Cardiac Output
Thermodilution
Hemodynamics
Myocytes, Cardiac
Cardiac Output, Low
A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.
Vascular Resistance
Dye Dilution Technique
Cardiac Output, High
A state of elevated cardiac output due to conditions of either increased hemodynamic demand or reduced cardiac oxygen output. These conditions may include ANEMIA; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; THYROTOXICOSIS; PREGNANCY; EXERCISE; FEVER; and ANOXIA. In time, compensatory changes of the heart can lead to pathological form of high cardiac output and eventual HEART FAILURE.
Cardiography, Impedance
A type of impedance plethysmography in which bioelectrical impedance is measured between electrodes positioned around the neck and around the lower thorax. It is used principally to calculate stroke volume and cardiac volume, but it is also related to myocardial contractility, thoracic fluid content, and circulation to the extremities.
Stroke Volume
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Dogs
Oxygen Consumption
Catheterization, Swan-Ganz
Placement of a balloon-tipped catheter into the pulmonary artery through the antecubital, subclavian, and sometimes the femoral vein. It is used to measure pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary artery wedge pressure which reflects left atrial pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. The catheter is threaded into the right atrium, the balloon is inflated and the catheter follows the blood flow through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle and out into the pulmonary artery.
Death, Sudden, Cardiac
Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)
Cardiac Catheterization
Cardiac Pacing, Artificial
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.
Heart Ventricles
Monitoring, Physiologic
Myocardium
Heart Diseases
Cardiac Tamponade
Ventricular Function, Left
Echocardiography
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.
Indicator Dilution Techniques
Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena
Oxygen
Central Venous Pressure
Electrocardiography
Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY.
Physical Exertion
Cardiac Volume
Heart Arrest
Carbon Dioxide
Cardiotonic Agents
Models, Cardiovascular
Blood Flow Velocity
Pulmonary Artery
Exercise Test
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).
Echocardiography, Doppler
Pulmonary Wedge Pressure
Cardiovascular System
Respiration
The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).
Pulmonary Gas Exchange
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.
Norepinephrine
Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.
Blood Volume Determination
Method for determining the circulating blood volume by introducing a known quantity of foreign substance into the blood and determining its concentration some minutes later when thorough mixing has occurred. From these two values the blood volume can be calculated by dividing the quantity of injected material by its concentration in the blood at the time of uniform mixing. Generally expressed as cubic centimeters or liters per kilogram of body weight.
Heart Defects, Congenital
Fetal Heart
Reproducibility of Results
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
Hypotension
Splanchnic Circulation
Prospective Studies
Myocardial Infarction
Ventricular Remodeling
Monitoring, Intraoperative
Plethysmography, Impedance
Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Exercise
Myoblasts, Cardiac
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Treatment Outcome
Xylazine
Disease Models, Animal
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Cardiac Imaging Techniques
Sheep
Ventricular Pressure
The pressure within a CARDIAC VENTRICLE. Ventricular pressure waveforms can be measured in the beating heart by catheterization or estimated using imaging techniques (e.g., DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY). The information is useful in evaluating the function of the MYOCARDIUM; CARDIAC VALVES; and PERICARDIUM, particularly with simultaneous measurement of other (e.g., aortic or atrial) pressures.
Fluid Therapy
Indocyanine Green
Epinephrine
The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.
Propranolol
Troponin I
Cardiac Glycosides
Cyclopentanophenanthrenes with a 5- or 6-membered lactone ring attached at the 17-position and SUGARS attached at the 3-position. Plants they come from have long been used in congestive heart failure. They increase the force of cardiac contraction without significantly affecting other parameters, but are very toxic at larger doses. Their mechanism of action usually involves inhibition of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE and they are often used in cell biological studies for that purpose.
Anesthesia
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Dobutamine
Atrial Natriuretic Factor
Hematocrit
Arterial Pressure
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
The artificial substitution of heart and lung action as indicated for HEART ARREST resulting from electric shock, DROWNING, respiratory arrest, or other causes. The two major components of cardiopulmonary resuscitation are artificial ventilation (RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL) and closed-chest CARDIAC MASSAGE.
Hypovolemia
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Ventricular Function, Right
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
Partial Pressure
Isoproterenol
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).
Pacemaker, Artificial
Muscle, Skeletal
Analysis of Variance
Exercise Tolerance
Hypertension
Baroreflex
A response by the BARORECEPTORS to increased BLOOD PRESSURE. Increased pressure stretches BLOOD VESSELS which activates the baroreceptors in the vessel walls. The net response of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM is a reduction of central sympathetic outflow. This reduces blood pressure both by decreasing peripheral VASCULAR RESISTANCE and by lowering CARDIAC OUTPUT. Because the baroreceptors are tonically active, the baroreflex can compensate rapidly for both increases and decreases in blood pressure.
Pressoreceptors
Coronary Artery Bypass
Heart Conduction System
Rats, Wistar
Microspheres
Reference Values
Vascular Capacitance
Postoperative Care
Pericardium
A conical fibro-serous sac surrounding the HEART and the roots of the great vessels (AORTA; VENAE CAVAE; PULMONARY ARTERY). Pericardium consists of two sacs: the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium. The latter consists of an outer parietal layer facing the fibrous pericardium, and an inner visceral layer (epicardium) resting next to the heart, and a pericardial cavity between these two layers.
Echocardiography, Transesophageal
Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio
Autonomic Nervous System
The ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; and SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM taken together. Generally speaking, the autonomic nervous system regulates the internal environment during both peaceful activity and physical or emotional stress. Autonomic activity is controlled and integrated by the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the HYPOTHALAMUS and the SOLITARY NUCLEUS, which receive information relayed from VISCERAL AFFERENTS.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Halothane
A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)
Extracorporeal Circulation
Parainfluenza Virus 5
Plasma Substitutes
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Lower Body Negative Pressure
Reflex
Kidney
Hemodilution
Troponin T
Renin
Heart Block
Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse that can occur anywhere along the conduction pathway, such as between the SINOATRIAL NODE and the right atrium (SA block) or between atria and ventricles (AV block). Heart blocks can be classified by the duration, frequency, or completeness of conduction block. Reversibility depends on the degree of structural or functional defects.
Shock, Septic
Infusions, Intravenous
Fibrosis
Intensive Care
Postoperative Complications
Respiration, Artificial
Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Retrospective Studies
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Follow-Up Studies
Photoplethysmography
Physical Conditioning, Animal
Rabbits
Pulmonary Edema
Ultrasonics
A subfield of acoustics dealing in the radio frequency range higher than acoustic SOUND waves (approximately above 20 kilohertz). Ultrasonic radiation is used therapeutically (DIATHERMY and ULTRASONIC THERAPY) to generate HEAT and to selectively destroy tissues. It is also used in diagnostics, for example, ULTRASONOGRAPHY; ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; and ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, to visually display echoes received from irradiated tissues.
Heart Neoplasms
Electromagnetic Phenomena
Vagus Nerve
The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).
Respiratory Mechanics
Bradycardia
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
Echocardiography, Doppler, Color
Algorithms
Sympathetic Nervous System
The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.
Lactic Acid
Predictive Value of Tests
In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
Models, Biological
Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine
A type of imaging technique used primarily in the field of cardiology. By coordinating the fast gradient-echo MRI sequence with retrospective ECG-gating, numerous short time frames evenly spaced in the cardiac cycle are produced. These images are laced together in a cinematic display so that wall motion of the ventricles, valve motion, and blood flow patterns in the heart and great vessels can be visualized.
Lung
Phenylephrine
Tilt-Table Test
Pulse
Compliance
Adaptation, Physiological
Heart Rate, Fetal
Syncope
A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)
Regulation of sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure: a role for nitric oxide and angiotensin II. (1/847)
The mechanisms by which sympathetic function is augmented in chronic heart failure (CHF) are not well understood. A previous study from this laboratory (Circ Res. 1998;82:496-502) indicated that blockade of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis resulted in only an increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) when plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) levels were elevated. The present study was undertaken to determine if NO reduces RSNA in rabbits with CHF when Ang II receptors are blocked. Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits were instrumented with cardiac dimension crystals, a left ventricular pacing lead, and a pacemaker. After pacing at 360 to 380 bpm for approximately 3 weeks, a renal sympathetic nerve electrode and arterial and venous catheters were implanted. Studies were carried out in the conscious state 3 to 7 days after electrode implantation. The effects of a 1-hour infusion of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 3 microgram . kg-1. min-1) on RSNA and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were determined before and after Ang II blockade with losartan (5 mg/kg) in normal and CHF rabbits. Changes in MAP were readjusted to normal with phenylephrine. Before losartan, SNP evoked a decrease in MAP and an increase in RSNA in both groups that was baroreflex-mediated, because both MAP and RSNA returned to control when phenylephrine was administered. In the normal group, losartan plus SNP caused a reduction in MAP and an increase in RSNA that was 152.6+/-9.8% of control. Phenylephrine returned both MAP and RSNA back to the control levels. However, in the CHF group, losartan plus SNP evoked a smaller change in RSNA for equivalent changes in MAP (117.1+/-4.1% of control). On returning MAP to the control level with phenylephrine, RSNA was reduced to 65.2+/-2.9% of control (P<0. 0001). These data suggest that endogenous Ang II contributes to the sympathoexcitation in the CHF state and that blockade of Ang II receptors plus providing an exogenous source of NO reduces RSNA below the elevated baseline levels. We conclude that both a loss of NO and an increase in Ang II are necessary for sustained increases in sympathetic nerve activity in the CHF state. (+info)The sarcoplasmic reticulum and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger both contribute to the Ca2+ transient of failing human ventricular myocytes. (2/847)
Our objective was to determine the respective roles of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in the small, slowly decaying Ca2+ transients of failing human ventricular myocytes. Left ventricular myocytes were isolated from explanted hearts of patients with severe heart failure (n=18). Cytosolic Ca2+, contraction, and action potentials were measured by using indo-1, edge detection, and patch pipettes, respectively. Selective inhibitors of SR Ca2+ transport (thapsigargin) and reverse-mode Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity (No. 7943, Kanebo Ltd) were used to define the respective contribution of these processes to the Ca2+ transient. Ca2+ transients and contractions induced by action potentials (AP transients) at 0.5 Hz exhibited phasic and tonic components. The duration of the tonic component was determined by the action potential duration. Ca2+ transients induced by caffeine (Caf transients) exhibited only a phasic component with a rapid rate of decay that was dependent on extracellular Na+. The SR Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin abolished the phasic component of the AP Ca2+ transient and of the Caf transient but had no significant effect on the tonic component of the AP transient. The Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibitor No. 7943 eliminated the tonic component of the AP transient and reduced the magnitude of the phasic component. In failing human myocytes, Ca2+ transients and contractions exhibit an SR-related, phasic component and a slow, reverse-mode Na+/Ca2+ exchange-related tonic component. These findings suggest that Ca2+ influx via reverse-mode Na+/Ca2+ exchange during the action potential may contribute to the slow decay of the Ca2+ transient in failing human myocytes. (+info)Peripheral muscle ergoreceptors and ventilatory response during exercise recovery in heart failure. (3/847)
Recent studies have suggested that the increased ventilatory response during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure was related to the activation of muscle metaboreceptors. To address this issue, 23 patients with heart failure and 7 normal subjects performed arm and leg bicycle exercises with and without cuff inflation around the arms or the thighs during recovery. Obstruction slightly reduced ventilation and gas exchange variables at recovery but did not change the kinetics of recovery of these parameters compared with nonobstructed recovery: half-time of ventilation recovery was 175 +/- 54 to 176 +/- 40 s in patients and 155 +/- 66 to 127 +/- 13 s in controls (P < 0.05, patients vs. controls, not significant within each group from baseline to obstructed recovery). We conclude that muscle metaboreceptor activation does not seem to play a role in the exertion hyperventilation of patients with heart failure. (+info)High and low pulmonary vascular resistance in heart transplant candidates. A 5-year follow-up after heart transplantation shows continuous reduction in resistance and no difference in complication rate. (4/847)
BACKGROUND: In heart transplantation candidates, high pulmonary vascular resistance has been found to decrease promptly after heart transplantation without any further reduction during follow-up. Pulmonary hypertension has been described as associated with an increased peri- and postoperative complication rate and mortality. This study describes the evolution of pulmonary vascular resistance and the outcome for patients during 5 years following heart transplantation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Haemodynamic data, complication rate and mortality have been analysed during 5-year follow-up in all patients (n = 80) who were heart transplanted at Sahlgrenska University Hospital from 1988 through 1990. We found a significant and continuous reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance both in patients with a pre-operative high (> 3 Wood Units; n = 36), but reversible on nitroprusside, and pre-operative low (< or = 3 Wood Units; n = 44) pulmonary vascular resistance. A multivariate analysis showed that a pre-operative high mean pulmonary artery and low mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure predicted the decline in pulmonary vascular resistance during 5 years after heart transplantation. The need for a postoperative assist device, complication rate, and early and late mortality were independent of the pre-operative level of pulmonary vascular resistance. CONCLUSIONS: A continuous reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance during 5 years following heart transplantation was found in patients with both high, but reversible, and low pre-operative resistance levels. The outcome and survival were independent of the pre-operative pulmonary vascular resistance level. (+info)Clinical practice guidelines for heart failure. (5/847)
Development of guidelines can be a difficult process; each organization or institution must establish the rules and criteria for including specific therapies and the level of complexity needed. Specific outcomes must be incorporated, including maintenance of comfort and functionality, freedom from hospitalization, and survival. In existing guidelines for the management of heart failure, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy is clearly the gold standard. However, there is still a high mortality with ACE inhibitor therapy; the key may be choosing the right patients. Current guidelines reflect the uncertainty regarding digoxin before the Digitalis Investigation Group (DIG) trial; obviously, these guidelines should be revisited. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of heart failure need to be revised to include a better consensus on beta-blockade, the new data on digoxin, emerging data on angiotensin II receptor antagonists, and current thinking on anticoagulant therapy. (+info)Cost of heart failure to the healthcare system. (6/847)
From an economic, mortality, and functional standpoint, heart failure is clearly a disease that needs to be targeted. We can develop a model for heart failure to determine the impact that specific management strategies will have on the overall cost to the system, which by itself can tell us some interesting things because we're currently spending twice as much on transplantation as on digoxin therapy. We can then use this model to assess the impact of different strategies, such as greater use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or digoxin therapy. (+info)Heart failure and disease management. (7/847)
Disease management is a comprehensive program that identifies a population of patients at risk, provides a coherent framework of coordinated care for these patients, and demonstrates improved outcomes. In applying disease management strategies to heart failure, there is clearly the technology to improve outcomes. The two main issues involved are influencing physician practice patterns and improving patient compliance. A successful disease management program in heart failure should include patient identification patient assessment, patient education and training, patient monitoring, and triage and acute intervention. With the advances in treatment of heart failure, we have the means to keep patients out of the hospital, maintain their functionality, and decrease mortality. The real issue, which is where disease management can help, is how to apply technology in an effective way to turn potential gains into real gains. The key is not to develop more technology, but to implement effectively the technology that exists. (+info)Localization and quantitation of cardiac annexins II, V, and VI in hypertensive guinea pigs. (8/847)
Annexins are characterized by Ca2+-dependent binding to phospholipids. Annexin II mainly participates in cell-cell adhesion and signal transduction, whereas annexins V and VI also seem to regulate intracellular calcium cycling. Their abundance and localization were determined in left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) from hypertensive guinea pigs, during the transition from compensatory hypertrophy to heart failure. Immunoblot analysis of annexins II, V, and VI revealed an increased accumulation (2.6-, 1.45-, and 2.3-fold, respectively) in LV from hypertensive guinea pigs and no modification in RV. Immunofluorescent labeling of annexins II, V, and VI; of Na+-K+-ATPase; and of sarcomeric alpha-actinin showed that in control LV and RV, 1) annexin II is present in nonmuscle cells; 2) annexins V and VI are mainly observed in the sarcolemma and intercalated disks of myocytes; 3) annexins II, V, and VI strongly label endothelial cells and adventitia of coronary arteries; and 4) annexin VI is present in the media. At the onset of heart failure, the most striking changes are the increased protein accumulation in LV and the very strong labeling of annexins II, V, and VI in interstitial tissue, suggesting a role in fibrosis development and cardiac remodeling. (+info)
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Converter with water cooling in the low output range
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Cardiac output
... measures changes in electrical impedance across the thoracic region over the cardiac cycle. Lower impedance indicates greater ... Cardiac input (CI) is the inverse operation of cardiac output. As cardiac output implies the volumetric expression of ejection ... In cardiac physiology, cardiac output (CO), also known as heart output and often denoted by the symbols Q {\displaystyle Q} , Q ... Values for cardiac output are usually denoted as L/min. For a healthy individual weighing 70 kg, the cardiac output at rest ...
Acute liver failure
Increased cardiac output and low systemic vascular resistance are characteristic of ALF. Pulmonary artery catheterization ... There is a compensatory increase in cardiac output. Adrenal insufficiency has been documented in 60% of ALF cases, and is ... The advent of transplantation has changed survival from as low as 15% in the pretransplant era to more than 60% today. Liver ... There must be a low threshold for obtaining frequent cultures (blood, urine, and sputum), chest radiographs, and paracentesis. ...
Allan George Williams Whitfield
Richards, D. G.; Whitfield, A. G.; Arnott, W. M.; Waterhouse, J. A. (1951). "The Lung Volume in Low Output Cardiac Syndromes". ...
ACE inhibitor
... decrease cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke work, and volume; lower resistance in blood vessels in the kidneys; and lead to ... They work by causing relaxation of blood vessels as well as a decrease in blood volume, which leads to lower blood pressure and ... This leads to cardiac dysfunction and neuromuscular consequences, such as muscle weakness, paresthesia, nausea, diarrhea, and ... Yang Y, Ohta K, Shimizu M, Nakai A, Kasahara Y, Yachie A, Koizumi S (Jul 2005). "Treatment with low-dose angiotensin-converting ...
Altitude sickness
Cardiac output increases through an increase in heart rate. The body's response to high altitude includes the following: ↑ ... Descent to lower altitudes alleviates the symptoms of HAPE. HACE is a life-threatening condition that can lead to coma or death ... with constant or increased cardiac output, also leads to increases in capillary pressures. For those with HACE, dexamethasone ... Descent to lower altitudes may save those affected by HACE. Altitude sickness can first occur at 1,500 metres (4,900 ft), with ...
Junctional escape beat
Junctional rhythms (if a bradycardia) can cause decreased cardiac output. Therefore, the person may exhibit signs and symptoms ... similar to other bradycardia such as lightheadedness, dizziness, low blood pressure, and fainting. This rhythm can usually be ... Ectopic beat Junctional rhythm Abedin, Zainul; Conner, Robert (2012). Interpretation of Cardiac Arrhythmias: Self-Assessment ...
High-output heart failure
Ultimately cardiac output can be reduced to very low levels. It may occur in situations with an increased blood volume, morbid ... High-output heart failure is a heart condition that occurs when the cardiac output is higher than normal due to increased ... High Output Cardiac Failure. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2001 Apr;3(2):151-159. PMID 11242561 Causes of High-Output ...
Pacemaker syndrome
Low cardiac output - Fatigue, weakness, dyspnea on exertion, lethargy, and lightheadedness. Hemodynamic - Pulsation in the neck ... of cardiac output, which normally provides only 15% - 25% of cardiac output. Atrial contraction against a closed tricuspid ... That's due to increase in left atrial pressure and left ventricular filling pressure, which is due to decreased cardiac output ... In general, the symptoms of the syndrome are a combination of decreased cardiac output, loss of atrial contribution to ...
Caveolae
"Caveolae protect endothelial cells from membrane rupture during increased cardiac output". Journal of Cell Biology. 211 (1): 53 ... Lim, Ye-Wheen; Lo, Harriet P.; Ferguson, Charles; Martel, Nick; Giacomotto, Jean; Gomez, Guillermo A.; Yap, Alpha S.; Hall, ... Lo, Harriet P; Hall, Thomas E; Parton, Robert G (13 January 2016). "Mechanoprotection by skeletal muscle caveolae". ... Lo, Harriet P; Hall, Thomas E; Parton, Robert G (2 January 2016). "Mechanoprotection by skeletal muscle caveolae". ...
Quantium Medical Cardiac Output
During mechanical ventilation the goal is to maintain SVV between 10 and 15%, higher values along with a low SV may indicate ... The assessment of Cardiac Output (CO) is important because it reveals the main cardiac function: the supply of blood to tissues ... quantium Medical Cardiac Output (qCO) uses impedance cardiography in a simple, continuous, and non-invasive way to estimate the ... Hofer, C.K.; Ganter, M.T.; Zollinger, A. (2007). "What technique should I use to measure cardiac output?". Curr. Opin. Crit. ...
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Cardiac output is dependent on stroke volume and heart rate. A significant portion (55-77%) of HFpEF patients are unable to ... Beta-blockers are the first-line therapy: they lower the heart rate and thus give more time for ventricles to fill. They may ... As a consequence, cardiac output becomes diminished. When the left ventricular diastolic pressure is elevated, venous pressure ... Volumetric definition of the heart in systole was first described by Adolph Fick as cardiac output. Fick may be readily and ...
Sepsis
... low blood pressure due to decreased systemic vascular resistance, higher cardiac output, and disorders in blood-clotting that ... The presence of low blood pressure, high blood lactate, or low urine output may suggest poor blood flow. Septic shock is low ... low urine output or no urine output, electrolyte abnormalities, or volume overload Heart: systolic and diastolic heart failure ... Dobutamine can also be used in hypotensive septic shock to increase cardiac output and correct blood flow to the tissues. ...
Taxine alkaloids
Cardiac and cardiovascular effects: Arrhythmia - Irregular heartbeats leading to lower cardiac output; itself a very severe ... With lower doses, mild inflammation may be seen in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Some animals are immune to the effects of ... An artificial cardiac pacemaker can also be installed to control the heartbeat. Other treatments are useful to treat the other ... If the poisoning is severe and not treated: Loss of consciousness - Lack of oxygen due to low blood pressure and respiratory ...
Obstructive shock
In both types, the heart's output of blood (cardiac output) is decreased. This causes a back-up of blood into the veins ... As in all types of shock, low blood pressure is a key finding in patients with obstructive shock. In response to low blood ... cardiac output drops. Hypotension and shock ensue. If not rapidly treated, it can lead to cardiac arrest and death. A pulmonary ... With the decrease cardiac output, blood flow to vital tissues is decreased. Poor perfusion to organs leads to shock. Due to ...
Transurethral resection of the prostate syndrome
Plasma expansion may be necessary if hypotension and low cardiac output develop.[citation needed] Asymptomaic Hyponatraemia ...
Atrial fibrillation
The rapid uncoordinated heart rate may result in reduced output of blood pumped by the heart (cardiac output), resulting in ... For this reason, when determining the heart rate in AF, direct cardiac auscultation is recommended. Low blood pressure is most ... Due to inadequate cardiac output, individuals with AF may also complain of lightheadedness. AF can cause respiratory distress ... Additionally, people should not engage in strenuous physical activity - to maintain a low heart rate and low blood pressure - ...
Breath-holding spell
... low levels of oxygen). There is increased intrathoracic pressure and decreased cardiac output following the Valsalva maneuver. ... An electrocardiogram (ECG) may rule out cardiac arrhythmia as a cause. There is some evidence that children with anemia ( ... Physiologically, there is often hypocapnea (low levels of carbon dioxide) and usually hypoxia ( ... a serious but treatable form of cardiac arrhythmia. Leung, Alexander K.C.; Leung, Amy A.M.; Wong, Alex H.C.; Hon, Kam Lun (2019 ...
Miguel Induráin
His cardiac output was 50 litres a minute; a fit amateur cyclist's is about 25 litres. Induráin's lung capacity was 7.8 litres ... His resting pulse was as low as 28 BPM, compared to an average 60-72 bpm, which meant his heart would be less strained in the ... His maximal values were oxygen uptake 5.29 L/min (57.4 mL · kg-1 · min-1) and aerobic power output 450 W (4.88 W/kg) and was ... However, his absolute maximal and submaximal oxygen uptake and power output in 2012 still compared favorably with those ...
Diaphragmatic rupture
As venous return determines cardiac output, this results in a reduction of cardiac output. If ventilation of the lung on the ... Chest X-ray is known to be unreliable in diagnosing diaphragmatic rupture; it has low sensitivity and specificity for the ... Clinicians are trained to suspect diaphragmatic rupture particularly if penetrating trauma has occurred to the lower chest or ... penetrating injuries as high as the third rib and as low as the twelfth have been found to injure the diaphragm. Iatrogenic ...
Hydrochlorothiazide
This initially reduces blood volume, decreasing blood return to the heart and thus cardiac output. It is believed to lower ... low magnesium), hyponatremia (low sodium), and hypercalcemia (high calcium) Hyperuricemia (high levels of uric acid in the ... Hypokalemia, or low blood levels of potassium are an occasional side effect. It can be usually prevented by potassium ... Potential side effects include poor kidney function; electrolyte imbalances, including low blood potassium, and, less commonly ...
Pulmonary artery catheter
The ability of the pulmonary artery catheter to sample mixed venous blood is of great utility to manage low cardiac output ... High oxygen extraction is associated with low cardiac output and decreased mixed venous oxygen saturation. Except during ... The concept of using thermodilution to measure cardiac output was originally the idea of Arnost Fronek. As a former colleague ... Regardless of the value obtained by measurements of the cardiac output, the mixed venous oxygen saturation is an accurate ...
Inferior vena cava syndrome
Pregnancy leads to high venous pressure in the lower limbs, decreased blood return to the heart, decreased cardiac output due ... This is caused by the decreased preload, decreased cardiac output, and leads to increased frequency. In pregnant women, signs ... Edema of the lower extremities (peripheral edema), caused by an increase in the venous blood pressure. Tachycardia. ...
Near-infrared spectroscopy
Indeed, NIRS is able to measure venous oxygen saturation (SVO2), which is determined by the cardiac output, as well as other ... However, as a quantitative tool, the lower molar absorption levels in the region tended to keep absorption maxima "on-scale", ... examining the NIRS provides critical care physicians with an estimate of the cardiac output. NIRS is favoured by patients, ... NIRS is starting to be used in pediatric critical care, to help manage patients following cardiac surgery. ...
Chlortalidone
Initially, diuretics lower blood pressure by decreasing cardiac output and reducing plasma and extracellular fluid volume. ... Eventually, cardiac output returns to normal, and plasma and extracellular fluid volume return to slightly less than normal, ... Other adverse effects may include gout, low blood magnesium, high blood calcium, allergic reactions, and low blood pressure. ... Common adverse effects include low blood potassium, low blood sodium, high blood sugar, dizziness, and erectile dysfunction. ...
Pulse
It may be due to low cardiac output (as seen in shock, congestive cardiac failure), hypovolemia, valvular heart disease (such ... Conditions associated with low cardiac output and high systemic vascular resistance can produce a dicrotic pulse. Pulsus ... increased cardiac output, increased stroke volume (as seen in anxiety, exercise, complete heart block, aortic regurgitation), ... A low tension pulse (pulsus mollis), the vessel is soft or impalpable between beats. In high tension pulse (pulsus durus), ...
Penbutolol
Blocking β adrenergic receptors decreases the heart rate and cardiac output to lower arterial blood pressure. β blockers also ... Penbutolol has a low frequency of side effects. These side effects include dizziness, light headedness, and nausea. Penbutolol ... It may mask signs of low blood sugar in people with diabetes and it may mask signs of hyperthyroidism. Animal studies showed ... decrease renin levels, which ultimately results in less water being reabsorbed by the kidneys and therefore a lower blood ...
Eccentric training
Eccentric contractions and cardiac output: With lower cost of oxygen how would eccentric exercise affect the heart? A study was ... Due to the high strain on muscles during eccentric training, coupled with low energy output, eccentric training becomes a ... The rehabilitative nature, low energy costs, high magnitudes of force, and low uptake of oxygen all align eccentric exercise ... and low oxygen demand make low-intensity eccentric exercise ideal for the elderly. Eccentric contraction and oxygen consumption ...
Stimulus (physiology)
... and cardiac output are measured by stretch receptors found in the carotid arteries. Nerves embed themselves within these ... Hypovolemia, or low fluid levels in the body, can also act as a stimulus to cause this response. Epinephrine, also known as ... Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is a large driving force for the release of vasopressin, a hormone which causes the ... These impulses inhibit the constriction of blood vessels and lower the heart rate. If these nerves do not detect stretching, ...
Labile hypertension
Patients who have labile hypertension may have higher cardiac output and lower total peripheral resistance than others. ... The effect of taking beta blockers can help lower the heart rate as well as help improve the blood flow by opening up the blood ... By reducing alcohol intake, the systolic blood pressure will lower by 2-4mm Hg and the diastolic blood pressure by 1-2 mm Hg.[ ... Electrodes are placed on the surface of the skin and connected to the amplifier to detect electrical changes in the cardiac ...
Ischemic colitis
... of the total cardiac output. If blood flow to the colon drops by more than about 50%, ischemia will develop. The arteries ... Causes of the reduced blood flow can include changes in the systemic circulation (e.g. low blood pressure) or local factors ... If possible, cardiac function and oxygenation should be optimized to improve oxygen delivery to the ischemic bowel. A ... As a result, during periods of low blood pressure, the arteries feeding the colon clamp down vigorously; a similar process can ...
Obstetric ultrasonography
... as low as possible, preferably below 1 in accordance with the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle. Donald, I; ... 2007). "A comparison between acoustic output indices in 2D and 3D/4D ultrasound in obstetrics". Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 29 ( ... including number of amnionic sacs and chorionic sacs for multiple gestations Fetal cardiac activity Fetal position relative to ... the AIUM recommends using M-mode at first because the time-averaged acoustic intensity delivered to the fetus is lower with M- ...
Diseases of poverty
Both low income and low education were predictors of coronary heart disease, a subset of cardiovascular disease. Of those ... In the developing world, there is a 10 fold increase in cardiac events in the black and urban populations. While cancer affects ... HIV can negatively affect work output, which impacts the ability to generate income. This is crucial in parts of Africa where ... Generally, low-income populations, whether they live in high-income countries or in low-middle income countries (LMIC) suffer ...
Sympathoadrenal system
This "sympathoadrenal discharge" causes an increase in heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure, triglyceride and glucose ... In exercise trained individuals, levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine are lower compared to those who do not actively train ... This explains the need for exercise to help increase the body's metabolism.[citation needed] Hypoglycemia, or low blood glucose ... The sympathoadrenal system activity is significantly reduced because the changed glycemic threshold allows for lower glucose ...
Blood doping
The cardiac output of an athlete is difficult to manipulate during competitions and the distribution of cardiac output is at ... At physiologically low PaO2 around 40 mmHg, EPO is released from the kidneys to increase hemoglobin transportation. The ... depends on cardiac output, O2 extraction and hemoglobin mass. ... which is still lower than that of whole blood in normal ... and lower lactic acid generation in anaerobic activity. HBOCs have been shown in trials to be extremely dangerous in humans. ...
Photonic integrated circuit
... is an ideal modulator for low loss mode. It is highly effective at matching fibre input-output due to its low index and broad ... This way, medical specialists are able to measure both cardiac output and circulating blood volume from outside the body. ... due to their comparatively low losses and low thermal sensitivity, GaAs or InP based PICs allow the direct integration of light ... The lowest propagation losses reported in SiN (0.1 dB/cm down to 0.1 dB/m) have been achieved by LioniX International's TriPleX ...
Cardiac catheterization
... a hemodynamic parameter that relates the cardiac output to a patient's body size. Determination of cardiac output can be done ... Abrupt increases in oxygen saturation support a left-to-right shunt and lower than normal systemic arterial oxygen saturation ... For example, in aortic valve area calculation the Gorlin equation can be used to calculate the area if the cardiac output, ... Right heart catheterizations also allow the physician to estimate the cardiac output, the amount of blood that flows from the ...
Physiological effects in space
Buderer, MC; Rummel, JA; Sawin, CF; Mauldin, DG (July 1973). "Use of the single-breth method of estimating cardiac output ... Upper and lower limb volumes obtained on the three crewmembers of Skylab 4 are shown in figure 6-2. Fluid shifts contributed ... This, the observed diminished stroke volume (cardiac output) is certainly contributory and, in turn, is a reflection of ... For Apollo 15 to 17 missions, cardiac output measurements were obtained by the single-breath technique. Arteriovenous oxygen ...
Liver support system
Cardiac output and heart rate also decreased in the MARS group as a consequence of an improvement in the hyperdynamic ... vasodilatation triggers the production of endogenous vasoactive substances that produce renal vasoconstriction and low ...
Frank-Starling law
If this mechanism did not exist and the right and left cardiac outputs were not equivalent, blood would accumulate in the ... In contrast, the relaxed sarcomere length of cardiac muscle cells, in a resting ventricle, is lower than the optimal length for ... The Frank-Starling mechanism allows the cardiac output to be synchronized with the venous return, arterial blood supply and ... The mechanism is of functional importance because it serves to adapt left ventricular output to right ventricular output. ...
Healthcare in Malawi
Challenges that lead to this shortage are low outputs of medical training institutions, health worker retention, and disease. ... In April 2012, the then State President had a cardiac arrest which resulted to his death due to lack of medication both within ... Malawi has the lowest ranking on health system among countries which are not affected by civil wars, however the medical ... In 2005, Malawi began to implement its emergency human resource program which concentrates on increasing output of trained ...
MRI artifact
The windows of time where the respiratory and cardiac motions are low are very infrequent, leading to high dead times. However ... Specific to motion artifact correction in MRI, the Generator Network takes in an image with motion artifacts, and outputs an ... This is commonly done by using a pulse oximeter or EKG sensor to read a cardiac signal and/or a bellows to read the breathing ... An example of this could be acquiring an MRI slice only when the lung capacity is low (i.e. between large breaths). Gating is a ...
Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
Echocardiogram abnormalities and cardiac catheterization or angiogram to rule out coronary artery blockages, along with a ... a low sodium diet, and fluid restriction, as well as medications. Medications may include ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and ... frothy material Decreased urine output (oliguria) Need to urinate at night (nocturia) Heart palpitations (irregular heart beat ...
Nuestra Belleza Latina 2011
Another week cardiac output Paulette Acosta, Giselle dancing with the girls and the pace of Tito el Bambino marked the sixth ... Diana Cano Rodolfo Jimenez teamed up to dance with "One More Night" by J Lo. Near the end of a round of introductions was the ... Among the two, Darla received the second lowest number of votes, landing her in the bottom two. Diana was saved by default. ^ ... Jocell Villa received the lowest score, followed by Nicole Suarez and Diana Cano. Nicole Suarez and Jocell Villa were in front ...
Acute inhalation injury
Gas exchange is affected by increases in the dispersion of both alveolar ventilation and cardiac output because bronchial and ... often reaching the lower airways. These agents are less likely to produce early warning signs (phosgene in low concentrations ... In low concentrations, phosgene's odor resembles freshly cut hay or grass. Because of this, the gas may not be noticed and ... 2007) Evolution of lower respiratory symptoms in New York police officers after 9/11: a prospective longitudinal study. Occup ...
Management of atrial fibrillation
... and decreased exercise tolerance are related to rapid heart rate and inefficient cardiac output caused by AF. Furthermore, AF ... Thus, those categorised as 'low risk' using CHA2DS2-VASc score were 'truly low risk' for thromboembolism, and consistent with ... Those at a low risk may benefit from mild (and low-risk) anticoagulation with aspirin (or clopidogrel in those who are allergic ... During cardiac catheterization, a device (such as the Watchman device) consisting of an expandable nitinol frame is introduced ...
Circadian rhythm
Boothroyd CE, Young MW (2008). "The in(put)s and out(put)s of the Drosophila circadian clock". Annals of the New York Academy ... December 2002). "Low-dose ultraviolet B rays alter the mRNA expression of the circadian clock genes in cultured human ... Martino, Tami A.; Young, Martin E. (June 2015). "Influence of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock on cardiac physiology and ... Both the PRC and the required illuminance vary from species to species, and lower light levels are required to reset the clocks ...
Skin temperature
... in which significant portions of cardiac output are directed to the skin), lowered skinfold thickness (contributes to ... Lower temperatures are characteristically observed in proximity to superficial veins, relative to superficial arteries, and ... Internal body heat is released to the environment at a greater rate with low skin temperature, as heat follows temperature ... Babies suffering from hypothermia will experience low skin temperatures despite appearing healthy otherwise. Heat loss from the ...
Ectopic pacemaker
Elevated sympathetic nervous system output Overstimulation from drugs such as caffeine digitalis and catecholamines Cardiac ... the lower rhythm having escaped from the dominance of the upper rhythm. As a rule, premature ectopic beats (i.e. with a shorter ... Cardiac ectopy Clinical cardiac electrophysiology Electrical conduction system of the heart Phibbs, B. (1963). "Paroxysmal ... It is thus a cardiac pacemaker that is ectopic, producing an ectopic beat. Acute occurrence is usually non-life-threatening, ...
End-systolic volume
ESV is the lowest volume of blood in the ventricle at any point in the cardiac cycle. The main factors that affect the end- ... or output of blood by the heart during a single phase of the cardiac cycle. The stroke volume is the difference between the end ... End systolic volume can be used clinically as a measurement of the adequacy of cardiac emptying, related to systolic function. ... Clinically, ESV can be measured using two-dimensional echocardiography, MRI (magnetic resonance tomography) or cardiac CT ( ...
Chionodraco rastrospinosus
... wider capillaries and significantly increased blood volume and cardiac output. Tokyo Sea Life Park holds the only captive fish ... They compensate for this loss by having lower metabolic rates, larger gills, scaleless skin that can contribute more to gas ...
Apparent death
Others think sharks have a series of compensatory mechanisms that work to increase respiration rates and lower stress. It has ... Nishino, H. (2004). "Motor output characterizing thanatosis in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus". Journal of Experimental ... "Proven cardiac changes during death-feigning (tonic immobility) in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)". Journal of Comparative ... hens on the top tier of tiered battery cages are more fearful than those on the lower levels, hens carried by hand are more ...
Arthropods in culture
Crustaceans are an important source of food, providing nearly 10,700,000 tons in 2007; the vast majority of this output is of ... The peptide GsMtx-4, found in the venom, has been studied for possible use in cardiac arrhythmia, muscular dystrophy, and ... Ortega-Hernández, J. (2016). "Making sense of 'lower' and 'upper' stem-group Euarthropoda, with comments on the strict use of ... Possible medical uses for other spider venoms have been investigated for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia, Alzheimer's ...
MicroRNA
In NSCLC samples, low miR-324a levels may serve as an indicator of poor survival. Either high miR-185 or low miR-133b levels ... Baek D, Villén J, Shin C, Camargo FD, Gygi SP, Bartel DP (September 2008). "The impact of microRNAs on protein output". Nature ... van Rooij E, Sutherland LB, Qi X, Richardson JA, Hill J, Olson EN (April 2007). "Control of stress-dependent cardiac growth and ... The other strand, called the passenger strand due to its lower levels in the steady state, is denoted with an asterisk (*) and ...
Saparmurat Niyazov
The government has used central planning, such as state control of production and procurement, direct bank credits with low ... Niyazov continued the old practice of demanding yearly quotas in agricultural output, and then blaming and/or sacking deputy ... Niyazov had publicly announced that he had been taking heart medication for the past few years for an unidentified cardiac ... Turkmenistan had the lowest life expectancy in Central Asia. Global Witness, a London-based human rights organisation, reported ...
Antihypotensive agent
... and the third class increase cardiac output - dopamine, dobutamine. If low blood pressure is due to blood loss, then ... that tends to raise low blood pressure. Some antihypotensive drugs act as vasoconstrictors to increase total peripheral ... Betamethasone Fludrocortisone Positive inotropic agents Cardiac glycosides Strophantin K Convallatoxin Digoxin PDE3 inhibitors ...
Stethoscope
The left shift to a lower resonant frequency increases the volume of some low frequency sounds due to the longer waves ... Some electronic stethoscopes feature direct audio output that can be used with an external recording device, such as a laptop ... Mc Loughlin MJ and Mc Loughlin S. Cardiac auscultation: Preliminary findings of a pilot study using continuous Wave Doppler and ... The bell transmits low frequency sounds, while the diaphragm transmits higher frequency sounds. To deliver the acoustic energy ...
Apicoaortic Conduit
Should a thrombus form on the bioprosthetic valve in the bypass conduit, it will likely migrate to the lower half of the body ... 60% to 70% of the heart's output flows through the bypass to the aorta. The load on the heart is markedly reduced, and symptoms ... Cardiac surgery). ... Blood continues to flow to the body's lower half through the ... ascending aortas Have large or small aortic annular diameters Have low coronary ostia (these are the inlets to the left and ...
Electrochemical skin conductance
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) describes a dysfunction of the ANS and its regulation of the cardiovascular system. CAN is ... 4 combinations of 15 different low DC voltages are applied. The resulting Electrochemical Skin Conductances (ESC) for each hand ... measures sweat production based on a color change in a cobalt II compound from blue to pink to produce a categorical output, ... There are several other clinical tests available to assess sudomotor and/or small fiber function and/or peripheral or cardiac ...
PAX3
Heart malformations also result from the loss of cardiac neural crest cells, which normally contribute to the cardiac outflow ... a low-grade adult malignancy associated with both myogenic and neural differentiation. MAML3 encodes a transcriptional ... of activated downstream target genes suggesting that the cell environment has an important role in modulating the output of ...
Glucose-insulin-potassium reduces the incidence of low cardiac output episodes after aortic valve replacement for aortic...
Dive into the research topics of Glucose-insulin-potassium reduces the incidence of low cardiac output episodes after aortic ... T1 - Glucose-insulin-potassium reduces the incidence of low cardiac output episodes after aortic valve replacement for aortic ... Glucose-insulin-potassium reduces the incidence of low cardiac output episodes after aortic valve replacement for aortic ... Glucose-insulin-potassium reduces the incidence of low cardiac output episodes after aortic valve replacement for aortic ...
ATI - Decreased Cardiac Output Flashcards | Quizlet
3. Atrial pressure & decreased kick in all the above-A-FIb, Dys, low venous return ... Structural, functional cardiac disorder that impairs the heart to fill with or eject blood.. Primary cause L sided is LDCA. ... Cardiac glycoside-Dig. Medical TX: ventricular assist device (Intra-aortic balloon pump) ... Watch for R on T (cardiac event-ventric stimulus causes premature depoalrization of cells that havent completely repolarized. ...
End-tidal carbon dioxide during extremely low cardiac output<...
A number of studies have shown that expired CO2 concentration is closely related to cardiac output, but that cardiac output was ... A number of studies have shown that expired CO2 concentration is closely related to cardiac output, but that cardiac output was ... A number of studies have shown that expired CO2 concentration is closely related to cardiac output, but that cardiac output was ... A number of studies have shown that expired CO2 concentration is closely related to cardiac output, but that cardiac output was ...
Low-Cost Cardiac Output Monitor - NODE.Health
Levosimendan not effective in reducing postoperative low cardiac output syndrome in select heart surgery patients | 2 Minute...
... or renal replacement therapy in patients with low ejection fraction undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with ... Levosimendan not effective in reducing postoperative low cardiac output syndrome in select heart surgery patients. byQasim ... Overall, the results of this study suggest levosimendan does not help reduce the risk of low cardiac output failure in patients ... While current management of low cardiac output syndrome includes use of inotropic agents or left ventricular assist devices, ...
RTECS:PB6125000 - Methane, trichlorofluoro- - The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances | CDC/NIOSH
lowest published toxic concentration: 289500 mg/m3/2M. Cardiac: Cardiac output. Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in ... Cardiac: Change in rate. AEHLAU 30,353,1975. inhalation/Dog lowest published toxic concentration: 868500 mg/m3/10M. Cardiac: ... Lowest published lethal concentration: 22 pph/10M. Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP. Cardiac: Change in conduction ... lowest published toxic concentration: 100 pph/10M. Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above. Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased ...
Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease Workup: Approach Considerations, Echocardiography, Chest Radiography
Cardiac output. May be normal, low, or high. Mostly decreased, may be low normal ... Cardiac Catheterization. Interestingly, a clue to the diagnosis of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is the inability to ... The development of acute fulminant pulmonary edema, and even death, has been reported with infusion of even a very low dose of ... offers very little additional clinically relevant information when ventilation-perfusion scan findings are normal or show a low ...
BEHANDLUNG DES LOW-CARDIAC-OUTPUT-SYNDROMS BEI NEUGEBORENEN UND KINDERN<...
title = "BEHANDLUNG DES LOW-CARDIAC-OUTPUT-SYNDROMS BEI NEUGEBORENEN UND KINDERN",. abstract = "A refractory low-cardiac-output ... All non-responders succumbed due to refractory low-cardiac-output syndrome, while only one responder died in low-cardiac-output ... All non-responders succumbed due to refractory low-cardiac-output syndrome, while only one responder died in low-cardiac-output ... All non-responders succumbed due to refractory low-cardiac-output syndrome, while only one responder died in low-cardiac-output ...
Pediatric Malignant Pericardial Effusion Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications
Characteristic features of cardiac tamponade are as follows:. * Low cardiac output. * Elevated central venous pressures ... Primary cardiac malignancy presents as unresponsive heart failure. In rare instances, cardiac tamponade may be the initial ... Evaluation of cardiac tumors with magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol. 2005 Jul. 15(7):1446-55. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Cardiac tamponade. A clinical or an echocardiographic diagnosis?. Circulation. 1993 May. 87(5):1738-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...
The patient with diabetes mellitus and heart failure: at-risk issues
dobutamine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
Low Cardiac Output (Off-label). 2-20 mcg/kg/min IV or IO; titrate to desired effect; not to exceed 40 mcg/kg/min ... Strong beta1 and weak beta2/alpha effects, resulting in increased cardiac output, blood pressure, and heart rate, as well as ... During administration of dobutamine, monitor blood pressure continuously; pulmonary wedge pressure and cardiac output should be ... Cardiac Decompensation. 0.5-1 mcg/kg/min IV continuous infusion initially, then 2-20 mcg/kg/min; not to exceed 40 mcg/kg/min ...
Early Mobilization of Patients Receiving Vasoactive Drugs in... : Journal of Acute Care Physical Therapy
Ventricular arrhythmias, severe hypertension, cardiac ischemia, sudden cardiac death. Milrinone. Low cardiac output. Bolus. 50 ... Low cardiac output, unresponsive to atropine or pacing. 2-20 μg/kg/min (maximum 40 μg/kg/min). Tachycardia, increased ... Low-, moderate-, and high-dose classification mentioned.. 299. In bed exercises = 41 occasions (15 patients on low dose; 24 ... Vasoactive drugs consist of inotropes, which increase cardiac output through enhanced myocardial contractility, and ...
Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicity: Initial Check | Environmental Medicine | ATSDR
Low cardiac output (i.e. hypocalcemia, cardiomyopathies). *Impaired Oxygen Diffusion *Pulmonary edema (i.e. left sided ... Cardiac anomalies (i.e. tetralogy of fallot, transposition of the great arteries, truncus arteriosus, total anomalous pulmonary ... Physical examination of the infant is negative for cardiac murmurs and abnormalities on lung auscultation. You note a below ...
DObutamine CompaREd to MIlrinone for Low Cardiac Output and Cardiogenic Shock in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: The CAPITAL...
DObutamine CompaREd to MIlrinone for Low Cardiac Output and Cardiogenic Shock in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: The CAPITAL ... DObutamine CompaREd to MIlrinone for Low Cardiac Output and Cardiogenic Shock in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: The CAPITAL ... In this study, patients with significant impairment in their heart pumping function with evidence of low blood flow to critical ... In these patients with significantly impaired pumping function, medications known as inotropes can be given in a cardiac ...
In emergently ventilated trauma patients, low end-tidal CO2and low cardiac output are associated and correlate with hemodynamic...
CO was lower with major blood loss (1.9), than without major loss (5.0; P = 0.0008). Low PetCO2 was associated with low CO (P & ... Low CO was associated (P ≤ 0.0059) with ISS > 20, hypotension, bradycardia, major blood loss, abnormal pupils, cardiac ... and cardiac output (CO) had a positive association in emergently intubated trauma patients during Emergency Department ... lt; 0.0001). Low PetCO2 was associated (P ≤ 0.0012) with ISS > 20, hypotension, bradycardia, major blood loss, abnormal ...
Prophylactic levosimendan for the prevention of low cardiac output syndrome and mortality in paediatric patients undergoing...
Prophylactic levosimendan for the prevention of low cardiac output syndrome and mortality in paediatric patients undergoing ... TY - ELEC T1 - Prophylactic levosimendan for the prevention of low cardiac output syndrome and mortality in paediatric patients ... Prophylactic levosimendan for the prevention of low cardiac output syndrome and mortality in paediatric patients undergoing ... Prophylactic levosimendan for the prevention of low cardiac output syndrome and mortality in paediatric patients undergoing ...
Glucose-insulin-potassium reduces the incidence of low cardiac output episodes after aortic valve replacement for aortic...
The primary outcome was the incidence of low cardiac output syndrome. Left ventricular biopsies were analyzed to assess changes ... GIK treatment was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of low cardiac output state (odds ratio, 0.22; 95% ... Perioperative treatment with GIK was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of low cardiac output state and ... The primary outcome was the incidence of low cardiac output syndrome. Left ventricular biopsies were analyzed to assess changes ...
Congestive Heart Failure | Heart Failure | CHF | MedlinePlus
ClinicalTrials.gov: Cardiac Output, Low (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Heart Failure (National ... Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) (American Heart Association) * Digoxin: A Medicine for Heart Problems (American Academy ... Cardiac Asthma: What Causes It? (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish ... Also called: Cardiac failure, CHF, Congestive heart failure, Left-sided heart failure, Right-sided heart failure ...
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2008 MeSH
Cardiac Output G9.330.553.400.280 G9.330.553.660.124. Cardiac Output, High C23.888.176. Cardiac Output, Low C23.888.192. ... Death, Sudden, Cardiac C14.280.67.441. Decidua A16.759.289 A16.710.289. Deciduoma A16.759.289.500 A16.710.289.500. Defensins ... Edema, Cardiac C23.888.277.197. Egg Yolk A16.631.325 A16.690.325. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome C14.907.934.240 C14.907.454.240. ... Myoblasts, Cardiac A10.690.637.500 A10.690.552.750.500. Myocardial Infarction C14.907.553.355.500 C14.907.585.500. C14.907. ...
Phosphine | Medical Management Guidelines | Toxic Substance Portal | ATSDR
Cardiovascular manifestations include hypotension, reduction in cardiac output, tachycardia, irregular heart beat, or cardiac ... If exposure levels are determined to be safe, decontamination may be conducted by personnel wearing a lower level of protection ... As a result, effects may include hypotension, reduction in cardiac output, tachycardia, oliguria, anuria, cyanosis, pulmonary ... Cardiac sensitizing agents may be appropriate; however, the use of cardiac sensitizing agents after exposure to certain ...
Human Growth Hormone (HGH)
Call Transcript: June 30, 2016|Clinicians Outreach and Outreach Communication (COCA)
It goes through roller pumps that acts as the cardiac output. And you can dial up and down liters per minute flow. And then it ... And so this is frequently just maintained at a low level. And people become exposed to hantavirus through activities that bring ... So we have to support the cardiac status. So this is just like cardiac bypass. Well put large bore cannulas in the femoral ... So with monitoring their PaO2 to FiO2 to ratios, monitoring their cardiac index, their lactate which could be a marker of ...
Mechanical Circulatory Support in the New Era: An Overview
Acute kidney injury in septua- and octogenarians after cardiac surgery | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders | Full Text
The high incidence of AKI in septua- and octogenarians after cardiac surgery should prompt the use of RIFLE criteria to ... Perioperative mortality was predicted with the logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE). ... The RIFLE criteria allow identifying patients with AKI after cardiac surgery. ... and octogenarians undergo cardiac surgery. Acute kidney injury (AKI) still is a frequent complication after surgery. We ...
Malcolm MacDonald | Stanford Medicine
The majority of these patients had normal cardiac output and well-maintained RV function. There may be a higher risk for early ... Fenestration rate was lower (P = .001) in the no-oxygenator group (8%) than in the oxygenator group (25%). Patients in the no- ... The majority of these patients had normal cardiac output and well-maintained RV function. There may be a higher risk for early ... The majority of these patients had normal cardiac output and well-maintained RV function. There may be a higher risk for early ...
Heart Attacks During and After Pregnancy
This, coupled with an increased heart rate, a cardiac output 40 to 50 percent higher than normal, and the added weight from the ... Salt Substitutes May Help Lower the Risk of Heart Attack, Stroke. Researchers say using salt substitutes can lower the sodium ... During pregnancy, theres an increase in maternal blood volume, cardiac output, and heart rate. The arteries dilate to ... Understanding the Difference Between a Heart Attack and a Cardiac Arrest. A heart attack occurs when blood stops flowing to the ...
Early predictors of perinatal brain damage: the role of neurobiomarkers
... by intra-operative low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS), Abella et al. found lower AM in LCOS infants. At a 27 pg/L cut-off, AM ... Adrenomedullin alterations related to cardiopulmonary bypass in infants with low cardiac output syndrome. J Matern Fetal ... It is noteworthy that the cost/benefit of each biochemical marker is lower than that of any of the standard monitoring ... Jonsson H, Johnsson P, Hoglund P, Alling C, Blomquist S. Elimination of S100B and renal function after cardiac surgery. J ...
Elias Botvinick, MD | The Center for Health and Community
Volume loading improves low cardiac output in experimental right ventricular infarction.. Journal of the American College of ... Measurement of cardiac output by cine computed tomography.. The American journal of cardiology ... term progression of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in patients with orthotopic heart transplantation using quantitative cardiac ... Assessment of cardiac anatomy using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.. Journal of the American College of Cardiology ...