Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous
Umbilicus
Carcinoma
Microsatellite Instability
Gastrectomy
Rare Diseases
Immunohistochemistry
Mucins
Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf
Cadherins
Pyloric Antrum
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
Neoplasm Staging
Colorectal Neoplasms
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
ras Proteins
Loss of Heterozygosity
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
Histocytochemistry
Prognosis
Alcian Blue
Signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach: a clinicopathological comparison with the other histological types. (1/223)
A retrospective analysis was carried out on 93 patients with signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach operated on between 1985 and 1995, to review the clinicopathologic characteristics from the database of gastric cancer at Sendai National Hospital. The results were compared with those for 590 patients with other types of gastric carcinoma. Women were afflicted as commonly as men in the signet ring cell carcinoma group. These patients tended to be younger and to have larger tumors. The histological type was commonly scirrhous and infiltrative. The survival of patients with signet ring cell carcinoma was worse than that of patients with other types of gastric cancer but the difference was not statistically significant. Patients with early signet ring cell carcinoma had a good prognosis, similar to that of the other groups. However, prognosis of patients with advanced signet ring cell carcinoma was poor compared with patients with other types of this disease. In multivariate analysis, the statistical significant prognostic factors were vascular microinvasion and tumor location. These findings suggest that signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach should be regarded as a distinct type of gastric cancer. (+info)alpha-catenin-deficient F9 cells differentiate into signet ring cells. (2/223)
It has been demonstrated that alpha-catenin is frequently lost in diffuse type adenocarcinomas. We have isolated alpha-catenin-deficient mouse teratocarcinoma F9 cells by gene targeting. Wild-type F9 cell aggregates cultured in the presence of retinoic acid differentiated into embryoid bodies with an outer layer of epithelial cells. In contrast, cell aggregates of alpha-catenin-deficient cells did not develop outer layers under the same conditions. The outer surface cells of alpha-catenin-deficient cell aggregates, however, differentiated into epithelial cells as determined by their expression of epithelial marker proteins. These differentiated cells scattered from aggregates and showed signet ring cell morphology, which is frequently observed in diffuse type adenocarcinomas. We have provided clear evidence that a single mutation in the alpha-catenin gene may be a direct cause not only of the scattered properties of cells but also of signet ring cell formation in diffuse type adenocarcinoma. (+info)Chylothorax, chylopericardium and lymphoedema--the presenting features of signet-ring cell carcinoma. (3/223)
This report describes a patient with chylous pleural and pericardial effusions in conjunction with severe lymphoedema resembling elephantiasis. The chylous effusions and generalized lymphoedema were associated with a signet-ring cell carcinoma. (+info)Identification of natural antigenic peptides of a human gastric signet ring cell carcinoma recognized by HLA-A31-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (4/223)
Peptides of human melanomas recognized by CD8+ CTLs have been identified, but the nature of those of nonmelanoma tumors remains to be elucidated. Previously, we established a gastric signet ring cell carcinoma HST-2 and HLA-A31 (A*31012)-restricted autologous CTL clone, TcHST-2. In the present study, we determined the natural antigenic peptides of HST-2 cells. The purified preparation of acid-extracted Ags was submitted to the peptide sequencer, and one peptide, designated F4.2 (Tyr-Ser-Trp-Met-Asp-Ile-Ser-Cys-Trp-Ile), appeared to be immunogenic. To confirm the antigenicity of F4.2 further, we constructed an expression minigene vector (pF4.2ss) coding adenovirus E3, a 19-kDa protein signal sequence plus F4.2. An introduction of pF4.2ss minigene to HST-2 and HLA-A31(+) allogeneic tumor cells clearly enhanced and induced the TcHST-2 reactivity, respectively. Furthermore, when synthetic peptides of F4.2 C-terminal-deleted peptides were pulsed to HST-2 cells, F4.2-9 (nonamers), but not F4.2-8 or F4.2-7 (octamer or heptamer, respectively), enhanced the reactivity of TcHST-2, suggesting that the N-terminal ninth Trp might be a T cell epitope. This was confirmed by lack of antigenicity when using synthetic substituted peptides as well as minigenes coding F4.2 variant peptides with Ala or Arg at the ninth position of F4.2. Meanwhile, it was indicated that the sixth position Ile was critically important for the binding to HLA-A31 molecules. Thus, our data indicate that F4.2 may work as an HLA-A31-restricted natural antigenic peptide recognized by CTLs. (+info)Eradication diminishes enhancing effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on glandular stomach carcinogenesis in Mongolian gerbils. (5/223)
To investigate the nature of the link between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and stomach carcinogenesis, a study of the glandular stomach of Mongolian gerbils (MGs) was performed. MGs were treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), followed by inoculation with Hp (groups 1 and 2) or without Hp (group 3), or infected with Hp (groups 4 and 5) or inoculation without Hp (group 6) followed by MNU administration. At week 21, the animals in groups 2 and 5 underwent an eradication procedure. At week 50, the incidences of adenocarcinomas in group 1 (15 of 23) and group 4 (9 of 26) were significantly higher than in group 3 (1 of 15) and group 6 (1 of 18), respectively. Moreover, those in group 2 (5 of 24) and group 5 (2 of 22) were lower than in groups 1 and 4, respectively. This study shows that Hp eradication may be useful as a prevention approach against stomach cancer. (+info)Radiologic findings of metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma to the breast from stomach. (6/223)
Two Korean women (41 and 23-years of age) presented with painful breast enlargement and redness. The involved breast was confirmed as metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma. Although metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of the breast shows similar clinical symptoms to inflammatory breast cancer, the difference between the two is that this malignancy showed no microcalcifications or mass on radiographic findings (mammograms and US). Therefore, after the confirmation of signet ring cell carcinoma of the breast has been made, metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma should be considered if there are no microcalcifications or masses evident on radiographic findings. (+info)Node-positive mucosal gastric cancer: a follow-up study. (7/223)
BACKGROUND: Lymph node metastasis from mucosal gastric carcinoma is rare and the prognosis of the patients has seldom been reported. METHODS: Forty-five patients with node-positive mucosal gastric cancer were studied. They accounted for 2.5% of 1770 patients with mucosal gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo. The clinicopathological features were studied and the current clinical status was sought. RESULTS: The majority of patients (87%) were treated with D2 lymphadenectomy. The metastasis was confined to the perigastric nodes (pN1 by Japanese classification) in 30 patients (67%). The number of positive nodes was less than seven (pN1 by TNM) in 42 patients (93%). Two patients had para-aortic nodal metastasis. The median follow-up period was 11 years. Four patients died of definite or possible recurrent disease and the disease-specific 5- and 10-year survival rates were 95 and 89%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although nodal metastasis is an important prognostic factor for gastric cancer, the prognosis was excellent as long as the primary tumor was confined to the mucosa and was treated with gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy. (+info)Collecting-duct carcinoma of the kidney with prominent signet ring cell features. (8/223)
We report a case in a 74-year-old woman of collecting-duct carcinoma of the kidney with prominent signet ring cell features. Grossly, the tumor measured 5.5 cm in greatest dimension, occupied the entire upper pole of the kidney, and was well circumscribed. Microscopically, it displayed a predominant tubulopapillary pattern of growth with a hyalinizing stroma. The tumor tubules were lined by a single layer of cells with large, pleomorphic nuclei, some of which had a hobnail appearance. Large intracytoplasmic vacuoles with compression of nuclei (signet ring cells) were present throughout the tumor. Alcian blue, mucicarmine, and periodic acid-Schiff stains failed to identify intracellular mucin or glycogen in the signet ring cells. Enlarged cells with intracytoplasmic vacuoles were also noted in the adjacent collecting ducts. The tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for cytokeratin including cytokeratin 7, CAM 5.2, AE1/3, and 34 beta E12, vimentin, peanut lectin agglutinin, and Ulex europaeus agglutinin. Electron microscopy revealed that the intracytoplasmic vacuoles were due to intracellular edema. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of renal collecting-duct carcinoma with prominent signet ring cell features. (+info)Carcinoma, signet ring cell is a type of adenocarcinoma, which is a cancer that begins in glandular cells. In signet ring cell carcinoma, the cancer cells have a characteristic appearance when viewed under a microscope. They contain large amounts of mucin, a substance that causes the nucleus of the cell to be pushed to one side, giving the cell a crescent or "signet ring" shape.
Signet ring cell carcinoma can occur in various organs, including the stomach, colon, rectum, and breast. It is often aggressive and has a poor prognosis, as it tends to grow and spread quickly. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, depending on the location and extent of the cancer.
Adenocarcinoma, mucinous is a type of cancer that begins in the glandular cells that line certain organs and produce mucin, a substance that lubricates and protects tissues. This type of cancer is characterized by the presence of abundant pools of mucin within the tumor. It typically develops in organs such as the colon, rectum, lungs, pancreas, and ovaries.
Mucinous adenocarcinomas tend to have a distinct appearance under the microscope, with large pools of mucin pushing aside the cancer cells. They may also have a different clinical behavior compared to other types of adenocarcinomas, such as being more aggressive or having a worse prognosis in some cases.
It is important to note that while a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, mucinous can be serious, the prognosis and treatment options may vary depending on several factors, including the location of the cancer, the stage at which it was diagnosed, and the individual's overall health.
Stomach neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the stomach that can be benign or malignant. They include a wide range of conditions such as:
1. Gastric adenomas: These are benign tumors that develop from glandular cells in the stomach lining.
2. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): These are rare tumors that can be found in the stomach and other parts of the digestive tract. They originate from the stem cells in the wall of the digestive tract.
3. Leiomyomas: These are benign tumors that develop from smooth muscle cells in the stomach wall.
4. Lipomas: These are benign tumors that develop from fat cells in the stomach wall.
5. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs): These are tumors that develop from the neuroendocrine cells in the stomach lining. They can be benign or malignant.
6. Gastric carcinomas: These are malignant tumors that develop from the glandular cells in the stomach lining. They are the most common type of stomach neoplasm and include adenocarcinomas, signet ring cell carcinomas, and others.
7. Lymphomas: These are malignant tumors that develop from the immune cells in the stomach wall.
Stomach neoplasms can cause various symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and difficulty swallowing. The diagnosis of stomach neoplasms usually involves a combination of imaging tests, endoscopy, and biopsy. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the neoplasm and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapy.
Appendiceal neoplasms refer to various types of tumors that can develop in the appendix, a small tube-like structure attached to the large intestine. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant and can include:
1. Adenomas: These are benign tumors that arise from the glandular cells lining the appendix. They are usually slow-growing and may not cause any symptoms.
2. Carcinoids: These are neuroendocrine tumors that arise from the hormone-producing cells in the appendix. They are typically small and slow-growing, but some can be aggressive and spread to other parts of the body.
3. Mucinous neoplasms: These are tumors that produce mucin, a slippery substance that can cause the appendix to become distended and filled with mucus. They can be low-grade (less aggressive) or high-grade (more aggressive) and may spread to other parts of the abdomen.
4. Adenocarcinomas: These are malignant tumors that arise from the glandular cells lining the appendix. They are relatively rare but can be aggressive and spread to other parts of the body.
5. Pseudomyxoma peritonei: This is a condition in which mucin produced by an appendiceal neoplasm leaks into the abdominal cavity, causing a jelly-like accumulation of fluid and tissue. It can be caused by both benign and malignant tumors.
Treatment for appendiceal neoplasms depends on the type and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.
The umbilicus, also known as the navel, is the scar left on the abdominal wall after the removal of the umbilical cord in a newborn. The umbilical cord connects the developing fetus to the placenta in the uterus during pregnancy, providing essential nutrients and oxygen while removing waste products. After birth, the cord is clamped and cut, leaving behind a small stump that eventually dries up and falls off, leaving the umbilicus. In adults, it typically appears as a slight depression or dimple on the abdomen.
Carcinoma is a type of cancer that develops from epithelial cells, which are the cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body. These cells cover organs, glands, and other structures within the body. Carcinomas can occur in various parts of the body, including the skin, lungs, breasts, prostate, colon, and pancreas. They are often characterized by the uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells that can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body through a process called metastasis. Carcinomas can be further classified based on their appearance under a microscope, such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma.
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a genetic phenomenon characterized by alterations in the number of repeat units in microsatellites, which are short repetitive DNA sequences distributed throughout the genome. MSI arises due to defects in the DNA mismatch repair system, leading to accumulation of errors during DNA replication and cell division.
This condition is often associated with certain types of cancer, such as colorectal, endometrial, and gastric cancers. The presence of MSI in tumors may indicate a better prognosis and potential response to immunotherapy, particularly those targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 pathways.
MSI is typically determined through molecular testing, which compares the length of microsatellites in normal and tumor DNA samples. A high level of instability, known as MSI-High (MSI-H), is indicative of a dysfunctional mismatch repair system and increased likelihood of cancer development.
A Gastrectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of all or part of the stomach. This procedure can be total (complete resection of the stomach), partial (removal of a portion of the stomach), or sleeve (removal of a portion of the stomach to create a narrow sleeve-shaped pouch).
Gastrectomies are typically performed to treat conditions such as gastric cancer, benign tumors, severe peptic ulcers, and in some cases, for weight loss in individuals with morbid obesity. The type of gastrectomy performed depends on the patient's medical condition and the extent of the disease.
Following a gastrectomy, patients may require adjustments to their diet and lifestyle, as well as potential supplementation of vitamins and minerals that would normally be absorbed in the stomach. In some cases, further reconstructive surgery might be necessary to reestablish gastrointestinal continuity.
A rare disease, also known as an orphan disease, is a health condition that affects fewer than 200,000 people in the United States or fewer than 1 in 2,000 people in Europe. There are over 7,000 rare diseases identified, and many of them are severe, chronic, and often life-threatening. The causes of rare diseases can be genetic, infectious, environmental, or degenerative. Due to their rarity, research on rare diseases is often underfunded, and treatments may not be available or well-studied. Additionally, the diagnosis of rare diseases can be challenging due to a lack of awareness and understanding among healthcare professionals.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique used in pathology and laboratory medicine to identify specific proteins or antigens in tissue sections. It combines the principles of immunology and histology to detect the presence and location of these target molecules within cells and tissues. This technique utilizes antibodies that are specific to the protein or antigen of interest, which are then tagged with a detection system such as a chromogen or fluorophore. The stained tissue sections can be examined under a microscope, allowing for the visualization and analysis of the distribution and expression patterns of the target molecule in the context of the tissue architecture. Immunohistochemistry is widely used in diagnostic pathology to help identify various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and immune-mediated disorders.
Mucins are high molecular weight, heavily glycosylated proteins that are the major components of mucus. They are produced and secreted by specialized epithelial cells in various organs, including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts, as well as the eyes and ears.
Mucins have a characteristic structure consisting of a protein backbone with numerous attached oligosaccharide side chains, which give them their gel-forming properties and provide a protective barrier against pathogens, environmental insults, and digestive enzymes. They also play important roles in lubrication, hydration, and cell signaling.
Mucins can be classified into two main groups based on their structure and function: secreted mucins and membrane-bound mucins. Secreted mucins are released from cells and form a physical barrier on the surface of mucosal tissues, while membrane-bound mucins are integrated into the cell membrane and participate in cell adhesion and signaling processes.
Abnormalities in mucin production or function have been implicated in various diseases, including chronic inflammation, cancer, and cystic fibrosis.
Adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that arises from glandular epithelial cells. These cells line the inside of many internal organs, including the breasts, prostate, colon, and lungs. Adenocarcinomas can occur in any of these organs, as well as in other locations where glands are present.
The term "adenocarcinoma" is used to describe a cancer that has features of glandular tissue, such as mucus-secreting cells or cells that produce hormones. These cancers often form glandular structures within the tumor mass and may produce mucus or other substances.
Adenocarcinomas are typically slow-growing and tend to spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. They can be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these treatments. The prognosis for adenocarcinoma depends on several factors, including the location and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and age.
PROTEIN B-RAF, also known as serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf, is a crucial enzyme that helps regulate the cell growth signaling pathway in the body. It is a type of proto-oncogene protein, which means it has the potential to contribute to cancer development if mutated or overexpressed.
The B-RAF protein is part of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in controlling cell growth, division, and survival. When activated by upstream signals, B-RAF activates another kinase called MEK, which then activates ERK, leading to the regulation of various genes involved in cell growth and differentiation.
Mutations in the B-RAF gene can lead to constitutive activation of the protein, causing uncontrolled cell growth and division, which can contribute to the development of various types of cancer, including melanoma, colon cancer, and thyroid cancer. The most common mutation in the B-RAF gene is V600E, which affects around 8% of all human cancers.
Therefore, B-RAF inhibitors have been developed as targeted therapies for cancer treatment, particularly for melanoma patients with B-RAF V600E mutations. These drugs work by blocking the activity of the mutated B-RAF protein, thereby preventing uncontrolled cell growth and division.
Peritoneal neoplasms refer to tumors or cancerous growths that develop in the peritoneum, which is the thin, transparent membrane that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers the organs within it. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant peritoneal neoplasms are often associated with advanced stages of gastrointestinal, ovarian, or uterine cancers and can spread (metastasize) to other parts of the abdomen.
Peritoneal neoplasms can cause various symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs, followed by a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the type, stage, and location of the neoplasm.
Cadherins are a type of cell adhesion molecule that play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of intercellular junctions. They are transmembrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent homophilic binding between adjacent cells, meaning that they bind to identical cadherin molecules on neighboring cells.
There are several types of cadherins, including classical cadherins, desmosomal cadherins, and protocadherins, each with distinct functions and localization in tissues. Classical cadherins, also known as type I cadherins, are the most well-studied and are essential for the formation of adherens junctions, which help to maintain cell-to-cell contact and tissue architecture.
Desmosomal cadherins, on the other hand, are critical for the formation and maintenance of desmosomes, which are specialized intercellular junctions that provide mechanical strength and stability to tissues. Protocadherins are a diverse family of cadherin-related proteins that have been implicated in various developmental processes, including neuronal connectivity and tissue patterning.
Mutations in cadherin genes have been associated with several human diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and heart defects. Therefore, understanding the structure, function, and regulation of cadherins is essential for elucidating their roles in health and disease.
The pyloric antrum is the distal part of the stomach, which is the last portion that precedes the pylorus and the beginning of the duodenum. It is a thickened, muscular area responsible for grinding and mixing food with gastric juices during digestion. The pyloric antrum also helps regulate the passage of chyme (partially digested food) into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter, which controls the opening and closing of the pylorus. This region is crucial in the gastrointestinal tract's motor functions and overall digestive process.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a medical procedure that allows direct visualization of the inner lining of the digestive tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), and sometimes the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). This procedure is performed using an endoscope, a long, thin, flexible tube with a light and camera at its tip. The endoscope is inserted through the mouth for upper endoscopy or through the rectum for lower endoscopy (colonoscopy), and the images captured by the camera are transmitted to a monitor for the physician to view.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy can help diagnose various conditions, such as inflammation, ulcers, tumors, polyps, or bleeding in the digestive tract. It can also be used for therapeutic purposes, such as removing polyps, taking tissue samples (biopsies), treating bleeding, and performing other interventions to manage certain digestive diseases.
There are different types of gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures, including:
1. Upper Endoscopy (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD): This procedure examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
2. Colonoscopy: This procedure examines the colon and rectum.
3. Sigmoidoscopy: A limited examination of the lower part of the colon (sigmoid colon) using a shorter endoscope.
4. Enteroscopy: An examination of the small intestine, which can be performed using various techniques, such as push enteroscopy, single-balloon enteroscopy, or double-balloon enteroscopy.
5. Capsule Endoscopy: A procedure that involves swallowing a small capsule containing a camera, which captures images of the digestive tract as it passes through.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy is generally considered safe when performed by experienced medical professionals. However, like any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications, such as bleeding, infection, perforation, or adverse reactions to sedatives used during the procedure. Patients should discuss these risks with their healthcare provider before undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Neoplasm staging is a systematic process used in medicine to describe the extent of spread of a cancer, including the size and location of the original (primary) tumor and whether it has metastasized (spread) to other parts of the body. The most widely accepted system for this purpose is the TNM classification system developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC).
In this system, T stands for tumor, and it describes the size and extent of the primary tumor. N stands for nodes, and it indicates whether the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. M stands for metastasis, and it shows whether the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body.
Each letter is followed by a number that provides more details about the extent of the disease. For example, a T1N0M0 cancer means that the primary tumor is small and has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant sites. The higher the numbers, the more advanced the cancer.
Staging helps doctors determine the most appropriate treatment for each patient and estimate the patient's prognosis. It is an essential tool for communication among members of the healthcare team and for comparing outcomes of treatments in clinical trials.
Colorectal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the colon or rectum, which can be benign or malignant. These growths can arise from the inner lining (mucosa) of the colon or rectum and can take various forms such as polyps, adenomas, or carcinomas.
Benign neoplasms, such as hyperplastic polyps and inflammatory polyps, are not cancerous but may need to be removed to prevent the development of malignant tumors. Adenomas, on the other hand, are precancerous lesions that can develop into colorectal cancer if left untreated.
Colorectal cancer is a malignant neoplasm that arises from the uncontrolled growth and division of cells in the colon or rectum. It is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
Regular screening for colorectal neoplasms is recommended for individuals over the age of 50, as early detection and removal of precancerous lesions can significantly reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that begins in the squamous cells, which are flat, thin cells that form the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). It commonly occurs on sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, lips, and backs of the hands. Squamous cell carcinoma can also develop in other areas of the body including the mouth, lungs, and cervix.
This type of cancer usually develops slowly and may appear as a rough or scaly patch of skin, a red, firm nodule, or a sore or ulcer that doesn't heal. While squamous cell carcinoma is not as aggressive as some other types of cancer, it can metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body if left untreated, making early detection and treatment important.
Risk factors for developing squamous cell carcinoma include prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds, fair skin, a history of sunburns, a weakened immune system, and older age. Prevention measures include protecting your skin from the sun by wearing protective clothing, using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, avoiding tanning beds, and getting regular skin examinations.
Ras proteins are a group of small GTPases that play crucial roles as regulators of intracellular signaling pathways in cells. They are involved in various cellular processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Ras proteins cycle between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state to transmit signals from membrane receptors to downstream effectors. Mutations in Ras genes can lead to constitutive activation of Ras proteins, which has been implicated in various human cancers and developmental disorders.
Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) is a term used in genetics to describe the loss of one copy of a gene or a segment of a chromosome, where there was previously a pair of different genes or chromosomal segments (heterozygous). This can occur due to various genetic events such as mutation, deletion, or mitotic recombination.
LOH is often associated with the development of cancer, as it can lead to the loss of tumor suppressor genes, which normally help to regulate cell growth and division. When both copies of a tumor suppressor gene are lost or inactivated, it can result in uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of a tumor.
In medical terms, LOH is used as a biomarker for cancer susceptibility, progression, and prognosis. It can also be used to identify individuals who may be at increased risk for certain types of cancer, or to monitor patients for signs of cancer recurrence.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults. It originates from the hepatocytes, which are the main functional cells of the liver. This type of cancer is often associated with chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B or C virus infection, alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and aflatoxin exposure.
The symptoms of HCC can vary but may include unexplained weight loss, lack of appetite, abdominal pain or swelling, jaundice, and fatigue. The diagnosis of HCC typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, as well as blood tests to measure alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. Treatment options for Hepatocellular carcinoma depend on the stage and extent of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and liver function. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or liver transplantation.
Histochemistry is the branch of pathology that deals with the microscopic localization of cellular or tissue components using specific chemical reactions. It involves the application of chemical techniques to identify and locate specific biomolecules within tissues, cells, and subcellular structures. This is achieved through the use of various staining methods that react with specific antigens or enzymes in the sample, allowing for their visualization under a microscope. Histochemistry is widely used in diagnostic pathology to identify different types of tissues, cells, and structures, as well as in research to study cellular and molecular processes in health and disease.
Neoplasm invasiveness is a term used in pathology and oncology to describe the aggressive behavior of cancer cells as they invade surrounding tissues and organs. This process involves the loss of cell-to-cell adhesion, increased motility and migration, and the ability of cancer cells to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) through the production of enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
Invasive neoplasms are cancers that have spread beyond the original site where they first developed and have infiltrated adjacent tissues or structures. This is in contrast to non-invasive or in situ neoplasms, which are confined to the epithelial layer where they originated and have not yet invaded the underlying basement membrane.
The invasiveness of a neoplasm is an important prognostic factor in cancer diagnosis and treatment, as it can indicate the likelihood of metastasis and the potential effectiveness of various therapies. In general, more invasive cancers are associated with worse outcomes and require more aggressive treatment approaches.
Prognosis is a medical term that refers to the prediction of the likely outcome or course of a disease, including the chances of recovery or recurrence, based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. It is an important aspect of clinical decision-making and patient communication, as it helps doctors and patients make informed decisions about treatment options, set realistic expectations, and plan for future care.
Prognosis can be expressed in various ways, such as percentages, categories (e.g., good, fair, poor), or survival rates, depending on the nature of the disease and the available evidence. However, it is important to note that prognosis is not an exact science and may vary depending on individual factors, such as age, overall health status, and response to treatment. Therefore, it should be used as a guide rather than a definitive forecast.
Alcian Blue is a type of dye that is commonly used in histology, which is the study of the microscopic structure of tissues. It is particularly useful for staining acidic mucopolysaccharides and proteoglycans, which are important components of the extracellular matrix in many tissues.
Alcian Blue binds to these negatively charged molecules through ionic interactions, forming a complex that can be visualized under a microscope. The dye is often used in combination with other stains to provide contrast and highlight specific structures within tissues.
The intensity of the Alcian Blue stain can also provide information about the degree of sulfation or carboxylation of the mucopolysaccharides, which can be useful in diagnosing certain diseases or abnormalities. For example, changes in the staining pattern of proteoglycans have been associated with various types of arthritis and other joint disorders.
Overall, Alcian Blue is an important tool in the field of histology and has contributed significantly to our understanding of tissue structure and function.
Microsatellite repeats, also known as short tandem repeats (STRs), are repetitive DNA sequences made up of units of 1-6 base pairs that are repeated in a head-to-tail manner. These repeats are spread throughout the human genome and are highly polymorphic, meaning they can have different numbers of repeat units in different individuals.
Microsatellites are useful as genetic markers because of their high degree of variability. They are commonly used in forensic science to identify individuals, in genealogy to trace ancestry, and in medical research to study genetic diseases and disorders. Mutations in microsatellite repeats have been associated with various neurological conditions, including Huntington's disease and fragile X syndrome.
Signet ring cell carcinoma
Signet ring cell
Stomach cancer
Keratin 8
Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma
Poorly cohesive gastric carcinoma
Pancreatic cancer
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the lung
Lobular carcinoma in situ
Krukenberg tumor
Microscopic scale
Papillary carcinomas of the breast
HOHMS
ALK positive lung cancer
High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
Squamous-cell carcinoma
Linitis plastica
Histopathology of colorectal adenocarcinoma
Mammary secretory carcinoma
Large-cell lung carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype
Trypsin inhibitor
Gleason grading system
Fatty liver disease
Index of oncology articles
Santosh G. Honavar
Histopathologic diagnosis of prostate cancer
Ovarian cancer
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase
Thyroid neoplasm
List of skin conditions
International Classification of Diseases for Oncology
Signet ring cell carcinoma - Wikipedia
Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the appendix: A rare case report
Clinicopathological characteristics and survival in lung signet ring cell carcinoma: a population-based study. - Physician's...
References for Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma - Breast Cancer - Moose and Doc
Signet ring cell carcinoma of the rectal stump in a known ulcerative colitis patient
Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of signet ring cell carcinoma of the gallbladder | BMC Gastroenterology |...
Nomogram for predicting the overall survival of the patients with oesophageal signet ring cell carcinoma. | J Thorac Dis;13(3)...
Liver and Pancreatic Injury in Response to ALK Inhibitors in a Patient with Primary Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: A...
Comparison of clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics in patients with mucinous carcinoma and signet ring cell...
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics
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Human Malignant Digestive system | REC07 | Pantomics
Volume 56 Issue 2 | Acta Cytologica | Karger Publishers
Cytoreduction and HIPEC in the Netherlands : nationwide long-term outcome following the Dutch protocol | Lund University...
Pathology of Nonmesothelial Cancers of the Pleura: Definition, Etiology, Epidemiology
Pathology of Nonmesothelial Cancers of the Pleura: Definition, Etiology, Epidemiology
The Jeff Mouse Mutant Model for Chronic Otitis Media Manifests Gain-of-Function as Well as Loss-of-Function Effects - World...
Krukenberg tumor | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
Vidar Beisvåg - NTNU
Silberstein, Peter T | Creighton University
Gastric adenocarcinoma associated with granulomatous gastritis. Case report and review of the literature
Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma: an update | Gut
Molecular Pathology of Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer
Appendix Cancers | CancerIndex
A New Day? Fast, Cheap Human Genome Sequencing Will Open Doors
Stomach (Gastric) Cancer Screening (PDQ®) (Health professionals) | OncoLink
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mediaTUM - Media and Publication Server
Francisella tularensis Peritonitis in Stomach Cancer Patient - Volume 10, Number 12-December 2004 - Emerging Infectious...
Female Colon Cancer Metastasis Pattern and Prognosis: A SEER-Based Study
Squamous Cell Carc5
- Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Why a Rare Diagnosis on Cytology? (karger.com)
- Nelson R, Luu L, Silberstein P, Velagapudi M, Huerter C. Novel treatment of locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with cemiplimab: a case report. (creighton.edu)
- Gootee J, Patel M, Aurit S, Silberstein P. The importance of adjuvant treatment and primary anatomical site in head and neck basaloid squamous cell carcinoma survival: an analysis of the National Cancer Database. (creighton.edu)
- Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in various morphological forms needs to be separated from other epithelial tumors for treatment modality selection. (cytojournal.com)
- Radiomics Analysis of Lymph Nodes with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Deep Learning. (cdc.gov)
Adenocarcinoma10
- Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare form of highly malignant adenocarcinoma that produces mucin. (wikipedia.org)
- Among the various histopathological subtypes of adenocarcinoma in the rectum, signet ring cell carcinoma is the rarest and accounts for approximately 1% of the cases. (autopsyandcasereports.org)
- Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) is a rare histological subtype of gallbladder adenocarcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
- Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) is an adenocarcinoma in which more than 50% of the tumor consists of isolated or small groups of malignant cells containing intracytoplasmic mucins [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- We report a patient with stage IV anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (primary lung signet ring cell adenocarcinoma) who received serial crizotinib, chemotherapy, and lorlatinib over more than 4 years. (acibadem.edu.tr)
- [ 3 , 4 ] The term "pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma" was first applied by Harwood and colleagues in 1976 to 6 cases of peripheral lung adenocarcinoma that closely mimicked mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
- Less common tumours of the appendix include signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma and paraganglioma . (cancerindex.org)
- Another change is the subclassification of adenocarcinoma: the definition of bronchioalveolar carcinoma has been restricted to noninvasive tumours. (ersjournals.com)
- As compared to the previous edition, changes include a better definition of pre-invasive lesion, a reclassification of adenocarcinoma, the description of two new tumour types as variants of large cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and basaloid carcinoma, and a new class called pleomorphic carcinoma. (ersjournals.com)
- 2 Diagnosis of small cell (neuroendocrine) or mucinous adenocarcinoma of cervical cancer (ie, mucinous NOS, intestinal type, signet ring cell type, invasive stratified mucin producing carcinoma and gastric type) based on 2020 WHO classification of cervical cancer. (who.int)
Hepatocellular carcinoma2
Mucinous2
- 2003) Expression of mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6) in mucinous carcinoma of the breast: comparison with invasive ductal carcinoma . (breast-cancer.ca)
- Mucinous and signet-ring cell colorectal cancers differ from classical adenocarcinomas in tumor biology and prognosis. (autopsyandcasereports.org)
Invasive3
- 1993) Metastatic patterns of invasive lobular versus invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast . (breast-cancer.ca)
- In addition of the categories of squamous dysplasia and carcinoma in situ , two additional lesions were added to the group of pre-invasive lesions: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH). (ersjournals.com)
- In summary, EBV+ or MSI gastric cancers are more likely to express PD-L1 and have increased CD8 T cells at tumor invasive front than EBV-/MSS cancers. (johnshopkins.edu)
Gastric carcinomas2
- Cases of gastric carcinomas metastasizing to the breast and forming signet-ring cells have also been reported. (wikipedia.org)
- Mutations in the epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) gene have been shown to be associated with the occurrence of diffuse gastric carcinomas in affected families. (tum.de)
Breast carcinomas3
- 1993) Differential loss of E- cadherin expression in infiltrating ductal and lobular breast carcinomas . (breast-cancer.ca)
- Aberrant (upregulated) expression of the MUC1 mucin has been seen in breast carcinomas and other neoplasms, such as colon and pancreatic cancers. (bmj.com)
- 1, 2 Most studies of MUC1 expression in breast carcinomas have shown that increased membrane MUC1 mucin expression on the apical cell surface is associated with a better prognosis (reviewed in Rahn and colleagues 2 ), whereas circumferential staining in tumour cell cytoplasm is associated with a worse prognosis. (bmj.com)
Renal cell carc1
- Renal Cell Carcinoma. (iiarjournals.org)
Colon3
- however, it has been found that a colon carcinoma cell known as HCC2998 causes an increase in differentiated tumor production. (wikipedia.org)
- 2 Farraj FA, Sabbagh H, Aridi T, Fakhruddin N, Farhat F. Signet ring cell carcinoma of the colon in young adults: a case report and literature review. (autopsyandcasereports.org)
- 10 Belli S, Aytac HO, Karagulle E, Yabanoglu H, Kayaselcuk F, Yildirim S. Outcomes of surgical treatment of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the colon and rectum: 22 cases reviewed with literature. (autopsyandcasereports.org)
Stroma2
- DSRCT is composed of small cells with round hyperchromatic nuclei and a dense fibrous or spindle cell stroma. (medscape.com)
- Signet ring cells scatter in the ovarian stroma with abundant collagen formation or marked edema. (radiopaedia.org)
Epithelial7
- It is an epithelial malignancy characterized by the histologic appearance of signet ring cells. (wikipedia.org)
- By definition, pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma refers to an epithelial neoplasm that secondarily involves the pleura and encases the lung, thereby simulating the radiologic and macroscopic appearance of malignant mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
- Synovial sarcomas encompass both biphasic (epithelial and spindle cell components) and monophasic (purely spindle cell) variants. (medscape.com)
- Gastrin and its derivates have been reported to regulate epithelial cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. (tum.de)
- Finally, a new class was defined called carcinoma with pleomorphic, sarcomatoid, or sarcomatous elements, which brings together a number of proliferations characterized by a spectrum of epithelial to mesenchymal differentiation. (ersjournals.com)
- Carcinoma of cervix is classified as per the WHO classification into primary tumors which are predominantly epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors and tumor like lesions, mixed epithelial stromal tumors, melanocytic, germ cell, and lymphoid tumors. (cytojournal.com)
- Rat Muc4, a homologue of human MUC4, has been extensively studied in mammary gland tumours and has been shown to play an important role in epithelial growth, cell differentiation, cell-cell adhesion, metastasis, and tumour apoptosis. (bmj.com)
Survival7
- Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is extremely rare and patient survival is very poor and occurs mainly in men ages 38 to 83. (wikipedia.org)
- Clinicopathological characteristics and survival in lung signet ring cell carcinoma: a population-based study. (physiciansweekly.com)
- Nomogram for predicting the overall survival of the patients with oesophageal signet ring cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
- Urinary bladder Carcinoma Late recurrence Survival After. (karger.com)
- Ganti AK, Subbiah SP, Kessinger A, Gonsalves WI, Silberstein PT, Lobriza FR Jr. Association between Race and Survival of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in The United States Veterans Affairs Population:Clinical Lung Cancer-2014 Mar;15(2):152-8. (creighton.edu)
- Clinicopathologic Features and Survival Outcomes of Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Appendix: An Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database. (creighton.edu)
- Predicting Overall Survival in Patients with Nonmetastatic Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma: A Machine Learning Approach. (cdc.gov)
Mucin3
- SRCCs are named due to their resemblance to signet rings, which result from the formation of large vacuoles full of mucin that displaces the nucleus to the cell's periphery. (wikipedia.org)
- Krukenberg tumors are metastatic tumors to the ovary that contain well-defined histological characteristics (mucin-secreting "signet ring" cells) and usually originate in the gastrointestinal tract 4 . (radiopaedia.org)
- Several studies have reported conflicting and inconclusive results concerning the clinical relevance of mucin expression in gastric carcinoma. (bmj.com)
Intestinal-type1
- The pattern of metastasis is different for gastric signet cell carcinoma than for intestinal-type gastric carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
Cancers4
- SRCC cancers are usually diagnosed during the late stages of the disease, so the tumors generally spread more aggressively than non-signet cancers, making treatment challenging. (wikipedia.org)
- For diffuse type gastric cancers detected at an early stage, in the case of lesions that do not have lymph node metastasis and are treatable locally, endoscopic submucosal dissection can be performed to remove only the cancer cells without resection of the stomach to minimize complications and sequelae, and a cure rate similar to that of surgery can be expected. (justia.com)
- Forty-four resected gastric cancers including 7 EBV+, 16 MSI, and 21 microsatellite stable cancers without EBV (EBV-/MSS) were studied for PD-L1 expression and T-cell subpopulations by immunohistochemistry. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Positive PD-L1 expression (PD-L1+), defined as membranous staining in either tumor cells or tumor immune infiltrates, was seen in 32 (72%) gastric cancers. (johnshopkins.edu)
Patients5
- Primary SRCC tumors are most often found in the glandular cells of the stomach (SRCC originates in the stomach in 56 percent of patients), and less frequently in the breast, gallbladder, urinary bladder, and pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
- 1982) The importance of MUC1 cellular localization in patients with breast carcinoma: an immunohistologic study of 71 patients and review of the literature . (breast-cancer.ca)
- A nomogram to predict the OS of patients with oesophageal SRC carcinoma was established. (bvsalud.org)
- Direct comparison of (18)F-FDG PET and PET/CT in patients with colorectal carcinoma. (koreamed.org)
- Deep Learning for Predicting Distant Metastasis in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Pre-Radiotherapy Magnetic Resonance Imaging. (cdc.gov)
Neoplasms2
- SFTs of the pleura are localized mesenchymal neoplasms composed of fibroblastlike cells believed to arise from the subpleural connective tissue. (medscape.com)
- CONTEXT: Gastric neuroendocrine tumors are rare neoplasms that originate from gastric enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the oxyntic mucosa. (tum.de)
Metastatic4
- Tot T. (200) The role of cytokeratins 20 and 7 and estrogen receptor analysis in separation of metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast and metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract . (breast-cancer.ca)
- Krukenberg tumor , also known as carcinoma mucocellulare , refers to the "signet ring" subtype of metastatic tumor to the ovary . (radiopaedia.org)
- There are a variety of metastatic carcinomas to the ovary that can mimic primary ovarian tumors 4 . (radiopaedia.org)
- Differentiation between primary and metastatic ovarian carcinoma is of great importance with respect to treatment and prognosis but may be very difficult based on imaging findings solely. (radiopaedia.org)
Histopathology1
- She underwent appendicectomy and unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.Histopathology revealed signet ring cell carcinoma and a right hemicolectomy was done. (wjgnet.com)
Appendix4
- Moreover, primary signet ring cell carcinomaof the appendix is an exceedingly rare entity. (wjgnet.com)
- In the present report, we describe a rare case of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the appendix with ovarian metastasesand unresectable peritoneal dissemination occurring in a 45-year-old female patient. (wjgnet.com)
- Cancer of the Appendix (also known as appendiceal cancer) occurs when cells in the appendix become abnormal and multiply without control. (cancerindex.org)
- About two thirds of appendix tumours are carcinoid tumours which develop in hormone-producing cells that are present in many parts of the body, including the appendix. (cancerindex.org)
Cancer11
- One study suggests that when signet-ring cells are found in a breast tumor, the presence of gastric cancer should also be considered. (wikipedia.org)
- In the future, case studies indicate that bone marrow metastases will likely play a larger role in the diagnosis and management of signet ring cell gastric cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Lung signet ring cell carcinoma (LSRCC) is a very rare type of lung cancer, the clinical characteristics, and prognosis of which remain to be clarified. (physiciansweekly.com)
- Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. (autopsyandcasereports.org)
- Pathological examination of the resected specimen revealed a superficial signet ring cell carcinoma (early cancer) associated with multiple granulomas. (nih.gov)
- Stem Cells and Cancer. (iiarjournals.org)
- They named a cancer after it because of the way the cell is misshaped. (theimperfectblog.com)
- Carcinoma cervix is not the only cancer caused by HPV. (cytojournal.com)
- Staging of non-small-cell lung cancer with integrated positron-emission tomography and computed tomography. (koreamed.org)
- On the other hand, in diffuse type gastric cancer, changes in the surface of the mucosa are not clearly seen, and precancerous lesions are not easily identified like adenomas because cancer cells that are small enough to be invisible penetrate the stomach wall and grow under the mucous membrane. (justia.com)
- In HNPCC, a mutation that inactivates an MMR gene leads to the accumulation of cell mutations and greatly increases the likelihood of malignant transformation and cancer. (medscape.com)
Clinicopathological2
- This study investigated the correlations between aberrant expression of mucins in gastric carcinoma and patient clinicopathological features. (bmj.com)
- The expression of MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC5AC, and MUC6 was investigated immunohistochemically in gastric carcinoma (n = 46) in relation to patient clinicopathological features. (bmj.com)
Metastasis1
- The patient had recently been diagnosed with signet-ring-cell carcinoma of the stomach with evidence of metastasis to the lung and peritoneum and multiple thoracic and abdominal lymph nodes. (cdc.gov)
Basaloid1
- The large cell carcinoma class has been enriched with several variants, including the LCNEC and the basaloid carcinoma, both with a dismal prognosis. (ersjournals.com)
Primary2
- CT appearances can be indistinguishable from primary ovarian carcinoma 2 . (radiopaedia.org)
- The sensitivity of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for a primary tumor with signet ring cell carcinoma was lower than that of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for a primary tumor with non-signet ring cell carcinoma (35.3% vs. 73.8%, P (koreamed.org)
Krukenberg1
- The great majority of Krukenberg tumors are signet ring cell carcinomas arising in the stomach. (radiopaedia.org)
Pleomorphic1
- 2000) Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma: Morphology, Immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis . (breast-cancer.ca)
Endoscopic1
- After an endoscopic biopsy had revealed an ulcerated signet ring cell carcinoma, the patient was submitted to subtotal gastrectomy with regional lymph node dissection. (nih.gov)
Differentiation2
- Extracellular matrix plays a major role in cell communication, function, and differentiation, and therefore may play a role in disease development and pathophysiology. (mugen-noe.org)
- Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is now recognized as a histologically high grade non small cell carcinoma showing histopathological features of neuroendocrine differentiation as well as immunohistochemical neuroendocrine markers. (ersjournals.com)
Superficial1
- Lesion of the female vulva characterized by thinning of the epidermis and disappearance of rete pegs, hydropic degeneration of basal cells, superficial hyperkeratosis, dermal fibrosis with scant perivascular, mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate. (brainscape.com)
Neuroendocrine1
- atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. (ersjournals.com)
Histopathological1
- OBJECTIVE: In this study we investigated the histopathological and molecular findings in the gastrointestinal wall of a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 with malignant duodenal gastrinoma and multiple gastric ECL cell tumors, who additionally developed a signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach. (tum.de)
Prognostic1
- The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic factors of oesophageal signet ring cell (SRC) carcinoma and to construct a nomogram for predicting the outcome of SRC carcinoma of oesophagus. (bvsalud.org)
20161
- A total of 968 cases of oesophageal SRC carcinoma were extracted from the Surveillance , Epidemiology , and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2016. (bvsalud.org)
Diffuse1
- 2001) Loss of E-cadherin is the fundamental defect in diffuse-type gastric carcinoma and infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast . (breast-cancer.ca)
Mesenchymal2
- Vimentin is a developmentally regulated intermediate filament protein (IFP) found in cells of mesenchymal origin. (thermofisher.com)
- Solitary tumors of the uterus which arise de novo from the mesenchymal cells of the myometrium. (brainscape.com)
Malignant cells1
- Red, scaly plaque, microscopically characterized by the spread of malignant cells within the epithelium, occasionally with invasion of underlying dermis. (brainscape.com)
Mucosa3
- The granulomas, which were observed within the mucosa and the submucosa at the periphery of the carcinoma, were composed of CD68-positive, CD15-negative epithelioid and giant cells of the Langhans type, confirming their true histiocytic nature, and were also extensively found within the dissected lymph nodes. (nih.gov)
- RESULTS: Immunohistochemical studies of gastric ECL cell tumors showed a largely diminished E-cadherin expression in comparison to gastric surface mucosa cells and a loss of E-cadherin expression in the cells of the signet-ring carcinoma. (tum.de)
- CONCLUSION: Our immunohistochemical studies might suggest that the gastrinoma-associated excessive progastrin tissue concentrations led to diminished expression of E-cadherin within the gastric mucosa and promoted tumor development of a signet-ring cell carcinoma. (tum.de)
Patient2
- Hereby, we report a rare case of signet ring cell carcinoma arising in the rectal stump in an already diagnosed and operated patient of Ulcerative colitis. (autopsyandcasereports.org)
- Carcinogenic hypergastrinemia: signet-ring cell carcinoma in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 with Zollinger-Ellison's syndrome. (tum.de)
Adhesion4
- Some cases are inherited, and these cases are often caused by mutations in the CDH1 gene, which encodes the important cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein E-cadherin. (wikipedia.org)
- Cell adhesion and gap junction proteins, such as integrins and connexins, are also important for mobile communication and behavior, and can interact directly (integrins) or indirectly (connexins) with the extracellular matrix. (mugen-noe.org)
- N. den Elzen, C. V. Buttery, M. P. Maddugoda, G. Ren and A. S. Yap, "Cadherin Adhesion Receptors Orient the Mitotic Spindle during Symmetric Cell Division in Mammalian Epithelia," Molecular Biology of the Cell, Vol. 20, No. 16, 2009, pp. 3740-3750. (scirp.org)
- These findings may be linked to reports that MUC1 plays an important role in the impairment of cell-cell adhesion, the immune response, and/or altered intracellular signalling. (bmj.com)
Adenocarcinomas1
- SRCCs are dedifferentiated adenocarcinomas that lose the capability for cell-cell interaction. (wikipedia.org)
Biology2
- Western blotting is an important technique used in cell and molecular biology. (delos.info)
- Biology of Stem Cells and the Molecular Basis of the Stem State. (iiarjournals.org)