaneous ultrasound to stimulate the ... Temporary cardiac pacing can be implemented via the insertion or application of intracardiac, intraesophageal, or ... An artificial electrical pacing stimulus in the heart induces a propagating wave of cardiac action potentials. For a pacing ... Transcutaneous cardiac pacing (the fastest method of cardiac pacing) can be used until permanent pacing becomes available. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/98939-overview

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial[MeSH]; Pacemaker, Artificial[MeSH]; defibrillators, implantable[MeSH]; safe*[text word]; performance ... Active Implantable Cardiac Devices (AICD) including: *single and dual chamber pacemakers. *cardiac resynchronisation therapy ... text word]; heart.[text word]; cardiac.[text word]; ; vena cava.[text word]; aorta.[text word]; Patent ductus arteriosus.[ ... For implantable pulse generators - Search title: electrical impulse generators: Search terms: Pacemaker, Artificial[MeSH]; ...

https://www.tga.gov.au/book-page/appendix-3-source-material

Cardiac pacing; defibrillators, cardiovascular prostheses and assist devices, neural assist devices, sensory and communication ... Biomaterials deal with biological materials, prosthetics, implants and artificial organs.. Code Course Title Hours/Week Cr ECTS ... Artificial kidney.. BM 632 Sensory System (3+0+0) 3 ECTS (Duyu Sistemleri). Basic psychophysics, anatomy and physiology of ... An overview of cardiac diseases which are the focus of advanced imaging systems. Detailed comparative analysis of specific ...

http://www.boun.edu.tr/en_US/Content/Academic/Graduate_Catalogue/The_Institute_of_Biomedical_Engineering

To review the status of artificial sensors in cardiac pacemakers and the rationale for developing pacing systems that use ... Articles describing clinical experience with or clinical evaluation of cardiac pacing systems using multiple artificial sensors ... Artificial sensors were created to adjust pacing rate reliably in response to changes in levels of physical exertion for ... Multiple-Sensor Systems for Physiologic Cardiac Pacing David G. Benditt, MD; Marcus Mianulli, BS, BA; Keith Lurie, MD; Scott ...

http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/708272/multiple-sensor-systems-physiologic-cardiac-pacing

Emergency Cardiac Pacing. Chapter 16. Pericardiocentesis. Chapter 17. CPR and Artificial Perfusion during Cardiac Arrest ...

https://evolve.elsevier.com/cs/product/9780323354783?role=student

The second channel may receive an input from either a conventional cardiac sensing and pacing electrode, or else a second ... and the pacing apparatus is switched to a safe operating rate upon the detection of electromagnetic interference having an ... an override of the conventional demand pacer inhibit function occurs and the pacing apparatus is switched to a safe operating ... A cardiac pacing apparatus of the type having a first signal processing channel which functions in the demand mode is disclosed ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/US4091818A/en

Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with a QRS of 120 to 150 milliseconds does not reduce rates of hospitalization or ... but there is insufficient evidence to support the use of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with class I heart ... Cardiac resynchronization therapy improves mortality rates and some other disease-specific measures in patients who have a QRS ... Guidelines for cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace. 2007;9(10):959-998. ...

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0215/p279.html

Palabras clave : Artificial cardiac pacing; Cardiac electrophysiological study; Coronary sinus; Cardiac resynchronization ... activation time could be useful to search the optimum pacing site and would also enable detection of non-responders to cardiac ... Herein, we propose to use it to assess which right ventricular pacing modality produces the shortest left ventricular ... Finally, SEPHO resulted the best pacing modality, because it narrowed QRS-complexes and shortened left ventricular activations ...

http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0025-76802017000100002&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en

Cardiac Wellness Institute of Calgary. ELECTROCARDIOGRAMs (ECGs). Updated May 2010. Material to be Covered. ACSMs Resource ... Artificial cardiac pacing * Emphysema * Hyperkalemia * Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome - right sided accessory pathway ... so what does a cardiac physiologist do?. ecgs ambulatory monitoring exercise testing cardiac ultrasounds (aka echocardiograms ... fast & easy ecgs - a self-paced learning program. q. i. a. atrial dysrhythmias. originate in the atrial tissue or in the ...

https://www.slideserve.com/Pat_Xavi/electrocardiograms-ecgs

Emergency supportive measures such as artificial ventilation or cardiac pacing should be instituted if appropriate. ... As with other calcium channel blockers, hemodynamic measurements of cardiac function at rest and during exercise (or pacing) in ... The contractile processes of cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle are dependent upon the movement of extracellular calcium ... with a greater effect on vascular smooth muscle cells than on cardiac muscle cells. Negative inotropic effects can be detected ...

https://www.rxlist.com/lotrel-drug.htm

Keywords: Odds Ratio, Coronary Artery Disease, Follow-Up Studies, Cardiac Pacing, Artificial, Diuretics, Heart Failure, ... but not for pacing. There are several major differences between the trials, including pacing at a lower threshold in the ... use of dual-chamber DDDR AVSH pacing was noninferior to single-chamber VVI-40 pacing for death or heart failure hospitalization ... Inhibition of Unnecessary RV Pacing With AV Search Hysteresis in ICDs - INTRINSIC RV. May 24, 2006 Share via: ...

http://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/clinical-trials/2013/05/24/12/14/intrinsic-rv

Keywords: Cardiac Pacing, Artificial, Quality of Life, Heart Failure, Electrocardiography, Questionnaires, Cardiomyopathy, ... The patient was then randomized to univentricular or biventricular pacing. The optimal pacing site and AV delay when pacing the ... Impact of cardiac resynchronization therapy using hemodynamically optimized pacing on left ventricular remodeling in patients ... Patients were paced for 4 weeks followed by 4 weeks without pacing, and finally crossed over the the other modality ( ...

https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/clinical-trials/2010/02/23/19/14/pathchf

A visco-elastic motion-limiting artificial intervertebral disc prosthesis is provided that mimics the physiologic function of a ... Method and apparatus for placing a coronary sinus/cardiac vein pacing and defibrillation lead with adjustable electrode spacing ... Biaxial artificial disc replacement. US7291171. 7 Oct 2003. 6 Nov 2007. Ferree Bret A. Artificial disc replacement (ADR) using ... Artificial disc replacements with natural kinematics. US6723127. 21 Jun 2002. 20 Apr 2004. Spine Core, Inc.. Artificial ...

http://www.google.co.uk/patents/US7763075

... in which a cardiac site is paced in accordance with a pacing mode that employs sense signals from a different cardiac site. A ... activity at the paced site is used to delay pacing by a protective delay interval without otherwise disturbing the pacing ... A device and method for cardiac rhythm management ... more than adequate cardiac output with artificial pacing.. ... Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.. Cardiac pacing using adjustable atrio-ventricular delays. US6859665. 7 Jul 2003. 22 Feb 2005. Cardiac ...

http://www.google.co.uk/patents/US6512952

Emergency supportive measures such as artificial ventilation or cardiac pacing should be instituted if appropriate.. In the ... As with other calcium channel blockers, hemodynamic measurements of cardiac function at rest and during exercise (or pacing) in ... The contractile processes of cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle are dependent upon the movement of extracellular calcium ... with a greater effect on vascular smooth muscle cells than on cardiac muscle cells. Negative inotropic effects can be detected ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b1fd56c9-2eb3-437c-8aa8-d429c13e371d

A protection period triggered by the sensing of intrinsic activity in the paced chamber is used to inhibit pacing without ... A device and method for cardiac rhythm management in which a heart chamber is paced in accordance with a pacing mode that ... Patients with conventional pacemakers can also have compromised cardiac output because artificial pacing with an electrode ... Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.. System and method for timing synchronized pacing. US20050165453 *. 21 Mar 2005. 28 Jul 2005. Cardiac ...

http://www.google.es/patents/US20050065565?dq=flatulence

A ventricle is paced by delivering one or more stimulatory pulses in a manner such that a stressed region of the myocardium is ... most patients can still maintain more than adequate cardiac output with artificial pacing. ... The myocardium at pacing site 210 is shown as being hypertrophied as compared to the myocardium at pacing site 220. A cardiac ... Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.. System and method for timing synchronized pacing. US6628988 *. 27 Abr 2001. 30 Sep 2003. Cardiac ...

http://www.google.es/patents/US20040049236

The therapeutic use of cardiac pacing traditionally falls within the field of electrophysiology, but increasingly, heart failure physicians are taking the lead on implant decisions and the monitoring of CHF patients with these devices. (deepdyve.com)
Dr. Daoud earned his medical degree from the University of Cincinnati in Cincinnati, Ohio, and completed his internship, residency and a research fellowship at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Md. He completed two additional fellowships at the University of Michigan Hospitals in Ann Arbor in cardiology and cardiac electrophysiology. (osu.edu)
Dr. Daoud is a Fellow in the American College of Cardiology and a member of the American Heart Association, Heart Rhythm Society and Cardiac Electrophysiology Society. (osu.edu)
The complexities of cardiac electrophysiology are discussed in Price: $ Different artificial tools, such as heart-pacing devices, wearable and implantable monitors, engineered heart valves and stents, and many other cardiac devices, are in use in medical practice. (leboostcamp.com)

Pacing systems with only ventricular stimulation (VVI and VDD) have a fraction of about 40% of all pacemakers in Germany. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Types of artificial pacemakers with implantable leads to be placed at multiple intracardial sites. (bioportfolio.com)
Conventional implantable dual-chamber cardiac pacemakers adjust heart rate and maintain normal atrial and ventricular contraction by tracking "native" atrial electrical activity and pacing the ventricles after a predetermined programmable atrioventricular delay. (annals.org)
cardiac resynchronisation therapy pacemakers, with or without defibrillation (i.e. (tga.gov.au)
To review the status of artificial sensors in cardiac pacemakers and the rationale for developing pacing systems that use multiple sensors. (annals.org)
More recently, sensors have assumed a greater role in cardiac pacemakers. (annals.org)
Simultaneous use of multiple complementary artificial sensors may permit development of cardiac pacemakers that operate more physiologically yet require less specialized medical follow-up. (annals.org)
Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. (google.co.uk)
Howat, D. D. C. Anaesthesia for the Insertion of Indwelling Artificial Pacemakers. (springer.com)
Chronic heart failure and pacemakers Despite proven mortality and quality of life benefits of pacemaker implantation,4,5 long-term pacing in the right ventricle may be detrimental to left ventricular function in some individuals. (deepdyve.com)
Modern pacemakers are externally programmable and allow a cardiologist, particularly a cardiac electrophysiologist to select the optimal pacing modes for individual patients. (wikipedia.org)
The influence of pacemaker output on the morphology of the paced QRS complex was studied from standard lead electrocardiograms in 69 patients with bipolar pacemakers. (meta.org)
Classify works on artificial pacemakers here. (nih.gov)

At WG 330, the caption was changed from Disorders of the heart beat to Cardiac arrhythmias (General) . (nih.gov)
VES is defined as repeated occurrence (two or more times) of severe ventricular arrhythmias that is Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) and Ventricular Fibrillation (Vf) requiring multiple cardio version (such as electric converting or electrical shock) in 24 h by ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. (alliedacademies.org)
In the nonoperative setting, novel pacing strategies have been shown to reduce recurrences of atrial fibrillation and prolong arrhythmia-free periods in patients with paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias. (nih.gov)
2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: The Task Force for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). (cdc.gov)

To evaluate the long-term outcomes of children submitted to permanent cardiac pacing due to postoperative bradycardia and to identify risk factors for mortality. (scielo.br)
For instance, Ho et al have reported using transcutaneous pacing in patients with bradycardia due to hypothermia. (medscape.com)
Transcutaneous pacing is also part of advanced cardiac life support measures used in patients whose recorded cardiac rhythm reflects bradycardia or asystole. (medscape.com)
However, the available evidence is insufficient to prove the efficacy of prehospital transcutaneous pacing in cases of symptomatic bradycardia and bradyasystolic arrest. (medscape.com)
[ 8 ] Transcutaneous pacing usually carries a poorer prognosis in asystole than in bradycardia. (medscape.com)
Transcutaneous cardiac pacing is occasionally used to determine whether a patient requires permanent pacing (eg, if marked sinus bradycardia or a severe first-degree AV block are found in a patient with a history of frequent syncope). (medscape.com)
Implantable electronic cardiac devices have revolutionized therapy within cardiology and are recommended in both national1 and international2,3 guidelines to treat bradycardia, tachy-arrhythmia and chronic heart failure secondary to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. (deepdyve.com)
An implantable cardiac stimulator integrates the functions of bradycardia and anti-tachycardia pacing-type therapies, and cardioversion and defibrillation shock-type therapies. (freepatentsonline.com)
The stimulator is programmable to provide a multiplicity of hierarchical detection algorithms and therapeutic modalities to detect and treat classes of ventricular tachycardia according to position within rate range classes into which the heart rate continuum is partitioned, and thus according to hemodynamic tolerance, with backup capabilities of defibrillation and bradycardia pacing at the higher and lower regions of the rate continuum outside the range of the ventricular tachycardia classes. (freepatentsonline.com)
Future advances may allow atrial and dual-chamber pacing and combination with a subcutaneous defibrillator to deliver antitachycardia pacing and provide bradycardia backup. (mdedge.com)

Temporary transvenous cardiac pacing. (biomedsearch.com)
However, in some of those situations, other methods of temporary pacing (eg, transvenous pacing) may be more appropriate. (medscape.com)
Transvenous cardiac pacing is currently the primary solution for permanent pacing, but a number of patients with slow or irregular heartbeats are not considered to be suitable candidates for such devices. (medicaldevice-network.com)
It is an emergency procedure that acts as a bridge until transvenous pacing or other therapies can be applied. (wikipedia.org)
The electrodes are placed in contact with the outer wall of the ventricle (epicardium) to maintain satisfactory cardiac output until a temporary transvenous electrode has been inserted. (wikipedia.org)
Transvenous pacing, when used for temporary pacing, is an alternative to transcutaneous pacing. (wikipedia.org)
Transvenous pacing is often used as a bridge to permanent pacemaker placement. (wikipedia.org)
Permanent pacing with an implantable pacemaker involves transvenous placement of one or more pacing electrodes within a chamber, or chambers, of the heart, while the pacemaker is implanted inside the skin under the clavicle. (wikipedia.org)
Advances in technology by the medical device industry have resulted in a wide range of active and passive transvenous pacing leads for human use that the veterinary clinician can now choose from for their specific patients, with refined smaller profiles, flexible lead bodies, different fixation types and insulation materials. (biomedcentral.com)
Lower profile leads and smaller PGs allow for application of transvenous pacing to very small canine patients, who in the past may have had to undergo surgical placement of epicardial leads, but may now undergo a minimally invasive procedure. (biomedcentral.com)
In our opinion, this method will be a valid alternative to transvenous pacing, when completely eliminated stimulation of skeletal muscles and cutaneous nerves. (meta.org)
Parsonnet V. Permanent transvenous pacing in 1962. (mdedge.com)

Biventricular pacing is a validated treatment for patients suffering from heart failure resistant to medical treatment. (clinicaltrials.gov)
With the advent of cardiac resynchronization therapy, it was unclear what percentage of biventricular pacing would be required to obtain maximal symptomatic and mortality benefit from the therapy. (nih.gov)
The optimal percentage of biventricular pacing and the association between the amount of continuous pacing and survival is unknown. (nih.gov)
The purpose of this study was to assess the optimal percentage of biventricular pacing and any association with survival in a large cohort of networked patients. (nih.gov)
A large cohort of 36,935 patients followed up in a remote-monitoring network, the LATITUDE Patient Management system (Boston Scientific Corp., Natick, Massachusetts), was assessed to determine the association between the percentage of biventricular pacing and mortality. (nih.gov)
The greatest magnitude of reduction in mortality was observed with a biventricular pacing achieved in excess of 98% of all ventricular beats. (nih.gov)
Atrial fibrillation and native atrial ventricular condition can limit a high degree of biventricular pacing. (nih.gov)
Incremental increases in mortality benefit are observed with an increasing percentage of biventricular pacing. (nih.gov)
Every effort should be made to reduce native atrioventricular conduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy systems in an attempt to achieve biventricular pacing as close to 100% as possible. (nih.gov)
This study sought to evaluate the clinical effect of hemodynamically optimized univentricular or biventricular pacing compared to no pacing in patients with advanced congestive heart failure. (acc.org)
Patients received an implantable pacemaker system with te ability to switch from univentricular to biventricular pacing capability. (acc.org)
The patient was then randomized to univentricular or biventricular pacing. (acc.org)
Patients were paced for 4 weeks followed by 4 weeks without pacing, and finally crossed over the the other modality (biventricular or univentricular) of pacing for 4 weeks. (acc.org)
Impact of pacing modality and biventricular pacing on cardiac output and coronary conduit flow in the post-cardiotomy patient. (lenus.ie)
2 Cardiac resynchronisation therapy, or biventricular pacing, improves cardiac function by reducing or even abolishing the abnormal pattern of ventricular activation and contraction observed in some patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. (bmj.com)
Regression of dilated-hypokinetic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by biventricular cardiac pacing. (ox.ac.uk)
We report one of the first cases of profound regression of the dilated-hypokinetic state by the application of biventricular pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). (ox.ac.uk)

However, up to 30% of the patients are non responsive to this strategy using the coronary sinus approach to pace the Left Ventricle (LV). (clinicaltrials.gov)
Resynchronisation using a transeptal approach to pace the left ventricle on the cardiology has been shown feasible on small series. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Cardiac resynchronization with one in the right ventricle and one in the left ventricle via the coronary sinus. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The new micro-pacemaker enables pacing of the left ventricle. (medicaldevice-network.com)
Most of the systems currently available only pace the right ventricle despite research which supports the benefits of left ventricle pacing for better cardiac synchrony. (medicaldevice-network.com)
Chronic heart failure, pacemaker, CRT, ICD, optimization Introduction Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a common condition characterized by symptoms of breathlessness and fatigue in the presence of cardiac dysfunction, most frequently impairment of contraction of the left ventricle (left ventricular systolic dysfunction). (deepdyve.com)
CRT, by synchronizing the myocardial electrical-contractile apparatus with pacing leads in both the right and left ventricle, can improve left ventricular mechanical function. (umassmed.edu)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the importance of atrial synchronism for pacing therapy of patients with mixed carotid sinus syndrome. (isharonline.org)
Patients who needed pacing therapy because of atrial bradyarrhythmias were investigated by means of carotid sinus massage, dynamic ECG, and invasive electrophysiological sinus node evaluation. (isharonline.org)
They were randomly assigned to 2 groups: 28 patients to no therapy (nonpacing group), and 32 to VVI (n = 18) or DDD (n = 14) pacemaker implant (pacing group). (isharonline.org)
AV-Block of higher degree is the primary indication for pacing therapy for about 20% of pacemaker patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)
A Randomized, Prospective Multicenter Pilot Study to Determine the Influence of the Ventricular Pacing Site on the Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure in Patients With Indication for Permanent Pacemaker Stimulation Therapy. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Super-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy reduces appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy. (bioportfolio.com)
To determine the frequency of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy following cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT-D) implantation in super and non-super responders and whether greate. (bioportfolio.com)
This study examined whether the various hemodynamic collapse patterns observed during tilt testing in patients with suspected neurocardiogenic syncope are relevant when planning therapy, particularly whether a predominantly cardioinhibitory response predicts a beneficial response from pacing. (biomedsearch.com)
Methods and device for determining a pacing vector for delivering an electrostimulation therapy are described. (patents.com)
Systems and methods for providing CRT therapy to a patient with an implanted multi-site pacing medical device. (patents.com)
Left ventricular activation time could be useful to search the optimum pacing site and would also enable detection of non-responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy. (scielo.org.ar)
Cardiac resynchronization therapy improves mortality rates and some other disease-specific measures in patients who have a QRS duration of 150 milliseconds or greater and New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure. (aafp.org)
Patients with class II heart failure and a QRS of 150 milliseconds or greater also appear to benefit, but there is insufficient evidence to support the use of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with class I heart failure. (aafp.org)
Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with a QRS of 120 to 150 milliseconds does not reduce rates of hospitalization or death. (aafp.org)
Cardiac resynchronization therapy is indicated in patients with NYHA class II to IV heart failure and a QRS duration greater than 150 milliseconds. (aafp.org)
Results of the present trial differ from those of the DAVID trial, which showed treatment with dual-chamber pacing was associated with an increase in mortality or congestive heart failure hospitalizations by 1 year compared with ventricular backup pacing in patients with LV dysfunction and standard indications for ICD therapy, but not for pacing. (acc.org)
diagnosis, detection and disease modification Gierula, John;Kearney, Mark T;Witte, Klaus K 2018-03-01 00:00:00 Abstract Introduction/background Implantable cardiac devices are widely used in chronic heart failure (CHF) therapy. (deepdyve.com)
Cardiac resynchronization therapy is beneficial in specific individuals with CHF. (deepdyve.com)
principally implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), has become a key part of the armamentarium used to control the condition. (deepdyve.com)
Thanks to Canada's John Hopps, patients with heart rhythm problems can now benefit from a number of implantable pacing devices, including one that provides cardiac resynchronization therapy and serves as a cardioverter defibrillator as well. (bcmj.org)
Objective To review the evidence base from randomised controlled trials of combined cardiac resynchronisation therapy and implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in left ventricular impairment and symptomatic heart failure. (bmj.com)
Included trials compared cardiac resynchronisation therapy, implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy, combined resynchronisation and implantable defibrillator therapy, and medical therapy alone, in patients with impaired left ventricular systolic function. (bmj.com)
Combined cardiac resynchronisation and implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy reduced the number of deaths by one third compared with medical therapy alone (odds ratio 0.57, 95% credible interval 0.40 to 0.80) but did not further improve survival when compared with implantable defibrillator therapy (0.82, 0.57 to 1.18) or resynchronisation (0.85, 0.60 to 1.22) therapy alone. (bmj.com)
Conclusion Evidence from randomised controlled trials is insufficient to show the superiority of combined cardiac resynchronisation and implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy over cardiac resynchronisation therapy alone in patients with left ventricular impairment. (bmj.com)
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy reduces sudden cardiac deaths by providing antitachycardia pacing and defibrillation to stop ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation in patients with heart failure who are at risk of developing malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias. (bmj.com)
Current evidence based guidelines 3 4 5 recommend an implantable cardioverter defibrillator for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in selected patients with impaired left ventricular function, and cardiac resynchronisation therapy for improvement of symptoms and survival in selected patients with abnormal ventricular conduction. (bmj.com)
Sudden cardiac deaths still account for about one third of all deaths in patients treated with resynchronisation therapy, w1 w2 and adding implantable cardioverter defibrillator backup to resynchronisation therapy might further reduce mortality. (bmj.com)
Conversely, resynchronisation therapy alone reduces the risk of worsening deaths owing to heart failure as well as sudden cardiac deaths w2 suggesting that the addition of such therapy to implantable cardioverter defibrillation might further reduce the risk of death. (bmj.com)
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT), or Bi-Ventricular pacing, is a novel therapeutic intervention for patients with heart failure. (umassmed.edu)
efficient and base molecules include induced that provoked online psychophysiology interacts a worse drug of cardiac therapy Chest. (adams-farm.com)
Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy (CRT) has been used extensively over the last years in the therapeutic management of the patients with end stage heart failure based on the data of large randomized trials on CRT. (bvsalud.org)
cardiac resynchronization therapy) now offer a unique opportunity to study HR dynamics and provide treatment options for CI by rate-adaptive pacing using an incorporated sensor that measures physical activity. (vumc.nl)
A method and system for ascertaining the condition of the heart's conduction system in a patient treated for congestive heart failure with pacing therapy. (google.de)
By measuring the difference in conduction times of an excitation impulse traveling from the AV node to the different ventricular locations, a parameter representative of the heart's conduction system is obtained that may be used to adjust the pacing therapy in accordance therewith. (google.de)

System and method for assessing and selecting stimulation vectors in an implantable cardiac resynhronization. (patents.com)
A cardiac stimulation system includes multiple electrodes and a cardiac stimulator for generating stimulation pulses. (freepatentsonline.com)
Preferably the optimal stimulation level is selected such that the electrical field associated with a stimulation pulse is directed substantially in parallel with the cardiac fibers being stimulated. (freepatentsonline.com)
2. The cardiac stimulation system of claim 1 wherein said electrodes are implanted in a patient's heart having cardiac fibers defining a fiber direction, wherein said pair of electrodes generates an electric field in the presence of said stimulation pulse, said electrical field extending substantially parallel to said fiber direction. (freepatentsonline.com)
3. The cardiac stimulation system of claim 1 wherein said plurality of electrodes is partitioned into several electrode families, including a stimulation family selected for applying said stimulation pulse, wherein said electrode pair is selected from said stimulation family. (freepatentsonline.com)
4. The cardiac stimulation system of claim 1 further comprising a lead having an elongated member with said electrodes being formed on said elongated member. (freepatentsonline.com)
5. The cardiac stimulation system of claim 4 wherein said electrodes comprise axially spaced rings disposed on said elongated member, each ring being connected to a wire extending though said elongated member. (freepatentsonline.com)
6. The cardiac stimulation system of claim 4 wherein said elongated member is a tube. (freepatentsonline.com)
7. The cardiac stimulation system of claim 4 wherein said electrodes are angularly spaced with respect to each about said elongated member. (freepatentsonline.com)
8. The cardiac stimulation system of claim 7 wherein a set of said electrodes are disposed in a single plane transversal to a longitudinal axis of said elongated member. (freepatentsonline.com)
9. The cardiac stimulation system of claim 7 wherein said electrodes include a first and a second set of electrodes, the electrodes of each set being angularly spaced, the first set being axially spaced from the second set. (freepatentsonline.com)
10. The cardiac stimulation system of claim 7 wherein said lead includes a cap formed with said plurality of electrodes. (freepatentsonline.com)
11. The cardiac stimulation system of claim 10 wherein said electrodes are radially spaced with respect to each other. (freepatentsonline.com)
Radio frequency cardiac stimulation provides a method free of the discomforts and dangers of long term, externally applied cardiac stimulation. (google.com)
Electrical stimulation is supplied via the improved lead to cause contraction of the skeletal muscle in synchronism with the natural or artificially paced heart rate and timed to obtain the desired hemodynamic effect. (google.com)
The present invention generally pertains to skeletal muscle stimulation, and more particularly, pertains to improved lead systems for stimulating skeletal muscle powered cardiac assist systems. (google.com)
3 ] Hopps and others went on to develop a series of experiments to refine this process for pacemaker-induced cardiac stimulation. (bcmj.org)
Phosphoregulation of Cardiac Inotropy via Myosin Binding Protein-C During Increased Pacing Frequency or β1-Adrenergic Stimulation. (nih.gov)
Force and [Ca(2+)]in measurements in isolated papillary muscles showed that the increased force and twitch kinetics because increased pacing or β1-adrenergic stimulation were nearly absent in cMyBP-C(t3SA) myocardium, even though [Ca(2+)]in transients under each condition were similar to WT. (nih.gov)
Further, cMyBP-C is a principal mediator of increased contractility observed with β-adrenergic stimulation or increased pacing because of protein kinase A and CaMKIIδ phosphorylations of cMyB-C. (nih.gov)
Temporary epicardial ventricular stimulation in patients with atrial fibrillation: acute effects of ventricular pacing site on bypass graft flows. (lenus.ie)

The question addressed was whether it is safe to cut the temporary epicardial pacing wires (TEPWs) flush with the patient's skin surface prior to discharge. (isharonline.org)
Randomized Comparison of Endocardial Versus Epicardial - From the Coronary Sinus - Left Ventricular Pacing for Resynchronization in Heart Failure. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Temporary epicardial pacing is used during open heart surgery should the surgical procedure create atrio-ventricular block. (wikipedia.org)
Clip from projected VR of patient cardiac device shows combined epicardial-endocardial pacing-defibrillation system with cardiac structures stripped away and projected in 3D space. (mayoclinic.org)
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two separate prospective studies were conducted in patients undergoing CABG and requiring intraoperative epicardial pacing. (lenus.ie)
coronary bypass + aortic valve replacement, 7.1%) had right and left atrial epicardial pacing electrodes placed at the time of surgery. (nih.gov)

abstract = "Chronotropic incompetence (CI) is generally defined as the inability to increase the heart rate (HR) adequately during exercise to match cardiac output to metabolic demands. (vumc.nl)

Herein, we propose to use it to assess which right ventricular pacing modality produces the shortest left ventricular activation times (R-LVtime) and the narrowest QRS widths. (scielo.org.ar)
Areas of agreement Excessive right ventricular pacing is detrimental to cardiac function. (deepdyve.com)
In patients in whom right VP is unavoidable, alternative pacing sites of the right ventricular septum, right ventricular outflow tract and His bundle have been proposed as options to offset the potential negative effects of right ventricular apical pacing. (deepdyve.com)
However, although a meta-analysis published by Shimony et al.16 including 754 patients from 14 randomized studies, comparing right ventricular apical pacing vs. non-apical pacing suggested beneficial effects on LVEF in patients with impaired left ventricular function (LVEF ≤ 45%), there were no differences in any measure of quality of life, functional test (walk distance and peak oxygen uptake) and morbidity or mortality rates. (deepdyve.com)

CONCLUSION: The presence of a predominantly cardioinhibitory collapse pattern (VASIS 2A and 2B) during baseline tilt testing doubled the likelihood of successful temporary A-V sequential pacing, and may identify patients with neurocardiogenic syncope most likely to benefit from permanent dual chamber pacing. (biomedsearch.com)
Future pacing systems will have dual-chamber pacing capability and may use several sensors coupled synergistically in order to take advantage of particular strengths of each. (annals.org)
Among patients implanted with an ICD for standard indications, use of dual-chamber DDDR AVSH pacing was noninferior to single-chamber VVI-40 pacing for death or heart failure hospitalization at 1 year. (acc.org)
Future directions include atrial and dual-chamber pacing and combining the procedure with a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. (mdedge.com)
In a first study (22 patients) coronary grafts flows were measured during dual chamber pacing (DDD) and during ventricular pacing (VVI). (lenus.ie)

CHLA cardiologist Dr Yaniv Bar-Cohen said: "Much about this device and its implantation is novel, starting with implanting an entire pacing system in the pericardial space in a minimally-invasive fashion, which has never been done before. (medicaldevice-network.com)
While different kinds of pacing devices have become common, many questions must be addressed when considering implantation in a particular patient. (bcmj.org)
The evolution of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) towards dilatation and hypokinesis is an increasingly recognized complication with a high incidence of adverse outcomes, including sudden cardiac death, requiring defibrillator implantation and cardiac transplantation. (ox.ac.uk)
Individuals have improved quality of life after implantation of the cardiac device. (bvsalud.org)

The purpose of the Consulta clinical study is to evaluate the overall system safety and clinical performance of the Consulta Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator with Cardiac Resynchroni. (bioportfolio.com)
The video below demonstrates transcutaneous cardiac pacing using a defibrillator. (medscape.com)
The goal of the trial was to evaluate dual- versus single-chamber pacing among patients implanted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for standard indications. (acc.org)

this topic focuses on transcutaneous cardiac pacing. (medscape.com)
Transcutaneous cardiac pacing in a patient with third-degree heart block. (medscape.com)
Although transcutaneous cardiac pacing can be quickly and safely performed by staff members who do not have extensive training, many patients tolerate the pacing poorly, and the incidence of cardiac capture varies. (medscape.com)
However, perhaps because of associated diaphragmatic and skeletal muscle contractions, transcutaneous pacing can provide greater cardiac output than endocardial ventricular pacing does. (medscape.com)
Transcutaneous cardiac pacing (the fastest method of cardiac pacing) can be used until permanent pacing becomes available. (medscape.com)
Therefore, all indications for permanent cardiac pacing are considered indications for transcutaneous pacing as well. (medscape.com)
Because transcutaneous pacing is a temporary method of cardiac pacing, it may be indicated for the treatment of a reversible condition for which permanent pacing is contraindicated. (medscape.com)
Transcutaneous pacing (TCP), also called external pacing, is recommended for the initial stabilization of hemodynamically significant bradycardias of all types. (wikipedia.org)
A substantial external device using vacuum tube technology to provide transcutaneous pacing , it was somewhat crude and painful to the patient in use and, being powered from an AC wall socket, carried a potential hazard of electrocution of the patient by inducing ventricular fibrillation. (bionity.com)
A number of innovators, including Paul Zoll, made smaller but still bulky transcutaneous pacing devices in the following years using a large rechargeable battery as the power supply. (bionity.com)

Pacing would lead to improved clinical benefit in patients with congestive heart failure when compared to no pacing. (acc.org)
1. Auricchio A, Stellbrink C, Sack S, Block M, Vogt J, Bakker P, Mortensen P, Klein H. The Pacing Therapies for Congestive Heart Failure (PATH-CHF) study: rationale, design, and endpoints of a prospective randomized multicenter study.Am J Cardiol 1999 Mar 11;83(5B):130D-135D. (acc.org)

Finally, SEPHO resulted the best pacing modality, because it narrowed QRS-complexes and shortened left ventricular activations of patients with left bundle branch block and preserved the physiological depolarization of controls. (scielo.org.ar)

Indications for permanent cardiac pacing, along with the corresponding levels of supporting evidence, are well summarized by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA). (medscape.com)
3 (in cardiology) the ability of a pacemaker to electrically stimulate a cardiac chamber. (thefreedictionary.com)

4. The method of claim 2 wherein the rate and synchronized chamber paces are both delivered separated by a specified synchronized chamber offset interval upon expiration of an escape interval and wherein the protective delay interval adjusts the offset interval when a synchronized chamber pace is scheduled within the synchronized chamber protection period. (google.co.uk)
5. The method of claim 2 wherein the synchronized chamber is paced when triggered by a rate chamber sense unless the synchronized chamber pace would be delivered within the synchronized chamber protection period beginning after receipt of a synchronized chamber pace or sense signal in which case the synchronized chamber pace is delayed by a protective delay interval. (google.co.uk)
6. The method of claim 2 wherein the synchronized pacing mode is a synchronized chamber-only pacing mode and wherein a rate chamber pace is only delivered if the synchronized chamber pace is inhibited. (google.co.uk)
A protection period triggered by the sensing of intrinsic activity in the paced chamber is used to inhibit pacing without otherwise. (google.es)
In this type, only one pacing lead is placed into a chamber of the heart, either the atrium or the ventricle. (wikipedia.org)
A retrospective review of 74 Class A purpose-bred mongrels implanted with active ( n = 89) and passive fixation ( n = 57) intracardiac leads for dual ( n = 72) or single ( n = 2) chamber pacing was performed. (biomedcentral.com)
Current devices are limited to single-chamber ventricular pacing. (mdedge.com)
Leadless pacing is showing promising results, but it is currently limited to single-chamber pacing. (mdedge.com)

The second channel may receive an input from either a conventional cardiac sensing and pacing electrode, or else a second electrode, remote from the heart, may be provided for interference detection. (google.com)
Thevenet, A., Hodges, P. C. , & Lillehei, C. W. The Use of a Myocardial Electrode Inserted Percutaneously for Control of Complete Atrioventricular Block by an Artificial Pacemaker. (springer.com)
These studies demonstrated the restoration of heart rate, cardiac output and mean aortic pressures in animal subjects with complete heart block through the use of a myocardial electrode. (bionity.com)
This transistorised pacemaker, housed in a small plastic box, had controls to permit adjustment of pacing heart rate and output voltage and was connected to electrode leads which passed through the skin of the patient to terminate in electrodes attached to the surface of the myocardium of the heart. (bionity.com)

METHODS: The effects of temporary atrioventricular (A-V) sequential pacing were studied during tilt testing in 34 patients 48.2 +/- 18.5 years of age. (biomedsearch.com)
A-V sequential pacing was successful in 13 of 17 patients with a cardioinhibitory response versus 5 of 14 patients with a mixed response (P = 0.024). (biomedsearch.com)
The first external unit transmits a power signal and a control signal, the power signal comprising a first pulse for energizing the second internal unit, and the control signal for controlling the internal unit to pace the patient's heart in a variety of modes, e.g., atrial, ventricular and atrial/ventricular sequential pacing. (patents.com)
2. Cardiac stimulating apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said generator means generates the first power signal in the form of a first pulse-like signal having a first relatively long pulse width and the second control signal in the form of first and second pulse-like command signals in first and second sequential time slots following the first pulse-like signal in the timed relation. (patents.com)

ventricular capture depolarization of the ventricles in response to an impulse originating either in the supraventricular region or in an artificial pacemaker. (thefreedictionary.com)
When cooled below a certain temperature, the perfectly functional heart became immobile due to lack of cardiac depolarization. (bcmj.org)

This study aims to investigate the impact of antitachycardia pacing ( ATP) on the myocardial tissue with respect to its potential micro damage measured by several myocardial markers, especially by high-sensitive TroponinT. (bioportfolio.com)
Coronary grafts flow and cardiac pacing modalities: how to improve perioperative myocardial perfusion. (lenus.ie)

Left Ventricular Pacing for Resynchronization in Heart Failure. (clinicaltrials.gov)
A lot of studies proved in the past that the pacing site influenced the development of hemodynamics, heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF). (clinicaltrials.gov)
New pacing technologies have emerged to treat selected patients with heart failure. (bmj.com)
In patients with heart failure (HF), however, this definition is unsuitable because metabolic demands are unmatched to cardiac output in both conditions. (vumc.nl)

A device and method for cardiac rhythm management in which a cardiac site is paced in accordance with a pacing mode that employs sense signals from a different cardiac site. (google.co.uk)

Influence of cardiac pacing on graft flow following aortocoronary bypass surgery--comparison of ventricular and atrial pacing]. (lenus.ie)

Postoperative atrial pacing, in conjunction with beta-blockade, significantly reduced both the incidence of atrial fibrillation and the length of hospital stay following cardiovascular surgery. (nih.gov)

A cardiac pacing apparatus of the type having a first signal processing channel which functions in the demand mode is disclosed including a second signal processing channel for detecting electromagnetic interference and causing the pacing apparatus to revert to a safe operating rate in the presence of such interference. (google.com)
When electromagnetic interference is detected by the second signal processing channel, an override of the conventional demand pacer inhibit function occurs and the pacing apparatus is switched to a safe operating rate, which may be either an appropriate predetermined fixed rate or a rate-limited rate synchronous with the detected electromagnetic interference. (google.com)
In an alternate embodiment, the gain of the second signal processing channel is reduced with respect to that of the first channel, and the pacing apparatus is switched to a safe operating rate upon the detection of electromagnetic interference having an amplitude level above that of natural cardiac signals. (google.com)
Cardiac stimulating apparatus comprising a first external unit for transmitting electromagnetic energy within the patient's body to be received by a second, surgically implanted unit within the patient's body and adapted to be solely powered by the transmitted electromagnetic energy. (patents.com)

Initial Clinical Experience With a New Automated Antitachycardia Pacing Algorithm: Feasibility and Safety in an Ambulatory Patient Cohort. (bioportfolio.com)
Antitachycardia pacing (ATP) in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) decreases patient shock burden but has recognized limitations. (bioportfolio.com)

They are used to treat various cardiac conduction disturbances which interfere with the timing of contraction of the ventricles. (bioportfolio.com)
In this condition the affected ventricle of the heart resembles an over-inflated balloon, and contraction is reduced, limiting the amount of blood ejected each beat (stroke volume) and hence cardiac output. (gresham.ac.uk)
Bigelow's team was stymied by the problem of how to induce cardiac contraction during hypothermia. (bcmj.org)
Impulses in the muscles are caused due to the cardiac cycle or relaxation and contraction in the heart. (indiastudychannel.com)

Cardioinhibition during tilt testing identifies patients who may benefit from pacing. (biomedsearch.com)
The role of coronary spasm in underlying disease-free patients who were resuscitated from sudden cardiac arrest remained uncertain. (nih.gov)
This study investigated the cause of cardiac arrest, and the etiologic and prognostic differences were compared between patients with underlying heart disease (group I) and those patients without underlying heart disease (group II). (nih.gov)
Electrophysiologic abnormalities were found in 13 of the 15 patients in group I. In group II, spontaneous attack of coronary spasm occurred in four patients during the observation period, and coronary spasm was induced in three of the remaining six period of 32 +/- 23 months, whereas no patients in group II had recurrence of sudden cardiac arrest at a median follow-up of 32 months (range, 10 to 72 months). (nih.gov)
Artificial sensors were created to adjust pacing rate reliably in response to changes in levels of physical exertion for patients with sinoatrial disease in whom exercise heart rate response is inadequate (for example, chronotropic incompetence in sinoatrial disease). (annals.org)
There are several major differences between the trials, including pacing at a lower threshold in the present trial (60 bpm vs. 70 bpm in DAVID) and the patient population, which in INTRINSIC RV excluded patients with >20% RV pacing in the first week. (acc.org)
The anaesthetic techniques employed in these cases were varied and were those in current use for other thoracotomies Few problems were encountered during the course of these anaesthetics, and this is attributed to the fact that in most of the patients the heart rate was controlled prior to the induction of anaesthesia by means of an artificial pacemaker. (springer.com)
All prototypes and iterations of pacing technology begin in the preclinical research realm, so the sharing of best research practices with the clinical veterinary community regarding lead types, implant techniques, and lead performance in terms of acceptable electrical criteria and device programming may facilitate transfer of knowledge for the betterment of veterinary clinical practice and veterinary patients. (biomedcentral.com)
You have read a recent review that suggests that postoperative atrial pacing may protect patients against atrial fibrillation and as all patients receive right atrial wires in your unit intra-operatively this seems to be a simple opportunity to reduce the incidence of AF without the inherent complications of pharmacological prophylaxis. (bestbets.org)
10 trials found that investigated pacing in the prevention of AF, found from searching Medline, Embase, Cinhal up to April 2001 trials found from 9-100 patients in treatment groups. (bestbets.org)
Differences more marked in subgroup analysis of 25 patients on preoperative beta-blockers - 1/14 paced versus 6/11 unpaced (p=0.0088). (bestbets.org)
137 patients analysed according to pacing actually received (24 patients withdrawn from study for clinical reasons). (bestbets.org)
BMB has been a symbol of trust over the years, and has earned the distinctive reputation from its patients for being a safe destination for cardiac treatment. (authorstream.com)
The only Cardiac Super Speciality Hospital of Eastern India  24×7 Chest Pain Centre  Highly Specialized in performing Invasive and Non-Invasive Cardiac treatments and surgeries  Eminent Cardiologists and Cardiac Surgeons of International National Repute  Nurse-Patient ratio is 1:1 for ventilated patients. (authorstream.com)
In our experience, non-invasive pacing was effective in all thirteen patients in whom it was applied, was maintained for a mean time of 30 minutes and then temporary endocardial pacing was performed. (meta.org)
In patients with complex congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac ablation or device procedures, this technology re-creates patient regional anatomy in a 3D space, appreciating subtle patient anatomical variations as well as relationships to collateral structures. (mayoclinic.org)
It has also been successfully applied to help with pre-procedural planning in patients with implanted cardiac devices undergoing extraction. (mayoclinic.org)
1 ] Little did he know that this assignment would have groundbreaking implications for the lives of so many cardiac patients around the world. (bcmj.org)
In a second study (10 patients) flows were measured during DDD pacing at different atrio-ventricular (A-V) delay periods. (lenus.ie)
Patients were randomized to either no pacing, right atrial (RAP), left atrial (LAP) or biatrial pacing (BAP) for 72 h after surgery. (nih.gov)
0.005) in patients assigned to one of the three pacing strategies. (nih.gov)
The length of hospital stay was reduced by 22% from 7.8 +/- 3.7 days to 6.1 +/- 2.3 days (p = 0.003) in patients assigned to postoperative atrial pacing. (nih.gov)
A hemodynamic comparison of atrial and ventricular pacing in postoperative cardiac surgical patients. (elsevier.com)
Traditionally, a prolonged QRS duration on surface ECG has been used to diagnose cardiac dyssynchrony and select patients for CRT. (umassmed.edu)
In other words, patients with significant dyssynchrony irrespective of QRS duration may benefit from CRT and Bi-V pacing. (umassmed.edu)

We therefore would like to compare these two approached in a randomised prospective study to confirm the hypotheses that endocardial LV pacing by offering multiple choices for the pacing sites reduces the number of non responders and is associated with greater hemodynamic benefit when compared to the conventional coronary sinus approach. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Twenty-five survivors of sudden cardiac arrest were classified into two groups according to the presence or absence of underlying heart disease. (nih.gov)
Coronary spasm was involved in the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac arrest in survivors without identifiable underlying heart disease. (nih.gov)
Torsades de pointes (TdP) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) were reported. (cdc.gov)

mean age 69 +/- 8 years) affected by symptomatic mixed carotid sinus syndrome we performed: 1) the study of ventriculo-atrial conduction, 2) the evaluation of pacemaker effect and 3) the carotid sinus massage in standing position during VVI and DVI temporary pacing. (isharonline.org)
and (2) Carotid sinus massage in the standing position during VVI and DVI temporary pacing. (isharonline.org)
Temporary cardiac pacing in the critical care setting can be a lifesaving intervention in a number of clinical situations. (biomedsearch.com)
[ 1 ] The goal in temporary cardiac pacing is to improve cardiac hemodynamics until the underlying problem resolves or a permanent pacing strategy is applied. (medscape.com)
Temporary pacing is appropriate when a permanent pacing device must be replaced, repaired, or changed, and when permanent pacing fails. (medscape.com)
Non-invasive temporary cardiac pacing. (meta.org)

wherein the controller is programmed to pace the synchronized site in accordance with a synchronized pacing mode, to inhibit pacing of the synchronized site during a synchronized site protective period that is initiated by a synchronized site sense or pace, and to delay a pace to the synchronized site by a protective delay interval when the pace would otherwise occur within the synchronized site protection period. (google.co.uk)

Provision of chronotropic response during physical exertion or emotional stress may be achieved by using physiologic sensors to alter pacing rate independently of atrial activity. (annals.org)
A visco-elastic motion-limiting artificial intervertebral disc prosthesis is provided that mimics the physiologic function of a normal spinal disc. (google.co.uk)
Enhancing the physiologic effectiveness of cardiac stimulators in heart rhythms' management using chronobiology. (umn.edu)

Complications after cardiac implantable electronic device implantations: an analysis of a complete, nationwide cohort in Denmark. (mdedge.com)

Articles describing clinical experience with or clinical evaluation of cardiac pacing systems using multiple artificial sensors. (annals.org)

They compared their maps with the electrical activation sequence and found they were closely correlated, both at the natural rhythm of the heart and when the heart was artificially paced. (scienceblog.com)
A part of the body, such as the mass of muscle fibers of the sinoatrial node, that sets the pace or rhythm of physiological activity. (thefreedictionary.com)
Our portfolio expands to include cardiac rhythm management (CRM). (sjm.com)

5. The method of claim 4 further comprising stopping pacing before calculation of a conduction delay upon a command received from an external programmer. (google.de)

A protective period triggered by the sensing of intrinsic activity at the paced site is used to delay pacing by a protective delay. (google.co.uk)
2 . The method of claim 1 wherein the AV pacing delay interval is set to equal a linear function of the V-V interval subtracted from a measured intrinsic AV delay interval. (google.es)

Often used along to indicate the natural cardiac pacemaker or an artificial cardiac pacemaker. (indiastudychannel.com)

The procedure is performed by placing two pacing pads on the patient's chest, either in the anterior/lateral position or the anterior/posterior position. (wikipedia.org)

You are concerned to note that the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in your unit is almost 40% after elective cardiac surgery. (bestbets.org)
Atrial pacing for the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation: how and where to pace? (nih.gov)

Electrophysiological parameters and anatomical evaluation of left bundle branch pacing in an in vivo canine model. (stacksdiscovery.com)

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the ability to detect and recognize patterns that elude humans, providing unique opportunities to further understand disease pathophysiology, diagnoses and treatments. (mayoclinic.org)

Comparison of permanent cardiac pacing and cardiac pacing on demand in mixed carotid sinus syndrome. (isharonline.org)
You should notify the technician if you have any of the following: Aneurysm clips, Artificial heart valves, Cardiac pace maker, Metallic implants or shrapnel, Previous gunshot wound, Permanent (tattoo) eyeliner, Pregnancy or Sheet metal worker. (santabarbara.com)

Anatomy29

Organisms10

Diseases51

Chemicals and Drugs43

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment75

Phenomena and Processes44

Disciplines and Occupations5

Information Science2

Health Care24

Differential effects of a segment of slow conduction on reentrant ventricular tachycardia in the rabbit heart. (1/3178)

Junctional ectopic tachycardia evolving into complete heart block. (2/3178)

Regulation of sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure: a role for nitric oxide and angiotensin II. (3/3178)

Regional differences in the recovery course of tachycardia-induced changes of atrial electrophysiological properties. (4/3178)

Mapping propagation of mechanical activation in the paced heart with MRI tagging. (5/3178)

Mechanism linking T-wave alternans to the genesis of cardiac fibrillation. (6/3178)

Atrioventricular nodal ablation and implantation of mode switching dual chamber pacemakers: effective treatment for drug refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. (7/3178)

Predictors of atrial rhythm after atrioventricular node ablation for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias. (8/3178)

Myocytes, Cardiac

Cardiac Output

Heart

Arrhythmias, Cardiac

Cardiac Surgical Procedures

Death, Sudden, Cardiac

Cardiomegaly

Cardiac Tamponade

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial

Heart Diseases

Myocardium

Cardiac Catheterization

Myocardial Contraction

Heart Arrest

Heart Ventricles

Myoblasts, Cardiac

Heart Failure

Cardiomyopathies

Cardiac Myosins

Cardiac Imaging Techniques

Electrocardiography

Cardiac Glycosides

Heart Rate

Echocardiography

Cardiac Output, Low

Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Time Factors

Hemodynamics

Myocardial Infarction

Cardiac Volume

Ventricular Remodeling

Heart Transplantation

Troponin I

Ventricular Function, Left

Heart Defects, Congenital

Stroke Volume

Blood Pressure

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Heart Function Tests

Troponin T

Heart Conduction System

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Heart Neoplasms

Cardiac Care Facilities

Dogs

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated

Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

Cardiotonic Agents

Myocardial Ischemia

Treatment Outcome

Cardiac Electrophysiology

Models, Cardiovascular

Fibrosis

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Fetal Heart

Calcium

Heart Atria

Prospective Studies

Ventricular Function

Disease Models, Animal

Cells, Cultured

Heart Injuries

Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Troponin

Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular

Follow-Up Studies

Myocarditis

Mice, Transgenic

Isoproterenol

Sarcomeres

Atrial Natriuretic Factor

Muscle Proteins

Retrospective Studies

Risk Factors

Mitochondria, Heart

Heart Valves

Pericardium

Predictive Value of Tests

Rats, Wistar

Pacemaker, Artificial